beep-1.3/0000755000076600001200000000000011426020116011562 5ustar johnathadminbeep-1.3/beep.1.gz0000644000076600001200000000637711426020107013213 0ustar johnathadmin\<beep.1}Y]s۸}~}=#ɲǓNJ6kN JXS-+s.@v2̓EŽ:Q_t-dr`|wN~̌בϰ0Δ~0ZUrGW^{wn0>m|w2}63Of_]Oގ*Uf"{(/MKM㭫~/n"u0|-NkqtY#wNe +aFaV6,TݘR0\(LckSr`z/#R_4 ګԟⅮk[-Ui+3ĆTU]C67X/:JyܯMS*5~*lkp\dCZ˲(=,H|,tV:T6DeK5w.W:T*Q&'e\Ma2S QK7$zZag\rVy0NBi0ٖ14 ۙ7YmC&3;ѝ뫢8|=$$prm,L8XWn镺6D?Sd3Ojn*3`}m3oK (fi+tC|#j қ2b(@zHDfW FF㭮eO!״ |&.>X[~iLmFM:EPɗ4R5=W+?{ T (I_#CGO<[afF{\V (An(bsyqxO YD6™'УYFzJ^<^Pe.w@^)8ই!tt<m@e[!TFQܴaZ5+)MS,Y\$"*4,=]h`F c:D!N2hnD4ঌRV+/"5~O=U*2Fxp4 +AAݸSi9)~X4lQmIҪhR qMJWX!@^pN4ÏvD :,!ȝ]o&9$OtCrB- 5\mi|gSh-{X.V+S;H(*ڼs3üfYYp~hW@/`!HuxøU0 ]|-q^QHrb]䗛Ow^D#X<;]w/6T˃5t!XVu2!J̹@\27`9 'G1@aژr%AV`G/f h䫆aZoRl@y1 M8Fݑ>E!a ui,g&mmR13π,piz!k8pbdvv}!I?$H(I:E 8TOz]#Q<>]W *ץG % &3vTo@"KȨѪtJlѷ`-)hQ7XŧN_;#n*}!'DP)@D;Lit:~"GܤtO`ʶ$PI]-)* Ŋmcw>S*i?Š*a3bȌJ$"1* $~~㌗~;#1RMtw$[óyhQ/YDӘJ֤` R]&*\ihMA48)&KgHx~O:oc`0HڍI"0xOZ!U!n/7ur"V8y<^R_N9>n+ExL$ކ6`EhJvϺ,{YkL Dΐɍ{X٘v; ה%v\b=bahi!c>Ct6p-,x|n0{)ɉlm Xzbb|2Fǒ]pareёo}?վRN$Chh^х' #/V6ƹ! 4!A/Z(ƕoTƽD'!٠$We (xJA;Y}5 7;MԓٖܰX"%I(][a'= jX'J֞` o3~F!*_Ƒʲ#j q2ip>BQ=cput݁r TEdXȥ g,:<樄ِv̈Lb+ՇnP2A}bpۃ_t|<>?>8 .p>;,wǓd_NN۷X}_*q+;.Y1A]vs^}޲Bc~kjVȵΟp T17w6r+<d\u(b4<{1WsJ& UF>iJ~JJʓ?)77Ȧ7ƺ0fad,M$jt7PuB(n/Χwh ݓbeep-1.3/beep.c0000644000076600001200000002671711426020107012656 0ustar johnathadmin/* beep - just what it sounds like, makes the console beep - but with * precision control. See the man page for details. * * Try beep -h for command line args * * This code is copyright (C) Johnathan Nightingale, 2000. * * This code may distributed only under the terms of the GNU Public License * which can be found at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft or in the file COPYING * supplied with this code. * * This code is not distributed with warranties of any kind, including implied * warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or ability to * breed pandas in captivity, it just can't be done. * * Bug me, I like it: http://johnath.com/ or johnath@johnath.com */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* I don't know where this number comes from, I admit that freely. A wonderful human named Raine M. Ekman used it in a program that played a tune at the console, and apparently, it's how the kernel likes its sound requests to be phrased. If you see Raine, thank him for me. June 28, email from Peter Tirsek (peter at tirsek dot com): This number represents the fixed frequency of the original PC XT's timer chip (the 8254 AFAIR), which is approximately 1.193 MHz. This number is divided with the desired frequency to obtain a counter value, that is subsequently fed into the timer chip, tied to the PC speaker. The chip decreases this counter at every tick (1.193 MHz) and when it reaches zero, it toggles the state of the speaker (on/off, or in/out), resets the counter to the original value, and starts over. The end result of this is a tone at approximately the desired frequency. :) */ #ifndef CLOCK_TICK_RATE #define CLOCK_TICK_RATE 1193180 #endif #define VERSION_STRING "beep-1.3" char *copyright = "Copyright (C) Johnathan Nightingale, 2002. " "Use and Distribution subject to GPL. " "For information: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/."; /* Meaningful Defaults */ #define DEFAULT_FREQ 440.0 /* Middle A */ #define DEFAULT_LENGTH 200 /* milliseconds */ #define DEFAULT_REPS 1 #define DEFAULT_DELAY 100 /* milliseconds */ #define DEFAULT_END_DELAY NO_END_DELAY #define DEFAULT_STDIN_BEEP NO_STDIN_BEEP /* Other Constants */ #define NO_END_DELAY 0 #define YES_END_DELAY 1 #define NO_STDIN_BEEP 0 #define LINE_STDIN_BEEP 1 #define CHAR_STDIN_BEEP 2 typedef struct beep_parms_t { float freq; /* tone frequency (Hz) */ int length; /* tone length (ms) */ int reps; /* # of repetitions */ int delay; /* delay between reps (ms) */ int end_delay; /* do we delay after last rep? */ int stdin_beep; /* are we using stdin triggers? We have three options: - just beep and terminate (default) - beep after a line of input - beep after a character of input In the latter two cases, pass the text back out again, so that beep can be tucked appropriately into a text- processing pipe. */ int verbose; /* verbose output? */ struct beep_parms_t *next; /* in case -n/--new is used. */ } beep_parms_t; enum { BEEP_TYPE_CONSOLE, BEEP_TYPE_EVDEV }; /* Momma taught me never to use globals, but we need something the signal handlers can get at.*/ int console_fd = -1; int console_type = BEEP_TYPE_CONSOLE; char *console_device = NULL; void do_beep(int freq) { if (console_type == BEEP_TYPE_CONSOLE) { if(ioctl(console_fd, KIOCSOUND, freq != 0 ? (int)(CLOCK_TICK_RATE/freq) : freq) < 0) { printf("\a"); /* Output the only beep we can, in an effort to fall back on usefulness */ perror("ioctl"); } } else { /* BEEP_TYPE_EVDEV */ struct input_event e; e.type = EV_SND; e.code = SND_TONE; e.value = freq; write(console_fd, &e, sizeof(struct input_event)); } } /* If we get interrupted, it would be nice to not leave the speaker beeping in perpetuity. */ void handle_signal(int signum) { if(console_device) free(console_device); switch(signum) { case SIGINT: if(console_fd >= 0) { /* Kill the sound, quit gracefully */ do_beep(0); close(console_fd); exit(signum); } else { /* Just quit gracefully */ exit(signum); } } } /* print usage and exit */ void usage_bail(const char *executable_name) { printf("Usage:\n%s [-f freq] [-l length] [-r reps] [-d delay] " "[-D delay] [-s] [-c] [--verbose | --debug] [-e device]\n", executable_name); printf("%s [Options...] [-n] [--new] [Options...] ... \n", executable_name); printf("%s [-h] [--help]\n", executable_name); printf("%s [-v] [-V] [--version]\n", executable_name); exit(1); } /* Parse the command line. argv should be untampered, as passed to main. * Beep parameters returned in result, subsequent parameters in argv will over- * ride previous ones. * * Currently valid parameters: * "-f " * "-l " * "-r " * "-d " * "-D " (similar to -d, but delay after last repetition as well) * "-s" (beep after each line of input from stdin, echo line to stdout) * "-c" (beep after each char of input from stdin, echo char to stdout) * "--verbose/--debug" * "-h/--help" * "-v/-V/--version" * "-n/--new" * * March 29, 2002 - Daniel Eisenbud points out that c should be int, not char, * for correctness on platforms with unsigned chars. */ void parse_command_line(int argc, char **argv, beep_parms_t *result) { int c; struct option opt_list[7] = {{"help", 0, NULL, 'h'}, {"version", 0, NULL, 'V'}, {"new", 0, NULL, 'n'}, {"verbose", 0, NULL, 'X'}, {"debug", 0, NULL, 'X'}, {"device", 1, NULL, 'e'}, {0,0,0,0}}; while((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:l:r:d:D:schvVne:", opt_list, NULL)) != EOF) { int argval = -1; /* handle parsed numbers for various arguments */ float argfreq = -1; switch(c) { case 'f': /* freq */ if(!sscanf(optarg, "%f", &argfreq) || (argfreq >= 20000 /* ack! */) || (argfreq <= 0)) usage_bail(argv[0]); else if (result->freq != 0) fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: multiple -f values given, only last " "one is used.\n"); result->freq = argfreq; break; case 'l' : /* length */ if(!sscanf(optarg, "%d", &argval) || (argval < 0)) usage_bail(argv[0]); else result->length = argval; break; case 'r' : /* repetitions */ if(!sscanf(optarg, "%d", &argval) || (argval < 0)) usage_bail(argv[0]); else result->reps = argval; break; case 'd' : /* delay between reps - WITHOUT delay after last beep*/ if(!sscanf(optarg, "%d", &argval) || (argval < 0)) usage_bail(argv[0]); else { result->delay = argval; result->end_delay = NO_END_DELAY; } break; case 'D' : /* delay between reps - WITH delay after last beep */ if(!sscanf(optarg, "%d", &argval) || (argval < 0)) usage_bail(argv[0]); else { result->delay = argval; result->end_delay = YES_END_DELAY; } break; case 's' : result->stdin_beep = LINE_STDIN_BEEP; break; case 'c' : result->stdin_beep = CHAR_STDIN_BEEP; break; case 'v' : case 'V' : /* also --version */ printf("%s\n",VERSION_STRING); exit(0); break; case 'n' : /* also --new - create another beep */ if (result->freq == 0) result->freq = DEFAULT_FREQ; result->next = (beep_parms_t *)malloc(sizeof(beep_parms_t)); result->next->freq = 0; result->next->length = DEFAULT_LENGTH; result->next->reps = DEFAULT_REPS; result->next->delay = DEFAULT_DELAY; result->next->end_delay = DEFAULT_END_DELAY; result->next->stdin_beep = DEFAULT_STDIN_BEEP; result->next->verbose = result->verbose; result->next->next = NULL; result = result->next; /* yes, I meant to do that. */ break; case 'X' : /* --debug / --verbose */ result->verbose = 1; break; case 'e' : /* also --device */ console_device = strdup(optarg); break; case 'h' : /* notice that this is also --help */ default : usage_bail(argv[0]); } } if (result->freq == 0) result->freq = DEFAULT_FREQ; } void play_beep(beep_parms_t parms) { int i; /* loop counter */ if(parms.verbose == 1) fprintf(stderr, "[DEBUG] %d times %d ms beeps (%d delay between, " "%d delay after) @ %.2f Hz\n", parms.reps, parms.length, parms.delay, parms.end_delay, parms.freq); /* try to snag the console */ if(console_device) console_fd = open(console_device, O_WRONLY); else if((console_fd = open("/dev/tty0", O_WRONLY)) == -1) console_fd = open("/dev/vc/0", O_WRONLY); if(console_fd == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s for writing\n", console_device != NULL ? console_device : "/dev/tty0 or /dev/vc/0"); printf("\a"); /* Output the only beep we can, in an effort to fall back on usefulness */ perror("open"); exit(1); } if (ioctl(console_fd, EVIOCGSND(0)) != -1) console_type = BEEP_TYPE_EVDEV; else console_type = BEEP_TYPE_CONSOLE; /* Beep */ for (i = 0; i < parms.reps; i++) { /* start beep */ do_beep(parms.freq); /* Look ma, I'm not ansi C compatible! */ usleep(1000*parms.length); /* wait... */ do_beep(0); /* stop beep */ if(parms.end_delay || (i+1 < parms.reps)) usleep(1000*parms.delay); /* wait... */ } /* repeat. */ close(console_fd); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { char sin[4096], *ptr; beep_parms_t *parms = (beep_parms_t *)malloc(sizeof(beep_parms_t)); parms->freq = 0; parms->length = DEFAULT_LENGTH; parms->reps = DEFAULT_REPS; parms->delay = DEFAULT_DELAY; parms->end_delay = DEFAULT_END_DELAY; parms->stdin_beep = DEFAULT_STDIN_BEEP; parms->verbose = 0; parms->next = NULL; signal(SIGINT, handle_signal); parse_command_line(argc, argv, parms); /* this outermost while loop handles the possibility that -n/--new has been used, i.e. that we have multiple beeps specified. Each iteration will play, then free() one parms instance. */ while(parms) { beep_parms_t *next = parms->next; if(parms->stdin_beep) { /* in this case, beep is probably part of a pipe, in which case POSIX says stdin and out should be fuly buffered. This however means very laggy performance with beep just twiddling it's thumbs until a buffer fills. Thus, kill the buffering. In some situations, this too won't be enough, namely if we're in the middle of a long pipe, and the processes feeding us stdin are buffered, we'll have to wait for them, not much to be done about that. */ setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0); setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0); while(fgets(sin, 4096, stdin)) { if(parms->stdin_beep==CHAR_STDIN_BEEP) { for(ptr=sin;*ptr;ptr++) { putchar(*ptr); fflush(stdout); play_beep(*parms); } } else { fputs(sin, stdout); play_beep(*parms); } } } else { play_beep(*parms); } /* Junk each parms struct after playing it */ free(parms); parms = next; } if(console_device) free(console_device); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } beep-1.3/CHANGELOG0000644000076600001200000000362311426020107013000 0ustar johnathadmin1.3 --- - 8 years have passed! - Integrated a bunch of Gerfried Fuchs' changes maintained for the debian version for years and years - Added him to the CREDITS, too. - Support for devfs, and alternate console devices. - Warnings about multiply-specified frequency - Debug mode 1.2.2 ----- - Man pages now gzip -9 for better compression - Table of frequencies added to man page - Fix for platforms with unsigned chars - On ioctl() errors, beep will now do a printf("\a") so that, at very least, youget a beep. :) 1.2.1 ----- - fixed segfault when handling long options 1.2.0 ----- - added -n/--new support - so beep FINALLY handles multiple beeps on a single command line. - -f now takes decimal frequencies, not just whole numbers. 1.0.2 ----- - Added more common -V option, as companion to -v and --version - README now addresses the question of multiple beeps, and composing music with beep. 1.0.1 ----- - Fixed some outdated comments in the source, and a typo in the man page. 1.0.0 ----- - added a SIGINT handler, so Ctrl-C no longer leaves the speaker wailing forever - added -v/--version and -h/--help support - updated man page - this release is changed from 0.8 to 1.0.0, it's worthy of it. Feature complete and no outstanding bugs that I know of. 0.6.1 ----- - changed man page to gzip format (instead of bzip2) - updated man page and README to explain ioctl problems 0.6 --- - added -D option. Both -d and -D set inter-repetition delay, but -D instructs beep to delay even after the last beep, where -d delays only between beeps, and terminates immediately after last beep. - incorporated Rick Franchuk's idea of stdin hooks - dear god -c is annoying. - added a man page 0.5 --- - changed over from manually parsing command line parms to getopt() - changed atoi() calls into sscanf() calls, to get more meaningful error handling 0.4 --- - first useable - initial options supported: -f, -l, -d, -r beep-1.3/COPYING0000644000076600001200000004312711426020107012624 0ustar johnathadmin GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. 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BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) 19yy This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. beep-1.3/CREDITS0000644000076600001200000000410111426020107012576 0ustar johnathadminI (Johnathan Nightingale) handled the original coding, distribution, maintenance, etc. Peter Tirsek (peter at tirsek dot com) filled me in on where the magical fairy number comes from (see beep.c). He also tracked down the relevant kernel code that causes the ioctl()s to die under certain conditions (see the README or man page sections on ioctl). He is truly a wonderful person. Andreas Hochsteger (e9625392 at student dot tuwien dot ac dot at) contributed several useful little patches, and was my inspiration for the -d/-D distinction. He's also thrown pointers my way about code packaging, which are appreciated. Rick Franchuk (rickf at transpect dot net) came up with the idea of the -s and -c stdin hooks. Since most people will be using beep to tell them when a new line pops up in log, or mail, or what-have-you, this was quite clever of him and though I really did mean to do it anyhow, he sent me the patch before I had bothered to write it, so he gets the credit. :) Serge Winitzki (winitzki at erebus.phys.cwru.edu) suggested having beep take floats for frequency, instead of int's. The guys at freshmeat.net really deserve a big ol whack of credit too, for running a very cool site in general, and for running one so successfully that my little 4k program generated literally hundreds of emails in reply. It gives one a great sense of community to see such an overwhelming response. In particular, fryguy[at]freshmeat (Ryan Weaver) rocks supremely, for packaging beep in RPM format, and maintaining said package until he decides not to. I really did mean to make a spec for it myself, but hey, when freshmeat offers to maintain your packages, you'd have to have a *real* good reason to say no. Most of all - and I write this nearly 10 years later, so I have the benefit of history on my side here - I would like to thank Gerfried Fuchs, who has tirelessly maintained beep in debian, along with a stack of patches, years after I stopped hacking on it in earnest. He is amazingly dedicated, and has a new son whom we would all be fortunate to have follow in his father's footsteps. beep-1.3/INSTALL0000644000076600001200000000050011426020107012606 0ustar johnathadminCouldn't be easier: make make install By default, it'll put the executable ("beep") in /usr/bin. If you don't like this, change the makefile as appropriate. This will get things off and running, but you'll probably want to check the man page section "IOCTL_WACKINESS" to see if you will need to fix any permissions.beep-1.3/Makefile0000644000076600001200000000045211426020107013223 0ustar johnathadminCC=gcc FLAGS=-Wall EXEC_NAME=beep INSTALL_DIR=/usr/bin MAN_FILE=beep.1.gz MAN_DIR=/usr/man/man1 default : beep clean : rm ${EXEC_NAME} beep : beep.c ${CC} ${FLAGS} -o ${EXEC_NAME} beep.c install : cp ${EXEC_NAME} ${INSTALL_DIR} # rm -f /usr/man/man1/beep.1.bz2 cp ${MAN_FILE} ${MAN_DIR} beep-1.3/README0000644000076600001200000001025711426020107012447 0ustar johnathadminIntro ----- I just got so tired of being limited to printf("\a"); when I wanted a terminal beep. This program isn't supposed to be anything stupendous, it's just supposed to get the job done. Its intended purpose in life is to live inside shell/perl scripts, and allow a little more granularity than you get with the default terminal bell. Maybe I'm the only one who thinks this is useful. :) If for any reason you decide you need to, contact me: johnath@johnath.com http://johnath.com/ And beep can generally be found at: http://johnath.com/beep/ For installation instructions, see INSTALL. For copying and (non-)warranty information, see COPYING. For usage information, check the man page. There is a github repository of this code at: git://github.com/johnath/beep.git A note about ioctl ------------------ As noted in the man page, some users are running into a situation where beep dies with a complaint from ioctl(). The reason for this, as Peter Tirsek was nice enough to point out to me, stems from how the kernel handles beep's attempt to poke at (for non-programmers: ioctl is a sort of catch-all function that lets you poke at things that have no other predefined poking-at mechanism) the tty, which is how it beeps. The short story is, the kernel checks that either: - you are the superuser - you own the current tty What this means is that root can always make beep work (to the best of my knowledge!), and that any local user can make beep work, BUT a non-root remote user cannot use beep in it's natural state. What's worse, an xterm, or other x-session counts, as far as the kernel is concerned, as 'remote', so beep won't work from a non-priviledged xterm either. I had originally chalked this up to a bug, but there's actually nothing I can do about it, and it really is a Good Thing that the kernel does things this way. There is also a solution. By default beep is not installed with the suid bit set, because that would just be zany. On the other hand, if you do make it suid root, all your problems with beep bailing on ioctl calls will magically vanish, which is pleasant, and the only reason not to is that any suid program is a potential security hole. Conveniently, beep is very short, so auditing it is pretty straightforward. Decide for yourself, of course, but it looks safe to me - there's only one buffer and fgets doesn't let it overflow, there's only one file opening, and while there is a potential race condition there, it's with /dev/console. If someone can exploit this race by replacing /dev/console, you've got bigger problems. :) So the quick solution is beep is not beeping when you want it to is: $ su Password: # chmod 4755 /usr/bin/beep (or wherever you put it) The one snag is that this will give any little nitwit the ability to run beep successfully - make sure this is what you want. If it isn't, a slightly more complex fix would be something like: # chgrp beep /usr/bin/beep # chmod 4750 /usr/bin/beep and then add only beep-worthy users to the 'beep' group. Playing Songs ------------- A surprising number of people have sent in requests, or even patches, to help beep play multiple, different sounds off a single invocation. I had always thought that if people wanted a more complex melody, they would just do something like: $ cat << EOF > song.sh #!/bin/sh beep beep etc... EOF Nevertheless, because of repeated and vociferous demand, version 1.2 (and presumably all later versions) include the -n/--new switch which allows you to use one command line to create multiple beeps. Check the man page for details. I have also had a couple people suggest that I encourage the development of such shell scripts/command lines, even collect the particularly melodious ones. Certainly if anyone feels like sending some to me, I will put them somewhere visible, or even include them as a sample. I think Dvorak's New World Symphony, 4th Movement, for example, would make a lovely shell script. I also wouldn't mind a rendition of BNL's If I had a million dollars. But by all means, be creative. All files copyright (C) Johnathan Nightingale, 2002. All files distributed under the GNU general public license.