c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405211010366 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405027011463 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/CVS/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405033012113 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/CVS/Root0000644000076400001440000000005007474404611012671 :pserver:tasin@lma.ee.fhm.edu:/home/cvs c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/CVS/Repository0000644000076400001440000000002607474404611014130 c_cpp_reference/admin c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/CVS/Entries0000644000076400001440000000170007474405033013361 /ChangeLog/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /depcomp/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /install-sh/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /ltcf-c.sh/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /ltcf-cxx.sh/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /ltcf-gcj.sh/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /ltconfig/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /ltmain.sh/1.1/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /Makefile.common/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /acinclude.m4.in/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /am_edit/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:52 2002// /am_edit.py/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:52 2002// /conf.change.pl/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /config.guess/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /config.pl/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /config.sub/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /configure.in.min/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /debianrules/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /libtool.m4.in/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /missing/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// /mkinstalldirs/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:52 2002// /ylwrap/1.2/Mon May 27 10:26:05 2002// D c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/depcomp0000644000076400001440000002465607474404675012776 #! /bin/sh # depcomp - compile a program generating dependencies as side-effects # Copyright 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) # any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA # 02111-1307, USA. # Originally written by Alexandre Oliva . if test -z "$depmode" || test -z "$source" || test -z "$object"; then echo "depcomp: Variables source, object and depmode must be set" 1>&2 exit 1 fi # `libtool' can also be set to `yes' or `no'. depfile=${depfile-`echo "$object" | sed 's,\([^/]*\)$,.deps/\1,;s/\.\([^.]*\)$/.P\1/'`} tmpdepfile=${tmpdepfile-`echo "$depfile" | sed 's/\.\([^.]*\)$/.T\1/'`} rm -f "$tmpdepfile" # Some modes work just like other modes, but use different flags. We # parameterize here, but still list the modes in the big case below, # to make depend.m4 easier to write. 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then $echo "$modename: warning: \`-export-symbols' is ignored for archives" 1>&2 fi # Now set the variables for building old libraries. build_libtool_libs=no oldlibs="$output" objs="$objs$old_deplibs" ;; lib) # Make sure we only generate libraries of the form `libNAME.la'. case $outputname in lib*) name=`$echo "X$outputname" | $Xsed -e 's/\.la$//' -e 's/^lib//'` eval libname=\"$libname_spec\" ;; *) if test "$module" = no; then $echo "$modename: libtool library \`$output' must begin with \`lib'" 1>&2 $echo "$help" 1>&2 exit 1 fi if test "$need_lib_prefix" != no; then # Add the "lib" prefix for modules if required name=`$echo "X$outputname" | $Xsed -e 's/\.la$//'` eval libname=\"$libname_spec\" else libname=`$echo "X$outputname" | $Xsed -e 's/\.la$//'` fi ;; esac if test -n "$objs"; then if test "$deplibs_check_method" != pass_all; then $echo "$modename: cannot build libtool library \`$output' from non-libtool objects on this host:$objs" 2>&1 exit 1 else echo echo "*** Warning: Linking the shared library $output against the non-libtool" echo "*** objects $objs is not portable!" libobjs="$libobjs $objs" fi fi if test "$dlself" != no; then $echo "$modename: warning: \`-dlopen self' is ignored for libtool libraries" 1>&2 fi set dummy $rpath if test $# -gt 2; then $echo "$modename: warning: ignoring multiple \`-rpath's for a libtool library" 1>&2 fi install_libdir="$2" oldlibs= if test -z "$rpath"; then if test "$build_libtool_libs" = yes; then # Building a libtool convenience library. # Some compilers have problems with a `.al' extension so # convenience libraries should have the same extension an # archive normally would. oldlibs="$output_objdir/$libname.$libext $oldlibs" build_libtool_libs=convenience build_old_libs=yes fi if test -n "$vinfo"; then $echo "$modename: warning: \`-version-info' is ignored for convenience libraries" 1>&2 fi if test -n "$release"; then $echo "$modename: warning: \`-release' is ignored for convenience libraries" 1>&2 fi else # Parse the version information argument. 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then case "$perm_rpath " in *" $libdir "*) ;; *) perm_rpath="$perm_rpath $libdir" ;; esac fi case $host in *-*-cygwin* | *-*-mingw* | *-*-pw32* | *-*-os2*) case :$dllsearchpath: in *":$libdir:"*) ;; *) dllsearchpath="$dllsearchpath:$libdir";; esac ;; esac done # Substitute the hardcoded libdirs into the rpath. if test -n "$hardcode_libdir_separator" && test -n "$hardcode_libdirs"; then libdir="$hardcode_libdirs" eval rpath=\" $hardcode_libdir_flag_spec\" fi compile_rpath="$rpath" rpath= hardcode_libdirs= for libdir in $finalize_rpath; do if test -n "$hardcode_libdir_flag_spec"; then if test -n "$hardcode_libdir_separator"; then if test -z "$hardcode_libdirs"; then hardcode_libdirs="$libdir" else # Just accumulate the unique libdirs. case $hardcode_libdir_separator$hardcode_libdirs$hardcode_libdir_separator in *"$hardcode_libdir_separator$libdir$hardcode_libdir_separator"*) ;; *) hardcode_libdirs="$hardcode_libdirs$hardcode_libdir_separator$libdir" ;; esac fi else eval flag=\"$hardcode_libdir_flag_spec\" rpath="$rpath $flag" fi elif test -n "$runpath_var"; then case "$finalize_perm_rpath " in *" $libdir "*) ;; *) finalize_perm_rpath="$finalize_perm_rpath $libdir" ;; esac fi done # Substitute the hardcoded libdirs into the rpath. if test -n "$hardcode_libdir_separator" && test -n "$hardcode_libdirs"; then libdir="$hardcode_libdirs" eval rpath=\" $hardcode_libdir_flag_spec\" fi finalize_rpath="$rpath" dlsyms= if test -n "$dlfiles$dlprefiles" || test "$dlself" != no; then if test -n "$NM" && test -n "$global_symbol_pipe"; then dlsyms="${outputname}S.c" else $echo "$modename: not configured to extract global symbols from dlpreopened files" 1>&2 fi fi if test -n "$dlsyms"; then case $dlsyms in "") ;; *.c) # Discover the nlist of each of the dlfiles. nlist="$output_objdir/${outputname}.nm" $show "$rm $nlist ${nlist}S ${nlist}T" $run $rm "$nlist" "${nlist}S" "${nlist}T" # Parse the name list into a source file. $show "creating $output_objdir/$dlsyms" test -z "$run" && $echo > "$output_objdir/$dlsyms" "\ /* $dlsyms - symbol resolution table for \`$outputname' dlsym emulation. */ /* Generated by $PROGRAM - GNU $PACKAGE $VERSION$TIMESTAMP */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern \"C\" { #endif /* Prevent the only kind of declaration conflicts we can make. */ #define lt_preloaded_symbols some_other_symbol /* External symbol declarations for the compiler. */\ " if test "$dlself" = yes; 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/* This works around a problem in FreeBSD linker */ #ifdef FREEBSD_WORKAROUND static const void *lt_preloaded_setup() { return lt_preloaded_symbols; } #endif #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif\ " fi pic_flag_for_symtable= case $host in # compiling the symbol table file with pic_flag works around # a FreeBSD bug that causes programs to crash when -lm is # linked before any other PIC object. 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Malformed pattern in $ac_cs_root.subs ($pat)" unless ( $pat =~ /^\s*$/ ); # ignore white lines } } } undef @subs; # read the list of files to be patched, form: # ./Makefile arts/Makefile arts/examples/Makefile arts/flow/Makefile open(CF, "< $ac_sacfiles") || die "can't open $ac_sacfiles: $!"; my @ac_files = ; close(CF); chomp @ac_files; my $ac_file; foreach $ac_file (@ac_files) { next if $ac_file =~ /\.\./; next if $ac_file =~ /^\s*$/; my $ac_file_in; my ($ac_dir, $ac_dots, $ac_dir_suffix); if ($ac_file =~ /.*:.*/ ) { ($ac_file_in = $ac_file) =~ s%[^:]*:%%; $ac_file =~ s%:.*%%; } else { $ac_file_in = $ac_file.".in"; } # Adjust a relative srcdir, top_srcdir, and INSTALL for subdirectories. # Remove last slash and all that follows it. Not all systems have dirname. ($ac_dir = $ac_file) =~ s%/[^/][^/]*$%%; if ( ($ac_dir ne $ac_file) && ($ac_dir ne ".")) { # The file is in a subdirectory. if (! -d "$ac_dir") { mkdir "$ac_dir", 0777; } ($ac_dir_suffix = $ac_dir) =~ s%^./%%; $ac_dir_suffix="/".$ac_dir_suffix; # A "../" for each directory in $ac_dir_suffix. ($ac_dots = $ac_dir_suffix) =~ s%/[^/]*%../%g; } else { $ac_dir_suffix=""; $ac_dots=""; } if ($ac_given_srcdir eq ".") { $srcdir="."; if ($ac_dots) { ( $top_srcdir = $ac_dots) =~ s%/$%%; } else { $top_srcdir="."; } } elsif ($ac_given_srcdir =~ m%^/%) { $srcdir=$ac_given_srcdir.$ac_dir_suffix; $top_srcdir = $ac_given_srcdir; } else { $srcdir = $ac_dots.$ac_given_srcdir.$ac_dir_suffix; $top_srcdir = $ac_dots.$ac_given_srcdir; } if ($ac_given_INSTALL) { if ($ac_given_INSTALL =~ m%^/% ) { $INSTALL = $ac_given_INSTALL; } else { $INSTALL = $ac_dots.$ac_given_INSTALL; } } print "fast creating $ac_file\n"; unlink $ac_file; my $ac_comsub=""; my $fname=$ac_file_in; $fname =~ s%.*/%%; my $configure_input="Generated automatically from $fname by config.pl."; if ($ac_file =~ /.*[Mm]akefile.*/) { $ac_comsub="# ".$configure_input."\n"; # for the first line in $ac_file } my $ac_file_inputs; ($ac_file_inputs = $ac_file_in) =~ s%^%$ac_given_srcdir/%; $ac_file_inputs =~ s%:% $ac_given_srcdir/%g; patch_file($ac_file, $ac_file_inputs, $ac_comsub); } sub patch_file { my ($outf, $infiles, $firstline) = @_; my $filedata; my @infiles=split(' ', $infiles); my $i=0; if ($firstline) { $filedata = $firstline; } foreach my $name (@infiles) { if (open(CF, "< $name")) { while () { $filedata .= $_; } close(CF); } else { print STDERR "can't open $name: $!"."\n"; } } $filedata =~ s%\@configure_input\@%$configure_input%g; $filedata =~ s%\@srcdir\@%$srcdir%g; $filedata =~ s%\@top_srcdir\@%$top_srcdir%g; $filedata =~ s%\@INSTALL\@%$INSTALL%g; if ($bad_perl) { while ($i <= $#comp_subs) { my $ref = $comp_subs[$i]; &$ref(\$filedata); $i++; } } else { while ($i <= $#comp_match) { $filedata =~ s/$comp_match[$i]/$comp_subs[$i]/g; $i++; } } open(CF, "> $outf") || die "can't create $outf: $!"; print CF $filedata; close(CF); } sub make_closure { my ($pat, $sub) = @_; $pat =~ s/\@/\\@/g; # @bla@ -> \@bla\@ $pat =~ s/\$/\\\$/g; # $bla -> \$bla $sub =~ s/\@/\\@/g; $sub =~ s/\$/\\\$/g; my $ret = eval "return sub { my \$ref=shift; \$\$ref =~ s%$pat%$sub%g; }"; if ($@) { print "can't create CODE: $@\n"; } return $ret; } c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/configure.in.min0000644000076400001440000000356107474404675014507 dnl This file is part of the KDE libraries/packages dnl Copyright (C) 2001 Stephan Kulow (coolo@kde.org) dnl This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public dnl License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either dnl version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. dnl This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU dnl Library General Public License for more details. dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License dnl along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to dnl the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, dnl Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. # Original Author was Kalle@kde.org # I lifted it in some mater. (Stephan Kulow) # I used much code from Janos Farkas dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_INIT(acinclude.m4) dnl a source file from your sub dir dnl This is so we can use kde-common AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(admin) dnl This ksh/zsh feature conflicts with `cd blah ; pwd` unset CDPATH dnl Checking host/target/build systems, for make, install etc. AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM dnl Perform program name transformation AC_ARG_PROGRAM dnl Automake doc recommends to do this only here. (Janos) AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(@MODULENAME@, @VERSION@) dnl searches for some needed programs KDE_SET_PREFIX dnl generate the config header AM_CONFIG_HEADER(config.h) dnl at the distribution this done dnl Checks for programs. AC_CHECK_COMPILERS AC_ENABLE_SHARED(yes) AC_ENABLE_STATIC(no) KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL dnl for NLS support. Call them in this order! dnl WITH_NLS is for the po files AM_KDE_WITH_NLS AC_PATH_KDE c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/config.guess0000644000076400001440000011302007474404675013721 #! /bin/sh # Attempt to guess a canonical system name. # Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 # Free Software Foundation, Inc. timestamp='2001-08-21' # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. # # As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you # distribute this file as part of a program that contains a # configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under # the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program. # Written by Per Bothner . # Please send patches to . # # This script attempts to guess a canonical system name similar to # config.sub. If it succeeds, it prints the system name on stdout, and # exits with 0. Otherwise, it exits with 1. # # The plan is that this can be called by configure scripts if you # don't specify an explicit build system type. me=`echo "$0" | sed -e 's,.*/,,'` usage="\ Usage: $0 [OPTION] Output the configuration name of the system \`$me' is run on. Operation modes: -h, --help print this help, then exit -t, --time-stamp print date of last modification, then exit -v, --version print version number, then exit Report bugs and patches to ." version="\ GNU config.guess ($timestamp) Originally written by Per Bothner. Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE." help=" Try \`$me --help' for more information." # Parse command line while test $# -gt 0 ; do case $1 in --time-stamp | --time* | -t ) echo "$timestamp" ; exit 0 ;; --version | -v ) echo "$version" ; exit 0 ;; --help | --h* | -h ) echo "$usage"; exit 0 ;; -- ) # Stop option processing shift; break ;; - ) # Use stdin as input. break ;; -* ) echo "$me: invalid option $1$help" >&2 exit 1 ;; * ) break ;; esac done if test $# != 0; then echo "$me: too many arguments$help" >&2 exit 1 fi dummy=dummy-$$ trap 'rm -f $dummy.c $dummy.o $dummy.rel $dummy; exit 1' 1 2 15 # CC_FOR_BUILD -- compiler used by this script. # Historically, `CC_FOR_BUILD' used to be named `HOST_CC'. We still # use `HOST_CC' if defined, but it is deprecated. set_cc_for_build='case $CC_FOR_BUILD,$HOST_CC,$CC in ,,) echo "int dummy(){}" > $dummy.c ; for c in cc gcc c89 ; do ($c $dummy.c -c -o $dummy.o) >/dev/null 2>&1 ; if test $? = 0 ; then CC_FOR_BUILD="$c"; break ; fi ; done ; rm -f $dummy.c $dummy.o $dummy.rel ; if test x"$CC_FOR_BUILD" = x ; then CC_FOR_BUILD=no_compiler_found ; fi ;; ,,*) CC_FOR_BUILD=$CC ;; ,*,*) CC_FOR_BUILD=$HOST_CC ;; esac' # This is needed to find uname on a Pyramid OSx when run in the BSD universe. # (ghazi@noc.rutgers.edu 1994-08-24) if (test -f /.attbin/uname) >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then PATH=$PATH:/.attbin ; export PATH fi UNAME_MACHINE=`(uname -m) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_MACHINE=unknown UNAME_RELEASE=`(uname -r) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_RELEASE=unknown UNAME_SYSTEM=`(uname -s) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_SYSTEM=unknown UNAME_VERSION=`(uname -v) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_VERSION=unknown # Note: order is significant - the case branches are not exclusive. case "${UNAME_MACHINE}:${UNAME_SYSTEM}:${UNAME_RELEASE}:${UNAME_VERSION}" in *:NetBSD:*:*) # Netbsd (nbsd) targets should (where applicable) match one or # more of the tupples: *-*-netbsdelf*, *-*-netbsdaout*, # *-*-netbsdecoff* and *-*-netbsd*. For targets that recently # switched to ELF, *-*-netbsd* would select the old # object file format. This provides both forward # compatibility and a consistent mechanism for selecting the # object file format. # Determine the machine/vendor (is the vendor relevant). case "${UNAME_MACHINE}" in amiga) machine=m68k-unknown ;; arm32) machine=arm-unknown ;; atari*) machine=m68k-atari ;; sun3*) machine=m68k-sun ;; mac68k) machine=m68k-apple ;; macppc) machine=powerpc-apple ;; hp3[0-9][05]) machine=m68k-hp ;; ibmrt|romp-ibm) machine=romp-ibm ;; *) machine=${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown ;; esac # The Operating System including object format, if it has switched # to ELF recently, or will in the future. case "${UNAME_MACHINE}" in i386|sparc|amiga|arm*|hp300|mvme68k|vax|atari|luna68k|mac68k|news68k|next68k|pc532|sun3*|x68k) eval $set_cc_for_build if echo __ELF__ | $CC_FOR_BUILD -E - 2>/dev/null \ | grep __ELF__ >/dev/null then # Once all utilities can be ECOFF (netbsdecoff) or a.out (netbsdaout). # Return netbsd for either. FIX? os=netbsd else os=netbsdelf fi ;; *) os=netbsd ;; esac # The OS release release=`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[-_].*/\./'` # Since CPU_TYPE-MANUFACTURER-KERNEL-OPERATING_SYSTEM: # contains redundant information, the shorter form: # CPU_TYPE-MANUFACTURER-OPERATING_SYSTEM is used. echo "${machine}-${os}${release}" exit 0 ;; alpha:OSF1:*:*) if test $UNAME_RELEASE = "V4.0"; then UNAME_RELEASE=`/usr/sbin/sizer -v | awk '{print $3}'` fi # A Vn.n version is a released version. # A Tn.n version is a released field test version. # A Xn.n version is an unreleased experimental baselevel. # 1.2 uses "1.2" for uname -r. cat <$dummy.s .data \$Lformat: .byte 37,100,45,37,120,10,0 # "%d-%x\n" .text .globl main .align 4 .ent main main: .frame \$30,16,\$26,0 ldgp \$29,0(\$27) .prologue 1 .long 0x47e03d80 # implver \$0 lda \$2,-1 .long 0x47e20c21 # amask \$2,\$1 lda \$16,\$Lformat mov \$0,\$17 not \$1,\$18 jsr \$26,printf ldgp \$29,0(\$26) mov 0,\$16 jsr \$26,exit .end main EOF eval $set_cc_for_build $CC_FOR_BUILD $dummy.s -o $dummy 2>/dev/null if test "$?" = 0 ; then case `./$dummy` in 0-0) UNAME_MACHINE="alpha" ;; 1-0) UNAME_MACHINE="alphaev5" ;; 1-1) UNAME_MACHINE="alphaev56" ;; 1-101) UNAME_MACHINE="alphapca56" ;; 2-303) UNAME_MACHINE="alphaev6" ;; 2-307) UNAME_MACHINE="alphaev67" ;; 2-1307) UNAME_MACHINE="alphaev68" ;; esac fi rm -f $dummy.s $dummy echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-dec-osf`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/^[VTX]//' | tr 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'` exit 0 ;; Alpha\ *:Windows_NT*:*) # How do we know it's Interix rather than the generic POSIX subsystem? # Should we change UNAME_MACHINE based on the output of uname instead # of the specific Alpha model? echo alpha-pc-interix exit 0 ;; 21064:Windows_NT:50:3) echo alpha-dec-winnt3.5 exit 0 ;; Amiga*:UNIX_System_V:4.0:*) echo m68k-unknown-sysv4 exit 0;; amiga:OpenBSD:*:*) echo m68k-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:[Aa]miga[Oo][Ss]:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-amigaos exit 0 ;; arc64:OpenBSD:*:*) echo mips64el-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; arc:OpenBSD:*:*) echo mipsel-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; hkmips:OpenBSD:*:*) echo mips-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; pmax:OpenBSD:*:*) echo mipsel-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; sgi:OpenBSD:*:*) echo mips-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; wgrisc:OpenBSD:*:*) echo mipsel-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:OS/390:*:*) echo i370-ibm-openedition exit 0 ;; arm:RISC*:1.[012]*:*|arm:riscix:1.[012]*:*) echo arm-acorn-riscix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0;; SR2?01:HI-UX/MPP:*:* | SR8000:HI-UX/MPP:*:*) echo hppa1.1-hitachi-hiuxmpp exit 0;; Pyramid*:OSx*:*:* | MIS*:OSx*:*:* | MIS*:SMP_DC-OSx*:*:*) # akee@wpdis03.wpafb.af.mil (Earle F. Ake) contributed MIS and NILE. if test "`(/bin/universe) 2>/dev/null`" = att ; then echo pyramid-pyramid-sysv3 else echo pyramid-pyramid-bsd fi exit 0 ;; NILE*:*:*:dcosx) echo pyramid-pyramid-svr4 exit 0 ;; sun4H:SunOS:5.*:*) echo sparc-hal-solaris2`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*//'` exit 0 ;; sun4*:SunOS:5.*:* | tadpole*:SunOS:5.*:*) echo sparc-sun-solaris2`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*//'` exit 0 ;; i86pc:SunOS:5.*:*) echo i386-pc-solaris2`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*//'` exit 0 ;; sun4*:SunOS:6*:*) # According to config.sub, this is the proper way to canonicalize # SunOS6. Hard to guess exactly what SunOS6 will be like, but # it's likely to be more like Solaris than SunOS4. echo sparc-sun-solaris3`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*//'` exit 0 ;; sun4*:SunOS:*:*) case "`/usr/bin/arch -k`" in Series*|S4*) UNAME_RELEASE=`uname -v` ;; esac # Japanese Language versions have a version number like `4.1.3-JL'. echo sparc-sun-sunos`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/-/_/'` exit 0 ;; sun3*:SunOS:*:*) echo m68k-sun-sunos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; sun*:*:4.2BSD:*) UNAME_RELEASE=`(head -1 /etc/motd | awk '{print substr($5,1,3)}') 2>/dev/null` test "x${UNAME_RELEASE}" = "x" && UNAME_RELEASE=3 case "`/bin/arch`" in sun3) echo m68k-sun-sunos${UNAME_RELEASE} ;; sun4) echo sparc-sun-sunos${UNAME_RELEASE} ;; esac exit 0 ;; aushp:SunOS:*:*) echo sparc-auspex-sunos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; sparc*:NetBSD:*) echo `uname -p`-unknown-netbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; atari*:OpenBSD:*:*) echo m68k-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; # The situation for MiNT is a little confusing. The machine name # can be virtually everything (everything which is not # "atarist" or "atariste" at least should have a processor # > m68000). The system name ranges from "MiNT" over "FreeMiNT" # to the lowercase version "mint" (or "freemint"). Finally # the system name "TOS" denotes a system which is actually not # MiNT. But MiNT is downward compatible to TOS, so this should # be no problem. atarist[e]:*MiNT:*:* | atarist[e]:*mint:*:* | atarist[e]:*TOS:*:*) echo m68k-atari-mint${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; atari*:*MiNT:*:* | atari*:*mint:*:* | atarist[e]:*TOS:*:*) echo m68k-atari-mint${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *falcon*:*MiNT:*:* | *falcon*:*mint:*:* | *falcon*:*TOS:*:*) echo m68k-atari-mint${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; milan*:*MiNT:*:* | milan*:*mint:*:* | *milan*:*TOS:*:*) echo m68k-milan-mint${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; hades*:*MiNT:*:* | hades*:*mint:*:* | *hades*:*TOS:*:*) echo m68k-hades-mint${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:*MiNT:*:* | *:*mint:*:* | *:*TOS:*:*) echo m68k-unknown-mint${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; sun3*:OpenBSD:*:*) echo m68k-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; mac68k:OpenBSD:*:*) echo m68k-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; mvme68k:OpenBSD:*:*) echo m68k-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; mvme88k:OpenBSD:*:*) echo m88k-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; powerpc:machten:*:*) echo powerpc-apple-machten${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; RISC*:Mach:*:*) echo mips-dec-mach_bsd4.3 exit 0 ;; RISC*:ULTRIX:*:*) echo mips-dec-ultrix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; VAX*:ULTRIX*:*:*) echo vax-dec-ultrix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; 2020:CLIX:*:* | 2430:CLIX:*:*) echo clipper-intergraph-clix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; mips:*:*:UMIPS | mips:*:*:RISCos) sed 's/^ //' << EOF >$dummy.c #ifdef __cplusplus #include /* for printf() prototype */ int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { #else int main (argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { #endif #if defined (host_mips) && defined (MIPSEB) #if defined (SYSTYPE_SYSV) printf ("mips-mips-riscos%ssysv\n", argv[1]); exit (0); #endif #if defined (SYSTYPE_SVR4) printf ("mips-mips-riscos%ssvr4\n", argv[1]); exit (0); #endif #if defined (SYSTYPE_BSD43) || defined(SYSTYPE_BSD) printf ("mips-mips-riscos%sbsd\n", argv[1]); exit (0); #endif #endif exit (-1); } EOF eval $set_cc_for_build $CC_FOR_BUILD $dummy.c -o $dummy \ && ./$dummy `echo "${UNAME_RELEASE}" | sed -n 's/\([0-9]*\).*/\1/p'` \ && rm -f $dummy.c $dummy && exit 0 rm -f $dummy.c $dummy echo mips-mips-riscos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; Motorola:PowerMAX_OS:*:*) echo powerpc-motorola-powermax exit 0 ;; Night_Hawk:Power_UNIX:*:*) echo powerpc-harris-powerunix exit 0 ;; m88k:CX/UX:7*:*) echo m88k-harris-cxux7 exit 0 ;; m88k:*:4*:R4*) echo m88k-motorola-sysv4 exit 0 ;; m88k:*:3*:R3*) echo m88k-motorola-sysv3 exit 0 ;; AViiON:dgux:*:*) # DG/UX returns AViiON for all architectures UNAME_PROCESSOR=`/usr/bin/uname -p` if [ $UNAME_PROCESSOR = mc88100 ] || [ $UNAME_PROCESSOR = mc88110 ] then if [ ${TARGET_BINARY_INTERFACE}x = m88kdguxelfx ] || \ [ ${TARGET_BINARY_INTERFACE}x = x ] then echo m88k-dg-dgux${UNAME_RELEASE} else echo m88k-dg-dguxbcs${UNAME_RELEASE} fi else echo i586-dg-dgux${UNAME_RELEASE} fi exit 0 ;; M88*:DolphinOS:*:*) # DolphinOS (SVR3) echo m88k-dolphin-sysv3 exit 0 ;; M88*:*:R3*:*) # Delta 88k system running SVR3 echo m88k-motorola-sysv3 exit 0 ;; XD88*:*:*:*) # Tektronix XD88 system running UTekV (SVR3) echo m88k-tektronix-sysv3 exit 0 ;; Tek43[0-9][0-9]:UTek:*:*) # Tektronix 4300 system running UTek (BSD) echo m68k-tektronix-bsd exit 0 ;; *:IRIX*:*:*) echo mips-sgi-irix`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/-/_/g'` exit 0 ;; ????????:AIX?:[12].1:2) # AIX 2.2.1 or AIX 2.1.1 is RT/PC AIX. echo romp-ibm-aix # uname -m gives an 8 hex-code CPU id exit 0 ;; # Note that: echo "'`uname -s`'" gives 'AIX ' i*86:AIX:*:*) echo i386-ibm-aix exit 0 ;; ia64:AIX:*:*) if [ -x /usr/bin/oslevel ] ; then IBM_REV=`/usr/bin/oslevel` else IBM_REV=${UNAME_VERSION}.${UNAME_RELEASE} fi echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-ibm-aix${IBM_REV} exit 0 ;; *:AIX:2:3) if grep bos325 /usr/include/stdio.h >/dev/null 2>&1; then sed 's/^ //' << EOF >$dummy.c #include main() { if (!__power_pc()) exit(1); puts("powerpc-ibm-aix3.2.5"); exit(0); } EOF eval $set_cc_for_build $CC_FOR_BUILD $dummy.c -o $dummy && ./$dummy && rm -f $dummy.c $dummy && exit 0 rm -f $dummy.c $dummy echo rs6000-ibm-aix3.2.5 elif grep bos324 /usr/include/stdio.h >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo rs6000-ibm-aix3.2.4 else echo rs6000-ibm-aix3.2 fi exit 0 ;; *:AIX:*:[45]) IBM_CPU_ID=`/usr/sbin/lsdev -C -c processor -S available | head -1 | awk '{ print $1 }'` if /usr/sbin/lsattr -El ${IBM_CPU_ID} | grep ' POWER' >/dev/null 2>&1; then IBM_ARCH=rs6000 else IBM_ARCH=powerpc fi if [ -x /usr/bin/oslevel ] ; then IBM_REV=`/usr/bin/oslevel` else IBM_REV=${UNAME_VERSION}.${UNAME_RELEASE} fi echo ${IBM_ARCH}-ibm-aix${IBM_REV} exit 0 ;; *:AIX:*:*) echo rs6000-ibm-aix exit 0 ;; ibmrt:4.4BSD:*|romp-ibm:BSD:*) echo romp-ibm-bsd4.4 exit 0 ;; ibmrt:*BSD:*|romp-ibm:BSD:*) # covers RT/PC BSD and echo romp-ibm-bsd${UNAME_RELEASE} # 4.3 with uname added to exit 0 ;; # report: romp-ibm BSD 4.3 *:BOSX:*:*) echo rs6000-bull-bosx exit 0 ;; DPX/2?00:B.O.S.:*:*) echo m68k-bull-sysv3 exit 0 ;; 9000/[34]??:4.3bsd:1.*:*) echo m68k-hp-bsd exit 0 ;; hp300:4.4BSD:*:* | 9000/[34]??:4.3bsd:2.*:*) echo m68k-hp-bsd4.4 exit 0 ;; 9000/[34678]??:HP-UX:*:*) HPUX_REV=`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*.[0B]*//'` case "${UNAME_MACHINE}" in 9000/31? ) HP_ARCH=m68000 ;; 9000/[34]?? ) HP_ARCH=m68k ;; 9000/[678][0-9][0-9]) case "${HPUX_REV}" in 11.[0-9][0-9]) if [ -x /usr/bin/getconf ]; then sc_cpu_version=`/usr/bin/getconf SC_CPU_VERSION 2>/dev/null` sc_kernel_bits=`/usr/bin/getconf SC_KERNEL_BITS 2>/dev/null` case "${sc_cpu_version}" in 523) HP_ARCH="hppa1.0" ;; # CPU_PA_RISC1_0 528) HP_ARCH="hppa1.1" ;; # CPU_PA_RISC1_1 532) # CPU_PA_RISC2_0 case "${sc_kernel_bits}" in 32) HP_ARCH="hppa2.0n" ;; 64) HP_ARCH="hppa2.0w" ;; esac ;; esac fi ;; esac if [ "${HP_ARCH}" = "" ]; then sed 's/^ //' << EOF >$dummy.c #define _HPUX_SOURCE #include #include int main () { #if defined(_SC_KERNEL_BITS) long bits = sysconf(_SC_KERNEL_BITS); #endif long cpu = sysconf (_SC_CPU_VERSION); switch (cpu) { case CPU_PA_RISC1_0: puts ("hppa1.0"); break; case CPU_PA_RISC1_1: puts ("hppa1.1"); break; case CPU_PA_RISC2_0: #if defined(_SC_KERNEL_BITS) switch (bits) { case 64: puts ("hppa2.0w"); break; case 32: puts ("hppa2.0n"); break; default: puts ("hppa2.0"); break; } break; #else /* !defined(_SC_KERNEL_BITS) */ puts ("hppa2.0"); break; #endif default: puts ("hppa1.0"); break; } exit (0); } EOF eval $set_cc_for_build (CCOPTS= $CC_FOR_BUILD $dummy.c -o $dummy 2>/dev/null ) && HP_ARCH=`./$dummy` if test -z "$HP_ARCH"; then HP_ARCH=hppa; fi rm -f $dummy.c $dummy fi ;; esac echo ${HP_ARCH}-hp-hpux${HPUX_REV} exit 0 ;; ia64:HP-UX:*:*) HPUX_REV=`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*.[0B]*//'` echo ia64-hp-hpux${HPUX_REV} exit 0 ;; 3050*:HI-UX:*:*) sed 's/^ //' << EOF >$dummy.c #include int main () { long cpu = sysconf (_SC_CPU_VERSION); /* The order matters, because CPU_IS_HP_MC68K erroneously returns true for CPU_PA_RISC1_0. CPU_IS_PA_RISC returns correct results, however. */ if (CPU_IS_PA_RISC (cpu)) { switch (cpu) { case CPU_PA_RISC1_0: puts ("hppa1.0-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; case CPU_PA_RISC1_1: puts ("hppa1.1-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; case CPU_PA_RISC2_0: puts ("hppa2.0-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; default: puts ("hppa-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; } } else if (CPU_IS_HP_MC68K (cpu)) puts ("m68k-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); else puts ("unknown-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); exit (0); } EOF eval $set_cc_for_build $CC_FOR_BUILD $dummy.c -o $dummy && ./$dummy && rm -f $dummy.c $dummy && exit 0 rm -f $dummy.c $dummy echo unknown-hitachi-hiuxwe2 exit 0 ;; 9000/7??:4.3bsd:*:* | 9000/8?[79]:4.3bsd:*:* ) echo hppa1.1-hp-bsd exit 0 ;; 9000/8??:4.3bsd:*:*) echo hppa1.0-hp-bsd exit 0 ;; *9??*:MPE/iX:*:* | *3000*:MPE/iX:*:*) echo hppa1.0-hp-mpeix exit 0 ;; hp7??:OSF1:*:* | hp8?[79]:OSF1:*:* ) echo hppa1.1-hp-osf exit 0 ;; hp8??:OSF1:*:*) echo hppa1.0-hp-osf exit 0 ;; i*86:OSF1:*:*) if [ -x /usr/sbin/sysversion ] ; then echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-osf1mk else echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-osf1 fi exit 0 ;; parisc*:Lites*:*:*) echo hppa1.1-hp-lites exit 0 ;; hppa*:OpenBSD:*:*) echo hppa-unknown-openbsd exit 0 ;; C1*:ConvexOS:*:* | convex:ConvexOS:C1*:*) echo c1-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; C2*:ConvexOS:*:* | convex:ConvexOS:C2*:*) if getsysinfo -f scalar_acc then echo c32-convex-bsd else echo c2-convex-bsd fi exit 0 ;; C34*:ConvexOS:*:* | convex:ConvexOS:C34*:*) echo c34-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; C38*:ConvexOS:*:* | convex:ConvexOS:C38*:*) echo c38-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; C4*:ConvexOS:*:* | convex:ConvexOS:C4*:*) echo c4-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; CRAY*X-MP:*:*:*) echo xmp-cray-unicos exit 0 ;; CRAY*Y-MP:*:*:*) echo ymp-cray-unicos${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/\.[^.]*$/.X/' exit 0 ;; CRAY*[A-Z]90:*:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-cray-unicos${UNAME_RELEASE} \ | sed -e 's/CRAY.*\([A-Z]90\)/\1/' \ -e y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/ \ -e 's/\.[^.]*$/.X/' exit 0 ;; CRAY*TS:*:*:*) echo t90-cray-unicos${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/\.[^.]*$/.X/' exit 0 ;; CRAY*T3D:*:*:*) echo alpha-cray-unicosmk${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/\.[^.]*$/.X/' exit 0 ;; CRAY*T3E:*:*:*) echo alphaev5-cray-unicosmk${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/\.[^.]*$/.X/' exit 0 ;; CRAY*SV1:*:*:*) echo sv1-cray-unicos${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/\.[^.]*$/.X/' exit 0 ;; CRAY-2:*:*:*) echo cray2-cray-unicos exit 0 ;; F30[01]:UNIX_System_V:*:* | F700:UNIX_System_V:*:*) FUJITSU_PROC=`uname -m | tr 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'` FUJITSU_SYS=`uname -p | tr 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' | sed -e 's/\///'` FUJITSU_REL=`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/ /_/'` echo "${FUJITSU_PROC}-fujitsu-${FUJITSU_SYS}${FUJITSU_REL}" exit 0 ;; hp300:OpenBSD:*:*) echo m68k-unknown-openbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; i*86:BSD/386:*:* | i*86:BSD/OS:*:* | *:Ascend\ Embedded/OS:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-bsdi${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; sparc*:BSD/OS:*:*) echo sparc-unknown-bsdi${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:BSD/OS:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-bsdi${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:FreeBSD:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-freebsd`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[-(].*//'` exit 0 ;; *:OpenBSD:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-openbsd`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[-_].*/\./'` exit 0 ;; i*:CYGWIN*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-cygwin exit 0 ;; i*:MINGW*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-mingw32 exit 0 ;; i*:PW*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-pw32 exit 0 ;; i*:Windows_NT*:* | Pentium*:Windows_NT*:*) # How do we know it's Interix rather than the generic POSIX subsystem? # It also conflicts with pre-2.0 versions of AT&T UWIN. Should we # UNAME_MACHINE based on the output of uname instead of i386? echo i386-pc-interix exit 0 ;; i*:UWIN*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-uwin exit 0 ;; p*:CYGWIN*:*) echo powerpcle-unknown-cygwin exit 0 ;; prep*:SunOS:5.*:*) echo powerpcle-unknown-solaris2`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*//'` exit 0 ;; *:GNU:*:*) echo `echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}|sed -e 's,[-/].*$,,'`-unknown-gnu`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's,/.*$,,'` exit 0 ;; i*86:Minix:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-minix exit 0 ;; arm*:Linux:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; ia64:Linux:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-linux exit 0 ;; m68*:Linux:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; mips:Linux:*:*) case `sed -n '/^byte/s/^.*: \(.*\) endian/\1/p' < /proc/cpuinfo` in big) echo mips-unknown-linux-gnu && exit 0 ;; little) echo mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu && exit 0 ;; esac ;; ppc:Linux:*:*) echo powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; ppc64:Linux:*:*) echo powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; alpha:Linux:*:*) case `sed -n '/^cpu model/s/^.*: \(.*\)/\1/p' < /proc/cpuinfo` in EV5) UNAME_MACHINE=alphaev5 ;; EV56) UNAME_MACHINE=alphaev56 ;; PCA56) UNAME_MACHINE=alphapca56 ;; PCA57) UNAME_MACHINE=alphapca56 ;; EV6) UNAME_MACHINE=alphaev6 ;; EV67) UNAME_MACHINE=alphaev67 ;; EV68*) UNAME_MACHINE=alphaev68 ;; esac objdump --private-headers /bin/sh | grep ld.so.1 >/dev/null if test "$?" = 0 ; then LIBC="libc1" ; else LIBC="" ; fi echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-linux-gnu${LIBC} exit 0 ;; parisc:Linux:*:* | hppa:Linux:*:*) # Look for CPU level case `grep '^cpu[^a-z]*:' /proc/cpuinfo 2>/dev/null | cut -d' ' -f2` in PA7*) echo hppa1.1-unknown-linux-gnu ;; PA8*) echo hppa2.0-unknown-linux-gnu ;; *) echo hppa-unknown-linux-gnu ;; esac exit 0 ;; parisc64:Linux:*:* | hppa64:Linux:*:*) echo hppa64-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; s390:Linux:*:* | s390x:Linux:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-ibm-linux exit 0 ;; sh*:Linux:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; sparc:Linux:*:* | sparc64:Linux:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; x86_64:Linux:*:*) echo x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu exit 0 ;; i*86:Linux:*:*) # The BFD linker knows what the default object file format is, so # first see if it will tell us. cd to the root directory to prevent # problems with other programs or directories called `ld' in the path. ld_supported_targets=`cd /; ld --help 2>&1 \ | sed -ne '/supported targets:/!d s/[ ][ ]*/ /g s/.*supported targets: *// s/ .*// p'` case "$ld_supported_targets" in elf32-i386) TENTATIVE="${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-linux-gnu" ;; a.out-i386-linux) echo "${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-linux-gnuaout" exit 0 ;; coff-i386) echo "${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-linux-gnucoff" exit 0 ;; "") # Either a pre-BFD a.out linker (linux-gnuoldld) or # one that does not give us useful --help. echo "${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-linux-gnuoldld" exit 0 ;; esac # Determine whether the default compiler is a.out or elf cat >$dummy.c < #ifdef __cplusplus #include /* for printf() prototype */ int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { #else int main (argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { #endif #ifdef __ELF__ # ifdef __GLIBC__ # if __GLIBC__ >= 2 printf ("%s-pc-linux-gnu\n", argv[1]); # else printf ("%s-pc-linux-gnulibc1\n", argv[1]); # endif # else printf ("%s-pc-linux-gnulibc1\n", argv[1]); # endif #else printf ("%s-pc-linux-gnuaout\n", argv[1]); #endif return 0; } EOF eval $set_cc_for_build $CC_FOR_BUILD $dummy.c -o $dummy 2>/dev/null && ./$dummy "${UNAME_MACHINE}" && rm -f $dummy.c $dummy && exit 0 rm -f $dummy.c $dummy test x"${TENTATIVE}" != x && echo "${TENTATIVE}" && exit 0 ;; i*86:DYNIX/ptx:4*:*) # ptx 4.0 does uname -s correctly, with DYNIX/ptx in there. # earlier versions are messed up and put the nodename in both # sysname and nodename. echo i386-sequent-sysv4 exit 0 ;; i*86:UNIX_SV:4.2MP:2.*) # Unixware is an offshoot of SVR4, but it has its own version # number series starting with 2... # I am not positive that other SVR4 systems won't match this, # I just have to hope. -- rms. # Use sysv4.2uw... so that sysv4* matches it. echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-sysv4.2uw${UNAME_VERSION} exit 0 ;; i*86:*:4.*:* | i*86:SYSTEM_V:4.*:*) UNAME_REL=`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed 's/\/MP$//'` if grep Novell /usr/include/link.h >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-univel-sysv${UNAME_REL} else echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-sysv${UNAME_REL} fi exit 0 ;; i*86:*:5:[78]*) case `/bin/uname -X | grep "^Machine"` in *486*) UNAME_MACHINE=i486 ;; *Pentium) UNAME_MACHINE=i586 ;; *Pent*|*Celeron) UNAME_MACHINE=i686 ;; esac echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE}${UNAME_SYSTEM}${UNAME_VERSION} exit 0 ;; i*86:*:3.2:*) if test -f /usr/options/cb.name; then UNAME_REL=`sed -n 's/.*Version //p' /dev/null >/dev/null ; then UNAME_REL=`(/bin/uname -X|egrep Release|sed -e 's/.*= //')` (/bin/uname -X|egrep i80486 >/dev/null) && UNAME_MACHINE=i486 (/bin/uname -X|egrep '^Machine.*Pentium' >/dev/null) \ && UNAME_MACHINE=i586 (/bin/uname -X|egrep '^Machine.*Pent ?II' >/dev/null) \ && UNAME_MACHINE=i686 (/bin/uname -X|egrep '^Machine.*Pentium Pro' >/dev/null) \ && UNAME_MACHINE=i686 echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-sco$UNAME_REL else echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-sysv32 fi exit 0 ;; i*86:*DOS:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-msdosdjgpp exit 0 ;; pc:*:*:*) # Left here for compatibility: # uname -m prints for DJGPP always 'pc', but it prints nothing about # the processor, so we play safe by assuming i386. echo i386-pc-msdosdjgpp exit 0 ;; Intel:Mach:3*:*) echo i386-pc-mach3 exit 0 ;; paragon:*:*:*) echo i860-intel-osf1 exit 0 ;; i860:*:4.*:*) # i860-SVR4 if grep Stardent /usr/include/sys/uadmin.h >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo i860-stardent-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE} # Stardent Vistra i860-SVR4 else # Add other i860-SVR4 vendors below as they are discovered. echo i860-unknown-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE} # Unknown i860-SVR4 fi exit 0 ;; mini*:CTIX:SYS*5:*) # "miniframe" echo m68010-convergent-sysv exit 0 ;; M68*:*:R3V[567]*:*) test -r /sysV68 && echo 'm68k-motorola-sysv' && exit 0 ;; 3[34]??:*:4.0:3.0 | 3[34]??A:*:4.0:3.0 | 3[34]??,*:*:4.0:3.0 | 4850:*:4.0:3.0) OS_REL='' test -r /etc/.relid \ && OS_REL=.`sed -n 's/[^ ]* [^ ]* \([0-9][0-9]\).*/\1/p' < /etc/.relid` /bin/uname -p 2>/dev/null | grep 86 >/dev/null \ && echo i486-ncr-sysv4.3${OS_REL} && exit 0 /bin/uname -p 2>/dev/null | /bin/grep entium >/dev/null \ && echo i586-ncr-sysv4.3${OS_REL} && exit 0 ;; 3[34]??:*:4.0:* | 3[34]??,*:*:4.0:*) /bin/uname -p 2>/dev/null | grep 86 >/dev/null \ && echo i486-ncr-sysv4 && exit 0 ;; m68*:LynxOS:2.*:* | m68*:LynxOS:3.0*:*) echo m68k-unknown-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; mc68030:UNIX_System_V:4.*:*) echo m68k-atari-sysv4 exit 0 ;; i*86:LynxOS:2.*:* | i*86:LynxOS:3.[01]*:* | i*86:LynxOS:4.0*:*) echo i386-unknown-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; TSUNAMI:LynxOS:2.*:*) echo sparc-unknown-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; rs6000:LynxOS:2.*:*) echo rs6000-unknown-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; PowerPC:LynxOS:2.*:* | PowerPC:LynxOS:3.[01]*:* | PowerPC:LynxOS:4.0*:*) echo powerpc-unknown-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; SM[BE]S:UNIX_SV:*:*) echo mips-dde-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; RM*:ReliantUNIX-*:*:*) echo mips-sni-sysv4 exit 0 ;; RM*:SINIX-*:*:*) echo mips-sni-sysv4 exit 0 ;; *:SINIX-*:*:*) if uname -p 2>/dev/null >/dev/null ; then UNAME_MACHINE=`(uname -p) 2>/dev/null` echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-sni-sysv4 else echo ns32k-sni-sysv fi exit 0 ;; PENTIUM:*:4.0*:*) # Unisys `ClearPath HMP IX 4000' SVR4/MP effort # says echo i586-unisys-sysv4 exit 0 ;; *:UNIX_System_V:4*:FTX*) # From Gerald Hewes . # How about differentiating between stratus architectures? -djm echo hppa1.1-stratus-sysv4 exit 0 ;; *:*:*:FTX*) # From seanf@swdc.stratus.com. echo i860-stratus-sysv4 exit 0 ;; *:VOS:*:*) # From Paul.Green@stratus.com. echo hppa1.1-stratus-vos exit 0 ;; mc68*:A/UX:*:*) echo m68k-apple-aux${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; news*:NEWS-OS:6*:*) echo mips-sony-newsos6 exit 0 ;; R[34]000:*System_V*:*:* | R4000:UNIX_SYSV:*:* | R*000:UNIX_SV:*:*) if [ -d /usr/nec ]; then echo mips-nec-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE} else echo mips-unknown-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE} fi exit 0 ;; BeBox:BeOS:*:*) # BeOS running on hardware made by Be, PPC only. echo powerpc-be-beos exit 0 ;; BeMac:BeOS:*:*) # BeOS running on Mac or Mac clone, PPC only. echo powerpc-apple-beos exit 0 ;; BePC:BeOS:*:*) # BeOS running on Intel PC compatible. echo i586-pc-beos exit 0 ;; SX-4:SUPER-UX:*:*) echo sx4-nec-superux${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; SX-5:SUPER-UX:*:*) echo sx5-nec-superux${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; Power*:Rhapsody:*:*) echo powerpc-apple-rhapsody${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:Rhapsody:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-apple-rhapsody${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:Darwin:*:*) echo `uname -p`-apple-darwin${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:procnto*:*:* | *:QNX:[0123456789]*:*) if test "${UNAME_MACHINE}" = "x86pc"; then UNAME_MACHINE=pc fi echo `uname -p`-${UNAME_MACHINE}-nto-qnx exit 0 ;; *:QNX:*:4*) echo i386-pc-qnx exit 0 ;; NSR-[KW]:NONSTOP_KERNEL:*:*) echo nsr-tandem-nsk${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:NonStop-UX:*:*) echo mips-compaq-nonstopux exit 0 ;; BS2000:POSIX*:*:*) echo bs2000-siemens-sysv exit 0 ;; DS/*:UNIX_System_V:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-${UNAME_SYSTEM}-${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; *:Plan9:*:*) # "uname -m" is not consistent, so use $cputype instead. 386 # is converted to i386 for consistency with other x86 # operating systems. if test "$cputype" = "386"; then UNAME_MACHINE=i386 else UNAME_MACHINE="$cputype" fi echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-plan9 exit 0 ;; i*86:OS/2:*:*) # If we were able to find `uname', then EMX Unix compatibility # is probably installed. echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-pc-os2-emx exit 0 ;; *:TOPS-10:*:*) echo pdp10-unknown-tops10 exit 0 ;; *:TENEX:*:*) echo pdp10-unknown-tenex exit 0 ;; KS10:TOPS-20:*:* | KL10:TOPS-20:*:* | TYPE4:TOPS-20:*:*) echo pdp10-dec-tops20 exit 0 ;; XKL-1:TOPS-20:*:* | TYPE5:TOPS-20:*:*) echo pdp10-xkl-tops20 exit 0 ;; *:TOPS-20:*:*) echo pdp10-unknown-tops20 exit 0 ;; *:ITS:*:*) echo pdp10-unknown-its exit 0 ;; i*86:XTS-300:*:STOP) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-stop exit 0 ;; esac #echo '(No uname command or uname output not recognized.)' 1>&2 #echo "${UNAME_MACHINE}:${UNAME_SYSTEM}:${UNAME_RELEASE}:${UNAME_VERSION}" 1>&2 cat >$dummy.c < # include #endif main () { #if defined (sony) #if defined (MIPSEB) /* BFD wants "bsd" instead of "newsos". Perhaps BFD should be changed, I don't know.... */ printf ("mips-sony-bsd\n"); exit (0); #else #include printf ("m68k-sony-newsos%s\n", #ifdef NEWSOS4 "4" #else "" #endif ); exit (0); #endif #endif #if defined (__arm) && defined (__acorn) && defined (__unix) printf ("arm-acorn-riscix"); exit (0); #endif #if defined (hp300) && !defined (hpux) printf ("m68k-hp-bsd\n"); exit (0); #endif #if defined (NeXT) #if !defined (__ARCHITECTURE__) #define __ARCHITECTURE__ "m68k" #endif int version; version=`(hostinfo | sed -n 's/.*NeXT Mach \([0-9]*\).*/\1/p') 2>/dev/null`; if (version < 4) printf ("%s-next-nextstep%d\n", __ARCHITECTURE__, version); else printf ("%s-next-openstep%d\n", __ARCHITECTURE__, version); exit (0); #endif #if defined (MULTIMAX) || defined (n16) #if defined (UMAXV) printf ("ns32k-encore-sysv\n"); exit (0); #else #if defined (CMU) printf ("ns32k-encore-mach\n"); exit (0); #else printf ("ns32k-encore-bsd\n"); exit (0); #endif #endif #endif #if defined (__386BSD__) printf ("i386-pc-bsd\n"); exit (0); #endif #if defined (sequent) #if defined (i386) printf ("i386-sequent-dynix\n"); exit (0); #endif #if defined (ns32000) printf ("ns32k-sequent-dynix\n"); exit (0); #endif #endif #if defined (_SEQUENT_) struct utsname un; uname(&un); if (strncmp(un.version, "V2", 2) == 0) { printf ("i386-sequent-ptx2\n"); exit (0); } if (strncmp(un.version, "V1", 2) == 0) { /* XXX is V1 correct? */ printf ("i386-sequent-ptx1\n"); exit (0); } printf ("i386-sequent-ptx\n"); exit (0); #endif #if defined (vax) # if !defined (ultrix) # include # if defined (BSD) # if BSD == 43 printf ("vax-dec-bsd4.3\n"); exit (0); # else # if BSD == 199006 printf ("vax-dec-bsd4.3reno\n"); exit (0); # else printf ("vax-dec-bsd\n"); exit (0); # endif # endif # else printf ("vax-dec-bsd\n"); exit (0); # endif # else printf ("vax-dec-ultrix\n"); exit (0); # endif #endif #if defined (alliant) && defined (i860) printf ("i860-alliant-bsd\n"); exit (0); #endif exit (1); } EOF eval $set_cc_for_build $CC_FOR_BUILD $dummy.c -o $dummy 2>/dev/null && ./$dummy && rm -f $dummy.c $dummy && exit 0 rm -f $dummy.c $dummy # Apollos put the system type in the environment. test -d /usr/apollo && { echo ${ISP}-apollo-${SYSTYPE}; exit 0; } # Convex versions that predate uname can use getsysinfo(1) if [ -x /usr/convex/getsysinfo ] then case `getsysinfo -f cpu_type` in c1*) echo c1-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; c2*) if getsysinfo -f scalar_acc then echo c32-convex-bsd else echo c2-convex-bsd fi exit 0 ;; c34*) echo c34-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; c38*) echo c38-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; c4*) echo c4-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; esac fi cat >&2 < in order to provide the needed information to handle your system. config.guess timestamp = $timestamp uname -m = `(uname -m) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown` uname -r = `(uname -r) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown` uname -s = `(uname -s) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown` uname -v = `(uname -v) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown` /usr/bin/uname -p = `(/usr/bin/uname -p) 2>/dev/null` /bin/uname -X = `(/bin/uname -X) 2>/dev/null` hostinfo = `(hostinfo) 2>/dev/null` /bin/universe = `(/bin/universe) 2>/dev/null` /usr/bin/arch -k = `(/usr/bin/arch -k) 2>/dev/null` /bin/arch = `(/bin/arch) 2>/dev/null` /usr/bin/oslevel = `(/usr/bin/oslevel) 2>/dev/null` /usr/convex/getsysinfo = `(/usr/convex/getsysinfo) 2>/dev/null` UNAME_MACHINE = ${UNAME_MACHINE} UNAME_RELEASE = ${UNAME_RELEASE} UNAME_SYSTEM = ${UNAME_SYSTEM} UNAME_VERSION = ${UNAME_VERSION} EOF exit 1 # Local variables: # eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp) # time-stamp-start: "timestamp='" # time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d" # time-stamp-end: "'" # End: c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/acinclude.m4.in0000644000076400001440000033514507474404675014220 ## -*- autoconf -*- dnl This file is part of the KDE libraries/packages dnl Copyright (C) 1997 Janos Farkas (chexum@shadow.banki.hu) dnl (C) 1997,98,99 Stephan Kulow (coolo@kde.org) dnl This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public dnl License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either dnl version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. dnl This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU dnl Library General Public License for more details. dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License dnl along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to dnl the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, dnl Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. dnl IMPORTANT NOTE: dnl Please do not modify this file unless you expect your modifications to be dnl carried into every other module in the repository. If you decide that you dnl really want to modify it, contact coolo@kde.org mentioning that you have dnl and that the modified file should be committed to every module. dnl dnl Single-module modifications are best placed in configure.in for kdelibs dnl and kdebase or configure.in.in if present. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Forward compatibility macros (make autoconf 2.13 look like 2.50), dnl thanks to Raja R Harinath. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl ifdef([_AC_PATH_X_XMKMF],[], [AC_DEFUN([_AC_PATH_X_XMKMF],[AC_PATH_X_XMKMF])]) ifdef([AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS],[], [AC_DEFUN([AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS],[subdirs=$1; _AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS])]) ifdef([AM_PROG_AS],[], [AC_DEFUN([AM_PROG_AS,[])]) # KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT dnl Internal subroutine of AC_PATH_X. dnl Set ac_x_includes and/or ac_x_libraries. AC_DEFUN(KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT, [if test "$ac_x_includes" = NO; then # Guess where to find include files, by looking for this one X11 .h file. test -z "$x_direct_test_include" && x_direct_test_include=X11/Intrinsic.h # First, try using that file with no special directory specified. AC_TRY_CPP([#include <$x_direct_test_include>], [# We can compile using X headers with no special include directory. ac_x_includes=], [# Look for the header file in a standard set of common directories. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in \ /usr/X11/include \ /usr/X11R6/include \ /usr/X11R5/include \ /usr/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/include/X11 \ /usr/include/X11R6 \ /usr/include/X11R5 \ /usr/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/include \ /usr/local/X11R6/include \ /usr/local/X11R5/include \ /usr/local/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/local/include/X11 \ /usr/local/include/X11R6 \ /usr/local/include/X11R5 \ /usr/local/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/include \ /usr/x386/include \ /usr/XFree86/include/X11 \ \ /usr/include \ /usr/local/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /usr/athena/include \ /usr/local/x11r5/include \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/include \ \ /usr/openwin/include \ /usr/openwin/share/include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$x_direct_test_include"; then ac_x_includes=$ac_dir break fi done]) fi # $ac_x_includes = NO if test "$ac_x_libraries" = NO; then # Check for the libraries. test -z "$x_direct_test_library" && x_direct_test_library=Xt test -z "$x_direct_test_function" && x_direct_test_function=XtMalloc # See if we find them without any special options. # Don't add to $LIBS permanently. ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="-l$x_direct_test_library $LIBS" AC_TRY_LINK(, [${x_direct_test_function}()], [LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # We can link X programs with no special library path. ac_x_libraries=], [LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # First see if replacing the include by lib works. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in `echo "$ac_x_includes" | sed s/include/lib/` \ /usr/X11/lib \ /usr/X11R6/lib \ /usr/X11R5/lib \ /usr/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/lib/X11 \ /usr/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/lib \ /usr/local/X11R6/lib \ /usr/local/X11R5/lib \ /usr/local/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/local/lib/X11 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/lib \ /usr/x386/lib \ /usr/XFree86/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/lib \ /usr/local/lib \ /usr/unsupported/lib \ /usr/athena/lib \ /usr/local/x11r5/lib \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/lib \ /lib/usr/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/openwin/lib \ /usr/openwin/share/lib \ ; \ do dnl Don't even attempt the hair of trying to link an X program! for ac_extension in a so sl; do if test -r $ac_dir/lib${x_direct_test_library}.$ac_extension; then ac_x_libraries=$ac_dir break 2 fi done done]) fi # $ac_x_libraries = NO ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find a file (or one of more files in a list of dirs) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_FILE, [ $3=NO for i in $2; do for j in $1; do echo "configure: __oline__: $i/$j" >&AC_FD_CC if test -r "$i/$j"; then echo "taking that" >&AC_FD_CC $3=$i break 2 fi done done ]) dnl KDE_FIND_PATH(programm-name, variable-name, list of directories, dnl if-not-found, test-parameter) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_PATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $1]) if test -n "$$2"; then kde_cv_path="$$2"; else kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_path_$kde_cache, [ kde_cv_path="NONE" dirs="$3" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/$1"; then if test -n "$5" then evalstr="$dir/$1 $5 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi fi done eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" ]) eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" fi if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) $4 else AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_path) $2=$kde_cv_path fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE, [ AC_MSG_ERROR([No Qt meta object compiler (moc) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running moc binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_moc and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable MOC to the right one before running configure. ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_UIC_ERROR_MESSAGE, [ AC_MSG_WARN([No Qt ui compiler (uic) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running uic binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_uic and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable UIC to the right one before running configure. ]) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the meta object compiler and the ui compiler in the PATH, dnl in $QTDIR/bin, and some more usual places dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_MOC_UIC, [ qt_bindirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs $dir/bin $dir/src/moc" done qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs /usr/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/local/qt/bin" if test ! "$ac_qt_bindir" = "NO"; then qt_bindirs="$ac_qt_bindir $qt_bindirs" fi KDE_FIND_PATH(moc, MOC, [$qt_bindirs], [KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE]) if test -z "$UIC_NOT_NEEDED"; then KDE_FIND_PATH(uic, UIC, [$qt_bindirs], [UIC=""]) if test -z "$UIC" ; then KDE_UIC_ERROR_MESSAGE exit 1 fi else UIC="echo uic not available: " fi AC_SUBST(MOC) AC_SUBST(UIC) UIC_TR="i18n" if test $kde_qtver = 3; then UIC_TR="QT_KDE_I18N" fi AC_SUBST(UIC_TR) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS, [ KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS KDE_TEST_RPATH= if test -n "$USE_RPATH"; then if test -n "$kde_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="-R $kde_libraries" fi if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $qt_libraries" fi if test -n "$x_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $x_libraries" fi KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH $KDE_EXTRA_RPATH" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE libraries installed]) ac_link='$LIBTOOL_SHELL --silent --mode=link ${CXX-g++} -o conftest $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $all_libraries conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS -lkdecore $LIBQT $KDE_TEST_RPATH 1>&5' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) fi if eval `KDEDIR= ./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_result=done else kde_result=problems fi KDEDIR= ./conftest 2> /dev/null >&5 # make an echo for config.log kde_have_all_paths=yes KDE_SET_PATHS($kde_result) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PATHS, [ kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_templatesdir=\"$kde_templatesdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_moduledir=\"$kde_moduledir\" \ kde_result=$1" ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS, [ if test "$1" = "default"; then if test -z "$kde_htmldir"; then kde_htmldir='\${prefix}/share/doc/HTML' fi if test -z "$kde_appsdir"; then kde_appsdir='\${prefix}/share/applnk' fi if test -z "$kde_icondir"; then kde_icondir='\${prefix}/share/icons' fi if test -z "$kde_sounddir"; then kde_sounddir='\${prefix}/share/sounds' fi if test -z "$kde_datadir"; then kde_datadir='\${prefix}/share/apps' fi if test -z "$kde_locale"; then kde_locale='\${prefix}/share/locale' fi if test -z "$kde_cgidir"; then kde_cgidir='\${exec_prefix}/cgi-bin' fi if test -z "$kde_confdir"; then kde_confdir='\${prefix}/share/config' fi if test -z "$kde_mimedir"; then kde_mimedir='\${prefix}/share/mimelnk' fi if test -z "$kde_toolbardir"; then kde_toolbardir='\${prefix}/share/toolbar' fi if test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir"; then kde_wallpaperdir='\${prefix}/share/wallpapers' fi if test -z "$kde_templatesdir"; then kde_templatesdir='\${prefix}/share/templates' fi if test -z "$kde_bindir"; then kde_bindir='\${exec_prefix}/bin' fi if test -z "$kde_servicesdir"; then kde_servicesdir='\${prefix}/share/services' fi if test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir"; then kde_servicetypesdir='\${prefix}/share/servicetypes' fi if test -z "$kde_moduledir"; then kde_moduledir='\${exec_prefix}/lib/kde2' fi KDE_SET_PATHS(defaults) else if test $kde_qtver = 1; then AC_MSG_RESULT([compiling]) KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS else AC_MSG_ERROR([path checking not yet supported for KDE 2]) fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS, [ if test -z "$kde_htmldir" || test -z "$kde_appsdir" || test -z "$kde_icondir" || test -z "$kde_sounddir" || test -z "$kde_datadir" || test -z "$kde_locale" || test -z "$kde_cgidir" || test -z "$kde_confdir" || test -z "$kde_mimedir" || test -z "$kde_toolbardir" || test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir" || test -z "$kde_templatesdir" || test -z "$kde_bindir" || test -z "$kde_servicesdir" || test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir" || test -z "$kde_moduledir" || test "$kde_have_all_paths" != "yes"; then kde_have_all_paths=no fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR, [ AC_MSG_ERROR([The important program $1 was not found! Please check whether you installed KDE correctly. ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SUBST_PROGRAMS, [ kde_default_bindirs="/usr/bin /usr/local/bin /opt/local/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /opt/kde/bin /opt/kde2/bin /usr/kde/bin /usr/local/kde/bin" if test -n "$KDEDIRS"; then kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=: for dir in $KDEDIRS; do kde_default_bindirs="$dir/bin $kde_default_bindirs " done IFS=$kde_save_IFS fi kde_default_bindirs="$exec_prefix/bin $prefix/bin $kde_default_bindirs" KDE_FIND_PATH(dcopidl, DCOPIDL, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(dcopidl)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(dcopidl2cpp, DCOPIDL2CPP, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(dcopidl2cpp)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(mcopidl, MCOPIDL, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(mcopidl)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(artsc-config, ARTSCCONFIG, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(artsc-config)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(kde-config, KDECONFIG, [$kde_default_bindirs]) KDE_FIND_PATH(meinproc, MEINPROC, [$kde_default_bindirs]) if test -n "$MEINPROC" && test ! "$MEINPROC" = "compiled"; then kde_sharedirs="/usr/share/kde /usr/local/share /usr/share /opt/kde2/share /opt/kde/share $prefix/share" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_sharedirs="$KDEDIR/share $kde_sharedirs" AC_FIND_FILE(apps/ksgmltools2/customization/kde-chunk.xsl, $kde_sharedirs, KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET) if test "$KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET" = "NO"; then KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET="" else KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET="$KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/kde-chunk.xsl" fi fi DCOP_DEPENDENCIES='$(DCOPIDL)' AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL) AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL2CPP) AC_SUBST(DCOP_DEPENDENCIES) AC_SUBST(MCOPIDL) AC_SUBST(ARTSCCONFIG) AC_SUBST(KDECONFIG) AC_SUBST(MEINPROC) AC_SUBST(KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET) if test -x "$KDECONFIG"; then # it can be "compiled" kde_libs_prefix=`$KDECONFIG --prefix` if test -z "$kde_libs_prefix" || test ! -x "$kde_libs_prefix"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([$KDECONFIG --prefix outputed the non existant prefix '$kde_libs_prefix' for kdelibs. This means it has been moved since you installed it. This won't work. Please recompile kdelibs for the new prefix. ]) fi kde_libs_htmldir=`$KDECONFIG --install html --expandvars` else kde_libs_prefix='$(prefix)' kde_libs_htmldir='$(kde_htmldir)' fi AC_SUBST(kde_libs_prefix) AC_SUBST(kde_libs_htmldir) ])dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CREATE_KFSSTND, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_RPATH]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE paths]) kde_result="" kde_cached_paths=yes AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_all_paths, [ KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS($1) kde_cached_paths=no ]) eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no" && test "$kde_cached_paths" = "yes"; then # wrong values were cached, may be, we can set better ones kde_result= kde_htmldir= kde_appsdir= kde_icondir= kde_sounddir= kde_datadir= kde_locale= kde_cgidir= kde_confdir= kde_mimedir= kde_toolbardir= kde_wallpaperdir= kde_templatesdir= kde_bindir= kde_servicesdir= kde_servicetypesdir= kde_moduledir= kde_have_all_paths= KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS($1) eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS kde_result="$kde_result (cache overridden)" fi if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([configure could not run a little KDE program to test the environment. Since it had compiled and linked before, it must be a strange problem on your system. Look at config.log for details. If you are not able to fix this, look at http://www.kde.org/faq/installation.html or any www.kde.org mirror. (If you're using an egcs version on Linux, you may update binutils!) ]) else rm -f conftest* AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_result) fi bindir=$kde_bindir KDE_SUBST_PROGRAMS ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_SUBST_KFSSTND, [ AC_SUBST(kde_htmldir) AC_SUBST(kde_appsdir) AC_SUBST(kde_icondir) AC_SUBST(kde_sounddir) AC_SUBST(kde_datadir) AC_SUBST(kde_locale) AC_SUBST(kde_confdir) AC_SUBST(kde_mimedir) AC_SUBST(kde_wallpaperdir) AC_SUBST(kde_bindir) dnl for KDE 2 AC_SUBST(kde_templatesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_servicesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_servicetypesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_moduledir) if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_minidir="$kde_icondir/mini" else # for KDE 1 - this breaks KDE2 apps using minidir, but # that's the plan ;-/ kde_minidir="/dev/null" fi dnl AC_SUBST(kde_minidir) dnl AC_SUBST(kde_cgidir) dnl AC_SUBST(kde_toolbardir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MISC_TESTS, [ AC_LANG_C dnl Checks for libraries. AC_CHECK_LIB(util, main, [LIBUTIL="-lutil"]) dnl for *BSD AC_SUBST(LIBUTIL) AC_CHECK_LIB(compat, main, [LIBCOMPAT="-lcompat"]) dnl for *BSD AC_SUBST(LIBCOMPAT) kde_have_crypt= AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt, [LIBCRYPT="-lcrypt"; kde_have_crypt=yes], AC_CHECK_LIB(c, crypt, [kde_have_crypt=yes], [ AC_MSG_WARN([you have no crypt in either libcrypt or libc. You should install libcrypt from another source or configure with PAM support]) kde_have_crypt=no ])) AC_SUBST(LIBCRYPT) if test $kde_have_crypt = yes; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_CRYPT, 1, [Defines if your system has the crypt function]) fi AC_CHECK_SOCKLEN_T AC_LANG_C AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet"]) if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet_stub, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet_stub"]) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(inet_ntoa) if test $ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(nsl, inet_ntoa, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl") fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(connect) if test $ac_cv_func_connect = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, connect, X_EXTRA_LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS", , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(remove) if test $ac_cv_func_remove = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(posix, remove, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lposix") fi # BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 needs -lipc for XOpenDisplay. AC_CHECK_FUNC(shmat, , AC_CHECK_LIB(ipc, shmat, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lipc")) # Solaris 2.6 and others need -lresolv for res_init AC_CHECK_FUNCS(res_init, , [ kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS -lresolv" AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ], [ res_init(); ], LIBRESOLV="-lresolv" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBRESOLV" AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RES_INIT, 1, [Define if you have the res_init function]) ) LIBS=$kde_libs_safe ]) LIBSOCKET="$X_EXTRA_LIBS" AC_SUBST(LIBSOCKET) AC_SUBST(LIBRESOLV) AC_SUBST(X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_CHECK_LIB(ucb, killpg, [LIBUCB="-lucb"]) dnl for Solaris2.4 AC_SUBST(LIBUCB) case $host in dnl this *is* LynxOS specific *-*-lynxos* ) AC_MSG_CHECKING([LynxOS header file wrappers]) [CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -D__NO_INCLUDE_WARN__"] AC_MSG_RESULT(disabled) AC_CHECK_LIB(bsd, gethostbyname, [LIBSOCKET="-lbsd"]) dnl for LynxOS ;; esac KDE_CHECK_TYPES KDE_CHECK_LIBDL ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the header files and libraries for X-Windows. Extended the dnl macro AC_PATH_X dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(K_PATH_X, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CPP])dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS])dnl AC_MSG_CHECKING(for X) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_x, [# One or both of the vars are not set, and there is no cached value. if test "{$x_includes+set}" = set || test "$x_includes" = NONE; then kde_x_includes=NO else kde_x_includes=$x_includes fi if test "{$x_libraries+set}" = set || test "$x_libraries" = NONE; then kde_x_libraries=NO else kde_x_libraries=$x_libraries fi # below we use the standard autoconf calls ac_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries ac_x_includes=$kde_x_includes KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT dnl AC_PATH_X_XMKMF picks /usr/lib as the path for the X libraries. dnl Unfortunately, if compiling with the N32 ABI, this is not the correct dnl location. The correct location is /usr/lib32 or an undefined value dnl (the linker is smart enough to pick the correct default library). dnl Things work just fine if you use just AC_PATH_X_DIRECT. dnl Solaris has a similar problem. AC_PATH_X_XMKMF forces x_includes to dnl /usr/openwin/include, which doesn't work. /usr/include does work, so dnl x_includes should be left alone. case "$host" in mips-sgi-irix6*) ;; *-*-solaris*) ;; *) _AC_PATH_X_XMKMF if test -z "$ac_x_includes"; then ac_x_includes="." fi if test -z "$ac_x_libraries"; then ac_x_libraries="/usr/lib" fi esac #from now on we use our own again # when the user already gave --x-includes, we ignore # what the standard autoconf macros told us. if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then kde_x_includes=$ac_x_includes fi # for --x-libraries too if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then kde_x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries fi if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X includes. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X libraries. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi # Record where we found X for the cache. kde_cv_have_x="have_x=yes \ kde_x_includes=$kde_x_includes kde_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries" ])dnl eval "$kde_cv_have_x" if test "$have_x" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT($have_x) no_x=yes else AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $kde_x_libraries, headers $kde_x_includes]) fi if test -z "$kde_x_includes" || test "x$kde_x_includes" = xNONE; then X_INCLUDES="" x_includes="."; dnl better than nothing :- else x_includes=$kde_x_includes X_INCLUDES="-I$x_includes" fi if test -z "$kde_x_libraries" || test "x$kde_x_libraries" = xNONE; then X_LDFLAGS="" x_libraries="/usr/lib"; dnl better than nothing :- else x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries X_LDFLAGS="-L$x_libraries" fi all_includes="$X_INCLUDES" all_libraries="$X_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(X_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(x_libraries) AC_SUBST(x_includes) # Check for libraries that X11R6 Xt/Xaw programs need. ac_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS" # SM needs ICE to (dynamically) link under SunOS 4.x (so we have to # check for ICE first), but we must link in the order -lSM -lICE or # we get undefined symbols. So assume we have SM if we have ICE. # These have to be linked with before -lX11, unlike the other # libraries we check for below, so use a different variable. # --interran@uluru.Stanford.EDU, kb@cs.umb.edu. AC_CHECK_LIB(ICE, IceConnectionNumber, [LIBSM="-lSM -lICE"], , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_SUBST(LIBSM) LDFLAGS="$ac_save_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_PRE_LIBS) LIB_X11='-lX11 $(LIBSOCKET)' AC_SUBST(LIB_X11) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for libXext) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_libXext, [ kde_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="-lXext -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #ifdef STDC_HEADERS # include #endif ], [ printf("hello Xext\n"); ], kde_cv_have_libXext=yes, kde_cv_have_libXext=no ) LDFLAGS=$kde_ldflags_safe LIBS=$kde_libs_safe ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_have_libXext) if test "$kde_cv_have_libXext" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([We need a working libXext to proceed. Since configure can't find it itself, we stop here assuming that make wouldn't find them either.]) fi AC_MSG_CHECKING(for Xinerama) AC_ARG_WITH(xinerama, [ --with-xinerama enable support for Xinerama ], [ no_xinerama=no ], [ no_xinerama=yes ] ) kde_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -I$x_includes" LIBS="-lXinerama -lXext" if test "x$no_xinerama" = "xno"; then AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_xinerama, [ AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [XineramaIsActive(NULL);], [ac_cv_have_xinerama="yes"], [ac_cv_have_xinerama="no"]) ]) else ac_cv_have_xinerama=no; fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_xinerama) LIBXINERAMA="" if test "$ac_cv_have_xinerama" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XINERAMA, 1, [Define if you want Xinerama support]) LIBXINERAMA="-lXinerama" fi AC_SUBST(LIBXINERAMA) LDFLAGS="$kde_save_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include EOF if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < #include #include EOF if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < EOF fi fi echo "#if ! ($kde_qt_verstring)" >> conftest.$ac_ext cat >> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LD_LIBRARY_PATH_safe" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LIBRARY_PATH" export LIBRARY_PATH AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "$kde_cv_qt_direct" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Try to find the Qt headers and libraries. dnl $(QT_LDFLAGS) will be -Lqtliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(QT_INCLUDES) will be -Iqthdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_1_3, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Add configure flag to enable linking to MT version of Qt library. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ AC_ARG_ENABLE( mt, [ --enable-mt link to threaded Qt (experimental)], kde_use_qt_mt=$enableval, kde_use_qt_mt=no ) USING_QT_MT="" dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we got --enable-qt-mt then adjust some vars for the host. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DQT_THREAD_SUPPORT -pthread" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -pthread" else AC_MSG_WARN([Compiler is not gcc. MT support disabled.]) fi ;; *) AC_MSG_WARN([MT not yet supported on $host - disabled.]) ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=yes dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we haven't been told how to link to Qt, we work it out for ourselves. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test -z "$LIBQT_GLOB"; then LIBQT_GLOB="libqt.*" fi if test -z "$LIBQT"; then LIBQT="-lqt" kde_int_qt="-lqt" dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we got --enable-qt-mt then adjust the Qt library name for the host. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then LIBQT="-lqt-mt" kde_int_qt="-lqt-mt" LIBQT_GLOB="libqt-mt.*" USING_QT_MT="using -mt" fi ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=no else kde_int_qt="$LIBQT" fi if test $kde_qtver != 1; then AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_PNG]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $LIBPNG $LIBJPEG" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Qt]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $X_PRE_LIBS -lXext -lX11 $LIBSM $LIBSOCKET" ac_qt_includes=NO ac_qt_libraries=NO ac_qt_bindir=NO qt_libraries="" qt_includes="" AC_ARG_WITH(qt-dir, [ --with-qt-dir=DIR where the root of Qt is installed ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval"/include ac_qt_libraries="$withval"/lib ac_qt_bindir="$withval"/bin ]) AC_ARG_WITH(qt-includes, [ --with-qt-includes=DIR where the Qt includes are. ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval" ]) kde_qt_libs_given=no AC_ARG_WITH(qt-libraries, [ --with-qt-libraries=DIR where the Qt library is installed.], [ ac_qt_libraries="$withval" kde_qt_libs_given=yes ]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_qt, [#try to guess Qt locations qt_incdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_incdirs="$qt_incdirs $dir/include $dir" done qt_incdirs="$QTINC $qt_incdirs /usr/local/qt/include /usr/include/qt /usr/include /usr/X11R6/include/X11/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt2 $x_includes" if test ! "$ac_qt_includes" = "NO"; then qt_incdirs="$ac_qt_includes $qt_incdirs" fi if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then kde_qt_header=qstyle.h else kde_qt_header=qglobal.h fi AC_FIND_FILE($kde_qt_header, $qt_incdirs, qt_incdir) ac_qt_includes="$qt_incdir" qt_libdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_libdirs="$qt_libdirs $dir/lib $dir" done qt_libdirs="$QTLIB $qt_libdirs /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/lib /usr/local/qt/lib $x_libraries" if test ! "$ac_qt_libraries" = "NO"; then qt_libdir=$ac_qt_libraries else qt_libdirs="$ac_qt_libraries $qt_libdirs" # if the Qt was given, the chance is too big that libqt.* doesn't exist qt_libdir=NONE for dir in $qt_libdirs; do try="ls -1 $dir/${LIBQT_GLOB}" if test -n "`$try 2> /dev/null`"; then qt_libdir=$dir; break; else echo "tried $dir" >&AC_FD_CC ; fi done fi ac_qt_libraries="$qt_libdir" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ac_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$qt_libdir $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBQT" KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then rm -f conftest* else echo "configure: failed program was:" >&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC ac_qt_libraries="NO" fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" AC_LANG_RESTORE if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO || test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=no" ac_qt_notfound="" if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO; then if test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_qt_notfound="(headers and libraries)"; else ac_qt_notfound="(headers)"; fi else ac_qt_notfound="(libraries)"; fi AC_MSG_ERROR([Qt ($kde_qt_minversion) $ac_qt_notfound not found. Please check your installation! For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) else have_qt="yes" fi ]) eval "$ac_cv_have_qt" if test "$have_qt" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$have_qt]); else ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=yes \ ac_qt_includes=$ac_qt_includes ac_qt_libraries=$ac_qt_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_qt_libraries, headers $ac_qt_includes $USING_QT_MT]) qt_libraries="$ac_qt_libraries" qt_includes="$ac_qt_includes" fi if test ! "$kde_qt_libs_given" = "yes"; then KDE_CHECK_QT_DIRECT(qt_libraries= ,[]) fi AC_SUBST(qt_libraries) AC_SUBST(qt_includes) if test "$qt_includes" = "$x_includes" || test -z "$qt_includes"; then QT_INCLUDES=""; else QT_INCLUDES="-I$qt_includes" all_includes="$QT_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi if test "$qt_libraries" = "$x_libraries" || test -z "$qt_libraries"; then QT_LDFLAGS="" else QT_LDFLAGS="-L$qt_libraries" all_libraries="$all_libraries $QT_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(QT_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(QT_LDFLAGS) AC_PATH_QT_MOC_UIC LIB_QT="$kde_int_qt "'$(LIBPNG) $(LIBJPEG) -lXext $(LIB_X11) $(LIBSM)' AC_SUBST(LIB_QT) AC_SUBST(kde_qtver) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT, [ AC_PATH_QT_1_3 ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_FINAL, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(final, [ --enable-final build size optimized apps (experimental - needs lots of memory)], kde_use_final=$enableval, kde_use_final=no) KDE_COMPILER_REPO if test "x$kde_use_final" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="#" else KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE) AC_ARG_ENABLE(closure, [ --disable-closure don't delay template instantiation], kde_use_closure=$enableval, kde_use_closure=yes) if test "x$kde_use_closure" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="#" # CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $REPO" else KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Now, the same with KDE dnl $(KDE_LDFLAGS) will be the kdeliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(kde_includes) will be the kdehdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_BASE_PATH_KDE, [ AC_PREREQ([2.13]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_PATH_QT])dnl AC_CHECK_RPATH AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE]) if test "${prefix}" != NONE; then kde_includes=${prefix}/include ac_kde_includes=$prefix/include if test "${exec_prefix}" != NONE; then kde_libraries=${exec_prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$exec_prefix/lib else kde_libraries=${prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$prefix/lib fi else ac_kde_includes= ac_kde_libraries= kde_libraries="" kde_includes="" fi AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_kde, [#try to guess kde locations if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_check_header="ksock.h" kde_check_lib="libkdecore.la" else kde_check_header="ksharedptr.h" kde_check_lib="libkio.la" fi if test -z "$1"; then kde_incdirs="/usr/lib/kde/include /usr/local/kde/include /usr/local/include /usr/kde/include /usr/include/kde /usr/include /opt/kde2/include /opt/kde/include $x_includes $qt_includes" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_incdirs="$KDEDIR/include $KDEDIR/include/kde $KDEDIR $kde_incdirs" kde_incdirs="$ac_kde_includes $kde_incdirs" AC_FIND_FILE($kde_check_header, $kde_incdirs, kde_incdir) ac_kde_includes="$kde_incdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_includes" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_includes/$kde_check_header"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE headers installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi kde_libdirs="/usr/lib/kde/lib /usr/local/kde/lib /usr/kde/lib /usr/lib/kde /usr/lib /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib /opt/kde2/lib /opt/kde/lib /usr/X11R6/kde/lib" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_libdirs="$KDEDIR/lib $KDEDIR $kde_libdirs" kde_libdirs="$ac_kde_libraries $kde_libdirs" AC_FIND_FILE($kde_check_lib, $kde_libdirs, kde_libdir) ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_libraries" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_libraries/$kde_check_lib"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE libraries installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test "$ac_kde_includes" = NO || test "$ac_kde_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" fi else dnl test -z $1 ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" fi ])dnl eval "$ac_cv_have_kde" if test "$have_kde" != "yes"; then if test "${prefix}" = NONE; then ac_kde_prefix="$ac_default_prefix" else ac_kde_prefix="$prefix" fi if test "$exec_prefix" = NONE; then ac_kde_exec_prefix="$ac_kde_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix]) else ac_kde_exec_prefix="$exec_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix and $ac_kde_exec_prefix]) fi kde_libraries="${ac_kde_exec_prefix}/lib" kde_includes=${ac_kde_prefix}/include else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_kde_libraries, headers $ac_kde_includes]) kde_libraries="$ac_kde_libraries" kde_includes="$ac_kde_includes" fi AC_SUBST(kde_libraries) AC_SUBST(kde_includes) if test "$kde_includes" = "$x_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "$qt_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "/usr/include"; then KDE_INCLUDES="" else KDE_INCLUDES="-I$kde_includes" all_includes="$KDE_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi KDE_LDFLAGS="-L$kde_libraries" if test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$x_libraries" && test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$qt_libraries" ; then all_libraries="$all_libraries $KDE_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(KDE_INCLUDES) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) all_libraries="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" all_includes="$all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_SUBST(all_includes) AC_SUBST(all_libraries) AC_SUBST(AUTODIRS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra includes) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-includes, [ --with-extra-includes=DIR adds non standard include paths], kde_use_extra_includes="$withval", kde_use_extra_includes=NONE ) kde_extra_includes= if test -n "$kde_use_extra_includes" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_includes" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_includes; do kde_extra_includes="$kde_extra_includes $dir" USER_INCLUDES="$USER_INCLUDES -I$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_includes="added" else kde_use_extra_includes="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_INCLUDES) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_includes) kde_extra_libs= AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra libs) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-libs, [ --with-extra-libs=DIR adds non standard library paths], kde_use_extra_libs=$withval, kde_use_extra_libs=NONE ) if test -n "$kde_use_extra_libs" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_libs" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_libs; do kde_extra_libs="$kde_extra_libs $dir" KDE_EXTRA_RPATH="$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH -R $dir" USER_LDFLAGS="$USER_LDFLAGS -L$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_libs="added" else kde_use_extra_libs="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_LDFLAGS) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_libs) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE headers installed]) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include "confdefs.h" #include int main() { printf("kde_htmldir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_htmldir().data()); printf("kde_appsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_appsdir().data()); printf("kde_icondir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_icondir().data()); printf("kde_sounddir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_sounddir().data()); printf("kde_datadir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_datadir().data()); printf("kde_locale=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_localedir().data()); printf("kde_cgidir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_cgidir().data()); printf("kde_confdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_configdir().data()); printf("kde_mimedir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_mimedir().data()); printf("kde_toolbardir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_toolbardir().data()); printf("kde_wallpaperdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_wallpaperdir().data()); printf("kde_bindir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_bindir().data()); printf("kde_partsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_partsdir().data()); printf("kde_servicesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_servicetypesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_moduledir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); return 0; } EOF ac_compile='${CXX-g++} -c $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! Check, if you installed the KDE header files correctly. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) fi AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_KDEQTADDON, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for kde-qt-addon) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon, [ kde_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" kde_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" LIBS="-lkde-qt-addon $LIBQT $LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$prefix/include -I$prefix/include/kde $all_includes" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include ], [ QDomDocument doc; ], kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon=yes, kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon=no ) LDFLAGS=$kde_ldflags_safe LIBS=$kde_libs_safe kde_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon) if test "$kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find libkde-qt-addon. You need to install it first. 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then ac_use_path_checking="default" else ac_use_path_checking="" fi ], [ if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then ac_use_path_checking="" else ac_use_path_checking="default" fi ] ) AC_CREATE_KFSSTND($ac_use_path_checking) AC_SUBST_KFSSTND KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES ]) dnl obsolete AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_SETENV, [ AC_OBSOLETE([$0], [; instead use AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setenv unsetenv])])dnl AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setenv unsetenv]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETDOMAINNAME, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for getdomainname) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_getdomainname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" kde_safe_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; getdomainname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_getdomainname=yes, ac_cv_func_getdomainname=no) CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" LIBS=$kde_safe_LIBS AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_getdomainname) AC_MSG_CHECKING([if getdomainname needs custom prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_proto_getdomainname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_getdomainname`\" = yes"; then ac_cv_proto_getdomainname=no else kde_safe_libs=$LIBS LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include extern "C" int getdomainname (char *, int); ], [ char buffer[200]; getdomainname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_getdomainname=yes ac_cv_proto_getdomainname=yes, AC_MSG_RESULT([fatal error]) AC_MSG_ERROR([getdomainname unavailable])) fi LIBS=$kde_safe_libs AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_proto_getdomainname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_getdomainname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETDOMAINNAME, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname]) fi if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_proto_getdomainname`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETDOMAINNAME_PROTO, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname prototype]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETHOSTNAME, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for gethostname]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_gethostname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; gethostname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_gethostname=yes, ac_cv_func_gethostname=no) CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_gethostname) AC_MSG_CHECKING([if gethostname needs custom prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_proto_gethostname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_gethostname`\" = yes"; then ac_cv_proto_gethostname=no else AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include extern "C" int gethostname (char *, int); ], [ char buffer[200]; gethostname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_gethostname=yes ac_cv_proto_gethostname=yes, AC_MSG_RESULT([fatal error]) AC_MSG_ERROR(gethostname unavailable)) fi AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_proto_gethostname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_proto_gethostname`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETHOSTNAME_PROTO, 1, [Define if you have gethostname prototype]) fi if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_gethostname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETHOSTNAME, 1, [Define if you have gethostname]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_USLEEP, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for usleep]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_usleep, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBUCB" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include ], [ usleep(200); 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then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBGIF, 1, [Define if you have libgif]) else AC_MSG_ERROR(You need giflib30. Please install the kdesupport package) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libjpeg$2]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -ljpeg$2 -lm" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK( [/* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ struct jpeg_decompress_struct; typedef struct jpeg_decompress_struct * j_decompress_ptr; typedef int size_t; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void jpeg_CreateDecompress(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int version, size_t structsize); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ ], [jpeg_CreateDecompress(0L, 0, 0);], eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=-ljpeg$2", eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=no") LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" ]) if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1`\" = no"; then LIBJPEG="$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $3 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_JPEG, [ dnl first look for libraries KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(6b, 6b, KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(normal, [], [ LIBJPEG= ] ) ) dnl then search the headers (can't use simply AC_TRY_xxx, as jpeglib.h dnl requires system dependent includes loaded before it) jpeg_incdirs="/usr/include /usr/local/include $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(jpeglib.h, $jpeg_incdirs, jpeg_incdir) test "x$jpeg_incdir" = xNO && jpeg_incdir= dnl if headers _and_ libraries are missing, this is no error, and we dnl continue with a warning (the user will get no jpeg support in khtml) dnl if only one is missing, it means a configuration error, but we still dnl only warn if test -n "$jpeg_incdir" && test -n "$LIBJPEG" ; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBJPEG, 1, [Define if you have libjpeg]) else if test -n "$jpeg_incdir" || test -n "$LIBJPEG" ; then AC_MSG_WARN([ There is an installation error in jpeg support. You seem to have only one of either the headers _or_ the libraries installed. You may need to either provide correct --with-extra-... options, or the development package of libjpeg6b. You can get a source package of libjpeg from http://www.ijg.org/ Disabling JPEG support. ]) else AC_MSG_WARN([libjpeg not found. disable JPEG support.]) fi jpeg_incdir= LIBJPEG= fi AC_SUBST(LIBJPEG) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_ZLIB, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libz]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_z, [ AC_LANG_C kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lz $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (zlibVersion() == ZLIB_VERSION); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_z='-lz'", eval "ac_cv_lib_z=no") LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if test ! 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Check your installation and look into config.log) LIBZ="" AC_SUBST(LIBZ) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libtiff $1]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libtiff_$1, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ -lX11 $LIBSOCKET -lm" kde_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (TIFFOpen( "", "r") == 0); ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1="-l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ" ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1=no ]) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBTIFF="" $3 else LIBTIFF="$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBTIFF, 1, [Define if you have libtiff]) $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_TIFF, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff, [], KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff34)) AC_SUBST(LIBTIFF) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_PNG, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libpng]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_png, [ kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lpng $LIBZ -lm -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [ png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct( /* image ptr */ PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0 ); return( png_ptr != 0 ); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_png='-lpng $LIBZ -lm'", eval "ac_cv_lib_png=no" ) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_png`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBPNG, 1, [Define if you have libpng]) LIBPNG="$ac_cv_lib_png" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_png) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBPNG="" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_BOOL, [ AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_BOOL, 1, [You _must_ have bool]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GNU_EXTENSIONS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(if you need GNU extensions) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_gnu_extensions, [ cat > conftest.c << EOF #include #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__ yes #endif EOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.c") 2>&5 | egrep "yes" >/dev/null 2>&1; then rm -rf conftest* ac_cv_gnu_extensions=yes else ac_cv_gnu_extensions=no fi ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_gnu_extensions) if test "$ac_cv_gnu_extensions" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(_GNU_SOURCE, 1, [Define if you need to use the GNU extensions]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG, [ dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) <- breaks with autoconf 2.50 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports -$1) kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%.=/+-%___p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache, [ echo 'int main() { return 0; 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dnl then kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=yes else kde_use_debug_code="yes" kde_use_debug_define=no fi ], [kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=no ]) dnl Just for configure --help AC_ARG_ENABLE(dummyoption,[ --disable-debug disables debug output and debug symbols [default=no]],[],[]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(strict,[ --enable-strict compiles with strict compiler options (may not work!)], [ if test $enableval = "no"; then kde_use_strict_options="no" else kde_use_strict_options="yes" fi ], [kde_use_strict_options="no"]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(profile,[ --enable-profile creates profiling infos [default=no]], [kde_use_profiling=$enableval], [kde_use_profiling="no"] ) dnl this prevents stupid AC_PROG_CC to add "-g" to the default CFLAGS CFLAGS=" $CFLAGS" AC_PROG_CC if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="-g -O2 $CFLAGS" case $host in *-*-linux-gnu) CFLAGS="-ansi -W -Wall -pedantic -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_BSD_SOURCE $CFLAGS" ;; esac else CFLAGS="-O2 $CFLAGS" fi fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CFLAGS" fi case "$host" in *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE $CFLAGS";; *-*-sysv5uw7*) CFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE7 $CFLAGS";; esac if test -z "$LDFLAGS" && test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "no" && test "$GCC" = "yes"; then LDFLAGS="" fi CXXFLAGS=" $CXXFLAGS" AC_PROG_CXX if test "$GXX" = "yes"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-g -O2 -Wall -pedantic -W -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings $CXXFLAGS" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(Wno-long-long,[CXXFLAGS="-Wno-long-long $CXXFLAGS"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(Wnon-virtual-dtor,[CXXFLAGS="-Wnon-virtual-dtor $CXXFLAGS"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-builtin,[CXXFLAGS="-fno-builtin $CXXFLAGS"]) case $host in dnl *-*-linux-gnu) CXXFLAGS="-ansi -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_BSD_SOURCE -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align -Wundef -Wconversion $CXXFLAGS" ;; esac if test "$kde_use_strict_options" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-Wcast-qual -Wbad-function-cast -Wshadow -Wcast-align $CXXFLAGS" fi if test "$kde_very_strict" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-Wold-style-cast -Wredundant-decls -Wconversion $CXXFLAGS" fi else CXXFLAGS="-O2 $CXXFLAGS" fi fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CXXFLAGS" fi if test "$kde_use_profiling" = "yes"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(pg, [ CFLAGS="-pg $CFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="-pg $CXXFLAGS" ]) fi KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-exceptions,[CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-exceptions"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-check-new, [CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-check-new"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fexceptions, [USE_EXCEPTIONS="-fexceptions"], USE_EXCEPTIONS= ) AC_SUBST(USE_EXCEPTIONS) dnl obsolete macro - provided to keep things going USE_RTTI= AC_SUBST(USE_RTTI) case "$host" in *-*-irix*) test "$GXX" = yes && CXXFLAGS="-D_LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS -D__LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS $CXXFLAGS" ;; *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CXXFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE $CXXFLAGS";; *-*-sysv5uw7*) CXXFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE7 $CXXFLAGS";; *-*-solaris*) if test "$GXX" = yes; then libstdcpp=`$CXX -print-file-name=libstdc++.so` if test ! -f $libstdcpp; then AC_MSG_ERROR([You've compiled gcc without --enable-shared. This doesn't work with KDE. Please recompile gcc with --enable-shared to receive a libstdc++.so]) fi fi ;; esac AC_VALIDIFY_CXXFLAGS AC_PROG_CXXCPP # the following is to allow programs, that are known to # have problems when compiled with -O2 if test -n "$CXXFLAGS"; then kde_safe_IFS=$IFS IFS=" " NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="" for i in $CXXFLAGS; do case $i in -O*) ;; *) NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="$NOOPT_CXXFLAGS $i" ;; esac done IFS=$kde_safe_IFS fi AC_SUBST(NOOPT_CXXFLAGS) KDE_CHECK_FINAL ifdef([AM_DEPENDENCIES], AC_REQUIRE([KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES]), []) KDE_CXXFLAGS= AC_SUBST(KDE_CXXFLAGS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES, [ [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CC) [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CXX) ]) dnl just a wrapper to clean up configure.in AC_DEFUN(KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_SHARED]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_STATIC]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_LIBTOOL_DLOPEN]) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_OBJEXT AC_EXEEXT AC_LANG_RESTORE AM_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_LIBTOOL_CXX LIBTOOL_SHELL="/bin/sh ./libtool" # LIBTOOL="$LIBTOOL --silent" KDE_PLUGIN="-avoid-version -module -no-undefined \$(KDE_RPATH)" AC_SUBST(KDE_PLUGIN) AC_ARG_ENABLE(objprelink, [ --enable-objprelink prelink apps using objprelink (experimental [only tested on linux/386])], kde_use_objprelink=$enableval, kde_use_objprelink=no) if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then KDE_FIND_PATH(objprelink, OBJPRELINK, [], [kde_use_objprelink=no]) if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then AC_MSG_CHECKING([Patching libtool to run objprelink.]) mv libtool libtool.orig cat > libtool <<\EOF #! /bin/sh for n ; do case $n in *.o) test -r $n && echo objprelink $n && objprelink $n ;; *.lo) m=`basename $n .lo`".o" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m m=".libs/$m" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m ;; esac; done EOF cat >> libtool libtool.orig rm libtool.orig chmod a+x libtool AC_MSG_RESULT(done) fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_TYPES, [ AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char *, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char, 1)dnl ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_DO_IT_ALL, [ AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM AC_ARG_PROGRAM AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE($1, $2) AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) AC_CHECK_COMPILERS KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AM_KDE_WITH_NLS AC_PATH_KDE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_RPATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for rpath) AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath, [ --disable-rpath do not use the rpath feature of ld], USE_RPATH=$enableval, USE_RPATH=yes) if test -z "$KDE_RPATH" && test "$USE_RPATH" = "yes"; then KDE_RPATH="-R \$(kde_libraries)" if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(qt_libraries)" fi dnl $x_libraries is set to /usr/lib in case if test -n "$X_LDFLAGS"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(x_libraries)" fi if test -n "$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH \$(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH)" fi fi AC_SUBST(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH) AC_SUBST(KDE_RPATH) AC_MSG_RESULT($USE_RPATH) ]) dnl Check for the type of the third argument of getsockname AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_SOCKLEN_T, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for socklen_t) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_socklen_t, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ socklen_t a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_socklen_t=socklen_t, AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ int a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_socklen_t=int, ac_cv_socklen_t=size_t ) ) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_socklen_t) if test "$ac_cv_socklen_t" != "socklen_t"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(socklen_t, $ac_cv_socklen_t, [Define the real type of socklen_t]) fi AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(ksize_t, socklen_t, [Compatibility define]) ]) dnl This is a merge of some macros out of the gettext aclocal.m4 dnl since we don't need anything, I took the things we need dnl the copyright for them is: dnl > dnl Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. dnl This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. dnl This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without dnl even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A dnl PARTICULAR PURPOSE. dnl > dnl for this file it is relicensed under LGPL AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_WITH_NLS, [ dnl If we use NLS figure out what method AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(MSGFMT, msgfmt, [test -n "`$ac_dir/$ac_word --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"], msgfmt) AC_PATH_PROG(GMSGFMT, gmsgfmt, $MSGFMT) if test -z "`$GMSGFMT --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([found msgfmt program is not GNU msgfmt; ignore it]) GMSGFMT=":" fi MSGFMT=$GMSGFMT AC_SUBST(GMSGFMT) AC_SUBST(MSGFMT) AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(XGETTEXT, xgettext, [test -z "`$ac_dir/$ac_word -h 2>&1 | grep '(HELP)'`"], :) dnl Test whether we really found GNU xgettext. if test "$XGETTEXT" != ":"; then dnl If it is no GNU xgettext we define it as : so that the dnl Makefiles still can work. if $XGETTEXT --omit-header /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then : ; else AC_MSG_RESULT( [found xgettext programs is not GNU xgettext; ignore it]) XGETTEXT=":" fi fi AC_SUBST(XGETTEXT) ]) # Search path for a program which passes the given test. # Ulrich Drepper , 1996. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I appended a _KDE against name conflicts dnl AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(VARIABLE, PROG-TO-CHECK-FOR, dnl TEST-PERFORMED-ON-FOUND_PROGRAM [, VALUE-IF-NOT-FOUND [, PATH]]) AC_DEFUN(AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE, [# Extract the first word of "$2", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $2; ac_word=[$]2 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $ac_word]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_$1, [case "[$]$1" in /*) ac_cv_path_$1="[$]$1" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) IFS="${IFS= }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for ac_dir in ifelse([$5], , $PATH, [$5]); do test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then if [$3]; then ac_cv_path_$1="$ac_dir/$ac_word" break fi fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" dnl If no 4th arg is given, leave the cache variable unset, dnl so AC_PATH_PROGS will keep looking. ifelse([$4], , , [ test -z "[$]ac_cv_path_$1" && ac_cv_path_$1="$4" ])dnl ;; esac])dnl $1="$ac_cv_path_$1" if test -n "[$]$1"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$]$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) fi AC_SUBST($1)dnl ]) # Check whether LC_MESSAGES is available in . # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 AC_DEFUN(AM_LC_MESSAGES, [if test $ac_cv_header_locale_h = yes; then AC_CACHE_CHECK([for LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include ], [return LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=yes, am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=no)]) if test $am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LC_MESSAGES, 1, [Define if your locale.h file contains LC_MESSAGES]) fi fi]) dnl From Jim Meyering. dnl FIXME: migrate into libit. AC_DEFUN([AM_FUNC_OBSTACK], [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for obstacks], am_cv_func_obstack, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include "obstack.h"], [struct obstack *mem;obstack_free(mem,(char *) 0)], am_cv_func_obstack=yes, am_cv_func_obstack=no)]) if test $am_cv_func_obstack = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OBSTACK) else LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS obstack.o" fi ]) dnl From Jim Meyering. Use this if you use the GNU error.[ch]. dnl FIXME: Migrate into libit AC_DEFUN([AM_FUNC_ERROR_AT_LINE], [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for error_at_line], am_cv_lib_error_at_line, [AC_TRY_LINK([],[error_at_line(0, 0, "", 0, "");], am_cv_lib_error_at_line=yes, am_cv_lib_error_at_line=no)]) if test $am_cv_lib_error_at_line = no; then LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS error.o" fi AC_SUBST(LIBOBJS)dnl ]) # Macro to add for using GNU gettext. # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I put a KDE in it to avoid name conflicts AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_GNU_GETTEXT, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_MAKE_SET])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_RANLIB])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_HEADER_STDC])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_OFF_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_SIZE_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_ALLOCA])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_MMAP])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AM_KDE_WITH_NLS])dnl AC_CHECK_HEADERS([argz.h limits.h locale.h nl_types.h string.h values.h alloca.h]) AC_CHECK_FUNCS([getcwd munmap putenv setenv setlocale strchr strcasecmp \ __argz_count __argz_stringify __argz_next]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for stpcpy) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_func_stpcpy, [ kde_safe_cxxflags=$CXXFLAGS CXXFLAGS="-Wmissing-prototypes -Werror" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include ], [ char buffer[200]; stpcpy(buffer, buffer); ], kde_cv_func_stpcpy=yes, kde_cv_func_stpcpy=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE CXXFLAGS=$kde_safe_cxxflags ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_func_stpcpy) if eval "test \"`echo $kde_cv_func_stpcpy`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STPCPY, 1, [Define if you have stpcpy]) fi AM_LC_MESSAGES if test "x$CATOBJEXT" != "x"; then if test "x$ALL_LINGUAS" = "x"; then LINGUAS= else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for catalogs to be installed) NEW_LINGUAS= for lang in ${LINGUAS=$ALL_LINGUAS}; do case "$ALL_LINGUAS" in *$lang*) NEW_LINGUAS="$NEW_LINGUAS $lang" ;; esac done LINGUAS=$NEW_LINGUAS AC_MSG_RESULT($LINGUAS) fi dnl Construct list of names of catalog files to be constructed. if test -n "$LINGUAS"; then for lang in $LINGUAS; do CATALOGS="$CATALOGS $lang$CATOBJEXT"; done fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_XPM, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$XPM_LDFLAGS" && XPM_LDFLAGS= test -z "$XPM_INCLUDE" && XPM_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(xpm, [ --without-xpm disable color pixmap XPM tests], xpm_test=$withval, xpm_test="yes") if test "x$xpm_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_xpm=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for XPM) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_xpm, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS $LDFLAGS $XPM_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lXpm -lX11 -lXext $LIBZ $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES $USER_INCLUDES" test -n "$XPM_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$XPM_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include ],[], ac_cv_have_xpm="yes",ac_cv_have_xpm="no") LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_xpm" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) XPM_LDFLAGS="" XPMINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XPM, 1, [Define if you have XPM support]) if test "$XPM_LDFLAGS" = ""; then XPMLIB='-lXpm $(LIB_X11)' else XPMLIB="-L$XPM_LDFLAGS -lXpm "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$XPM_INCLUDE" = ""; then XPMINC="" else XPMINC="-I$XPM_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(XPMINC) AC_SUBST(XPMLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_DPMS, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" && DPMS_LDFLAGS= test -z "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && DPMS_INCLUDE= DPMS_LIB= AC_ARG_WITH(dpms, [ --without-dpms disable DPMS power saving], dpms_test=$withval, dpms_test="yes") if test "x$dpms_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_dpms=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for DPMS) dnl Note: ac_cv_have_dpms can be no, yes, or -lXdpms. dnl 'yes' means DPMS_LIB="", '-lXdpms' means DPMS_LIB="-lXdpms". AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_dpms, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" ac_save_libs="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $DPMS_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include #include #include int foo_test_dpms() { return DPMSSetTimeouts( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); }],[], ac_cv_have_dpms="yes", [ LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $DPMS_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" LIBS="$LIBS -lXdpms" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include #include #include int foo_test_dpms() { return DPMSSetTimeouts( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); }],[], [ ac_cv_have_dpms="-lXdpms" ],ac_cv_have_dpms="no") ]) LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" LIBS="$ac_save_libs" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_dpms" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) DPMS_LDFLAGS="" DPMSINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DPMS, 1, [Define if you have DPMS support]) if test "$ac_cv_have_dpms" = "-lXdpms"; then DPMS_LIB="-lXdpms" fi if test "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" = ""; then DPMSLIB="$DPMS_LIB "'$(LIB_X11)' else DPMSLIB="$DPMS_LDFLAGS $DPMS_LIB "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$DPMS_INCLUDE" = ""; then DPMSINC="" else DPMSINC="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(DPMSINC) AC_SUBST(DPMSLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_GL, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$GL_LDFLAGS" && GL_LDFLAGS= test -z "$GL_INCLUDE" && GL_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(gl, [ --without-gl disable 3D GL modes], gl_test=$withval, gl_test="yes") if test "x$gl_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_gl=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for GL) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_gl, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [], ac_cv_have_gl="mesa", ac_cv_have_gl="no") if test "x$ac_cv_have_gl" = "xno"; then LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags $X_LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lGL -lGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [], ac_cv_have_gl="yes", ac_cv_have_gl="no") fi LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) GL_LDFLAGS="" GLINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GL, 1, [Defines if you have GL (Mesa, OpenGL, ...)]) if test "$GL_LDFLAGS" = ""; then if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB='-lMesaGL -lMesaGLU $(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB='-lGL -lGLU $(LIB_X11)' fi else if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lGL -lGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' fi fi if test "$GL_INCLUDE" = ""; then GLINC="" else GLINC="-I$GL_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_gl) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(GLINC) AC_SUBST(GLLIB) ]) dnl shadow password and PAM magic - maintained by ossi@kde.org AC_DEFUN(KDE_PAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_ARG_WITH(pam, [ --with-pam[=ARG] enable support for PAM: ARG=[yes|no|service name]], [ if test "x$withval" = "xyes"; then use_pam=yes pam_service=kde elif test "x$withval" = "xno"; then use_pam=no else use_pam=yes pam_service=$withval fi ac_cv_path_pam="use_pam=$use_pam pam_service=$pam_service" ], [ AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_pam, [ use_pam=no AC_CHECK_LIB(pam, pam_start, [ AC_CHECK_HEADER(security/pam_appl.h, [ use_pam=yes pam_service=kde ]) ], , $LIBDL) ac_cv_path_pam="use_pam=$use_pam pam_service=$pam_service" ]) ]) eval "$ac_cv_path_pam" AC_MSG_CHECKING(for PAM) if test "x$use_pam" = xno; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) PAMLIBS="" else AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PAM, 1, [Defines if you have PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)]) PAMLIBS="$PAM_MISC_LIB -lpam $LIBDL" dnl test whether struct pam_message is const (Linux) or not (Sun) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for const pam_message) AC_EGREP_HEADER([struct pam_message], security/pam_appl.h, [ AC_EGREP_HEADER([const struct pam_message], security/pam_appl.h, [AC_MSG_RESULT([const: Linux-type PAM])], [AC_MSG_RESULT([nonconst: Sun-type PAM]) AC_DEFINE(PAM_MESSAGE_NONCONST, 1, [Define if your PAM support takes non-const arguments (Solaris)])] )], [AC_MSG_RESULT([not found - assume const, Linux-type PAM])]) fi AC_SUBST(PAMLIBS) ]) dnl DEF_PAM_SERVICE(arg name, full name, define name) AC_DEFUN(DEF_PAM_SERVICE, [ AC_ARG_WITH($1-pam, [ --with-$1-pam=[val] override PAM service from --with-pam for $2], [ if test "x$use_pam" = xyes; then $3_PAM_SERVICE="$withval" else AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot use use --with-$1-pam, as no PAM was detected. You may want to enforce it by using --with-pam.]) fi ], [ if test "x$use_pam" = xyes; then $3_PAM_SERVICE="$pam_service" fi ]) if test -n "$$3_PAM_SERVICE"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([The PAM service used by $2 will be $$3_PAM_SERVICE]) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED($3_PAM_SERVICE, "$$3_PAM_SERVICE", [The PAM service to be used by $2]) fi AC_SUBST($3_PAM_SERVICE) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SHADOWPASSWD, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_PAM]) AC_CHECK_LIB(shadow, getspent, [ LIBSHADOW="-lshadow" ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ dnl for UnixWare AC_CHECK_LIB(gen, getspent, [ LIBGEN="-lgen" ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ AC_CHECK_FUNC(getspent, [ ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ ac_use_shadow=no ]) ]) ]) AC_SUBST(LIBSHADOW) AC_SUBST(LIBGEN) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for shadow passwords]) AC_ARG_WITH(shadow, [ --with-shadow If you want shadow password support ], [ if test "x$withval" != "xno"; then use_shadow=yes else use_shadow=no fi ], [ use_shadow="$ac_use_shadow" ]) if test "x$use_shadow" = xyes; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SHADOW, 1, [Define if you use shadow passwords]) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBSHADOW= LIBGEN= fi dnl finally make the relevant binaries setuid root, if we have shadow passwds. dnl this still applies, if we could use it indirectly through pam. if test "x$use_shadow" = xyes || ( test "x$use_pam" = xyes && test "x$ac_use_shadow" = xyes ); then case $host in *-*-freebsd* | *-*-netbsd* | *-*-openbsd*) SETUIDFLAGS="-m 4755 -o root";; *) SETUIDFLAGS="-m 4755";; esac fi AC_SUBST(SETUIDFLAGS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_PASSWDLIBS, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) dnl for LIBCRYPT AC_REQUIRE([KDE_PAM]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_SHADOWPASSWD]) if test "x$use_pam" = "xyes"; then PASSWDLIBS="$PAMLIBS" else PASSWDLIBS="$LIBCRYPT $LIBSHADOW $LIBGEN" fi AC_SUBST(PASSWDLIBS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBDL, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen, [ LIBDL="-ldl" ac_cv_have_dlfcn=yes ]) AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_unload, [ LIBDL="-ldld" ac_cv_have_shload=yes ]) AC_SUBST(LIBDL) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN, [ KDE_CHECK_LIBDL AC_CHECK_HEADERS(dlfcn.h dl.h) if test "$ac_cv_header_dlfcn_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_dlfcn=no fi if test "$ac_cv_header_dl_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_shload=no fi dnl XXX why change enable_dlopen? its already set by autoconf's AC_ARG_ENABLE dnl (MM) AC_ARG_ENABLE(dlopen, [ --disable-dlopen link statically [default=no]] , enable_dlopen=$enableval, enable_dlopen=yes) # override the user's opinion, if we know it better ;) if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "no" && test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "no"; then enable_dlopen=no fi if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DLFCN, 1, [Define if you have dlfcn]) fi if test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SHLOAD, 1, [Define if you have shload]) fi if test "$enable_dlopen" = no ; then test -n "$1" && eval $1 else test -n "$2" && eval $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DYNAMIC_LOADING, [ KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN(libtool_enable_shared=yes, libtool_enable_static=no) KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_MSG_CHECKING([dynamic loading]) eval "`egrep '^build_libtool_libs=' libtool`" if test "$build_libtool_libs" = "yes" && test "$enable_dlopen" = "yes"; then dynamic_loading=yes AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING) else dynamic_loading=no fi AC_MSG_RESULT($dynamic_loading) if test "$dynamic_loading" = "yes"; then $1 else $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_INCLUDES, [ if test -z "$1"; then test_include="Pix.h" else test_include="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libg++ ($test_include)]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libgpp_includes, [ kde_cv_libgpp_includes=no for ac_dir in \ \ /usr/include/g++ \ /usr/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /opt/include \ $extra_include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$test_include"; then kde_cv_libgpp_includes=$ac_dir break fi done ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_libgpp_includes) if test "$kde_cv_libgpp_includes" != "no"; then all_includes="-I$kde_cv_libgpp_includes $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MICO, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MICO) if test -z "$MICODIR"; then kde_micodir=/usr/local else kde_micodir="$MICODIR" fi AC_ARG_WITH(micodir, [ --with-micodir=micodir where mico is installed ], kde_micodir=$withval, kde_micodir=$kde_micodir ) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_incdir, [ mico_incdirs="$kde_micodir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include /usr/local/include /opt/local/include $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(CORBA.h, $mico_incdirs, kde_cv_mico_incdir) ]) kde_micodir=`echo $kde_cv_mico_incdir | sed -e 's#/include##'` if test ! -r $kde_micodir/include/CORBA.h; then AC_MSG_ERROR([No CORBA.h found, specify another micodir]) fi AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_micodir) MICO_INCLUDES=-I$kde_micodir/include AC_SUBST(MICO_INCLUDES) MICO_LDFLAGS=-L$kde_micodir/lib AC_SUBST(MICO_LDFLAGS) micodir=$kde_micodir AC_SUBST(micodir) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for MICO version]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_version, [ AC_LANG_C cat >conftest.$ac_ext < #include int main() { printf("MICO_VERSION=%s\n",MICO_VERSION); return (0); } EOF ac_compile='${CC-gcc} $CFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES conftest.$ac_ext -o conftest' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then if eval `./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_cv_mico_version=$MICO_VERSION else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to execute a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi ]) dnl installed MICO version mico_v_maj=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_mid=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_min=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "x$1" = "x"; then req_version="2.3.0" else req_version=$1 fi dnl required MICO version req_v_maj=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` req_v_mid=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` req_v_min=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "$mico_v_maj" -lt "$req_v_maj" || \ ( test "$mico_v_maj" -eq "$req_v_maj" && \ test "$mico_v_mid" -lt "$req_v_mid" ) || \ ( test "$mico_v_mid" -eq "$req_v_mid" && \ test "$mico_v_min" -lt "$req_v_min" ) then AC_MSG_ERROR([found MICO version $kde_cv_mico_version but version $req_version \ at least is required. You should upgrade MICO.]) else AC_MSG_RESULT([$kde_cv_mico_version (minimum version $req_version, ok)]) fi LIBMICO="-lmico$kde_cv_mico_version $LIBCRYPT $LIBSOCKET $LIBDL" AC_SUBST(LIBMICO) if test -z "$IDL"; then IDL='$(kde_bindir)/cuteidl' fi AC_SUBST(IDL) IDL_DEPENDENCIES='$(kde_includes)/CUTE.h' AC_SUBST(IDL_DEPENDENCIES) idldir="\$(includedir)/idl" AC_SUBST(idldir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MINI_STL, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_MICO]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we use mico's mini-STL) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_mini_stl, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_cxxflags="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_COMPILE( [ #include ], [ #ifdef HAVE_MINI_STL #error "nothing" #endif ], kde_cv_have_mini_stl=no, kde_cv_have_mini_stl=yes) CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_cxxflags" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "x$kde_cv_have_mini_stl" = "xyes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(pthread, pthread_create, [LIBPTHREAD="-lpthread"] ) AC_SUBST(LIBPTHREAD) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PTHREAD_OPTION, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(kernel-threads, [ --enable-kernel-threads Enable the use of the LinuxThreads port on FreeBSD/i386 only.], kde_use_kernthreads=$enableval, kde_use_kernthreads=no) if test "$kde_use_kernthreads" = "yes"; then ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads $CXXFLAGS" CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads $CFLAGS" AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread/linuxthreads/pthread.h) CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" if test "$ac_cv_header_pthread_linuxthreads_pthread_h" = "no"; then kde_use_kernthreads=no else dnl Add proper -I and -l statements AC_CHECK_LIB(lthread, pthread_join, [LIBPTHREAD="-llthread -llgcc_r"]) dnl for FreeBSD if test "x$LIBPTHREAD" = "x"; then kde_use_kernthreads=no else USE_THREADS="-D_THREAD_SAFE -I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads" fi fi else USE_THREADS="" if test -z "$LIBPTHREAD"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(pthread, [USE_THREADS="-pthread"] ) fi fi case $host_os in solaris*) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(mt, [USE_THREADS="-mt"]) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_REENTRANT -D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS -DUSE_SOLARIS -DSVR4" echo "Setting Solaris pthread compilation options" ;; freebsd*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_THREAD_SAFE" echo "Setting FreeBSD pthread compilation options" ;; aix*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_THREAD_SAFE" LIBPTHREAD="$LIBPTHREAD -lc_r" echo "Setting AIX pthread compilation options" ;; linux*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_REENTRANT" USE_THREADS="$USE_THREADS -DPIC -fPIC" echo "Setting Linux pthread compilation options" ;; *) ;; esac AC_SUBST(USE_THREADS) AC_SUBST(LIBPTHREAD) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_THREADING, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_PTHREAD_OPTION]) dnl default is yes if libpthread is found and no if no libpthread is available if test -z "$LIBPTHREAD"; then kde_check_threading_default=no else kde_check_threading_default=yes fi AC_ARG_ENABLE(threading, [ --disable-threading disables threading even if libpthread found ], kde_use_threading=$enableval, kde_use_threading=$kde_check_threading_default) if test "x$kde_use_threading" = "xyes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD, 1, [Define if you have a working libpthread (will enable threaded code)]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON, [ if test "$kde_python_link_found" = no; then if test "$1" = normal; then AC_MSG_CHECKING(if a Python application links) else AC_MSG_CHECKING(if Python depends on $2) fi AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_try_link_python_$1, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C kde_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PYTHONINC" kde_save_libs="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBPYTHON $2 $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $PYTHONLIB" AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ],[ PySys_SetArgv(1, 0); ], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=yes], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=no] ) CFLAGS="$kde_save_cflags" LIBS="$kde_save_libs" LDFLAGS="$kde_save_ldflags" ]) if test "$kde_cv_try_link_python_$1" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) kde_python_link_found=yes if test ! "$1" = normal; then LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $2" fi $3 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $4 fi AC_LANG_RESTORE fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_DIR, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python directory]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_pythondir, [ if test -z "$PYTHONDIR"; then kde_cv_pythondir=/usr/local else kde_cv_pythondir="$PYTHONDIR" fi ]) AC_ARG_WITH(pythondir, [ --with-pythondir=pythondir use python installed in pythondir ], [ ac_python_dir=$withval ], ac_python_dir=$kde_cv_pythondir ) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_python_dir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_DIR]) if test -z "$1"; then version="1.5" else version="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python$version]) python_incdirs="$ac_python_dir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include/ $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) python_incdir=$python_incdir/python$version if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then python_incdir=no fi fi PYTHONINC=-I$python_incdir python_libdirs="$ac_python_dir/lib /usr/lib /usr/local /usr/lib $kde_extra_libs" AC_FIND_FILE(libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/config/libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) python_libdir=$python_libdir/python$version/config if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then python_libdir=no fi fi PYTHONLIB=-L$python_libdir kde_orig_LIBPYTHON=$LIBPYTHON if test -z "$LIBPYTHON"; then LIBPYTHON=-lpython$version fi python_libdirs="$ac_python_dir/lib /usr/lib /usr/local /usr/lib $kde_extra_libs" AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/copy.py, $python_libdirs, python_moddir) python_moddir=$python_moddir/python$version if test ! -r $python_moddir/copy.py; then python_moddir=no fi PYTHONMODDIR=$python_moddir AC_MSG_RESULT(header $python_incdir library $python_libdir modules $python_moddir) if test x$python_incdir = xno || test x$python_libdir = xno || test x$python_moddir = xno; then LIBPYTHON=$kde_orig_LIBPYTHON test "x$PYTHONLIB" = "x-Lno" && PYTHONLIB="" test "x$PYTHONINC" = "x-Ino" && PYTHONINC="" $2 else dnl Note: this test is very weak kde_python_link_found=no KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(normal) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m, -lm) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(pthread, $LIBPTHREAD) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(tcl, -ltcl) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_util, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db3, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb-3 -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(pthread_and_db3, [$LIBPTHREAD -ldb-3]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb -ltermcap -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db_special, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb -lutil], [], [AC_MSG_WARN([it seems, Python depends on another library. Pleae use \"make LIBPYTHON='-lpython$version -lotherlib'\" to fix this and contact the authors to let them know about this problem]) ]) LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" AC_SUBST(PYTHONINC) AC_SUBST(PYTHONLIB) AC_SUBST(LIBPYTHON) AC_SUBST(PYTHONMODDIR) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PYTHON, 1, [Define if you have the development files for python]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON, [ KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN("2.1", [KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN("2.0", [ KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN($1, $2) ]) ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is SGI like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_sgi, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hallo Welt."; astring.erase(0, 6); // now astring is "Welt" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_sgi) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SGI_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by SGI]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_HP, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is HP like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_hp, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hello World"; astring.remove(0, 6); // now astring is "World" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_hp=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_hp=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_hp) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_HP_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by HP]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="`echo $CXXFLAGS | sed s/-fno-exceptions//`" KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "no"; then KDE_CHECK_STL_HP if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR("no known STL type found") fi fi CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_QIMGIO, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for qimgio]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_qimgio, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" LIBS="$all_libraries -lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG $LIBQT" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" AC_TRY_RUN(dnl [ #include #include int main() { QString t = "hallo"; t.fill('t'); qInitImageIO(); } ], ac_cv_lib_qimgio=yes, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no) LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ])dnl if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_qimgio`\" = yes"; then LIBQIMGIO="-lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_QIMGIO, 1, [Define if you have the Qt extension qimgio available]) AC_SUBST(LIBQIMGIO) else AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_ANSI, [ ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_INSURE, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(insure, [ --enable-insure use insure++ for debugging [default=no]], [ if test $enableval = "no"; dnl then ac_use_insure="no" else ac_use_insure="yes" fi ], [ac_use_insure="no"]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we will use Insure++ to debug) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_use_insure) if test "$ac_use_insure" = "yes"; dnl then CC="insure"; CXX="insure"; dnl CFLAGS="$CLAGS -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions "???? fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES, [ AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_STATIC]) AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_SHARED]) enable_static=no enable_shared=yes ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_UTMP_FILE, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for utmp file]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_utmp_file, [ kde_cv_utmp_file=no for ac_file in \ \ /var/run/utmp \ /var/adm/utmp \ /etc/utmp \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_file"; then kde_cv_utmp_file=$ac_file break fi done ]) if test "$kde_cv_utmp_file" != "no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UTMP, "$kde_cv_utmp_file", [Define the file for utmp entries]) $1 AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_utmp_file) else $2 AC_MSG_RESULT([non found]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CREATE_SUBDIRSLIST, [ DO_NOT_COMPILE="$DO_NOT_COMPILE CVS debian bsd-port admin" if test ! -s $srcdir/subdirs; then dnl Note: Makefile.common creates subdirs, so this is just a fallback TOPSUBDIRS="" files=`cd $srcdir && ls -1` dirs=`for i in $files; do if test -d $i; then echo $i; fi; done` for i in $dirs; do echo $i >> $srcdir/subdirs done fi if test -s $srcdir/inst-apps; then ac_topsubdirs="`cat $srcdir/inst-apps`" else ac_topsubdirs="`cat $srcdir/subdirs`" fi for i in $ac_topsubdirs; do AC_MSG_CHECKING([if $i should be compiled]) if test -d $srcdir/$i; then install_it="yes" for j in $DO_NOT_COMPILE; do if test $i = $j; then install_it="no" fi done else install_it="no" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($install_it) if test $install_it = "yes"; then TOPSUBDIRS="$TOPSUBDIRS $i" fi done AC_SUBST(TOPSUBDIRS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NAMESPACES, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether C++ compiler supports namespaces) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ ], [ namespace Foo { extern int i; namespace Bar { extern int i; } } int Foo::i = 0; int Foo::Bar::i = 1; ],[ AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_NAMESPACES) ], [ AC_MSG_RESULT(no) ]) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NEWLIBS, [ ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for S_ISSOCK macro. Doesn't exist on Unix SCO. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_S_ISSOCK, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for S_ISSOCK) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_s_issock, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ], [ struct stat buff; int b = S_ISSOCK( buff.st_mode ); ], ac_cv_have_s_issock=yes, ac_cv_have_s_issock=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_s_issock) if test "$ac_cv_have_s_issock" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_S_ISSOCK, 1, [Define if sys/stat.h declares S_ISSOCK.]) fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for MAXPATHLEN macro, defines KDEMAXPATHLEN. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_KDEMAXPATHLEN, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MAXPATHLEN) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_maxpathlen, [ AC_LANG_C cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include #ifndef MAXPATHLEN #define MAXPATHLEN 1024 #endif KDE_HELLO MAXPATHLEN EOF ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext 2>/dev/null | grep '^KDE_HELLO' >conftest.out" if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_try) && test -s conftest.out; then ac_cv_maxpathlen=`sed 's#KDE_HELLO ##' conftest.out` else ac_cv_maxpathlen=1024 fi rm conftest.* ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_maxpathlen) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(KDEMAXPATHLEN,$ac_cv_maxpathlen, [Define a safe value for MAXPATHLEN] ) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- dnl See if the compiler supports a template repository bero@redhat.de dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- AC_DEFUN(KDE_COMPILER_REPO, [ REPO="" NOREPO="" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(frepo, [ REPO="-frepo" NOREPO="-fno-repo" ]) if test -z "$REPO"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(instances=explicit, [ REPO="-instances=explicit" NOREPO="-instances=extern" ]) fi if test -n "$REPO"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_TEMPLATE_REPOSITORY, 1, [C++ compiler supports template repository]) $1 fi AC_SUBST(REPO) AC_SUBST(NOREPO) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_HEADER, [ AC_LANG_SAVE kde_safe_cppflags=$CPPFLAGS CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $all_includes" AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_CHECK_HEADER($1, $2, $3) CPPFLAGS=$kde_safe_cppflags AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FAST_CONFIGURE, [ dnl makes configure fast (needs perl) AC_ARG_ENABLE(fast-perl, [ --disable-fast-perl disable fast Makefile generation (needs perl)], with_fast_perl=$enableval, with_fast_perl=yes) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CONF_FILES, [ val= if test -f $srcdir/configure.files ; then val=`sed -e 's%^%\$(top_srcdir)/%' $srcdir/configure.files` fi CONF_FILES= if test -n "$val" ; then for i in $val ; do CONF_FILES="$CONF_FILES $i" done fi AC_SUBST(CONF_FILES) ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PREFIX, [ unset CDPATH dnl make $KDEDIR the default for the installation AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) if test "x$prefix" = "xNONE"; then prefix=$ac_default_prefix ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args --prefix $prefix" fi KDE_FAST_CONFIGURE KDE_CONF_FILES ]) pushdef([AC_PROG_INSTALL], [ dnl our own version, testing for a -p flag popdef([AC_PROG_INSTALL]) dnl as AC_PROG_INSTALL works as it works we first have dnl to save if the user didn't specify INSTALL, as the dnl autoconf one overwrites INSTALL and we have no chance to find dnl out afterwards test -n "$INSTALL" && kde_save_INSTALL_given=$INSTALL test -n "$INSTALL_PROGRAM" && kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given=$INSTALL_PROGRAM test -n "$INSTALL_SCRIPT" && kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given=$INSTALL_SCRIPT AC_PROG_INSTALL if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_given" ; then # OK, user hasn't given any INSTALL, autoconf found one for us # now we test, if it supports the -p flag AC_MSG_CHECKING(for -p flag to install) rm -f confinst.$$.* > /dev/null 2>&1 echo "Testtest" > confinst.$$.orig ac_res=no if ${INSTALL} -p confinst.$$.orig confinst.$$.new > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then if test -f confinst.$$.new ; then # OK, -p seems to do no harm to install INSTALL="${INSTALL} -p" ac_res=yes fi fi rm -f confinst.$$.* AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_res) fi dnl the following tries to resolve some signs and wonders coming up dnl with different autoconf/automake versions dnl e.g.: dnl *automake 1.4 install-strip sets A_M_INSTALL_PROGRAM_FLAGS to -s dnl and has INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ $(A_M_INSTALL_PROGRAM_FLAGS) dnl it header-vars.am, so there the actual INSTALL_PROGRAM gets the -s dnl *automake 1.4a (and above) use INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG and only has dnl INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ there, but changes the dnl install-@DIR@PROGRAMS targets to explicitly use that flag dnl *autoconf 2.13 is dumb, and thinks it can use INSTALL_PROGRAM as dnl INSTALL_SCRIPT, which breaks with automake <= 1.4 dnl *autoconf >2.13 (since 10.Apr 1999) has not that failure dnl *sometimes KDE does not use the install-@DIR@PROGRAM targets from dnl automake (due to broken Makefile.am or whatever) to install programs, dnl and so does not see the -s flag in automake > 1.4 dnl to clean up that mess we: dnl +set INSTALL_PROGRAM to use INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG dnl which cleans KDE's program with automake > 1.4; dnl +set INSTALL_SCRIPT to only use INSTALL, to clean up autoconf's problems dnl with automake<=1.4 dnl note that dues to this sometimes two '-s' flags are used (if KDE dnl properly uses install-@DIR@PROGRAMS, but I don't care dnl dnl And to all this comes, that I even can't write in comments variable dnl names used by automake, because it is so stupid to think I wanted to dnl _use_ them, therefor I have written A_M_... instead of AM_ dnl hmm, I wanted to say something ... ahh yes: Arghhh. if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given" ; then INSTALL_PROGRAM='${INSTALL} $(INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG)' fi if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given" ; then INSTALL_SCRIPT='${INSTALL}' fi ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS, [AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&AC_FD_CC' pushdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS], [popdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) ]) pushdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS], [popdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LONG_LONG, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for long long) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_c_long_long, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_LINK([], [ long long foo = 0; foo = foo+1; ], kde_cv_c_long_long=yes, kde_cv_c_long_long=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_c_long_long) if test "$kde_cv_c_long_long" = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LONG_LONG, 1, [Define if you have long long as datatype]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIB, [ kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries" case $host_os in aix*) LIBS="-brtl $LIBS" test "$GCC" = yes && LIBS="-Wl,$LIBS" ;; esac AC_CHECK_LIB($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_INITGROUPS, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST]) AC_CHECK_FUNCS(initgroups) if test "x$ac_cv_func_initgroups" = "xyes"; then case $host_os in aix*) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_MSG_CHECKING([for initgroups prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE( [ #include ], [ char buffer[10]; gid_t id; int x = initgroups(buffer,id); ], kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=yes, kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto) AC_LANG_RESTORE ;; *) kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=yes ;; esac else kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=no fi if test "x$kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto" = "xyes"; then kde_check_initgroups_proto=1 else kde_check_initgroups_proto=0 fi AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_INITGROUPS_PROTO,$kde_check_initgroups_proto, [initgroups may exist but not its prototype (e.g. AIX<4.3.3:8)]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_JAVA_DIR, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Java directory]) AC_ARG_WITH(java, [ --with-java=javadir use java installed in javadir, --without-java disables ], [ ac_java_dir=$withval ], ac_java_dir="" ) dnl at this point ac_java_dir is either a dir, 'no' to disable, or '' to say look in $PATH if test "x$ac_java_dir" = xno; then kde_cv_java_bindir=no kde_cv_java_includedir=no kde_java_libjvmdir=no kde_java_libhpidir=no else if test "x$ac_java_dir" = x; then dnl No option set -> look in $PATH AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_java_bindir, [ dnl First look for javac in $PATH. If not found we'll look at the option. KDE_FIND_PATH(javac, JAVAC, [], []) if test -n "$JAVAC"; then kde_cv_java_bindir=`echo $JAVAC | sed -e 's,/javac$,/,'` dnl this substitution might not work - well, we test for jni.h below kde_cv_java_includedir=`echo $kde_cv_java_bindir | sed -e 's,bin/$,include/,'` else kde_cv_java_bindir=no fi ]) else dnl config option set kde_cv_java_bindir=$ac_java_dir/bin kde_cv_java_includedir=$ac_java_dir/include fi fi dnl At this point kde_cv_java_bindir and kde_cv_java_includedir are either set or "no" if test ! "x$kde_cv_java_bindir" = xno; then dnl Look for libjvm.so kde_java_libjvmdir=`find $kde_cv_java_bindir/.. -name libjvm.so | sed 's,libjvm.so,,'|head -n 1` dnl Look for libhpi.so and avoid green threads kde_java_libhpidir=`find $kde_cv_java_bindir/.. -name libhpi.so | grep -v green | sed 's,libhpi.so,,'` dnl Now check everything's fine under there if test ! -x "$kde_cv_java_bindir/javac"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([javac not found under $kde_cv_java_bindir - it seems you passed a wrong --with-java.]) fi if test ! -x "$kde_cv_java_bindir/javah"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([javah not found under $kde_cv_java_bindir. javac was found though! Use --with-java or --without-java.]) fi if test ! -x "$kde_cv_java_bindir/jar"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([jar not found under $kde_cv_java_bindir. javac was found though! Use --with-java or --without-java.]) fi if test ! -r "$kde_cv_java_includedir/jni.h"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([jni.h not found under $kde_cv_java_includedir. Use --with-java or --without-java.]) fi if test ! -r "$kde_java_libjvmdir/libjvm.so"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([libjvm.so not found under $kde_java_libjvmdir. Use --without-java.]) fi if test ! -r "$kde_java_libhpidir/libhpi.so"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([libhpi.so not found under $kde_java_libhpidir. Use --without-java.]) fi jni_includes="-I$kde_cv_java_includedir" dnl Strange thing, jni.h requires jni_md.h which is under genunix here.. dnl and under linux here.. test -d "$kde_cv_java_includedir/linux" && jni_includes="$jni_includes -I$kde_cv_java_includedir/linux" test -d "$kde_cv_java_includedir/genunix" && jni_includes="$jni_includes -I$kde_cv_java_includedir/genunix" dnl Check for JNI version AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $all_includes $jni_includes" AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include ], [ #ifndef JNI_VERSION_1_2 Syntax Error #endif ],[ kde_jni_works=yes ], [ kde_jni_works=no ]) if test $kde_jni_works = no; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Incorrect version of $kde_cv_java_includedir/jni.h. You need to have Java Development Kit (JDK) version 1.2. Use --with-java to specify another location. Use --without-java to configure without java support. Or download a newer JDK and try again. See e.g. http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2 ]) fi CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" AC_LANG_RESTORE dnl All tests ok, inform and subst the variables AC_MSG_RESULT([javac/javah/jar in $kde_cv_java_bindir, jni.h in $kde_cv_java_includedir]) JAVAC=$kde_cv_java_bindir/javac AC_SUBST(JAVAC) JAVAH=$kde_cv_java_bindir/javah AC_SUBST(JAVAH) JAR=$kde_cv_java_bindir/jar AC_SUBST(JAR) AC_SUBST(jni_includes) JVMLIBS="-L$kde_java_libjvmdir -ljvm -L$kde_cv_java_libhpidir -lhpi" AC_SUBST(JVMLIBS) fi ]) c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/install-sh0000644000076400001440000001273607474404675013421 #!/bin/sh # # install - install a program, script, or datafile # This comes from X11R5 (mit/util/scripts/install.sh). # # Copyright 1991 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology # # Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its # documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that # the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that # copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting # documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in advertising or # publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, # written prior permission. M.I.T. makes no representations about the # suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" # without express or implied warranty. # # Calling this script install-sh is preferred over install.sh, to prevent # `make' implicit rules from creating a file called install from it # when there is no Makefile. # # This script is compatible with the BSD install script, but was written # from scratch. It can only install one file at a time, a restriction # shared with many OS's install programs. # set DOITPROG to echo to test this script # Don't use :- since 4.3BSD and earlier shells don't like it. doit="${DOITPROG-}" # put in absolute paths if you don't have them in your path; or use env. vars. mvprog="${MVPROG-mv}" cpprog="${CPPROG-cp}" chmodprog="${CHMODPROG-chmod}" chownprog="${CHOWNPROG-chown}" chgrpprog="${CHGRPPROG-chgrp}" stripprog="${STRIPPROG-strip}" rmprog="${RMPROG-rm}" mkdirprog="${MKDIRPROG-mkdir}" transformbasename="" transform_arg="" instcmd="$mvprog" chmodcmd="$chmodprog 0755" chowncmd="" chgrpcmd="" stripcmd="" rmcmd="$rmprog -f" mvcmd="$mvprog" src="" dst="" dir_arg="" while [ x"$1" != x ]; do case $1 in -c) instcmd="$cpprog" shift continue;; -d) dir_arg=true shift continue;; -m) chmodcmd="$chmodprog $2" shift shift continue;; -o) chowncmd="$chownprog $2" shift shift continue;; -g) chgrpcmd="$chgrpprog $2" shift shift continue;; -s) stripcmd="$stripprog" shift continue;; -t=*) transformarg=`echo $1 | sed 's/-t=//'` shift continue;; -b=*) transformbasename=`echo $1 | sed 's/-b=//'` shift continue;; *) if [ x"$src" = x ] then src=$1 else # this colon is to work around a 386BSD /bin/sh bug : dst=$1 fi shift continue;; esac done if [ x"$src" = x ] then echo "install: no input file specified" exit 1 else true fi if [ x"$dir_arg" != x ]; then dst=$src src="" if [ -d $dst ]; then instcmd=: chmodcmd="" else instcmd=mkdir fi else # Waiting for this to be detected by the "$instcmd $src $dsttmp" command # might cause directories to be created, which would be especially bad # if $src (and thus $dsttmp) contains '*'. if [ -f $src -o -d $src ] then true else echo "install: $src does not exist" exit 1 fi if [ x"$dst" = x ] then echo "install: no destination specified" exit 1 else true fi # If destination is a directory, append the input filename; if your system # does not like double slashes in filenames, you may need to add some logic if [ -d $dst ] then dst="$dst"/`basename $src` else true fi fi ## this sed command emulates the dirname command dstdir=`echo $dst | sed -e 's,[^/]*$,,;s,/$,,;s,^$,.,'` # Make sure that the destination directory exists. # this part is taken from Noah Friedman's mkinstalldirs script # Skip lots of stat calls in the usual case. if [ ! -d "$dstdir" ]; then defaultIFS=' ' IFS="${IFS-${defaultIFS}}" oIFS="${IFS}" # Some sh's can't handle IFS=/ for some reason. IFS='%' set - `echo ${dstdir} | sed -e 's@/@%@g' -e 's@^%@/@'` IFS="${oIFS}" pathcomp='' while [ $# -ne 0 ] ; do pathcomp="${pathcomp}${1}" shift if [ ! -d "${pathcomp}" ] ; then $mkdirprog "${pathcomp}" else true fi pathcomp="${pathcomp}/" done fi if [ x"$dir_arg" != x ] then $doit $instcmd $dst && if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dst; else true ; fi && if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dst; else true ; fi && if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dst; else true ; fi && if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dst; else true ; fi else # If we're going to rename the final executable, determine the name now. if [ x"$transformarg" = x ] then dstfile=`basename $dst` else dstfile=`basename $dst $transformbasename | sed $transformarg`$transformbasename fi # don't allow the sed command to completely eliminate the filename if [ x"$dstfile" = x ] then dstfile=`basename $dst` else true fi # Make a temp file name in the proper directory. dsttmp=$dstdir/#inst.$$# # Move or copy the file name to the temp name $doit $instcmd $src $dsttmp && trap "rm -f ${dsttmp}" 0 && # and set any options; do chmod last to preserve setuid bits # If any of these fail, we abort the whole thing. If we want to # ignore errors from any of these, just make sure not to ignore # errors from the above "$doit $instcmd $src $dsttmp" command. if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && # Now rename the file to the real destination. $doit $rmcmd -f $dstdir/$dstfile && $doit $mvcmd $dsttmp $dstdir/$dstfile fi && exit 0 c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/config.sub0000644000076400001440000006700507474404675013377 #! /bin/sh # Configuration validation subroutine script. # Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 # Free Software Foundation, Inc. timestamp='2001-08-13' # This file is (in principle) common to ALL GNU software. # The presence of a machine in this file suggests that SOME GNU software # can handle that machine. It does not imply ALL GNU software can. # # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, # Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. # As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you # distribute this file as part of a program that contains a # configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under # the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program. # Please send patches to . # # Configuration subroutine to validate and canonicalize a configuration type. # Supply the specified configuration type as an argument. # If it is invalid, we print an error message on stderr and exit with code 1. # Otherwise, we print the canonical config type on stdout and succeed. # This file is supposed to be the same for all GNU packages # and recognize all the CPU types, system types and aliases # that are meaningful with *any* GNU software. # Each package is responsible for reporting which valid configurations # it does not support. The user should be able to distinguish # a failure to support a valid configuration from a meaningless # configuration. # The goal of this file is to map all the various variations of a given # machine specification into a single specification in the form: # CPU_TYPE-MANUFACTURER-OPERATING_SYSTEM # or in some cases, the newer four-part form: # CPU_TYPE-MANUFACTURER-KERNEL-OPERATING_SYSTEM # It is wrong to echo any other type of specification. me=`echo "$0" | sed -e 's,.*/,,'` usage="\ Usage: $0 [OPTION] CPU-MFR-OPSYS $0 [OPTION] ALIAS Canonicalize a configuration name. Operation modes: -h, --help print this help, then exit -t, --time-stamp print date of last modification, then exit -v, --version print version number, then exit Report bugs and patches to ." version="\ GNU config.sub ($timestamp) Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE." help=" Try \`$me --help' for more information." # Parse command line while test $# -gt 0 ; do case $1 in --time-stamp | --time* | -t ) echo "$timestamp" ; exit 0 ;; --version | -v ) echo "$version" ; exit 0 ;; --help | --h* | -h ) echo "$usage"; exit 0 ;; -- ) # Stop option processing shift; break ;; - ) # Use stdin as input. break ;; -* ) echo "$me: invalid option $1$help" exit 1 ;; *local*) # First pass through any local machine types. echo $1 exit 0;; * ) break ;; esac done case $# in 0) echo "$me: missing argument$help" >&2 exit 1;; 1) ;; *) echo "$me: too many arguments$help" >&2 exit 1;; esac # Separate what the user gave into CPU-COMPANY and OS or KERNEL-OS (if any). # Here we must recognize all the valid KERNEL-OS combinations. maybe_os=`echo $1 | sed 's/^\(.*\)-\([^-]*-[^-]*\)$/\2/'` case $maybe_os in nto-qnx* | linux-gnu* | storm-chaos* | os2-emx* | windows32-*) os=-$maybe_os basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed 's/^\(.*\)-\([^-]*-[^-]*\)$/\1/'` ;; *) basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed 's/-[^-]*$//'` if [ $basic_machine != $1 ] then os=`echo $1 | sed 's/.*-/-/'` else os=; fi ;; esac ### Let's recognize common machines as not being operating systems so ### that things like config.sub decstation-3100 work. We also ### recognize some manufacturers as not being operating systems, so we ### can provide default operating systems below. case $os in -sun*os*) # Prevent following clause from handling this invalid input. ;; -dec* | -mips* | -sequent* | -encore* | -pc532* | -sgi* | -sony* | \ -att* | -7300* | -3300* | -delta* | -motorola* | -sun[234]* | \ -unicom* | -ibm* | -next | -hp | -isi* | -apollo | -altos* | \ -convergent* | -ncr* | -news | -32* | -3600* | -3100* | -hitachi* |\ -c[123]* | -convex* | -sun | -crds | -omron* | -dg | -ultra | -tti* | \ -harris | -dolphin | -highlevel | -gould | -cbm | -ns | -masscomp | \ -apple | -axis) os= basic_machine=$1 ;; -sim | -cisco | -oki | -wec | -winbond) os= basic_machine=$1 ;; -scout) ;; -wrs) os=-vxworks basic_machine=$1 ;; -chorusos*) os=-chorusos basic_machine=$1 ;; -chorusrdb) os=-chorusrdb basic_machine=$1 ;; -hiux*) os=-hiuxwe2 ;; -sco5) os=-sco3.2v5 basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -sco4) os=-sco3.2v4 basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -sco3.2.[4-9]*) os=`echo $os | sed -e 's/sco3.2./sco3.2v/'` basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -sco3.2v[4-9]*) # Don't forget version if it is 3.2v4 or newer. basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -sco*) os=-sco3.2v2 basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -udk*) basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -isc) os=-isc2.2 basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -clix*) basic_machine=clipper-intergraph ;; -isc*) basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-pc/'` ;; -lynx*) os=-lynxos ;; -ptx*) basic_machine=`echo $1 | sed -e 's/86-.*/86-sequent/'` ;; -windowsnt*) os=`echo $os | sed -e 's/windowsnt/winnt/'` ;; -psos*) os=-psos ;; -mint | -mint[0-9]*) basic_machine=m68k-atari os=-mint ;; esac # Decode aliases for certain CPU-COMPANY combinations. case $basic_machine in # Recognize the basic CPU types without company name. # Some are omitted here because they have special meanings below. 1750a | 580 \ | a29k \ | alpha | alphaev[4-8] | alphaev56 | alphaev6[78] | alphapca5[67] \ | arc | arm | arm[bl]e | arme[lb] | armv[2345] | armv[345][lb] | avr \ | c4x | clipper \ | d10v | d30v | dsp16xx \ | fr30 \ | h8300 | h8500 | hppa | hppa1.[01] | hppa2.0 | hppa2.0[nw] | hppa64 \ | i370 | i860 | i960 | ia64 \ | m32r | m68000 | m68k | m88k | mcore \ | mips16 | mips64 | mips64el | mips64orion | mips64orionel \ | mips64vr4100 | mips64vr4100el | mips64vr4300 \ | mips64vr4300el | mips64vr5000 | mips64vr5000el \ | mipsbe | mipsel | mipsle | mipstx39 | mipstx39el \ | mn10200 | mn10300 \ | ns16k | ns32k \ | openrisc \ | pdp10 | pdp11 | pj | pjl \ | powerpc | powerpc64 | powerpc64le | powerpcle | ppcbe \ | pyramid \ | s390 | s390x \ | sh | sh[34] | sh[34]eb | shbe | shle \ | sparc | sparc64 | sparclet | sparclite | sparcv9 | sparcv9b \ | strongarm \ | tahoe | thumb | tic80 | tron \ | v850 \ | we32k \ | x86 | xscale \ | z8k) basic_machine=$basic_machine-unknown ;; m6811 | m68hc11 | m6812 | m68hc12) # Motorola 68HC11/12. basic_machine=$basic_machine-unknown os=-none ;; m88110 | m680[12346]0 | m683?2 | m68360 | m5200 | v70 | w65 | z8k) ;; # We use `pc' rather than `unknown' # because (1) that's what they normally are, and # (2) the word "unknown" tends to confuse beginning users. i*86 | x86_64) basic_machine=$basic_machine-pc ;; # Object if more than one company name word. *-*-*) echo Invalid configuration \`$1\': machine \`$basic_machine\' not recognized 1>&2 exit 1 ;; # Recognize the basic CPU types with company name. 580-* \ | a29k-* \ | alpha-* | alphaev[4-8]-* | alphaev56-* | alphaev6[78]-* \ | alphapca5[67]-* | arc-* \ | arm-* | armbe-* | armle-* | armv*-* \ | bs2000-* \ | c[123]* | c30-* | [cjt]90-* | c54x-* \ | clipper-* | cray2-* | cydra-* \ | d10v-* | d30v-* \ | elxsi-* \ | f30[01]-* | f700-* | fr30-* | fx80-* \ | h8300-* | h8500-* \ | hppa-* | hppa1.[01]-* | hppa2.0-* | hppa2.0[nw]-* | hppa64-* \ | i*86-* | i860-* | i960-* | ia64-* \ | m32r-* \ | m68000-* | m680[01234]0-* | m68360-* | m683?2-* | m68k-* \ | m88110-* | m88k-* | mcore-* \ | mips-* | mips16-* | mips64-* | mips64el-* | mips64orion-* \ | mips64orionel-* | mips64vr4100-* | mips64vr4100el-* \ | mips64vr4300-* | mips64vr4300el-* | mipsbe-* | mipsel-* \ | mipsle-* | mipstx39-* | mipstx39el-* \ | none-* | np1-* | ns16k-* | ns32k-* \ | orion-* \ | pdp10-* | pdp11-* | pj-* | pjl-* | pn-* | power-* \ | powerpc-* | powerpc64-* | powerpc64le-* | powerpcle-* | ppcbe-* \ | pyramid-* \ | romp-* | rs6000-* \ | s390-* | s390x-* \ | sh-* | sh[34]-* | sh[34]eb-* | shbe-* | shle-* \ | sparc-* | sparc64-* | sparc86x-* | sparclite-* \ | sparcv9-* | sparcv9b-* | strongarm-* | sv1-* \ | t3e-* | tahoe-* | thumb-* | tic30-* | tic54x-* | tic80-* | tron-* \ | v850-* | vax-* \ | we32k-* \ | x86-* | x86_64-* | xmp-* | xps100-* | xscale-* \ | ymp-* \ | z8k-*) ;; # Recognize the various machine names and aliases which stand # for a CPU type and a company and sometimes even an OS. 386bsd) basic_machine=i386-unknown os=-bsd ;; 3b1 | 7300 | 7300-att | att-7300 | pc7300 | safari | unixpc) basic_machine=m68000-att ;; 3b*) basic_machine=we32k-att ;; a29khif) basic_machine=a29k-amd os=-udi ;; adobe68k) basic_machine=m68010-adobe os=-scout ;; alliant | fx80) basic_machine=fx80-alliant ;; altos | altos3068) basic_machine=m68k-altos ;; am29k) basic_machine=a29k-none os=-bsd ;; amdahl) basic_machine=580-amdahl os=-sysv ;; amiga | amiga-*) basic_machine=m68k-unknown ;; amigaos | amigados) basic_machine=m68k-unknown os=-amigaos ;; amigaunix | amix) basic_machine=m68k-unknown os=-sysv4 ;; apollo68) basic_machine=m68k-apollo os=-sysv ;; apollo68bsd) basic_machine=m68k-apollo os=-bsd ;; aux) basic_machine=m68k-apple os=-aux ;; balance) basic_machine=ns32k-sequent os=-dynix ;; convex-c1) basic_machine=c1-convex os=-bsd ;; convex-c2) basic_machine=c2-convex os=-bsd ;; convex-c32) basic_machine=c32-convex os=-bsd ;; convex-c34) basic_machine=c34-convex os=-bsd ;; convex-c38) basic_machine=c38-convex os=-bsd ;; cray | ymp) basic_machine=ymp-cray os=-unicos ;; cray2) basic_machine=cray2-cray os=-unicos ;; [cjt]90) basic_machine=${basic_machine}-cray os=-unicos ;; crds | unos) basic_machine=m68k-crds ;; cris | cris-* | etrax*) basic_machine=cris-axis ;; da30 | da30-*) basic_machine=m68k-da30 ;; decstation | decstation-3100 | pmax | pmax-* | pmin | dec3100 | decstatn) basic_machine=mips-dec ;; delta | 3300 | motorola-3300 | motorola-delta \ | 3300-motorola | delta-motorola) basic_machine=m68k-motorola ;; delta88) basic_machine=m88k-motorola os=-sysv3 ;; dpx20 | dpx20-*) basic_machine=rs6000-bull os=-bosx ;; dpx2* | dpx2*-bull) basic_machine=m68k-bull os=-sysv3 ;; ebmon29k) basic_machine=a29k-amd os=-ebmon ;; elxsi) basic_machine=elxsi-elxsi os=-bsd ;; encore | umax | mmax) basic_machine=ns32k-encore ;; es1800 | OSE68k | ose68k | ose | OSE) basic_machine=m68k-ericsson os=-ose ;; fx2800) basic_machine=i860-alliant ;; genix) basic_machine=ns32k-ns ;; gmicro) basic_machine=tron-gmicro os=-sysv ;; go32) basic_machine=i386-pc os=-go32 ;; h3050r* | hiux*) basic_machine=hppa1.1-hitachi os=-hiuxwe2 ;; h8300hms) basic_machine=h8300-hitachi os=-hms ;; h8300xray) basic_machine=h8300-hitachi os=-xray ;; h8500hms) basic_machine=h8500-hitachi os=-hms ;; harris) basic_machine=m88k-harris os=-sysv3 ;; hp300-*) basic_machine=m68k-hp ;; hp300bsd) basic_machine=m68k-hp os=-bsd ;; hp300hpux) basic_machine=m68k-hp os=-hpux ;; hp3k9[0-9][0-9] | hp9[0-9][0-9]) basic_machine=hppa1.0-hp ;; hp9k2[0-9][0-9] | hp9k31[0-9]) basic_machine=m68000-hp ;; hp9k3[2-9][0-9]) basic_machine=m68k-hp ;; hp9k6[0-9][0-9] | hp6[0-9][0-9]) basic_machine=hppa1.0-hp ;; hp9k7[0-79][0-9] | hp7[0-79][0-9]) basic_machine=hppa1.1-hp ;; hp9k78[0-9] | hp78[0-9]) # FIXME: really hppa2.0-hp basic_machine=hppa1.1-hp ;; hp9k8[67]1 | hp8[67]1 | hp9k80[24] | hp80[24] | hp9k8[78]9 | hp8[78]9 | hp9k893 | hp893) # FIXME: really hppa2.0-hp basic_machine=hppa1.1-hp ;; hp9k8[0-9][13679] | hp8[0-9][13679]) basic_machine=hppa1.1-hp ;; hp9k8[0-9][0-9] | hp8[0-9][0-9]) basic_machine=hppa1.0-hp ;; hppa-next) os=-nextstep3 ;; hppaosf) basic_machine=hppa1.1-hp os=-osf ;; hppro) basic_machine=hppa1.1-hp os=-proelf ;; i370-ibm* | ibm*) basic_machine=i370-ibm ;; # I'm not sure what "Sysv32" means. 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You may also peek at any GNU archive site, in case some other package would contain this missing \`$1' program." exit 1 ;; esac exit 0 c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/ltconfig0000644000076400001440000024547407474404675013157 #! /bin/sh # ltconfig - Create a system-specific libtool. # Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 # Free Software Foundation, Inc. # Originally by Gordon Matzigkeit , 1996 # # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. # # As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you # distribute this file as part of a program that contains a # configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under # the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program. # A lot of this script is taken from autoconf-2.10. # Check that we are running under the correct shell. SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} echo=echo if test "X$1" = X--no-reexec; then # Discard the --no-reexec flag, and continue. shift elif test "X$1" = X--fallback-echo; then # Avoid inline document here, it may be left over : elif test "X`($echo '\t') 2>/dev/null`" = 'X\t'; then # Yippee, $echo works! : else # Restart under the correct shell. exec "$SHELL" "$0" --no-reexec ${1+"$@"} fi if test "X$1" = X--fallback-echo; then # used as fallback echo shift cat </dev/null`} case X$UNAME in *-DOS) PATH_SEPARATOR=';' ;; *) PATH_SEPARATOR=':' ;; esac fi # The HP-UX ksh and POSIX shell print the target directory to stdout # if CDPATH is set. if test "X${CDPATH+set}" = Xset; then CDPATH=:; export CDPATH; fi if test "X${echo_test_string+set}" != Xset; then # find a string as large as possible, as long as the shell can cope with it for cmd in 'sed 50q "$0"' 'sed 20q "$0"' 'sed 10q "$0"' 'sed 2q "$0"' 'echo test'; do # expected sizes: less than 2Kb, 1Kb, 512 bytes, 16 bytes, ... if (echo_test_string="`eval $cmd`") 2>/dev/null && echo_test_string="`eval $cmd`" && (test "X$echo_test_string" = "X$echo_test_string") 2>/dev/null; then break fi done fi if test "X`($echo '\t') 2>/dev/null`" = 'X\t' && echo_testing_string=`($echo "$echo_test_string") 2>/dev/null` && test "X$echo_testing_string" = "X$echo_test_string"; then : else # The Solaris, AIX, and Digital Unix default echo programs unquote # backslashes. 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We lost completely, so just stick with echo. echo=echo fi fi fi fi fi # Sed substitution that helps us do robust quoting. It backslashifies # metacharacters that are still active within double-quoted strings. 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then echo "${ac_t}ok" 1>&6 else echo "${ac_t}failed" 1>&6 fi if test -z "$global_symbol_pipe"; then global_symbol_to_cdecl= fi # Report the final consequences. echo "checking if libtool supports shared libraries... $can_build_shared" 1>&6 # Only try to build win32 dlls if AC_LIBTOOL_WIN32_DLL was used in # configure.in, otherwise build static only libraries. case $host_os in cygwin* | mingw* | pw32* | os2*) if test x$can_build_shared = xyes; then test x$enable_win32_dll = xno && can_build_shared=no echo "checking if package supports dlls... $can_build_shared" 1>&6 fi ;; esac echo $ac_n "checking whether to build shared libraries... $ac_c" 1>&6 test "$can_build_shared" = "no" && enable_shared=no # On AIX, shared libraries and static libraries use the same namespace, and # are all built from PIC. case $host_os in aix3*) test "$enable_shared" = yes && enable_static=no if test -n "$RANLIB"; then archive_cmds="$archive_cmds~\$RANLIB \$lib" postinstall_cmds='$RANLIB $lib' fi ;; aix4* | aix5*) test "$enable_shared" = yes && enable_static=no ;; esac echo "$ac_t$enable_shared" 1>&6 # Make sure either enable_shared or enable_static is yes. test "$enable_shared" = yes || enable_static=yes echo "checking whether to build static libraries... $enable_static" 1>&6 if test "$hardcode_action" = relink; then # Fast installation is not supported enable_fast_install=no elif test "$shlibpath_overrides_runpath" = yes || test "$enable_shared" = no; then # Fast installation is not necessary enable_fast_install=needless fi variables_saved_for_relink="PATH $shlibpath_var $runpath_var" if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then variables_saved_for_relink="$variables_saved_for_relink GCC_EXEC_PREFIX COMPILER_PATH LIBRARY_PATH" fi # Check whether we must set pic_mode to default test -z "$pic_flag" && pic_mode=default if test "x$enable_dlopen" != xyes; then enable_dlopen=unknown enable_dlopen_self=unknown enable_dlopen_self_static=unknown else if test "X${lt_cv_dlopen+set}" != Xset; then lt_cv_dlopen=no lt_cv_dlopen_libs= echo $ac_n "checking for dlopen in -ldl""... $ac_c" 1>&6 echo "$progname:1583: checking for dlopen in -ldl" >&5 if test "X${ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen+set}" = Xset; then echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6 else ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="-ldl $LIBS" cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; } && test -s conftest${ac_exeext}; then rm -rf conftest* ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=yes else echo "$progname: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 rm -rf conftest* ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no fi rm -f conftest* LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" fi if test "X$ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen" = Xyes; then echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6 lt_cv_dlopen="dlopen" lt_cv_dlopen_libs="-ldl" else echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6 echo $ac_n "checking for dlopen""... $ac_c" 1>&6 echo "$progname:1622: checking for dlopen" >&5 if test "X${ac_cv_func_dlopen+set}" = Xset; then echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6 else cat > conftest.$ac_ext < /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif char dlopen(); int main() { /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. 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then echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6 lt_cv_dlopen="shl_load" lt_cv_dlopen_libs="-ldld" else echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6 fi fi fi fi fi fi fi if test "x$lt_cv_dlopen" != xno; then enable_dlopen=yes else enable_dlopen=no fi case $lt_cv_dlopen in dlopen) for ac_hdr in dlfcn.h; do ac_safe=`echo "$ac_hdr" | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` echo $ac_n "checking for $ac_hdr""... $ac_c" 1>&6 echo "$progname:1863: checking for $ac_hdr" >&5 if eval "test \"`echo 'X$''{'ac_cv_header_$ac_safe'+set}'`\" = Xset"; then echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6 else cat > conftest.$ac_ext < int fnord = 0; int main () { return(0); } EOF ac_try="$ac_compile >/dev/null 2>conftest.out" { (eval echo $progname:1874: \"$ac_try\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; } ac_err=`grep -v '^ *+' conftest.out | grep -v "^conftest.${ac_ext}\$"` if test -z "$ac_err"; then rm -rf conftest* eval "ac_cv_header_$ac_safe=yes" else echo "$ac_err" >&5 echo "$progname: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 rm -rf conftest* eval "ac_cv_header_$ac_safe=no" fi rm -f conftest* fi if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_header_'$ac_safe`\" = yes"; then echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6 else echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6 fi done if test "x$ac_cv_header_dlfcn_h" = xyes; then CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DHAVE_DLFCN_H" fi eval LDFLAGS=\"\$LDFLAGS $export_dynamic_flag_spec\" LIBS="$lt_cv_dlopen_libs $LIBS" echo $ac_n "checking whether a program can dlopen itself""... $ac_c" 1>&6 echo "$progname:1902: checking whether a program can dlopen itself" >&5 if test "X${lt_cv_dlopen_self+set}" = Xset; then echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6 else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then lt_cv_dlopen_self=cross else cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #ifdef RTLD_GLOBAL # define LTDL_GLOBAL RTLD_GLOBAL #else # ifdef DL_GLOBAL # define LTDL_GLOBAL DL_GLOBAL # else # define LTDL_GLOBAL 0 # endif #endif /* We may have to define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW in the command line if we find out it does not work in some platform. */ #ifndef LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW # ifdef RTLD_LAZY # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW RTLD_LAZY # else # ifdef DL_LAZY # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW DL_LAZY # else # ifdef RTLD_NOW # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW RTLD_NOW # else # ifdef DL_NOW # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW DL_NOW # else # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW 0 # endif # endif # endif # endif #endif void fnord() { int i=42; } int main() { void *self, *ptr1, *ptr2; self=dlopen(0,LTDL_GLOBAL|LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW); if(self) { ptr1=dlsym(self,"fnord"); ptr2=dlsym(self,"_fnord"); if(ptr1 || ptr2) { dlclose(self); exit(0); } } exit(1); return 1;} EOF if { (eval echo $progname:1957: \"$ac_link\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; } && test -s conftest && (./conftest; exit) 2>/dev/null then lt_cv_dlopen_self=yes else echo "$progname: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 rm -fr conftest* lt_cv_dlopen_self=no fi rm -fr conftest* fi fi echo "$ac_t""$lt_cv_dlopen_self" 1>&6 if test "$lt_cv_dlopen_self" = yes; then LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $link_static_flag" echo $ac_n "checking whether a statically linked program can dlopen itself""... $ac_c" 1>&6 echo "$progname:1976: checking whether a statically linked program can dlopen itself" >&5 if test "X${lt_cv_dlopen_self_static+set}" = Xset; then echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6 else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then lt_cv_dlopen_self_static=cross else cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #ifdef RTLD_GLOBAL # define LTDL_GLOBAL RTLD_GLOBAL #else # ifdef DL_GLOBAL # define LTDL_GLOBAL DL_GLOBAL # else # define LTDL_GLOBAL 0 # endif #endif /* We may have to define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW in the command line if we find out it does not work in some platform. */ #ifndef LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW # ifdef RTLD_LAZY # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW RTLD_LAZY # else # ifdef DL_LAZY # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW DL_LAZY # else # ifdef RTLD_NOW # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW RTLD_NOW # else # ifdef DL_NOW # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW DL_NOW # else # define LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW 0 # endif # endif # endif # endif #endif void fnord() { int i=42; } int main() { void *self, *ptr1, *ptr2; self=dlopen(0,LTDL_GLOBAL|LTDL_LAZY_OR_NOW); if(self) { ptr1=dlsym(self,"fnord"); ptr2=dlsym(self,"_fnord"); if(ptr1 || ptr2) { dlclose(self); exit(0); } } exit(1); return 1; } EOF if { (eval echo $progname:2031: \"$ac_link\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; } && test -s conftest && (./conftest; exit) 2>/dev/null then lt_cv_dlopen_self_static=yes else echo "$progname: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 rm -fr conftest* lt_cv_dlopen_self_static=no fi rm -fr conftest* fi fi echo "$ac_t""$lt_cv_dlopen_self_static" 1>&6 fi ;; esac case $lt_cv_dlopen_self in yes|no) enable_dlopen_self=$lt_cv_dlopen_self ;; *) enable_dlopen_self=unknown ;; esac case $lt_cv_dlopen_self_static in yes|no) enable_dlopen_self_static=$lt_cv_dlopen_self_static ;; *) enable_dlopen_self_static=unknown ;; esac fi # Copy echo and quote the copy, instead of the original, because it is # used later. ltecho="$echo" if test "X$ltecho" = "X$CONFIG_SHELL $0 --fallback-echo"; 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Don't remove nor modify the # starting and closing comments # /* impgen.c starts here */ # /* Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # This file is part of GNU libtool. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. # */ # # #include /* for printf() */ # #include /* for open(), lseek(), read() */ # #include /* for O_RDONLY, O_BINARY */ # #include /* for strdup() */ # # /* O_BINARY isn't required (or even defined sometimes) under Unix */ # #ifndef O_BINARY # #define O_BINARY 0 # #endif # # static unsigned int # pe_get16 (fd, offset) # int fd; # int offset; # { # unsigned char b[2]; # lseek (fd, offset, SEEK_SET); # read (fd, b, 2); # return b[0] + (b[1]<<8); # } # # static unsigned int # pe_get32 (fd, offset) # int fd; # int offset; # { # unsigned char b[4]; # lseek (fd, offset, SEEK_SET); # read (fd, b, 4); # return b[0] + (b[1]<<8) + (b[2]<<16) + (b[3]<<24); # } # # static unsigned int # pe_as32 (ptr) # void *ptr; # { # unsigned char *b = ptr; # return b[0] + (b[1]<<8) + (b[2]<<16) + (b[3]<<24); # } # # int # main (argc, argv) # int argc; # char *argv[]; # { # int dll; # unsigned long pe_header_offset, opthdr_ofs, num_entries, i; # unsigned long export_rva, export_size, nsections, secptr, expptr; # unsigned long name_rvas, nexp; # unsigned char *expdata, *erva; # char *filename, *dll_name; # # filename = argv[1]; # # dll = open(filename, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY); # if (dll < 1) # return 1; # # dll_name = filename; # # for (i=0; filename[i]; i++) # if (filename[i] == '/' || filename[i] == '\\' || filename[i] == ':') # dll_name = filename + i +1; # # pe_header_offset = pe_get32 (dll, 0x3c); # opthdr_ofs = pe_header_offset + 4 + 20; # num_entries = pe_get32 (dll, opthdr_ofs + 92); # # if (num_entries < 1) /* no exports */ # return 1; # # export_rva = pe_get32 (dll, opthdr_ofs + 96); # export_size = pe_get32 (dll, opthdr_ofs + 100); # nsections = pe_get16 (dll, pe_header_offset + 4 +2); # secptr = (pe_header_offset + 4 + 20 + # pe_get16 (dll, pe_header_offset + 4 + 16)); # # expptr = 0; # for (i = 0; i < nsections; i++) # { # char sname[8]; # unsigned long secptr1 = secptr + 40 * i; # unsigned long vaddr = pe_get32 (dll, secptr1 + 12); # unsigned long vsize = pe_get32 (dll, secptr1 + 16); # unsigned long fptr = pe_get32 (dll, secptr1 + 20); # lseek(dll, secptr1, SEEK_SET); # read(dll, sname, 8); # if (vaddr <= export_rva && vaddr+vsize > export_rva) # { # expptr = fptr + (export_rva - vaddr); # if (export_rva + export_size > vaddr + vsize) # export_size = vsize - (export_rva - vaddr); # break; # } # } # # expdata = (unsigned char*)malloc(export_size); # lseek (dll, expptr, SEEK_SET); # read (dll, expdata, export_size); # erva = expdata - export_rva; # # nexp = pe_as32 (expdata+24); # name_rvas = pe_as32 (expdata+32); # # printf ("EXPORTS\n"); # for (i = 0; i> "$ofile" || (rm -f "$ofile"; exit 1) # We use sed instead of cat because bash on DJGPP gets confused if # if finds mixed CR/LF and LF-only lines. 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This bash problem # is reportedly fixed, but why not run on old versions too? chmod +x "$ofile" fi ;; *) # Compile the libtool program. echo "FIXME: would compile $ltmain" ;; esac # Update the list of available tags. if test -n "$tagname"; then # Extract list of available tagged configurations in $ofile. # Note that this assumes the entire list is on one line. available_tags=`grep "^available_tags=" $ofile | sed -e 's/available_tags=\(.*$\)/\1/' -e 's/\"//g'` # Append the new tag name to the list of available tags. available_tags="$available_tags $tagname" # Now substitute the updated of available tags. if eval "sed -e 's/^available_tags=.*\$/available_tags=\"$available_tags\"/' ${ofile} > ${ofile}.new"; then mv ${ofile}.new ${ofile} chmod +x "$ofile" else rm -f ${ofile}.new echo "$progname: unable to update list of available tagged configurations." exit 1 fi fi # Don't cache tagged configuration! test -n "$cache_file" && test -z "$tagname" || exit 0 # AC_CACHE_SAVE trap '' 1 2 15 cat > confcache <<\EOF # This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure # tests run on this system so they can be shared between configure # scripts and configure runs. It is not useful on other systems. # If it contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it. # # By default, configure uses ./config.cache as the cache file, # creating it if it does not exist already. You can give configure # the --cache-file=FILE option to use a different cache file; that is # what configure does when it calls configure scripts in # subdirectories, so they share the cache. # Giving --cache-file=/dev/null disables caching, for debugging configure. # config.status only pays attention to the cache file if you give it the # --recheck option to rerun configure. # EOF # The following way of writing the cache mishandles newlines in values, # but we know of no workaround that is simple, portable, and efficient. # So, don't put newlines in cache variables' values. # Ultrix sh set writes to stderr and can't be redirected directly, # and sets the high bit in the cache file unless we assign to the vars. (set) 2>&1 | case `(ac_space=' '; set | grep ac_space) 2>&1` in *ac_space=\ *) # `set' does not quote correctly, so add quotes (double-quote substitution # turns \\\\ into \\, and sed turns \\ into \). sed -n \ -e "s/'/'\\\\''/g" \ -e "s/^\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*_cv_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1=\${\\1='\\2'}/p" ;; *) # `set' quotes correctly as required by POSIX, so do not add quotes. sed -n -e 's/^\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*_cv_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)=\(.*\)/\1=${\1=\2}/p' ;; esac >> confcache if cmp -s $cache_file confcache; then : else if test -w $cache_file; then echo "updating cache $cache_file" cat confcache > $cache_file else echo "not updating unwritable cache $cache_file" fi fi rm -f confcache exit 0 # Local Variables: # mode:shell-script # sh-indentation:2 # End: c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/mkinstalldirs0000644000076400001440000000132307474404754014207 #! /bin/sh # mkinstalldirs --- make directory hierarchy # Author: Noah Friedman # Created: 1993-05-16 # Public domain # $Id: mkinstalldirs,v 1.2 2002/05/27 10:26:52 tasin Exp $ errstatus=0 for file do set fnord `echo ":$file" | sed -ne 's/^:\//#/;s/^://;s/\// /g;s/^#/\//;p'` shift pathcomp= for d do pathcomp="$pathcomp$d" case "$pathcomp" in -* ) pathcomp=./$pathcomp ;; esac if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then echo "mkdir $pathcomp" mkdir "$pathcomp" || lasterr=$? if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then errstatus=$lasterr fi fi pathcomp="$pathcomp/" done done exit $errstatus # mkinstalldirs ends here c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/am_edit.py0000644000076400001440000002731707474404754013373 import getopt, string, posixpath, sys, os, os.path, re # Some global globals... verbose = 0 thisProg = posixpath.basename(sys.argv[0]) if not thisProg: # happy only when running in xemacs ;/ thisProg = 'am_edit.py' cppsuffixes = ['cpp', 'cc', 'cxx', 'C', 'c++'] hExt = ['h', 'H', 'hh', 'hxx', 'h++'] progId = "KDE tags expanded automatically by " + thisProg use_final = 1 dryrun = 0 pathoption = 0 topdir = os.path.abspath(os.curdir) + "/" foreigndirs = [] class Makefile: def __init__(self, file): # some useful globals for the subroutines called here self.headerdirs = ['.'] self.haveAutomocTag = 0 self.programs = [] # lists the objects compiled into $program self.realobjs = {} # lists the sources used for $program self.sources = {} # lists the objects compiled when final self.finalObjs = {} # the binary name of program variable self.realname = {} # lists the idl files used for $program self.idlfiles = {} # lists all idl generated files for cleantarget self.idl_output = "" self.depedmocs = {} self.dep_files = "" self.dep_finals = "" # the targets to add self.target_adds = {} self.kdelang = "" self.makefile = file self.makefileDir = os.path.dirname(self.makefile) self.options = {} NoMakefileAmFound = "found Makefile.in without Makefile.am" def findLine(self, line): import types if type(line) is types.StringType: regexp = re.compile(line) else: regexp = line for line in self.lines: match = regexp.match(line) if match: return match def substituteLine(self, old, new): import types if type(old) is types.StringType: regexp = re.compile(old) else: regexp = old for index in range(len(self.lines)): line = self.lines[index] match = regexp.match(line) if match: line = '#>- ' + line newlines = string.split(new, '\n') self.lines[index:index+1] = [line, '#>+ %d' % len(newlines)] + newlines return def addTarget(self, target, dependson): if not self.target_adds.has_key(target): self.target_adds[target] = [dependson] else: self.target_adds[target].append(dependson) def appendLines(self, newlines): lines = string.split(newlines, '\n') + ['\n'] self.lines.extend(['#>+ %d' % len(lines)] + lines) def restore(self): index = 0 while index < len(self.lines): line = self.lines[index] if line[0:3] == '#>+': # the +1 is the comment itself linec = string.atoi(line[3:]) + 1 del self.lines[index:index+linec] continue if line[0:3] == '#>-': self.lines[index] = self.lines[index][4:] index = index + 1 def initialize(self): global foreigndirs os.chdir(self.makefileDir) self.printname = string.replace(self.makefile, topdir, "") self.makefile = os.path.basename(self.makefile) if not posixpath.exists("Makefile.am"): raise self.NoMakefileAmFound, self.makefileDir for dir in foreigndirs: if dir.match(self.makefileDir): print 'leaving ' + self.makefileDir return 0 f = open(self.makefile) self.lines = [] while 1: line = f.readline() if not line: break self.lines.append(string.rstrip(line)) f.close() # take out the self.restore() optionline = re.compile('^\s*(\w+)\s*=\s*([^\n]*)$') linecontinued = re.compile('\\\s*\n') lastline = '' index = 0 while index < len(self.lines): line = self.lines[index] if linecontinued.search(line): self.lines[index] = linecontinued.sub(' ', line) + self.lines[index+1] continue else: index = index + 1 match = optionline.search(line) if match: self.options[match.group(1)] = match.group(2) if self.options.has_key('KDE_OPTIONS'): options = string.split(self.options['KDE_OPTIONS']) if 'foreign' in options: foreigndirs.append(re.compile(self.makefileDir + "/.*")) return 0 self.cxxsuffix = "" suffixes = re.compile('^\.SUFFIXES:(.*)$') for line in self.lines: match = suffixes.match(line) if match: existing_suffixes = string.split(match.group(1)) for suffix in existing_suffixes: # leave out the . if suffix[1:] in cppsuffixes: self.cxxsuffix = suffix[1:] break if self.cxxsuffix: break search_real_programs = {} for option in self.options.keys(): if string.rfind(option, '_OBJECTS') > 0: program = option[0:string.find(option, '_OBJECTS')] objs = self.options[option] variable_in_objects = 0 objlist = string.split(objs) variable = re.compile('\$\((\w+)\)') for obj in objlist: match = variable.match(obj) if match and not match.group(1) == 'OBJEXT': variable_in_objects = 1 break if variable_in_objects: continue if len(program) > 3 and program[3] == 'am_': program = program[3:] if verbose: print "found program " + program self.programs.append(program) self.realobjs[program] = objs if self.options.has_key(program + "_SOURCES"): self.sources[program] = self.options[program + "_SOURCES"] else: self.sources[program] = "" sys.stderr.write("found program with no _SOURCES: " + program + '\n') # unmask to regexp realprogram = string.replace(program, '_', '.') search_real_programs[program] = re.compile('.*(' + realprogram + ')(\$\(EXEEXT\)?)?:.*\$\(' + program + '_OBJECTS\).*') self.realname[program] = ""; for line in self.lines: if string.find(line, '_OBJECTS') > 0: # just a random piece to not use at _every_ line for program in self.programs: match = search_real_programs[program].match(line) if match: self.realname[program] = match.group(1) def finalTouch(self): if self.options.has_key('DEPDIR'): sys.stderr.write(self.printname + " defines DEPDIR. This means you're using automake > 1.4 - this is not supported!") else: # taken out a random variable self.substituteLine('bindir\s*=.*', 'DEPDIR = .deps\nbindir = ' + self.options['bindir']) self.appendLines('cvs-clean:\n' + '\t$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean') self.appendLines('kde-rpo-clean:\n'+ '\t-rm -f *.rpo') self.addTarget('clean', 'kde-rpo-clean') self.addAllTargets() def addAllTargets(self): for target in self.target_adds.keys(): match = self.findLine(target + ':\s*(.*)') if match: self.substituteLine(match.re, target + ': ' + string.join(self.target_adds[target]) + ' ' + match.group(1)) def writeback(self): f = open(self.makefile, 'w') for line in self.lines: f.write(line) f.write('\n') f.close() def tag_automake(self): match = self.findLine('^(.*cd \$\(top_srcdir\)\s+&&\s+\$\(AUTOMAKE\).*)$') if not match: return 1 self.substituteLine(match.re, match.group(1) + '\n' + '\tcd $(top_srcdir) && python ' + thisProg + ' ' + self.printname) def main(): global use_final, dryrun, pathoption, thisProg, verbose optlist, makefiles = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'vhp:n', [ 'version', 'verbose', 'path=', 'help', 'no-final']) for option, param in optlist: if option == '--version': print "\n" print thisProg + "$Revision: 1.2 $" print "This is really free software, unencumbered by the GPL." print "You can do anything you like with it except sueing me." print "Copyright 1998 Kalle Dalheimer " print "Concept, design and unnecessary questions about perl" print " by Matthias Ettrich " print "" print "Making it useful by Stephan Kulow and" print "Harri Porten " print "Updated (Feb-1999), John Birch " print "Current Maintainer Stephan Kulow" sys.exit(0) if option == '--verbose' or option == '-v': verbose = 1 if option == '-p' or option == '--path': thisProg = param + "/" + thisProg if (not posixpath.exists(thisProg)): sys.stderr.write(thisProg + " doesn't exist\n") pathoption=1 if option == '--help' or option == '-h': print "Usage " + thisProg + " [OPTION] ... [dir/Makefile.in]..." print "Patches dir/Makefile.in generated from automake" print "(where dir can be a full or relative directory name)" print " -v, --verbose verbosely list files processed" print " -h, --help print this help, then exit" print " --version print version number, then exit" print " -p, --path= use the path to am_edit if the path" print " --no-final don't patch for --enable-final" print " called from is not the one to be used" sys.exit(0) if option == '--no-final': use_final = 0 if option == '-n': dryrun = 1 if not use_final: thisProg = thisProg + " --no-final" if thisProg[0] == '/' and not pathoption: sys.stderr.write( "Illegal full pathname call performed...\n" "The call to \"" + thisProg + "\"\n" "would be inserted in some Makefile.in.\n" "Please use option --path.\n") sys.exit(1) if len(makefiles) == 0: import find makefiles = find.find('Makefile.in') for index in range(len(makefiles)): if not makefiles[index][0] == '/': makefiles[index] = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(makefiles[index])) makefiles.sort() for file in makefiles: makefile = Makefile(file) try: makefile.initialize() makefile.tag_automake() makefile.finalTouch() makefile.writeback() except Makefile.NoMakefileAmFound, param: if verbose: print Makefile.NoMakefileAmFound + ' in ' + param main() c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/ltcf-cxx.sh0000644000076400001440000011201507474404675013473 #### This script is meant to be sourced by ltconfig. # ltcf-cxx.sh - Create a C++ compiler specific configuration # # Copyright (C) 1996-1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # Originally by Gordon Matzigkeit , 1996 # # Original C++ support by:Gary V. Vaughan # Alexandre Oliva # Ossama Othman # Thomas Thanner # # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. # # As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you # distribute this file as part of a program that contains a # configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under # the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program. # Source file extension for C++ test sources. ac_ext=cc # Object file extension for compiled C++ test sources. objext=o # Code to be used in simple compile tests lt_simple_compile_test_code="int some_variable = 0;" # Code to be used in simple link tests lt_simple_link_test_code='int main(int, char *[]) { return (0); }' # C++ compiler CXX=${CXX-c++} # ltmain only uses $CC for tagged configurations so make sure $CC is set. CC=${CC-"$CXX"} CFLAGS=${CFLAGS-"$CXXFLAGS"} # Allow CC (or CXX) to be a program name with arguments. set dummy $CC compiler=$2 cc_basename=`$echo X"$compiler" | $Xsed -e 's%^.*/%%'` # we are optimistic. (Too optimistic if you ask me, down there we switch it # off again for most platforms ;) (MM) ld_shlibs=yes # Check if we are using GNU gcc (taken/adapted from configure script) # We need to check here since "--with-gcc" is set at configure time, # not ltconfig time! cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; }; } | egrep yes >/dev/null 2>&1; then with_gcc=yes # Set up default GNU C++ configuration # Check if GNU C++ uses GNU ld as the underlying linker, since the # archiving commands below assume that GNU ld is being used. if eval "`$CC -print-prog-name=ld` --version 2>&1" | \ egrep 'GNU ld' > /dev/null; then with_gnu_ld=yes archive_cmds='$CC -shared -nostdlib $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname -o $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='$CC -shared -nostdlib $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname ${wl}-retain-symbols-file $wl$export_symbols -o $lib' runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}--rpath ${wl}$libdir' export_dynamic_flag_spec='${wl}--export-dynamic' # If archive_cmds runs LD, not CC, wlarc should be empty # XXX I think wlarc can be eliminated in ltcf-cxx, but I need to # investigate it a little bit more. (MM) wlarc='${wl}' # ancient GNU ld didn't support --whole-archive et. al. if eval "`$CC -print-prog-name=ld` --help 2>&1" | \ egrep 'no-whole-archive' > /dev/null; then whole_archive_flag_spec="$wlarc"'--whole-archive$convenience '"$wlarc"'--no-whole-archive' else whole_archive_flag_spec= fi else with_gnu_ld=no wlarc= # A generic and very simple default shared library creation # command for GNU C++ for the case where it uses the native # linker, instead of GNU ld. If possible, this setting should # overridden to take advantage of the native linker features on # the platform it is being used on. archive_cmds='$CC -shared $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags -o $lib' fi # Commands to make compiler produce verbose output that lists # what "hidden" libraries, object files and flags are used when # linking a shared library. output_verbose_link_cmds='$CC -shared $CFLAGS -v conftest.$objext 2>&1 | egrep "\-L"' else with_gcc=no with_gnu_ld=no wlarc= fi echo "ltcf-cxx: with_gcc=$with_gcc ; with_gnu_ld=$with_gnu_ld" # PORTME: fill in a description of your system's C++ link characteristics case $host_os in aix3*) # FIXME: insert proper C++ library support ld_shlibs=no ;; aix4* | aix5*) archive_cmds='' hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_libdir_separator=':' link_all_deplibs=yes # When large executables or shared objects are built, AIX ld can # have problems creating the table of contents. If linking a library # or program results in "error TOC overflow" add -mminimal-toc to # CXXFLAGS/CFLAGS for g++/gcc. In the cases where that is not # enough to fix the problem, add -Wl,-bbigtoc to LDFLAGS. if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then case $host_os in aix4.[012]|aix4.[012].*) # We only want to do this on AIX 4.2 and lower, the check # below for broken collect2 doesn't work under 4.3+ collect2name=`${CC} -print-prog-name=collect2` if test -f "$collect2name" && \ strings "$collect2name" | grep resolve_lib_name >/dev/null then # We have reworked collect2 hardcode_direct=yes else # We have old collect2 hardcode_direct=unsupported # It fails to find uninstalled libraries when the uninstalled # path is not listed in the libpath. Setting hardcode_minus_L # to unsupported forces relinking hardcode_minus_L=yes hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator= fi esac shared_flag='-shared' else # not using gcc if test "$host_cpu" = ia64; then shared_flag='${wl}-G' else shared_flag='${wl}-bM:SRE' fi fi if test "$host_cpu" = ia64; then # On IA64, the linker does run time linking by default, so we don't # have to do anything special. aix_use_runtimelinking=no exp_sym_flag='-Bexport' no_entry_flag="" else # KDE requires run time linking. Make it the default. aix_use_runtimelinking=yes exp_sym_flag='-bexport' no_entry_flag='-bnoentry' fi # Let the compiler handle the export list. always_export_symbols=no if test "$aix_use_runtimelinking" = yes; then allow_undefined_flag=' ${wl}-berok' # The following three lines along with hardcode_into_libs=yes put the correct path into libraries. hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}-blibpath:$libdir${libdir:+:}/usr/lib:/lib' archive_cmds='$CC '"$shared_flag"' $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags ${wl}-G '"$hardcode_libdir_flag_spec"' -o $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='$CC '"$shared_flag"' $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags ${wl}-G '"$hardcode_libdir_flag_spec"' ${wl}'"$exp_sym_flag"':$export_symbols -o $lib' else if test "$host_cpu" = ia64; then hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}-R $libdir${libdir:+:}/usr/lib:/lib' allow_undefined_flag="-z nodefs" archive_cmds='$CC '"$shared_flag"' $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags '"$hardcode_libdir_flag_spec"' -o $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='$CC '"$shared_flag"' $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags '"$hardcode_libdir_flag_spec"' ${wl}'"$exp_sym_flag"':$export_symbols -o $lib' else hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}-blibpath:$libdir:/usr/lib:/lib' # Warning - without using the other run time loading flags, -berok will # link without error, but may produce a broken library. no_undefined_flag='${wl}-bnoerok' allow_undefined_flag='${wl}-berok" # -bexpall does not export symbols beginning with underscore (_) always_export_symbols=yes # Exported symbols can be pulled into shared objects from archives whole_archive_flag_spec=' ' build_libtool_need_lc=yes # This is similar to how AIX traditionally builds it's shared libraries. archive_expsym_cmds="\$CC $shared_flag"' -o $output_objdir/$soname $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-bE:$export_symbols ${wl}-bnoentry${allow_undefined_flag}~$AR $AR_FLAGS $output_objdir/$libname$release.a $output_objdir/$soname' fi fi ;; chorus*) case $cc_basename in *) # FIXME: insert proper C++ library support ld_shlibs=no ;; esac ;; dgux*) case $cc_basename in ec++) # FIXME: insert proper C++ library support ld_shlibs=no ;; ghcx) # Green Hills C++ Compiler # FIXME: insert proper C++ library support ld_shlibs=no ;; *) # FIXME: insert proper C++ library support ld_shlibs=no ;; esac ;; freebsd*) # FreeBSD uses GNU C++ and GNU ld skip_need_lc_check=yes remove_lgcc=yes ;; hpux*) hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}+b ${wl}$libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator=: hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_minus_L=yes # Not in the search PATH, but as the default # location of the library. export_dynamic_flag_spec='${wl}-E' case $cc_basename in CC) # FIXME: insert proper C++ library support ld_shlibs=no ;; aCC) case $host_os in hpux9*) archive_cmds='$rm $output_objdir/$soname~$CC -b ${wl}+b ${wl}$install_libdir -o $output_objdir/$soname $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags~test $output_objdir/$soname = $lib || mv $output_objdir/$soname $lib' ;; *) archive_cmds='$CC -b ${wl}+h ${wl}$soname ${wl}+b ${wl}$install_libdir -o $lib $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags' ;; esac # Commands to make compiler produce verbose output that lists # what "hidden" libraries, object files and flags are used when # linking a shared library. # # There doesn't appear to be a way to prevent this compiler from # explicitly linking system object files so we need to strip them # from the output so that they don't get included in the library # dependencies. output_verbose_link_cmds='templist=`($CC -b $CFLAGS -v conftest.$objext 2>&1) | egrep "\-L"`; list=""; for z in $templist; do case $z in conftest.$objext) list="$list $z";; *.$objext);; *) list="$list $z";;esac; done; echo $list' ;; *) if test "$with_gcc" = yes && test "$with_gnu_ld" = no ; then # MM: for HP-UX and g++ -fPIC is needed to link pic objects together case $host_os in hpux9*) archive_cmds='$rm $output_objdir/$soname~$CC -shared -fPIC ${wl}+b ${wl}$install_libdir -o $output_objdir/$soname $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags~test $output_objdir/$soname = $lib || mv $output_objdir/$soname $lib' ;; *) archive_cmds='$CC -shared -fPIC ${wl}+h ${wl}$soname ${wl}+b ${wl}$install_libdir -o $lib $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags' ;; esac output_verbose_link_cmds='$CC -shared -fPIC $CFLAGS -v conftest.$objext 2>&1 | egrep "\-L"' remove_lgcc=yes fi if test "$with_gcc" = no ; then # FIXME: insert proper C++ library support ld_shlibs=no fi ;; esac ;; irix5* | irix6*) case $cc_basename in CC) # SGI C++ archive_cmds='$CC -shared -all -multigot $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags -soname $soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo -set_version $verstring` -update_registry ${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib' # Archives containing C++ object files must be created using # "CC -ar", where "CC" is the IRIX C++ compiler. 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(KAI) C++ Compiler # KCC will only create a shared library if the output file # ends with ".so" (or ".sl" for HP-UX), so rename the library # to its proper name (with version) after linking. archive_cmds='templib=`echo $lib | sed -e "s/\.so\..*/\.so/"`; $CC $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags --soname $soname -o \$templib; mv \$templib $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='templib=`echo $lib | sed -e "s/\.so\..*/\.so/"`; $CC $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags --soname $soname -o \$templib ${wl}-retain-symbols-file,$export_symbols; mv \$templib $lib' # Commands to make compiler produce verbose output that lists # what "hidden" libraries, object files and flags are used when # linking a shared library. # # There doesn't appear to be a way to prevent this compiler from # explicitly linking system object files so we need to strip them # from the output so that they don't get included in the library # dependencies. output_verbose_link_cmds='templist=`$CC $CFLAGS -v conftest.$objext -o libconftest.so 2>&1 | egrep "ld"`; rm -f libconftest.so; list=""; for z in $templist; do case $z in conftest.$objext) list="$list $z";; *.$objext);; *) list="$list $z";;esac; done; echo $list' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}--rpath,$libdir' export_dynamic_flag_spec='${wl}--export-dynamic' # Archives containing C++ object files must be created using # "CC -Bstatic", where "CC" is the KAI C++ compiler. old_archive_cmds='$CC -Bstatic -o $oldlib $oldobjs' ;; cxx) # Compaq C++ archive_cmds='$CC -shared $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname -o $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='$CC -shared $predep_objects $libobjs $deplibs $postdep_objects $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname -o $lib ${wl}-retain-symbols-file $wl$export_symbols' runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-rpath $libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator=: # Commands to make compiler produce verbose output that lists # what "hidden" libraries, object files and flags are used when # linking a shared library. # # There doesn't appear to be a way to prevent this compiler from # explicitly linking system object files so we need to strip them # from the output so that they don't get included in the library # dependencies. output_verbose_link_cmds='templist=`$CC -shared $CFLAGS -v conftest.$objext 2>&1 | grep "ld"`; templist=`echo $templist | sed "s/\(^.*ld.*\)\( .*ld .*$\)/\1/"`; list=""; for z in $templist; do case $z in conftest.$objext) list="$list $z";; *.$objext);; *) list="$list $z";;esac; done; echo $list' ;; insure) if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then # Insure++ together with gcc probably means also GNU ld # only -whole-archive isn't supported whole_archive_flag_spec="" # and we can't use -nostdlib, because bloody insure has no way to # output the linkline (-Zvm isn't working as documented), so we don't # know the depending libs. 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};" >> $lib.exp~ $LD -G${allow_undefined_flag} -M $lib.exp -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags~$rm $lib.exp' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec= hardcode_shlibpath_var=no runpath_var='LD_RUN_PATH' ;; uts4*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; dgux*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; sysv4*MP*) if test -d /usr/nec; then archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH hardcode_runpath_var=yes ld_shlibs=yes fi ;; sysv4.2uw2*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_minus_L=no hardcode_shlibpath_var=no hardcode_runpath_var=yes runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH ;; unixware7*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' runpath_var='LD_RUN_PATH' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; *) ld_shlibs=no ;; esac fi ## Compiler Characteristics: PIC flags, static flags, etc # We don't use cached values here since only the C compiler # characteristics should be cached. ac_cv_prog_cc_pic= ac_cv_prog_cc_shlib= ac_cv_prog_cc_wl= ac_cv_prog_cc_static= ac_cv_prog_cc_no_builtin= ac_cv_prog_cc_can_build_shared=$can_build_shared ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Wl,' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-static' case $host_os in beos* | irix5* | irix6* | osf3* | osf4* | osf5*) # PIC is the default for these OSes. ;; aix*) # Below there is a dirty hack to force normal static linking with -ldl # The problem is because libdl dynamically linked with both libc and # libC (AIX C++ library), which obviously doesn't included in libraries # list by gcc. This cause undefined symbols with -static flags. # This hack allows C programs to be linked with "-static -ldl", but # we not sure about C++ programs. ac_cv_prog_cc_static="$ac_cv_prog_cc_static ${ac_cv_prog_cc_wl}-lC" ;; *djgpp*) # DJGPP does not suppot shared libraries at all ac_cv_prog_cc_pic= ;; cygwin* | mingw* | os2*) # This hack is so that the source file can tell whether it is being # built for inclusion in a dll (and should export symbols for example). ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-DDLL_EXPORT' ;; amigaos*) # FIXME: we need at least 68020 code to build shared libraries, but # adding the `-m68020' flag to GCC prevents building anything better, # like `-m68040'. ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-m68020 -resident32 -malways-restore-a4' ;; sysv4*MP*) if test -d /usr/nec; then ac_cv_prog_cc_pic=-Kconform_pic fi ;; *) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-fPIC' ;; esac # GCJ did not exist at the time GCC didn't implicitly link libc in. need_lc=no # All existing releases of GCJ support `-c -o'. lt_cv_compiler_c_o=yes c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/conf.change.pl0000644000076400001440000001024007474404675014112 #!/usr/bin/perl -w # this script patches a config.status file, to use our own perl script # in the main loop # we do it this way to circumvent hacking (and thereby including) # autoconf function (which are GPL) into our LGPL acinclude.m4.in # written by Michael Matz # adapted by Dirk Mueller # we have to change two places # 1. the splitting of the substitutions into chunks of 90 (or even 48 in # later autoconf's # 2. the big main loop which patches all Makefile.in's use File::Basename; my $ac_aux_dir = dirname($0); my ($flag); local $ac_version = 0; my $vpath_seen = 0; $flag = 0; while (<>) { # usage of $flag: 0 -- we have seen nothing yet # 1 -- we are in (1) # 2 -- we have ended (1) # 3 -- we are in (2) # 4 -- we ended (2) if ($flag == 4) { print; } elsif ($flag == 0) { # 1. begins with (including): "ac_max_sed_\S+\s*=\s*[0-9]+..." # ends with (excluding) "CONFIG_FILE=..." # in later autoconf (2.14.1) there is no CONFIG_FILES= line, # but instead the (2) directly follow (1) if (/^\s*ac_max_sed_([a-z]+).*=\s*([0-9]+)/ ) { $flag = 1; if ($1 eq 'lines') { # lets hope its different with 2141, # wasn't able to verify that if ($2 eq '48') { $ac_version = 250; } else { $ac_version = 2141; } } elsif ($1 eq 'cmds') { $ac_version = 213; } # hmm, we don't know the autoconf version, but we try anyway } else { print; } } elsif ($flag == 1) { if (/^\s*CONFIG_FILES=/ && ($ac_version != 250)) { print; $flag = 2; } elsif (/^\s*for\s+ac_file\s+in\s+.*CONFIG_FILES/ ) { $flag = 3; } } elsif ($flag == 2) { # 2. begins with: "for ac_file in.*CONFIG_FILES" (the next 'for' after (1)) # end with: "rm -f conftest.s\*" # on autoconf 250, it ends with '# CONFIG_HEADER section' if (/^\s*for\s+ac_file\s+in\s+.*CONFIG_FILES/ ) { $flag = 3; } else { print; } } elsif ($flag == 3) { if (/^\s*rm\s+-f\s+conftest/ ) { $flag = 4; &insert_main_loop(); } elsif (/^\s*rm\s+-f\s+.*ac_cs_root/ ) { $flag = 4; &insert_main_loop(); #die "hhhhhhh"; if ($ac_version != 2141) { print STDERR "hmm, don't know autoconf version\n"; } } elsif (/^\#\s*CONFIG_HEADER section.*/) { $flag = 4; &insert_main_loop(); if($ac_version != 250) { print STDERR "hmm, something went wrong :-(\n"; } } elsif (/VPATH/ ) { $vpath_seen = 1; } } } die "wrong input (flag != 4)" unless $flag == 4; print STDERR "hmm, don't know autoconf version\n" unless $ac_version; sub insert_main_loop { if ($ac_version == 250) { &insert_main_loop_250(); } else { &insert_main_loop_213(); } } sub insert_main_loop_250 { print <>\$tmp/subs.sed EOF } print <> \$tmp/subs.files fi done if test -f \$tmp/subs.files ; then perl $ac_aux_dir/config.pl "\$tmp/subs.sed" "\$tmp/subs.files" "\$srcdir" "\$INSTALL" fi rm -f \$tmp/subs.files fi EOF return; } sub insert_main_loop_213 { print <> \$ac_cs_root.subs EOF } print <> \$ac_cs_root.sacfiles fi done if test -f \$ac_cs_root.sacfiles ; then perl $ac_aux_dir/config.pl "\$ac_cs_root.subs" "\$ac_cs_root.sacfiles" "\$ac_given_srcdir" "\$ac_given_INSTALL" fi rm -f \$ac_cs_root.s* EOF return; } c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/am_edit0000644000076400001440000020166107474404754012740 #!/usr/bin/perl -w # Expands the specialised KDE tags in Makefile.in to (hopefully) valid # make syntax. # When called without file parameters, we work recursively on all Makefile.in # in and below the current subdirectory. When called with file parameters, # only those Makefile.in are changed. # The currently supported tags are # # {program}_METASOURCES # where you have a choice of two styles # {program}_METASOURCES = name1.moc name2.moc ... [\] # {program}_METASOURCES = AUTO # The second style requires other tags as well. # # To install icons : # KDE_ICON = iconname iconname2 ... # KDE_ICON = AUTO # # For documentation : # ... # # and more new tags TBD! # # The concept (and base code) for this program came from automoc, # supplied by the following # # Matthias Ettrich (The originator) # Kalle Dalheimer (The original implementator) # Harri Porten # Alex Zepeda # David Faure # Stephan Kulow use Cwd; use File::Find; use File::Basename; # Prototype the functions sub initialise (); sub processMakefile ($); sub updateMakefile (); sub restoreMakefile (); sub removeLine ($$); sub appendLines ($); sub substituteLine ($$); sub findMocCandidates (); sub pruneMocCandidates ($); sub checkMocCandidates (); sub addMocRules (); sub tag_AUTOMAKE (); sub tag_META_INCLUDES (); sub tag_METASOURCES (); sub tag_POFILES (); sub tag_DOCFILES (); sub tag_LOCALINSTALL(); sub tag_IDLFILES(); sub tag_UIFILES(); sub tag_SUBDIRS(); sub tag_ICON(); sub tag_CLOSURE(); sub tag_DIST(); # Some global globals... $verbose = 0; # a debug flag $thisProg = "$0"; # This programs name $topdir = cwd(); # The current directory @makefiles = (); # Contains all the files we'll process @foreignfiles = (); $start = (times)[0]; # some stats for testing - comment out for release $version = "v0.2"; $errorflag = 0; $cppExt = "(cpp|cc|cxx|C|c\\+\\+)"; $hExt = "(h|H|hh|hxx|hpp|h\\+\\+)"; $progId = "KDE tags expanded automatically by " . basename($thisProg); $automkCall = "\n"; $printname = ""; # used to display the directory the Makefile is in $use_final = 1; # create code for --enable-final $cleantarget = "clean"; $dryrun = 0; $pathoption = 0; while (defined ($ARGV[0])) { $_ = shift; if (/^--version$/) { print STDOUT "\n"; print STDOUT basename($thisProg), " $version\n", "This is really free software, unencumbered by the GPL.\n", "You can do anything you like with it except sueing me.\n", "Copyright 1998 Kalle Dalheimer \n", "Concept, design and unnecessary questions about perl\n", " by Matthias Ettrich \n\n", "Making it useful by Stephan Kulow and\n", "Harri Porten \n", "Updated (Feb-1999), John Birch \n", "Current Maintainer Stephan Kulow\n\n"; exit 0; } elsif (/^--verbose$|^-v$/) { $verbose = 1; # Oh is there a problem...? } elsif (/^-p(.+)$|^--path=(.+)$/) { $thisProg = "$1/".basename($thisProg) if($1); $thisProg = "$2/".basename($thisProg) if($2); warn ("$thisProg doesn't exist\n") if (!(-f $thisProg)); $pathoption=1; } elsif (/^--help$|^-h$/) { print STDOUT "Usage $thisProg [OPTION] ... [dir/Makefile.in]...\n", "\n", "Patches dir/Makefile.in generated from automake\n", "(where dir can be a full or relative directory name)", "\n", " -v, --verbose verbosely list files processed\n", " -h, --help print this help, then exit\n", " --version print version number, then exit\n", " -p, --path= use the path to am_edit if the path\n", " --no-final don't patch for --enable-final\n", " called from is not the one to be used\n"; exit 0; } elsif (/^--no-final$/) { $use_final = 0; $thisProg .= " --no-final"; } elsif (/^-n$/) { $dryrun = 1; } else { # user selects what input files to check # add full path if relative path is given $_ = cwd()."/".$_ if (! /^\//); print "User wants $_\n" if ($verbose); push (@makefiles, $_); } } if ($thisProg =~ /^\// && !$pathoption ) { print STDERR "Illegal full pathname call performed...\n", "The call to \"$thisProg\"\nwould be inserted in some Makefile.in.\n", "Please use option --path.\n"; exit 1; } # Only scan for files when the user hasn't entered data if (!@makefiles) { print STDOUT "Scanning for Makefile.in\n" if ($verbose); find (\&add_makefile, cwd()); #chdir('$topdir'); } else { print STDOUT "Using user enter input files\n" if ($verbose); } foreach $makefile (sort(@makefiles)) { processMakefile ($makefile); last if ($errorflag); } # Just some debug statistics - comment out for release as it uses printf. printf STDOUT "Time %.2f CPU sec\n", (times)[0] - $start if ($verbose); exit $errorflag; # causes make to fail if erroflag is set #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # In conjunction with the "find" call, this builds the list of input files sub add_makefile () { push (@makefiles, $File::Find::name) if (/Makefile.in$/); } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Processes a single make file # The parameter contains the full path name of the Makefile.in to use sub processMakefile ($) { # some useful globals for the subroutines called here local ($makefile) = @_; local @headerdirs = ('.'); local $haveAutomocTag = 0; local $MakefileData = ""; local $cxxsuffix = "KKK"; local @programs = (); # lists the names of programs and libraries local $program = ""; local %realObjs = (); # lists the objects compiled into $program local %sources = (); # lists the sources used for $program local %finalObjs = (); # lists the objects compiled when final local %realname = (); # the binary name of program variable local %idlfiles = (); # lists the idl files used for $program local %globalmocs = ();# list of all mocfiles (in %mocFiles format) local %important = (); # list of files to be generated asap local %uiFiles = (); local $allidls = ""; local $idl_output = "";# lists all idl generated files for cleantarget local $ui_output = "";# lists all uic generated files for cleantarget local %depedmocs = (); local $metasourceTags = 0; local $dep_files = ""; local $dep_finals = ""; local %target_adds = (); # the targets to add local $kdelang = ""; local @cleanfiles = (); local $cleanMoc = ""; local $closure_output = ""; $makefileDir = dirname($makefile); chdir ($makefileDir); $printname = $makefile; $printname =~ s/^\Q$topdir\E\///; $makefile = basename($makefile); print STDOUT "Processing makefile $printname\n" if ($verbose); # Setup and see if we need to do this. return if (!initialise()); tag_AUTOMAKE (); # Allows a "make" to redo the Makefile.in tag_META_INCLUDES (); # Supplies directories for src locations foreach $program (@programs) { $sources_changed{$program} = 0; $depedmocs{$program} = ""; $important{$program} = ""; tag_IDLFILES(); # Sorts out idl rules tag_CLOSURE(); tag_UIFILES(); # Sorts out ui rules tag_METASOURCES (); # Sorts out the moc rules if ($sources_changed{$program}) { my $lookup = "$program" . '_SOURCES\s*=\s*(.*)'; substituteLine($lookup, "$program\_SOURCES=" . $sources{$program}); } if ($important{$program}) { local %source_dict = (); for $source (split(/[\034\s]+/, $sources{$program})) { $source_dict{$source} = 1; } for $source (@cleanfiles) { $source_dict{$source} = 0; } for $source (keys %source_dict) { next if (!$source); if ($source_dict{$source}) { # sanity check if (! -f $source) { print STDERR "Error: $source is listed in a _SOURCE line in $printname, but doesn't exist yet. Put it in DISTCLEANFILES!\n"; } else { $target_adds{"\$(srcdir)/$source"} .= $important{$program}; } } } } } if ($cleanMoc) { # Always add dist clean tag # Add extra *.moc.cpp files created for USE_AUTOMOC because they # aren't included in the normal *.moc clean rules. appendLines ("$cleantarget-metasources:\n\t-rm -f $cleanMoc\n"); $target_adds{"$cleantarget-am"} .= "$cleantarget-metasources "; } tag_DIST(); if ($idl_output) { appendLines ("$cleantarget-idl:\n\t-rm -f $idl_output\n"); $target_adds{"$cleantarget-am"} .= "$cleantarget-idl "; } if ($ui_output) { appendLines ("$cleantarget-ui:\n\t-rm -f $ui_output\n"); $target_adds{"$cleantarget-am"} .= "$cleantarget-ui "; } if ($closure_output) { appendLines ("$cleantarget-closures:\n\t-rm -f $closure_output\n"); $target_adds{"$cleantarget-am"} .= "$cleantarget-closures "; } if ($MakefileData =~ /\nKDE_LANG\s*=\s*(\S*)\s*\n/) { $kdelang = '$(KDE_LANG)' } else { $kdelang = ''; } tag_POFILES (); # language rules for po directory tag_DOCFILES (); # language rules for doc directories tag_LOCALINSTALL(); # add $(DESTDIR) before all kde_ dirs tag_ICON(); tag_SUBDIRS(); my $tmp = "force-reedit:\n"; $tmp .= "\t$automkCall\n\tcd \$(top_srcdir) && perl $thisProg $printname\n\n"; appendLines($tmp); make_meta_classes(); tag_FINAL() if (!$kdeopts{"nofinal"}); my $final_lines = "final:\n\t\$(MAKE) "; my $final_install_lines = "final-install:\n\t\$(MAKE) "; my $nofinal_lines = "no-final:\n\t\$(MAKE) "; my $nofinal_install_lines = "no-final-install:\n\t\$(MAKE) "; foreach $program (@programs) { my $lookup = "$program\_OBJECTS.*=[^\n]*"; my $new = ""; my @list = split(/[\034\s]+/, $realObjs{$program}); if (!$kdeopts{"nofinal"} && @list > 1 && $finalObjs{$program}) { $new .= "$program\_final\_OBJECTS = " . $finalObjs{$program}; $new .= "\n$program\_nofinal\_OBJECTS = " . $realObjs{$program}; $new .= "\n\@KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE\@$program\_OBJECTS = \$($program\_nofinal\_OBJECTS)"; $new .= "\n\@KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE\@$program\_OBJECTS = \$($program\_final\_OBJECTS)"; $final_lines .= "$program\_OBJECTS=\"\$($program\_final_OBJECTS)\" "; $final_install_lines .= "$program\_OBJECTS=\"\$($program\_final_OBJECTS)\" "; $nofinal_lines .= "$program\_OBJECTS=\"\$($program\_nofinal\_OBJECTS)\" "; $nofinal_install_lines .= "$program\_OBJECTS=\"\$($program\_nofinal_OBJECTS)\" "; } else { $new = "$program\_OBJECTS = " . $realObjs{$program}; } substituteLine ($lookup, $new); } appendLines($final_lines . "all-am"); appendLines($final_install_lines . "install-am"); appendLines($nofinal_lines . "all-am"); appendLines($nofinal_install_lines . "install-am"); my $lookup = 'DEP_FILES\s*=([^\n]*)'; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup\n/o) { $depfiles = $1; if ($dep_finals) { $lines = "\@KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE\@DEP_FILES = $dep_files $dep_finals \034\t$depfiles\n"; $lines .= "\@KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE\@DEP_FILES = $dep_files $depfiles\n"; } else { $lines = "DEP_FILES = $dep_files $depfiles\n"; } substituteLine($lookup, $lines); } my $cvs_lines = "cvs-clean:\n"; $cvs_lines .= "\t\$(MAKE) -f \$(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean\n"; appendLines($cvs_lines); $cvs_lines = "kde-rpo-clean:\n"; $cvs_lines .= "\t-rm -f *.rpo\n"; appendLines($cvs_lines); $target_adds{"clean"} .= "kde-rpo-clean "; # some strange people like to do a install-exec, and expect that also # all modules are installed. automake doesn't know this, so we need to move # this here from install-data to install-exec. if ($MakefileData =~ m/\nkde_module_LTLIBRARIES\s*=/) { $target_adds{"install-exec-am"} .= "install-kde_moduleLTLIBRARIES"; my $lookup = 'install-data-am:\s*(.*)'; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup\n/) { my $newdeps = $1; $newdeps =~ s/\s*install-kde_moduleLTLIBRARIES\s*/ /g; substituteLine($lookup, "install-data-am: " . $newdeps); } } my $lines = ""; foreach $add (keys %target_adds) { my $lookup = quotemeta($add) . ':([^\n]*)'; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup\n/) { substituteLine($lookup, "$add: " . $target_adds{$add} . $1); } else { $lines .= "$add: " . $target_adds{$add} . "\n"; } } if ($lines) { appendLines($lines); } my $found = 1; while ($found) { if ($MakefileData =~ m/\n(.*)\$\(CXXFLAGS\)(.*)\n/) { my $vor = $1; # "vor" means before in German my $nach = $2; # "nach" means after in German my $lookup = quotemeta("$1\$(CXXFLAGS)$2"); my $replacement = "$1\$(KCXXFLAGS)$2"; $MakefileData =~ s/$lookup/$replacement/; $lookup =~ s/\\\$\\\(CXXFLAGS\\\)/\\\$\\\(KCXXFLAGS\\\)/; $replacement = "$vor\$(KCXXFLAGS) \$(KDE_CXXFLAGS)$nach"; substituteLine($lookup, $replacement); } else { $found = 0; } } $lookup = '(\n[^#].*\$\(LIBTOOL\) --mode=link) (\$\(CXXLD\).*\$\(KCXXFLAGS\))'; if ($MakefileData =~ m/$lookup/ ) { $MakefileData =~ s/$lookup/$1 --tag=CXX $2/; } $lookup = '(\n[^#].*\$\(LIBTOOL\) --mode=compile) (\$\(CXX\).*\$\(KCXXFLAGS\))'; if ($MakefileData =~ m/$lookup/ ) { $MakefileData =~ s/$lookup/$1 --tag=CXX $2/; } $MakefileData =~ s/\$\(KCXXFLAGS\)/\$\(CXXFLAGS\)/g; $lookup = '(.*)cp -pr \$\$/\$\$file \$\(distdir\)/\$\$file(.*)'; if ($MakefileData =~ m/\n$lookup\n/) { substituteLine($lookup, "$1cp -pr \$\$d/\$\$file \$(distdir)/\$\$file$2"); } # Always update the Makefile.in updateMakefile (); return; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Check to see whether we should process this make file. # This is where we look for tags that we need to process. # A small amount of initialising on the tags is also done here. # And of course we open and/or create the needed make files. sub initialise () { if (! -r "Makefile.am") { print STDOUT "found Makefile.in without Makefile.am\n" if ($verbose); return 0; } # Checking for files to process... open (FILEIN, $makefile) || die "Could not open $makefileDir/$makefile: $!\n"; # Read the file # stat(FILEIN)[7] might look more elegant, but is slower as it # requires stat'ing the file seek(FILEIN, 0, 2); my $fsize = tell(FILEIN); seek(FILEIN, 0, 0); read FILEIN, $MakefileData, $fsize; close FILEIN; print "DOS CRLF within $makefileDir/$makefile!\n" if($MakefileData =~ y/\r//d); # Remove the line continuations, but keep them marked # Note: we lose the trailing spaces but that's ok. $MakefileData =~ s/\\\s*\n\s*/\034/g; # If we've processed the file before... restoreMakefile () if ($MakefileData =~ /$progId/); foreach $dir (@foreignfiles) { if (substr($makefileDir,0,length($dir)) eq $dir) { return 0; } } %kdeopts = (); $kdeopts{"foreign"} = 0; $kdeopts{"qtonly"} = 0; $kdeopts{"nofinal"} = !$use_final; # default if ($MakefileData =~ /\nKDE_OPTIONS\s*=\s*([^\n]*)\n/) { local @kde_options = split(/[\s\034]/, $1); if (grep(/^foreign$/, @kde_options)) { push(@foreignfiles, $makefileDir . "/"); return 0; # don't touch me } for $opt (@kde_options) { if (!defined $kdeopts{$opt}) { print STDERR "Warning: unknown option $opt in $printname\n"; } else { $kdeopts{$opt} = 1; } } } # Look for the tags that mean we should process this file. $metasourceTags = 0; $metasourceTags++ while ($MakefileData =~ /\n[^=\#]*METASOURCES\s*=/g); my $pofileTag = 0; $pofileTag++ while ($MakefileData =~ /\nPOFILES\s*=/g); if ($pofileTag > 1) { print STDERR "Error: Only one POFILES tag allowed\n"; $errorflag = 1; } while ($MakefileData =~ /\n\.SUFFIXES:([^\n]+)\n/g) { my @list=split(' ', $1); foreach $ext (@list) { if ($ext =~ /^\.$cppExt$/) { $cxxsuffix = $ext; $cxxsuffix =~ s/\.//g; print STDOUT "will use suffix $cxxsuffix\n" if ($verbose); last; } } } while ($MakefileData =~ /\n(\S*)_OBJECTS\s*=[ \t\034]*([^\n]*)\n/g) { my $program = $1; my $objs = $2; # safe them my $ocv = 0; my @objlist = split(/[\s\034]+/, $objs); foreach $obj (@objlist) { if ($obj =~ /\$\((\S+)\)/ ) { my $variable = $1; if ($variable !~ 'OBJEXT') { $ocv = 1; } } } next if ($ocv); $program =~ s/^am_// if ($program =~ /^am_/); my $sourceprogram = $program; $sourceprogram =~ s/\@am_/\@/ if($sourceprogram =~ /^.*\@am_.+/); print STDOUT "found program $program\n" if ($verbose); push(@programs, $program); $realObjs{$program} = $objs; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$sourceprogram\_SOURCES\s*=\s*(.*)\n/) { $sources{$program} = $1; } else { $sources{$program} = ""; print STDERR "found program with no _SOURCES: $program\n"; } my $realprogram = $program; $realprogram =~ s/_/./g; # unmask to regexp if ($MakefileData =~ /\n($realprogram)(\$\(EXEEXT\)?)?:.*\$\($program\_OBJECTS\)/) { $realname{$program} = $1; } else { # not standard Makefile - nothing to worry about $realname{$program} = ""; } } my $lookup = '\nDEPDIR\s*=.*'; if ($MakefileData !~ /($lookup)\n/o) { $lookup = '\nbindir\s*=.*'; if ($MakefileData =~ /($lookup)\n/) { substituteLine ($lookup, "DEPDIR = .deps\n$1"); } } my @marks = ('MAINTAINERCLEANFILES', 'CLEANFILES', 'DISTCLEANFILES'); foreach $mark (@marks) { while ($MakefileData =~ /\n($mark)\s*=\s*([^\n]*)/g) { foreach $file (split('[\034\s]', $2)) { $file =~ s/\.\///; push(@cleanfiles, $file); } } } my $localTag = 0; $localTag++ if ($MakefileData =~ /\ninstall-\S+-local:/); return (!$errorflag); } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Gets the list of user defined directories - relative to $srcdir - where # header files could be located. sub tag_META_INCLUDES () { my $lookup = '[^=\n]*META_INCLUDES\s*=\s*(.*)'; return 1 if ($MakefileData !~ /($lookup)\n/o); print STDOUT "META_INCLUDE processing <$1>\n" if ($verbose); my $headerStr = $2; removeLine ($lookup, $1); $headerStr =~ tr/\034/ /; my @headerlist = split(' ', $headerStr); foreach $dir (@headerlist) { $dir =~ s#\$\(srcdir\)#.#; if (! -d $dir) { print STDERR "Warning: $dir can't be found. ", "Must be a relative path to \$(srcdir)\n"; } else { push (@headerdirs, $dir); } } return 0; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub tag_FINAL() { my @final_names = (); foreach $program (@programs) { if ($sources{$program} =~ /\(/) { print STDOUT "found ( in $program\_SOURCES. skipping\n" if ($verbose); next; } my $mocsources = ""; my @progsources = split(/[\s\034]+/, $sources{$program}); my %sourcelist = (); foreach $source (@progsources) { my $suffix = $source; $suffix =~ s/^.*\.([^\.]+)$/$1/; if (defined($sourcelist{$suffix})) { $sourcelist{$suffix} .= " " . $source; } else { $sourcelist{$suffix} .= $source; } } foreach $suffix (keys %sourcelist) { # See if this file contains c++ code. (ie Just check the files suffix against my $suffix_is_cxx = 0; if($suffix =~ /($cppExt)$/) { $cxxsuffix = $1; $suffix_is_cxx = 1; } my $mocfiles_in = ($suffix eq $cxxsuffix) && defined($depedmocs{$program}); my @sourcelist = split(/[\s\034]+/, $sourcelist{$suffix}); if ((@sourcelist == 1 && !$mocfiles_in) || $suffix_is_cxx != 1 ) { # we support IDL on our own if ($suffix =~ /^skel$/ || $suffix =~ /^stub/ || $suffix =~ /^h$/ || $suffix =~ /^ui$/ ) { next; } foreach $file (@sourcelist) { $file =~ s/\Q$suffix\E$//; $finalObjs{$program} .= $file; if ($program =~ /_la$/) { $finalObjs{$program} .= "lo "; } else { $finalObjs{$program} .= "o "; } } next; # suffix } my $source_deps = ""; foreach $source (@sourcelist) { if (-f $source) { $source_deps .= "\$(srcdir)/$source "; } else { $source_deps .= "$source "; } } $handling = "$program.all_$suffix.$suffix: \$(srcdir)/Makefile.in " . $source_deps . " "; if ($mocfiles_in) { $handling .= $depedmocs{$program}; foreach $mocfile (split(' ', $depedmocs{$program})) { if ($mocfile =~ m/\.$suffix$/) { $mocsources .= " " . $mocfile; } } } $handling .= "\n"; $handling .= "\t\@echo 'creating $program.all_$suffix.$suffix ...'; \\\n"; $handling .= "\trm -f $program.all_$suffix.files $program.all_$suffix.final; \\\n"; $handling .= "\techo \"#define KDE_USE_FINAL 1\" >> $program.all_$suffix.final; \\\n"; $handling .= "\tfor file in " . $sourcelist{$suffix} . " $mocsources; do \\\n"; $handling .= "\t echo \"#include \\\"\$\$file\\\"\" >> $program.all_$suffix.files; \\\n"; $handling .= "\t test ! -f \$\(srcdir\)/\$\$file || egrep '^#pragma +implementation' \$\(srcdir\)/\$\$file >> $program.all_$suffix.final; \\\n"; $handling .= "\tdone; \\\n"; $handling .= "\tcat $program.all_$suffix.final $program.all_$suffix.files > $program.all_$suffix.$suffix; \\\n"; $handling .= "\trm -f $program.all_$suffix.final $program.all_$suffix.files\n"; appendLines($handling); push(@final_names, "$program.all_$suffix.$suffix"); $finalObjs{$program} .= "$program.all_$suffix."; if ($program =~ /_la$/) { $finalObjs{$program} .= "lo "; } else { $finalObjs{$program} .= "o "; } } } if (!$kdeopts{"nofinal"} && @final_names >= 1) { # add clean-final target my $lines = "$cleantarget-final:\n"; $lines .= "\t-rm -f " . join(' ', @final_names) . "\n" if (@final_names); appendLines($lines); $target_adds{"$cleantarget-am"} .= "$cleantarget-final "; foreach $finalfile (@final_names) { $finalfile =~ s/\.[^.]*$/.P/; $dep_finals .= " \$(DEPDIR)/$finalfile"; } } } # Organises the list of headers that we'll use to produce moc files # from. sub tag_METASOURCES () { local @newObs = (); # here we add to create object files local @deped = (); # here we add to create moc files local $mocExt = ".moc"; local %mocFiles = (); my $line = ""; my $postEqual = ""; my $lookup; my $found = ""; if ($metasourceTags > 1) { $lookup = $program . '_METASOURCES\s*=\s*(.*)'; return 1 if ($MakefileData !~ /\n($lookup)\n/); $found = $1; } else { $lookup = $program . '_METASOURCES\s*=\s*(.*)'; if ($MakefileData !~ /\n($lookup)\n/) { $lookup = 'METASOURCES\s*=\s*(.*)'; return 1 if ($MakefileData !~ /\n($lookup)\n/o); $found = $1; $metasourceTags = 0; # we can use the general target only once } else { $found = $1; } } print STDOUT "METASOURCE processing <$found>)\n" if ($verbose); $postEqual = $found; $postEqual =~ s/[^=]*=//; removeLine ($lookup, $found); # Always find the header files that could be used to "moc" return 1 if (findMocCandidates ()); if ($postEqual =~ /AUTO\s*(\S*)|USE_AUTOMOC\s*(\S*)/) { print STDERR "$printname: the argument for AUTO|USE_AUTOMOC is obsolete" if ($+); $mocExt = ".moc.$cxxsuffix"; $haveAutomocTag = 1; } else { # Not automoc so read the list of files supplied which # should be .moc files. $postEqual =~ tr/\034/ /; # prune out extra headers - This also checks to make sure that # the list is valid. pruneMocCandidates ($postEqual); } checkMocCandidates (); if (@newObs) { my $ext = ($program =~ /_la$/) ? ".moc.lo " : ".moc.o "; $realObjs{$program} .= "\034" . join ($ext, @newObs) . $ext; $depedmocs{$program} = join (".moc.$cxxsuffix " , @newObs) . ".moc.$cxxsuffix"; foreach $file (@newObs) { $dep_files .= " \$(DEPDIR)/$file.moc.P" if($dep_files !~/$file.moc.P/); } } if (@deped) { $depedmocs{$program} .= " "; $depedmocs{$program} .= join('.moc ', @deped) . ".moc"; $depedmocs{$program} .= " "; } addMocRules (); @globalmocs{keys %mocFiles}=values %mocFiles; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Returns 0 if the line was processed - 1 otherwise. # Errors are logged in the global $errorflags sub tag_AUTOMAKE () { my $lookup = '.*cd \$\(top_srcdir\)\s+&&[\s\034]+\$\(AUTOMAKE\)(.*)'; return 1 if ($MakefileData !~ /\n($lookup)\n/); print STDOUT "AUTOMAKE processing <$1>\n" if ($verbose); my $newLine = $1."\n\tcd \$(top_srcdir) && perl $thisProg $printname"; substituteLine ($lookup, $newLine); $automkCall = $1; return 0; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub handle_TOPLEVEL() { my $pofiles = ""; my @restfiles = (); opendir (THISDIR, "."); foreach $entry (readdir(THISDIR)) { next if (-d $entry); next if ($entry eq "CVS" || $entry =~ /^\./ || $entry =~ /^Makefile/ || $entry =~ /~$/ || $entry =~ /^\#.*\#$/ || $entry =~ /.gmo$/); if ($entry =~ /\.po$/) { next; } push(@restfiles, $entry); } closedir (THISDIR); if (@restfiles) { $target_adds{"install-data-am"} .= "install-nls-files "; $lines = "install-nls-files:\n"; $lines .= "\t\$(mkinstalldirs) \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$kdelang\n"; for $file (@restfiles) { $lines .= "\t\$(INSTALL_DATA) \$\(srcdir\)/$file \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$kdelang/$file\n"; } $target_adds{"uninstall"} .= "uninstall-nls-files "; $lines .= "uninstall-nls-files:\n"; for $file (@restfiles) { $lines .= "\t-rm -f \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$kdelang/$file\n"; } appendLines($lines); } return 0; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub tag_SUBDIRS () { if ($MakefileData !~ /\nSUBDIRS\s*=\s*\$\(AUTODIRS\)\s*\n/) { return 1; } my $subdirs = "."; opendir (THISDIR, "."); foreach $entry (readdir(THISDIR)) { next if ($entry eq "CVS" || $entry =~ /^\./); if (-d $entry && -f $entry . "/Makefile.am") { $subdirs .= " $entry"; next; } } closedir (THISDIR); my $lines = "SUBDIRS =$subdirs\n"; substituteLine('SUBDIRS\s*=.*', $lines); return 0; } sub tag_IDLFILES () { my @psources = split(/[\034\s]+/, $sources{$program}); my $dep_lines = ""; my @cppFiles = (); foreach $source (@psources) { my $skel = ($source =~ m/\.skel$/); if ($source =~ m/\.stub$/ || $skel) { my $qs = quotemeta($source); $sources{$program} =~ s/$qs//; $sources_changed{$program} = 1; print STDOUT "adding IDL file $source\n" if ($verbose); $source =~ s/\.(stub|skel)$//; my $sourcename; if ($skel) { $sourcename = "$source\_skel"; } else { $sourcename = "$source\_stub"; } my $sourcedir = ''; if (-f "$makefileDir/$source.h") { $sourcedir = '$(srcdir)/'; } else { if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$source\_DIR\s*=\s*(\S+)\n/) { $sourcedir = $1; $sourcedir .= "/" if ($sourcedir !~ /\/$/); } } if ($allidls !~ /$source\_kidl/) { $dep_lines .= "$source.kidl: $sourcedir$source.h \$(DCOPIDL_DEPENDENCIES)\n"; $dep_lines .= "\t\$(DCOPIDL) $sourcedir$source.h > $source.kidl || ( rm -f $source.kidl ; /bin/false )\n"; $allidls .= $source . "_kidl "; } if ($allidls !~ /$sourcename/) { if ($skel) { $dep_lines .= "$sourcename.$cxxsuffix: $source.kidl\n"; $dep_lines .= "\t\$(DCOPIDL2CPP) --c++-suffix $cxxsuffix --no-stub $source.kidl\n"; } else { $target_adds{"$sourcename.$cxxsuffix"} .= "$sourcename.h "; $dep_lines .= "$sourcename.h: $source.kidl\n"; $dep_lines .= "\t\$(DCOPIDL2CPP) --c++-suffix $cxxsuffix --no-skel $source.kidl\n"; } $allidls .= $sourcename . " "; } $idlfiles{$program} .= $sourcename . " "; if ($program =~ /_la$/) { $realObjs{$program} .= " $sourcename.lo"; } else { $realObjs{$program} .= " $sourcename.\$(OBJEXT)"; } $sources{$program} .= " $sourcename.$cxxsuffix"; $sources_changed{$program} = 1; $important{$program} .= "$sourcename.h " if (!$skel); $idl_output .= "\\\n\t$sourcename.$cxxsuffix $sourcename.h $source.kidl "; push(@cleanfiles, "$sourcename.$cxxsuffix"); push(@cleanfiles, "$sourcename.h"); push(@cleanfiles, "$sourcename.kidl"); $dep_files .= " \$(DEPDIR)/$sourcename.P" if ($dep_files !~/$sourcename.P/); } } if ($dep_lines) { appendLines($dep_lines); } if (0) { my $lookup = "($program)"; $lookup .= '(|\$\(EXEEXT\))'; $lookup =~ s/\_/./g; $lookup .= ":(.*..$program\_OBJECTS..*)"; # $lookup = quotemeta($lookup); if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup\n/) { my $line = "$1$2: "; foreach $file (split(' ', $idlfiles{$program})) { $line .= "$file.$cxxsuffix "; } $line .= $3; substituteLine($lookup, $line); } else { print STDERR "no built dependency found $lookup\n"; } } } sub tag_UIFILES () { my @psources = split(/[\034\s]+/, $sources{$program}); my $dep_lines = ""; my @depFiles = (); foreach $source (@psources) { if ($source =~ m/\.ui$/) { print STDERR "adding UI file $source\n" if ($verbose); my $qs = quotemeta($source); $sources{$program} =~ s/$qs//; $sources_changed{$program} = 1; $source =~ s/\.ui$//; my $sourcedir = ''; if (-f "$makefileDir/$source.ui") { $sourcedir = '$(srcdir)/'; } if (!$uiFiles{$source}) { $dep_lines .= "$source.$cxxsuffix: $sourcedir$source.ui $source.h $source.moc\n"; $dep_lines .= "\trm -f $source.$cxxsuffix\n"; if (!$kdeopts{"qtonly"}) { $dep_lines .= "\techo '#include ' > $source.$cxxsuffix\n"; $dep_lines .= "\t\$(UIC) -tr \${UIC_TR} -i $source.h $sourcedir$source.ui | sed -e \"s,\${UIC_TR}( \\\"\\\" ),QString::null,g\" | sed -e \"s,\${UIC_TR}( \\\"\\\"\\, \\\"\\\" ),QString::null,g\" >> $source.$cxxsuffix || rm -f $source.$cxxsuffix\n"; } else { $dep_lines .= "\t\$(UIC) -i $source.h $sourcedir$source.ui > $source.$cxxsuffix || rm -f $source.$cxxsuffix\n"; } $dep_lines .= "\techo '#include \"$source.moc\"' >> $source.$cxxsuffix\n\n"; $dep_lines .= "$source.h: $sourcedir$source.ui\n"; $dep_lines .= "\t\$(UIC) -o $source.h $sourcedir$source.ui\n\n"; $dep_lines .= "$source.moc: $source.h\n"; $dep_lines .= "\t\$(MOC) $source.h -o $source.moc\n"; $uiFiles{$source} = 1; $depedmocs{$program} .= " $source.moc"; $globalmocs{$source} = "\035$source.h\035$source.cpp"; } if ($program =~ /_la$/) { $realObjs{$program} .= " $source.lo"; } else { $realObjs{$program} .= " $source.\$(OBJEXT)"; } $sources{$program} .= " $source.$cxxsuffix"; $sources_changed{$program} = 1; $important{$program} .= "$source.h "; $ui_output .= "\\\n\t$source.$cxxsuffix $source.h $source.moc "; push(@cleanfiles, "$source.$cxxsuffix"); push(@cleanfiles, "source.h"); push(@cleanfiles, "$source.moc"); $dep_files .= " \$(DEPDIR)/$source.P" if($dep_files !~/$source.P/ ); } } if ($dep_lines) { appendLines($dep_lines); } } sub tag_ICON() { my $lookup = '([^\s]*)_ICON\s*=\s*([^\n]*)'; my $install = ""; my $uninstall = ""; while ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup/og) { my $destdir; if ($1 eq "KDE") { $destdir = "kde_icondir"; } else { $destdir = $1 . "dir"; } my $iconauto = ($2 =~ /AUTO\s*$/); my @appnames = (); if ( ! $iconauto ) { my @_appnames = split(" ", $2); print STDOUT "KDE_ICON processing <@_appnames>\n" if ($verbose); foreach $appname (@_appnames) { push(@appnames, quotemeta($appname)); } } else { print STDOUT "KDE_ICON processing \n" if ($verbose); } my @files = (); opendir (THISDIR, "."); foreach $entry (readdir(THISDIR)) { next if ($entry eq "CVS" || $entry =~ /^\./ || $entry =~ /^Makefile/ || $entry =~ /~$/ || $entry =~ /^\#.*\#$/); next if (! -f $entry); if ( $iconauto ) { push(@files, $entry) if ($entry =~ /\.xpm/ || $entry =~ /\.png/); } else { foreach $appname (@appnames) { push(@files, $entry) if ($entry =~ /-$appname\.xpm/ || $entry =~ /-$appname\.png/); } } } closedir (THISDIR); my %directories = (); foreach $file (@files) { my $newfile = $file; my $prefix = $file; $prefix =~ s/\.(png|xpm)$//; my $appname = $prefix; $appname =~ s/^[^-]+-// if ($appname =~ /-/) ; $appname =~ s/^[^-]+-// if ($appname =~ /-/) ; $appname = quotemeta($appname); $prefix =~ s/$appname$//; $prefix =~ s/-$//; $prefix = 'lo16-app' if ($prefix eq 'mini'); $prefix = 'lo32-app' if ($prefix eq 'lo'); $prefix = 'hi48-app' if ($prefix eq 'large'); $prefix .= '-app' if ($prefix =~ m/^...$/); my $type = $prefix; $type =~ s/^.*-([^-]+)$/$1/; $prefix =~ s/^(.*)-[^-]+$/$1/; my %type_hash = ( 'action' => 'actions', 'app' => 'apps', 'device' => 'devices', 'filesys' => 'filesystems', 'mime' => 'mimetypes' ); if (! defined $type_hash{$type} ) { print STDERR "unknown icon type $type in $printname ($file)\n"; next; } my %dir_hash = ( 'los' => 'locolor/16x16', 'lom' => 'locolor/32x32', 'him' => 'hicolor/32x32', 'hil' => 'hicolor/48x48', 'lo16' => 'locolor/16x16', 'lo22' => 'locolor/22x22', 'lo32' => 'locolor/32x32', 'hi16' => 'hicolor/16x16', 'hi22' => 'hicolor/22x22', 'hi32' => 'hicolor/32x32', 'hi48' => 'hicolor/48x48', 'hi64' => 'hicolor/64x64', 'hisc' => 'hicolor/scalable' ); $newfile =~ s@.*-($appname\.(png|xpm?))@$1@; if (! defined $dir_hash{$prefix}) { print STDERR "unknown icon prefix $prefix in $printname\n"; next; } my $dir = $dir_hash{$prefix} . "/" . $type_hash{$type}; if ($newfile =~ /-[^\.]/) { my $tmp = $newfile; $tmp =~ s/^([^-]+)-.*$/$1/; $dir = $dir . "/" . $tmp; $newfile =~ s/^[^-]+-//; } if (!defined $directories{$dir}) { $install .= "\t\$(mkinstalldirs) \$(DESTDIR)\$($destdir)/$dir\n"; $directories{$dir} = 1; } $install .= "\t\$(INSTALL_DATA) \$(srcdir)/$file \$(DESTDIR)\$($destdir)/$dir/$newfile\n"; $uninstall .= "\t-rm -f \$(DESTDIR)\$($destdir)/$dir/$newfile\n"; } } if (length($install)) { $target_adds{"install-data-am"} .= "install-kde-icons "; $target_adds{"uninstall-am"} .= "uninstall-kde-icons "; appendLines("install-kde-icons:\n" . $install . "\nuninstall-kde-icons:\n" . $uninstall); } } sub handle_POFILES($$) { my @pofiles = split(" ", $_[0]); my $lang = $_[1]; # Build rules for creating the gmo files my $tmp = ""; my $allgmofiles = ""; my $pofileLine = "POFILES ="; foreach $pofile (@pofiles) { $pofile =~ /(.*)\.[^\.]*$/; # Find name minus extension $tmp .= "$1.gmo: $pofile\n"; $tmp .= "\trm -f $1.gmo; \$(GMSGFMT) -o $1.gmo \$(srcdir)/$pofile\n"; $tmp .= "\ttest ! -f $1.gmo || touch $1.gmo\n"; $allgmofiles .= " $1.gmo"; $pofileLine .= " $1.po"; } appendLines ($tmp); my $lookup = 'POFILES\s*=([^\n]*)'; if ($MakefileData !~ /\n$lookup/o) { appendLines("$pofileLine\nGMOFILES =$allgmofiles"); } else { substituteLine ($lookup, "$pofileLine\nGMOFILES =$allgmofiles"); } if ($allgmofiles) { # Add the "clean" rule so that the maintainer-clean does something appendLines ("clean-nls:\n\t-rm -f $allgmofiles\n"); $target_adds{"maintainer-clean"} .= "clean-nls "; $lookup = 'DISTFILES\s*=\s*(.*)'; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup\n/o) { $tmp = "DISTFILES = \$(GMOFILES) \$(POFILES) $1"; substituteLine ($lookup, $tmp); } } $target_adds{"install-data-am"} .= "install-nls "; $tmp = "install-nls:\n"; if ($lang) { $tmp .= "\t\$(mkinstalldirs) \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$lang/LC_MESSAGES\n"; } $tmp .= "\t\@for base in "; foreach $pofile (@pofiles) { $pofile =~ /(.*)\.[^\.]*$/; # Find name minus extension $tmp .= "$1 "; } $tmp .= "; do \\\n"; if ($lang) { $tmp .= "\t echo \$(INSTALL_DATA) \$\$base.gmo \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$lang/LC_MESSAGES/\$\$base.mo ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\t test ! -f \$\$base.gmo || \$(INSTALL_DATA) \$\$base.gmo \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$lang/LC_MESSAGES/\$\$base.mo ;\\\n" } else { $tmp .= "\t echo \$(INSTALL_DATA) \$\$base.gmo \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/\$\$base/LC_MESSAGES/\$(PACKAGE).mo ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\t \$(mkinstalldirs) \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/\$\$base/LC_MESSAGES ; \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t test ! -f \$\$base.gmo || \$(INSTALL_DATA) \$\$base.gmo \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/\$\$base/LC_MESSAGES/\$(PACKAGE).mo ;\\\n"; } $tmp .= "\tdone\n\n"; appendLines ($tmp); $target_adds{"uninstall"} .= "uninstall-nls "; $tmp = "uninstall-nls:\n"; foreach $pofile (@pofiles) { $pofile =~ /(.*)\.[^\.]*$/; # Find name minus extension if ($lang) { $tmp .= "\trm -f \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$lang/LC_MESSAGES/$1.mo\n"; } else { $tmp .= "\trm -f \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_locale)/$1/LC_MESSAGES/\$(PACKAGE).mo\n"; } } appendLines($tmp); $target_adds{"all"} .= "all-nls "; $tmp = "all-nls: \$(GMOFILES)\n"; appendLines($tmp); $target_adds{"distdir"} .= "distdir-nls "; $tmp = "distdir-nls:\$(GMOFILES)\n"; $tmp .= "\tfor file in \$(POFILES); do \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t cp \$(srcdir)/\$\$file \$(distdir); \\\n"; $tmp .= "\tdone\n"; $tmp .= "\tfor file in \$(GMOFILES); do \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t cp \$(srcdir)/\$\$file \$(distdir); \\\n"; $tmp .= "\tdone\n"; appendLines ($tmp); if (!$lang) { appendLines("merge:\n\t\$(MAKE) -f \$(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common package-merge POFILES=\"\${POFILES}\" PACKAGE=\${PACKAGE}\n\n"); } } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Returns 0 if the line was processed - 1 otherwise. # Errors are logged in the global $errorflags sub tag_POFILES () { my $lookup = 'POFILES\s*=([^\n]*)'; return 1 if ($MakefileData !~ /\n$lookup/o); print STDOUT "POFILES processing <$1>\n" if ($verbose); my $tmp = $1; # make sure these are all gone. if ($MakefileData =~ /\n\.po\.gmo:\n/) { print STDERR "Warning: Found old .po.gmo rules in $printname. New po rules not added\n"; return 1; } # Either find the pofiles in the directory (AUTO) or use # only the specified po files. my $pofiles = ""; if ($tmp =~ /^\s*AUTO\s*$/) { opendir (THISDIR, "."); $pofiles = join(" ", grep(/\.po$/, readdir(THISDIR))); closedir (THISDIR); print STDOUT "pofiles found = $pofiles\n" if ($verbose); if (-f "charset" && -f "kdelibs.po") { handle_TOPLEVEL(); } } else { $tmp =~ s/\034/ /g; $pofiles = $tmp; } return 1 if (!$pofiles); # Nothing to do handle_POFILES($pofiles, $kdelang); return 0; } sub helper_LOCALINSTALL($) { my $lookup = "\n" . $_[0] . ":"; if ($MakefileData =~ /($lookup)/) { my $install = $MakefileData; $install =~ s/\n/\035/g; $install =~ s/.*\035$_[0]:[^\035]*\035//; my $emptyline = 0; while (! $emptyline) { if ($install =~ /([^\035]*)\035(.*)/) { local $line = $1; $install = $2; if ($line !~ /^\s*$/ && $line !~ /^(\@.*\@)*\t/) { $emptyline = 1; } else { replaceDestDir($line); } } else { $emptyline = 1; } } } } sub tag_LOCALINSTALL () { helper_LOCALINSTALL('install-exec-local'); helper_LOCALINSTALL('install-data-local'); helper_LOCALINSTALL('uninstall-local'); return 0; } sub replaceDestDir($) { local $line = $_[0]; if ( $line =~ /^\s*(\@.*\@)*\s*\$\(mkinstalldirs\)/ || $line =~ /^\s*(\@.*\@)*\s*\$\(INSTALL\S*\)/ || $line =~ /^\s*(\@.*\@)*\s*(-?rm.*) \S*$/) { $line =~ s/^(.*) ([^\s]*)\s*$/$1 \$(DESTDIR)$2/ if ($line !~ /\$\(DESTDIR\)/); } if ($line ne $_[0]) { $_[0] = quotemeta $_[0]; substituteLine($_[0], $line); } } #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub tag_CLOSURE () { return if ($program !~ /_la$/); my $lookup = quotemeta($realname{$program}) . ":.*?\n\t.*?\\((.*?)\\) .*\n"; $MakefileData =~ m/$lookup/; return if ($1 !~ /CXXLINK/); if ($MakefileData !~ /\n$program\_LDFLAGS\s*=.*-no-undefined/ && $MakefileData !~ /\n$program\_LDFLAGS\s*=.*KDE_PLUGIN/ ) { print STDERR "Report: $program contains undefined in $printname\n" if ($program =~ /^lib/ && $dryrun); return; } my $closure = $realname{$program} . ".closure"; my $lines = "$closure: \$($program\_OBJECTS) \$($program\_DEPENDENCIES)\n"; $lines .= "\t\@echo \"int main() {return 0;}\" > $program\_closure.$cxxsuffix\n"; $lines .= "\t\@\$\(LTCXXCOMPILE\) -c $program\_closure.$cxxsuffix\n"; $lines .= "\t\$\(CXXLINK\) $program\_closure.lo \$($program\_LDFLAGS) \$($program\_OBJECTS) \$($program\_LIBADD) \$(LIBS)\n"; $lines .= "\t\@rm -f $program\_closure.* $closure\n"; $lines .= "\t\@echo \"timestamp\" > $closure\n"; $lines .= "\n"; appendLines($lines); $lookup = $realname{$program} . ": (.*)"; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup\n/) { $lines = "\@KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE@". $realname{$program} . ": $closure $1"; $lines .= "\n\@KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE@" . $realname{$program} . ": $1"; substituteLine($lookup, $lines); } $closure_output .= " $closure"; } sub tag_DIST () { my %foundfiles = (); opendir (THISDIR, "."); foreach $entry (readdir(THISDIR)) { next if ($entry eq "CVS" || $entry =~ /^\./ || $entry =~ /^Makefile$$/ || $entry =~ /~$/ || $entry =~ /^\#.*\#$/); next if (! -f $entry); next if ($entry =~ /\.moc/ || $entry =~ /\.lo$/ || $entry =~ /\.la$/ || $entry =~ /\.o/); next if ($entry =~ /.+meta_unload.$cppExt$/ || $entry =~ /\.all_$cppExt\.$cppExt$/); $foundfiles{$entry} = 1; } closedir (THISDIR); my @marks = ("EXTRA_DIST", "DIST_COMMON", '\S*_SOURCES', '\S*_HEADERS', 'MAINTAINERCLEANFILES', 'CLEANFILES', 'DISTCLEANFILES', '\S*_OBJECTS'); foreach $mark (@marks) { while ($MakefileData =~ /\n($mark)\s*=\s*([^\n]*)/g) { foreach $file (split('[\034\s]', $2)) { $file =~ s/\.\///; $foundfiles{$file} = 0 if (defined $foundfiles{$file}); } } } my @files = ("Makefile", "config.cache", "config.log", "stamp-h", "stamp-h1", "stamp-h1", "config.h", "Makefile", "config.status", "config.h", "libtool"); foreach $file (@files) { $foundfiles{$file} = 0 if (defined $foundfiles{$file}); } my $KDE_DIST = ""; foreach $file (keys %foundfiles) { if ($foundfiles{$file} == 1) { $KDE_DIST .= "$file "; } } if ($KDE_DIST) { print "KDE_DIST $printname $KDE_DIST\n" if ($verbose); my $lookup = "DISTFILES *=(.*)"; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n$lookup\n/o) { substituteLine($lookup, "KDE_DIST=$KDE_DIST\n\nDISTFILES=$1 \$(KDE_DIST)\n"); } } } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Returns 0 if the line was processed - 1 otherwise. # Errors are logged in the global $errorflags sub tag_DOCFILES () { # if ($MakefileData =~ /\nSUBDIRS\s*=/) { # subdirs # $MakefileData =~ /\n(.*-recursive:\s*)\n/; # my $orig_rules = $1; # my $rules = $orig_rules; # $rules =~ s/:\s*$//; # substituteLine($orig_rules, "$rules docs-recursive:"); # appendLines("docs: docs-recursive docs-am\n"); # } else { # appendLines("docs: docs-am\n"); # } $target_adds{"all"} .= "docs-am "; my $lookup = 'KDE_DOCS\s*=\s*([^\n]*)'; goto nodocs if ($MakefileData !~ /\n$lookup/o); print STDOUT "KDE_DOCS processing <$1>\n" if ($verbose); my $tmp = $1; # Either find the files in the directory (AUTO) or use # only the specified po files. my $files = ""; my $appname = $tmp; $appname =~ s/^(\S*)\s*.*$/$1/; if ($appname =~ /AUTO/) { $appname = basename($makefileDir); if ("$appname" eq "en") { print STDERR "Error: KDE_DOCS = AUTO relies on the directory name. Yours is 'en' - you most likely want something else, e.g. KDE_DOCS = myapp\n"; exit(1); } } if ($tmp !~ / - /) { opendir (THISDIR, "."); foreach $entry (readdir(THISDIR)) { next if ($entry eq "CVS" || $entry =~ /^\./ || $entry =~ /^Makefile/ || $entry =~ /~$/ || $entry =~ /^\#.*\#$/); next if (! -f $entry); $files .= "$entry "; } closedir (THISDIR); print STDOUT "docfiles found = $files\n" if ($verbose); } else { $tmp =~ s/\034/ /g; $tmp =~ s/^\S*\s*-\s*//; $files = $tmp; } goto nodocs if (!$files); # Nothing to do if ($files =~ /(^| )index\.docbook($| )/) { my $lines = ""; my $lookup = 'MEINPROC\s*='; if ($MakefileData !~ /\n($lookup)/) { $lines = "MEINPROC=/\$(kde_bindir)/meinproc\n"; } $lookup = 'KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET\s*='; if ($MakefileData !~ /\n($lookup)/) { $lines .= "KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET=/\$(kde_datadir)/ksgmltools2/customization/kde-chunk.xsl\n"; } $lookup = '\nindex.cache.bz2:'; if ($MakefileData !~ /\n($lookup)/) { $lines .= "index.cache.bz2: \$(srcdir)/index.docbook \$(KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET) $files\n"; $lines .= "\t-\@if test -n \"\$(MEINPROC)\"; then echo \$(MEINPROC) --check --cache index.cache.bz2 \$(srcdir)/index.docbook; \$(MEINPROC) --check --cache index.cache.bz2 \$(srcdir)/index.docbook; fi\n"; $lines .= "\n"; } $lines .= "docs-am: index.cache.bz2\n"; $lines .= "\n"; $lines .= "install-docs: docs-am install-nls\n"; $lines .= "\t\$(mkinstalldirs) \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname\n"; $lines .= "\t\@if test -f index.cache.bz2; then \\\n"; $lines .= "\techo \$(INSTALL_DATA) index.cache.bz2 \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname/; \\\n"; $lines .= "\t\$(INSTALL_DATA) index.cache.bz2 \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname/; \\\n"; $lines .= "\tfi\n"; $lines .= "\t-rm -f \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname/common\n"; $lines .= "\t\$(LN_S) \$(kde_libs_htmldir)/$kdelang/common \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname/common\n"; $lines .= "\n"; $lines .= "uninstall-docs:\n"; $lines .= "\t-rm -rf \$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname\n"; $lines .= "\n"; $lines .= "clean-docs:\n"; $lines .= "\t-rm -f index.cache.bz2\n"; $lines .= "\n"; $target_adds{"install-data-am"} .= "install-docs "; $target_adds{"uninstall"} .= "uninstall-docs "; $target_adds{"clean-am"} .= "clean-docs "; appendLines ($lines); } else { appendLines("docs-am: $files\n"); } $target_adds{"install-data-am"} .= "install-nls"; $target_adds{"uninstall"} .= "uninstall-nls "; $tmp = "install-nls:\n"; $tmp .= "\t\$(mkinstalldirs) \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname\n"; $tmp .= "\t\@for base in $files; do \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t echo \$(INSTALL_DATA) \$\$base \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname/\$\$base ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\t \$(INSTALL_DATA) \$(srcdir)/\$\$base \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname/\$\$base ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\tdone\n"; if ($appname eq 'common') { $tmp .= "\t\@echo \"merging common and language specific dir\" ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\tif test ! -e \$(kde_htmldir)/en/common/kde-common.css; then echo 'no english docs found in \$(kde_htmldir)/en/common/'; exit 1; fi \n"; $tmp .= "\t\@com_files=`cd \$(kde_htmldir)/en/common && echo *` ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\tcd \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/common ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\tif test -n \"\$\$com_files\"; then for p in \$\$com_files ; do \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t case \" $files \" in \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t *\" \$\$p \"*) ;; \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t *) test ! -e \$\$p && echo \$(LN_S) ../../en/common/\$\$p \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/common/\$\$p && \$(LN_S) ../../en/common/\$\$p \$\$p ;; \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t esac ; \\\n"; $tmp .= "\tdone ; fi ; true\n"; } $tmp .= "\n"; $tmp .= "uninstall-nls:\n"; $tmp .= "\tfor base in $files; do \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t rm -f \$(DESTDIR)\$(kde_htmldir)/$kdelang/$appname/\$\$base ;\\\n"; $tmp .= "\tdone\n\n"; appendLines ($tmp); $target_adds{"distdir"} .= "distdir-nls "; $tmp = "distdir-nls:\n"; $tmp .= "\tfor file in $files; do \\\n"; $tmp .= "\t cp \$(srcdir)/\$\$file \$(distdir); \\\n"; $tmp .= "\tdone\n"; appendLines ($tmp); return 0; nodocs: appendLines("docs-am:\n"); return 1; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Find headers in any of the source directories specified previously, that # are candidates for "moc-ing". sub findMocCandidates () { foreach $dir (@headerdirs) { my @list = (); opendir (SRCDIR, "$dir"); @hFiles = grep { /.+\.$hExt$/o } readdir(SRCDIR); closedir SRCDIR; foreach $hf (@hFiles) { next if ($hf =~ /^\.\#/); $hf =~ /(.*)\.[^\.]*$/; # Find name minus extension next if ($uiFiles{$1}); open (HFIN, "$dir/$hf") || die "Could not open $dir/$hf: $!\n"; my $hfsize = 0; seek(HFIN, 0, 2); $hfsize = tell(HFIN); seek(HFIN, 0, 0); read HFIN, $hfData, $hfsize; close HFIN; # push (@list, $hf) if(index($hfData, "Q_OBJECT") >= 0); ### fast but doesn't handle //Q_OBJECT if ( $hfData =~ /{([^}]*)Q_OBJECT/s ) { ## handle " { friend class blah; Q_OBJECT " push (@list, $hf) unless $1 =~ m://[^\n]*Q_OBJECT[^\n]*$:s; ## handle "// Q_OBJECT" } } # The assoc array of root of headerfile and header filename foreach $hFile (@list) { $hFile =~ /(.*)\.[^\.]*$/; # Find name minus extension if ($mocFiles{$1}) { print STDERR "Warning: Multiple header files found for $1\n"; next; # Use the first one } $mocFiles{$1} = "$dir\035$hFile"; # Add relative dir } } return 0; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # The programmer has specified a moc list. Prune out the moc candidates # list that we found based on looking at the header files. This generates # a warning if the programmer gets the list wrong, but this doesn't have # to be fatal here. sub pruneMocCandidates ($) { my %prunedMoc = (); local @mocList = split(' ', $_[0]); foreach $mocname (@mocList) { $mocname =~ s/\.moc$//; if ($mocFiles{$mocname}) { $prunedMoc{$mocname} = $mocFiles{$mocname}; } else { my $print = $makefileDir; $print =~ s/^\Q$topdir\E\\//; # They specified a moc file but we can't find a header that # will generate this moc file. That's possible fatal! print STDERR "Warning: No moc-able header file for $print/$mocname\n"; } } undef %mocFiles; %mocFiles = %prunedMoc; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Finds the cpp files (If they exist). # The cpp files get appended to the header file separated by \035 sub checkMocCandidates () { my @cppFiles; my $cpp2moc; # which c++ file includes which .moc files my $moc2cpp; # which moc file is included by which c++ files return unless (keys %mocFiles); opendir(THISDIR, ".") || return; @cppFiles = grep { /.+\.$cppExt$/o && !/.+\.moc\.$cppExt$/o && !/.+\.all_$cppExt\.$cppExt$/o } readdir(THISDIR); closedir THISDIR; return unless (@cppFiles); my $files = join (" ", @cppFiles); $cpp2moc = {}; $moc2cpp = {}; foreach $cxxf (@cppFiles) { open (CXXFIN, $cxxf) || die "Could not open $cxxf: $!\n"; seek(CXXFIN, 0, 2); my $cxxfsize = tell(CXXFIN); seek(CXXFIN, 0, 0); read CXXFIN, $cxxfData, $cxxfsize; close CXXFIN; while(($cxxfData =~ m/^[ \t]*\#include\s*[<\"](.*\.moc)[>\"]/gm)) { $cpp2moc->{$cxxf}->{$1} = 1; $moc2cpp->{$1}->{$cxxf} = 1; } } foreach my $mocFile (keys (%mocFiles)) { @cppFiles = keys %{$moc2cpp->{"$mocFile.moc"}}; if (@cppFiles == 1) { $mocFiles{$mocFile} .= "\035" . $cppFiles[0]; push(@deped, $mocFile); } elsif (@cppFiles == 0) { push (@newObs, $mocFile); # Produce new object file next if ($haveAutomocTag); # This is expected... # But this is an error we can deal with - let them know print STDERR "Warning: No c++ file that includes $mocFile.moc\n"; } else { # We can't decide which file to use, so it's fatal. Although as a # guess we could use the mocFile.cpp file if it's in the list??? print STDERR "Error: Multiple c++ files that include $mocFile.moc\n"; print STDERR "\t",join ("\t", @cppFiles),"\n"; $errorflag = 1; delete $mocFiles{$mocFile}; # Let's continue and see what happens - They have been told! } } } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Add the rules for generating moc source from header files # For Automoc output *.moc.cpp but normally we'll output *.moc # (We must compile *.moc.cpp separately. *.moc files are included # in the appropriate *.cpp file by the programmer) sub addMocRules () { my $cppFile; my $hFile; foreach $mocFile (keys (%mocFiles)) { undef $cppFile; ($dir, $hFile, $cppFile) = split ("\035", $mocFiles{$mocFile}, 3); $dir =~ s#^\.#\$(srcdir)#; if (defined ($cppFile)) { $target_adds{"\$(srcdir)/$cppFile"} .= "$mocFile.moc "; appendLines ("$mocFile.moc: $dir/$hFile\n\t\$(MOC) $dir/$hFile -o $mocFile.moc\n"); $cleanMoc .= " $mocFile.moc"; } else { appendLines ("$mocFile$mocExt: $dir/$hFile\n\t\$(MOC) $dir/$hFile -o $mocFile$mocExt\n"); $cleanMoc .= " $mocFile$mocExt"; } } } sub make_meta_classes () { return if ($kdeopts{"qtonly"}); my $cppFile; my $hFile; my $moc_class_headers = ""; foreach $program (@programs) { my $mocs = ""; my @progsources = split(/[\s\034]+/, $sources{$program}); my @depmocs = split(' ', $depedmocs{$program}); my %shash = (), %mhash = (); @shash{@progsources} = 1; # we are only interested in the existence @mhash{@depmocs} = 1; print STDOUT "program=$program\n" if ($verbose); print STDOUT "psources=[".join(' ', keys %shash)."]\n" if ($verbose); print STDOUT "depmocs=[".join(' ', keys %mhash)."]\n" if ($verbose); print STDOUT "globalmocs=[".join(' ', keys(%globalmocs))."]\n" if ($verbose); foreach my $mocFile (keys (%globalmocs)) { undef $cppFile; ($dir, $hFile, $cppFile) = split ("\035", $globalmocs{$mocFile}, 3); $dir =~ s#^\.#\$(srcdir)#; if (defined ($cppFile)) { $mocs .= " $mocFile.moc" if exists $shash{$cppFile}; } else { # Bah. This is the case, if no C++ file includes the .moc # file. We make a .moc.cpp file for that. Unfortunately this # is not included in the %sources hash, but rather is mentioned # in %depedmocs. If the user wants to use AUTO he can't just # use an unspecific METAINCLUDES. Instead he must use # program_METAINCLUDES. Anyway, it's not working real nicely. # E.g. Its not clear what happens if user specifies two # METAINCLUDES=AUTO in the same Makefile.am. $mocs .= " $mocFile.moc.$cxxsuffix" if exists $mhash{$mocFile.".moc.$cxxsuffix"}; } } if ($mocs) { print STDOUT "==> mocs=[".$mocs."]\n" if ($verbose); my $sourcename = $program."_meta_unload"; my $ext = ($program =~ /_la$/) ? ".lo" : ".o"; my $srcfile = $sourcename.".$cxxsuffix"; my $objfile = $sourcename.$ext; $moc_class_headers .= " $srcfile"; my $appl; $appl = "$srcfile: $mocs\n"; $appl .= "\t\@echo 'creating $srcfile'\n"; $appl .= "\t\@-rm -f $srcfile\n"; $appl .= "\t\@if test \${kde_qtver} = 2; then \\\n"; $appl .= "\t\techo 'static const char * _metalist_$program\[\] = {' > $srcfile ;\\\n"; $appl .= "\t\tcat $mocs | grep 'char.*className' | "; $appl .= "sed -e 's/.*[^A-Za-z0-9_:]\\([A-Za-z0-9_:]*\\)::className.*\$\$/\\\"\\1\\\",/' | sort | uniq >> $srcfile ;\\\n"; $appl .= "\t\techo '0};' >> $srcfile ;\\\n"; $appl .= "\t\techo '#include ' >> $srcfile ;\\\n"; $appl .= "\t\techo '_UNLOAD($program)' >> $srcfile ;\\\n"; $appl .= "\telse echo > $srcfile; fi\n"; $appl .= "\n"; $realObjs{$program} .= " \034" . $objfile . " "; $sources{$program} .= " $srcfile"; $sources_changed{$program} = 1; $dep_files .= " \$(DEPDIR)/$sourcename.P" if($dep_files !~/$sourcename.P/); appendLines ($appl); } print STDOUT "\n" if $verbose; } if ($moc_class_headers) { appendLines ("$cleantarget-moc-classes:\n\t-rm -f $moc_class_headers\n"); $target_adds{"$cleantarget-am"} .= "$cleantarget-moc-classes "; } } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub updateMakefile () { return if ($dryrun); open (FILEOUT, "> $makefile") || die "Could not create $makefile: $!\n"; print FILEOUT "\# $progId - " . '$Revision: 1.2 $ ' . "\n"; $MakefileData =~ s/\034/\\\n\t/g; # Restore continuation lines print FILEOUT $MakefileData; close FILEOUT; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # The given line needs to be removed from the makefile # Do this by adding the special "removed line" comment at the line start. sub removeLine ($$) { my ($lookup, $old) = @_; $old =~ s/\034/\\\n#>- /g; # Fix continuation lines $MakefileData =~ s/\n$lookup/\n#>\- $old/; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Replaces the old line with the new line # old line(s) are retained but tagged as removed. The new line(s) have the # "added" tag placed before it. sub substituteLine ($$) { my ($lookup, $new) = @_; if ($MakefileData =~ /\n($lookup)/) { $old = $1; $old =~ s/\034/\\\n#>\- /g; # Fix continuation lines $new =~ s/\034/\\\n\t/g; my $newCount = ($new =~ tr/\n//) + 1; $MakefileData =~ s/\n$lookup/\n#>- $old\n#>\+ $newCount\n$new/; } else { print STDERR "Warning: substitution of \"$lookup\" in $printname failed\n"; } } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Slap new lines on the back of the file. sub appendLines ($) { my ($new) = @_; $new =~ s/\034/\\\n\t/g; # Fix continuation lines my $newCount = ($new =~ tr/\n//) + 1; $MakefileData .= "\n#>\+ $newCount\n$new"; } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Restore the Makefile.in to the state it was before we fiddled with it sub restoreMakefile () { $MakefileData =~ s/# $progId[^\n\034]*[\n\034]*//g; # Restore removed lines $MakefileData =~ s/([\n\034])#>\- /$1/g; # Remove added lines while ($MakefileData =~ /[\n\034]#>\+ ([^\n\034]*)/) { my $newCount = $1; my $removeLines = ""; while ($newCount--) { $removeLines .= "[^\n\034]*([\n\034]|)"; } $MakefileData =~ s/[\n\034]#>\+.*[\n\034]$removeLines/\n/; } } #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/libtool.m4.in0000644000076400001440000007220007474404675013723 ## libtool.m4 - Configure libtool for the host system. -*-Shell-script-*- ## Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 ## Free Software Foundation, Inc. ## Originally by Gordon Matzigkeit , 1996 ## ## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify ## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or ## (at your option) any later version. ## ## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but ## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU ## General Public License for more details. ## ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ## Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. ## ## As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you ## distribute this file as part of a program that contains a ## configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under ## the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program. # serial 46 AC_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_DEFUN([AC_PROG_LIBTOOL], [AC_REQUIRE([_AC_PROG_LIBTOOL])dnl dnl If AC_PROG_CXX has already been expanded, run AC_LIBTOOL_CXX dnl immediately, otherwise, hook it in at the end of AC_PROG_CXX. 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Therefore, libtool *** is disabling shared libraries support. We urge you to upgrade GNU *** binutils to release 2.9.1 or newer. Another option is to modify *** your PATH or compiler configuration so that the native linker is *** used, and then restart. EOF elif $LD --help 2>&1 | egrep ': supported targets:.* elf' > /dev/null; then archive_cmds='$CC -shared $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname -o $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='$CC -shared $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname ${wl}-retain-symbols-file $wl$export_symbols -o $lib' else ld_shlibs=no fi ;; sunos4*) archive_cmds='$LD -assert pure-text -Bshareable -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' wlarc= hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; *) if $LD --help 2>&1 | egrep ': supported targets:.* elf' > /dev/null; then archive_cmds='$CC -shared $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname -o $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='$CC -shared $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname $wl$soname ${wl}-retain-symbols-file $wl$export_symbols -o $lib' else ld_shlibs=no fi ;; esac case "$host_os" in freebsd*) skip_need_lc_check=yes ;; esac if test "$ld_shlibs" = yes; then runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}--rpath ${wl}$libdir' export_dynamic_flag_spec='${wl}--export-dynamic' case $host_os in cygwin* | mingw*) # dlltool doesn't understand --whole-archive et. al. whole_archive_flag_spec= ;; *) # ancient GNU ld didn't support --whole-archive et. al. if $LD --help 2>&1 | egrep 'no-whole-archive' > /dev/null; then whole_archive_flag_spec="$wlarc"'--whole-archive$convenience '"$wlarc"'--no-whole-archive' else whole_archive_flag_spec= fi ;; esac fi else # PORTME fill in a description of your system's linker (not GNU ld) case $host_os in aix3*) allow_undefined_flag=unsupported always_export_symbols=yes archive_expsym_cmds='$LD -o $output_objdir/$soname $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags -bE:$export_symbols -T512 -H512 -bM:SRE~$AR $AR_FLAGS $lib $output_objdir/$soname' # Note: this linker hardcodes the directories in LIBPATH if there # are no directories specified by -L. hardcode_minus_L=yes if test "$with_gcc" = yes && test -z "$link_static_flag"; then # Neither direct hardcoding nor static linking is supported with a # broken collect2. hardcode_direct=unsupported fi ;; aix4* | aix5*) hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_libdir_separator=':' link_all_deplibs=yes # When large executables or shared objects are built, AIX ld can # have problems creating the table of contents. If linking a library # or program results in "error TOC overflow" add -mminimal-toc to # CXXFLAGS/CFLAGS for g++/gcc. In the cases where that is not # enough to fix the problem, add -Wl,-bbigtoc to LDFLAGS. if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then case $host_os in aix4.[012]|aix4.[012].*) # We only want to do this on AIX 4.2 and lower, the check # below for broken collect2 doesn't work under 4.3+ collect2name=`${CC} -print-prog-name=collect2` if test -f "$collect2name" && \ strings "$collect2name" | grep resolve_lib_name >/dev/null then # We have reworked collect2 hardcode_direct=yes else # We have old collect2 hardcode_direct=unsupported # It fails to find uninstalled libraries when the uninstalled # path is not listed in the libpath. Setting hardcode_minus_L # to unsupported forces relinking hardcode_minus_L=yes hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator= fi esac shared_flag='-shared' else # not using gcc if test "$host_cpu" = ia64; then shared_flag='${wl}-G' else shared_flag='${wl}-bM:SRE' fi fi if test "$host_cpu" = ia64; then # On IA64, the linker does run time linking by default, so we don't # have to do anything special. aix_use_runtimelinking=no exp_sym_flag='-Bexport' no_entry_flag="" else # KDE requires run time linking. 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*) archive_cmds='$LD -b +h $soname +b $install_libdir -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' ;; esac hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}+b ${wl}$libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator=: hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_minus_L=yes # Not in the search PATH, but as the default # location of the library. export_dynamic_flag_spec='${wl}-E' ;; irix5* | irix6*) if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then archive_cmds='$CC -shared $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname ${wl}$soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo ${wl}-set_version ${wl}$verstring` ${wl}-update_registry ${wl}${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib' else archive_cmds='$LD -shared $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags -soname $soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo -set_version $verstring` -update_registry ${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib' fi hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}-rpath ${wl}$libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator=: link_all_deplibs=yes ;; netbsd*) if echo __ELF__ | $CC -E - | grep __ELF__ >/dev/null; then archive_cmds='$LD -Bshareable -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' # a.out else archive_cmds='$LD -shared -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' # ELF fi hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-R$libdir' hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; newsos6) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linkopts' hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}-rpath ${wl}$libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator=: hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; openbsd*) archive_cmds='$LD -Bshareable -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-R$libdir' hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; os2*) hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_minus_L=yes allow_undefined_flag=unsupported archive_cmds='$echo "LIBRARY $libname INITINSTANCE" > $output_objdir/$libname.def~$echo "DESCRIPTION \"$libname\"" >> $output_objdir/$libname.def~$echo DATA >> $output_objdir/$libname.def~$echo " SINGLE NONSHARED" >> $output_objdir/$libname.def~$echo EXPORTS >> $output_objdir/$libname.def~emxexp $libobjs >> $output_objdir/$libname.def~$CC -Zdll -Zcrtdll -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags $output_objdir/$libname.def' old_archive_from_new_cmds='emximp -o $output_objdir/$libname.a $output_objdir/$libname.def' ;; osf3*) if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then allow_undefined_flag=' ${wl}-expect_unresolved ${wl}\*' archive_cmds='$CC -shared${allow_undefined_flag} $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-soname ${wl}$soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo ${wl}-set_version ${wl}$verstring` ${wl}-update_registry ${wl}${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib' else allow_undefined_flag=' -expect_unresolved \*' archive_cmds='$LD -shared${allow_undefined_flag} $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags -soname $soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo -set_version $verstring` -update_registry ${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib' fi hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='${wl}-rpath ${wl}$libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator=: ;; osf4* | osf5*) # as osf3* with the addition of -msym flag if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then allow_undefined_flag=' ${wl}-expect_unresolved ${wl}\*' archive_cmds='$CC -shared${allow_undefined_flag} $libobjs $deplibs $compiler_flags ${wl}-msym ${wl}-soname ${wl}$soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo ${wl}-set_version ${wl}$verstring` ${wl}-update_registry ${wl}${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib' else allow_undefined_flag=' -expect_unresolved \*' archive_cmds='$LD -shared${allow_undefined_flag} $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags -msym -soname $soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo -set_version $verstring` -update_registry ${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib' archive_expsym_cmds='for i in `cat $export_symbols`; do printf "-exported_symbol " >> $lib.exp; echo "\$i" >> $lib.exp; done; echo "-hidden">> $lib.exp~ $LD -shared${allow_undefined_flag} -input $lib.exp $linker_flags $libobjs $deplibs -soname $soname `test -n "$verstring" && echo -set_version $verstring` -update_registry ${objdir}/so_locations -o $lib~$rm $lib.exp' fi hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-rpath $libdir' hardcode_libdir_separator=: ;; sco3.2v5*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH hardcode_runpath_var=yes ;; solaris*) no_undefined_flag=' -z text' # $CC -shared without GNU ld will not create a library from C++ # object files and a static libstdc++, better avoid it by now archive_cmds='$LD -G${allow_undefined_flag} -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' archive_expsym_cmds='$echo "{ global:" > $lib.exp~cat $export_symbols | sed -e "s/\(.*\)/\1;/" >> $lib.exp~$echo "local: *; };" >> $lib.exp~ $LD -G${allow_undefined_flag} -M $lib.exp -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags~$rm $lib.exp' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-R$libdir' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no case $host_os in solaris2.[0-5] | solaris2.[0-5].*) ;; *) # Supported since Solaris 2.6 (maybe 2.5.1?) whole_archive_flag_spec='-z allextract$convenience -z defaultextract' ;; esac link_all_deplibs=yes ;; sunos4*) archive_cmds='$LD -assert pure-text -Bstatic -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_minus_L=yes hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; sysv4) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' runpath_var='LD_RUN_PATH' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no hardcode_direct=no #Motorola manual says yes, but my tests say they lie ;; sysv4.3*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no export_dynamic_flag_spec='-Bexport' ;; sysv5*) no_undefined_flag=' -z text' # $CC -shared without GNU ld will not create a library from C++ # object files and a static libstdc++, better avoid it by now archive_cmds='$LD -G${allow_undefined_flag} -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' archive_expsym_cmds='$echo "{ global:" > $lib.exp~cat $export_symbols | sed -e "s/\(.*\)/\1;/" >> $lib.exp~$echo "local: *; };" >> $lib.exp~ $LD -G${allow_undefined_flag} -M $lib.exp -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags~$rm $lib.exp' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec= hardcode_shlibpath_var=no runpath_var='LD_RUN_PATH' ;; uts4*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; dgux*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_libdir_flag_spec='-L$libdir' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; sysv4*MP*) if test -d /usr/nec; then archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH hardcode_runpath_var=yes ld_shlibs=yes fi ;; sysv4.2uw2*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' hardcode_direct=yes hardcode_minus_L=no hardcode_shlibpath_var=no hardcode_runpath_var=yes runpath_var=LD_RUN_PATH ;; unixware7*) archive_cmds='$LD -G -h $soname -o $lib $libobjs $deplibs $linker_flags' runpath_var='LD_RUN_PATH' hardcode_shlibpath_var=no ;; *) ld_shlibs=no ;; esac fi ## Compiler Characteristics: PIC flags, static flags, etc if test "X${ac_cv_prog_cc_pic+set}" = Xset; then : else ac_cv_prog_cc_pic= ac_cv_prog_cc_shlib= ac_cv_prog_cc_wl= ac_cv_prog_cc_static= ac_cv_prog_cc_no_builtin= ac_cv_prog_cc_can_build_shared=$can_build_shared if test "$with_gcc" = yes; then ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Wl,' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-static' case $host_os in aix*) # All AIX code is PIC. if test "$host_cpu" = ia64; then # AIX 5 now supports IA64 processor lt_cv_prog_cc_static='-Bstatic' else lt_cv_prog_cc_static='-bnso -bI:/lib/syscalls.exp' fi ;; amigaos*) # FIXME: we need at least 68020 code to build shared libraries, but # adding the `-m68020' flag to GCC prevents building anything better, # like `-m68040'. ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-m68020 -resident32 -malways-restore-a4' ;; beos* | irix5* | irix6* | osf3* | osf4* | osf5*) # PIC is the default for these OSes. ;; cygwin* | mingw* | os2*) # This hack is so that the source file can tell whether it is being # built for inclusion in a dll (and should export symbols for example). ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-DDLL_EXPORT' ;; darwin* | rhapsody*) # PIC is the default on this platform # Common symbols not allowed in MH_DYLIB files lt_cv_prog_cc_pic='-fno-common' ;; *djgpp*) # DJGPP does not support shared libraries at all ac_cv_prog_cc_pic= ;; sysv4*MP*) if test -d /usr/nec; then ac_cv_prog_cc_pic=-Kconform_pic fi ;; *) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-fPIC' ;; esac else # PORTME Check for PIC flags for the system compiler. case $host_os in aix*) # All AIX code is PIC. ac_cv_prog_cc_static="$ac_cv_prog_cc_static ${ac_cv_prog_cc_wl}-lC" ;; hpux9* | hpux10* | hpux11*) # Is there a better ac_cv_prog_cc_static that works with the bundled CC? ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Wl,' ac_cv_prog_cc_static="${ac_cv_prog_cc_wl}-a ${ac_cv_prog_cc_wl}archive" ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='+Z' ;; irix5* | irix6*) ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Wl,' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-non_shared' # PIC (with -KPIC) is the default. ;; cygwin* | mingw* | os2*) # This hack is so that the source file can tell whether it is being # built for inclusion in a dll (and should export symbols for example). ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-DDLL_EXPORT' ;; newsos6) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-KPIC' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-Bstatic' ;; osf3* | osf4* | osf5*) # All OSF/1 code is PIC. ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Wl,' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-non_shared' ;; sco3.2v5*) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-Kpic' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-dn' ac_cv_prog_cc_shlib='-belf' ;; solaris*) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-KPIC' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-Bstatic' ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Wl,' ;; sunos4*) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-PIC' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-Bstatic' ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Qoption ld ' ;; sysv4 | sysv4.2uw2* | sysv4.3* | sysv5*) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-KPIC' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-Bstatic' ac_cv_prog_cc_wl='-Wl,' ;; uts4*) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-pic' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-Bstatic' ;; sysv4*MP*) if test -d /usr/nec ;then ac_cv_prog_cc_pic='-Kconform_pic' ac_cv_prog_cc_static='-Bstatic' fi ;; *) ac_cv_prog_cc_can_build_shared=no ;; esac fi case "$host_os" in # Platforms which do not suport PIC and -DPIC is meaningless # on them: *djgpp*) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic= ;; *) ac_cv_prog_cc_pic="$ac_cv_prog_cc_pic -DPIC" ;; esac fi need_lc=yes if test "$enable_shared" = yes && test "$with_gcc" = yes; then case $archive_cmds in *'~'*) # FIXME: we may have to deal with multi-command sequences. ;; '$CC '*) # Test whether the compiler implicitly links with -lc since on some # systems, -lgcc has to come before -lc. If gcc already passes -lc # to ld, don't add -lc before -lgcc. echo $ac_n "checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... $ac_c" 1>&6 if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_archive_cmds_needs_lc'+set}'`\" = set"; then echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6 need_lc=$ac_cv_archive_cmds_needs_lc elif test "x$skip_need_lc_check" = "xyes" ; then echo $ac_n "(skipping, using no) $ac_c" 1>&6 need_lc=no else $rm conftest* echo "static int dummy;" > conftest.$ac_ext if { (eval echo ltcf-c.sh:need_lc: \"$ac_compile\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_compile) 2>conftest.err; }; then # Append any warnings to the config.log. cat conftest.err 1>&5 soname=conftest lib=conftest libobjs=conftest.$ac_objext deplibs= wl=$ac_cv_prog_cc_wl compiler_flags=-v linker_flags=-v verstring= output_objdir=. libname=conftest save_allow_undefined_flag=$allow_undefined_flag allow_undefined_flag= if { (eval echo ltcf-c.sh:need_lc: \"$archive_cmds\") 1>&5; (eval $archive_cmds) 2>&1 | grep " -lc " 1>&5 ; }; then need_lc=no fi allow_undefined_flag=$save_allow_undefined_flag else cat conftest.err 1>&5 fi fi $rm conftest* echo "$ac_t$need_lc" 1>&6 ;; esac fi ac_cv_archive_cmds_needs_lc=$need_lc c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/debianrules0000644000076400001440000000727007474404675013635 #!/usr/bin/perl -w use Shell qw(mv cp mkdir rm) ; use File::Find; use Cwd; $origPwd = `pwd`; chomp $origPwd; if (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq 'cleanup') { if (-d "debian/tmp/usr/share/config") { if (! -d "debian/tmp/$kde_confdir") { system("mv debian/tmp/usr/share/config debian/tmp/$kde_confdir"); } } system("rm -f `find debian/ -name \".anchors\"`"); system("chmod 755 debian/*preinst debian/*postinst"); exit; } $QTDIR="/usr/share/qt"; $kde_prefix="/usr"; $kde_htmldir="$kde_prefix/share/doc/kde/HTML"; $kde_icondir="$kde_prefix/share/icons"; $kde_sounddir="$kde_prefix/share/sounds"; $kde_datadir="$kde_prefix/share/apps"; $kde_locale="$kde_prefix/share/locale"; $kde_confdir="/etc/kde2"; $kde_cgidir="$kde_prefix/lib/cgi-bin"; $kde_appsdir="$kde_prefix/share/applnk"; $kde_mimedir="$kde_prefix/share/mimelnk"; $kde_wallpaperdir="$kde_prefix/share/wallpapers"; $kde_bindir="$kde_prefix/bin"; $kde_servicesdir="$kde_prefix/share/services"; $kde_servicetypesdir="$kde_prefix/share/servicetypes"; $kde_templatesdir="$kde_prefix/share/templates"; $kde_includedir="$kde_prefix/include/kde"; $kde_libdir="$kde_prefix/lib"; $kde_moduledir="$kde_prefix/lib/kde2"; $mandir="$kde_prefix/share/man"; $infodir="$kde_prefix/share/info"; $IDL="$kde_bindir/cuteidl"; $DCOPIDL="$kde_bindir/dcopidl"; $DCOPIDL2CPP="$kde_bindir/dcopidl2cpp"; $KDB2HTML="$kde_bindir/kdb2html"; $MCOPIDL="$kde_bindir/mcopidl"; $ARTSCCONFIG="$kde_bindir/artsc-config"; if (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq 'echodirs') { print STDOUT "export kde_htmldir=$kde_htmldir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_appsdir=$kde_appsdir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_icondir=$kde_icondir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_sounddir=$kde_sounddir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_datadir=$kde_datadir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_cgidir=$kde_cgidir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_locale=$kde_locale\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_confdir=$kde_confdir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_mimedir=$kde_mimedir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_wallpaperdir=$kde_wallpaperdir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_bindir=$kde_bindir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_servicesdir=$kde_servicesdir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_servicetypesdir=$kde_servicetypesdir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_templatesdir=$kde_templatesdir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_includedir=$kde_includedir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_libdir=$kde_libdir\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_moduledir=$kde_moduledir\n"; print STDOUT "export mandir=$mandir\n"; print STDOUT "export infodir=$infodir\n"; print STDOUT "export QTDIR=$QTDIR\n"; print STDOUT "export kde_prefix=$kde_prefix\n"; print STDOUT "export INSTALL_DATA=/usr/bin/install -c -p -m 644\n"; print STDOUT "export IDL=$IDL\n"; print STDOUT "export DCOPIDL=$DCOPIDL\n"; print STDOUT "export DCOPIDL2CPP=$DCOPIDL2CPP\n"; print STDOUT "export KDB2HTML=$KDB2HTML\n"; print STDOUT "export MCOPIDL=$MCOPIDL\n"; print STDOUT "export ARTSCCONFIG=$ARTSCCONFIG\n"; print STDOUT "configkde=--disable-debug --disable-rpath --prefix=\$(kde_prefix) --libexecdir=\$(kde_bindir) --libdir=\$(kde_libdir) --includedir=\$(kde_includedir) --with-qt-includes=/usr/include/qt --mandir=\$(mandir) --infodir=\$(infodir)\n"; print STDOUT "configkdevelop=--disable-debug --enable-docbase --enable-kdoc2 --disable-rpath --libdir=\$(kde_libdir) --includedir=\$(kde_includedir) --with-qt-includes=/usr/include/qt --mandir=\$(mandir) --with-kdelibsdoc-dir=/usr/share/doc/libkdecore-doc/html\n"; print STDOUT "configkdepim=--disable-debug --with-extra-includes=/usr/include/libpisock --enable-shared --disable-rpath --libdir=\$(kde_libdir) --includedir=\$(kde_includedir) --prefix=\$(kde_prefix) --libexecdir=\$(kde_bindir) --with-qt-includes=/usr/include/qt --mandir=\$(mandir) --infodir=\$(infodir)\n"; exit } c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/admin/ChangeLog0000644000076400001440000005367407474404675013200 2000-11-30 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: Added kde_moduledir which points to $prefix/lib/kde2/ 2000-07-24 Alex Zepeda * acinclude.m4.in: Remove the test for malloc.h 2000-04-05 Michael Matz * config.pl : added kludge for compiling regexp's even if perl < 5.005 is installed * conf.change.pl : added support for autoconf 2.14.1 2000-03-27 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in, Makefile.common: changed inst-apps semantics If present, only the subdirs it lists will be configured and compiled. If absent, then subdirs is used (and inst-apps isn't generated anymore) 2000-03-22 David Faure * am_edit: Added support for KDE_ICON = AUTO 2000-03-18 David Faure * Makefile.common: Rewrote the list-of-Makefiles generation to make it simpler and nicer, using create_makefiles' way of doing it. Added support for COMPILE_LAST and COMPILE_FIRST in toplevel Makefile.am 2000-01-05 David Faure * Makefile.common: hacked around autoconf bug (setting INSTALL to ".." when calling a subconfigure and INSTALL is already set). 1999-12-15 Waldo Bastian * acinclude.m4.in: Test whether Qt compiles AND LINKS without flags. 1999-06-24 Stephan Kulow * am_edit: generate correct Makefile entries for kde-i18n toplevel directories * am_edit: 1999-06-14 Stephan Kulow * am_edit: remove idl generated files on make clean 1999-06-09 Stephan Kulow * am_edit: skipping programs with variables in sources for final 1999-06-07 Stephan Kulow * am_edit: added support for idl files 1999-06-02 Stephan Kulow * Makefile.common: preserve comments in .pot files to make it possible for programmers and translators to comment them 1999-06-02 Simon Hausmann * acinclude.m4.in: added kde_servicetypesdir 1999-06-02 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: removed LIB_KFM and LIB_KDEUTIL aliases 1999-05-28 Simon Hausmann * acinclude.m4.in: added kde_servicesdir 1999-05-27 Stephan Kulow * am_edit: lots of changes for better support of --enable-final 1999-05-22 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added support for --with-dmalloc 1999-05-19 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added support for --enable-final * am_edit: added support for --enable-final 1999-05-06 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: change the meaning of --disable-debug 1999-05-04 Helge Deller * acinclude.m4.in: the test for the X-includes/directories failed, when compile & link work without special directories (as on HP-UX). 1999-04-20 Stephan Kulow * am_edit: adding DESTDIR replacement for rm and uninstall-local too. Seems very useless, but makes testing for uninstall easier 1999-04-01 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: Added -lkfile to $(LIB_KIO) 1999-03-30 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: Added AC_CHECK_KDEMAXPATHLEN, which defines KDEMAXPATHLEN. 1999-03-29 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: added LIB_X11 to XPMLIB and GLLIB, because on SCO, they need it _after_ themselves. 1999-03-28 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: added LIB_KFM to LIB_KAB alias 1999-03-26 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: made LIB_KFILE use LIB_KIO instead of LIB_KFM added LIB_KFORMULA 1999-03-20 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: check for libXext - for Russel :) 1999-03-16 Stephan Kulow * acinclud3.m4.in: extend the MICO test with a list of possible places where to find CORBA.h 1999-03-15 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: move $QTINC and $QTLIB in search path 1999-03-14 Stephan Kulow * am_edit: install-root is obsolute. Use DESTDIR always 1999-03-03 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: fixing a bug, that $QTDIR was taken before --with-qt* * acinclude.m4.in: added KDE_USE_QT, that you can choose if to use QT 2.0 or KDE 1.0 * Makefile.common: added target package-merge * am_edit: many fixes to the POFILES handeling of am_edit 1999-03-02 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: first look at libjpeg6b (from kdesupport) then for libjpeg * config.*, libtool.*: update to the latest FSF tools 1999-02-23 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: error when Sparc CC is used. Better use it in configure and tell him the story then letting him find it while compiling * acinclude.m4.in: adding KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS to all possible tests, so that --with-extra-includes is used when needed. * acinclude.m4.in: configure looks for giflib30, so it should say so * acinclude.m4.in: don't overwrite x include parameters. Patch by Ari Lemmke (bug report 741) 1999-02-20 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: fixing KDE_CHECK_PATHS for rechecking. In case of defaults (kdelibs) configure didn't cache the results 1999-02-18 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: added AC_CHECK_S_ISSOCK, to fix #706. 1999-02-17 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: added AC_CHECK_RANDOM, just like AC_CHECK_USLEEP, to enable the fake if necessary. 1999-02-13 Kurt Granroth * acinclude.m4.in: look for QT-2.0 1999-02-05 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: in macro KDE_FIND_PATH treat user given dirs and $PATH dirs the same. Added seperate test for to find binary ($5) to replace findperl 1999-01-28 Stephan Kulow * automoc: added patch by jbb to be a little bit more precise about the number of sourcefiles that include the moc file if it's != 1. Besides that automoc will fail with exit code, so the Makefile.cvs process does stop in case a problem accoured. * automoc: don't hardcode header suffix, but allow *.h, *.hh and *.H 1999-01-27 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: try qobjcoll.h and qapplication.h before saying OK to qt headers. (I could kill SuSE for splitting into qt-dev and qt-compat) 1991-01-23 Stephan Kulow * automoc: added fixes by JB 1999-01-21 Stephan Kulow * automoc: added --help and --path (for use in dist-hook) 1999-01-20 Alex Zepeda * ltconfig: added entries for FreeBSD 4.x 1999-01-19 Stephan Kulow * automoc: added a distclean-metasources target which deletes all moc files and let distclean depend on it 1999-01-18 Stephan Kulow * automoc: several fixes (ignore comment lines + join lines with \ ) * automoc: support META_INCLUDES in case the header files are not in the same dir as the sources. 1999-01-17 Stephan Kulow * automoc: several fixes. 1999-01-16 Stephan Kulow * automoc: added support for included MOC files. * acinclude.m4.in: use srcdir for the subdirs stuff as well * automoc: added better command line parsing and some preparation for handling "normal" moc files * acinclude.m4.in: added aliases for libkio and libkdeutil 1999-01-15 Harri Porten * automoc: Carved in stone syntax for Makefile.in: {program}_METASOURCES = USE_AUTOMOC [{suffix}] 1999-01-15 Stephan Kulow * Makefile.common: set top_srcdir to . 1999-01-14 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: don't use config.h.bot any longer 1999-01-08 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added KDE_CHECK_NEWLIBS * acinclude.m4.in: test for Qt even if both --with-qt-headers and --with-qt-libraries are given. They may be wrong. 1999-01-06 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: change the MOC test so it can be used for other tools as well 1998-12-28 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: look for QT-1.42 since kpanel needs it 1998-12-27 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added /usr/lib for libpython test * acinclude.m4.in: take my email address out of it and added a reference to www.kde.org/faq * acinclude.m4.in: use Qt >= 1.4 * acinclude.m4.in: added KDE_CHECK_NAMESPACES 1998-12-18 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: test for directories to exist before saying yes to compilation :) 1998-12-14 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added CPLUSPLUS for the kimgio test. It's only important for shaman right now, but at least there it is :) 1998-12-12 Stephan Kulow * Makefile.cvs: added common Makefile.cvs * acinclude.m4.in: Thomas.Schwarz@pro-sieben.de reported a very ugly bug in AC_PROG_CXXCPP, so I added my own version * acinclude.m4.in: added KDE_CREATE_SUBDIRS_LIST to simplify most toplevel configures 1998-12-11 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added call to AC_PROG_CXXCPP. Not really sure why it never caused problems * acinclude.m4.in: moved LIBTIFF alias * acinclude.m4.in: only test for the existance of libkimgio if the user wants to. For 99% of the applications it doesn't matter if configure can find libkimgio :) 1998-12-10 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: some changes to the python check to handle $LIBDL 1998-12-09 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: make Alex's tiff test a real one * acinclude.m4.in: fix the LIB_TIFF alias to really expand 1998-12-08 Alex Zepeda * acinclude.m4.in: Fix tiff test to use libtiff34 if it exists. This is what the FreeBSD port installs to for whatever reason. * acinclude.m4.in: s/kde/KDE/ (at least in some of the descriptions, obviously no variable names were touched. 1998-12-08 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: moved the LIB_QT alias to the Qt check * acinclude.m4.in: unset KDEDIR before running conftest * acinclude.m4.in: fixed mean typo * acinclude.m4.in: added the copyright header for the gettext tests, so that people know we're legal ;) * acinclude.m4.in: set language to C++ before testing QIMGIO 1998-12-07 Alex Zepeda * acinclude.m4.in: Fix PNG test to use correct ANSI C code, and not trip up gcc. 1998-12-07 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: don't hardcode -ldl * acinclude.m4.in: move the LIB_X11 alias to the X test to make it useful for kdesupport as well * acinclude.m4.in: give the word CHECK_KIMGIO a meaning in really checking for it * acinclude.m4.in: simple fix to prevent kimgio test from compiling KDE application in kdelibs 1998-12-05 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: let KDE_CHECK_KIMGIO depend on AC_PATH_KDE, otherwise most tests fail. It didn't mean anything to 90% of the packages since they test for KDE before kimgio, but for shaman it does * ltconfig: the real fix for the Solaris && gcc problem. Thanks Kurt for reporting it and Alexandre for fixing it :) 1998-12-04 Stephan Kulow * libtool.*: update again * acinclude.m4.in: changed the function to test for libnsl to inet_ntoa since UnixWare 7's version did not have gethostbyname, but needs libnsl 1998-12-02 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: fixed the MOC test (again) to use the PATH variable correctly (with the correct seperator) * config.guess: update from the soon to be released autoconf-2.13 1998-12-01 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: fixes for the MOC test. Use PATH now when found 1998-11-30 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: extended the MOC test. It checks now for the first line of the output of "moc --help" and looks for Qt in it. 1998-11-27 Stephan Kulow * ltconfig: another libtool update. Fixes an ugly bug on Solaris, when GNU ld is in path before Solaris ld, but gcc uses the later 1998-11-26 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: made the Qt test more advance to check for qt 1.41 - I still need to make it better, but there shouldn't be too many qt releases in a row, would there? ;) * ltconfig: libtool update with better BSD/OS support 1998-11-22 Stephan Kulow * ltconfig: cool - libtool uses g++ now to link libraries on Solaris. This means, static objects become usuable on that plattforms (some others as well). 1998-11-20 Stephan Kulow * ltmain.sh: updated libtool from their CVS - fixes bugs we haven't found and adds some more features, that we do not need ;-) 1998-11-19 David Faure * acinclude.m4.in: added AC_CHECK_UTMP_FILE, taken from kdebase 1998-11-16 Harri Porten * automoc: take care of "ar" object files, too. 1998-11-16 Stephan Kulow * libtool.m4.in: revised my --silent patch. The solution Alexandre suggested is much better. 1998-11-15 Stephan Kulow * ltconfig.in: done some tweakings to support -export-dynamic with egcs * config.sub: wow - BeOS support :) 1998-11-14 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: don't use rpath for test program, if rpath is disabled for applications * ltconfig: patched libtool to make it silent without making ltconfig silent * acinclude.m4.in: make libtool silent again * libtool.m4.in: update to libtool-981114 (untested stuff, but we have to test it to make it tested - sounds that logical? :-) * libtool.m4.in: moved the self stricked libtool tests to "our" file. * acinclude.m4.in: moved ChangeLog of kdebase which I used to maintain acinclude.m4.in logs to kde-common/admin. Hopefully I will maintain it more often from now on :) 1998-07-27 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: fixed some things in the MOC test * acinclude.m4.in: fixed this damn msgfmt test 1998-06-02 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: ignore msgfmt, if not GNU gettext 1998-05-28 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: fixed KDE_CHECK_STL. Checks for HP and SGI type * acinclude.m4.in: embraced every variable with "" to make it consistent * acinclude.m4.in: various fixes for the koffice checks (mico, ministl and python) 1998-05-16 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: don't use KDE_CHECK_QT_DIRECT, when --with-qt-libs are given 1998-04-21 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: cool, I found the trick to suppress the ls errors 1998-04-20 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: rewrote the qt checking test, since it didn't work under FreeBSD, since it relied on the .so link. The new version is a little bit buggy, but I need some testing to make it perfect * acinclude.m4.in: fixed the side effects of the PAM test 1998-04-18 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: hopefully fixed the PAM test (I rewrote it) 1998-04-16 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: extended the getsockname test inspired by a patch by Martin Baulig * configure.in: added test for utmp file * acinclude.m4.in: made --without-pam default 1998-04-06 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: don't test compiling, linking, running in one step. This proved to be too dangerous for my mail box. 1998-03-21 Stephan Kulow * libtool.m4.in: created some new macros to work around this ugly (because long) help of configure --enable-shared/static 1998-03-05 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: set language to C++ before trying the ksize_t test * configure.in: sorted the Makefile entries alphabeticly (and all together: we love xemacs! we love xemacs! ;) * configure.in: added sk * acinclude.m4.in: substitute x_libraries to fix the empty -rpath 1998-03-03 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: add a rpath for every shared library, that is linked too (especially X11 libraries) Tue Feb 24 22:04:59 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added kde_sounddir and set kde_minidir to kde_icondir/mini to break not too much Sun Feb 15 18:25:50 1998 Stephan Kulow * configure.in: added bugfix by Bob Miller (correct reset of IFS) Wed Feb 11 00:53:11 1998 Stephan Kulow * configure.in: made shadow under Linux default, since the binaries will work also under non-shadow systems. The only problem left is PAM, so I disabled shadow in case, PAM is present Tue Feb 10 16:46:32 1998 Stephan Kulow * configure.in: added test for nice to find out, if the option -nice works for the screensavers * acinclude.m4.in: port to LynxOS. For this I moved all library search routines in KDE_MISC_TESTS, so I don't need to write this in every package * README: some grammar fixes * acinclude.m4.in: search for the libs in the exec_prefix, when it's present Sun Feb 8 14:07:23 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: updated all packages * libtool.m4.in: applied patch for libtool.m4.in to show the correct default for shared and static Sat Feb 7 10:56:00 1998 Stephan Kulow * configure.in: good news - KDE is relocatable again. * libtool.m4.in: updated to latest libtool 1.0i Fri Feb 6 21:26:51 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: added a AC_PROVIDE for AC_PROG_CC and AC_PROG_CPP to KDE_CHECK_COMPILERS Thu Feb 5 16:27:47 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: put $QTDIR/bin before /usr/bin in the path to look for moc. I don't know why, but I got a report, that configure found /usr/bin/moc under Solaris Fri Jan 30 15:47:50 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: export LIBRARY_PATH after reset to the saved value * acinclude.m4.in: unset the LIBRARY_PATH to get a relieable result when trying to find, if Qt compiles without -L Sat Jan 24 00:45:52 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: fixed another bug in AC_PATH_KDE Thu Jan 22 14:46:15 1998 Stephan Kulow * configure.in: fixed an ugly bug in AC_BASE_PATH_KDE * kappfinder/kappfinder.in: let kappfinder create by configure to allow the use of the kde_ paths Wed Jan 21 22:19:35 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in: - added a install_root prefix to all paths, if set, to enable package managers to move the whole installation at once - added --with-install-root to set the install_root prefix Tue Jan 20 22:41:04 1998 Stephan Kulow * configure.in: added NOOPT_CXXFLAGS to allow kioslave to be compiled without -O2 Mon Jan 19 21:55:21 1998 Stephan Kulow * configure.in: some little fixes for the Makefiles * acinclude.m4.in: --prefix will no longer override the search for libraries. If they are present somewhere, they are used (through the methodes in KApplication) Mon Jan 12 00:30:36 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in fixed an ugly bug, that accoured, when qt_libraries is not set (empty/equals X11/not necessary) * acinclude.m4.in moved the remove of the files after the error detection Sun Jan 11 17:27:53 1998 Stephan Kulow * acinclude.m4.in added a new macro KDE_CHECK_QT_DIRECT to unset the Qt library path, if a Qt program compiles without them * acinclude.m4.in added a return value in the CREATE_KFSSTND macro. Perhaps this has caused the problems Sat Jan 10 17:40:44 1998 Stephan Kulow * ChangeLog started to maintain a ChangeLog file again * acinclude.m4.in the AC_CREATE_KFSSTND to get better debug output to find the problem Old logs, Stephan Kulow made: 0.1 : first steps with libkde 0.2 : first release with libkde, khtmlw, kdehelp, acli, kwm, kpanel 0.3 : added kfm and bugfixes 0.4 : updated khtmlw, kdehelp, kwm, changed install in all subdirs 0.5 : support libtool (chooseable shared libs) 0.6 : split libkde in kdecore and kdeui 0.6.1 : Bugfixes 0.7 : added code from Janos Farkas (configure) : added @{kde,qt}_{includes,libraries}@ 0.7.1: Bugfixes 0.7.2: Bugfixes 0.7.3: added @all_includes@ and @all_libraries@ replaced all incompatible flags like $(CC) and -DHAVE_UNISTD_H 0.7.4: changed support for libkde (back in it's own) added kpat updated kpanel, kwm, kghostview 0.8: removed a bug in kghostview lifted installation process of several apps splitt kdebase into kdelibs and kdeapps updated khtmlw, kfm and kdehelp added kcalc and kpaint updated kdisplay added kscreensaver added --enable-kscreensaver added --enable-debug (and @CXXFLAGS@ to all Makefile.ins) updated kwm to 0.4.7 added make uninstall to every app added kvt added khexdit added .kdelnk for kmines, kedit, ktetris put kwm, kfind's .kdelnk in the right directories replaced --enable-kscreensaver by --disable-kscreensaver updated kpanel to 0.15 some bugfixes (thanks Marco) some bugfixes (thanks Martin) changed acinclude.m4, because aclocal won't updated kwm to 0.4.8 (patched it again for Qt-1.2) updated kvt to 0.13 (patch from Matthias) patched kvt and kwm updated kwm to 0.5.0 updated kvt for 0.14 (again and again :-) updated kview to 0.10 updated kfm to 0.6.3 patched kscreensaver for FreeBSD (thanks Marc) 0.9: updated kdisplay to 0.5.3 added klogout patches from Matthias updated kfm to 0.6.4 updated kghostview to 0.4 added QTINC and QTLIB updated kdehelp to 0.4.11 patched kfm to support ktoolbar updated kedit to kedit+ added kfontmanager 0.2.1 0.9.1: changed kpaint's make style bugfixing updated kmines to 0.6.5 updated ktetris to 0.2.4 changed to Makefiles to depend on Makefile.in changed the Makefiles to let install depend on all added kjots-0.2.2 updated kjots-0.2.3 updated kfm to 0.6.6 updated kjots-0.2.4 updated kpaint-0.2 updated kedit to 0.5 updated kfontmanager to 0.2.2 updated kfm to 0.6.7 updated ktetris to 0.2.5 updated kjots to 0.2.5 0.10: added HAVE_SQRTL added HAVE_CRYPT_H updated kfind updated kfm to kfm-0.8.1 re-introduced automake to kdebase bugfixes for the configure.in added XPM, GL and PAM tests to configure added morph3d to kscreensavers updated kfind to 0.3.2 added some patches for SGI ... lost the time to maintain a Changelog ;) c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/aclocal.m40000644000076400001440000047203507474405113012156 # aclocal.m4 generated automatically by aclocal 1.5 # Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 # Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation # gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, # with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without # even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A # PARTICULAR PURPOSE. dnl This file is part of the KDE libraries/packages dnl Copyright (C) 1997 Janos Farkas (chexum@shadow.banki.hu) dnl (C) 1997,98,99 Stephan Kulow (coolo@kde.org) dnl This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public dnl License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either dnl version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. dnl This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU dnl Library General Public License for more details. dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License dnl along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to dnl the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, dnl Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. dnl IMPORTANT NOTE: dnl Please do not modify this file unless you expect your modifications to be dnl carried into every other module in the repository. If you decide that you dnl really want to modify it, contact coolo@kde.org mentioning that you have dnl and that the modified file should be committed to every module. dnl dnl Single-module modifications are best placed in configure.in for kdelibs dnl and kdebase or configure.in.in if present. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Forward compatibility macros (make autoconf 2.13 look like 2.50), dnl thanks to Raja R Harinath. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl ifdef([_AC_PATH_X_XMKMF],[], [AC_DEFUN([_AC_PATH_X_XMKMF],[AC_PATH_X_XMKMF])]) ifdef([AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS],[], [AC_DEFUN([AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS],[subdirs=$1; _AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS])]) ifdef([AM_PROG_AS],[], [AC_DEFUN([AM_PROG_AS,[])]) # KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT dnl Internal subroutine of AC_PATH_X. dnl Set ac_x_includes and/or ac_x_libraries. AC_DEFUN(KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT, [if test "$ac_x_includes" = NO; then # Guess where to find include files, by looking for this one X11 .h file. test -z "$x_direct_test_include" && x_direct_test_include=X11/Intrinsic.h # First, try using that file with no special directory specified. AC_TRY_CPP([#include <$x_direct_test_include>], [# We can compile using X headers with no special include directory. ac_x_includes=], [# Look for the header file in a standard set of common directories. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in \ /usr/X11/include \ /usr/X11R6/include \ /usr/X11R5/include \ /usr/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/include/X11 \ /usr/include/X11R6 \ /usr/include/X11R5 \ /usr/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/include \ /usr/local/X11R6/include \ /usr/local/X11R5/include \ /usr/local/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/local/include/X11 \ /usr/local/include/X11R6 \ /usr/local/include/X11R5 \ /usr/local/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/include \ /usr/x386/include \ /usr/XFree86/include/X11 \ \ /usr/include \ /usr/local/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /usr/athena/include \ /usr/local/x11r5/include \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/include \ \ /usr/openwin/include \ /usr/openwin/share/include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$x_direct_test_include"; then ac_x_includes=$ac_dir break fi done]) fi # $ac_x_includes = NO if test "$ac_x_libraries" = NO; then # Check for the libraries. test -z "$x_direct_test_library" && x_direct_test_library=Xt test -z "$x_direct_test_function" && x_direct_test_function=XtMalloc # See if we find them without any special options. # Don't add to $LIBS permanently. ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="-l$x_direct_test_library $LIBS" AC_TRY_LINK(, [${x_direct_test_function}()], [LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # We can link X programs with no special library path. ac_x_libraries=], [LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # First see if replacing the include by lib works. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in `echo "$ac_x_includes" | sed s/include/lib/` \ /usr/X11/lib \ /usr/X11R6/lib \ /usr/X11R5/lib \ /usr/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/lib/X11 \ /usr/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/lib \ /usr/local/X11R6/lib \ /usr/local/X11R5/lib \ /usr/local/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/local/lib/X11 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/lib \ /usr/x386/lib \ /usr/XFree86/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/lib \ /usr/local/lib \ /usr/unsupported/lib \ /usr/athena/lib \ /usr/local/x11r5/lib \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/lib \ /lib/usr/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/openwin/lib \ /usr/openwin/share/lib \ ; \ do dnl Don't even attempt the hair of trying to link an X program! for ac_extension in a so sl; do if test -r $ac_dir/lib${x_direct_test_library}.$ac_extension; then ac_x_libraries=$ac_dir break 2 fi done done]) fi # $ac_x_libraries = NO ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find a file (or one of more files in a list of dirs) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_FILE, [ $3=NO for i in $2; do for j in $1; do echo "configure: __oline__: $i/$j" >&AC_FD_CC if test -r "$i/$j"; then echo "taking that" >&AC_FD_CC $3=$i break 2 fi done done ]) dnl KDE_FIND_PATH(programm-name, variable-name, list of directories, dnl if-not-found, test-parameter) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_PATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $1]) if test -n "$$2"; then kde_cv_path="$$2"; else kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_path_$kde_cache, [ kde_cv_path="NONE" dirs="$3" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/$1"; then if test -n "$5" then evalstr="$dir/$1 $5 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi fi done eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" ]) eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" fi if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) $4 else AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_path) $2=$kde_cv_path fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE, [ AC_MSG_ERROR([No Qt meta object compiler (moc) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running moc binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_moc and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable MOC to the right one before running configure. ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_UIC_ERROR_MESSAGE, [ AC_MSG_WARN([No Qt ui compiler (uic) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running uic binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_uic and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable UIC to the right one before running configure. ]) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the meta object compiler and the ui compiler in the PATH, dnl in $QTDIR/bin, and some more usual places dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_MOC_UIC, [ qt_bindirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs $dir/bin $dir/src/moc" done qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs /usr/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/local/qt/bin" if test ! "$ac_qt_bindir" = "NO"; then qt_bindirs="$ac_qt_bindir $qt_bindirs" fi KDE_FIND_PATH(moc, MOC, [$qt_bindirs], [KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE]) if test -z "$UIC_NOT_NEEDED"; then KDE_FIND_PATH(uic, UIC, [$qt_bindirs], [UIC=""]) if test -z "$UIC" ; then KDE_UIC_ERROR_MESSAGE exit 1 fi else UIC="echo uic not available: " fi AC_SUBST(MOC) AC_SUBST(UIC) UIC_TR="i18n" if test $kde_qtver = 3; then UIC_TR="QT_KDE_I18N" fi AC_SUBST(UIC_TR) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS, [ KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS KDE_TEST_RPATH= if test -n "$USE_RPATH"; then if test -n "$kde_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="-R $kde_libraries" fi if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $qt_libraries" fi if test -n "$x_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $x_libraries" fi KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH $KDE_EXTRA_RPATH" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE libraries installed]) ac_link='$LIBTOOL_SHELL --silent --mode=link ${CXX-g++} -o conftest $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $all_libraries conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS -lkdecore $LIBQT $KDE_TEST_RPATH 1>&5' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) fi if eval `KDEDIR= ./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_result=done else kde_result=problems fi KDEDIR= ./conftest 2> /dev/null >&5 # make an echo for config.log kde_have_all_paths=yes KDE_SET_PATHS($kde_result) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PATHS, [ kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_templatesdir=\"$kde_templatesdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_moduledir=\"$kde_moduledir\" \ kde_result=$1" ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS, [ if test "$1" = "default"; then if test -z "$kde_htmldir"; then kde_htmldir='\${prefix}/share/doc/HTML' fi if test -z "$kde_appsdir"; then kde_appsdir='\${prefix}/share/applnk' fi if test -z "$kde_icondir"; then kde_icondir='\${prefix}/share/icons' fi if test -z "$kde_sounddir"; then kde_sounddir='\${prefix}/share/sounds' fi if test -z "$kde_datadir"; then kde_datadir='\${prefix}/share/apps' fi if test -z "$kde_locale"; then kde_locale='\${prefix}/share/locale' fi if test -z "$kde_cgidir"; then kde_cgidir='\${exec_prefix}/cgi-bin' fi if test -z "$kde_confdir"; then kde_confdir='\${prefix}/share/config' fi if test -z "$kde_mimedir"; then kde_mimedir='\${prefix}/share/mimelnk' fi if test -z "$kde_toolbardir"; then kde_toolbardir='\${prefix}/share/toolbar' fi if test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir"; then kde_wallpaperdir='\${prefix}/share/wallpapers' fi if test -z "$kde_templatesdir"; then kde_templatesdir='\${prefix}/share/templates' fi if test -z "$kde_bindir"; then kde_bindir='\${exec_prefix}/bin' fi if test -z "$kde_servicesdir"; then kde_servicesdir='\${prefix}/share/services' fi if test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir"; then kde_servicetypesdir='\${prefix}/share/servicetypes' fi if test -z "$kde_moduledir"; then kde_moduledir='\${exec_prefix}/lib/kde2' fi KDE_SET_PATHS(defaults) else if test $kde_qtver = 1; then AC_MSG_RESULT([compiling]) KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS else AC_MSG_ERROR([path checking not yet supported for KDE 2]) fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS, [ if test -z "$kde_htmldir" || test -z "$kde_appsdir" || test -z "$kde_icondir" || test -z "$kde_sounddir" || test -z "$kde_datadir" || test -z "$kde_locale" || test -z "$kde_cgidir" || test -z "$kde_confdir" || test -z "$kde_mimedir" || test -z "$kde_toolbardir" || test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir" || test -z "$kde_templatesdir" || test -z "$kde_bindir" || test -z "$kde_servicesdir" || test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir" || test -z "$kde_moduledir" || test "$kde_have_all_paths" != "yes"; then kde_have_all_paths=no fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR, [ AC_MSG_ERROR([The important program $1 was not found! Please check whether you installed KDE correctly. ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SUBST_PROGRAMS, [ kde_default_bindirs="/usr/bin /usr/local/bin /opt/local/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /opt/kde/bin /opt/kde2/bin /usr/kde/bin /usr/local/kde/bin" if test -n "$KDEDIRS"; then kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=: for dir in $KDEDIRS; do kde_default_bindirs="$dir/bin $kde_default_bindirs " done IFS=$kde_save_IFS fi kde_default_bindirs="$exec_prefix/bin $prefix/bin $kde_default_bindirs" KDE_FIND_PATH(dcopidl, DCOPIDL, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(dcopidl)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(dcopidl2cpp, DCOPIDL2CPP, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(dcopidl2cpp)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(mcopidl, MCOPIDL, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(mcopidl)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(artsc-config, ARTSCCONFIG, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(artsc-config)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(kde-config, KDECONFIG, [$kde_default_bindirs]) KDE_FIND_PATH(meinproc, MEINPROC, [$kde_default_bindirs]) if test -n "$MEINPROC" && test ! "$MEINPROC" = "compiled"; then kde_sharedirs="/usr/share/kde /usr/local/share /usr/share /opt/kde2/share /opt/kde/share $prefix/share" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_sharedirs="$KDEDIR/share $kde_sharedirs" AC_FIND_FILE(apps/ksgmltools2/customization/kde-chunk.xsl, $kde_sharedirs, KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET) if test "$KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET" = "NO"; then KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET="" else KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET="$KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/kde-chunk.xsl" fi fi DCOP_DEPENDENCIES='$(DCOPIDL)' AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL) AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL2CPP) AC_SUBST(DCOP_DEPENDENCIES) AC_SUBST(MCOPIDL) AC_SUBST(ARTSCCONFIG) AC_SUBST(KDECONFIG) AC_SUBST(MEINPROC) AC_SUBST(KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET) if test -x "$KDECONFIG"; then # it can be "compiled" kde_libs_prefix=`$KDECONFIG --prefix` if test -z "$kde_libs_prefix" || test ! -x "$kde_libs_prefix"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([$KDECONFIG --prefix outputed the non existant prefix '$kde_libs_prefix' for kdelibs. This means it has been moved since you installed it. This won't work. Please recompile kdelibs for the new prefix. ]) fi kde_libs_htmldir=`$KDECONFIG --install html --expandvars` else kde_libs_prefix='$(prefix)' kde_libs_htmldir='$(kde_htmldir)' fi AC_SUBST(kde_libs_prefix) AC_SUBST(kde_libs_htmldir) ])dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CREATE_KFSSTND, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_RPATH]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE paths]) kde_result="" kde_cached_paths=yes AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_all_paths, [ KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS($1) kde_cached_paths=no ]) eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no" && test "$kde_cached_paths" = "yes"; then # wrong values were cached, may be, we can set better ones kde_result= kde_htmldir= kde_appsdir= kde_icondir= kde_sounddir= kde_datadir= kde_locale= kde_cgidir= kde_confdir= kde_mimedir= kde_toolbardir= kde_wallpaperdir= kde_templatesdir= kde_bindir= kde_servicesdir= kde_servicetypesdir= kde_moduledir= kde_have_all_paths= KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS($1) eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS kde_result="$kde_result (cache overridden)" fi if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([configure could not run a little KDE program to test the environment. Since it had compiled and linked before, it must be a strange problem on your system. Look at config.log for details. If you are not able to fix this, look at http://www.kde.org/faq/installation.html or any www.kde.org mirror. (If you're using an egcs version on Linux, you may update binutils!) ]) else rm -f conftest* AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_result) fi bindir=$kde_bindir KDE_SUBST_PROGRAMS ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_SUBST_KFSSTND, [ AC_SUBST(kde_htmldir) AC_SUBST(kde_appsdir) AC_SUBST(kde_icondir) AC_SUBST(kde_sounddir) AC_SUBST(kde_datadir) AC_SUBST(kde_locale) AC_SUBST(kde_confdir) AC_SUBST(kde_mimedir) AC_SUBST(kde_wallpaperdir) AC_SUBST(kde_bindir) dnl for KDE 2 AC_SUBST(kde_templatesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_servicesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_servicetypesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_moduledir) if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_minidir="$kde_icondir/mini" else # for KDE 1 - this breaks KDE2 apps using minidir, but # that's the plan ;-/ kde_minidir="/dev/null" fi dnl AC_SUBST(kde_minidir) dnl AC_SUBST(kde_cgidir) dnl AC_SUBST(kde_toolbardir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MISC_TESTS, [ AC_LANG_C dnl Checks for libraries. AC_CHECK_LIB(util, main, [LIBUTIL="-lutil"]) dnl for *BSD AC_SUBST(LIBUTIL) AC_CHECK_LIB(compat, main, [LIBCOMPAT="-lcompat"]) dnl for *BSD AC_SUBST(LIBCOMPAT) kde_have_crypt= AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt, [LIBCRYPT="-lcrypt"; kde_have_crypt=yes], AC_CHECK_LIB(c, crypt, [kde_have_crypt=yes], [ AC_MSG_WARN([you have no crypt in either libcrypt or libc. You should install libcrypt from another source or configure with PAM support]) kde_have_crypt=no ])) AC_SUBST(LIBCRYPT) if test $kde_have_crypt = yes; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_CRYPT, 1, [Defines if your system has the crypt function]) fi AC_CHECK_SOCKLEN_T AC_LANG_C AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet"]) if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet_stub, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet_stub"]) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(inet_ntoa) if test $ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(nsl, inet_ntoa, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl") fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(connect) if test $ac_cv_func_connect = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, connect, X_EXTRA_LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS", , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(remove) if test $ac_cv_func_remove = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(posix, remove, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lposix") fi # BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 needs -lipc for XOpenDisplay. AC_CHECK_FUNC(shmat, , AC_CHECK_LIB(ipc, shmat, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lipc")) # Solaris 2.6 and others need -lresolv for res_init AC_CHECK_FUNCS(res_init, , [ kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS -lresolv" AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ], [ res_init(); ], LIBRESOLV="-lresolv" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBRESOLV" AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RES_INIT, 1, [Define if you have the res_init function]) ) LIBS=$kde_libs_safe ]) LIBSOCKET="$X_EXTRA_LIBS" AC_SUBST(LIBSOCKET) AC_SUBST(LIBRESOLV) AC_SUBST(X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_CHECK_LIB(ucb, killpg, [LIBUCB="-lucb"]) dnl for Solaris2.4 AC_SUBST(LIBUCB) case $host in dnl this *is* LynxOS specific *-*-lynxos* ) AC_MSG_CHECKING([LynxOS header file wrappers]) [CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -D__NO_INCLUDE_WARN__"] AC_MSG_RESULT(disabled) AC_CHECK_LIB(bsd, gethostbyname, [LIBSOCKET="-lbsd"]) dnl for LynxOS ;; esac KDE_CHECK_TYPES KDE_CHECK_LIBDL ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the header files and libraries for X-Windows. Extended the dnl macro AC_PATH_X dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(K_PATH_X, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CPP])dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS])dnl AC_MSG_CHECKING(for X) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_x, [# One or both of the vars are not set, and there is no cached value. if test "{$x_includes+set}" = set || test "$x_includes" = NONE; then kde_x_includes=NO else kde_x_includes=$x_includes fi if test "{$x_libraries+set}" = set || test "$x_libraries" = NONE; then kde_x_libraries=NO else kde_x_libraries=$x_libraries fi # below we use the standard autoconf calls ac_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries ac_x_includes=$kde_x_includes KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT dnl AC_PATH_X_XMKMF picks /usr/lib as the path for the X libraries. dnl Unfortunately, if compiling with the N32 ABI, this is not the correct dnl location. The correct location is /usr/lib32 or an undefined value dnl (the linker is smart enough to pick the correct default library). dnl Things work just fine if you use just AC_PATH_X_DIRECT. dnl Solaris has a similar problem. AC_PATH_X_XMKMF forces x_includes to dnl /usr/openwin/include, which doesn't work. /usr/include does work, so dnl x_includes should be left alone. case "$host" in mips-sgi-irix6*) ;; *-*-solaris*) ;; *) _AC_PATH_X_XMKMF if test -z "$ac_x_includes"; then ac_x_includes="." fi if test -z "$ac_x_libraries"; then ac_x_libraries="/usr/lib" fi esac #from now on we use our own again # when the user already gave --x-includes, we ignore # what the standard autoconf macros told us. if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then kde_x_includes=$ac_x_includes fi # for --x-libraries too if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then kde_x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries fi if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X includes. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X libraries. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi # Record where we found X for the cache. kde_cv_have_x="have_x=yes \ kde_x_includes=$kde_x_includes kde_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries" ])dnl eval "$kde_cv_have_x" if test "$have_x" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT($have_x) no_x=yes else AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $kde_x_libraries, headers $kde_x_includes]) fi if test -z "$kde_x_includes" || test "x$kde_x_includes" = xNONE; then X_INCLUDES="" x_includes="."; dnl better than nothing :- else x_includes=$kde_x_includes X_INCLUDES="-I$x_includes" fi if test -z "$kde_x_libraries" || test "x$kde_x_libraries" = xNONE; then X_LDFLAGS="" x_libraries="/usr/lib"; dnl better than nothing :- else x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries X_LDFLAGS="-L$x_libraries" fi all_includes="$X_INCLUDES" all_libraries="$X_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(X_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(x_libraries) AC_SUBST(x_includes) # Check for libraries that X11R6 Xt/Xaw programs need. ac_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS" # SM needs ICE to (dynamically) link under SunOS 4.x (so we have to # check for ICE first), but we must link in the order -lSM -lICE or # we get undefined symbols. So assume we have SM if we have ICE. # These have to be linked with before -lX11, unlike the other # libraries we check for below, so use a different variable. # --interran@uluru.Stanford.EDU, kb@cs.umb.edu. AC_CHECK_LIB(ICE, IceConnectionNumber, [LIBSM="-lSM -lICE"], , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_SUBST(LIBSM) LDFLAGS="$ac_save_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_PRE_LIBS) LIB_X11='-lX11 $(LIBSOCKET)' AC_SUBST(LIB_X11) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for libXext) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_libXext, [ kde_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="-lXext -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #ifdef STDC_HEADERS # include #endif ], [ printf("hello Xext\n"); ], kde_cv_have_libXext=yes, kde_cv_have_libXext=no ) LDFLAGS=$kde_ldflags_safe LIBS=$kde_libs_safe ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_have_libXext) if test "$kde_cv_have_libXext" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([We need a working libXext to proceed. Since configure can't find it itself, we stop here assuming that make wouldn't find them either.]) fi AC_MSG_CHECKING(for Xinerama) AC_ARG_WITH(xinerama, [ --with-xinerama enable support for Xinerama ], [ no_xinerama=no ], [ no_xinerama=yes ] ) kde_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -I$x_includes" LIBS="-lXinerama -lXext" if test "x$no_xinerama" = "xno"; then AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_xinerama, [ AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [XineramaIsActive(NULL);], [ac_cv_have_xinerama="yes"], [ac_cv_have_xinerama="no"]) ]) else ac_cv_have_xinerama=no; fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_xinerama) LIBXINERAMA="" if test "$ac_cv_have_xinerama" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XINERAMA, 1, [Define if you want Xinerama support]) LIBXINERAMA="-lXinerama" fi AC_SUBST(LIBXINERAMA) LDFLAGS="$kde_save_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include EOF if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < #include #include EOF if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < EOF fi fi echo "#if ! ($kde_qt_verstring)" >> conftest.$ac_ext cat >> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LD_LIBRARY_PATH_safe" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LIBRARY_PATH" export LIBRARY_PATH AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "$kde_cv_qt_direct" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Try to find the Qt headers and libraries. dnl $(QT_LDFLAGS) will be -Lqtliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(QT_INCLUDES) will be -Iqthdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_1_3, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Add configure flag to enable linking to MT version of Qt library. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ AC_ARG_ENABLE( mt, [ --enable-mt link to threaded Qt (experimental)], kde_use_qt_mt=$enableval, kde_use_qt_mt=no ) USING_QT_MT="" dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we got --enable-qt-mt then adjust some vars for the host. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DQT_THREAD_SUPPORT -pthread" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -pthread" else AC_MSG_WARN([Compiler is not gcc. MT support disabled.]) fi ;; *) AC_MSG_WARN([MT not yet supported on $host - disabled.]) ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=yes dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we haven't been told how to link to Qt, we work it out for ourselves. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test -z "$LIBQT_GLOB"; then LIBQT_GLOB="libqt.*" fi if test -z "$LIBQT"; then LIBQT="-lqt" kde_int_qt="-lqt" dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we got --enable-qt-mt then adjust the Qt library name for the host. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then LIBQT="-lqt-mt" kde_int_qt="-lqt-mt" LIBQT_GLOB="libqt-mt.*" USING_QT_MT="using -mt" fi ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=no else kde_int_qt="$LIBQT" fi if test $kde_qtver != 1; then AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_PNG]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $LIBPNG $LIBJPEG" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Qt]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $X_PRE_LIBS -lXext -lX11 $LIBSM $LIBSOCKET" ac_qt_includes=NO ac_qt_libraries=NO ac_qt_bindir=NO qt_libraries="" qt_includes="" AC_ARG_WITH(qt-dir, [ --with-qt-dir=DIR where the root of Qt is installed ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval"/include ac_qt_libraries="$withval"/lib ac_qt_bindir="$withval"/bin ]) AC_ARG_WITH(qt-includes, [ --with-qt-includes=DIR where the Qt includes are. ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval" ]) kde_qt_libs_given=no AC_ARG_WITH(qt-libraries, [ --with-qt-libraries=DIR where the Qt library is installed.], [ ac_qt_libraries="$withval" kde_qt_libs_given=yes ]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_qt, [#try to guess Qt locations qt_incdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_incdirs="$qt_incdirs $dir/include $dir" done qt_incdirs="$QTINC $qt_incdirs /usr/local/qt/include /usr/include/qt /usr/include /usr/X11R6/include/X11/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt2 $x_includes" if test ! "$ac_qt_includes" = "NO"; then qt_incdirs="$ac_qt_includes $qt_incdirs" fi if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then kde_qt_header=qstyle.h else kde_qt_header=qglobal.h fi AC_FIND_FILE($kde_qt_header, $qt_incdirs, qt_incdir) ac_qt_includes="$qt_incdir" qt_libdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_libdirs="$qt_libdirs $dir/lib $dir" done qt_libdirs="$QTLIB $qt_libdirs /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/lib /usr/local/qt/lib $x_libraries" if test ! "$ac_qt_libraries" = "NO"; then qt_libdir=$ac_qt_libraries else qt_libdirs="$ac_qt_libraries $qt_libdirs" # if the Qt was given, the chance is too big that libqt.* doesn't exist qt_libdir=NONE for dir in $qt_libdirs; do try="ls -1 $dir/${LIBQT_GLOB}" if test -n "`$try 2> /dev/null`"; then qt_libdir=$dir; break; else echo "tried $dir" >&AC_FD_CC ; fi done fi ac_qt_libraries="$qt_libdir" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ac_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$qt_libdir $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBQT" KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then rm -f conftest* else echo "configure: failed program was:" >&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC ac_qt_libraries="NO" fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" AC_LANG_RESTORE if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO || test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=no" ac_qt_notfound="" if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO; then if test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_qt_notfound="(headers and libraries)"; else ac_qt_notfound="(headers)"; fi else ac_qt_notfound="(libraries)"; fi AC_MSG_ERROR([Qt ($kde_qt_minversion) $ac_qt_notfound not found. Please check your installation! For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) else have_qt="yes" fi ]) eval "$ac_cv_have_qt" if test "$have_qt" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$have_qt]); else ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=yes \ ac_qt_includes=$ac_qt_includes ac_qt_libraries=$ac_qt_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_qt_libraries, headers $ac_qt_includes $USING_QT_MT]) qt_libraries="$ac_qt_libraries" qt_includes="$ac_qt_includes" fi if test ! "$kde_qt_libs_given" = "yes"; then KDE_CHECK_QT_DIRECT(qt_libraries= ,[]) fi AC_SUBST(qt_libraries) AC_SUBST(qt_includes) if test "$qt_includes" = "$x_includes" || test -z "$qt_includes"; then QT_INCLUDES=""; else QT_INCLUDES="-I$qt_includes" all_includes="$QT_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi if test "$qt_libraries" = "$x_libraries" || test -z "$qt_libraries"; then QT_LDFLAGS="" else QT_LDFLAGS="-L$qt_libraries" all_libraries="$all_libraries $QT_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(QT_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(QT_LDFLAGS) AC_PATH_QT_MOC_UIC LIB_QT="$kde_int_qt "'$(LIBPNG) $(LIBJPEG) -lXext $(LIB_X11) $(LIBSM)' AC_SUBST(LIB_QT) AC_SUBST(kde_qtver) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT, [ AC_PATH_QT_1_3 ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_FINAL, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(final, [ --enable-final build size optimized apps (experimental - needs lots of memory)], kde_use_final=$enableval, kde_use_final=no) KDE_COMPILER_REPO if test "x$kde_use_final" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="#" else KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE) AC_ARG_ENABLE(closure, [ --disable-closure don't delay template instantiation], kde_use_closure=$enableval, kde_use_closure=yes) if test "x$kde_use_closure" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="#" # CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $REPO" else KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Now, the same with KDE dnl $(KDE_LDFLAGS) will be the kdeliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(kde_includes) will be the kdehdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_BASE_PATH_KDE, [ AC_PREREQ([2.13]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_PATH_QT])dnl AC_CHECK_RPATH AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE]) if test "${prefix}" != NONE; then kde_includes=${prefix}/include ac_kde_includes=$prefix/include if test "${exec_prefix}" != NONE; then kde_libraries=${exec_prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$exec_prefix/lib else kde_libraries=${prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$prefix/lib fi else ac_kde_includes= ac_kde_libraries= kde_libraries="" kde_includes="" fi AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_kde, [#try to guess kde locations if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_check_header="ksock.h" kde_check_lib="libkdecore.la" else kde_check_header="ksharedptr.h" kde_check_lib="libkio.la" fi if test -z "$1"; then kde_incdirs="/usr/lib/kde/include /usr/local/kde/include /usr/local/include /usr/kde/include /usr/include/kde /usr/include /opt/kde2/include /opt/kde/include $x_includes $qt_includes" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_incdirs="$KDEDIR/include $KDEDIR/include/kde $KDEDIR $kde_incdirs" kde_incdirs="$ac_kde_includes $kde_incdirs" AC_FIND_FILE($kde_check_header, $kde_incdirs, kde_incdir) ac_kde_includes="$kde_incdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_includes" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_includes/$kde_check_header"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE headers installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi kde_libdirs="/usr/lib/kde/lib /usr/local/kde/lib /usr/kde/lib /usr/lib/kde /usr/lib /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib /opt/kde2/lib /opt/kde/lib /usr/X11R6/kde/lib" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_libdirs="$KDEDIR/lib $KDEDIR $kde_libdirs" kde_libdirs="$ac_kde_libraries $kde_libdirs" AC_FIND_FILE($kde_check_lib, $kde_libdirs, kde_libdir) ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_libraries" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_libraries/$kde_check_lib"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE libraries installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test "$ac_kde_includes" = NO || test "$ac_kde_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" fi else dnl test -z $1 ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" fi ])dnl eval "$ac_cv_have_kde" if test "$have_kde" != "yes"; then if test "${prefix}" = NONE; then ac_kde_prefix="$ac_default_prefix" else ac_kde_prefix="$prefix" fi if test "$exec_prefix" = NONE; then ac_kde_exec_prefix="$ac_kde_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix]) else ac_kde_exec_prefix="$exec_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix and $ac_kde_exec_prefix]) fi kde_libraries="${ac_kde_exec_prefix}/lib" kde_includes=${ac_kde_prefix}/include else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_kde_libraries, headers $ac_kde_includes]) kde_libraries="$ac_kde_libraries" kde_includes="$ac_kde_includes" fi AC_SUBST(kde_libraries) AC_SUBST(kde_includes) if test "$kde_includes" = "$x_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "$qt_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "/usr/include"; then KDE_INCLUDES="" else KDE_INCLUDES="-I$kde_includes" all_includes="$KDE_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi KDE_LDFLAGS="-L$kde_libraries" if test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$x_libraries" && test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$qt_libraries" ; then all_libraries="$all_libraries $KDE_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(KDE_INCLUDES) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) all_libraries="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" all_includes="$all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_SUBST(all_includes) AC_SUBST(all_libraries) AC_SUBST(AUTODIRS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra includes) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-includes, [ --with-extra-includes=DIR adds non standard include paths], kde_use_extra_includes="$withval", kde_use_extra_includes=NONE ) kde_extra_includes= if test -n "$kde_use_extra_includes" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_includes" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_includes; do kde_extra_includes="$kde_extra_includes $dir" USER_INCLUDES="$USER_INCLUDES -I$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_includes="added" else kde_use_extra_includes="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_INCLUDES) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_includes) kde_extra_libs= AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra libs) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-libs, [ --with-extra-libs=DIR adds non standard library paths], kde_use_extra_libs=$withval, kde_use_extra_libs=NONE ) if test -n "$kde_use_extra_libs" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_libs" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_libs; do kde_extra_libs="$kde_extra_libs $dir" KDE_EXTRA_RPATH="$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH -R $dir" USER_LDFLAGS="$USER_LDFLAGS -L$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_libs="added" else kde_use_extra_libs="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_LDFLAGS) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_libs) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE headers installed]) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include "confdefs.h" #include int main() { printf("kde_htmldir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_htmldir().data()); printf("kde_appsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_appsdir().data()); printf("kde_icondir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_icondir().data()); printf("kde_sounddir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_sounddir().data()); printf("kde_datadir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_datadir().data()); printf("kde_locale=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_localedir().data()); printf("kde_cgidir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_cgidir().data()); printf("kde_confdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_configdir().data()); printf("kde_mimedir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_mimedir().data()); printf("kde_toolbardir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_toolbardir().data()); printf("kde_wallpaperdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_wallpaperdir().data()); printf("kde_bindir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_bindir().data()); printf("kde_partsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_partsdir().data()); printf("kde_servicesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_servicetypesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_moduledir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); return 0; } EOF ac_compile='${CXX-g++} -c $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! Check, if you installed the KDE header files correctly. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) fi AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_KDEQTADDON, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for kde-qt-addon) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon, [ kde_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" kde_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" LIBS="-lkde-qt-addon $LIBQT $LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$prefix/include -I$prefix/include/kde $all_includes" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include ], [ QDomDocument doc; ], kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon=yes, kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon=no ) LDFLAGS=$kde_ldflags_safe LIBS=$kde_libs_safe kde_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon) if test "$kde_cv_have_kdeqtaddon" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find libkde-qt-addon. You need to install it first. It is a separate package (and CVS module) named kde-qt-addon.]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_KIMGIO, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_BASE_PATH_KDE]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_TIFF]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_PNG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES]) if test "$1" = "existance"; then AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries $LIBJPEG $LIBTIFF $LIBPNG $LIBQT -lm" AC_CHECK_LIB(kimgio, kimgioRegister, [ LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS=yes],LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS=no) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" AC_LANG_RESTORE else LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS=yes fi if test "$LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS" = "yes"; then LIB_KIMGIO='-lkimgio' else LIB_KIMGIO='' fi AC_SUBST(LIB_KIMGIO) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) if test $kde_qtver != 1; then LIB_KDECORE='-lkdecore' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDECORE) LIB_KDEUI='-lkdeui' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDEUI) LIB_KFORMULA='-lkformula' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFORMULA) LIB_KIO='-lkio' AC_SUBST(LIB_KIO) LIB_KSYCOCA='-lksycoca' AC_SUBST(LIB_KSYCOCA) LIB_SMB='-lsmb' AC_SUBST(LIB_SMB) LIB_KFILE='-lkfile' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFILE) LIB_KAB='-lkab' AC_SUBST(LIB_KAB) LIB_KHTML='-lkhtml' AC_SUBST(LIB_KHTML) LIB_KSPELL='-lkspell' AC_SUBST(LIB_KSPELL) LIB_KPARTS='-lkparts' AC_SUBST(LIB_KPARTS) LIB_KWRITE='-lkwrite' AC_SUBST(LIB_KWRITE) else LIB_KDECORE='-lkdecore -lXext $(LIB_QT)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDECORE) LIB_KDEUI='-lkdeui $(LIB_KDECORE)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDEUI) LIB_KFM='-lkfm $(LIB_KDECORE)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFM) LIB_KFILE='-lkfile $(LIB_KFM) $(LIB_KDEUI)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFILE) LIB_KAB='-lkab $(LIB_KIMGIO) $(LIB_KDECORE)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KAB) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_KDE, [ AC_BASE_PATH_KDE AC_ARG_ENABLE(path-check, [ --disable-path-check don't try to find out, where to install], [ if test "$enableval" = "no"; then ac_use_path_checking="default" else ac_use_path_checking="" fi ], [ if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then ac_use_path_checking="" else ac_use_path_checking="default" fi ] ) AC_CREATE_KFSSTND($ac_use_path_checking) AC_SUBST_KFSSTND KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES ]) dnl obsolete AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_SETENV, [ AC_OBSOLETE([$0], [; instead use AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setenv unsetenv])])dnl AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setenv unsetenv]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETDOMAINNAME, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for getdomainname) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_getdomainname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" kde_safe_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; getdomainname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_getdomainname=yes, ac_cv_func_getdomainname=no) CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" LIBS=$kde_safe_LIBS AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_getdomainname) AC_MSG_CHECKING([if getdomainname needs custom prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_proto_getdomainname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_getdomainname`\" = yes"; then ac_cv_proto_getdomainname=no else kde_safe_libs=$LIBS LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include extern "C" int getdomainname (char *, int); ], [ char buffer[200]; getdomainname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_getdomainname=yes ac_cv_proto_getdomainname=yes, AC_MSG_RESULT([fatal error]) AC_MSG_ERROR([getdomainname unavailable])) fi LIBS=$kde_safe_libs AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_proto_getdomainname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_getdomainname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETDOMAINNAME, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname]) fi if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_proto_getdomainname`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETDOMAINNAME_PROTO, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname prototype]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETHOSTNAME, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for gethostname]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_gethostname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; gethostname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_gethostname=yes, ac_cv_func_gethostname=no) CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_gethostname) AC_MSG_CHECKING([if gethostname needs custom prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_proto_gethostname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_gethostname`\" = yes"; then ac_cv_proto_gethostname=no else AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include extern "C" int gethostname (char *, int); ], [ char buffer[200]; gethostname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_gethostname=yes ac_cv_proto_gethostname=yes, AC_MSG_RESULT([fatal error]) AC_MSG_ERROR(gethostname unavailable)) fi AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_proto_gethostname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_proto_gethostname`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETHOSTNAME_PROTO, 1, [Define if you have gethostname prototype]) fi if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_gethostname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETHOSTNAME, 1, [Define if you have gethostname]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_USLEEP, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for usleep]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_usleep, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBUCB" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include ], [ usleep(200); ], ac_cv_func_usleep=yes, ac_cv_func_usleep=no) LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_usleep) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_usleep`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_USLEEP, 1, [Define if you have the usleep function]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_RANDOM, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for random]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_random, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBUCB" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include ], [ random(); ], ac_cv_func_random=yes, ac_cv_func_random=no) LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_random) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_random`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RANDOM, 1, [Define if you have random]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_GIF, [AC_MSG_CHECKING([for giflib]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_gif, [ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries -lgif -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif int GifLastError(void); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ ], [return GifLastError();], eval "ac_cv_lib_gif=yes", eval "ac_cv_lib_gif=no") LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" ])dnl if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_gif`\" = yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBGIF, 1, [Define if you have libgif]) else AC_MSG_ERROR(You need giflib30. Please install the kdesupport package) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libjpeg$2]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -ljpeg$2 -lm" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK( [/* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ struct jpeg_decompress_struct; typedef struct jpeg_decompress_struct * j_decompress_ptr; typedef int size_t; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void jpeg_CreateDecompress(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int version, size_t structsize); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ ], [jpeg_CreateDecompress(0L, 0, 0);], eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=-ljpeg$2", eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=no") LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" ]) if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1`\" = no"; then LIBJPEG="$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $3 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_JPEG, [ dnl first look for libraries KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(6b, 6b, KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(normal, [], [ LIBJPEG= ] ) ) dnl then search the headers (can't use simply AC_TRY_xxx, as jpeglib.h dnl requires system dependent includes loaded before it) jpeg_incdirs="/usr/include /usr/local/include $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(jpeglib.h, $jpeg_incdirs, jpeg_incdir) test "x$jpeg_incdir" = xNO && jpeg_incdir= dnl if headers _and_ libraries are missing, this is no error, and we dnl continue with a warning (the user will get no jpeg support in khtml) dnl if only one is missing, it means a configuration error, but we still dnl only warn if test -n "$jpeg_incdir" && test -n "$LIBJPEG" ; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBJPEG, 1, [Define if you have libjpeg]) else if test -n "$jpeg_incdir" || test -n "$LIBJPEG" ; then AC_MSG_WARN([ There is an installation error in jpeg support. You seem to have only one of either the headers _or_ the libraries installed. You may need to either provide correct --with-extra-... options, or the development package of libjpeg6b. You can get a source package of libjpeg from http://www.ijg.org/ Disabling JPEG support. ]) else AC_MSG_WARN([libjpeg not found. disable JPEG support.]) fi jpeg_incdir= LIBJPEG= fi AC_SUBST(LIBJPEG) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_ZLIB, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libz]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_z, [ AC_LANG_C kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lz $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (zlibVersion() == ZLIB_VERSION); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_z='-lz'", eval "ac_cv_lib_z=no") LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if test ! "$ac_cv_lib_z" = no; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBZ, 1, [Define if you have libz]) LIBZ="$ac_cv_lib_z" AC_SUBST(LIBZ) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_z) else AC_MSG_ERROR(not found. Check your installation and look into config.log) LIBZ="" AC_SUBST(LIBZ) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libtiff $1]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libtiff_$1, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ -lX11 $LIBSOCKET -lm" kde_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (TIFFOpen( "", "r") == 0); ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1="-l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ" ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1=no ]) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBTIFF="" $3 else LIBTIFF="$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBTIFF, 1, [Define if you have libtiff]) $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_TIFF, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff, [], KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff34)) AC_SUBST(LIBTIFF) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_PNG, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libpng]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_png, [ kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lpng $LIBZ -lm -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [ png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct( /* image ptr */ PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0 ); return( png_ptr != 0 ); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_png='-lpng $LIBZ -lm'", eval "ac_cv_lib_png=no" ) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_png`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBPNG, 1, [Define if you have libpng]) LIBPNG="$ac_cv_lib_png" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_png) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBPNG="" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_BOOL, [ AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_BOOL, 1, [You _must_ have bool]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GNU_EXTENSIONS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(if you need GNU extensions) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_gnu_extensions, [ cat > conftest.c << EOF #include #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__ yes #endif EOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.c") 2>&5 | egrep "yes" >/dev/null 2>&1; then rm -rf conftest* ac_cv_gnu_extensions=yes else ac_cv_gnu_extensions=no fi ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_gnu_extensions) if test "$ac_cv_gnu_extensions" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(_GNU_SOURCE, 1, [Define if you need to use the GNU extensions]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG, [ dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) <- breaks with autoconf 2.50 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports -$1) kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%.=/+-%___p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache, [ echo 'int main() { return 0; }' >conftest.cc eval "kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache=no" if test -z "`$CXX -$1 -c conftest.cc 2>&1`"; then if test -z "`$CXX -$1 -o conftest conftest.o 2>&1`"; then eval "kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache=yes" fi fi rm -f conftest* ]) if eval "test \"`echo '$kde_cv_prog_cxx_'$kde_cache`\" = yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) : $2 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) : $3 fi ]) dnl AC_REMOVE_FORBIDDEN removes forbidden arguments from variables dnl use: AC_REMOVE_FORBIDDEN(CC, [-forbid -bad-option whatever]) dnl it's all white-space separated AC_DEFUN(AC_REMOVE_FORBIDDEN, [ __val=$$1 __forbid=" $2 " if test -n "$__val"; then __new="" ac_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=" " for i in $__val; do case "$__forbid" in *" $i "*) AC_MSG_WARN([found forbidden $i in $1, removing it]) ;; *) # Careful to not add spaces, where there were none, because otherwise # libtool gets confused, if we change e.g. CXX if test -z "$__new" ; then __new=$i ; else __new="$__new $i" ; fi ;; esac done IFS=$ac_save_IFS $1=$__new fi ]) dnl AC_VALIDIFY_CXXFLAGS checks for forbidden flags the user may have given AC_DEFUN(AC_VALIDIFY_CXXFLAGS, [dnl AC_REMOVE_FORBIDDEN(CXX, [-fno-rtti -rpath]) AC_REMOVE_FORBIDDEN(CXXFLAGS, [-fno-rtti -rpath]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_COMPILERS, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug,[ --enable-debug enables debug symbols [default=no]], [ if test $enableval = "no"; dnl then kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=yes else kde_use_debug_code="yes" kde_use_debug_define=no fi ], [kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=no ]) dnl Just for configure --help AC_ARG_ENABLE(dummyoption,[ --disable-debug disables debug output and debug symbols [default=no]],[],[]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(strict,[ --enable-strict compiles with strict compiler options (may not work!)], [ if test $enableval = "no"; then kde_use_strict_options="no" else kde_use_strict_options="yes" fi ], [kde_use_strict_options="no"]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(profile,[ --enable-profile creates profiling infos [default=no]], [kde_use_profiling=$enableval], [kde_use_profiling="no"] ) dnl this prevents stupid AC_PROG_CC to add "-g" to the default CFLAGS CFLAGS=" $CFLAGS" AC_PROG_CC if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="-g -O2 $CFLAGS" case $host in *-*-linux-gnu) CFLAGS="-ansi -W -Wall -pedantic -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_BSD_SOURCE $CFLAGS" ;; esac else CFLAGS="-O2 $CFLAGS" fi fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CFLAGS" fi case "$host" in *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE $CFLAGS";; *-*-sysv5uw7*) CFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE7 $CFLAGS";; esac if test -z "$LDFLAGS" && test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "no" && test "$GCC" = "yes"; then LDFLAGS="" fi CXXFLAGS=" $CXXFLAGS" AC_PROG_CXX if test "$GXX" = "yes"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-g -O2 -Wall -pedantic -W -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings $CXXFLAGS" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(Wno-long-long,[CXXFLAGS="-Wno-long-long $CXXFLAGS"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(Wnon-virtual-dtor,[CXXFLAGS="-Wnon-virtual-dtor $CXXFLAGS"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-builtin,[CXXFLAGS="-fno-builtin $CXXFLAGS"]) case $host in dnl *-*-linux-gnu) CXXFLAGS="-ansi -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_BSD_SOURCE -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align -Wundef -Wconversion $CXXFLAGS" ;; esac if test "$kde_use_strict_options" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-Wcast-qual -Wbad-function-cast -Wshadow -Wcast-align $CXXFLAGS" fi if test "$kde_very_strict" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-Wold-style-cast -Wredundant-decls -Wconversion $CXXFLAGS" fi else CXXFLAGS="-O2 $CXXFLAGS" fi fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CXXFLAGS" fi if test "$kde_use_profiling" = "yes"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(pg, [ CFLAGS="-pg $CFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="-pg $CXXFLAGS" ]) fi KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-exceptions,[CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-exceptions"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-check-new, [CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-check-new"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fexceptions, [USE_EXCEPTIONS="-fexceptions"], USE_EXCEPTIONS= ) AC_SUBST(USE_EXCEPTIONS) dnl obsolete macro - provided to keep things going USE_RTTI= AC_SUBST(USE_RTTI) case "$host" in *-*-irix*) test "$GXX" = yes && CXXFLAGS="-D_LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS -D__LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS $CXXFLAGS" ;; *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CXXFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE $CXXFLAGS";; *-*-sysv5uw7*) CXXFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE7 $CXXFLAGS";; *-*-solaris*) if test "$GXX" = yes; then libstdcpp=`$CXX -print-file-name=libstdc++.so` if test ! -f $libstdcpp; then AC_MSG_ERROR([You've compiled gcc without --enable-shared. This doesn't work with KDE. Please recompile gcc with --enable-shared to receive a libstdc++.so]) fi fi ;; esac AC_VALIDIFY_CXXFLAGS AC_PROG_CXXCPP # the following is to allow programs, that are known to # have problems when compiled with -O2 if test -n "$CXXFLAGS"; then kde_safe_IFS=$IFS IFS=" " NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="" for i in $CXXFLAGS; do case $i in -O*) ;; *) NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="$NOOPT_CXXFLAGS $i" ;; esac done IFS=$kde_safe_IFS fi AC_SUBST(NOOPT_CXXFLAGS) KDE_CHECK_FINAL ifdef([AM_DEPENDENCIES], AC_REQUIRE([KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES]), []) KDE_CXXFLAGS= AC_SUBST(KDE_CXXFLAGS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES, [ [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CC) [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CXX) ]) dnl just a wrapper to clean up configure.in AC_DEFUN(KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_SHARED]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_STATIC]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_LIBTOOL_DLOPEN]) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_OBJEXT AC_EXEEXT AC_LANG_RESTORE AM_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_LIBTOOL_CXX LIBTOOL_SHELL="/bin/sh ./libtool" # LIBTOOL="$LIBTOOL --silent" KDE_PLUGIN="-avoid-version -module -no-undefined \$(KDE_RPATH)" AC_SUBST(KDE_PLUGIN) AC_ARG_ENABLE(objprelink, [ --enable-objprelink prelink apps using objprelink (experimental [only tested on linux/386])], kde_use_objprelink=$enableval, kde_use_objprelink=no) if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then KDE_FIND_PATH(objprelink, OBJPRELINK, [], [kde_use_objprelink=no]) if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then AC_MSG_CHECKING([Patching libtool to run objprelink.]) mv libtool libtool.orig cat > libtool <<\EOF #! /bin/sh for n ; do case $n in *.o) test -r $n && echo objprelink $n && objprelink $n ;; *.lo) m=`basename $n .lo`".o" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m m=".libs/$m" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m ;; esac; done EOF cat >> libtool libtool.orig rm libtool.orig chmod a+x libtool AC_MSG_RESULT(done) fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_TYPES, [ AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char *, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char, 1)dnl ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_DO_IT_ALL, [ AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM AC_ARG_PROGRAM AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE($1, $2) AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) AC_CHECK_COMPILERS KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AM_KDE_WITH_NLS AC_PATH_KDE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_RPATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for rpath) AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath, [ --disable-rpath do not use the rpath feature of ld], USE_RPATH=$enableval, USE_RPATH=yes) if test -z "$KDE_RPATH" && test "$USE_RPATH" = "yes"; then KDE_RPATH="-R \$(kde_libraries)" if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(qt_libraries)" fi dnl $x_libraries is set to /usr/lib in case if test -n "$X_LDFLAGS"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(x_libraries)" fi if test -n "$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH \$(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH)" fi fi AC_SUBST(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH) AC_SUBST(KDE_RPATH) AC_MSG_RESULT($USE_RPATH) ]) dnl Check for the type of the third argument of getsockname AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_SOCKLEN_T, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for socklen_t) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_socklen_t, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ socklen_t a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_socklen_t=socklen_t, AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ int a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_socklen_t=int, ac_cv_socklen_t=size_t ) ) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_socklen_t) if test "$ac_cv_socklen_t" != "socklen_t"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(socklen_t, $ac_cv_socklen_t, [Define the real type of socklen_t]) fi AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(ksize_t, socklen_t, [Compatibility define]) ]) dnl This is a merge of some macros out of the gettext aclocal.m4 dnl since we don't need anything, I took the things we need dnl the copyright for them is: dnl > dnl Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. dnl This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. dnl This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without dnl even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A dnl PARTICULAR PURPOSE. dnl > dnl for this file it is relicensed under LGPL AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_WITH_NLS, [ dnl If we use NLS figure out what method AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(MSGFMT, msgfmt, [test -n "`$ac_dir/$ac_word --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"], msgfmt) AC_PATH_PROG(GMSGFMT, gmsgfmt, $MSGFMT) if test -z "`$GMSGFMT --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([found msgfmt program is not GNU msgfmt; ignore it]) GMSGFMT=":" fi MSGFMT=$GMSGFMT AC_SUBST(GMSGFMT) AC_SUBST(MSGFMT) AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(XGETTEXT, xgettext, [test -z "`$ac_dir/$ac_word -h 2>&1 | grep '(HELP)'`"], :) dnl Test whether we really found GNU xgettext. if test "$XGETTEXT" != ":"; then dnl If it is no GNU xgettext we define it as : so that the dnl Makefiles still can work. if $XGETTEXT --omit-header /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then : ; else AC_MSG_RESULT( [found xgettext programs is not GNU xgettext; ignore it]) XGETTEXT=":" fi fi AC_SUBST(XGETTEXT) ]) # Search path for a program which passes the given test. # Ulrich Drepper , 1996. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I appended a _KDE against name conflicts dnl AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(VARIABLE, PROG-TO-CHECK-FOR, dnl TEST-PERFORMED-ON-FOUND_PROGRAM [, VALUE-IF-NOT-FOUND [, PATH]]) AC_DEFUN(AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE, [# Extract the first word of "$2", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $2; ac_word=[$]2 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $ac_word]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_$1, [case "[$]$1" in /*) ac_cv_path_$1="[$]$1" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) IFS="${IFS= }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for ac_dir in ifelse([$5], , $PATH, [$5]); do test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then if [$3]; then ac_cv_path_$1="$ac_dir/$ac_word" break fi fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" dnl If no 4th arg is given, leave the cache variable unset, dnl so AC_PATH_PROGS will keep looking. ifelse([$4], , , [ test -z "[$]ac_cv_path_$1" && ac_cv_path_$1="$4" ])dnl ;; esac])dnl $1="$ac_cv_path_$1" if test -n "[$]$1"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$]$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) fi AC_SUBST($1)dnl ]) # Check whether LC_MESSAGES is available in . # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 AC_DEFUN(AM_LC_MESSAGES, [if test $ac_cv_header_locale_h = yes; then AC_CACHE_CHECK([for LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include ], [return LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=yes, am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=no)]) if test $am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LC_MESSAGES, 1, [Define if your locale.h file contains LC_MESSAGES]) fi fi]) dnl From Jim Meyering. dnl FIXME: migrate into libit. AC_DEFUN([AM_FUNC_OBSTACK], [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for obstacks], am_cv_func_obstack, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include "obstack.h"], [struct obstack *mem;obstack_free(mem,(char *) 0)], am_cv_func_obstack=yes, am_cv_func_obstack=no)]) if test $am_cv_func_obstack = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OBSTACK) else LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS obstack.o" fi ]) dnl From Jim Meyering. Use this if you use the GNU error.[ch]. dnl FIXME: Migrate into libit AC_DEFUN([AM_FUNC_ERROR_AT_LINE], [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for error_at_line], am_cv_lib_error_at_line, [AC_TRY_LINK([],[error_at_line(0, 0, "", 0, "");], am_cv_lib_error_at_line=yes, am_cv_lib_error_at_line=no)]) if test $am_cv_lib_error_at_line = no; then LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS error.o" fi AC_SUBST(LIBOBJS)dnl ]) # Macro to add for using GNU gettext. # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I put a KDE in it to avoid name conflicts AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_GNU_GETTEXT, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_MAKE_SET])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_RANLIB])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_HEADER_STDC])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_OFF_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_SIZE_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_ALLOCA])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_MMAP])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AM_KDE_WITH_NLS])dnl AC_CHECK_HEADERS([argz.h limits.h locale.h nl_types.h string.h values.h alloca.h]) AC_CHECK_FUNCS([getcwd munmap putenv setenv setlocale strchr strcasecmp \ __argz_count __argz_stringify __argz_next]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for stpcpy) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_func_stpcpy, [ kde_safe_cxxflags=$CXXFLAGS CXXFLAGS="-Wmissing-prototypes -Werror" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include ], [ char buffer[200]; stpcpy(buffer, buffer); ], kde_cv_func_stpcpy=yes, kde_cv_func_stpcpy=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE CXXFLAGS=$kde_safe_cxxflags ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_func_stpcpy) if eval "test \"`echo $kde_cv_func_stpcpy`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STPCPY, 1, [Define if you have stpcpy]) fi AM_LC_MESSAGES if test "x$CATOBJEXT" != "x"; then if test "x$ALL_LINGUAS" = "x"; then LINGUAS= else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for catalogs to be installed) NEW_LINGUAS= for lang in ${LINGUAS=$ALL_LINGUAS}; do case "$ALL_LINGUAS" in *$lang*) NEW_LINGUAS="$NEW_LINGUAS $lang" ;; esac done LINGUAS=$NEW_LINGUAS AC_MSG_RESULT($LINGUAS) fi dnl Construct list of names of catalog files to be constructed. if test -n "$LINGUAS"; then for lang in $LINGUAS; do CATALOGS="$CATALOGS $lang$CATOBJEXT"; done fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_XPM, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$XPM_LDFLAGS" && XPM_LDFLAGS= test -z "$XPM_INCLUDE" && XPM_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(xpm, [ --without-xpm disable color pixmap XPM tests], xpm_test=$withval, xpm_test="yes") if test "x$xpm_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_xpm=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for XPM) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_xpm, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS $LDFLAGS $XPM_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lXpm -lX11 -lXext $LIBZ $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES $USER_INCLUDES" test -n "$XPM_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$XPM_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include ],[], ac_cv_have_xpm="yes",ac_cv_have_xpm="no") LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_xpm" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) XPM_LDFLAGS="" XPMINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XPM, 1, [Define if you have XPM support]) if test "$XPM_LDFLAGS" = ""; then XPMLIB='-lXpm $(LIB_X11)' else XPMLIB="-L$XPM_LDFLAGS -lXpm "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$XPM_INCLUDE" = ""; then XPMINC="" else XPMINC="-I$XPM_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(XPMINC) AC_SUBST(XPMLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_DPMS, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" && DPMS_LDFLAGS= test -z "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && DPMS_INCLUDE= DPMS_LIB= AC_ARG_WITH(dpms, [ --without-dpms disable DPMS power saving], dpms_test=$withval, dpms_test="yes") if test "x$dpms_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_dpms=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for DPMS) dnl Note: ac_cv_have_dpms can be no, yes, or -lXdpms. dnl 'yes' means DPMS_LIB="", '-lXdpms' means DPMS_LIB="-lXdpms". AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_dpms, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" ac_save_libs="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $DPMS_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include #include #include int foo_test_dpms() { return DPMSSetTimeouts( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); }],[], ac_cv_have_dpms="yes", [ LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $DPMS_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" LIBS="$LIBS -lXdpms" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include #include #include int foo_test_dpms() { return DPMSSetTimeouts( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); }],[], [ ac_cv_have_dpms="-lXdpms" ],ac_cv_have_dpms="no") ]) LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" LIBS="$ac_save_libs" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_dpms" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) DPMS_LDFLAGS="" DPMSINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DPMS, 1, [Define if you have DPMS support]) if test "$ac_cv_have_dpms" = "-lXdpms"; then DPMS_LIB="-lXdpms" fi if test "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" = ""; then DPMSLIB="$DPMS_LIB "'$(LIB_X11)' else DPMSLIB="$DPMS_LDFLAGS $DPMS_LIB "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$DPMS_INCLUDE" = ""; then DPMSINC="" else DPMSINC="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(DPMSINC) AC_SUBST(DPMSLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_GL, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$GL_LDFLAGS" && GL_LDFLAGS= test -z "$GL_INCLUDE" && GL_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(gl, [ --without-gl disable 3D GL modes], gl_test=$withval, gl_test="yes") if test "x$gl_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_gl=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for GL) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_gl, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [], ac_cv_have_gl="mesa", ac_cv_have_gl="no") if test "x$ac_cv_have_gl" = "xno"; then LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags $X_LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lGL -lGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [], ac_cv_have_gl="yes", ac_cv_have_gl="no") fi LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) GL_LDFLAGS="" GLINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GL, 1, [Defines if you have GL (Mesa, OpenGL, ...)]) if test "$GL_LDFLAGS" = ""; then if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB='-lMesaGL -lMesaGLU $(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB='-lGL -lGLU $(LIB_X11)' fi else if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lGL -lGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' fi fi if test "$GL_INCLUDE" = ""; then GLINC="" else GLINC="-I$GL_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_gl) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(GLINC) AC_SUBST(GLLIB) ]) dnl shadow password and PAM magic - maintained by ossi@kde.org AC_DEFUN(KDE_PAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_ARG_WITH(pam, [ --with-pam[=ARG] enable support for PAM: ARG=[yes|no|service name]], [ if test "x$withval" = "xyes"; then use_pam=yes pam_service=kde elif test "x$withval" = "xno"; then use_pam=no else use_pam=yes pam_service=$withval fi ac_cv_path_pam="use_pam=$use_pam pam_service=$pam_service" ], [ AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_pam, [ use_pam=no AC_CHECK_LIB(pam, pam_start, [ AC_CHECK_HEADER(security/pam_appl.h, [ use_pam=yes pam_service=kde ]) ], , $LIBDL) ac_cv_path_pam="use_pam=$use_pam pam_service=$pam_service" ]) ]) eval "$ac_cv_path_pam" AC_MSG_CHECKING(for PAM) if test "x$use_pam" = xno; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) PAMLIBS="" else AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PAM, 1, [Defines if you have PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)]) PAMLIBS="$PAM_MISC_LIB -lpam $LIBDL" dnl test whether struct pam_message is const (Linux) or not (Sun) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for const pam_message) AC_EGREP_HEADER([struct pam_message], security/pam_appl.h, [ AC_EGREP_HEADER([const struct pam_message], security/pam_appl.h, [AC_MSG_RESULT([const: Linux-type PAM])], [AC_MSG_RESULT([nonconst: Sun-type PAM]) AC_DEFINE(PAM_MESSAGE_NONCONST, 1, [Define if your PAM support takes non-const arguments (Solaris)])] )], [AC_MSG_RESULT([not found - assume const, Linux-type PAM])]) fi AC_SUBST(PAMLIBS) ]) dnl DEF_PAM_SERVICE(arg name, full name, define name) AC_DEFUN(DEF_PAM_SERVICE, [ AC_ARG_WITH($1-pam, [ --with-$1-pam=[val] override PAM service from --with-pam for $2], [ if test "x$use_pam" = xyes; then $3_PAM_SERVICE="$withval" else AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot use use --with-$1-pam, as no PAM was detected. You may want to enforce it by using --with-pam.]) fi ], [ if test "x$use_pam" = xyes; then $3_PAM_SERVICE="$pam_service" fi ]) if test -n "$$3_PAM_SERVICE"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([The PAM service used by $2 will be $$3_PAM_SERVICE]) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED($3_PAM_SERVICE, "$$3_PAM_SERVICE", [The PAM service to be used by $2]) fi AC_SUBST($3_PAM_SERVICE) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SHADOWPASSWD, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_PAM]) AC_CHECK_LIB(shadow, getspent, [ LIBSHADOW="-lshadow" ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ dnl for UnixWare AC_CHECK_LIB(gen, getspent, [ LIBGEN="-lgen" ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ AC_CHECK_FUNC(getspent, [ ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ ac_use_shadow=no ]) ]) ]) AC_SUBST(LIBSHADOW) AC_SUBST(LIBGEN) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for shadow passwords]) AC_ARG_WITH(shadow, [ --with-shadow If you want shadow password support ], [ if test "x$withval" != "xno"; then use_shadow=yes else use_shadow=no fi ], [ use_shadow="$ac_use_shadow" ]) if test "x$use_shadow" = xyes; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SHADOW, 1, [Define if you use shadow passwords]) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBSHADOW= LIBGEN= fi dnl finally make the relevant binaries setuid root, if we have shadow passwds. dnl this still applies, if we could use it indirectly through pam. if test "x$use_shadow" = xyes || ( test "x$use_pam" = xyes && test "x$ac_use_shadow" = xyes ); then case $host in *-*-freebsd* | *-*-netbsd* | *-*-openbsd*) SETUIDFLAGS="-m 4755 -o root";; *) SETUIDFLAGS="-m 4755";; esac fi AC_SUBST(SETUIDFLAGS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_PASSWDLIBS, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) dnl for LIBCRYPT AC_REQUIRE([KDE_PAM]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_SHADOWPASSWD]) if test "x$use_pam" = "xyes"; then PASSWDLIBS="$PAMLIBS" else PASSWDLIBS="$LIBCRYPT $LIBSHADOW $LIBGEN" fi AC_SUBST(PASSWDLIBS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBDL, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen, [ LIBDL="-ldl" ac_cv_have_dlfcn=yes ]) AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_unload, [ LIBDL="-ldld" ac_cv_have_shload=yes ]) AC_SUBST(LIBDL) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN, [ KDE_CHECK_LIBDL AC_CHECK_HEADERS(dlfcn.h dl.h) if test "$ac_cv_header_dlfcn_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_dlfcn=no fi if test "$ac_cv_header_dl_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_shload=no fi dnl XXX why change enable_dlopen? its already set by autoconf's AC_ARG_ENABLE dnl (MM) AC_ARG_ENABLE(dlopen, [ --disable-dlopen link statically [default=no]] , enable_dlopen=$enableval, enable_dlopen=yes) # override the user's opinion, if we know it better ;) if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "no" && test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "no"; then enable_dlopen=no fi if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DLFCN, 1, [Define if you have dlfcn]) fi if test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SHLOAD, 1, [Define if you have shload]) fi if test "$enable_dlopen" = no ; then test -n "$1" && eval $1 else test -n "$2" && eval $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DYNAMIC_LOADING, [ KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN(libtool_enable_shared=yes, libtool_enable_static=no) KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_MSG_CHECKING([dynamic loading]) eval "`egrep '^build_libtool_libs=' libtool`" if test "$build_libtool_libs" = "yes" && test "$enable_dlopen" = "yes"; then dynamic_loading=yes AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING) else dynamic_loading=no fi AC_MSG_RESULT($dynamic_loading) if test "$dynamic_loading" = "yes"; then $1 else $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_INCLUDES, [ if test -z "$1"; then test_include="Pix.h" else test_include="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libg++ ($test_include)]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libgpp_includes, [ kde_cv_libgpp_includes=no for ac_dir in \ \ /usr/include/g++ \ /usr/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /opt/include \ $extra_include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$test_include"; then kde_cv_libgpp_includes=$ac_dir break fi done ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_libgpp_includes) if test "$kde_cv_libgpp_includes" != "no"; then all_includes="-I$kde_cv_libgpp_includes $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MICO, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MICO) if test -z "$MICODIR"; then kde_micodir=/usr/local else kde_micodir="$MICODIR" fi AC_ARG_WITH(micodir, [ --with-micodir=micodir where mico is installed ], kde_micodir=$withval, kde_micodir=$kde_micodir ) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_incdir, [ mico_incdirs="$kde_micodir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include /usr/local/include /opt/local/include $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(CORBA.h, $mico_incdirs, kde_cv_mico_incdir) ]) kde_micodir=`echo $kde_cv_mico_incdir | sed -e 's#/include##'` if test ! -r $kde_micodir/include/CORBA.h; then AC_MSG_ERROR([No CORBA.h found, specify another micodir]) fi AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_micodir) MICO_INCLUDES=-I$kde_micodir/include AC_SUBST(MICO_INCLUDES) MICO_LDFLAGS=-L$kde_micodir/lib AC_SUBST(MICO_LDFLAGS) micodir=$kde_micodir AC_SUBST(micodir) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for MICO version]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_version, [ AC_LANG_C cat >conftest.$ac_ext < #include int main() { printf("MICO_VERSION=%s\n",MICO_VERSION); return (0); } EOF ac_compile='${CC-gcc} $CFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES conftest.$ac_ext -o conftest' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then if eval `./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_cv_mico_version=$MICO_VERSION else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to execute a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi ]) dnl installed MICO version mico_v_maj=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_mid=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_min=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "x$1" = "x"; then req_version="2.3.0" else req_version=$1 fi dnl required MICO version req_v_maj=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` req_v_mid=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` req_v_min=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "$mico_v_maj" -lt "$req_v_maj" || \ ( test "$mico_v_maj" -eq "$req_v_maj" && \ test "$mico_v_mid" -lt "$req_v_mid" ) || \ ( test "$mico_v_mid" -eq "$req_v_mid" && \ test "$mico_v_min" -lt "$req_v_min" ) then AC_MSG_ERROR([found MICO version $kde_cv_mico_version but version $req_version \ at least is required. You should upgrade MICO.]) else AC_MSG_RESULT([$kde_cv_mico_version (minimum version $req_version, ok)]) fi LIBMICO="-lmico$kde_cv_mico_version $LIBCRYPT $LIBSOCKET $LIBDL" AC_SUBST(LIBMICO) if test -z "$IDL"; then IDL='$(kde_bindir)/cuteidl' fi AC_SUBST(IDL) IDL_DEPENDENCIES='$(kde_includes)/CUTE.h' AC_SUBST(IDL_DEPENDENCIES) idldir="\$(includedir)/idl" AC_SUBST(idldir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MINI_STL, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_MICO]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we use mico's mini-STL) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_mini_stl, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_cxxflags="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_COMPILE( [ #include ], [ #ifdef HAVE_MINI_STL #error "nothing" #endif ], kde_cv_have_mini_stl=no, kde_cv_have_mini_stl=yes) CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_cxxflags" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "x$kde_cv_have_mini_stl" = "xyes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(pthread, pthread_create, [LIBPTHREAD="-lpthread"] ) AC_SUBST(LIBPTHREAD) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PTHREAD_OPTION, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(kernel-threads, [ --enable-kernel-threads Enable the use of the LinuxThreads port on FreeBSD/i386 only.], kde_use_kernthreads=$enableval, kde_use_kernthreads=no) if test "$kde_use_kernthreads" = "yes"; then ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads $CXXFLAGS" CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads $CFLAGS" AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread/linuxthreads/pthread.h) CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" if test "$ac_cv_header_pthread_linuxthreads_pthread_h" = "no"; then kde_use_kernthreads=no else dnl Add proper -I and -l statements AC_CHECK_LIB(lthread, pthread_join, [LIBPTHREAD="-llthread -llgcc_r"]) dnl for FreeBSD if test "x$LIBPTHREAD" = "x"; then kde_use_kernthreads=no else USE_THREADS="-D_THREAD_SAFE -I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads" fi fi else USE_THREADS="" if test -z "$LIBPTHREAD"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(pthread, [USE_THREADS="-pthread"] ) fi fi case $host_os in solaris*) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(mt, [USE_THREADS="-mt"]) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_REENTRANT -D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS -DUSE_SOLARIS -DSVR4" echo "Setting Solaris pthread compilation options" ;; freebsd*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_THREAD_SAFE" echo "Setting FreeBSD pthread compilation options" ;; aix*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_THREAD_SAFE" LIBPTHREAD="$LIBPTHREAD -lc_r" echo "Setting AIX pthread compilation options" ;; linux*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_REENTRANT" USE_THREADS="$USE_THREADS -DPIC -fPIC" echo "Setting Linux pthread compilation options" ;; *) ;; esac AC_SUBST(USE_THREADS) AC_SUBST(LIBPTHREAD) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_THREADING, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_PTHREAD_OPTION]) dnl default is yes if libpthread is found and no if no libpthread is available if test -z "$LIBPTHREAD"; then kde_check_threading_default=no else kde_check_threading_default=yes fi AC_ARG_ENABLE(threading, [ --disable-threading disables threading even if libpthread found ], kde_use_threading=$enableval, kde_use_threading=$kde_check_threading_default) if test "x$kde_use_threading" = "xyes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD, 1, [Define if you have a working libpthread (will enable threaded code)]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON, [ if test "$kde_python_link_found" = no; then if test "$1" = normal; then AC_MSG_CHECKING(if a Python application links) else AC_MSG_CHECKING(if Python depends on $2) fi AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_try_link_python_$1, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C kde_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PYTHONINC" kde_save_libs="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBPYTHON $2 $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $PYTHONLIB" AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ],[ PySys_SetArgv(1, 0); ], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=yes], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=no] ) CFLAGS="$kde_save_cflags" LIBS="$kde_save_libs" LDFLAGS="$kde_save_ldflags" ]) if test "$kde_cv_try_link_python_$1" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) kde_python_link_found=yes if test ! "$1" = normal; then LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $2" fi $3 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $4 fi AC_LANG_RESTORE fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_DIR, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python directory]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_pythondir, [ if test -z "$PYTHONDIR"; then kde_cv_pythondir=/usr/local else kde_cv_pythondir="$PYTHONDIR" fi ]) AC_ARG_WITH(pythondir, [ --with-pythondir=pythondir use python installed in pythondir ], [ ac_python_dir=$withval ], ac_python_dir=$kde_cv_pythondir ) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_python_dir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_DIR]) if test -z "$1"; then version="1.5" else version="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python$version]) python_incdirs="$ac_python_dir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include/ $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) python_incdir=$python_incdir/python$version if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then python_incdir=no fi fi PYTHONINC=-I$python_incdir python_libdirs="$ac_python_dir/lib /usr/lib /usr/local /usr/lib $kde_extra_libs" AC_FIND_FILE(libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/config/libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) python_libdir=$python_libdir/python$version/config if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then python_libdir=no fi fi PYTHONLIB=-L$python_libdir kde_orig_LIBPYTHON=$LIBPYTHON if test -z "$LIBPYTHON"; then LIBPYTHON=-lpython$version fi python_libdirs="$ac_python_dir/lib /usr/lib /usr/local /usr/lib $kde_extra_libs" AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/copy.py, $python_libdirs, python_moddir) python_moddir=$python_moddir/python$version if test ! -r $python_moddir/copy.py; then python_moddir=no fi PYTHONMODDIR=$python_moddir AC_MSG_RESULT(header $python_incdir library $python_libdir modules $python_moddir) if test x$python_incdir = xno || test x$python_libdir = xno || test x$python_moddir = xno; then LIBPYTHON=$kde_orig_LIBPYTHON test "x$PYTHONLIB" = "x-Lno" && PYTHONLIB="" test "x$PYTHONINC" = "x-Ino" && PYTHONINC="" $2 else dnl Note: this test is very weak kde_python_link_found=no KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(normal) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m, -lm) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(pthread, $LIBPTHREAD) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(tcl, -ltcl) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_util, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db3, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb-3 -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(pthread_and_db3, [$LIBPTHREAD -ldb-3]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb -ltermcap -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db_special, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb -lutil], [], [AC_MSG_WARN([it seems, Python depends on another library. Pleae use \"make LIBPYTHON='-lpython$version -lotherlib'\" to fix this and contact the authors to let them know about this problem]) ]) LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" AC_SUBST(PYTHONINC) AC_SUBST(PYTHONLIB) AC_SUBST(LIBPYTHON) AC_SUBST(PYTHONMODDIR) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PYTHON, 1, [Define if you have the development files for python]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON, [ KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN("2.1", [KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN("2.0", [ KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN($1, $2) ]) ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is SGI like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_sgi, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hallo Welt."; astring.erase(0, 6); // now astring is "Welt" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_sgi) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SGI_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by SGI]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_HP, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is HP like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_hp, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hello World"; astring.remove(0, 6); // now astring is "World" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_hp=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_hp=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_hp) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_HP_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by HP]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="`echo $CXXFLAGS | sed s/-fno-exceptions//`" KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "no"; then KDE_CHECK_STL_HP if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR("no known STL type found") fi fi CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_QIMGIO, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for qimgio]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_qimgio, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" LIBS="$all_libraries -lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG $LIBQT" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" AC_TRY_RUN(dnl [ #include #include int main() { QString t = "hallo"; t.fill('t'); qInitImageIO(); } ], ac_cv_lib_qimgio=yes, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no) LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ])dnl if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_qimgio`\" = yes"; then LIBQIMGIO="-lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_QIMGIO, 1, [Define if you have the Qt extension qimgio available]) AC_SUBST(LIBQIMGIO) else AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_ANSI, [ ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_INSURE, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(insure, [ --enable-insure use insure++ for debugging [default=no]], [ if test $enableval = "no"; dnl then ac_use_insure="no" else ac_use_insure="yes" fi ], [ac_use_insure="no"]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we will use Insure++ to debug) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_use_insure) if test "$ac_use_insure" = "yes"; dnl then CC="insure"; CXX="insure"; dnl CFLAGS="$CLAGS -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions "???? fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES, [ AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_STATIC]) AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_SHARED]) enable_static=no enable_shared=yes ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_UTMP_FILE, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for utmp file]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_utmp_file, [ kde_cv_utmp_file=no for ac_file in \ \ /var/run/utmp \ /var/adm/utmp \ /etc/utmp \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_file"; then kde_cv_utmp_file=$ac_file break fi done ]) if test "$kde_cv_utmp_file" != "no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UTMP, "$kde_cv_utmp_file", [Define the file for utmp entries]) $1 AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_utmp_file) else $2 AC_MSG_RESULT([non found]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CREATE_SUBDIRSLIST, [ DO_NOT_COMPILE="$DO_NOT_COMPILE CVS debian bsd-port admin" if test ! -s $srcdir/subdirs; then dnl Note: Makefile.common creates subdirs, so this is just a fallback TOPSUBDIRS="" files=`cd $srcdir && ls -1` dirs=`for i in $files; do if test -d $i; then echo $i; fi; done` for i in $dirs; do echo $i >> $srcdir/subdirs done fi if test -s $srcdir/inst-apps; then ac_topsubdirs="`cat $srcdir/inst-apps`" else ac_topsubdirs="`cat $srcdir/subdirs`" fi for i in $ac_topsubdirs; do AC_MSG_CHECKING([if $i should be compiled]) if test -d $srcdir/$i; then install_it="yes" for j in $DO_NOT_COMPILE; do if test $i = $j; then install_it="no" fi done else install_it="no" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($install_it) if test $install_it = "yes"; then TOPSUBDIRS="$TOPSUBDIRS $i" fi done AC_SUBST(TOPSUBDIRS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NAMESPACES, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether C++ compiler supports namespaces) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ ], [ namespace Foo { extern int i; namespace Bar { extern int i; } } int Foo::i = 0; int Foo::Bar::i = 1; ],[ AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_NAMESPACES) ], [ AC_MSG_RESULT(no) ]) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NEWLIBS, [ ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for S_ISSOCK macro. Doesn't exist on Unix SCO. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_S_ISSOCK, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for S_ISSOCK) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_s_issock, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ], [ struct stat buff; int b = S_ISSOCK( buff.st_mode ); ], ac_cv_have_s_issock=yes, ac_cv_have_s_issock=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_s_issock) if test "$ac_cv_have_s_issock" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_S_ISSOCK, 1, [Define if sys/stat.h declares S_ISSOCK.]) fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for MAXPATHLEN macro, defines KDEMAXPATHLEN. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_KDEMAXPATHLEN, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MAXPATHLEN) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_maxpathlen, [ AC_LANG_C cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include #ifndef MAXPATHLEN #define MAXPATHLEN 1024 #endif KDE_HELLO MAXPATHLEN EOF ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext 2>/dev/null | grep '^KDE_HELLO' >conftest.out" if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_try) && test -s conftest.out; then ac_cv_maxpathlen=`sed 's#KDE_HELLO ##' conftest.out` else ac_cv_maxpathlen=1024 fi rm conftest.* ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_maxpathlen) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(KDEMAXPATHLEN,$ac_cv_maxpathlen, [Define a safe value for MAXPATHLEN] ) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- dnl See if the compiler supports a template repository bero@redhat.de dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- AC_DEFUN(KDE_COMPILER_REPO, [ REPO="" NOREPO="" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(frepo, [ REPO="-frepo" NOREPO="-fno-repo" ]) if test -z "$REPO"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(instances=explicit, [ REPO="-instances=explicit" NOREPO="-instances=extern" ]) fi if test -n "$REPO"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_TEMPLATE_REPOSITORY, 1, [C++ compiler supports template repository]) $1 fi AC_SUBST(REPO) AC_SUBST(NOREPO) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_HEADER, [ AC_LANG_SAVE kde_safe_cppflags=$CPPFLAGS CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $all_includes" AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_CHECK_HEADER($1, $2, $3) CPPFLAGS=$kde_safe_cppflags AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FAST_CONFIGURE, [ dnl makes configure fast (needs perl) AC_ARG_ENABLE(fast-perl, [ --disable-fast-perl disable fast Makefile generation (needs perl)], with_fast_perl=$enableval, with_fast_perl=yes) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CONF_FILES, [ val= if test -f $srcdir/configure.files ; then val=`sed -e 's%^%\$(top_srcdir)/%' $srcdir/configure.files` fi CONF_FILES= if test -n "$val" ; then for i in $val ; do CONF_FILES="$CONF_FILES $i" done fi AC_SUBST(CONF_FILES) ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PREFIX, [ unset CDPATH dnl make $KDEDIR the default for the installation AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) if test "x$prefix" = "xNONE"; then prefix=$ac_default_prefix ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args --prefix $prefix" fi KDE_FAST_CONFIGURE KDE_CONF_FILES ]) pushdef([AC_PROG_INSTALL], [ dnl our own version, testing for a -p flag popdef([AC_PROG_INSTALL]) dnl as AC_PROG_INSTALL works as it works we first have dnl to save if the user didn't specify INSTALL, as the dnl autoconf one overwrites INSTALL and we have no chance to find dnl out afterwards test -n "$INSTALL" && kde_save_INSTALL_given=$INSTALL test -n "$INSTALL_PROGRAM" && kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given=$INSTALL_PROGRAM test -n "$INSTALL_SCRIPT" && kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given=$INSTALL_SCRIPT AC_PROG_INSTALL if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_given" ; then # OK, user hasn't given any INSTALL, autoconf found one for us # now we test, if it supports the -p flag AC_MSG_CHECKING(for -p flag to install) rm -f confinst.$$.* > /dev/null 2>&1 echo "Testtest" > confinst.$$.orig ac_res=no if ${INSTALL} -p confinst.$$.orig confinst.$$.new > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then if test -f confinst.$$.new ; then # OK, -p seems to do no harm to install INSTALL="${INSTALL} -p" ac_res=yes fi fi rm -f confinst.$$.* AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_res) fi dnl the following tries to resolve some signs and wonders coming up dnl with different autoconf/automake versions dnl e.g.: dnl *automake 1.4 install-strip sets A_M_INSTALL_PROGRAM_FLAGS to -s dnl and has INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ $(A_M_INSTALL_PROGRAM_FLAGS) dnl it header-vars.am, so there the actual INSTALL_PROGRAM gets the -s dnl *automake 1.4a (and above) use INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG and only has dnl INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ there, but changes the dnl install-@DIR@PROGRAMS targets to explicitly use that flag dnl *autoconf 2.13 is dumb, and thinks it can use INSTALL_PROGRAM as dnl INSTALL_SCRIPT, which breaks with automake <= 1.4 dnl *autoconf >2.13 (since 10.Apr 1999) has not that failure dnl *sometimes KDE does not use the install-@DIR@PROGRAM targets from dnl automake (due to broken Makefile.am or whatever) to install programs, dnl and so does not see the -s flag in automake > 1.4 dnl to clean up that mess we: dnl +set INSTALL_PROGRAM to use INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG dnl which cleans KDE's program with automake > 1.4; dnl +set INSTALL_SCRIPT to only use INSTALL, to clean up autoconf's problems dnl with automake<=1.4 dnl note that dues to this sometimes two '-s' flags are used (if KDE dnl properly uses install-@DIR@PROGRAMS, but I don't care dnl dnl And to all this comes, that I even can't write in comments variable dnl names used by automake, because it is so stupid to think I wanted to dnl _use_ them, therefor I have written A_M_... instead of AM_ dnl hmm, I wanted to say something ... ahh yes: Arghhh. if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given" ; then INSTALL_PROGRAM='${INSTALL} $(INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG)' fi if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given" ; then INSTALL_SCRIPT='${INSTALL}' fi ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS, [AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&AC_FD_CC' pushdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS], [popdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) ]) pushdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS], [popdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LONG_LONG, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for long long) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_c_long_long, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_LINK([], [ long long foo = 0; foo = foo+1; ], kde_cv_c_long_long=yes, kde_cv_c_long_long=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_c_long_long) if test "$kde_cv_c_long_long" = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LONG_LONG, 1, [Define if you have long long as datatype]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIB, [ kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries" case $host_os in aix*) LIBS="-brtl $LIBS" test "$GCC" = yes && LIBS="-Wl,$LIBS" ;; esac AC_CHECK_LIB($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_INITGROUPS, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST]) AC_CHECK_FUNCS(initgroups) if test "x$ac_cv_func_initgroups" = "xyes"; then case $host_os in aix*) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_MSG_CHECKING([for initgroups prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE( [ #include ], [ char buffer[10]; gid_t id; int x = initgroups(buffer,id); ], kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=yes, kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto) AC_LANG_RESTORE ;; *) kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=yes ;; esac else kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=no fi if test "x$kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto" = "xyes"; then kde_check_initgroups_proto=1 else kde_check_initgroups_proto=0 fi AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_INITGROUPS_PROTO,$kde_check_initgroups_proto, [initgroups may exist but not its prototype (e.g. AIX<4.3.3:8)]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_JAVA_DIR, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Java directory]) AC_ARG_WITH(java, [ --with-java=javadir use java installed in javadir, --without-java disables ], [ ac_java_dir=$withval ], ac_java_dir="" ) dnl at this point ac_java_dir is either a dir, 'no' to disable, or '' to say look in $PATH if test "x$ac_java_dir" = xno; then kde_cv_java_bindir=no kde_cv_java_includedir=no kde_java_libjvmdir=no kde_java_libhpidir=no else if test "x$ac_java_dir" = x; then dnl No option set -> look in $PATH AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_java_bindir, [ dnl First look for javac in $PATH. 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then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_cv_target_alias=$target_alias test "x$ac_cv_target_alias" = "x" && ac_cv_target_alias=$ac_cv_host_alias ac_cv_target=`$ac_config_sub $ac_cv_target_alias` || { { echo "$as_me:1111: error: $ac_config_sub $ac_cv_target_alias failed" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: $ac_config_sub $ac_cv_target_alias failed" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi echo "$as_me:1116: result: $ac_cv_target" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_target" >&6 target=$ac_cv_target target_cpu=`echo $ac_cv_target | sed 's/^\([^-]*\)-\([^-]*\)-\(.*\)$/\1/'` target_vendor=`echo $ac_cv_target | sed 's/^\([^-]*\)-\([^-]*\)-\(.*\)$/\2/'` target_os=`echo $ac_cv_target | sed 's/^\([^-]*\)-\([^-]*\)-\(.*\)$/\3/'` # The aliases save the names the user supplied, while $host etc. # will get canonicalized. test -n "$target_alias" && test "$program_prefix$program_suffix$program_transform_name" = \ NONENONEs,x,x, && program_prefix=${target_alias}- test -z "$target_alias" && target_alias=$ac_cv_target test "$program_prefix" != NONE && program_transform_name="s,^,$program_prefix,;$program_transform_name" # Use a double $ so make ignores it. test "$program_suffix" != NONE && program_transform_name="s,\$,$program_suffix,;$program_transform_name" # Double any \ or $. echo might interpret backslashes. # By default was `s,x,x', remove it if useless. cat <<\_ACEOF >conftest.sed s/[\\$]/&&/g;s/;s,x,x,$// _ACEOF program_transform_name=`echo $program_transform_name | sed -f conftest.sed` rm conftest.sed test -n "$INSTALL" && kde_save_INSTALL_given=$INSTALL test -n "$INSTALL_PROGRAM" && kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given=$INSTALL_PROGRAM test -n "$INSTALL_SCRIPT" && kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given=$INSTALL_SCRIPT # Find a good install program. We prefer a C program (faster), # so one script is as good as another. But avoid the broken or # incompatible versions: # SysV /etc/install, /usr/sbin/install # SunOS /usr/etc/install # IRIX /sbin/install # AIX /bin/install # AmigaOS /C/install, which installs bootblocks on floppy discs # AIX 4 /usr/bin/installbsd, which doesn't work without a -g flag # AFS /usr/afsws/bin/install, which mishandles nonexistent args # SVR4 /usr/ucb/install, which tries to use the nonexistent group "staff" # ./install, which can be erroneously created by make from ./install.sh. echo "$as_me:1160: checking for a BSD compatible install" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for a BSD compatible install... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test -z "$INSTALL"; then if test "${ac_cv_path_install+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator for ac_dir in $PATH; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS # Account for people who put trailing slashes in PATH elements. case $ac_dir/ in / | ./ | .// | /cC/* \ | /etc/* | /usr/sbin/* | /usr/etc/* | /sbin/* | /usr/afsws/bin/* \ | /usr/ucb/* ) ;; *) # OSF1 and SCO ODT 3.0 have their own names for install. # Don't use installbsd from OSF since it installs stuff as root # by default. for ac_prog in ginstall scoinst install; do if $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_prog"; then if test $ac_prog = install && grep dspmsg "$ac_dir/$ac_prog" >/dev/null 2>&1; then # AIX install. It has an incompatible calling convention. : elif test $ac_prog = install && grep pwplus "$ac_dir/$ac_prog" >/dev/null 2>&1; then # program-specific install script used by HP pwplus--don't use. : else ac_cv_path_install="$ac_dir/$ac_prog -c" break 2 fi fi done ;; esac done fi if test "${ac_cv_path_install+set}" = set; then INSTALL=$ac_cv_path_install else # As a last resort, use the slow shell script. We don't cache a # path for INSTALL within a source directory, because that will # break other packages using the cache if that directory is # removed, or if the path is relative. INSTALL=$ac_install_sh fi fi echo "$as_me:1209: result: $INSTALL" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$INSTALL" >&6 # Use test -z because SunOS4 sh mishandles braces in ${var-val}. # It thinks the first close brace ends the variable substitution. test -z "$INSTALL_PROGRAM" && INSTALL_PROGRAM='${INSTALL}' test -z "$INSTALL_SCRIPT" && INSTALL_SCRIPT='${INSTALL}' test -z "$INSTALL_DATA" && INSTALL_DATA='${INSTALL} -m 644' if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_given" ; then # OK, user hasn't given any INSTALL, autoconf found one for us # now we test, if it supports the -p flag echo "$as_me:1223: checking for -p flag to install" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for -p flag to install... $ECHO_C" >&6 rm -f confinst.$$.* > /dev/null 2>&1 echo "Testtest" > confinst.$$.orig ac_res=no if ${INSTALL} -p confinst.$$.orig confinst.$$.new > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then if test -f confinst.$$.new ; then # OK, -p seems to do no harm to install INSTALL="${INSTALL} -p" ac_res=yes fi fi rm -f confinst.$$.* echo "$as_me:1236: result: $ac_res" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_res" >&6 fi if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given" ; then INSTALL_PROGRAM='${INSTALL} $(INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG)' fi if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given" ; then INSTALL_SCRIPT='${INSTALL}' fi echo "$as_me:1247: checking whether build environment is sane" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking whether build environment is sane... $ECHO_C" >&6 # Just in case sleep 1 echo timestamp > conftest.file # Do `set' in a subshell so we don't clobber the current shell's # arguments. Must try -L first in case configure is actually a # symlink; some systems play weird games with the mod time of symlinks # (eg FreeBSD returns the mod time of the symlink's containing # directory). if ( set X `ls -Lt $srcdir/configure conftest.file 2> /dev/null` if test "$*" = "X"; then # -L didn't work. set X `ls -t $srcdir/configure conftest.file` fi rm -f conftest.file if test "$*" != "X $srcdir/configure conftest.file" \ && test "$*" != "X conftest.file $srcdir/configure"; then # If neither matched, then we have a broken ls. This can happen # if, for instance, CONFIG_SHELL is bash and it inherits a # broken ls alias from the environment. This has actually # happened. Such a system could not be considered "sane". { { echo "$as_me:1271: error: ls -t appears to fail. Make sure there is not a broken alias in your environment" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: ls -t appears to fail. Make sure there is not a broken alias in your environment" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi test "$2" = conftest.file ) then # Ok. : else { { echo "$as_me:1284: error: newly created file is older than distributed files! Check your system clock" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: newly created file is older than distributed files! Check your system clock" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi echo "$as_me:1290: result: yes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 # expand $ac_aux_dir to an absolute path am_aux_dir=`CDPATH=:; cd $ac_aux_dir && pwd` test x"${MISSING+set}" = xset || MISSING="\${SHELL} $am_aux_dir/missing" # Use eval to expand $SHELL if eval "$MISSING --run true"; then am_missing_run="$MISSING --run " else am_missing_run= am_backtick='`' { echo "$as_me:1303: WARNING: ${am_backtick}missing' script is too old or missing" >&5 echo "$as_me: WARNING: ${am_backtick}missing' script is too old or missing" >&2;} fi for ac_prog in mawk gawk nawk awk do # Extract the first word of "$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $ac_prog; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1311: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_AWK+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$AWK"; then ac_cv_prog_AWK="$AWK" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_AWK="$ac_prog" echo "$as_me:1326: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi AWK=$ac_cv_prog_AWK if test -n "$AWK"; then echo "$as_me:1334: result: $AWK" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$AWK" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1337: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi test -n "$AWK" && break done echo "$as_me:1344: checking whether ${MAKE-make} sets \${MAKE}" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking whether ${MAKE-make} sets \${MAKE}... $ECHO_C" >&6 set dummy ${MAKE-make}; ac_make=`echo "$2" | sed 'y,./+-,__p_,'` if eval "test \"\${ac_cv_prog_make_${ac_make}_set+set}\" = set"; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.make <<\EOF all: @echo 'ac_maketemp="${MAKE}"' EOF # GNU make sometimes prints "make[1]: Entering...", which would confuse us. eval `${MAKE-make} -f conftest.make 2>/dev/null | grep temp=` if test -n "$ac_maketemp"; then eval ac_cv_prog_make_${ac_make}_set=yes else eval ac_cv_prog_make_${ac_make}_set=no fi rm -f conftest.make fi if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_prog_make_'${ac_make}_set`\" = yes"; then echo "$as_me:1364: result: yes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 SET_MAKE= else echo "$as_me:1368: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 SET_MAKE="MAKE=${MAKE-make}" fi # Check whether --enable-dependency-tracking or --disable-dependency-tracking was given. if test "${enable_dependency_tracking+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_dependency_tracking" fi; if test "x$enable_dependency_tracking" != xno; then am_depcomp="$ac_aux_dir/depcomp" AMDEPBACKSLASH='\' fi if test "x$enable_dependency_tracking" != xno; then AMDEP_TRUE= AMDEP_FALSE='#' else AMDEP_TRUE='#' AMDEP_FALSE= fi rm -f .deps 2>/dev/null mkdir .deps 2>/dev/null if test -d .deps; then DEPDIR=.deps else # MS-DOS does not allow filenames that begin with a dot. DEPDIR=_deps fi rmdir .deps 2>/dev/null # test to see if srcdir already configured if test "`CDPATH=:; cd $srcdir && pwd`" != "`pwd`" && test -f $srcdir/config.status; then { { echo "$as_me:1404: error: source directory already configured; run \"make distclean\" there first" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: source directory already configured; run \"make distclean\" there first" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi # Define the identity of the package. PACKAGE=c_cpp_reference VERSION=2.0.2 cat >>confdefs.h <>confdefs.h < confinc << 'END' doit: @echo done END # If we don't find an include directive, just comment out the code. echo "$as_me:1489: checking for style of include used by $am_make" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for style of include used by $am_make... $ECHO_C" >&6 am__include='#' am__quote= _am_result=none # First try GNU make style include. echo "include confinc" > confmf # We grep out `Entering directory' and `Leaving directory' # messages which can occur if `w' ends up in MAKEFLAGS. # In particular we don't look at `^make:' because GNU make might # be invoked under some other name (usually "gmake"), in which # case it prints its new name instead of `make'. if test "`$am_make -s -f confmf 2> /dev/null | fgrep -v 'ing directory'`" = "done"; then am__include=include am__quote= _am_result=GNU fi # Now try BSD make style include. if test "$am__include" = "#"; then echo '.include "confinc"' > confmf if test "`$am_make -s -f confmf 2> /dev/null`" = "done"; then am__include=.include am__quote='"' _am_result=BSD fi fi echo "$as_me:1516: result: $_am_result" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$_am_result" >&6 rm -f confinc confmf # Check whether --enable-debug or --disable-debug was given. if test "${enable_debug+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_debug" if test $enableval = "no"; then kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=yes else kde_use_debug_code="yes" kde_use_debug_define=no fi else kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=no fi; # Check whether --enable-dummyoption or --disable-dummyoption was given. if test "${enable_dummyoption+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_dummyoption" fi; # Check whether --enable-strict or --disable-strict was given. if test "${enable_strict+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_strict" if test $enableval = "no"; then kde_use_strict_options="no" else kde_use_strict_options="yes" fi else kde_use_strict_options="no" fi; # Check whether --enable-profile or --disable-profile was given. if test "${enable_profile+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_profile" kde_use_profiling=$enableval else kde_use_profiling="no" fi; CFLAGS=" $CFLAGS" ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then # Extract the first word of "${ac_tool_prefix}gcc", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy ${ac_tool_prefix}gcc; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1577: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_CC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_CC="${ac_tool_prefix}gcc" echo "$as_me:1592: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then echo "$as_me:1600: result: $CC" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$CC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1603: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi fi if test -z "$ac_cv_prog_CC"; then ac_ct_CC=$CC # Extract the first word of "gcc", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy gcc; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1612: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="gcc" echo "$as_me:1627: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then echo "$as_me:1635: result: $ac_ct_CC" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_ct_CC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1638: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi CC=$ac_ct_CC else CC="$ac_cv_prog_CC" fi if test -z "$CC"; then if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then # Extract the first word of "${ac_tool_prefix}cc", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy ${ac_tool_prefix}cc; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1651: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_CC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_CC="${ac_tool_prefix}cc" echo "$as_me:1666: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then echo "$as_me:1674: result: $CC" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$CC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1677: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi fi if test -z "$ac_cv_prog_CC"; then ac_ct_CC=$CC # Extract the first word of "cc", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy cc; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1686: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="cc" echo "$as_me:1701: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then echo "$as_me:1709: result: $ac_ct_CC" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_ct_CC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1712: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi CC=$ac_ct_CC else CC="$ac_cv_prog_CC" fi fi if test -z "$CC"; then # Extract the first word of "cc", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy cc; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1725: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_CC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_prog_rejected=no ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue if test "$ac_dir/$ac_word" = "/usr/ucb/cc"; then ac_prog_rejected=yes continue fi ac_cv_prog_CC="cc" echo "$as_me:1745: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done if test $ac_prog_rejected = yes; then # We found a bogon in the path, so make sure we never use it. set dummy $ac_cv_prog_CC shift if test $# != 0; then # We chose a different compiler from the bogus one. # However, it has the same basename, so the bogon will be chosen # first if we set CC to just the basename; use the full file name. shift set dummy "$ac_dir/$ac_word" ${1+"$@"} shift ac_cv_prog_CC="$@" fi fi fi fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then echo "$as_me:1767: result: $CC" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$CC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1770: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi fi if test -z "$CC"; then if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then for ac_prog in cl do # Extract the first word of "$ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1781: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_CC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$CC"; then ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_CC="$ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog" echo "$as_me:1796: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC if test -n "$CC"; then echo "$as_me:1804: result: $CC" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$CC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1807: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi test -n "$CC" && break done fi if test -z "$CC"; then ac_ct_CC=$CC for ac_prog in cl do # Extract the first word of "$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $ac_prog; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:1820: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_prog" echo "$as_me:1835: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then echo "$as_me:1843: result: $ac_ct_CC" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_ct_CC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:1846: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi test -n "$ac_ct_CC" && break done CC=$ac_ct_CC fi fi test -z "$CC" && { { echo "$as_me:1858: error: no acceptable cc found in \$PATH" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: no acceptable cc found in \$PATH" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } # Provide some information about the compiler. echo "$as_me:1863:" \ "checking for C compiler version" >&5 ac_compiler=`set X $ac_compile; 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This will affect the creation of libtool libraries that *** depend on shared libraries, but programs linked with such libtool *** libraries will work regardless of this problem. Nevertheless, you *** may want to report the problem to your system manager and/or to *** bug-libtool@gnu.org EOF fi ;; esac fi break fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" MAGIC_CMD="$ac_save_MAGIC_CMD" ;; esac fi MAGIC_CMD="$lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD" if test -n "$MAGIC_CMD"; then echo "$as_me:3815: result: $MAGIC_CMD" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$MAGIC_CMD" >&6 else echo "$as_me:3818: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi if test -z "$lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD"; then if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then echo "$as_me:3824: checking for file" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for file... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else case $MAGIC_CMD in /*) lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD="$MAGIC_CMD" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; ?:/*) lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD="$MAGIC_CMD" # Let the user override the test with a dos path. ;; *) ac_save_MAGIC_CMD="$MAGIC_CMD" IFS="${IFS= }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS=":" ac_dummy="/usr/bin:$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if test -f $ac_dir/file; then lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD="$ac_dir/file" if test -n "$file_magic_test_file"; then case $deplibs_check_method in "file_magic "*) file_magic_regex="`expr \"$deplibs_check_method\" : \"file_magic \(.*\)\"`" MAGIC_CMD="$lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD" if eval $file_magic_cmd \$file_magic_test_file 2> /dev/null | egrep "$file_magic_regex" > /dev/null; then : else cat <&2 *** Warning: the command libtool uses to detect shared libraries, *** $file_magic_cmd, produces output that libtool cannot recognize. *** The result is that libtool may fail to recognize shared libraries *** as such. This will affect the creation of libtool libraries that *** depend on shared libraries, but programs linked with such libtool *** libraries will work regardless of this problem. Nevertheless, you *** may want to report the problem to your system manager and/or to *** bug-libtool@gnu.org EOF fi ;; esac fi break fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" MAGIC_CMD="$ac_save_MAGIC_CMD" ;; esac fi MAGIC_CMD="$lt_cv_path_MAGIC_CMD" if test -n "$MAGIC_CMD"; then echo "$as_me:3879: result: $MAGIC_CMD" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$MAGIC_CMD" >&6 else echo "$as_me:3882: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi else MAGIC_CMD=: fi fi fi ;; esac if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then # Extract the first word of "${ac_tool_prefix}ranlib", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy ${ac_tool_prefix}ranlib; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:3898: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_RANLIB+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$RANLIB"; then ac_cv_prog_RANLIB="$RANLIB" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_RANLIB="${ac_tool_prefix}ranlib" echo "$as_me:3913: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi RANLIB=$ac_cv_prog_RANLIB if test -n "$RANLIB"; then echo "$as_me:3921: result: $RANLIB" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$RANLIB" >&6 else echo "$as_me:3924: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi fi if test -z "$ac_cv_prog_RANLIB"; then ac_ct_RANLIB=$RANLIB # Extract the first word of "ranlib", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy ranlib; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:3933: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$ac_ct_RANLIB"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB="$ac_ct_RANLIB" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB="ranlib" echo "$as_me:3948: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done test -z "$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB" && ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB=":" fi fi ac_ct_RANLIB=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB if test -n "$ac_ct_RANLIB"; then echo "$as_me:3957: result: $ac_ct_RANLIB" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_ct_RANLIB" >&6 else echo "$as_me:3960: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi RANLIB=$ac_ct_RANLIB else RANLIB="$ac_cv_prog_RANLIB" fi if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then # Extract the first word of "${ac_tool_prefix}strip", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy ${ac_tool_prefix}strip; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:3972: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_STRIP+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$STRIP"; then ac_cv_prog_STRIP="$STRIP" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_STRIP="${ac_tool_prefix}strip" echo "$as_me:3987: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done fi fi STRIP=$ac_cv_prog_STRIP if test -n "$STRIP"; then echo "$as_me:3995: result: $STRIP" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$STRIP" >&6 else echo "$as_me:3998: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi fi if test -z "$ac_cv_prog_STRIP"; then ac_ct_STRIP=$STRIP # Extract the first word of "strip", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy strip; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:4007: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_STRIP+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test -n "$ac_ct_STRIP"; then ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_STRIP="$ac_ct_STRIP" # Let the user override the test. else ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word" || continue ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_STRIP="strip" echo "$as_me:4022: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break done test -z "$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_STRIP" && ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_STRIP=":" fi fi ac_ct_STRIP=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_STRIP if test -n "$ac_ct_STRIP"; then echo "$as_me:4031: result: $ac_ct_STRIP" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_ct_STRIP" >&6 else echo "$as_me:4034: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi STRIP=$ac_ct_STRIP else STRIP="$ac_cv_prog_STRIP" fi # Check for any special flags to pass to ltconfig. libtool_flags="--cache-file=$cache_file" test "$enable_shared" = no && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-shared" test "$enable_static" = no && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-static" test "$enable_fast_install" = no && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-fast-install" test "$GCC" = yes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --with-gcc" test "$lt_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --with-gnu-ld" libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --enable-dlopen" # Check whether --enable-libtool-lock or --disable-libtool-lock was given. if test "${enable_libtool_lock+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_libtool_lock" fi; test "x$enable_libtool_lock" = xno && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-lock" test x"$silent" = xyes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --silent" # Check whether --with-pic or --without-pic was given. if test "${with_pic+set}" = set; then withval="$with_pic" pic_mode="$withval" else pic_mode=default fi; test x"$pic_mode" = xyes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --prefer-pic" test x"$pic_mode" = xno && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --prefer-non-pic" # Some flags need to be propagated to the compiler or linker for good # libtool support. case $host in *-*-irix6*) # Find out which ABI we are using. echo '#line 4075 "configure"' > conftest.$ac_ext if { (eval echo "$as_me:4076: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4079: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; then case `/usr/bin/file conftest.$ac_objext` in *32-bit*) LD="${LD-ld} -32" ;; *N32*) LD="${LD-ld} -n32" ;; *64-bit*) LD="${LD-ld} -64" ;; esac fi rm -rf conftest* ;; *-*-sco3.2v5*) # On SCO OpenServer 5, we need -belf to get full-featured binaries. SAVE_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -belf" echo "$as_me:4100: checking whether the C compiler needs -belf" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking whether the C compiler needs -belf... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${lt_cv_cc_needs_belf+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4113 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" int main () { ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:4125: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4128: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:4131: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4134: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then lt_cv_cc_needs_belf=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 lt_cv_cc_needs_belf=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu fi echo "$as_me:4150: result: $lt_cv_cc_needs_belf" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$lt_cv_cc_needs_belf" >&6 if test x"$lt_cv_cc_needs_belf" != x"yes"; then # this is probably gcc 2.8.0, egcs 1.0 or newer; no need for -belf CFLAGS="$SAVE_CFLAGS" fi ;; esac # Save cache, so that ltconfig can load it cat >confcache <<\_ACEOF # This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure # tests run on this system so they can be shared between configure # scripts and configure runs, see configure's option --config-cache. # It is not useful on other systems. If it contains results you don't # want to keep, you may remove or edit it. # # config.status only pays attention to the cache file if you give it # the --recheck option to rerun configure. # # `ac_cv_env_foo' variables (set or unset) will be overriden when # loading this file, other *unset* `ac_cv_foo' will be assigned the # following values. _ACEOF # The following way of writing the cache mishandles newlines in values, # but we know of no workaround that is simple, portable, and efficient. # So, don't put newlines in cache variables' values. # Ultrix sh set writes to stderr and can't be redirected directly, # and sets the high bit in the cache file unless we assign to the vars. { (set) 2>&1 | case `(ac_space=' '; set | grep ac_space) 2>&1` in *ac_space=\ *) # `set' does not quote correctly, so add quotes (double-quote # substitution turns \\\\ into \\, and sed turns \\ into \). sed -n \ "s/'/'\\\\''/g; s/^\\([_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1='\\2'/p" ;; *) # `set' quotes correctly as required by POSIX, so do not add quotes. sed -n \ "s/^\\([_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1=\\2/p" ;; esac; } | sed ' t clear : clear s/^\([^=]*\)=\(.*[{}].*\)$/test "${\1+set}" = set || &/ t end /^ac_cv_env/!s/^\([^=]*\)=\(.*\)$/\1=${\1=\2}/ : end' >>confcache if cmp -s $cache_file confcache; then :; else if test -w $cache_file; then test "x$cache_file" != "x/dev/null" && echo "updating cache $cache_file" cat confcache >$cache_file else echo "not updating unwritable cache $cache_file" fi fi rm -f confcache # Actually configure libtool. ac_aux_dir is where install-sh is found. AR="$AR" LTCC="$CC" CC="$CC" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS" \ MAGIC_CMD="$MAGIC_CMD" LD="$LD" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS" \ LN_S="$LN_S" NM="$NM" RANLIB="$RANLIB" STRIP="$STRIP" \ AS="$AS" DLLTOOL="$DLLTOOL" OBJDUMP="$OBJDUMP" \ objext="$OBJEXT" exeext="$EXEEXT" reload_flag="$reload_flag" \ deplibs_check_method="$deplibs_check_method" file_magic_cmd="$file_magic_cmd" \ ${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $ac_aux_dir/ltconfig --no-reexec \ $libtool_flags --no-verify --build="$build" $ac_aux_dir/ltmain.sh $host \ || { { echo "$as_me:4225: error: libtool configure failed" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: libtool configure failed" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } # Reload cache, that may have been modified by ltconfig if test -r "$cache_file"; then # Some versions of bash will fail to source /dev/null (special # files actually), so we avoid doing that. if test -f "$cache_file"; then { echo "$as_me:4234: loading cache $cache_file" >&5 echo "$as_me: loading cache $cache_file" >&6;} case $cache_file in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* ) . $cache_file;; *) . ./$cache_file;; esac fi else { echo "$as_me:4242: creating cache $cache_file" >&5 echo "$as_me: creating cache $cache_file" >&6;} >$cache_file fi # This can be used to rebuild libtool when needed LIBTOOL_DEPS="$ac_aux_dir/ltconfig $ac_aux_dir/ltmain.sh $ac_aux_dir/ltcf-c.sh" # Always use our own libtool. LIBTOOL='$(SHELL) $(top_builddir)/libtool' # Redirect the config.log output again, so that the ltconfig log is not # clobbered by the next message. exec 5>>./config.log LIBTOOL_DEPS=$LIBTOOL_DEPS" $ac_aux_dir/ltcf-cxx.sh" lt_save_CC="$CC" lt_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" AR="$AR" LTCC="$CC" CC="$CXX" CXX="$CXX" CFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS" \ MAGIC_CMD="$MAGIC_CMD" LD="$LD" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS" \ LN_S="$LN_S" NM="$NM" RANLIB="$RANLIB" STRIP="$STRIP" \ AS="$AS" DLLTOOL="$DLLTOOL" OBJDUMP="$OBJDUMP" \ objext="$OBJEXT" exeext="$EXEEXT" reload_flag="$reload_flag" \ deplibs_check_method="$deplibs_check_method" \ file_magic_cmd="$file_magic_cmd" \ ${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $ac_aux_dir/ltconfig -o libtool $libtool_flags \ --build="$build" --add-tag=CXX $ac_aux_dir/ltcf-cxx.sh $host \ || { { echo "$as_me:4269: error: libtool tag configuration failed" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: libtool tag configuration failed" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } CC="$lt_save_CC" CFLAGS="$lt_save_CFLAGS" # Redirect the config.log output again, so that the ltconfig log is not # clobbered by the next message. exec 5>>./config.log ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu LIBTOOL_SHELL="/bin/sh ./libtool" # LIBTOOL="$LIBTOOL --silent" KDE_PLUGIN="-avoid-version -module -no-undefined \$(KDE_RPATH)" # Check whether --enable-objprelink or --disable-objprelink was given. if test "${enable_objprelink+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_objprelink" kde_use_objprelink=$enableval else kde_use_objprelink=no fi; if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then echo "$as_me:4304: checking for objprelink" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for objprelink... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test -n "$OBJPRELINK"; then kde_cv_path="$OBJPRELINK"; else kde_cache=`echo objprelink | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` if eval "test \"\${kde_cv_path_$kde_cache+set}\" = set"; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else kde_cv_path="NONE" dirs="" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/objprelink"; then if test -n "" then evalstr="$dir/objprelink 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/objprelink" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/objprelink" break fi fi done eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" fi eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" fi if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then echo "$as_me:4349: result: not found" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}not found" >&6 kde_use_objprelink=no else echo "$as_me:4353: result: $kde_cv_path" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$kde_cv_path" >&6 OBJPRELINK=$kde_cv_path fi if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then echo "$as_me:4360: checking Patching libtool to run objprelink." >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking Patching libtool to run objprelink.... $ECHO_C" >&6 mv libtool libtool.orig cat > libtool <<\EOF #! /bin/sh for n ; do case $n in *.o) test -r $n && echo objprelink $n && objprelink $n ;; *.lo) m=`basename $n .lo`".o" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m m=".libs/$m" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m ;; esac; done EOF cat >> libtool libtool.orig rm libtool.orig chmod a+x libtool echo "$as_me:4374: result: done" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}done" >&6 fi fi # Extract the first word of "msgfmt", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy msgfmt; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:4381: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_path_MSGFMT+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else case "$MSGFMT" in /*) ac_cv_path_MSGFMT="$MSGFMT" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) IFS="${IFS= }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for ac_dir in $PATH; do test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then if test -n "`$ac_dir/$ac_word --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"; then ac_cv_path_MSGFMT="$ac_dir/$ac_word" break fi fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" test -z "$ac_cv_path_MSGFMT" && ac_cv_path_MSGFMT="msgfmt" ;; esac fi MSGFMT="$ac_cv_path_MSGFMT" if test -n "$MSGFMT"; then echo "$as_me:4408: result: $MSGFMT" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$MSGFMT" >&6 else echo "$as_me:4411: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi # Extract the first word of "gmsgfmt", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy gmsgfmt; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:4417: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else case $GMSGFMT in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT="$GMSGFMT" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) ac_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$ac_path_separator ac_dummy="$PATH" for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do IFS=$ac_save_IFS test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if $as_executable_p "$ac_dir/$ac_word"; then ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT="$ac_dir/$ac_word" echo "$as_me:4434: found $ac_dir/$ac_word" >&5 break fi done test -z "$ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT" && ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT="$MSGFMT" ;; esac fi GMSGFMT=$ac_cv_path_GMSGFMT if test -n "$GMSGFMT"; then echo "$as_me:4446: result: $GMSGFMT" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$GMSGFMT" >&6 else echo "$as_me:4449: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi if test -z "`$GMSGFMT --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"; then echo "$as_me:4454: result: found msgfmt program is not GNU msgfmt; ignore it" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}found msgfmt program is not GNU msgfmt; ignore it" >&6 GMSGFMT=":" fi MSGFMT=$GMSGFMT # Extract the first word of "xgettext", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy xgettext; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:4462: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else case "$XGETTEXT" in /*) ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT="$XGETTEXT" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) IFS="${IFS= }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for ac_dir in $PATH; do test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then if test -z "`$ac_dir/$ac_word -h 2>&1 | grep '(HELP)'`"; then ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT="$ac_dir/$ac_word" break fi fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" test -z "$ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT" && ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT=":" ;; esac fi XGETTEXT="$ac_cv_path_XGETTEXT" if test -n "$XGETTEXT"; then echo "$as_me:4489: result: $XGETTEXT" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$XGETTEXT" >&6 else echo "$as_me:4492: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi if test "$XGETTEXT" != ":"; then if $XGETTEXT --omit-header /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then : ; else echo "$as_me:4500: result: found xgettext programs is not GNU xgettext; ignore it" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}found xgettext programs is not GNU xgettext; ignore it" >&6 XGETTEXT=":" fi fi ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu echo "$as_me:4511: checking how to run the C preprocessor" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking how to run the C preprocessor... $ECHO_C" >&6 # On Suns, sometimes $CPP names a directory. if test -n "$CPP" && test -d "$CPP"; then CPP= fi if test -z "$CPP"; then if test "${ac_cv_prog_CPP+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else # Double quotes because CPP needs to be expanded for CPP in "$CC -E" "$CC -E -traditional-cpp" "/lib/cpp" do ac_preproc_ok=false for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes do # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc # with a fresh cross-compiler works. # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser, # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4532 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include Syntax error _ACEOF if { (eval echo "$as_me:4537: \"$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext\"") >&5 (eval $ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext) 2>conftest.er1 ac_status=$? egrep -v '^ *\+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err rm -f conftest.er1 cat conftest.err >&5 echo "$as_me:4543: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } >/dev/null; then if test -s conftest.err; then ac_cpp_err=$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag else ac_cpp_err= fi else ac_cpp_err=yes fi if test -z "$ac_cpp_err"; then : else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 # Broken: fails on valid input. continue fi rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext # OK, works on sane cases. Now check whether non-existent headers # can be detected and how. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4566 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include _ACEOF if { (eval echo "$as_me:4570: \"$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext\"") >&5 (eval $ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext) 2>conftest.er1 ac_status=$? egrep -v '^ *\+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err rm -f conftest.er1 cat conftest.err >&5 echo "$as_me:4576: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } >/dev/null; then if test -s conftest.err; then ac_cpp_err=$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag else ac_cpp_err= fi else ac_cpp_err=yes fi if test -z "$ac_cpp_err"; then # Broken: success on invalid input. continue else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 # Passes both tests. ac_preproc_ok=: break fi rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext done # Because of `break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped. rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext if $ac_preproc_ok; then break fi done ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP fi CPP=$ac_cv_prog_CPP else ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP fi echo "$as_me:4613: result: $CPP" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$CPP" >&6 ac_preproc_ok=false for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes do # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc # with a fresh cross-compiler works. # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser, # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4623 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include Syntax error _ACEOF if { (eval echo "$as_me:4628: \"$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext\"") >&5 (eval $ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext) 2>conftest.er1 ac_status=$? egrep -v '^ *\+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err rm -f conftest.er1 cat conftest.err >&5 echo "$as_me:4634: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } >/dev/null; then if test -s conftest.err; then ac_cpp_err=$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag else ac_cpp_err= fi else ac_cpp_err=yes fi if test -z "$ac_cpp_err"; then : else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 # Broken: fails on valid input. continue fi rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext # OK, works on sane cases. Now check whether non-existent headers # can be detected and how. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4657 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include _ACEOF if { (eval echo "$as_me:4661: \"$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext\"") >&5 (eval $ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext) 2>conftest.er1 ac_status=$? egrep -v '^ *\+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err rm -f conftest.er1 cat conftest.err >&5 echo "$as_me:4667: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } >/dev/null; then if test -s conftest.err; then ac_cpp_err=$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag else ac_cpp_err= fi else ac_cpp_err=yes fi if test -z "$ac_cpp_err"; then # Broken: success on invalid input. continue else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 # Passes both tests. ac_preproc_ok=: break fi rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext done # Because of `break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped. rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext if $ac_preproc_ok; then : else { { echo "$as_me:4695: error: C preprocessor \"$CPP\" fails sanity check" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: C preprocessor \"$CPP\" fails sanity check" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu echo "$as_me:4706: checking for ANSI C header files" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for ANSI C header files... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_header_stdc+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4712 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include #include #include #include _ACEOF if { (eval echo "$as_me:4720: \"$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext\"") >&5 (eval $ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext) 2>conftest.er1 ac_status=$? egrep -v '^ *\+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err rm -f conftest.er1 cat conftest.err >&5 echo "$as_me:4726: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } >/dev/null; then if test -s conftest.err; then ac_cpp_err=$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag else ac_cpp_err= fi else ac_cpp_err=yes fi if test -z "$ac_cpp_err"; then ac_cv_header_stdc=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_header_stdc=no fi rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then # SunOS 4.x string.h does not declare mem*, contrary to ANSI. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4748 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | egrep "memchr" >/dev/null 2>&1; then : else ac_cv_header_stdc=no fi rm -f conftest* fi if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then # ISC 2.0.2 stdlib.h does not declare free, contrary to ANSI. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4766 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include _ACEOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 | egrep "free" >/dev/null 2>&1; then : else ac_cv_header_stdc=no fi rm -f conftest* fi if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then # /bin/cc in Irix-4.0.5 gets non-ANSI ctype macros unless using -ansi. if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then : else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4787 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include #if ((' ' & 0x0FF) == 0x020) # define ISLOWER(c) ('a' <= (c) && (c) <= 'z') # define TOUPPER(c) (ISLOWER(c) ? 'A' + ((c) - 'a') : (c)) #else # define ISLOWER(c) (('a' <= (c) && (c) <= 'i') \ || ('j' <= (c) && (c) <= 'r') \ || ('s' <= (c) && (c) <= 'z')) # define TOUPPER(c) (ISLOWER(c) ? ((c) | 0x40) : (c)) #endif #define XOR(e, f) (((e) && !(f)) || (!(e) && (f))) int main () { int i; for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) if (XOR (islower (i), ISLOWER (i)) || toupper (i) != TOUPPER (i)) exit(2); exit (0); } _ACEOF rm -f conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:4813: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4816: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:4818: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4821: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then : else echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5 echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_header_stdc=no fi rm -f core core.* *.core conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi fi fi echo "$as_me:4834: result: $ac_cv_header_stdc" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_header_stdc" >&6 if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then cat >>confdefs.h <<\EOF #define STDC_HEADERS 1 EOF fi # On IRIX 5.3, sys/types and inttypes.h are conflicting. for ac_header in sys/types.h sys/stat.h stdlib.h string.h memory.h strings.h \ inttypes.h stdint.h unistd.h do as_ac_Header=`echo "ac_cv_header_$ac_header" | $as_tr_sh` echo "$as_me:4850: checking for $ac_header" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_header... $ECHO_C" >&6 if eval "test \"\${$as_ac_Header+set}\" = set"; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4856 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default #include <$ac_header> _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:4862: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4865: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:4868: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4871: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then eval "$as_ac_Header=yes" else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 eval "$as_ac_Header=no" fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:4881: result: `eval echo '${'$as_ac_Header'}'`" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}`eval echo '${'$as_ac_Header'}'`" >&6 if test `eval echo '${'$as_ac_Header'}'` = yes; then cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for main in -lutil... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_util_main+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lutil $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4905 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" int main () { main (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:4917: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4920: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:4923: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4926: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_util_main=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_util_main=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:4937: result: $ac_cv_lib_util_main" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_util_main" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_util_main = yes; then LIBUTIL="-lutil" fi echo "$as_me:4943: checking for main in -lcompat" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for main in -lcompat... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_compat_main+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lcompat $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4951 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" int main () { main (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:4963: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4966: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:4969: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:4972: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_compat_main=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_compat_main=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:4983: result: $ac_cv_lib_compat_main" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_compat_main" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_compat_main = yes; then LIBCOMPAT="-lcompat" fi kde_have_crypt= echo "$as_me:4990: checking for crypt in -lcrypt" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for crypt in -lcrypt... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lcrypt $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 4998 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char crypt (); int main () { crypt (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5017: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5020: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5023: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5026: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5037: result: $ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt = yes; then LIBCRYPT="-lcrypt"; kde_have_crypt=yes else echo "$as_me:5042: checking for crypt in -lc" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for crypt in -lc... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_c_crypt+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lc $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5050 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char crypt (); int main () { crypt (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5069: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5072: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5075: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5078: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_c_crypt=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_c_crypt=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5089: result: $ac_cv_lib_c_crypt" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_c_crypt" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_c_crypt = yes; then kde_have_crypt=yes else { echo "$as_me:5095: WARNING: you have no crypt in either libcrypt or libc. You should install libcrypt from another source or configure with PAM support" >&5 echo "$as_me: WARNING: you have no crypt in either libcrypt or libc. You should install libcrypt from another source or configure with PAM support" >&2;} kde_have_crypt=no fi fi if test $kde_have_crypt = yes; then cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for socklen_t... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_socklen_t+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_ext=cc ac_cpp='$CXXCPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CXX -c $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CXX -o conftest$ac_exeext $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&5' cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5130 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include #include int main () { socklen_t a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5148: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5151: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5154: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5157: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_socklen_t=socklen_t else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5165 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include #include int main () { int a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5183: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5186: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5189: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5192: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_socklen_t=int else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_socklen_t=size_t fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu fi echo "$as_me:5213: result: $ac_cv_socklen_t" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_socklen_t" >&6 if test "$ac_cv_socklen_t" != "socklen_t"; then cat >>confdefs.h <>confdefs.h <&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for dnet_ntoa in -ldnet... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ldnet $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5241 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char dnet_ntoa (); int main () { dnet_ntoa (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5260: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5263: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5266: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5269: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5280: result: $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = yes; then X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet" fi if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = no; then echo "$as_me:5287: checking for dnet_ntoa in -ldnet_stub" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for dnet_ntoa in -ldnet_stub... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ldnet_stub $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5295 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char dnet_ntoa (); int main () { dnet_ntoa (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5314: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5317: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5320: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5323: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5334: result: $ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa = yes; then X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet_stub" fi fi echo "$as_me:5341: checking for inet_ntoa" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for inet_ntoa... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5347 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes, which can conflict with char inet_ntoa (); below. */ #include /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char inet_ntoa (); char (*f) (); int main () { /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */ #if defined (__stub_inet_ntoa) || defined (__stub___inet_ntoa) choke me #else f = inet_ntoa; #endif ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5378: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5381: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5384: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5387: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:5397: result: $ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa" >&6 if test $ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa = no; then echo "$as_me:5401: checking for inet_ntoa in -lnsl" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for inet_ntoa in -lnsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_nsl_inet_ntoa+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lnsl $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5409 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char inet_ntoa (); int main () { inet_ntoa (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5428: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5431: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5434: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5437: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_nsl_inet_ntoa=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_nsl_inet_ntoa=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5448: result: $ac_cv_lib_nsl_inet_ntoa" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_nsl_inet_ntoa" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_nsl_inet_ntoa = yes; then X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl" fi fi echo "$as_me:5455: checking for connect" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for connect... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_func_connect+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5461 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes, which can conflict with char connect (); below. */ #include /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char connect (); char (*f) (); int main () { /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */ #if defined (__stub_connect) || defined (__stub___connect) choke me #else f = connect; #endif ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5492: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5495: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5498: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5501: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_func_connect=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_func_connect=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:5511: result: $ac_cv_func_connect" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_func_connect" >&6 if test $ac_cv_func_connect = no; then echo "$as_me:5515: checking for connect in -lsocket" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for connect in -lsocket... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_socket_connect+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5523 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char connect (); int main () { connect (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5542: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5545: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5548: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5551: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_socket_connect=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_socket_connect=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5562: result: $ac_cv_lib_socket_connect" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_socket_connect" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_socket_connect = yes; then X_EXTRA_LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS" fi fi echo "$as_me:5570: checking for remove" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for remove... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_func_remove+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5576 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes, which can conflict with char remove (); below. */ #include /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char remove (); char (*f) (); int main () { /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */ #if defined (__stub_remove) || defined (__stub___remove) choke me #else f = remove; #endif ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5607: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5610: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5613: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5616: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_func_remove=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_func_remove=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:5626: result: $ac_cv_func_remove" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_func_remove" >&6 if test $ac_cv_func_remove = no; then echo "$as_me:5630: checking for remove in -lposix" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for remove in -lposix... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_posix_remove+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lposix $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5638 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char remove (); int main () { remove (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5657: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5660: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5663: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5666: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_posix_remove=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_posix_remove=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5677: result: $ac_cv_lib_posix_remove" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_posix_remove" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_posix_remove = yes; then X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lposix" fi fi # BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 needs -lipc for XOpenDisplay. echo "$as_me:5686: checking for shmat" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for shmat... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_func_shmat+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5692 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes, which can conflict with char shmat (); below. */ #include /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char shmat (); char (*f) (); int main () { /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */ #if defined (__stub_shmat) || defined (__stub___shmat) choke me #else f = shmat; #endif ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5723: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5726: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5729: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5732: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_func_shmat=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_func_shmat=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:5742: result: $ac_cv_func_shmat" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_func_shmat" >&6 if test $ac_cv_func_shmat = yes; then : else echo "$as_me:5747: checking for shmat in -lipc" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for shmat in -lipc... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lipc $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5755 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char shmat (); int main () { shmat (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5774: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5777: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5780: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5783: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5794: result: $ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat = yes; then X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lipc" fi fi # Solaris 2.6 and others need -lresolv for res_init for ac_func in res_init do as_ac_var=`echo "ac_cv_func_$ac_func" | $as_tr_sh` echo "$as_me:5807: checking for $ac_func" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_func... $ECHO_C" >&6 if eval "test \"\${$as_ac_var+set}\" = set"; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5813 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes, which can conflict with char $ac_func (); below. */ #include /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char $ac_func (); char (*f) (); int main () { /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */ #if defined (__stub_$ac_func) || defined (__stub___$ac_func) choke me #else f = $ac_func; #endif ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5844: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5847: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5850: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5853: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then eval "$as_ac_var=yes" else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 eval "$as_ac_var=no" fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:5863: result: `eval echo '${'$as_ac_var'}'`" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}`eval echo '${'$as_ac_var'}'`" >&6 if test `eval echo '${'$as_ac_var'}'` = yes; then cat >>confdefs.h <conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5875 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include int main () { res_init(); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5891: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5894: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5897: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5900: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then LIBRESOLV="-lresolv" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBRESOLV" cat >>confdefs.h <<\EOF #define HAVE_RES_INIT 1 EOF else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$kde_libs_safe fi done LIBSOCKET="$X_EXTRA_LIBS" echo "$as_me:5921: checking for killpg in -lucb" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for killpg in -lucb... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_ucb_killpg+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lucb $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5929 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char killpg (); int main () { killpg (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:5948: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5951: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:5954: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:5957: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_ucb_killpg=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_ucb_killpg=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:5968: result: $ac_cv_lib_ucb_killpg" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_ucb_killpg" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_ucb_killpg = yes; then LIBUCB="-lucb" fi case $host in *-*-lynxos* ) echo "$as_me:5975: checking LynxOS header file wrappers" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking LynxOS header file wrappers... $ECHO_C" >&6 CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -D__NO_INCLUDE_WARN__" echo "$as_me:5978: result: disabled" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}disabled" >&6 echo "$as_me:5980: checking for gethostbyname in -lbsd" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for gethostbyname in -lbsd... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lbsd $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 5988 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char gethostbyname (); int main () { gethostbyname (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6007: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6010: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6013: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6016: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:6027: result: $ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname = yes; then LIBSOCKET="-lbsd" fi ;; esac echo "$as_me:6035: checking for int" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for int... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_type_int+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6041 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { if ((int *) 0) return 0; if (sizeof (int)) return 0; ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6056: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6059: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6062: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6065: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_type_int=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_type_int=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:6075: result: $ac_cv_type_int" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_type_int" >&6 echo "$as_me:6078: checking size of int" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking size of int... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_sizeof_int+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test "$ac_cv_type_int" = yes; then if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then # Depending upon the size, compute the lo and hi bounds. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6087 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (int)) >= 0)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6099: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6102: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6105: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6108: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=0 ac_mid=0 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6113 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (int)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6125: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6128: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6131: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6134: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=-1 ac_mid=-1 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6150 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (int)) >= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6162: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6165: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6168: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6171: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=`expr $ac_mid - 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext # Binary search between lo and hi bounds. while test "x$ac_lo" != "x$ac_hi"; do ac_mid=`expr '(' $ac_hi - $ac_lo ')' / 2 + $ac_lo` cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6187 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (int)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6199: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6202: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6205: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6208: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done ac_cv_sizeof_int=$ac_lo else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then { { echo "$as_me:6221: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6226 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { FILE *f = fopen ("conftest.val", "w"); if (!f) exit (1); fprintf (f, "%d", (sizeof (int))); fclose (f); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6242: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6245: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6247: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6250: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_sizeof_int=`cat conftest.val` else echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5 echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 fi rm -f core core.* *.core conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi fi rm -f conftest.val else ac_cv_sizeof_int=0 fi fi echo "$as_me:6266: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_int" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_sizeof_int" >&6 cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for long... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_type_long+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6278 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { if ((long *) 0) return 0; if (sizeof (long)) return 0; ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6293: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6296: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6299: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6302: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_type_long=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_type_long=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:6312: result: $ac_cv_type_long" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_type_long" >&6 echo "$as_me:6315: checking size of long" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking size of long... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_sizeof_long+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test "$ac_cv_type_long" = yes; then if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then # Depending upon the size, compute the lo and hi bounds. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6324 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (long)) >= 0)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6336: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6339: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6342: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6345: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=0 ac_mid=0 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6350 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (long)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6362: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6365: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6368: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6371: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=-1 ac_mid=-1 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6387 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (long)) >= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6399: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6402: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6405: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6408: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=`expr $ac_mid - 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext # Binary search between lo and hi bounds. while test "x$ac_lo" != "x$ac_hi"; do ac_mid=`expr '(' $ac_hi - $ac_lo ')' / 2 + $ac_lo` cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6424 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (long)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6436: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6439: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6442: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6445: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done ac_cv_sizeof_long=$ac_lo else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then { { echo "$as_me:6458: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6463 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { FILE *f = fopen ("conftest.val", "w"); if (!f) exit (1); fprintf (f, "%d", (sizeof (long))); fclose (f); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6479: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6482: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6484: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6487: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_sizeof_long=`cat conftest.val` else echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5 echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 fi rm -f core core.* *.core conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi fi rm -f conftest.val else ac_cv_sizeof_long=0 fi fi echo "$as_me:6503: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_long" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_sizeof_long" >&6 cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for char *... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_type_char_p+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6515 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { if ((char * *) 0) return 0; if (sizeof (char *)) return 0; ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6530: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6533: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6536: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6539: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_type_char_p=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_type_char_p=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:6549: result: $ac_cv_type_char_p" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_type_char_p" >&6 echo "$as_me:6552: checking size of char *" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking size of char *... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_sizeof_char_p+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test "$ac_cv_type_char_p" = yes; then if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then # Depending upon the size, compute the lo and hi bounds. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6561 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char *)) >= 0)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6573: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6576: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6579: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6582: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=0 ac_mid=0 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6587 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char *)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6599: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6602: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6605: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6608: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=-1 ac_mid=-1 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6624 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char *)) >= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6636: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6639: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6642: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6645: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=`expr $ac_mid - 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext # Binary search between lo and hi bounds. while test "x$ac_lo" != "x$ac_hi"; do ac_mid=`expr '(' $ac_hi - $ac_lo ')' / 2 + $ac_lo` cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6661 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char *)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6673: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6676: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6679: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6682: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done ac_cv_sizeof_char_p=$ac_lo else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then { { echo "$as_me:6695: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6700 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { FILE *f = fopen ("conftest.val", "w"); if (!f) exit (1); fprintf (f, "%d", (sizeof (char *))); fclose (f); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6716: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6719: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6721: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6724: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_sizeof_char_p=`cat conftest.val` else echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5 echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 fi rm -f core core.* *.core conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi fi rm -f conftest.val else ac_cv_sizeof_char_p=0 fi fi echo "$as_me:6740: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_sizeof_char_p" >&6 cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for char... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_type_char+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6752 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { if ((char *) 0) return 0; if (sizeof (char)) return 0; ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6767: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6770: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6773: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6776: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_type_char=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_type_char=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi echo "$as_me:6786: result: $ac_cv_type_char" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_type_char" >&6 echo "$as_me:6789: checking size of char" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking size of char... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_sizeof_char+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test "$ac_cv_type_char" = yes; then if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then # Depending upon the size, compute the lo and hi bounds. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6798 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char)) >= 0)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6810: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6813: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6816: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6819: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=0 ac_mid=0 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6824 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6836: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6839: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6842: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6845: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=-1 ac_mid=-1 while :; do cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6861 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char)) >= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6873: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6876: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6879: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6882: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_lo=$ac_mid; break else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_hi=`expr $ac_mid - 1`; ac_mid=`expr 2 '*' $ac_mid` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext # Binary search between lo and hi bounds. while test "x$ac_lo" != "x$ac_hi"; do ac_mid=`expr '(' $ac_hi - $ac_lo ')' / 2 + $ac_lo` cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6898 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { int _array_ [1 - 2 * !((sizeof (char)) <= $ac_mid)] ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6910: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6913: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest.$ac_objext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6916: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6919: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_hi=$ac_mid else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_lo=`expr $ac_mid + 1` fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext done ac_cv_sizeof_char=$ac_lo else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then { { echo "$as_me:6932: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6937 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" $ac_includes_default int main () { FILE *f = fopen ("conftest.val", "w"); if (!f) exit (1); fprintf (f, "%d", (sizeof (char))); fclose (f); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:6953: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6956: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:6958: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:6961: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_sizeof_char=`cat conftest.val` else echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5 echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 fi rm -f core core.* *.core conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext fi fi rm -f conftest.val else ac_cv_sizeof_char=0 fi fi echo "$as_me:6977: result: $ac_cv_sizeof_char" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_sizeof_char" >&6 cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for dlopen in -ldl... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ldl $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 6991 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char dlopen (); int main () { dlopen (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7010: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7013: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7016: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7019: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:7030: result: $ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen = yes; then LIBDL="-ldl" ac_cv_have_dlfcn=yes fi echo "$as_me:7039: checking for shl_unload in -ldld" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for shl_unload in -ldld... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_dld_shl_unload+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-ldld $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7047 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char shl_unload (); int main () { shl_unload (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7066: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7069: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7072: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7075: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_dld_shl_unload=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_dld_shl_unload=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:7086: result: $ac_cv_lib_dld_shl_unload" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_dld_shl_unload" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_dld_shl_unload = yes; then LIBDL="-ldld" ac_cv_have_shload=yes fi echo "$as_me:7095: checking for X" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for X... $ECHO_C" >&6 ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu if test "${kde_cv_have_x+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else # One or both of the vars are not set, and there is no cached value. if test "{$x_includes+set}" = set || test "$x_includes" = NONE; then kde_x_includes=NO else kde_x_includes=$x_includes fi if test "{$x_libraries+set}" = set || test "$x_libraries" = NONE; then kde_x_libraries=NO else kde_x_libraries=$x_libraries fi # below we use the standard autoconf calls ac_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries ac_x_includes=$kde_x_includes if test "$ac_x_includes" = NO; then # Guess where to find include files, by looking for this one X11 .h file. test -z "$x_direct_test_include" && x_direct_test_include=X11/Intrinsic.h # First, try using that file with no special directory specified. cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7129 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include <$x_direct_test_include> _ACEOF if { (eval echo "$as_me:7133: \"$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext\"") >&5 (eval $ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext) 2>conftest.er1 ac_status=$? egrep -v '^ *\+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err rm -f conftest.er1 cat conftest.err >&5 echo "$as_me:7139: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } >/dev/null; then if test -s conftest.err; then ac_cpp_err=$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag else ac_cpp_err= fi else ac_cpp_err=yes fi if test -z "$ac_cpp_err"; then # We can compile using X headers with no special include directory. ac_x_includes= else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 # Look for the header file in a standard set of common directories. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in \ /usr/X11/include \ /usr/X11R6/include \ /usr/X11R5/include \ /usr/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/include/X11 \ /usr/include/X11R6 \ /usr/include/X11R5 \ /usr/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/include \ /usr/local/X11R6/include \ /usr/local/X11R5/include \ /usr/local/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/local/include/X11 \ /usr/local/include/X11R6 \ /usr/local/include/X11R5 \ /usr/local/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/include \ /usr/x386/include \ /usr/XFree86/include/X11 \ \ /usr/include \ /usr/local/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /usr/athena/include \ /usr/local/x11r5/include \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/include \ \ /usr/openwin/include \ /usr/openwin/share/include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$x_direct_test_include"; then ac_x_includes=$ac_dir break fi done fi rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext fi # $ac_x_includes = NO if test "$ac_x_libraries" = NO; then # Check for the libraries. test -z "$x_direct_test_library" && x_direct_test_library=Xt test -z "$x_direct_test_function" && x_direct_test_function=XtMalloc # See if we find them without any special options. # Don't add to $LIBS permanently. ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="-l$x_direct_test_library $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7213 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" int main () { ${x_direct_test_function}() ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7225: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7228: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7231: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7234: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # We can link X programs with no special library path. ac_x_libraries= else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # First see if replacing the include by lib works. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in `echo "$ac_x_includes" | sed s/include/lib/` \ /usr/X11/lib \ /usr/X11R6/lib \ /usr/X11R5/lib \ /usr/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/lib/X11 \ /usr/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/lib \ /usr/local/X11R6/lib \ /usr/local/X11R5/lib \ /usr/local/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/local/lib/X11 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/lib \ /usr/x386/lib \ /usr/XFree86/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/lib \ /usr/local/lib \ /usr/unsupported/lib \ /usr/athena/lib \ /usr/local/x11r5/lib \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/lib \ /lib/usr/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/openwin/lib \ /usr/openwin/share/lib \ ; \ do for ac_extension in a so sl; do if test -r $ac_dir/lib${x_direct_test_library}.$ac_extension; then ac_x_libraries=$ac_dir break 2 fi done done fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi # $ac_x_libraries = NO case "$host" in mips-sgi-irix6*) ;; *-*-solaris*) ;; *) rm -fr conftest.dir if mkdir conftest.dir; then cd conftest.dir # Make sure to not put "make" in the Imakefile rules, since we grep it out. cat >Imakefile <<'EOF' acfindx: @echo 'ac_im_incroot="${INCROOT}"; ac_im_usrlibdir="${USRLIBDIR}"; ac_im_libdir="${LIBDIR}"' EOF if (xmkmf) >/dev/null 2>/dev/null && test -f Makefile; then # GNU make sometimes prints "make[1]: Entering...", which would confuse us. eval `${MAKE-make} acfindx 2>/dev/null | grep -v make` # Open Windows xmkmf reportedly sets LIBDIR instead of USRLIBDIR. for ac_extension in a so sl; do if test ! -f $ac_im_usrlibdir/libX11.$ac_extension && test -f $ac_im_libdir/libX11.$ac_extension; then ac_im_usrlibdir=$ac_im_libdir; break fi done # Screen out bogus values from the imake configuration. They are # bogus both because they are the default anyway, and because # using them would break gcc on systems where it needs fixed includes. case $ac_im_incroot in /usr/include) ;; *) test -f "$ac_im_incroot/X11/Xos.h" && ac_x_includes=$ac_im_incroot;; esac case $ac_im_usrlibdir in /usr/lib | /lib) ;; *) test -d "$ac_im_usrlibdir" && ac_x_libraries=$ac_im_usrlibdir ;; esac fi cd .. rm -fr conftest.dir fi if test -z "$ac_x_includes"; then ac_x_includes="." fi if test -z "$ac_x_libraries"; then ac_x_libraries="/usr/lib" fi esac #from now on we use our own again # when the user already gave --x-includes, we ignore # what the standard autoconf macros told us. if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then kde_x_includes=$ac_x_includes fi # for --x-libraries too if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then kde_x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries fi if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then { { echo "$as_me:7354: error: Can't find X includes. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: Can't find X includes. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then { { echo "$as_me:7360: error: Can't find X libraries. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: Can't find X libraries. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi # Record where we found X for the cache. kde_cv_have_x="have_x=yes \ kde_x_includes=$kde_x_includes kde_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries" fi eval "$kde_cv_have_x" if test "$have_x" != yes; then echo "$as_me:7374: result: $have_x" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$have_x" >&6 no_x=yes else echo "$as_me:7378: result: libraries $kde_x_libraries, headers $kde_x_includes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}libraries $kde_x_libraries, headers $kde_x_includes" >&6 fi if test -z "$kde_x_includes" || test "x$kde_x_includes" = xNONE; then X_INCLUDES="" x_includes="."; else x_includes=$kde_x_includes X_INCLUDES="-I$x_includes" fi if test -z "$kde_x_libraries" || test "x$kde_x_libraries" = xNONE; then X_LDFLAGS="" x_libraries="/usr/lib"; else x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries X_LDFLAGS="-L$x_libraries" fi all_includes="$X_INCLUDES" all_libraries="$X_LDFLAGS" # Check for libraries that X11R6 Xt/Xaw programs need. ac_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS" # SM needs ICE to (dynamically) link under SunOS 4.x (so we have to # check for ICE first), but we must link in the order -lSM -lICE or # we get undefined symbols. So assume we have SM if we have ICE. # These have to be linked with before -lX11, unlike the other # libraries we check for below, so use a different variable. # --interran@uluru.Stanford.EDU, kb@cs.umb.edu. echo "$as_me:7407: checking for IceConnectionNumber in -lICE" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for IceConnectionNumber in -lICE... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS LIBS="-lICE $X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBS" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7415 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ char IceConnectionNumber (); int main () { IceConnectionNumber (); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7434: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7437: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7440: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7443: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS fi echo "$as_me:7454: result: $ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber" >&6 if test $ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber = yes; then LIBSM="-lSM -lICE" fi LDFLAGS="$ac_save_LDFLAGS" LIB_X11='-lX11 $(LIBSOCKET)' echo "$as_me:7464: checking for libXext" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for libXext... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${kde_cv_have_libXext+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else kde_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="-lXext -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7477 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include #ifdef STDC_HEADERS # include #endif int main () { printf("hello Xext\n"); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7496: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7499: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7502: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7505: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then kde_cv_have_libXext=yes else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 kde_cv_have_libXext=no fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LDFLAGS=$kde_ldflags_safe LIBS=$kde_libs_safe fi echo "$as_me:7521: result: $kde_cv_have_libXext" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$kde_cv_have_libXext" >&6 if test "$kde_cv_have_libXext" = "no"; then { { echo "$as_me:7525: error: We need a working libXext to proceed. Since configure can't find it itself, we stop here assuming that make wouldn't find them either." >&5 echo "$as_me: error: We need a working libXext to proceed. Since configure can't find it itself, we stop here assuming that make wouldn't find them either." >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi echo "$as_me:7534: checking for Xinerama" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for Xinerama... $ECHO_C" >&6 # Check whether --with-xinerama or --without-xinerama was given. if test "${with_xinerama+set}" = set; then withval="$with_xinerama" no_xinerama=no else no_xinerama=yes fi; kde_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -I$x_includes" LIBS="-lXinerama -lXext" if test "x$no_xinerama" = "xno"; then if test "${ac_cv_have_xinerama+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7563 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include #include int main () { XineramaIsActive(NULL); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7576: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7579: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7582: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7585: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then ac_cv_have_xinerama="yes" else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_cv_have_xinerama="no" fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext fi else ac_cv_have_xinerama=no; fi echo "$as_me:7601: result: $ac_cv_have_xinerama" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_have_xinerama" >&6 LIBXINERAMA="" if test "$ac_cv_have_xinerama" = "yes"; then cat >>confdefs.h <<\EOF #define HAVE_XINERAMA 1 EOF LIBXINERAMA="-lXinerama" fi LDFLAGS="$kde_save_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu if test -z ""; then kde_qtver=2 kde_qtsubver=1 else kde_qtsubver=`echo "" | sed -e 's#[0-9]\+\.\([0-9]\+\).*#\1#'` # following is the check if subversion isnt found in passed argument if test "$kde_qtsubver" = ""; then kde_qtsubver=1 fi kde_qtver=`echo "" | sed -e 's#^\([0-9]\+\)\..*#\1#'` if test "$kde_qtver" = "1"; then kde_qtsubver=42 else # this is the version number fallback to 2.1, unless major version is 1 or 2 if test "$kde_qtver" != "2"; then kde_qtver=2 kde_qtsubver=1 fi fi fi if test -z ""; then if test $kde_qtver = 2; then if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then kde_qt_minversion=">= Qt 2.2.2" else kde_qt_minversion=">= Qt 2.0.2" fi elif test $kde_qtver = 3; then kde_qt_minversion=">= 3.0" else kde_qt_minversion=">= 1.42 and < 2.0" fi else kde_qt_minversion= fi if test -z ""; then if test $kde_qtver = 2; then if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then kde_qt_verstring="QT_VERSION >= 222" else kde_qt_verstring="QT_VERSION >= 200" fi elif test $kde_qtver = 3; then kde_qt_verstring="QT_VERSION >= 300" else kde_qt_verstring="QT_VERSION >= 142 && QT_VERSION < 200" fi else kde_qt_verstring= fi if test $kde_qtver = 2; then kde_qt_dirs="$QTDIR /usr/lib/qt2 /usr/lib/qt" else kde_qt_dirs="$QTDIR /usr/lib/qt" fi echo "$as_me:7684: checking for extra includes" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for extra includes... $ECHO_C" >&6 # Check whether --with-extra-includes or --without-extra-includes was given. if test "${with_extra_includes+set}" = set; then withval="$with_extra_includes" kde_use_extra_includes="$withval" else kde_use_extra_includes=NONE fi; kde_extra_includes= if test -n "$kde_use_extra_includes" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_includes" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_includes; do kde_extra_includes="$kde_extra_includes $dir" USER_INCLUDES="$USER_INCLUDES -I$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_includes="added" else kde_use_extra_includes="no" fi echo "$as_me:7711: result: $kde_use_extra_includes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$kde_use_extra_includes" >&6 kde_extra_libs= echo "$as_me:7715: checking for extra libs" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for extra libs... $ECHO_C" >&6 # Check whether --with-extra-libs or --without-extra-libs was given. if test "${with_extra_libs+set}" = set; then withval="$with_extra_libs" kde_use_extra_libs=$withval else kde_use_extra_libs=NONE fi; if test -n "$kde_use_extra_libs" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_libs" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_libs; do kde_extra_libs="$kde_extra_libs $dir" KDE_EXTRA_RPATH="$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH -R $dir" USER_LDFLAGS="$USER_LDFLAGS -L$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_libs="added" else kde_use_extra_libs="no" fi echo "$as_me:7742: result: $kde_use_extra_libs" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$kde_use_extra_libs" >&6 echo "$as_me:7745: checking for libz" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for libz... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_z+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lz $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7762 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include int main () { return (zlibVersion() == ZLIB_VERSION); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7776: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7779: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7782: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7785: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then eval "ac_cv_lib_z='-lz'" else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 eval "ac_cv_lib_z=no" fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" fi if test ! "$ac_cv_lib_z" = no; then cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_z" >&6 else { { echo "$as_me:7809: error: not found. Check your installation and look into config.log" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: not found. Check your installation and look into config.log" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } LIBZ="" fi echo "$as_me:7816: checking for libpng" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for libpng... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_png+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lpng $LIBZ -lm -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7833 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" #include int main () { png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct( /* image ptr */ PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0 ); return( png_ptr != 0 ); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7851: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7854: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7857: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7860: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then eval "ac_cv_lib_png='-lpng $LIBZ -lm'" else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 eval "ac_cv_lib_png=no" fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" fi if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_png`\" = no"; then cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_png" >&6 else echo "$as_me:7885: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 LIBPNG="" fi echo "$as_me:7891: checking for libjpeg6b" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for libjpeg6b... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_jpeg_6b+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -ljpeg6b -lm" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7908 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ struct jpeg_decompress_struct; typedef struct jpeg_decompress_struct * j_decompress_ptr; typedef int size_t; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void jpeg_CreateDecompress(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int version, size_t structsize); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ int main () { jpeg_CreateDecompress(0L, 0, 0); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:7934: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7937: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:7940: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:7943: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_6b=-ljpeg6b" else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_6b=no" fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" fi if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_6b`\" = no"; then LIBJPEG="$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_6b" echo "$as_me:7959: result: $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_6b" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_6b" >&6 else echo "$as_me:7962: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 echo "$as_me:7965: checking for libjpeg" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for libjpeg... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${ac_cv_lib_jpeg_normal+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -ljpeg -lm" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF #line 7982 "configure" #include "confdefs.h" /* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ struct jpeg_decompress_struct; typedef struct jpeg_decompress_struct * j_decompress_ptr; typedef int size_t; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void jpeg_CreateDecompress(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int version, size_t structsize); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ int main () { jpeg_CreateDecompress(0L, 0, 0); ; return 0; } _ACEOF rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext if { (eval echo "$as_me:8008: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:8011: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' { (eval echo "$as_me:8014: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:8017: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; }; then eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_normal=-ljpeg" else echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_normal=no" fi rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" fi if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_normal`\" = no"; then LIBJPEG="$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_normal" echo "$as_me:8033: result: $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_normal" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_normal" >&6 else echo "$as_me:8036: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 LIBJPEG= fi fi jpeg_incdirs="/usr/include /usr/local/include $kde_extra_includes" jpeg_incdir=NO for i in $jpeg_incdirs; do for j in jpeglib.h; do echo "configure: 8052: $i/$j" >&5 if test -r "$i/$j"; then echo "taking that" >&5 jpeg_incdir=$i break 2 fi done done test "x$jpeg_incdir" = xNO && jpeg_incdir= if test -n "$jpeg_incdir" && test -n "$LIBJPEG" ; then cat >>confdefs.h <&5 echo "$as_me: WARNING: There is an installation error in jpeg support. You seem to have only one of either the headers _or_ the libraries installed. You may need to either provide correct --with-extra-... options, or the development package of libjpeg6b. You can get a source package of libjpeg from http://www.ijg.org/ Disabling JPEG support. " >&2;} else { echo "$as_me:8086: WARNING: libjpeg not found. disable JPEG support." >&5 echo "$as_me: WARNING: libjpeg not found. disable JPEG support." >&2;} fi jpeg_incdir= LIBJPEG= fi # Check whether --enable-mt or --disable-mt was given. if test "${enable_mt+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_mt" kde_use_qt_mt=$enableval else kde_use_qt_mt=no fi; USING_QT_MT="" if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DQT_THREAD_SUPPORT -pthread" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -pthread" else { echo "$as_me:8112: WARNING: Compiler is not gcc. MT support disabled." >&5 echo "$as_me: WARNING: Compiler is not gcc. MT support disabled." >&2;} fi ;; *) { echo "$as_me:8117: WARNING: MT not yet supported on $host - disabled." >&5 echo "$as_me: WARNING: MT not yet supported on $host - disabled." >&2;} ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=yes if test -z "$LIBQT_GLOB"; then LIBQT_GLOB="libqt.*" fi if test -z "$LIBQT"; then LIBQT="-lqt" kde_int_qt="-lqt" if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then LIBQT="-lqt-mt" kde_int_qt="-lqt-mt" LIBQT_GLOB="libqt-mt.*" USING_QT_MT="using -mt" fi ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=no else kde_int_qt="$LIBQT" fi if test $kde_qtver != 1; then LIBQT="$LIBQT $LIBPNG $LIBJPEG" fi echo "$as_me:8162: checking for Qt" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for Qt... $ECHO_C" >&6 LIBQT="$LIBQT $X_PRE_LIBS -lXext -lX11 $LIBSM $LIBSOCKET" ac_qt_includes=NO ac_qt_libraries=NO ac_qt_bindir=NO qt_libraries="" qt_includes="" # Check whether --with-qt-dir or --without-qt-dir was given. if test "${with_qt_dir+set}" = set; then withval="$with_qt_dir" ac_qt_includes="$withval"/include ac_qt_libraries="$withval"/lib ac_qt_bindir="$withval"/bin fi; # Check whether --with-qt-includes or --without-qt-includes was given. if test "${with_qt_includes+set}" = set; then withval="$with_qt_includes" ac_qt_includes="$withval" fi; kde_qt_libs_given=no # Check whether --with-qt-libraries or --without-qt-libraries was given. if test "${with_qt_libraries+set}" = set; then withval="$with_qt_libraries" ac_qt_libraries="$withval" kde_qt_libs_given=yes fi; if test "${ac_cv_have_qt+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else #try to guess Qt locations qt_incdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_incdirs="$qt_incdirs $dir/include $dir" done qt_incdirs="$QTINC $qt_incdirs /usr/local/qt/include /usr/include/qt /usr/include /usr/X11R6/include/X11/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt2 $x_includes" if test ! "$ac_qt_includes" = "NO"; then qt_incdirs="$ac_qt_includes $qt_incdirs" fi if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then kde_qt_header=qstyle.h else kde_qt_header=qglobal.h fi qt_incdir=NO for i in $qt_incdirs; do for j in $kde_qt_header; do echo "configure: 8222: $i/$j" >&5 if test -r "$i/$j"; then echo "taking that" >&5 qt_incdir=$i break 2 fi done done ac_qt_includes="$qt_incdir" qt_libdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_libdirs="$qt_libdirs $dir/lib $dir" done qt_libdirs="$QTLIB $qt_libdirs /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/lib /usr/local/qt/lib $x_libraries" if test ! "$ac_qt_libraries" = "NO"; then qt_libdir=$ac_qt_libraries else qt_libdirs="$ac_qt_libraries $qt_libdirs" # if the Qt was given, the chance is too big that libqt.* doesn't exist qt_libdir=NONE for dir in $qt_libdirs; do try="ls -1 $dir/${LIBQT_GLOB}" if test -n "`$try 2> /dev/null`"; then qt_libdir=$dir; break; else echo "tried $dir" >&5 ; fi done fi ac_qt_libraries="$qt_libdir" ac_ext=cc ac_cpp='$CXXCPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CXX -c $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CXX -o conftest$ac_exeext $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&5' ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ac_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$qt_libdir $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBQT" cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include EOF if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < #include #include EOF if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < EOF fi fi echo "#if ! ($kde_qt_verstring)" >> conftest.$ac_ext cat >> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:8317: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && test -s conftest; then rm -f conftest* else echo "configure: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 ac_qt_libraries="NO" fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO || test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=no" ac_qt_notfound="" if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO; then if test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_qt_notfound="(headers and libraries)"; else ac_qt_notfound="(headers)"; fi else ac_qt_notfound="(libraries)"; fi { { echo "$as_me:8349: error: Qt ($kde_qt_minversion) $ac_qt_notfound not found. Please check your installation! For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&5 echo "$as_me: error: Qt ($kde_qt_minversion) $ac_qt_notfound not found. Please check your installation! For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } else have_qt="yes" fi fi eval "$ac_cv_have_qt" if test "$have_qt" != yes; then echo "$as_me:8363: result: $have_qt" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$have_qt" >&6; else ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=yes \ ac_qt_includes=$ac_qt_includes ac_qt_libraries=$ac_qt_libraries" echo "$as_me:8368: result: libraries $ac_qt_libraries, headers $ac_qt_includes $USING_QT_MT" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}libraries $ac_qt_libraries, headers $ac_qt_includes $USING_QT_MT" >&6 qt_libraries="$ac_qt_libraries" qt_includes="$ac_qt_includes" fi if test ! "$kde_qt_libs_given" = "yes"; then echo "$as_me:8377: checking if Qt compiles without flags" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking if Qt compiles without flags... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${kde_cv_qt_direct+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else ac_ext=cc ac_cpp='$CXXCPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CXX -c $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CXX -o conftest$ac_exeext $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&5' ac_LD_LIBRARY_PATH_safe=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH ac_LIBRARY_PATH="$LIBRARY_PATH" ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ac_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_includes" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBQT -lXext -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" LD_LIBRARY_PATH= export LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH= export LIBRARY_PATH cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include EOF if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < #include #include EOF if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < EOF fi fi echo "#if ! ($kde_qt_verstring)" >> conftest.$ac_ext cat >> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:8454: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && test -s conftest; then kde_cv_qt_direct="yes" else kde_cv_qt_direct="no" echo "configure: failed program was:" >&5 cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5 fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LD_LIBRARY_PATH_safe" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LIBRARY_PATH" export LIBRARY_PATH ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu fi if test "$kde_cv_qt_direct" = "yes"; then echo "$as_me:8481: result: yes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 qt_libraries= else echo "$as_me:8485: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi fi if test "$qt_includes" = "$x_includes" || test -z "$qt_includes"; then QT_INCLUDES=""; else QT_INCLUDES="-I$qt_includes" all_includes="$QT_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi if test "$qt_libraries" = "$x_libraries" || test -z "$qt_libraries"; then QT_LDFLAGS="" else QT_LDFLAGS="-L$qt_libraries" all_libraries="$all_libraries $QT_LDFLAGS" fi qt_bindirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs $dir/bin $dir/src/moc" done qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs /usr/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/local/qt/bin" if test ! "$ac_qt_bindir" = "NO"; then qt_bindirs="$ac_qt_bindir $qt_bindirs" fi echo "$as_me:8515: checking for moc" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for moc... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test -n "$MOC"; then kde_cv_path="$MOC"; else kde_cache=`echo moc | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` if eval "test \"\${kde_cv_path_$kde_cache+set}\" = set"; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else kde_cv_path="NONE" dirs="$qt_bindirs" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/moc"; then if test -n "" then evalstr="$dir/moc 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/moc" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/moc" break fi fi done eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" fi eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" fi if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then echo "$as_me:8560: result: not found" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}not found" >&6 { { echo "$as_me:8563: error: No Qt meta object compiler (moc) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running moc binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_moc and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable MOC to the right one before running configure. " >&5 echo "$as_me: error: No Qt meta object compiler (moc) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running moc binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_moc and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable MOC to the right one before running configure. " >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } else echo "$as_me:8582: result: $kde_cv_path" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$kde_cv_path" >&6 MOC=$kde_cv_path fi if test -z "$UIC_NOT_NEEDED"; then echo "$as_me:8590: checking for uic" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for uic... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test -n "$UIC"; then kde_cv_path="$UIC"; else kde_cache=`echo uic | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` if eval "test \"\${kde_cv_path_$kde_cache+set}\" = set"; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else kde_cv_path="NONE" dirs="$qt_bindirs" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/uic"; then if test -n "" then evalstr="$dir/uic 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/uic" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/uic" break fi fi done eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" fi eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" fi if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then echo "$as_me:8635: result: not found" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}not found" >&6 UIC="" else echo "$as_me:8639: result: $kde_cv_path" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$kde_cv_path" >&6 UIC=$kde_cv_path fi if test -z "$UIC" ; then { echo "$as_me:8647: WARNING: No Qt ui compiler (uic) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running uic binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_uic and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable UIC to the right one before running configure. " >&5 echo "$as_me: WARNING: No Qt ui compiler (uic) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running uic binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_uic and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable UIC to the right one before running configure. " >&2;} exit 1 fi else UIC="echo uic not available: " fi UIC_TR="i18n" if test $kde_qtver = 3; then UIC_TR="QT_KDE_I18N" fi LIB_QT="$kde_int_qt "'$(LIBPNG) $(LIBJPEG) -lXext $(LIB_X11) $(LIBSM)' echo "$as_me:8677: checking for rpath" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for rpath... $ECHO_C" >&6 # Check whether --enable-rpath or --disable-rpath was given. if test "${enable_rpath+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_rpath" USE_RPATH=$enableval else USE_RPATH=yes fi; if test -z "$KDE_RPATH" && test "$USE_RPATH" = "yes"; then KDE_RPATH="-R \$(kde_libraries)" if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(qt_libraries)" fi if test -n "$X_LDFLAGS"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(x_libraries)" fi if test -n "$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH \$(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH)" fi fi echo "$as_me:8702: result: $USE_RPATH" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$USE_RPATH" >&6 echo "$as_me:8705: checking for KDE" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for KDE... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test "${prefix}" != NONE; then kde_includes=${prefix}/include ac_kde_includes=$prefix/include if test "${exec_prefix}" != NONE; then kde_libraries=${exec_prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$exec_prefix/lib else kde_libraries=${prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$prefix/lib fi else ac_kde_includes= ac_kde_libraries= kde_libraries="" kde_includes="" fi if test "${ac_cv_have_kde+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else #try to guess kde locations if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_check_header="ksock.h" kde_check_lib="libkdecore.la" else kde_check_header="ksharedptr.h" kde_check_lib="libkio.la" fi if test -z ""; then kde_incdirs="/usr/lib/kde/include /usr/local/kde/include /usr/local/include /usr/kde/include /usr/include/kde /usr/include /opt/kde2/include /opt/kde/include $x_includes $qt_includes" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_incdirs="$KDEDIR/include $KDEDIR/include/kde $KDEDIR $kde_incdirs" kde_incdirs="$ac_kde_includes $kde_incdirs" kde_incdir=NO for i in $kde_incdirs; do for j in $kde_check_header; do echo "configure: 8750: $i/$j" >&5 if test -r "$i/$j"; then echo "taking that" >&5 kde_incdir=$i break 2 fi done done ac_kde_includes="$kde_incdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_includes" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_includes/$kde_check_header"; then { { echo "$as_me:8762: error: in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE headers installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE headers installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi kde_libdirs="/usr/lib/kde/lib /usr/local/kde/lib /usr/kde/lib /usr/lib/kde /usr/lib /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib /opt/kde2/lib /opt/kde/lib /usr/X11R6/kde/lib" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_libdirs="$KDEDIR/lib $KDEDIR $kde_libdirs" kde_libdirs="$ac_kde_libraries $kde_libdirs" kde_libdir=NO for i in $kde_libdirs; do for j in $kde_check_lib; do echo "configure: 8780: $i/$j" >&5 if test -r "$i/$j"; then echo "taking that" >&5 kde_libdir=$i break 2 fi done done ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_libraries" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_libraries/$kde_check_lib"; then { { echo "$as_me:8792: error: in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE libraries installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE libraries installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test "$ac_kde_includes" = NO || test "$ac_kde_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" fi else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" fi fi eval "$ac_cv_have_kde" if test "$have_kde" != "yes"; then if test "${prefix}" = NONE; then ac_kde_prefix="$ac_default_prefix" else ac_kde_prefix="$prefix" fi if test "$exec_prefix" = NONE; then ac_kde_exec_prefix="$ac_kde_prefix" echo "$as_me:8826: result: will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix" >&6 else ac_kde_exec_prefix="$exec_prefix" echo "$as_me:8830: result: will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix and $ac_kde_exec_prefix" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix and $ac_kde_exec_prefix" >&6 fi kde_libraries="${ac_kde_exec_prefix}/lib" kde_includes=${ac_kde_prefix}/include else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" echo "$as_me:8840: result: libraries $ac_kde_libraries, headers $ac_kde_includes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}libraries $ac_kde_libraries, headers $ac_kde_includes" >&6 kde_libraries="$ac_kde_libraries" kde_includes="$ac_kde_includes" fi if test "$kde_includes" = "$x_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "$qt_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "/usr/include"; then KDE_INCLUDES="" else KDE_INCLUDES="-I$kde_includes" all_includes="$KDE_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi KDE_LDFLAGS="-L$kde_libraries" if test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$x_libraries" && test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$qt_libraries" ; then all_libraries="$all_libraries $KDE_LDFLAGS" fi all_libraries="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" all_includes="$all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" # Check whether --enable-path-check or --disable-path-check was given. if test "${enable_path_check+set}" = set; then enableval="$enable_path_check" if test "$enableval" = "no"; then ac_use_path_checking="default" else ac_use_path_checking="" fi else if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then ac_use_path_checking="" else ac_use_path_checking="default" fi fi; echo "$as_me:8880: checking for KDE paths" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for KDE paths... $ECHO_C" >&6 kde_result="" kde_cached_paths=yes if test "${kde_cv_all_paths+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else if test "$ac_use_path_checking" = "default"; then if test -z "$kde_htmldir"; then kde_htmldir='\${prefix}/share/doc/HTML' fi if test -z "$kde_appsdir"; then kde_appsdir='\${prefix}/share/applnk' fi if test -z "$kde_icondir"; then kde_icondir='\${prefix}/share/icons' fi if test -z "$kde_sounddir"; then kde_sounddir='\${prefix}/share/sounds' fi if test -z "$kde_datadir"; then kde_datadir='\${prefix}/share/apps' fi if test -z "$kde_locale"; then kde_locale='\${prefix}/share/locale' fi if test -z "$kde_cgidir"; then kde_cgidir='\${exec_prefix}/cgi-bin' fi if test -z "$kde_confdir"; then kde_confdir='\${prefix}/share/config' fi if test -z "$kde_mimedir"; then kde_mimedir='\${prefix}/share/mimelnk' fi if test -z "$kde_toolbardir"; then kde_toolbardir='\${prefix}/share/toolbar' fi if test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir"; then kde_wallpaperdir='\${prefix}/share/wallpapers' fi if test -z "$kde_templatesdir"; then kde_templatesdir='\${prefix}/share/templates' fi if test -z "$kde_bindir"; then kde_bindir='\${exec_prefix}/bin' fi if test -z "$kde_servicesdir"; then kde_servicesdir='\${prefix}/share/services' fi if test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir"; then kde_servicetypesdir='\${prefix}/share/servicetypes' fi if test -z "$kde_moduledir"; then kde_moduledir='\${exec_prefix}/lib/kde2' fi kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_templatesdir=\"$kde_templatesdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_moduledir=\"$kde_moduledir\" \ kde_result=defaults" else if test $kde_qtver = 1; then echo "$as_me:8961: result: compiling" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}compiling" >&6 echo "$as_me:8964: checking for KDE headers installed" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for KDE headers installed... $ECHO_C" >&6 ac_ext=cc ac_cpp='$CXXCPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CXX -c $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CXX -o conftest$ac_exeext $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&5' cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include "confdefs.h" #include int main() { printf("kde_htmldir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_htmldir().data()); printf("kde_appsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_appsdir().data()); printf("kde_icondir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_icondir().data()); printf("kde_sounddir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_sounddir().data()); printf("kde_datadir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_datadir().data()); printf("kde_locale=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_localedir().data()); printf("kde_cgidir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_cgidir().data()); printf("kde_confdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_configdir().data()); printf("kde_mimedir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_mimedir().data()); printf("kde_toolbardir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_toolbardir().data()); printf("kde_wallpaperdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_wallpaperdir().data()); printf("kde_bindir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_bindir().data()); printf("kde_partsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_partsdir().data()); printf("kde_servicesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_servicetypesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_moduledir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); return 0; } EOF ac_compile='${CXX-g++} -c $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext' if { (eval echo "$as_me:9006: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:9009: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; then echo "$as_me:9011: result: yes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 else { { echo "$as_me:9014: error: your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! Check, if you installed the KDE header files correctly. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&5 echo "$as_me: error: your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! Check, if you installed the KDE header files correctly. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu KDE_TEST_RPATH= if test -n "$USE_RPATH"; then if test -n "$kde_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="-R $kde_libraries" fi if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $qt_libraries" fi if test -n "$x_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $x_libraries" fi KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH $KDE_EXTRA_RPATH" fi echo "$as_me:9048: checking for KDE libraries installed" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for KDE libraries installed... $ECHO_C" >&6 ac_link='$LIBTOOL_SHELL --silent --mode=link ${CXX-g++} -o conftest $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $all_libraries conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS -lkdecore $LIBQT $KDE_TEST_RPATH 1>&5' if { (eval echo "$as_me:9052: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:9055: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && test -s conftest; then echo "$as_me:9057: result: yes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 else { { echo "$as_me:9060: error: your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&5 echo "$as_me: error: your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi if eval `KDEDIR= ./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_result=done else kde_result=problems fi KDEDIR= ./conftest 2> /dev/null >&5 # make an echo for config.log kde_have_all_paths=yes kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_templatesdir=\"$kde_templatesdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_moduledir=\"$kde_moduledir\" \ kde_result=$kde_result" else { { echo "$as_me:9100: error: path checking not yet supported for KDE 2" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: path checking not yet supported for KDE 2" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi fi kde_cached_paths=no fi eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" if test -z "$kde_htmldir" || test -z "$kde_appsdir" || test -z "$kde_icondir" || test -z "$kde_sounddir" || test -z "$kde_datadir" || test -z "$kde_locale" || test -z "$kde_cgidir" || test -z "$kde_confdir" || test -z "$kde_mimedir" || test -z "$kde_toolbardir" || test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir" || test -z "$kde_templatesdir" || test -z "$kde_bindir" || test -z "$kde_servicesdir" || test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir" || test -z "$kde_moduledir" || test "$kde_have_all_paths" != "yes"; then kde_have_all_paths=no fi if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no" && test "$kde_cached_paths" = "yes"; then # wrong values were cached, may be, we can set better ones kde_result= kde_htmldir= kde_appsdir= kde_icondir= kde_sounddir= kde_datadir= kde_locale= kde_cgidir= kde_confdir= kde_mimedir= kde_toolbardir= kde_wallpaperdir= kde_templatesdir= kde_bindir= kde_servicesdir= kde_servicetypesdir= kde_moduledir= kde_have_all_paths= if test "$ac_use_path_checking" = "default"; then if test -z "$kde_htmldir"; then kde_htmldir='\${prefix}/share/doc/HTML' fi if test -z "$kde_appsdir"; then kde_appsdir='\${prefix}/share/applnk' fi if test -z "$kde_icondir"; then kde_icondir='\${prefix}/share/icons' fi if test -z "$kde_sounddir"; then kde_sounddir='\${prefix}/share/sounds' fi if test -z "$kde_datadir"; then kde_datadir='\${prefix}/share/apps' fi if test -z "$kde_locale"; then kde_locale='\${prefix}/share/locale' fi if test -z "$kde_cgidir"; then kde_cgidir='\${exec_prefix}/cgi-bin' fi if test -z "$kde_confdir"; then kde_confdir='\${prefix}/share/config' fi if test -z "$kde_mimedir"; then kde_mimedir='\${prefix}/share/mimelnk' fi if test -z "$kde_toolbardir"; then kde_toolbardir='\${prefix}/share/toolbar' fi if test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir"; then kde_wallpaperdir='\${prefix}/share/wallpapers' fi if test -z "$kde_templatesdir"; then kde_templatesdir='\${prefix}/share/templates' fi if test -z "$kde_bindir"; then kde_bindir='\${exec_prefix}/bin' fi if test -z "$kde_servicesdir"; then kde_servicesdir='\${prefix}/share/services' fi if test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir"; then kde_servicetypesdir='\${prefix}/share/servicetypes' fi if test -z "$kde_moduledir"; then kde_moduledir='\${exec_prefix}/lib/kde2' fi kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_templatesdir=\"$kde_templatesdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_moduledir=\"$kde_moduledir\" \ kde_result=defaults" else if test $kde_qtver = 1; then echo "$as_me:9206: result: compiling" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}compiling" >&6 echo "$as_me:9209: checking for KDE headers installed" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for KDE headers installed... $ECHO_C" >&6 ac_ext=cc ac_cpp='$CXXCPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CXX -c $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CXX -o conftest$ac_exeext $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&5' cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include "confdefs.h" #include int main() { printf("kde_htmldir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_htmldir().data()); printf("kde_appsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_appsdir().data()); printf("kde_icondir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_icondir().data()); printf("kde_sounddir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_sounddir().data()); printf("kde_datadir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_datadir().data()); printf("kde_locale=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_localedir().data()); printf("kde_cgidir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_cgidir().data()); printf("kde_confdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_configdir().data()); printf("kde_mimedir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_mimedir().data()); printf("kde_toolbardir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_toolbardir().data()); printf("kde_wallpaperdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_wallpaperdir().data()); printf("kde_bindir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_bindir().data()); printf("kde_partsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_partsdir().data()); printf("kde_servicesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_servicetypesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_moduledir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); return 0; } EOF ac_compile='${CXX-g++} -c $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext' if { (eval echo "$as_me:9251: \"$ac_compile\"") >&5 (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:9254: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); }; then echo "$as_me:9256: result: yes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 else { { echo "$as_me:9259: error: your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! Check, if you installed the KDE header files correctly. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&5 echo "$as_me: error: your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! Check, if you installed the KDE header files correctly. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi ac_ext=c ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS' ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5' ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5' ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu KDE_TEST_RPATH= if test -n "$USE_RPATH"; then if test -n "$kde_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="-R $kde_libraries" fi if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $qt_libraries" fi if test -n "$x_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $x_libraries" fi KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH $KDE_EXTRA_RPATH" fi echo "$as_me:9293: checking for KDE libraries installed" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for KDE libraries installed... $ECHO_C" >&6 ac_link='$LIBTOOL_SHELL --silent --mode=link ${CXX-g++} -o conftest $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $all_libraries conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS -lkdecore $LIBQT $KDE_TEST_RPATH 1>&5' if { (eval echo "$as_me:9297: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 (eval $ac_link) 2>&5 ac_status=$? echo "$as_me:9300: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 (exit $ac_status); } && test -s conftest; then echo "$as_me:9302: result: yes" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 else { { echo "$as_me:9305: error: your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&5 echo "$as_me: error: your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log." >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi if eval `KDEDIR= ./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_result=done else kde_result=problems fi KDEDIR= ./conftest 2> /dev/null >&5 # make an echo for config.log kde_have_all_paths=yes kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_templatesdir=\"$kde_templatesdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_moduledir=\"$kde_moduledir\" \ kde_result=$kde_result" else { { echo "$as_me:9345: error: path checking not yet supported for KDE 2" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: path checking not yet supported for KDE 2" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi fi eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" if test -z "$kde_htmldir" || test -z "$kde_appsdir" || test -z "$kde_icondir" || test -z "$kde_sounddir" || test -z "$kde_datadir" || test -z "$kde_locale" || test -z "$kde_cgidir" || test -z "$kde_confdir" || test -z "$kde_mimedir" || test -z "$kde_toolbardir" || test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir" || test -z "$kde_templatesdir" || test -z "$kde_bindir" || test -z "$kde_servicesdir" || test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir" || test -z "$kde_moduledir" || test "$kde_have_all_paths" != "yes"; then kde_have_all_paths=no fi kde_result="$kde_result (cache overridden)" fi if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no"; then { { echo "$as_me:9368: error: configure could not run a little KDE program to test the environment. Since it had compiled and linked before, it must be a strange problem on your system. Look at config.log for details. If you are not able to fix this, look at http://www.kde.org/faq/installation.html or any www.kde.org mirror. (If you're using an egcs version on Linux, you may update binutils!) " >&5 echo "$as_me: error: configure could not run a little KDE program to test the environment. Since it had compiled and linked before, it must be a strange problem on your system. Look at config.log for details. If you are not able to fix this, look at http://www.kde.org/faq/installation.html or any www.kde.org mirror. (If you're using an egcs version on Linux, you may update binutils!) " >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } else rm -f conftest* echo "$as_me:9383: result: $kde_result" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$kde_result" >&6 fi bindir=$kde_bindir kde_default_bindirs="/usr/bin /usr/local/bin /opt/local/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /opt/kde/bin /opt/kde2/bin /usr/kde/bin /usr/local/kde/bin" if test -n "$KDEDIRS"; then kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=: for dir in $KDEDIRS; do kde_default_bindirs="$dir/bin $kde_default_bindirs " done IFS=$kde_save_IFS fi kde_default_bindirs="$exec_prefix/bin $prefix/bin $kde_default_bindirs" echo "$as_me:9400: checking for dcopidl" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for dcopidl... $ECHO_C" >&6 if test -n "$DCOPIDL"; then kde_cv_path="$DCOPIDL"; else kde_cache=`echo dcopidl | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` if eval "test \"\${kde_cv_path_$kde_cache+set}\" = set"; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else kde_cv_path="NONE" dirs="$kde_default_bindirs" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/dcopidl"; then if test -n "" then evalstr="$dir/dcopidl 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/dcopidl" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/dcopidl" break fi fi done eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" fi eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" fi if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then echo "$as_me:9445: result: not found" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}not found" >&6 { { echo "$as_me:9448: error: The important program dcopidl was not found! Please check whether you installed KDE correctly. " >&5 echo "$as_me: error: The important program dcopidl was not found! Please check whether you installed KDE correctly. 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See the GNU dnl Library General Public License for more details. dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License dnl along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to dnl the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, dnl Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. # Original Author was Kalle@kde.org # I lifted it in some mater. (Stephan Kulow) # I used much code from Janos Farkas dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_INIT(acinclude.m4) dnl a source file from your sub dir dnl This is so we can use kde-common AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(admin) dnl This ksh/zsh feature conflicts with `cd blah ; pwd` unset CDPATH dnl Checking host/target/build systems, for make, install etc. AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM dnl Perform program name transformation AC_ARG_PROGRAM dnl Automake doc recommends to do this only here. (Janos) AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(c_cpp_reference, 2.0.2) dnl searches for some needed programs KDE_SET_PREFIX dnl generate the config header AM_CONFIG_HEADER(config.h) dnl at the distribution this done dnl Checks for programs. AC_CHECK_COMPILERS AC_ENABLE_SHARED(yes) AC_ENABLE_STATIC(no) KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL dnl for NLS support. Call them in this order! dnl WITH_NLS is for the po files AM_KDE_WITH_NLS AC_PATH_KDE #MIN_CONFIG dnl PACKAGE set before KDE_CREATE_SUBDIRSLIST AC_OUTPUT( \ ./Makefile \ reference/Makefile \ reference/C/Makefile \ reference/C/CONCEPT/Makefile \ reference/C/CONTRIB/Makefile \ reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/Makefile \ reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/Makefile \ reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/Makefile \ reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/Makefile \ reference/C/CONTRIB/YABL/Makefile \ reference/C/EXAMPLES/Makefile \ reference/C/FUNCTIONS/Makefile \ reference/C/GDB/Makefile \ reference/C/LIBRARIES/Makefile \ reference/C/MAN/Makefile \ reference/C/MISC/Makefile \ reference/C/MISC/CLASSES/Makefile \ reference/C/PROBLEMS/Makefile \ reference/C/SYNTAX/Makefile \ reference/C/TECHNIC/Makefile \ reference/C/X_EXAMPLES/Makefile \ reference/C/backup/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONTRIB/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONTRIB/GNU_STDLIB/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/FUNCTIONS/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/GDB/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/LIBRARIES/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/MISC/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/PROBLEMS/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/TECHNIC/Makefile \ reference/CPLUSPLUS/X_EXAMPLES/Makefile \ reference/GRAPHICS/Makefile \ ) c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/acinclude.m4.in0000644000076400001440000024246607244431672013123 ## -*- autoconf -*- dnl This file is part of the KDE libraries/packages dnl Copyright (C) 1997 Janos Farkas (chexum@shadow.banki.hu) dnl (C) 1997,98,99 Stephan Kulow (coolo@kde.org) dnl This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public dnl License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either dnl version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. dnl This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU dnl Library General Public License for more details. dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License dnl along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to dnl the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, dnl Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. dnl IMPORTANT NOTE: dnl Please do not modify this file unless you expect your modifications to be dnl carried into every other module in the repository. If you decide that you dnl really want to modify it, contact coolo@kde.org mentioning that you have dnl and that the modified file should be committed to every module. dnl dnl Single-module modifications are best placed in configure.in for kdelibs dnl and kdebase or configure.in.in if present. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find a file (or one of more files in a list of dirs) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_FILE, [ $3=NO for i in $2; do for j in $1; do if test -r "$i/$j"; then $3=$i break 2 fi done done ]) dnl KDE_FIND_PATH(programm-name, variable-name, list of directories, dnl if-not-found, test-parameter) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_PATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $1]) kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_path_$kde_cache, [ kde_cv_path="NONE" if test -n "$$2"; then kde_cv_path="$$2"; else dirs="$3" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/$1"; then if test -n "$5" then evalstr="$dir/$1 $5 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi fi done fi eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" ]) eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) $4 else AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_path) $2=$kde_cv_path fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE, [ AC_MSG_ERROR([No Qt meta object compiler (moc) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running moc binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_moc and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable MOC to the right one before running configure. ]) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the meta object compiler in the PATH, in $QTDIR/bin, and some dnl more usual places dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_MOC, [ KDE_FIND_PATH(moc, MOC, [$ac_qt_bindir $QTDIR/bin $QTDIR/src/moc \ /usr/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/lib/qt/bin /usr/lib/qt2/bin \ /usr/local/qt/bin], [KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE]) if test -z "$MOC"; then if test -n "$ac_cv_path_moc"; then output=`eval "$ac_cv_path_moc --help 2>&1 | sed -e '1q' | grep Qt"` fi echo "configure:__oline__: tried to call $ac_cv_path_moc --help 2>&1 | sed -e '1q' | grep Qt" >&AC_FD_CC echo "configure:__oline__: moc output: $output" >&AC_FD_CC if test -z "$output"; then KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE fi fi AC_SUBST(MOC) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS, [ KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS KDE_TEST_RPATH= if test -n "$USE_RPATH"; then if test -n "$kde_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="-rpath $kde_libraries" fi if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -rpath $qt_libraries" fi if test -n "$x_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -rpath $x_libraries" fi KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH $KDE_EXTRA_RPATH" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE libraries installed]) ac_link='$LIBTOOL_SHELL --silent --mode=link ${CXX-g++} -o conftest $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $all_libraries conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS -lkdecore $LIBQT $KDE_TEST_RPATH 1>&5' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now]) fi if eval `KDEDIR= ./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_result=done else kde_result=problems fi KDEDIR= ./conftest 2> /dev/null >&5 # make an echo for config.log kde_have_all_paths=yes AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS KDE_SET_PATHS($kde_result) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PATHS, [ kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_result=$1" ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CREATE_KFSSTND, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_RPATH]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE paths]) kde_result="" AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_all_paths, [ if test "$1" = "default"; then if test -z "$kde_htmldir"; then kde_htmldir='\$(prefix)/share/doc/HTML' fi if test -z "$kde_appsdir"; then kde_appsdir='\$(prefix)/share/applnk' fi if test -z "$kde_icondir"; then kde_icondir='\$(prefix)/share/icons' fi if test -z "$kde_sounddir"; then kde_sounddir='\$(prefix)/share/sounds' fi if test -z "$kde_datadir"; then kde_datadir='\$(prefix)/share/apps' fi if test -z "$kde_locale"; then kde_locale='\$(prefix)/share/locale' fi if test -z "$kde_cgidir"; then kde_cgidir='\$(exec_prefix)/cgi-bin' fi if test -z "$kde_confdir"; then kde_confdir='\$(prefix)/share/config' fi if test -z "$kde_mimedir"; then kde_mimedir='\$(prefix)/share/mimelnk' fi if test -z "$kde_toolbardir"; then kde_toolbardir='\$(prefix)/share/toolbar' fi if test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir"; then kde_wallpaperdir='\$(prefix)/share/wallpapers' fi if test -z "$kde_bindir"; then kde_bindir='\$(exec_prefix)/bin' fi if test -z "$kde_servicesdir"; then kde_servicesdir='\$(prefix)/share/services' fi if test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir"; then kde_servicetypesdir='\$(prefix)/share/servicetypes' fi KDE_SET_PATHS(defaults) else if test $kde_qtver = 1; then AC_MSG_RESULT([compiling]) KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS else AC_MSG_ERROR([path checking not yet supported for KDE 2]) fi fi ]) eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" if test -z "$kde_htmldir" || test -z "$kde_appsdir" || test -z "$kde_icondir" || test -z "$kde_sounddir" || test -z "$kde_datadir" || test -z "$kde_locale" || test -z "$kde_cgidir" || test -z "$kde_confdir" || test -z "$kde_mimedir" || test -z "$kde_toolbardir" || test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir" || test -z "$kde_bindir" || test -z "$kde_servicesdir" || test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir" || test "$kde_have_all_paths" != "yes"; then kde_have_all_paths=no AC_MSG_ERROR([configure could not run a little KDE program to test the environment. Since it had compiled and linked before, it must be a strange problem on your system. Look at config.log for details. If you are not able to fix this, look at http://www.kde.org/faq/installation.html or any www.kde.org mirror. (If you're using an egcs version on Linux, you may update binutils!) ]) else rm -f conftest* AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_result) fi bindir=$kde_bindir ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_SUBST_KFSSTND, [ AC_SUBST(kde_htmldir) AC_SUBST(kde_appsdir) AC_SUBST(kde_icondir) AC_SUBST(kde_sounddir) AC_SUBST(kde_datadir) AC_SUBST(kde_locale) AC_SUBST(kde_cgidir) AC_SUBST(kde_confdir) AC_SUBST(kde_mimedir) AC_SUBST(kde_toolbardir) AC_SUBST(kde_wallpaperdir) AC_SUBST(kde_bindir) dnl for KDE 2 AC_SUBST(kde_servicesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_servicetypesdir) if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_minidir="$kde_icondir/mini" else # for KDE 1 - this breaks KDE2 apps using minidir, but # that's the plan ;-/ kde_minidir="/dev/null" fi AC_SUBST(kde_minidir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MISC_TESTS, [ AC_LANG_C dnl Checks for libraries. AC_CHECK_LIB(compat, main, [LIBCOMPAT="-lcompat"]) dnl for FreeBSD AC_SUBST(LIBCOMPAT) kde_have_crypt= AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt, [LIBCRYPT="-lcrypt"; kde_have_crypt=yes], AC_CHECK_LIB(c, crypt, [kde_have_crypt=yes], [ AC_MSG_WARN([you have no crypt in either libcrypt or libc. You should install libcrypt from another source or configure with PAM support]) kde_have_crypt=no ])) AC_SUBST(LIBCRYPT) if test $kde_have_crypt = yes; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_CRYPT, 1, [Defines if your system has the crypt function]) fi AC_CHECK_KSIZE_T AC_LANG_C AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet"]) if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet_stub, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet_stub"]) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(inet_ntoa) if test $ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(nsl, inet_ntoa, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl") fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(connect) if test $ac_cv_func_connect = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, connect, X_EXTRA_LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS", , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(remove) if test $ac_cv_func_remove = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(posix, remove, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lposix") fi # BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 needs -lipc for XOpenDisplay. AC_CHECK_FUNC(shmat) if test $ac_cv_func_shmat = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(ipc, shmat, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lipc") fi LIBSOCKET="$X_EXTRA_LIBS" AC_SUBST(LIBSOCKET) AC_SUBST(X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_CHECK_LIB(ucb, killpg, [LIBUCB="-lucb"]) dnl for Solaris2.4 AC_SUBST(LIBUCB) case $host in dnl this *is* LynxOS specific *-*-lynxos* ) AC_MSG_CHECKING([LynxOS header file wrappers]) [CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -D__NO_INCLUDE_WARN__"] AC_MSG_RESULT(disabled) AC_CHECK_LIB(bsd, gethostbyname, [LIBSOCKET="-lbsd"]) dnl for LynxOS ;; esac AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_CHECK_BOOL ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the header files and libraries for X-Windows. Extended the dnl macro AC_PATH_X dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(K_PATH_X, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CPP]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for X) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_x, [# One or both of the vars are not set, and there is no cached value. if test "{$x_includes+set}" = set || test "$x_includes" = NONE; then kde_x_includes=NO else kde_x_includes=$x_includes fi if test "{$x_libraries+set}" = set || test "$x_libraries" = NONE; then kde_x_libraries=NO else kde_x_libraries=$x_libraries fi # below we use the standard autoconf calls ac_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries ac_x_includes=$kde_x_includes AC_PATH_X_DIRECT AC_PATH_X_XMKMF if test -z "$ac_x_includes"; then ac_x_includes="." fi if test -z "$ac_x_libraries"; then ac_x_libraries="/usr/lib" fi #from now on we use our own again # when the user already gave --x-includes, we ignore # what the standard autoconf macros told us. if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then kde_x_includes=$ac_x_includes fi if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X includes. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi if test "$ac_x_libraries" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X libraries. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi # Record where we found X for the cache. ac_cv_have_x="have_x=yes \ kde_x_includes=$kde_x_includes ac_x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries" ])dnl eval "$ac_cv_have_x" if test "$have_x" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT($have_x) no_x=yes else AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_x_libraries, headers $kde_x_includes]) fi if test -z "$kde_x_includes" || test "x$kde_x_includes" = xNONE; then X_INCLUDES="" x_includes="."; dnl better than nothing :- else x_includes=$kde_x_includes X_INCLUDES="-I$x_includes" fi if test -z "$ac_x_libraries" || test "x$ac_x_libraries" = xNONE; then X_LDFLAGS="" x_libraries="/usr/lib"; dnl better than nothing :- else x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries X_LDFLAGS="-L$x_libraries" fi all_includes="$X_INCLUDES" all_libraries="$X_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(X_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(x_libraries) AC_SUBST(x_includes) # Check for libraries that X11R6 Xt/Xaw programs need. ac_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" test -n "$x_libraries" && LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$x_libraries" # SM needs ICE to (dynamically) link under SunOS 4.x (so we have to # check for ICE first), but we must link in the order -lSM -lICE or # we get undefined symbols. So assume we have SM if we have ICE. # These have to be linked with before -lX11, unlike the other # libraries we check for below, so use a different variable. # --interran@uluru.Stanford.EDU, kb@cs.umb.edu. AC_CHECK_LIB(ICE, IceConnectionNumber, [LIBSM="$X_PRELIBS -lSM"], , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_SUBST(LIBSM) LDFLAGS="$ac_save_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_PRE_LIBS) LIB_X11='-lX11 $(LIBSOCKET)' AC_SUBST(LIB_X11) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for libXext) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_libXext, [ kde_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="-lXext -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include ], [ printf("hello Xext\n"); ], kde_cv_have_libXext=yes, kde_cv_have_libXext=no ) LDFLAGS=$kde_ldflags_safe LIBS=$kde_libs_safe ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_have_libXext) if test "kde_cv_have_libXext" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([We need a working libXext to proceed. Since configure can't find it itself, we stop here assuming that make wouldn't find them either.]) fi ]) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include #include #include EOF if test "$kde_qtver" = "2"; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < #include EOF if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < EOF fi fi echo "#if ! ($kde_qt_verstring)" >> conftest.$ac_ext cat >> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LD_LIBRARY_PATH_safe" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LIBRARY_PATH" export LIBRARY_PATH AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "$kde_cv_qt_direct" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Try to find the Qt headers and libraries. dnl $(QT_LDFLAGS) will be -Lqtliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(QT_INCLUDES) will be -Iqthdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_1_3, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) LIBQT="-lqt" if test $kde_qtver = 2; then AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_PNG]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $LIBPNG" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Qt]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $X_PRE_LIBS -lXext -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" ac_qt_includes=NO ac_qt_libraries=NO ac_qt_bindir=NO qt_libraries="" qt_includes="" AC_ARG_WITH(qt-dir, [ --with-qt-dir=DIR where the root of Qt is installed ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval"/include ac_qt_libraries="$withval"/lib ac_qt_bindir="$withval"/bin ]) AC_ARG_WITH(qt-includes, [ --with-qt-includes=DIR where the Qt includes are. ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval" ]) kde_qt_libs_given=no AC_ARG_WITH(qt-libraries, [ --with-qt-libraries=DIR where the Qt library is installed.], [ ac_qt_libraries="$withval" kde_qt_libs_given=yes ]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_qt, [#try to guess Qt locations qt_incdirs="$QTINC /usr/lib/qt/include /usr/local/qt/include /usr/include/qt /usr/include /usr/lib/qt2/include /usr/X11R6/include/X11/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt $x_includes" test -n "$QTDIR" && qt_incdirs="$QTDIR/include $QTDIR $qt_incdirs" qt_incdirs="$ac_qt_includes $qt_incdirs" if test "$kde_qtver" = "2"; then kde_qt_header=qstyle.h else kde_qt_header=qglobal.h fi AC_FIND_FILE($kde_qt_header, $qt_incdirs, qt_incdir) ac_qt_includes="$qt_incdir" qt_libdirs="$QTLIB /usr/lib/qt/lib /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/lib /usr/local/qt/lib /usr/lib/qt /usr/lib/qt2/lib $x_libraries" test -n "$QTDIR" && qt_libdirs="$QTDIR/lib $QTDIR $qt_libdirs" if test ! "$ac_qt_libraries" = "NO"; then qt_libdirs="$ac_qt_libraries $qt_libdirs" fi test=NONE qt_libdir=NONE for dir in $qt_libdirs; do try="ls -1 $dir/libqt.*" if test -n "`$try 2> /dev/null`"; then qt_libdir=$dir; break; else echo "tried $dir" >&AC_FD_CC ; fi done ac_qt_libraries="$qt_libdir" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ac_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" LDFLAGS="-L$qt_libdir $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBQT" KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then rm -f conftest* else echo "configure: failed program was:" >&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC ac_qt_libraries="NO" fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" AC_LANG_RESTORE if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO || test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=no" ac_qt_notfound="" if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO; then if test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_qt_notfound="(headers and libraries)"; else ac_qt_notfound="(headers)"; fi else ac_qt_notfound="(libraries)"; fi AC_MSG_ERROR([Qt ($kde_qt_minversion) $ac_qt_notfound not found. Please check your installation! ]); else have_qt="yes" fi ]) eval "$ac_cv_have_qt" if test "$have_qt" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$have_qt]); else ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=yes \ ac_qt_includes=$ac_qt_includes ac_qt_libraries=$ac_qt_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_qt_libraries, headers $ac_qt_includes]) qt_libraries="$ac_qt_libraries" qt_includes="$ac_qt_includes" fi if test ! "$kde_qt_libs_given" = "yes"; then KDE_CHECK_QT_DIRECT(qt_libraries= ,[]) fi AC_SUBST(qt_libraries) AC_SUBST(qt_includes) if test "$qt_includes" = "$x_includes" || test -z "$qt_includes"; then QT_INCLUDES=""; else QT_INCLUDES="-I$qt_includes" all_includes="$QT_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi if test "$qt_libraries" = "$x_libraries" || test -z "$qt_libraries"; then QT_LDFLAGS="" else QT_LDFLAGS="-L$qt_libraries" all_libraries="$all_libraries $QT_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(QT_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(QT_LDFLAGS) AC_PATH_QT_MOC LIB_QT='-lqt $(LIBPNG) -lXext $(LIB_X11) $(X_PRE_LIBS)' AC_SUBST(LIB_QT) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT, [ AC_PATH_QT_1_3 ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_FINAL, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(final, [ --enable-final build size optimized apps (needs lots of memory)], kde_use_final=$enableval, kde_use_final=no) if test "x$kde_use_final" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="#" KDE_CHECK_REPO else KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE) AC_ARG_ENABLE(closure, [ --disable-closure do not compile link tests], kde_use_closure=$enableval, kde_use_closure=yes) if test "x$kde_use_closure" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="#" KDE_COMPILER_REPO # CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $REPO" else KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Now, the same with KDE dnl $(KDE_LDFLAGS) will be the kdeliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(kde_includes) will be the kdehdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_BASE_PATH_KDE, [ AC_PREREQ([2.13]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_PATH_QT])dnl AC_CHECK_RPATH AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE]) if test "${prefix}" != NONE; then kde_includes=${prefix}/include ac_kde_includes=$prefix/include if test "${exec_prefix}" != NONE; then kde_libraries=${exec_prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$exec_prefix/lib else kde_libraries=${prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$prefix/lib fi else ac_kde_includes= ac_kde_libraries= kde_libraries="" kde_includes="" fi AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_kde, [#try to guess kde locations if test -z "$1"; then kde_incdirs="/usr/lib/kde/include /usr/local/kde/include /usr/kde/include /usr/include/kde /usr/include /opt/kde/include $x_includes $qt_includes" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_incdirs="$KDEDIR/include $KDEDIR $kde_incdirs" kde_incdirs="$ac_kde_includes $kde_incdirs" AC_FIND_FILE(ksock.h, $kde_incdirs, kde_incdir) ac_kde_includes="$kde_incdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_includes" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_includes/ksock.h"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE headers installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi kde_libdirs="/usr/lib/kde/lib /usr/local/kde/lib /usr/kde/lib /usr/lib/kde /usr/lib /usr/X11R6/lib /opt/kde/lib /usr/X11R6/kde/lib" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_libdirs="$KDEDIR/lib $KDEDIR $kde_libdirs" kde_libdirs="$ac_kde_libraries $kde_libdirs" AC_FIND_FILE(libkdecore.la, $kde_libdirs, kde_libdir) ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_libraries" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_libraries/libkdecore.la"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE libraries installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test "$ac_kde_includes" = NO || test "$ac_kde_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" fi else dnl test -z $1 ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" fi ])dnl eval "$ac_cv_have_kde" if test "$have_kde" != "yes"; then if test "${prefix}" = NONE; then ac_kde_prefix="$ac_default_prefix" else ac_kde_prefix="$prefix" fi if test "$exec_prefix" = NONE; then ac_kde_exec_prefix="$ac_kde_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix]) else ac_kde_exec_prefix="$exec_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix and $ac_kde_exec_prefix]) fi kde_libraries="${ac_kde_exec_prefix}/lib" kde_includes=${ac_kde_prefix}/include else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_kde_libraries, headers $ac_kde_includes]) kde_libraries="$ac_kde_libraries" kde_includes="$ac_kde_includes" fi AC_SUBST(kde_libraries) AC_SUBST(kde_includes) if test "$kde_includes" = "$x_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "$qt_includes" ; then KDE_INCLUDES="" else KDE_INCLUDES="-I$kde_includes" all_includes="$KDE_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi if test "$kde_libraries" = "$x_libraries" || test "$kde_libraries" = "$qt_libraries" ; then KDE_LDFLAGS="" else KDE_LDFLAGS="-L$kde_libraries" all_libraries="$all_libraries $KDE_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(KDE_INCLUDES) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) all_libraries="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" all_includes="$all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_SUBST(all_includes) AC_SUBST(all_libraries) AC_SUBST(AUTODIRS) if test -z "$DCOPIDL"; then DCOPIDL='$(kde_bindir)/dcopidl' fi if test -z "$DCOPIDL2CPP"; then DCOPIDL2CPP='$(kde_bindir)/dcopidl2cpp' fi DCOP_DEPENDENCIES='$(DCOPIDL)' AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL) AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL2CPP) AC_SUBST(DCOP_DEPENDENCIES) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra includes) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-includes, [ --with-extra-includes=DIR adds non standard include paths], kde_use_extra_includes="$withval", kde_use_extra_includes=NONE ) kde_extra_includes= if test -n "$kde_use_extra_includes" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_includes" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_includes; do kde_extra_includes="$kde_extra_includes $dir" USER_INCLUDES="$USER_INCLUDES -I$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_includes="added" else kde_use_extra_includes="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_INCLUDES) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_includes) kde_extra_libs= AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra libs) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-libs, [ --with-extra-libs=DIR adds non standard library paths], kde_use_extra_libs=$withval, kde_use_extra_libs=NONE ) if test -n "$kde_use_extra_libs" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_libs" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_libs; do kde_extra_libs="$kde_extra_libs $dir" KDE_EXTRA_RPATH="$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH -rpath $dir" USER_LDFLAGS="$USER_LDFLAGS -L$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_libs="added" else kde_use_extra_libs="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_LDFLAGS) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_libs) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE headers installed]) AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include "confdefs.h" #include int main() { printf("kde_htmldir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_htmldir().data()); printf("kde_appsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_appsdir().data()); printf("kde_icondir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_icondir().data()); printf("kde_sounddir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_sounddir().data()); printf("kde_datadir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_datadir().data()); printf("kde_locale=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_localedir().data()); printf("kde_cgidir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_cgidir().data()); printf("kde_confdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_configdir().data()); printf("kde_mimedir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_mimedir().data()); printf("kde_toolbardir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_toolbardir().data()); printf("kde_wallpaperdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_wallpaperdir().data()); printf("kde_bindir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_bindir().data()); printf("kde_partsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_partsdir().data()); printf("kde_servicesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_servicetypesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); return 0; } EOF ac_compile='${CXX-g++} -c $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! Check, if you installed the KDE header files correctly.]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_KIMGIO, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_BASE_PATH_KDE]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_TIFF]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_PNG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES]) if test "$1" = "existance"; then AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries $LIBJPEG $LIBTIFF $LIBPNG $LIBQT -lm" AC_CHECK_LIB(kimgio, kimgioRegister, [ LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS=yes],LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS=no) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" AC_LANG_RESTORE else LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS=yes fi if test "$LIBKIMGIO_EXISTS" = "yes"; then LIB_KIMGIO='-lkimgio' else LIB_KIMGIO='' fi AC_SUBST(LIB_KIMGIO) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) if test $kde_qtver = 2; then LIB_KDECORE='-lkdecore' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDECORE) LIB_KDEUI='-lkdeui' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDEUI) LIB_KFORMULA='-lkformula' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFORMULA) LIB_KIO='-lkio' AC_SUBST(LIB_KIO) LIB_KSYCOCA='-lksycoca' AC_SUBST(LIB_KSYCOCA) LIB_SMB='-lsmb' AC_SUBST(LIB_SMB) LIB_KFILE='-lkfile' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFILE) LIB_KAB='-lkab' AC_SUBST(LIB_KAB) LIB_MEDIATOOL='-lmediatool' AC_SUBST(LIB_MEDIATOOL) LIB_KHTML='-lkhtml' AC_SUBST(LIB_KHTML) LIB_KSPELL='-lkspell' AC_SUBST(LIB_KSPELL) LIB_KPARTS='-lkparts' AC_SUBST(LIB_KPARTS) else LIB_KDECORE='-lkdecore -lXext $(LIB_QT)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDECORE) LIB_KDEUI='-lkdeui $(LIB_KDECORE)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KDEUI) LIB_KFM='-lkfm $(LIB_KDECORE)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFM) LIB_KFILE='-lkfile $(LIB_KFM) $(LIB_KDEUI)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KFILE) LIB_KAB='-lkab $(LIB_KIMGIO) $(LIB_KDECORE)' AC_SUBST(LIB_KAB) LIB_MEDIATOOL='-lmediatool $(LIB_KDECORE)' AC_SUBST(LIB_MEDIATOOL) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_KDE, [ AC_BASE_PATH_KDE AC_ARG_ENABLE(path-check, [ --disable-path-check don't try to find out, where to install], [ if test "$enableval" = "no"; then ac_use_path_checking="default" else ac_use_path_checking="" fi ], [ if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then ac_use_path_checking="" else ac_use_path_checking="default" fi ] ) AC_CREATE_KFSSTND($ac_use_path_checking) AC_SUBST_KFSSTND KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES ]) dnl slightly changed version of AC_CHECK_FUNC(setenv) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_SETENV, [AC_MSG_CHECKING([for setenv]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_setenv, [AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK( dnl Don't include because on OSF/1 3.0 it includes dnl which includes which contains a prototype for dnl select. Similarly for bzero. [#include ]ifelse(AC_LANG, CPLUSPLUS, [#ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" #endif ])dnl [/* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ #include ], [ /* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */ #if defined (__stub_$1) || defined (__stub___$1) choke me #else setenv("TEST", "alle", 1); #endif ], eval "ac_cv_func_setenv=yes", eval "ac_cv_func_setenv=no")]) if test "$ac_cv_func_setenv" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_FUNC_SETENV, 1, [Define if you have setenv]) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETDOMAINNAME, [ AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING(for getdomainname) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_getdomainname, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; getdomainname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_getdomainname=yes, ac_cv_func_getdomainname=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_getdomainname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_getdomainname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETDOMAINNAME, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname]) fi CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETHOSTNAME, [ AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for gethostname]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_gethostname, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; gethostname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_gethostname=yes, ac_cv_func_gethostname=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_gethostname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_gethostname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETHOSTNAME, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname]) fi CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_USLEEP, [ AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_MSG_CHECKING([for usleep]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_usleep, [ ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBUCB" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include ], [ usleep(200); ], ac_cv_func_usleep=yes, ac_cv_func_usleep=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_usleep) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_usleep`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_USLEEP, 1, [Define if you have the usleep function]) fi LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_RANDOM, [ AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_MSG_CHECKING([for random]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_random, [ ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBUCB" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include ], [ random(); ], ac_cv_func_random=yes, ac_cv_func_random=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_random) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_random`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RANDOM, 1, [Define if you have random]) fi LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_GIF, [AC_MSG_CHECKING([for giflib]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_gif, [ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries -lgif -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif int GifLastError(void); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ ], [return GifLastError();], eval "ac_cv_lib_gif=yes", eval "ac_cv_lib_gif=no") LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" ])dnl if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_gif`\" = yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBGIF, 1, [Define if you have libgif]) else AC_MSG_ERROR(You need giflib30. Please install the kdesupport package) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libjpeg$2]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries -ljpeg$2 -lm" AC_TRY_LINK( [/* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ struct jpeg_decompress_struct; typedef struct jpeg_decompress_struct * j_decompress_ptr; typedef int size_t; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void jpeg_CreateDecompress(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int version, size_t structsize); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ ], [jpeg_CreateDecompress(0L, 0, 0);], eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=-ljpeg$2", eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=no") LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" ]) if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1`\" = no"; then LIBJPEG="$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $3 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_JPEG, [ KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(6b, 6b, KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(normal, [], [ dnl what to do, if the normal way fails: if test -f "$kde_libraries/libjpeg.so"; then test -f ./libjpegkde.so || $LN_S $kde_libraries/libjpeg.so ./libjpegkde.so ac_cv_lib_jpeg="-L\${topdir} -ljpegkde" else if test -f "$kde_libraries/libjpeg.sl"; then test -f ./libjpegkde.sl ||$LN_S $kde_libraries/libjpeg.sl ./libjpegkde.sl ac_cv_lib_jpeg="-L\${topdir} -ljpegkde" else if test -f "$kde_libraries/libjpeg.a"; then test -f ./libjpegkde.a || $LN_S $kde_libraries/libjpeg.a ./libjpegkde.a ac_cv_lib_jpeg="-L\${topdir} -ljpegkde" else AC_MSG_ERROR([ You need the development package of libjpeg6b. You can get a source package of libjpeg from http://www.ijg.org/ ]) fi fi fi LIBJPEG=$ac_cv_lib_jpeg ])) AC_SUBST(LIBJPEG) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBJPEG, 1, [Define if you have libjpeg]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_ZLIB, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libz]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_z, [ AC_LANG_C kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries -lz $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (zlibVersion() == ZLIB_VERSION); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_z='-lz'", eval "ac_cv_lib_z=no") LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_z`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBZ, 1, [Define if you have libz]) LIBZ="$ac_cv_lib_z" AC_SUBST(LIBZ) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_z) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBZ="" AC_SUBST(LIBZ) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libtiff $1]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libtiff_$1, [ AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries -l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ -lX11 $LIBSOCKET -lm" kde_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $all_includes" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (TIFFOpen( "", "r") == 0); ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1="-l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ" ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1=no ]) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_CXXFLAGS" ]) if test "$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBTIFF="" $3 else LIBTIFF="$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBTIFF, 1, [Define if you have libtiff]) $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_TIFF, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff, [], KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff34)) AC_SUBST(LIBTIFF) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_PNG, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libpng]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_png, [ kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lpng $LIBZ -lm -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [ png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct( /* image ptr */ PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0 ); return( png_ptr != 0 ); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_png='-lpng $LIBZ -lm'", eval "ac_cv_lib_png=no" ) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_png`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBPNG, 1, [Define if you have libpng]) LIBPNG="$ac_cv_lib_png" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_png) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBPNG="" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_BOOL, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for bool]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_bool, [ AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([], [bool aBool = true;], [ac_cv_have_bool="yes"], [ac_cv_have_bool="no"]) ]) dnl end AC_CHECK_VAL AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_bool) if test "$ac_cv_have_bool" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BOOL, 1, [Define if the C++ compiler supports BOOL]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GNU_EXTENSIONS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(if you need GNU extensions) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_gnu_extensions, [ cat > conftest.c << EOF #include #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__ yes #endif EOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.c") 2>&5 | egrep "yes" >/dev/null 2>&1; then rm -rf conftest* ac_cv_gnu_extensions=yes else ac_cv_gnu_extensions=no fi ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_gnu_extensions) if test "$ac_cv_gnu_extensions" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(_GNU_SOURCE, 1, [Define if you need to use the GNU extensions]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports -$1) kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%.=/+-%___p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache, [ echo 'void f(){}' >conftest.cc if test -z "`$CXX -$1 -c conftest.cc 2>&1`"; then eval "kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache=yes" else eval "kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache=no" fi rm -f conftest* ]) if eval "test \"`echo '$kde_cv_prog_cxx_'$kde_cache`\" = yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) : $2 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) : $3 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_COMPILERS, [ dnl this is somehow a fat lie, but prevents other macros from double checking AC_PROVIDE([AC_PROG_CC]) AC_PROVIDE([AC_PROG_CPP]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug,[ --enable-debug creates debugging code [default=no]], [ if test $enableval = "no"; dnl then kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=yes else kde_use_debug_code="yes" kde_use_debug_define=no fi ], [kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=no ]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(strict,[ --enable-strict compiles with strict compiler options (may not work!)], [ if test $enableval = "no"; then kde_use_strict_options="no" else kde_use_strict_options="yes" fi ], [kde_use_strict_options="no"]) dnl this was AC_PROG_CC. I had to include it manualy, since I had to patch it AC_MSG_CHECKING(for a C-Compiler) dnl if there is one, print out. if not, don't matter AC_MSG_RESULT($CC) if test -z "$CC"; then AC_CHECK_PROG(CC, gcc, gcc) fi if test -z "$CC"; then AC_CHECK_PROG(CC, cc, cc, , , /usr/ucb/cc) fi if test -z "$CC"; then AC_CHECK_PROG(CC, xlc, xlc) fi test -z "$CC" && AC_MSG_ERROR([no acceptable cc found in \$PATH]) AC_PROG_CC_WORKS AC_PROG_CC_GNU if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc = yes; then GCC=yes else GCC= fi if test -z "$CFLAGS"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then AC_PROG_CC_G if test $ac_cv_prog_cc_g = yes; then CFLAGS="-g" fi else if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="-O2" else CFLAGS="" fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DNDEBUG" fi fi if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" if test "$kde_use_strict_options" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -W -Wall -ansi -pedantic -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings" fi fi fi case "$host" in *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -D_UNIXWARE";; esac if test -z "$LDFLAGS" && test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "no" && test "$GCC" = "yes"; then LDFLAGS="-s" fi dnl this is AC_PROG_CPP. I had to include it here, since autoconf checks dnl dependecies between AC_PROG_CPP and AC_PROG_CC (or is it automake?) AC_MSG_CHECKING(how to run the C preprocessor) # On Suns, sometimes $CPP names a directory. if test -n "$CPP" && test -d "$CPP"; then CPP= fi if test -z "$CPP"; then AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_prog_CPP, [ # This must be in double quotes, not single quotes, because CPP may get # substituted into the Makefile and "${CC-cc}" will confuse make. CPP="${CC-cc} -E" # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser, # not just through cpp. dnl Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc dnl with a fresh cross-compiler works. AC_TRY_CPP([#include Syntax Error], , CPP="${CC-cc} -E -traditional-cpp" AC_TRY_CPP([#include Syntax Error], , CPP=/lib/cpp)) ac_cv_prog_CPP="$CPP"])dnl CPP="$ac_cv_prog_CPP" else ac_cv_prog_CPP="$CPP" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($CPP) AC_SUBST(CPP)dnl AC_MSG_CHECKING(for a C++-Compiler) dnl if there is one, print out. if not, don't matter AC_MSG_RESULT($CXX) if test -z "$CXX"; then AC_CHECK_PROG(CXX, g++, g++) fi if test -z "$CXX"; then AC_CHECK_PROG(CXX, CC, CC) fi if test -z "$CXX"; then AC_CHECK_PROG(CXX, xlC, xlC) fi if test -z "$CXX"; then AC_CHECK_PROG(CXX, DCC, DCC) fi test -z "$CXX" && AC_MSG_ERROR([no acceptable C++-compiler found in \$PATH]) AC_PROG_CXX_WORKS AC_PROG_CXX_GNU if test $ac_cv_prog_gxx = yes; then GXX=yes fi if test -z "$CXXFLAGS"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then AC_PROG_CXX_G if test $ac_cv_prog_cxx_g = yes; then CXXFLAGS="-g" fi else if test "$GXX" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-O2" fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -DNDEBUG" fi fi KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-exceptions, [ CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-exceptions" ]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-rtti, [ CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-rtti" ]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-check-new, [ CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-check-new" ]) if test "$GXX" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -Wall -pedantic -W -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(Wno-long-long, [ CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -Wno-long-long" ]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-builtin, [ CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-builtin" ]) fi if test "$kde_use_strict_options" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -Wcast-qual -Wbad-function-cast -Wshadow -Wcast-align -Woverloaded-virtual" fi if test "$kde_very_strict" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -Wold-style-cast -Wredundant-decls -Wconversion" fi fi fi KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fexceptions, [ USE_EXCEPTIONS="-fexceptions" ], USE_EXCEPTIONS= ) AC_SUBST(USE_EXCEPTIONS) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(frtti, [ USE_RTTI="-frtti" ], USE_RTTI= ) AC_SUBST(USE_RTTI) case "$host" in *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -D_UNIXWARE";; esac AC_PROVIDE(AC_PROG_CXXCPP) AC_MSG_CHECKING(how to run the C++ preprocessor) if test -z "$CXXCPP"; then AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_prog_CXXCPP, [ AC_LANG_SAVE[]dnl AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS[]dnl CXXCPP="${CXX-g++} -E" AC_TRY_CPP([#include ], , CXXCPP=/lib/cpp) ac_cv_prog_CXXCPP="$CXXCPP" AC_LANG_RESTORE[]dnl ])dnl CXXCPP="$ac_cv_prog_CXXCPP" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($CXXCPP) AC_SUBST(CXXCPP)dnl # the following is to allow programs, that are known to # have problems when compiled with -O2 if test -n "$CXXFLAGS"; then kde_safe_IFS=$IFS IFS=" " NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="" for i in $CXXFLAGS; do if test ! "$i" = "-O2"; then NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="$NOOPT_CXXFLAGS $i" fi done IFS=$kde_safe_IFS fi AC_SUBST(NOOPT_CXXFLAGS) KDE_CHECK_FINAL ifdef([AM_DEPENDENCIES], AC_REQUIRE([KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES]), []) KDE_CXXFLAGS= AC_SUBST(KDE_CXXFLAGS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES, [ [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CC) [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CXX) ]) dnl just a wrapper to clean up configure.in AC_DEFUN(KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_SHARED]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_STATIC]) if test -z "$LIBTOOL"; then dnl libtool is only for C, so I must force him dnl to find the correct flags for C++ kde_save_cc=$CC kde_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" CC=$CXX CFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_LIBTOOL_DLOPEN AM_PROG_LIBTOOL # LIBTOOL="$LIBTOOL --silent" dnl AC_SUBST(LIBTOOL) AC_LANG_RESTORE CC=$kde_save_cc CFLAGS="$kde_save_cflags" LIBTOOL_SHELL='/bin/sh ./libtool' else LIBTOOL_SHELL=$LIBTOOL fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_DO_IT_ALL, [ AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM AC_ARG_PROGRAM AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE($1, $2) AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) AC_CHECK_COMPILERS KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AM_KDE_WITH_NLS AC_PATH_KDE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_RPATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for rpath) AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath, [ --disable-rpath do not use the rpath feature of ld], USE_RPATH=$enableval, USE_RPATH=yes) if test -z "$KDE_RPATH" && test "$USE_RPATH" = "yes"; then KDE_RPATH="-rpath \$(kde_libraries)" if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -rpath \$(qt_libraries)" fi dnl $x_libraries is set to /usr/lib in case if test -n "$X_LDFLAGS"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -rpath \$(x_libraries)" fi if test -n "$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH \$(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH)" fi fi AC_SUBST(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH) AC_SUBST(KDE_RPATH) AC_MSG_RESULT($USE_RPATH) ]) dnl Check for the type of the third argument of getsockname AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_KSIZE_T, [AC_MSG_CHECKING(for the third argument of getsockname) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_ksize_t, AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS [AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ socklen_t a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_ksize_t=socklen_t, ac_cv_ksize_t=) if test -z "$ac_cv_ksize_t"; then ac_safe_cxxflags="$CXXFLAGS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-Werror $CXXFLAGS" fi AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ int a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_ksize_t=int, ac_cv_ksize_t=size_t) CXXFLAGS="$ac_safe_cxxflags" fi AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test -z "$ac_cv_ksize_t"; then ac_cv_ksize_t=int fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_ksize_t) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(ksize_t, $ac_cv_ksize_t, [Define the type of the third argument for getsockname] ) ]) dnl This is a merge of some macros out of the gettext aclocal.m4 dnl since we don't need anything, I took the things we need dnl the copyright for them is: dnl > dnl Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. dnl This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. dnl This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without dnl even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A dnl PARTICULAR PURPOSE. dnl > dnl for this file it is relicensed under LGPL AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_WITH_NLS, [AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether NLS is requested]) dnl Default is enabled NLS AC_ARG_ENABLE(nls, [ --disable-nls do not use Native Language Support], USE_NLS=$enableval, USE_NLS=yes) AC_MSG_RESULT($USE_NLS) AC_SUBST(USE_NLS) dnl If we use NLS figure out what method if test "$USE_NLS" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE(ENABLE_NLS, 1, [Define if NLS is requested]) AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(MSGFMT, msgfmt, [test -n "`$ac_dir/$ac_word --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"], msgfmt) AC_PATH_PROG(GMSGFMT, gmsgfmt, $MSGFMT) if test -z "`$GMSGFMT --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([found msgfmt program is not GNU msgfmt; ignore it]) GMSGFMT=":" fi MSGFMT=$GMSGFMT AC_SUBST(GMSGFMT) AC_SUBST(MSGFMT) AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(XGETTEXT, xgettext, [test -z "`$ac_dir/$ac_word -h 2>&1 | grep '(HELP)'`"], :) dnl Test whether we really found GNU xgettext. if test "$XGETTEXT" != ":"; then dnl If it is no GNU xgettext we define it as : so that the dnl Makefiles still can work. if $XGETTEXT --omit-header /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then : ; else AC_MSG_RESULT( [found xgettext programs is not GNU xgettext; ignore it]) XGETTEXT=":" fi fi AC_SUBST(XGETTEXT) fi ]) # Search path for a program which passes the given test. # Ulrich Drepper , 1996. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I appended a _KDE against name conflicts dnl AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(VARIABLE, PROG-TO-CHECK-FOR, dnl TEST-PERFORMED-ON-FOUND_PROGRAM [, VALUE-IF-NOT-FOUND [, PATH]]) AC_DEFUN(AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE, [# Extract the first word of "$2", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $2; ac_word=[$]2 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $ac_word]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_$1, [case "[$]$1" in /*) ac_cv_path_$1="[$]$1" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) IFS="${IFS= }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for ac_dir in ifelse([$5], , $PATH, [$5]); do test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then if [$3]; then ac_cv_path_$1="$ac_dir/$ac_word" break fi fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" dnl If no 4th arg is given, leave the cache variable unset, dnl so AC_PATH_PROGS will keep looking. ifelse([$4], , , [ test -z "[$]ac_cv_path_$1" && ac_cv_path_$1="$4" ])dnl ;; esac])dnl $1="$ac_cv_path_$1" if test -n "[$]$1"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$]$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) fi AC_SUBST($1)dnl ]) # Check whether LC_MESSAGES is available in . # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 AC_DEFUN(AM_LC_MESSAGES, [if test $ac_cv_header_locale_h = yes; then AC_CACHE_CHECK([for LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include ], [return LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=yes, am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=no)]) if test $am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LC_MESSAGES, 1, [Define if your locale.h file contains LC_MESSAGES]) fi fi]) dnl From Jim Meyering. dnl FIXME: migrate into libit. AC_DEFUN(AM_FUNC_OBSTACK, [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for obstacks], am_cv_func_obstack, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include "obstack.h"], [struct obstack *mem;obstack_free(mem,(char *) 0)], am_cv_func_obstack=yes, am_cv_func_obstack=no)]) if test $am_cv_func_obstack = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OBSTACK) else LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS obstack.o" fi ]) dnl From Jim Meyering. Use this if you use the GNU error.[ch]. dnl FIXME: Migrate into libit AC_DEFUN(AM_FUNC_ERROR_AT_LINE, [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for error_at_line], am_cv_lib_error_at_line, [AC_TRY_LINK([],[error_at_line(0, 0, "", 0, "");], am_cv_lib_error_at_line=yes, am_cv_lib_error_at_line=no)]) if test $am_cv_lib_error_at_line = no; then LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS error.o" fi AC_SUBST(LIBOBJS)dnl ]) # Macro to add for using GNU gettext. # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I put a KDE in it to avoid name conflicts AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_GNU_GETTEXT, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_MAKE_SET])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_RANLIB])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_HEADER_STDC])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_C_INLINE])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_OFF_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_SIZE_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_ALLOCA])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_MMAP])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AM_KDE_WITH_NLS])dnl AC_CHECK_HEADERS([argz.h limits.h locale.h nl_types.h malloc.h string.h \ unistd.h values.h alloca.h]) AC_CHECK_FUNCS([getcwd munmap putenv setenv setlocale strchr strcasecmp \ __argz_count __argz_stringify __argz_next]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for stpcpy) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_func_stpcpy, [ kde_safe_cxxflags=$CXXFLAGS CXXFLAGS="-Wmissing-prototypes -Werror" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include ], [ char buffer[200]; stpcpy(buffer, buffer); ], kde_cv_func_stpcpy=yes, kde_cv_func_stpcpy=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE CXXFLAGS=$kde_safe_cxxflags ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_func_stpcpy) if eval "test \"`echo $kde_cv_func_stpcpy`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STPCPY, 1, [Define if you have stpcpy]) fi AM_LC_MESSAGES if test "x$CATOBJEXT" != "x"; then if test "x$ALL_LINGUAS" = "x"; then LINGUAS= else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for catalogs to be installed) NEW_LINGUAS= for lang in ${LINGUAS=$ALL_LINGUAS}; do case "$ALL_LINGUAS" in *$lang*) NEW_LINGUAS="$NEW_LINGUAS $lang" ;; esac done LINGUAS=$NEW_LINGUAS AC_MSG_RESULT($LINGUAS) fi dnl Construct list of names of catalog files to be constructed. if test -n "$LINGUAS"; then for lang in $LINGUAS; do CATALOGS="$CATALOGS $lang$CATOBJEXT"; done fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_XPM, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$XPM_LDFLAGS" && XPM_LDFLAGS= test -z "$XPM_INCLUDE" && XPM_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(xpm, [ --without-xpm disable color pixmap XPM tests], xpm_test=$withval, xpm_test="yes") if test "x$xpm_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_xpm=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for XPM) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_xpm, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $XPM_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lXpm -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test ! -z "$XPM_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$XPM_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include ],[], ac_cv_have_xpm="yes",ac_cv_have_xpm="no") LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_xpm" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) XPM_LDFLAGS="" XPMINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XPM, 1, [Define if you have XPM support]) if test "$XPM_LDFLAGS" = ""; then XPMLIB='-lXpm $(LIB_X11)' else XPMLIB="-L$XPM_LDFLAGS -lXpm "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$XPM_INCLUDE" = ""; then XPMINC="" else XPMINC="-I$XPM_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(XPMINC) AC_SUBST(XPMLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_DPMS, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" && DPMS_LDFLAGS= test -z "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && DPMS_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(dpms, [ --without-dpms disable DPMS power saving], dpms_test=$withval, dpms_test="yes") if test "x$dpms_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_dpms=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for DPMS) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_dpms, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $DPMS_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lXpm -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test ! -z "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include ],[], ac_cv_have_dpms="yes",ac_cv_have_dpms="no") LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_dpms" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) DPMS_LDFLAGS="" DPMSINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DPMS, 1, [Define if you have DPMS support]) if test "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" = ""; then DPMSLIB='-lXdpms $(LIB_X11)' else DPMSLIB="-L$DPMS_LDFLAGS -lXdpms "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$DPMS_INCLUDE" = ""; then DPMSINC="" else DPMSINC="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(DPMSINC) AC_SUBST(DPMSLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_GL, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$GL_LDFLAGS" && GL_LDFLAGS= test -z "$GL_INCLUDE" && GL_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(gl, [ --without-gl disable 3D GL modes], gl_test=$withval, gl_test="yes") if test "x$gl_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_gl=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for GL) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_gl, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test ! -z "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([],[], ac_cv_have_gl="mesa", ac_cv_have_gl="no") if test "x$ac_cv_have_gl" = "xno"; then LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags $X_LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lGL -lGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags $X_INCLUDES" test ! -z "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([],[], ac_cv_have_gl="yes", ac_cv_have_gl="no") fi LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) GL_LDFLAGS="" GLINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GL, 1, [Defines if you have GL (Mesa, OpenGL, ...)]) if test "$GL_LDFLAGS" = ""; then if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB='-lMesaGL -lMesaGLU $(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB='-lGL -lGLU $(LIB_X11)' fi else if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lGL -lGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' fi fi if test "$GL_INCLUDE" = ""; then GLINC="" else GLINC="-I$GL_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_gl) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(GLINC) AC_SUBST(GLLIB) ]) dnl PAM pam dnl Should test for PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_PAM_DIRECT, [ test -z "$pam_direct_test_library" && pam_direct_test_library=pam test -z "$pam_direct_test_include" && pam_direct_test_include=security/pam_appl.h for ac_dir in \ \ /usr/local/include \ /usr/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /opt/include \ /usr/pam/include \ /usr/local/pam/include \ /usr/lib/pam/include \ \ $extra_include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$pam_direct_test_include"; then no_pam= ac_pam_includes=$ac_dir break fi done # First see if replacing the include by lib works. for ac_dir in `echo "$ac_pam_includes" | sed s/include/lib/` \ \ /lib \ /usr/lib \ /usr/local/lib \ /usr/unsupported/lib \ /lib/security \ /usr/security/lib \ $extra_lib \ ; \ do for ac_extension in a so sl; do if test -r $ac_dir/lib${pam_direct_test_library}.$ac_extension; then no_pam= ac_pam_libraries=$ac_dir break 2 fi done done ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_PAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_CHECK_LIB(pam_misc, main, [PAM_MISC_LIB="-lpam_misc" AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_PAM_MISC, 1, [Define if you have a PAM implementation with the pam_misc library])], [], [-lpam $LIBDL]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for PAM) AC_ARG_WITH(pam, [ --with-pam[=ARG] enable support for PAM: ARG=[yes|no|service name]], [ if test "x$withval" = "xyes"; then no_pam= default_pam=yes elif test "x$withval" = "xno"; then no_pam=yes else no_pam= pam_service="$withval" if test -z "$pam_service"; then default_pam=yes else default_pam= fi fi ], no_pam=yes ) if test ! "$no_pam" = yes; then AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_pam, [ ac_pam_includes=NONE ac_pam_libraries=NONE if test -z "$pam_libraries"; then pam_libraries=NONE fi if test -z "$pam_includes"; then pam_includes=NONE fi AC_PATH_PAM_DIRECT test "x$pam_includes" = xNONE && pam_includes=$ac_pam_includes test "x$pam_libraries" = xNONE && pam_libraries=$ac_pam_libraries if test ! "x$pam_includes" = xNONE && test ! "x$pam_libraries" = xNONE; then ac_pam_libs="-lpam $PAM_MISC_LIB $LIBDL" ac_cv_path_pam="no_pam= ac_pam_includes=$ac_pam_includes ac_pam_libraries=$ac_pam_libraries ac_pam_libs=\"$ac_pam_libs\"" else ac_cv_path_pam="no_pam=yes" fi ]) eval "$ac_cv_path_pam" fi if test "$no_pam" = yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PAM, 1, [Defines if you have PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules); Redhat-Users!]) PAMLIBS="$ac_pam_libs" test "x$pam_includes" = xNONE && pam_includes=$ac_pam_includes test "x$pam_libraries" = xNONE && pam_libraries=$ac_pam_libraries AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $pam_libraries, headers $pam_includes]) if test "$default_pam" = yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT(["default pam service name will be used"]) else AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(KDE_PAM_SERVICE,"$pam_service", [Define to change the default name of the PAM service used by KDE]) AC_MSG_RESULT(["pam service name will be: " $pam_service]) fi dnl test whether struct pam_message is const (Linux) or not (Sun) pam_appl_h="$ac_pam_includes/security/pam_appl.h" AC_MSG_CHECKING(for const pam_message) AC_EGREP_HEADER([struct pam_message], $pam_appl_h, [ AC_EGREP_HEADER([const struct pam_message], $pam_appl_h, [AC_MSG_RESULT(["const: Linux-type PAM"]) ], [AC_MSG_RESULT(["nonconst: Sun-type PAM"]) AC_DEFINE(PAM_MESSAGE_NONCONST, 1, [Define if your PAM support takes non-const arguments (Solaris)])] )], [AC_MSG_RESULT(["not found - assume const, Linux-type PAM"])] ) fi if test "x$pam_libraries" != x && test "x$pam_libraries" != xNONE ; then PAMLIBPATHS="-L$pam_libraries" fi if test "x$pam_includes" != x && test "x$pam_includes" != xNONE ; then PAMINC="-I$pam_includes" fi AC_SUBST(PAMINC) AC_SUBST(PAMLIBS) AC_SUBST(PAMLIBPATHS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBDL, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen, [ LIBDL="-ldl" ac_cv_have_dlfcn=yes ]) AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_unload, [ LIBDL="-ldld" ac_cv_have_shload=yes ]) AC_SUBST(LIBDL) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN, [ KDE_CHECK_LIBDL AC_CHECK_HEADERS(dlfcn.h dl.h) if test "$ac_cv_header_dlfcn_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_dlfcn=no fi if test "$ac_cv_header_dl_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_shload=no fi enable_dlopen=no AC_ARG_ENABLE(dlopen, [ --disable-dlopen link staticly [default=no]] , [if test "$enableval" = yes; then enable_dlopen=yes fi], enable_dlopen=yes) # override the user's opinion, if we know it better ;) if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "no" && test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "no"; then enable_dlopen=no fi if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DLFCN, 1, [Define if you have dlfcn]) fi if test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SHLOAD, 1, [Define if you have shload]) fi if test "$enable_dlopen" = no ; then test -n "$1" && eval $1 else test -n "$2" && eval $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DYNAMIC_LOADING, [ KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN(libtool_enable_shared=yes, libtool_enable_static=no) KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_MSG_CHECKING([dynamic loading]) eval "`egrep '^build_libtool_libs=' libtool`" if test "$build_libtool_libs" = "yes" && test "$enable_dlopen" = "yes"; then dynamic_loading=yes AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING) else dynamic_loading=no fi AC_MSG_RESULT($dynamic_loading) if test "$dynamic_loading" = "yes"; then $1 else $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_INCLUDES, [ if test -z "$1"; then test_include="Pix.h" else test_include="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libg++ ($test_include)]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libgpp_includes, [ kde_cv_libgpp_includes=no for ac_dir in \ \ /usr/include/g++ \ /usr/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /opt/include \ $extra_include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$test_include"; then kde_cv_libgpp_includes=$ac_dir break fi done ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_libgpp_includes) if test "$kde_cv_libgpp_includes" != "no"; then all_includes="-I$kde_cv_libgpp_includes $all_includes" fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MICO, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MICO) if test -z "$MICODIR"; then kde_micodir=/usr/local else kde_micodir="$MICODIR" fi AC_ARG_WITH(micodir, [ --with-micodir=micodir where mico is installed ], kde_micodir=$withval, kde_micodir=$kde_micodir ) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_incdir, [ mico_incdirs="$kde_micodir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include /usr/local/include /opt/local/include $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(CORBA.h, $mico_incdirs, kde_cv_mico_incdir) ]) kde_micodir=`echo $kde_cv_mico_incdir | sed -e 's#/include##'` if test ! -r $kde_micodir/include/CORBA.h; then AC_MSG_ERROR([No CORBA.h found, specify another micodir]) fi AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_micodir) MICO_INCLUDES=-I$kde_micodir/include AC_SUBST(MICO_INCLUDES) MICO_LDFLAGS=-L$kde_micodir/lib AC_SUBST(MICO_LDFLAGS) micodir=$kde_micodir AC_SUBST(micodir) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for MICO version]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_version, [ AC_LANG_C cat >conftest.$ac_ext < #include int main() { printf("MICO_VERSION=%s\n",MICO_VERSION); return (0); } EOF ac_compile='${CC-gcc} $CFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES conftest.$ac_ext -o conftest' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then if eval `./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_cv_mico_version=$MICO_VERSION else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to execute a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi ]) dnl installed MICO version mico_v_maj=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_mid=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_min=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "x$1" = "x"; then req_version="2.3.0" else req_version=$1 fi dnl required MICO version req_v_maj=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` req_v_mid=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` req_v_min=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "$mico_v_maj" -lt "$req_v_maj" || \ ( test "$mico_v_maj" -eq "$req_v_maj" && \ test "$mico_v_mid" -lt "$req_v_mid" ) || \ ( test "$mico_v_mid" -eq "$req_v_mid" && \ test "$mico_v_min" -lt "$req_v_min" ) then AC_MSG_ERROR([found MICO version $kde_cv_mico_version but version $req_version \ at least is required. You should upgrade MICO.]) else AC_MSG_RESULT([$kde_cv_mico_version (minimum version $req_version, ok)]) fi LIBMICO="-lmico$kde_cv_mico_version $LIBCRYPT $LIBSOCKET $LIBDL" AC_SUBST(LIBMICO) if test -z "$IDL"; then IDL='$(kde_bindir)/cuteidl' fi AC_SUBST(IDL) IDL_DEPENDENCIES='$(kde_includes)/CUTE.h' AC_SUBST(IDL_DEPENDENCIES) idldir="\$(includedir)/idl" AC_SUBST(idldir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MINI_STL, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_MICO]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we use mico's mini-STL) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_mini_stl, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_cxxflags="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_COMPILE( [ #include ], [ #ifdef HAVE_MINI_STL #error "nothing" #endif ], kde_cv_have_mini_stl=no, kde_cv_have_mini_stl=yes) CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_cxxflags" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "x$kde_cv_have_mini_stl" = "xyes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(pthread, pthread_create, [LIBPTHREAD="-lpthread"], LIBPTHREAD= ) AC_SUBST(LIBPTHREAD) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON, [ if test "$kde_python_link_found" = no; then if test "$1" = normal; then AC_MSG_CHECKING(if a Python application links) else AC_MSG_CHECKING(if Python depends on $2) fi AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_try_link_python_$1, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C kde_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PYTHONINC" kde_save_libs="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBPYTHON $2 $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $PYTHONLIB" AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ],[ PySys_SetArgv(1, 0); ], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=yes], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=no] ) CFLAGS="$kde_save_cflags" LIBS="$kde_save_libs" LDFLAGS="$kde_save_ldflags" ]) if test "$kde_cv_try_link_python_$1" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) kde_python_link_found=yes if test ! "$1" = normal; then LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $2" fi $3 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $4 fi AC_LANG_RESTORE fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python directory]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_pythondir, [ if test -z "$PYTHONDIR"; then kde_cv_pythondir=/usr/local else kde_cv_pythondir="$PYTHONDIR" fi ]) AC_ARG_WITH(pythondir, [ --with-pythondir=pythondir use python installed in pythondir ], [ ac_python_dir=$withval ], ac_python_dir=$kde_cv_pythondir ) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_python_dir) if test -z "$1"; then version="1.5" else version="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python$version]) python_incdirs="$ac_python_dir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include/ $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) python_incdir=$python_incdir/python$version if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then AC_MSG_ERROR(Python.h not found.) fi fi PYTHONINC=-I$python_incdir python_libdirs="$ac_python_dir/lib /usr/lib /usr/local /usr/lib $kde_extra_libs" AC_FIND_FILE(libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/config/libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) python_libdir=$python_libdir/python$version/config if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then AC_MSG_ERROR(libpython$version.a not found.) fi fi PYTHONLIB=-L$python_libdir if test -z "$LIBPYTHON"; then LIBPYTHON=-lpython$version fi AC_MSG_RESULT(header $python_incdir library $python_libdir) dnl Note: this test is very weak kde_python_link_found=no KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(normal) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m, -lm) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(pthread, $LIBPTHREAD) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(tcl, -ltcl) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm], [], [AC_MSG_WARN([it seems, Python depends on another library. Pleae use \"make LIBPTYHON='-lpython$version -lotherlib'\" to fix this and contact the authors to let them know about this problem]) ]) LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" AC_SUBST(PYTHONINC) AC_SUBST(PYTHONLIB) AC_SUBST(LIBPYTHON) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is SGI like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_sgi, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hallo Welt."; astring.erase(0, 6); // now astring is "Welt" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_sgi) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SGI_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by SGI]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_HP, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is HP like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_hp, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hello World"; astring.remove(0, 6); // now astring is "World" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_hp=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_hp=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_hp) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_HP_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by SGI]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "no"; then KDE_CHECK_STL_HP if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR("no known STL type found") fi fi AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_QIMGIO, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for qimgio]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_qimgio, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" LIBS="$all_libraries -lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG $LIBQT" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" AC_TRY_RUN(dnl [ #include #include int main() { QString t = "hallo"; t.fill('t'); qInitImageIO(); } ], ac_cv_lib_qimgio=yes, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no) LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ])dnl if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_qimgio`\" = yes"; then LIBQIMGIO="-lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_QIMGIO, 1, [Define if you have the Qt extension qimgio available]) AC_SUBST(LIBQIMGIO) else AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_ANSI, [ ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_INSURE, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(insure, [ --enable-insure use insure++ for debugging [default=no]], [ if test $enableval = "no"; dnl then ac_use_insure="no" else ac_use_insure="yes" fi ], [ac_use_insure="no"]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we will use Insure++ to debug) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_use_insure) if test "$ac_use_insure" = "yes"; dnl then CC="insure"; CXX="insure"; dnl CFLAGS="$CLAGS -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions "???? fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES, [ AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_STATIC]) AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_SHARED]) enable_static=no enable_shared=yes ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_UTMP_FILE, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for utmp file]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_utmp_file, [ kde_cv_utmp_file=no for ac_file in \ \ /var/run/utmp \ /var/adm/utmp \ /etc/utmp \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_file"; then kde_cv_utmp_file=$ac_file break fi done ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_utmp_file) if test "$kde_cv_utmp_file" != "no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UTMP, "$kde_cv_utmp_file", [Define the file for utmp entries]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CREATE_SUBDIRSLIST, [ DO_NOT_COMPILE="$DO_NOT_COMPILE CVS debian bsd-port admin" if test ! -s $srcdir/inst-apps && test -s $srcdir/subdirs; then cp $srcdir/subdirs $srcdir/inst-apps fi if test ! -s $srcdir/inst-apps; then TOPSUBDIRS="" files=`cd $srcdir && ls -1` dirs=`for i in $files; do if test -d $i; then echo $i; fi; done` for i in $dirs; do echo $i >> $srcdir/subdirs done cp $srcdir/subdirs $srcdir/inst-apps fi if test -s $srcdir/inst-apps; then ac_topsubdirs="`cat $srcdir/inst-apps`" fi for i in $ac_topsubdirs; do AC_MSG_CHECKING([if $i should be compiled]) if test -d $srcdir/$i; then install_it="yes" for j in $DO_NOT_COMPILE; do if test $i = $j; then install_it="no" fi done else install_it="no" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($install_it) if test $install_it = "yes"; then TOPSUBDIRS="$TOPSUBDIRS $i" fi done AC_SUBST(TOPSUBDIRS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NAMESPACES, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether C++ compiler supports namespaces) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ ], [ namespace Foo { extern int i; namespace Bar { extern int i; } } int Foo::i = 0; int Foo::Bar::i = 1; ],[ AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_NAMESPACES) ], [ AC_MSG_RESULT(no) ]) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NEWLIBS, [ ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for S_ISSOCK macro. Doesn't exist on Unix SCO. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_S_ISSOCK, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for S_ISSOCK) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_s_issock, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ], [ struct stat buff; int b = S_ISSOCK( buff.st_mode ); ], ac_cv_have_s_issock=yes, ac_cv_have_s_issock=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_s_issock) if test "$ac_cv_have_s_issock" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_S_ISSOCK, 1, [Define if sys/stat.h declares S_ISSOCK.]) fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for MAXPATHLEN macro, defines KDEMAXPATHLEN. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_KDEMAXPATHLEN, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MAXPATHLEN) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_maxpathlen, [ AC_LANG_C cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include #ifndef MAXPATHLEN #define MAXPATHLEN 1024 #endif KDE_HELLO MAXPATHLEN EOF ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext 2>/dev/null | grep '^KDE_HELLO' >conftest.out" if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_try) && test -s conftest.out; then ac_cv_maxpathlen=`sed 's#KDE_HELLO ##' conftest.out` else ac_cv_maxpathlen=1024 fi rm conftest.* ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_maxpathlen) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(KDEMAXPATHLEN,$ac_cv_maxpathlen, [Define a safe value for MAXLENPATH] ) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- dnl See if the compiler supports a template repository bero@redhat.de dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- AC_DEFUN(KDE_COMPILER_REPO, [ REPO="" NOREPO="" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(frepo, [ REPO="-frepo" NOREPO="-fno-repo" ]) if test -z "$REPO"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(instances=explicit, [ REPO="-instances=explicit" NOREPO="-instances=extern" ]) fi if test -n "$REPO"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_TEMPLATE_REPOSITORY, 1, [C++ compiler supports template repository]) $1 fi AC_SUBST(REPO) AC_SUBST(NOREPO) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_HEADER, [ AC_LANG_SAVE kde_safe_cppflags=$CPPFLAGS CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $all_includes" AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_CHECK_HEADER($1, $2, $3) CPPFLAGS=$kde_safe_cppflags AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_QWSPRITEFIELD, [ KDE_CHECK_HEADER(QwSpriteField.h, , [ AC_MSG_WARN([you don't have QwSpriteField.h somewhere. Please install QwSpriteField out of kdesupport.]) $1 ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PREFIX, [ dnl make $KDEDIR the default for the installation AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) if test "x$prefix" = "xNONE"; then prefix=$ac_default_prefix ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args --prefix $prefix" fi ]) c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/install-sh0000755000076400001440000001272007244431673012316 #!/bin/sh # # install - install a program, script, or datafile # This comes from X11R5 (mit/util/scripts/install.sh). # # Copyright 1991 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology # # Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its # documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that # the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that # copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting # documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in advertising or # publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, # written prior permission. M.I.T. makes no representations about the # suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" # without express or implied warranty. # # Calling this script install-sh is preferred over install.sh, to prevent # `make' implicit rules from creating a file called install from it # when there is no Makefile. # # This script is compatible with the BSD install script, but was written # from scratch. It can only install one file at a time, a restriction # shared with many OS's install programs. # set DOITPROG to echo to test this script # Don't use :- since 4.3BSD and earlier shells don't like it. doit="${DOITPROG-}" # put in absolute paths if you don't have them in your path; or use env. vars. mvprog="${MVPROG-mv}" cpprog="${CPPROG-cp}" chmodprog="${CHMODPROG-chmod}" chownprog="${CHOWNPROG-chown}" chgrpprog="${CHGRPPROG-chgrp}" stripprog="${STRIPPROG-strip}" rmprog="${RMPROG-rm}" mkdirprog="${MKDIRPROG-mkdir}" transformbasename="" transform_arg="" instcmd="$mvprog" chmodcmd="$chmodprog 0755" chowncmd="" chgrpcmd="" stripcmd="" rmcmd="$rmprog -f" mvcmd="$mvprog" src="" dst="" dir_arg="" while [ x"$1" != x ]; do case $1 in -c) instcmd="$cpprog" shift continue;; -d) dir_arg=true shift continue;; -m) chmodcmd="$chmodprog $2" shift shift continue;; -o) chowncmd="$chownprog $2" shift shift continue;; -g) chgrpcmd="$chgrpprog $2" shift shift continue;; -s) stripcmd="$stripprog" shift continue;; -t=*) transformarg=`echo $1 | sed 's/-t=//'` shift continue;; -b=*) transformbasename=`echo $1 | sed 's/-b=//'` shift continue;; *) if [ x"$src" = x ] then src=$1 else # this colon is to work around a 386BSD /bin/sh bug : dst=$1 fi shift continue;; esac done if [ x"$src" = x ] then echo "install: no input file specified" exit 1 else true fi if [ x"$dir_arg" != x ]; then dst=$src src="" if [ -d $dst ]; then instcmd=: else instcmd=mkdir fi else # Waiting for this to be detected by the "$instcmd $src $dsttmp" command # might cause directories to be created, which would be especially bad # if $src (and thus $dsttmp) contains '*'. if [ -f $src -o -d $src ] then true else echo "install: $src does not exist" exit 1 fi if [ x"$dst" = x ] then echo "install: no destination specified" exit 1 else true fi # If destination is a directory, append the input filename; if your system # does not like double slashes in filenames, you may need to add some logic if [ -d $dst ] then dst="$dst"/`basename $src` else true fi fi ## this sed command emulates the dirname command dstdir=`echo $dst | sed -e 's,[^/]*$,,;s,/$,,;s,^$,.,'` # Make sure that the destination directory exists. # this part is taken from Noah Friedman's mkinstalldirs script # Skip lots of stat calls in the usual case. if [ ! -d "$dstdir" ]; then defaultIFS=' ' IFS="${IFS-${defaultIFS}}" oIFS="${IFS}" # Some sh's can't handle IFS=/ for some reason. IFS='%' set - `echo ${dstdir} | sed -e 's@/@%@g' -e 's@^%@/@'` IFS="${oIFS}" pathcomp='' while [ $# -ne 0 ] ; do pathcomp="${pathcomp}${1}" shift if [ ! -d "${pathcomp}" ] ; then $mkdirprog "${pathcomp}" else true fi pathcomp="${pathcomp}/" done fi if [ x"$dir_arg" != x ] then $doit $instcmd $dst && if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dst; else true ; fi && if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dst; else true ; fi && if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dst; else true ; fi && if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dst; else true ; fi else # If we're going to rename the final executable, determine the name now. if [ x"$transformarg" = x ] then dstfile=`basename $dst` else dstfile=`basename $dst $transformbasename | sed $transformarg`$transformbasename fi # don't allow the sed command to completely eliminate the filename if [ x"$dstfile" = x ] then dstfile=`basename $dst` else true fi # Make a temp file name in the proper directory. dsttmp=$dstdir/#inst.$$# # Move or copy the file name to the temp name $doit $instcmd $src $dsttmp && trap "rm -f ${dsttmp}" 0 && # and set any options; do chmod last to preserve setuid bits # If any of these fail, we abort the whole thing. If we want to # ignore errors from any of these, just make sure not to ignore # errors from the above "$doit $instcmd $src $dsttmp" command. if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi && # Now rename the file to the real destination. $doit $rmcmd -f $dstdir/$dstfile && $doit $mvcmd $dsttmp $dstdir/$dstfile fi && exit 0 c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/missing0000755000076400001440000001637507055333347011722 #! /bin/sh # Common stub for a few missing GNU programs while installing. # Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # Originally by Fran,cois Pinard , 1996. # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) # any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA # 02111-1307, USA. if test $# -eq 0; then echo 1>&2 "Try \`$0 --help' for more information" exit 1 fi run=: case "$1" in --run) # Try to run requested program, and just exit if it succeeds. run= shift "$@" && exit 0 ;; esac # If it does not exist, or fails to run (possibly an outdated version), # try to emulate it. case "$1" in -h|--h|--he|--hel|--help) echo "\ $0 [OPTION]... PROGRAM [ARGUMENT]... Handle \`PROGRAM [ARGUMENT]...' for when PROGRAM is missing, or return an error status if there is no known handling for PROGRAM. Options: -h, --help display this help and exit -v, --version output version information and exit --run try to run the given command, and emulate it if it fails Supported PROGRAM values: aclocal touch file \`aclocal.m4' autoconf touch file \`configure' autoheader touch file \`config.h.in' automake touch all \`Makefile.in' files bison create \`y.tab.[ch]', if possible, from existing .[ch] flex create \`lex.yy.c', if possible, from existing .c lex create \`lex.yy.c', if possible, from existing .c makeinfo touch the output file tar try tar, gnutar, gtar, then tar without non-portable flags yacc create \`y.tab.[ch]', if possible, from existing .[ch]" ;; -v|--v|--ve|--ver|--vers|--versi|--versio|--version) echo "missing 0.2 - GNU automake" ;; -*) echo 1>&2 "$0: Unknown \`$1' option" echo 1>&2 "Try \`$0 --help' for more information" exit 1 ;; aclocal) echo 1>&2 "\ WARNING: \`$1' is missing on your system. You should only need it if you modified \`acinclude.m4' or \`configure.in'. You might want to install the \`Automake' and \`Perl' packages. Grab them from any GNU archive site." touch aclocal.m4 ;; autoconf) echo 1>&2 "\ WARNING: \`$1' is missing on your system. You should only need it if you modified \`configure.in'. You might want to install the \`Autoconf' and \`GNU m4' packages. Grab them from any GNU archive site." touch configure ;; autoheader) echo 1>&2 "\ WARNING: \`$1' is missing on your system. You should only need it if you modified \`acconfig.h' or \`configure.in'. You might want to install the \`Autoconf' and \`GNU m4' packages. Grab them from any GNU archive site." files=`sed -n 's/^[ ]*A[CM]_CONFIG_HEADER(\([^)]*\)).*/\1/p' configure.in` test -z "$files" && files="config.h" touch_files= for f in $files; do case "$f" in *:*) touch_files="$touch_files "`echo "$f" | sed -e 's/^[^:]*://' -e 's/:.*//'`;; *) touch_files="$touch_files $f.in";; esac done touch $touch_files ;; automake) echo 1>&2 "\ WARNING: \`$1' is missing on your system. You should only need it if you modified \`Makefile.am', \`acinclude.m4' or \`configure.in'. You might want to install the \`Automake' and \`Perl' packages. Grab them from any GNU archive site." find . -type f -name Makefile.am -print | sed 's/\.am$/.in/' | while read f; do touch "$f"; done ;; bison|yacc) echo 1>&2 "\ WARNING: \`$1' is missing on your system. You should only need it if you modified a \`.y' file. You may need the \`Bison' package in order for those modifications to take effect. 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You can get \`Flex' from any GNU archive site." rm -f lex.yy.c if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then eval LASTARG="\${$#}" case "$LASTARG" in *.l) SRCFILE=`echo "$LASTARG" | sed 's/l$/c/'` if [ -f "$SRCFILE" ]; then cp "$SRCFILE" lex.yy.c fi ;; esac fi if [ ! -f lex.yy.c ]; then echo 'main() { return 0; }' >lex.yy.c fi ;; makeinfo) echo 1>&2 "\ WARNING: \`$1' is missing on your system. You should only need it if you modified a \`.texi' or \`.texinfo' file, or any other file indirectly affecting the aspect of the manual. The spurious call might also be the consequence of using a buggy \`make' (AIX, DU, IRIX). You might want to install the \`Texinfo' package or the \`GNU make' package. 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Generated automatically from configure.in by autoheader. */ /* Defines if your system has the crypt function */ #undef HAVE_CRYPT /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_INTTYPES_H /* Define if you have libjpeg */ #undef HAVE_LIBJPEG /* Define if you have libpng */ #undef HAVE_LIBPNG /* Define if you have libz */ #undef HAVE_LIBZ /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_MEMORY_H /* Define if you have the res_init function */ #undef HAVE_RES_INIT /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STDINT_H /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STDLIB_H /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STRINGS_H /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STRING_H /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H /* C++ compiler supports template repository */ #undef HAVE_TEMPLATE_REPOSITORY /* Define if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_UNISTD_H /* Define if you want Xinerama support */ #undef HAVE_XINERAMA /* Name of package */ #undef PACKAGE /* The size of a `char', as computed by sizeof. */ #undef SIZEOF_CHAR /* The size of a `char *', as computed by sizeof. */ #undef SIZEOF_CHAR_P /* The size of a `int', as computed by sizeof. */ #undef SIZEOF_INT /* The size of a `long', as computed by sizeof. */ #undef SIZEOF_LONG /* Define if you have the ANSI C header files. */ #undef STDC_HEADERS /* Version number of package */ #undef VERSION /* Compatibility define */ #undef ksize_t /* Define the real type of socklen_t */ #undef socklen_t c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/Makefile.cvs0000644000076400001440000000070207406402660012533 all: @echo "This Makefile is only for the CVS repository" @echo "This will be deleted before making the distribution" @echo "" @if test ! -d admin; then \ echo "Please recheckout this module!" ;\ echo "for cvs: use checkout once and after that update again" ;\ echo "for cvsup: checkout kde-common from cvsup and" ;\ echo " link kde-common/admin to ./admin" ;\ exit 1 ;\ fi $(MAKE) -f admin/Makefile.common cvs .SILENT: c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/acinclude.m40000644000076400001440000042734507474405112012512 ## -*- autoconf -*- dnl This file is part of the KDE libraries/packages dnl Copyright (C) 1997 Janos Farkas (chexum@shadow.banki.hu) dnl (C) 1997,98,99 Stephan Kulow (coolo@kde.org) dnl This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public dnl License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either dnl version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. dnl This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU dnl Library General Public License for more details. dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License dnl along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to dnl the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, dnl Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. dnl IMPORTANT NOTE: dnl Please do not modify this file unless you expect your modifications to be dnl carried into every other module in the repository. If you decide that you dnl really want to modify it, contact coolo@kde.org mentioning that you have dnl and that the modified file should be committed to every module. dnl dnl Single-module modifications are best placed in configure.in for kdelibs dnl and kdebase or configure.in.in if present. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Forward compatibility macros (make autoconf 2.13 look like 2.50), dnl thanks to Raja R Harinath. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl ifdef([_AC_PATH_X_XMKMF],[], [AC_DEFUN([_AC_PATH_X_XMKMF],[AC_PATH_X_XMKMF])]) ifdef([AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS],[], [AC_DEFUN([AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS],[subdirs=$1; _AC_OUTPUT_SUBDIRS])]) ifdef([AM_PROG_AS],[], [AC_DEFUN([AM_PROG_AS,[])]) # KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT dnl Internal subroutine of AC_PATH_X. dnl Set ac_x_includes and/or ac_x_libraries. AC_DEFUN(KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT, [if test "$ac_x_includes" = NO; then # Guess where to find include files, by looking for this one X11 .h file. test -z "$x_direct_test_include" && x_direct_test_include=X11/Intrinsic.h # First, try using that file with no special directory specified. AC_TRY_CPP([#include <$x_direct_test_include>], [# We can compile using X headers with no special include directory. ac_x_includes=], [# Look for the header file in a standard set of common directories. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in \ /usr/X11/include \ /usr/X11R6/include \ /usr/X11R5/include \ /usr/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/include/X11 \ /usr/include/X11R6 \ /usr/include/X11R5 \ /usr/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/include \ /usr/local/X11R6/include \ /usr/local/X11R5/include \ /usr/local/X11R4/include \ \ /usr/local/include/X11 \ /usr/local/include/X11R6 \ /usr/local/include/X11R5 \ /usr/local/include/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/include \ /usr/x386/include \ /usr/XFree86/include/X11 \ \ /usr/include \ /usr/local/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /usr/athena/include \ /usr/local/x11r5/include \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/include \ \ /usr/openwin/include \ /usr/openwin/share/include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$x_direct_test_include"; then ac_x_includes=$ac_dir break fi done]) fi # $ac_x_includes = NO if test "$ac_x_libraries" = NO; then # Check for the libraries. test -z "$x_direct_test_library" && x_direct_test_library=Xt test -z "$x_direct_test_function" && x_direct_test_function=XtMalloc # See if we find them without any special options. # Don't add to $LIBS permanently. ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="-l$x_direct_test_library $LIBS" AC_TRY_LINK(, [${x_direct_test_function}()], [LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # We can link X programs with no special library path. ac_x_libraries=], [LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" # First see if replacing the include by lib works. # Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release. for ac_dir in `echo "$ac_x_includes" | sed s/include/lib/` \ /usr/X11/lib \ /usr/X11R6/lib \ /usr/X11R5/lib \ /usr/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/lib/X11 \ /usr/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/local/X11/lib \ /usr/local/X11R6/lib \ /usr/local/X11R5/lib \ /usr/local/X11R4/lib \ \ /usr/local/lib/X11 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R6 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R5 \ /usr/local/lib/X11R4 \ \ /usr/X386/lib \ /usr/x386/lib \ /usr/XFree86/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/lib \ /usr/local/lib \ /usr/unsupported/lib \ /usr/athena/lib \ /usr/local/x11r5/lib \ /usr/lpp/Xamples/lib \ /lib/usr/lib/X11 \ \ /usr/openwin/lib \ /usr/openwin/share/lib \ ; \ do dnl Don't even attempt the hair of trying to link an X program! for ac_extension in a so sl; do if test -r $ac_dir/lib${x_direct_test_library}.$ac_extension; then ac_x_libraries=$ac_dir break 2 fi done done]) fi # $ac_x_libraries = NO ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find a file (or one of more files in a list of dirs) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_FILE, [ $3=NO for i in $2; do for j in $1; do echo "configure: __oline__: $i/$j" >&AC_FD_CC if test -r "$i/$j"; then echo "taking that" >&AC_FD_CC $3=$i break 2 fi done done ]) dnl KDE_FIND_PATH(programm-name, variable-name, list of directories, dnl if-not-found, test-parameter) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_PATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $1]) if test -n "$$2"; then kde_cv_path="$$2"; else kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%./+-%__p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_path_$kde_cache, [ kde_cv_path="NONE" dirs="$3" kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $PATH; do dirs="$dirs $dir" done IFS=$kde_save_IFS for dir in $dirs; do if test -x "$dir/$1"; then if test -n "$5" then evalstr="$dir/$1 $5 2>&1 " if eval $evalstr; then kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi else kde_cv_path="$dir/$1" break fi fi done eval "kde_cv_path_$kde_cache=$kde_cv_path" ]) eval "kde_cv_path=\"`echo '$kde_cv_path_'$kde_cache`\"" fi if test -z "$kde_cv_path" || test "$kde_cv_path" = NONE; then AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) $4 else AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_path) $2=$kde_cv_path fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE, [ AC_MSG_ERROR([No Qt meta object compiler (moc) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running moc binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_moc and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable MOC to the right one before running configure. ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_UIC_ERROR_MESSAGE, [ AC_MSG_WARN([No Qt ui compiler (uic) found! Please check whether you installed Qt correctly. You need to have a running uic binary. configure tried to run $ac_cv_path_uic and the test didn't succeed. If configure shouldn't have tried this one, set the environment variable UIC to the right one before running configure. ]) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the meta object compiler and the ui compiler in the PATH, dnl in $QTDIR/bin, and some more usual places dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_MOC_UIC, [ qt_bindirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs $dir/bin $dir/src/moc" done qt_bindirs="$qt_bindirs /usr/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/local/qt/bin" if test ! "$ac_qt_bindir" = "NO"; then qt_bindirs="$ac_qt_bindir $qt_bindirs" fi KDE_FIND_PATH(moc, MOC, [$qt_bindirs], [KDE_MOC_ERROR_MESSAGE]) if test -z "$UIC_NOT_NEEDED"; then KDE_FIND_PATH(uic, UIC, [$qt_bindirs], [UIC=""]) if test -z "$UIC" ; then KDE_UIC_ERROR_MESSAGE exit 1 fi else UIC="echo uic not available: " fi AC_SUBST(MOC) AC_SUBST(UIC) UIC_TR="i18n" if test $kde_qtver = 3; then UIC_TR="QT_KDE_I18N" fi AC_SUBST(UIC_TR) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS, [ KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS KDE_TEST_RPATH= if test -n "$USE_RPATH"; then if test -n "$kde_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="-R $kde_libraries" fi if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $qt_libraries" fi if test -n "$x_libraries"; then KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH -R $x_libraries" fi KDE_TEST_RPATH="$KDE_TEST_RPATH $KDE_EXTRA_RPATH" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE libraries installed]) ac_link='$LIBTOOL_SHELL --silent --mode=link ${CXX-g++} -o conftest $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $all_libraries conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS -lkdecore $LIBQT $KDE_TEST_RPATH 1>&5' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system fails at linking a small KDE application! Check, if your compiler is installed correctly and if you have used the same compiler to compile Qt and kdelibs as you did use now. For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) fi if eval `KDEDIR= ./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_result=done else kde_result=problems fi KDEDIR= ./conftest 2> /dev/null >&5 # make an echo for config.log kde_have_all_paths=yes KDE_SET_PATHS($kde_result) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PATHS, [ kde_cv_all_paths="kde_have_all_paths=\"yes\" \ kde_htmldir=\"$kde_htmldir\" \ kde_appsdir=\"$kde_appsdir\" \ kde_icondir=\"$kde_icondir\" \ kde_sounddir=\"$kde_sounddir\" \ kde_datadir=\"$kde_datadir\" \ kde_locale=\"$kde_locale\" \ kde_cgidir=\"$kde_cgidir\" \ kde_confdir=\"$kde_confdir\" \ kde_mimedir=\"$kde_mimedir\" \ kde_toolbardir=\"$kde_toolbardir\" \ kde_wallpaperdir=\"$kde_wallpaperdir\" \ kde_templatesdir=\"$kde_templatesdir\" \ kde_bindir=\"$kde_bindir\" \ kde_servicesdir=\"$kde_servicesdir\" \ kde_servicetypesdir=\"$kde_servicetypesdir\" \ kde_moduledir=\"$kde_moduledir\" \ kde_result=$1" ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS, [ if test "$1" = "default"; then if test -z "$kde_htmldir"; then kde_htmldir='\${prefix}/share/doc/HTML' fi if test -z "$kde_appsdir"; then kde_appsdir='\${prefix}/share/applnk' fi if test -z "$kde_icondir"; then kde_icondir='\${prefix}/share/icons' fi if test -z "$kde_sounddir"; then kde_sounddir='\${prefix}/share/sounds' fi if test -z "$kde_datadir"; then kde_datadir='\${prefix}/share/apps' fi if test -z "$kde_locale"; then kde_locale='\${prefix}/share/locale' fi if test -z "$kde_cgidir"; then kde_cgidir='\${exec_prefix}/cgi-bin' fi if test -z "$kde_confdir"; then kde_confdir='\${prefix}/share/config' fi if test -z "$kde_mimedir"; then kde_mimedir='\${prefix}/share/mimelnk' fi if test -z "$kde_toolbardir"; then kde_toolbardir='\${prefix}/share/toolbar' fi if test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir"; then kde_wallpaperdir='\${prefix}/share/wallpapers' fi if test -z "$kde_templatesdir"; then kde_templatesdir='\${prefix}/share/templates' fi if test -z "$kde_bindir"; then kde_bindir='\${exec_prefix}/bin' fi if test -z "$kde_servicesdir"; then kde_servicesdir='\${prefix}/share/services' fi if test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir"; then kde_servicetypesdir='\${prefix}/share/servicetypes' fi if test -z "$kde_moduledir"; then kde_moduledir='\${exec_prefix}/lib/kde2' fi KDE_SET_PATHS(defaults) else if test $kde_qtver = 1; then AC_MSG_RESULT([compiling]) KDE_1_CHECK_PATHS else AC_MSG_ERROR([path checking not yet supported for KDE 2]) fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS, [ if test -z "$kde_htmldir" || test -z "$kde_appsdir" || test -z "$kde_icondir" || test -z "$kde_sounddir" || test -z "$kde_datadir" || test -z "$kde_locale" || test -z "$kde_cgidir" || test -z "$kde_confdir" || test -z "$kde_mimedir" || test -z "$kde_toolbardir" || test -z "$kde_wallpaperdir" || test -z "$kde_templatesdir" || test -z "$kde_bindir" || test -z "$kde_servicesdir" || test -z "$kde_servicetypesdir" || test -z "$kde_moduledir" || test "$kde_have_all_paths" != "yes"; then kde_have_all_paths=no fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR, [ AC_MSG_ERROR([The important program $1 was not found! Please check whether you installed KDE correctly. ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SUBST_PROGRAMS, [ kde_default_bindirs="/usr/bin /usr/local/bin /opt/local/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /opt/kde/bin /opt/kde2/bin /usr/kde/bin /usr/local/kde/bin" if test -n "$KDEDIRS"; then kde_save_IFS=$IFS IFS=: for dir in $KDEDIRS; do kde_default_bindirs="$dir/bin $kde_default_bindirs " done IFS=$kde_save_IFS fi kde_default_bindirs="$exec_prefix/bin $prefix/bin $kde_default_bindirs" KDE_FIND_PATH(dcopidl, DCOPIDL, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(dcopidl)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(dcopidl2cpp, DCOPIDL2CPP, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(dcopidl2cpp)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(mcopidl, MCOPIDL, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(mcopidl)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(artsc-config, ARTSCCONFIG, [$kde_default_bindirs], [KDE_MISSING_PROG_ERROR(artsc-config)]) KDE_FIND_PATH(kde-config, KDECONFIG, [$kde_default_bindirs]) KDE_FIND_PATH(meinproc, MEINPROC, [$kde_default_bindirs]) if test -n "$MEINPROC" && test ! "$MEINPROC" = "compiled"; then kde_sharedirs="/usr/share/kde /usr/local/share /usr/share /opt/kde2/share /opt/kde/share $prefix/share" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_sharedirs="$KDEDIR/share $kde_sharedirs" AC_FIND_FILE(apps/ksgmltools2/customization/kde-chunk.xsl, $kde_sharedirs, KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET) if test "$KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET" = "NO"; then KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET="" else KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET="$KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/kde-chunk.xsl" fi fi DCOP_DEPENDENCIES='$(DCOPIDL)' AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL) AC_SUBST(DCOPIDL2CPP) AC_SUBST(DCOP_DEPENDENCIES) AC_SUBST(MCOPIDL) AC_SUBST(ARTSCCONFIG) AC_SUBST(KDECONFIG) AC_SUBST(MEINPROC) AC_SUBST(KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET) if test -x "$KDECONFIG"; then # it can be "compiled" kde_libs_prefix=`$KDECONFIG --prefix` if test -z "$kde_libs_prefix" || test ! -x "$kde_libs_prefix"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([$KDECONFIG --prefix outputed the non existant prefix '$kde_libs_prefix' for kdelibs. This means it has been moved since you installed it. This won't work. Please recompile kdelibs for the new prefix. ]) fi kde_libs_htmldir=`$KDECONFIG --install html --expandvars` else kde_libs_prefix='$(prefix)' kde_libs_htmldir='$(kde_htmldir)' fi AC_SUBST(kde_libs_prefix) AC_SUBST(kde_libs_htmldir) ])dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CREATE_KFSSTND, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_RPATH]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE paths]) kde_result="" kde_cached_paths=yes AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_all_paths, [ KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS($1) kde_cached_paths=no ]) eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no" && test "$kde_cached_paths" = "yes"; then # wrong values were cached, may be, we can set better ones kde_result= kde_htmldir= kde_appsdir= kde_icondir= kde_sounddir= kde_datadir= kde_locale= kde_cgidir= kde_confdir= kde_mimedir= kde_toolbardir= kde_wallpaperdir= kde_templatesdir= kde_bindir= kde_servicesdir= kde_servicetypesdir= kde_moduledir= kde_have_all_paths= KDE_SET_DEFAULT_PATHS($1) eval "$kde_cv_all_paths" KDE_CHECK_PATHS_FOR_COMPLETENESS kde_result="$kde_result (cache overridden)" fi if test "$kde_have_all_paths" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([configure could not run a little KDE program to test the environment. Since it had compiled and linked before, it must be a strange problem on your system. Look at config.log for details. If you are not able to fix this, look at http://www.kde.org/faq/installation.html or any www.kde.org mirror. (If you're using an egcs version on Linux, you may update binutils!) ]) else rm -f conftest* AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_result) fi bindir=$kde_bindir KDE_SUBST_PROGRAMS ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_SUBST_KFSSTND, [ AC_SUBST(kde_htmldir) AC_SUBST(kde_appsdir) AC_SUBST(kde_icondir) AC_SUBST(kde_sounddir) AC_SUBST(kde_datadir) AC_SUBST(kde_locale) AC_SUBST(kde_confdir) AC_SUBST(kde_mimedir) AC_SUBST(kde_wallpaperdir) AC_SUBST(kde_bindir) dnl for KDE 2 AC_SUBST(kde_templatesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_servicesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_servicetypesdir) AC_SUBST(kde_moduledir) if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_minidir="$kde_icondir/mini" else # for KDE 1 - this breaks KDE2 apps using minidir, but # that's the plan ;-/ kde_minidir="/dev/null" fi dnl AC_SUBST(kde_minidir) dnl AC_SUBST(kde_cgidir) dnl AC_SUBST(kde_toolbardir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_MISC_TESTS, [ AC_LANG_C dnl Checks for libraries. AC_CHECK_LIB(util, main, [LIBUTIL="-lutil"]) dnl for *BSD AC_SUBST(LIBUTIL) AC_CHECK_LIB(compat, main, [LIBCOMPAT="-lcompat"]) dnl for *BSD AC_SUBST(LIBCOMPAT) kde_have_crypt= AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt, [LIBCRYPT="-lcrypt"; kde_have_crypt=yes], AC_CHECK_LIB(c, crypt, [kde_have_crypt=yes], [ AC_MSG_WARN([you have no crypt in either libcrypt or libc. You should install libcrypt from another source or configure with PAM support]) kde_have_crypt=no ])) AC_SUBST(LIBCRYPT) if test $kde_have_crypt = yes; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_CRYPT, 1, [Defines if your system has the crypt function]) fi AC_CHECK_SOCKLEN_T AC_LANG_C AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet"]) if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(dnet_stub, dnet_ntoa, [X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet_stub"]) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(inet_ntoa) if test $ac_cv_func_inet_ntoa = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(nsl, inet_ntoa, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl") fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(connect) if test $ac_cv_func_connect = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, connect, X_EXTRA_LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS", , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) fi AC_CHECK_FUNC(remove) if test $ac_cv_func_remove = no; then AC_CHECK_LIB(posix, remove, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lposix") fi # BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 needs -lipc for XOpenDisplay. AC_CHECK_FUNC(shmat, , AC_CHECK_LIB(ipc, shmat, X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lipc")) # Solaris 2.6 and others need -lresolv for res_init AC_CHECK_FUNCS(res_init, , [ kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS -lresolv" AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ], [ res_init(); ], LIBRESOLV="-lresolv" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBRESOLV" AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RES_INIT, 1, [Define if you have the res_init function]) ) LIBS=$kde_libs_safe ]) LIBSOCKET="$X_EXTRA_LIBS" AC_SUBST(LIBSOCKET) AC_SUBST(LIBRESOLV) AC_SUBST(X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_CHECK_LIB(ucb, killpg, [LIBUCB="-lucb"]) dnl for Solaris2.4 AC_SUBST(LIBUCB) case $host in dnl this *is* LynxOS specific *-*-lynxos* ) AC_MSG_CHECKING([LynxOS header file wrappers]) [CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -D__NO_INCLUDE_WARN__"] AC_MSG_RESULT(disabled) AC_CHECK_LIB(bsd, gethostbyname, [LIBSOCKET="-lbsd"]) dnl for LynxOS ;; esac KDE_CHECK_TYPES KDE_CHECK_LIBDL ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Find the header files and libraries for X-Windows. Extended the dnl macro AC_PATH_X dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(K_PATH_X, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CPP])dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS])dnl AC_MSG_CHECKING(for X) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_x, [# One or both of the vars are not set, and there is no cached value. if test "{$x_includes+set}" = set || test "$x_includes" = NONE; then kde_x_includes=NO else kde_x_includes=$x_includes fi if test "{$x_libraries+set}" = set || test "$x_libraries" = NONE; then kde_x_libraries=NO else kde_x_libraries=$x_libraries fi # below we use the standard autoconf calls ac_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries ac_x_includes=$kde_x_includes KDE_PATH_X_DIRECT dnl AC_PATH_X_XMKMF picks /usr/lib as the path for the X libraries. dnl Unfortunately, if compiling with the N32 ABI, this is not the correct dnl location. The correct location is /usr/lib32 or an undefined value dnl (the linker is smart enough to pick the correct default library). dnl Things work just fine if you use just AC_PATH_X_DIRECT. dnl Solaris has a similar problem. AC_PATH_X_XMKMF forces x_includes to dnl /usr/openwin/include, which doesn't work. /usr/include does work, so dnl x_includes should be left alone. case "$host" in mips-sgi-irix6*) ;; *-*-solaris*) ;; *) _AC_PATH_X_XMKMF if test -z "$ac_x_includes"; then ac_x_includes="." fi if test -z "$ac_x_libraries"; then ac_x_libraries="/usr/lib" fi esac #from now on we use our own again # when the user already gave --x-includes, we ignore # what the standard autoconf macros told us. if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then kde_x_includes=$ac_x_includes fi # for --x-libraries too if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then kde_x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries fi if test "$kde_x_includes" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X includes. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi if test "$kde_x_libraries" = NO; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Can't find X libraries. Please check your installation and add the correct paths!]) fi # Record where we found X for the cache. kde_cv_have_x="have_x=yes \ kde_x_includes=$kde_x_includes kde_x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries" ])dnl eval "$kde_cv_have_x" if test "$have_x" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT($have_x) no_x=yes else AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $kde_x_libraries, headers $kde_x_includes]) fi if test -z "$kde_x_includes" || test "x$kde_x_includes" = xNONE; then X_INCLUDES="" x_includes="."; dnl better than nothing :- else x_includes=$kde_x_includes X_INCLUDES="-I$x_includes" fi if test -z "$kde_x_libraries" || test "x$kde_x_libraries" = xNONE; then X_LDFLAGS="" x_libraries="/usr/lib"; dnl better than nothing :- else x_libraries=$kde_x_libraries X_LDFLAGS="-L$x_libraries" fi all_includes="$X_INCLUDES" all_libraries="$X_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(X_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(x_libraries) AC_SUBST(x_includes) # Check for libraries that X11R6 Xt/Xaw programs need. ac_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS" # SM needs ICE to (dynamically) link under SunOS 4.x (so we have to # check for ICE first), but we must link in the order -lSM -lICE or # we get undefined symbols. So assume we have SM if we have ICE. # These have to be linked with before -lX11, unlike the other # libraries we check for below, so use a different variable. # --interran@uluru.Stanford.EDU, kb@cs.umb.edu. AC_CHECK_LIB(ICE, IceConnectionNumber, [LIBSM="-lSM -lICE"], , $X_EXTRA_LIBS) AC_SUBST(LIBSM) LDFLAGS="$ac_save_LDFLAGS" AC_SUBST(X_PRE_LIBS) LIB_X11='-lX11 $(LIBSOCKET)' AC_SUBST(LIB_X11) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for libXext) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_libXext, [ kde_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" kde_libs_safe="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="-lXext -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #ifdef STDC_HEADERS # include #endif ], [ printf("hello Xext\n"); ], kde_cv_have_libXext=yes, kde_cv_have_libXext=no ) LDFLAGS=$kde_ldflags_safe LIBS=$kde_libs_safe ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_have_libXext) if test "$kde_cv_have_libXext" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([We need a working libXext to proceed. Since configure can't find it itself, we stop here assuming that make wouldn't find them either.]) fi AC_MSG_CHECKING(for Xinerama) AC_ARG_WITH(xinerama, [ --with-xinerama enable support for Xinerama ], [ no_xinerama=no ], [ no_xinerama=yes ] ) kde_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -I$x_includes" LIBS="-lXinerama -lXext" if test "x$no_xinerama" = "xno"; then AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_xinerama, [ AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [XineramaIsActive(NULL);], [ac_cv_have_xinerama="yes"], [ac_cv_have_xinerama="no"]) ]) else ac_cv_have_xinerama=no; fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_xinerama) LIBXINERAMA="" if test "$ac_cv_have_xinerama" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XINERAMA, 1, [Define if you want Xinerama support]) LIBXINERAMA="-lXinerama" fi AC_SUBST(LIBXINERAMA) LDFLAGS="$kde_save_LDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #include EOF if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < #include #include EOF if test $kde_qtsubver -gt 0; then cat >> conftest.$ac_ext < EOF fi fi echo "#if ! ($kde_qt_verstring)" >> conftest.$ac_ext cat >> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <> conftest.$ac_ext <&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LD_LIBRARY_PATH_safe" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH="$ac_LIBRARY_PATH" export LIBRARY_PATH AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "$kde_cv_qt_direct" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Try to find the Qt headers and libraries. dnl $(QT_LDFLAGS) will be -Lqtliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(QT_INCLUDES) will be -Iqthdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT_1_3, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_USE_QT]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Add configure flag to enable linking to MT version of Qt library. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ AC_ARG_ENABLE( mt, [ --enable-mt link to threaded Qt (experimental)], kde_use_qt_mt=$enableval, kde_use_qt_mt=no ) USING_QT_MT="" dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we got --enable-qt-mt then adjust some vars for the host. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DQT_THREAD_SUPPORT -pthread" X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -pthread" else AC_MSG_WARN([Compiler is not gcc. MT support disabled.]) fi ;; *) AC_MSG_WARN([MT not yet supported on $host - disabled.]) ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=yes dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we haven't been told how to link to Qt, we work it out for ourselves. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test -z "$LIBQT_GLOB"; then LIBQT_GLOB="libqt.*" fi if test -z "$LIBQT"; then LIBQT="-lqt" kde_int_qt="-lqt" dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl If we got --enable-qt-mt then adjust the Qt library name for the host. dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if test "x$kde_use_qt_mt" = "xyes"; then case $host in *-*-linux-*) if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then LIBQT="-lqt-mt" kde_int_qt="-lqt-mt" LIBQT_GLOB="libqt-mt.*" USING_QT_MT="using -mt" fi ;; esac fi kde_qt_was_given=no else kde_int_qt="$LIBQT" fi if test $kde_qtver != 1; then AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_PNG]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $LIBPNG $LIBJPEG" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Qt]) LIBQT="$LIBQT $X_PRE_LIBS -lXext -lX11 $LIBSM $LIBSOCKET" ac_qt_includes=NO ac_qt_libraries=NO ac_qt_bindir=NO qt_libraries="" qt_includes="" AC_ARG_WITH(qt-dir, [ --with-qt-dir=DIR where the root of Qt is installed ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval"/include ac_qt_libraries="$withval"/lib ac_qt_bindir="$withval"/bin ]) AC_ARG_WITH(qt-includes, [ --with-qt-includes=DIR where the Qt includes are. ], [ ac_qt_includes="$withval" ]) kde_qt_libs_given=no AC_ARG_WITH(qt-libraries, [ --with-qt-libraries=DIR where the Qt library is installed.], [ ac_qt_libraries="$withval" kde_qt_libs_given=yes ]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_qt, [#try to guess Qt locations qt_incdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_incdirs="$qt_incdirs $dir/include $dir" done qt_incdirs="$QTINC $qt_incdirs /usr/local/qt/include /usr/include/qt /usr/include /usr/X11R6/include/X11/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt /usr/X11R6/include/qt2 $x_includes" if test ! "$ac_qt_includes" = "NO"; then qt_incdirs="$ac_qt_includes $qt_incdirs" fi if test "$kde_qtver" != "1"; then kde_qt_header=qstyle.h else kde_qt_header=qglobal.h fi AC_FIND_FILE($kde_qt_header, $qt_incdirs, qt_incdir) ac_qt_includes="$qt_incdir" qt_libdirs="" for dir in $kde_qt_dirs; do qt_libdirs="$qt_libdirs $dir/lib $dir" done qt_libdirs="$QTLIB $qt_libdirs /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/lib /usr/local/qt/lib $x_libraries" if test ! "$ac_qt_libraries" = "NO"; then qt_libdir=$ac_qt_libraries else qt_libdirs="$ac_qt_libraries $qt_libdirs" # if the Qt was given, the chance is too big that libqt.* doesn't exist qt_libdir=NONE for dir in $qt_libdirs; do try="ls -1 $dir/${LIBQT_GLOB}" if test -n "`$try 2> /dev/null`"; then qt_libdir=$dir; break; else echo "tried $dir" >&AC_FD_CC ; fi done fi ac_qt_libraries="$qt_libdir" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" ac_ldflags_safe="$LDFLAGS" ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$qt_libdir $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBQT" KDE_PRINT_QT_PROGRAM if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_link) && test -s conftest; then rm -f conftest* else echo "configure: failed program was:" >&AC_FD_CC cat conftest.$ac_ext >&AC_FD_CC ac_qt_libraries="NO" fi rm -f conftest* CXXFLAGS="$ac_cxxflags_safe" LDFLAGS="$ac_ldflags_safe" LIBS="$ac_libs_safe" AC_LANG_RESTORE if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO || test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=no" ac_qt_notfound="" if test "$ac_qt_includes" = NO; then if test "$ac_qt_libraries" = NO; then ac_qt_notfound="(headers and libraries)"; else ac_qt_notfound="(headers)"; fi else ac_qt_notfound="(libraries)"; fi AC_MSG_ERROR([Qt ($kde_qt_minversion) $ac_qt_notfound not found. Please check your installation! For more details about this problem, look at the end of config.log.]) else have_qt="yes" fi ]) eval "$ac_cv_have_qt" if test "$have_qt" != yes; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$have_qt]); else ac_cv_have_qt="have_qt=yes \ ac_qt_includes=$ac_qt_includes ac_qt_libraries=$ac_qt_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_qt_libraries, headers $ac_qt_includes $USING_QT_MT]) qt_libraries="$ac_qt_libraries" qt_includes="$ac_qt_includes" fi if test ! "$kde_qt_libs_given" = "yes"; then KDE_CHECK_QT_DIRECT(qt_libraries= ,[]) fi AC_SUBST(qt_libraries) AC_SUBST(qt_includes) if test "$qt_includes" = "$x_includes" || test -z "$qt_includes"; then QT_INCLUDES=""; else QT_INCLUDES="-I$qt_includes" all_includes="$QT_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi if test "$qt_libraries" = "$x_libraries" || test -z "$qt_libraries"; then QT_LDFLAGS="" else QT_LDFLAGS="-L$qt_libraries" all_libraries="$all_libraries $QT_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(QT_INCLUDES) AC_SUBST(QT_LDFLAGS) AC_PATH_QT_MOC_UIC LIB_QT="$kde_int_qt "'$(LIBPNG) $(LIBJPEG) -lXext $(LIB_X11) $(LIBSM)' AC_SUBST(LIB_QT) AC_SUBST(kde_qtver) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_QT, [ AC_PATH_QT_1_3 ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_FINAL, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(final, [ --enable-final build size optimized apps (experimental - needs lots of memory)], kde_use_final=$enableval, kde_use_final=no) KDE_COMPILER_REPO if test "x$kde_use_final" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="#" else KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE) AC_ARG_ENABLE(closure, [ --disable-closure don't delay template instantiation], kde_use_closure=$enableval, kde_use_closure=yes) if test "x$kde_use_closure" = "xyes"; then KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="#" # CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $REPO" else KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE="#" KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE="" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE) AC_SUBST(KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Now, the same with KDE dnl $(KDE_LDFLAGS) will be the kdeliblocation (if needed) dnl and $(kde_includes) will be the kdehdrlocation (if needed) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_BASE_PATH_KDE, [ AC_PREREQ([2.13]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_PATH_QT])dnl AC_CHECK_RPATH AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE]) if test "${prefix}" != NONE; then kde_includes=${prefix}/include ac_kde_includes=$prefix/include if test "${exec_prefix}" != NONE; then kde_libraries=${exec_prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$exec_prefix/lib else kde_libraries=${prefix}/lib ac_kde_libraries=$prefix/lib fi else ac_kde_includes= ac_kde_libraries= kde_libraries="" kde_includes="" fi AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_kde, [#try to guess kde locations if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then kde_check_header="ksock.h" kde_check_lib="libkdecore.la" else kde_check_header="ksharedptr.h" kde_check_lib="libkio.la" fi if test -z "$1"; then kde_incdirs="/usr/lib/kde/include /usr/local/kde/include /usr/local/include /usr/kde/include /usr/include/kde /usr/include /opt/kde2/include /opt/kde/include $x_includes $qt_includes" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_incdirs="$KDEDIR/include $KDEDIR/include/kde $KDEDIR $kde_incdirs" kde_incdirs="$ac_kde_includes $kde_incdirs" AC_FIND_FILE($kde_check_header, $kde_incdirs, kde_incdir) ac_kde_includes="$kde_incdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_includes" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_includes/$kde_check_header"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE headers installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi kde_libdirs="/usr/lib/kde/lib /usr/local/kde/lib /usr/kde/lib /usr/lib/kde /usr/lib /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib /opt/kde2/lib /opt/kde/lib /usr/X11R6/kde/lib" test -n "$KDEDIR" && kde_libdirs="$KDEDIR/lib $KDEDIR $kde_libdirs" kde_libdirs="$ac_kde_libraries $kde_libdirs" AC_FIND_FILE($kde_check_lib, $kde_libdirs, kde_libdir) ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test -n "$ac_kde_libraries" && test ! -r "$ac_kde_libraries/$kde_check_lib"; then AC_MSG_ERROR([ in the prefix, you've chosen, are no KDE libraries installed. This will fail. So, check this please and use another prefix!]) fi ac_kde_libraries="$kde_libdir" if test "$ac_kde_includes" = NO || test "$ac_kde_libraries" = NO; then ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" fi else dnl test -z $1 ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=no" fi ])dnl eval "$ac_cv_have_kde" if test "$have_kde" != "yes"; then if test "${prefix}" = NONE; then ac_kde_prefix="$ac_default_prefix" else ac_kde_prefix="$prefix" fi if test "$exec_prefix" = NONE; then ac_kde_exec_prefix="$ac_kde_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix]) else ac_kde_exec_prefix="$exec_prefix" AC_MSG_RESULT([will be installed in $ac_kde_prefix and $ac_kde_exec_prefix]) fi kde_libraries="${ac_kde_exec_prefix}/lib" kde_includes=${ac_kde_prefix}/include else ac_cv_have_kde="have_kde=yes \ ac_kde_includes=$ac_kde_includes ac_kde_libraries=$ac_kde_libraries" AC_MSG_RESULT([libraries $ac_kde_libraries, headers $ac_kde_includes]) kde_libraries="$ac_kde_libraries" kde_includes="$ac_kde_includes" fi AC_SUBST(kde_libraries) AC_SUBST(kde_includes) if test "$kde_includes" = "$x_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "$qt_includes" || test "$kde_includes" = "/usr/include"; then KDE_INCLUDES="" else KDE_INCLUDES="-I$kde_includes" all_includes="$KDE_INCLUDES $all_includes" fi KDE_LDFLAGS="-L$kde_libraries" if test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$x_libraries" && test ! "$kde_libraries" = "$qt_libraries" ; then all_libraries="$all_libraries $KDE_LDFLAGS" fi AC_SUBST(KDE_LDFLAGS) AC_SUBST(KDE_INCLUDES) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) all_libraries="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS" all_includes="$all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_SUBST(all_includes) AC_SUBST(all_libraries) AC_SUBST(AUTODIRS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra includes) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-includes, [ --with-extra-includes=DIR adds non standard include paths], kde_use_extra_includes="$withval", kde_use_extra_includes=NONE ) kde_extra_includes= if test -n "$kde_use_extra_includes" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_includes" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_includes; do kde_extra_includes="$kde_extra_includes $dir" USER_INCLUDES="$USER_INCLUDES -I$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_includes="added" else kde_use_extra_includes="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_INCLUDES) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_includes) kde_extra_libs= AC_MSG_CHECKING(for extra libs) AC_ARG_WITH(extra-libs, [ --with-extra-libs=DIR adds non standard library paths], kde_use_extra_libs=$withval, kde_use_extra_libs=NONE ) if test -n "$kde_use_extra_libs" && \ test "$kde_use_extra_libs" != "NONE"; then ac_save_ifs=$IFS IFS=':' for dir in $kde_use_extra_libs; do kde_extra_libs="$kde_extra_libs $dir" KDE_EXTRA_RPATH="$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH -R $dir" USER_LDFLAGS="$USER_LDFLAGS -L$dir" done IFS=$ac_save_ifs kde_use_extra_libs="added" else kde_use_extra_libs="no" fi AC_SUBST(USER_LDFLAGS) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_use_extra_libs) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_1_CHECK_PATH_HEADERS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for KDE headers installed]) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include "confdefs.h" #include int main() { printf("kde_htmldir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_htmldir().data()); printf("kde_appsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_appsdir().data()); printf("kde_icondir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_icondir().data()); printf("kde_sounddir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_sounddir().data()); printf("kde_datadir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_datadir().data()); printf("kde_locale=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_localedir().data()); printf("kde_cgidir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_cgidir().data()); printf("kde_confdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_configdir().data()); printf("kde_mimedir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_mimedir().data()); printf("kde_toolbardir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_toolbardir().data()); printf("kde_wallpaperdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_wallpaperdir().data()); printf("kde_bindir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_bindir().data()); printf("kde_partsdir=\\"%s\\"\n", KApplication::kde_partsdir().data()); printf("kde_servicesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_servicetypesdir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); printf("kde_moduledir=\\"/tmp/dummy\\"\n"); return 0; } EOF ac_compile='${CXX-g++} -c $CXXFLAGS $all_includes $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small KDE application! 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then ac_use_path_checking="default" else ac_use_path_checking="" fi ], [ if test "$kde_qtver" = 1; then ac_use_path_checking="" else ac_use_path_checking="default" fi ] ) AC_CREATE_KFSSTND($ac_use_path_checking) AC_SUBST_KFSSTND KDE_CREATE_LIBS_ALIASES ]) dnl obsolete AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_SETENV, [ AC_OBSOLETE([$0], [; instead use AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setenv unsetenv])])dnl AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setenv unsetenv]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETDOMAINNAME, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for getdomainname) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_getdomainname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" kde_safe_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; getdomainname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_getdomainname=yes, ac_cv_func_getdomainname=no) CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" LIBS=$kde_safe_LIBS AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_getdomainname) AC_MSG_CHECKING([if getdomainname needs custom prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_proto_getdomainname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_getdomainname`\" = yes"; then ac_cv_proto_getdomainname=no else kde_safe_libs=$LIBS LIBS="$LIBS $X_EXTRA_LIBS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include extern "C" int getdomainname (char *, int); ], [ char buffer[200]; getdomainname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_getdomainname=yes ac_cv_proto_getdomainname=yes, AC_MSG_RESULT([fatal error]) AC_MSG_ERROR([getdomainname unavailable])) fi LIBS=$kde_safe_libs AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_proto_getdomainname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_getdomainname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETDOMAINNAME, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname]) fi if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_proto_getdomainname`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETDOMAINNAME_PROTO, 1, [Define if you have getdomainname prototype]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GETHOSTNAME, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for gethostname]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_gethostname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -pedantic-errors" fi AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include ], [ char buffer[200]; gethostname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_gethostname=yes, ac_cv_func_gethostname=no) CXXFLAGS="$save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_gethostname) AC_MSG_CHECKING([if gethostname needs custom prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_proto_gethostname, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_gethostname`\" = yes"; then ac_cv_proto_gethostname=no else AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include extern "C" int gethostname (char *, int); ], [ char buffer[200]; gethostname(buffer, 200); ], ac_cv_func_gethostname=yes ac_cv_proto_gethostname=yes, AC_MSG_RESULT([fatal error]) AC_MSG_ERROR(gethostname unavailable)) fi AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_proto_gethostname) if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_proto_gethostname`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETHOSTNAME_PROTO, 1, [Define if you have gethostname prototype]) fi if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_func_gethostname`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GETHOSTNAME, 1, [Define if you have gethostname]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_USLEEP, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for usleep]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_func_usleep, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_libs_safe="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBUCB" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include ], [ usleep(200); 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then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBGIF, 1, [Define if you have libgif]) else AC_MSG_ERROR(You need giflib30. Please install the kdesupport package) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libjpeg$2]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -ljpeg$2 -lm" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK( [/* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error. */ struct jpeg_decompress_struct; typedef struct jpeg_decompress_struct * j_decompress_ptr; typedef int size_t; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void jpeg_CreateDecompress(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int version, size_t structsize); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2 builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ ], [jpeg_CreateDecompress(0L, 0, 0);], eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=-ljpeg$2", eval "ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1=no") LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" ]) if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1`\" = no"; then LIBJPEG="$ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_jpeg_$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $3 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_JPEG, [ dnl first look for libraries KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(6b, 6b, KDE_FIND_JPEG_HELPER(normal, [], [ LIBJPEG= ] ) ) dnl then search the headers (can't use simply AC_TRY_xxx, as jpeglib.h dnl requires system dependent includes loaded before it) jpeg_incdirs="/usr/include /usr/local/include $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(jpeglib.h, $jpeg_incdirs, jpeg_incdir) test "x$jpeg_incdir" = xNO && jpeg_incdir= dnl if headers _and_ libraries are missing, this is no error, and we dnl continue with a warning (the user will get no jpeg support in khtml) dnl if only one is missing, it means a configuration error, but we still dnl only warn if test -n "$jpeg_incdir" && test -n "$LIBJPEG" ; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBJPEG, 1, [Define if you have libjpeg]) else if test -n "$jpeg_incdir" || test -n "$LIBJPEG" ; then AC_MSG_WARN([ There is an installation error in jpeg support. You seem to have only one of either the headers _or_ the libraries installed. You may need to either provide correct --with-extra-... options, or the development package of libjpeg6b. You can get a source package of libjpeg from http://www.ijg.org/ Disabling JPEG support. ]) else AC_MSG_WARN([libjpeg not found. disable JPEG support.]) fi jpeg_incdir= LIBJPEG= fi AC_SUBST(LIBJPEG) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_ZLIB, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libz]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_z, [ AC_LANG_C kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lz $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (zlibVersion() == ZLIB_VERSION); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_z='-lz'", eval "ac_cv_lib_z=no") LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if test ! "$ac_cv_lib_z" = no; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBZ, 1, [Define if you have libz]) LIBZ="$ac_cv_lib_z" AC_SUBST(LIBZ) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_z) else AC_MSG_ERROR(not found. Check your installation and look into config.log) LIBZ="" AC_SUBST(LIBZ) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libtiff $1]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libtiff_$1, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ -lX11 $LIBSOCKET -lm" kde_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [return (TIFFOpen( "", "r") == 0); ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1="-l$1 $LIBJPEG $LIBZ" ], [ kde_cv_libtiff_$1=no ]) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBTIFF="" $3 else LIBTIFF="$kde_cv_libtiff_$1" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBTIFF, 1, [Define if you have libtiff]) $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_TIFF, [ AC_REQUIRE([K_PATH_X]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff, [], KDE_TRY_TIFFLIB(tiff34)) AC_SUBST(LIBTIFF) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_PNG, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_ZLIB]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libpng]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_png, [ kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries $USER_LDFLAGS -lpng $LIBZ -lm -lX11 $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK(dnl [ #include ], [ png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct( /* image ptr */ PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0 ); return( png_ptr != 0 ); ], eval "ac_cv_lib_png='-lpng $LIBZ -lm'", eval "ac_cv_lib_png=no" ) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" CFLAGS="$kde_save_CFLAGS" ])dnl if eval "test ! \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_png`\" = no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_LIBPNG, 1, [Define if you have libpng]) LIBPNG="$ac_cv_lib_png" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_lib_png) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBPNG="" AC_SUBST(LIBPNG) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_BOOL, [ AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_BOOL, 1, [You _must_ have bool]) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_GNU_EXTENSIONS, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(if you need GNU extensions) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_gnu_extensions, [ cat > conftest.c << EOF #include #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__ yes #endif EOF if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.c") 2>&5 | egrep "yes" >/dev/null 2>&1; then rm -rf conftest* ac_cv_gnu_extensions=yes else ac_cv_gnu_extensions=no fi ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_gnu_extensions) if test "$ac_cv_gnu_extensions" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(_GNU_SOURCE, 1, [Define if you need to use the GNU extensions]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG, [ dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) <- breaks with autoconf 2.50 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports -$1) kde_cache=`echo $1 | sed 'y%.=/+-%___p_%'` AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_prog_cxx_$kde_cache, [ echo 'int main() { return 0; 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dnl then kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=yes else kde_use_debug_code="yes" kde_use_debug_define=no fi ], [kde_use_debug_code="no" kde_use_debug_define=no ]) dnl Just for configure --help AC_ARG_ENABLE(dummyoption,[ --disable-debug disables debug output and debug symbols [default=no]],[],[]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(strict,[ --enable-strict compiles with strict compiler options (may not work!)], [ if test $enableval = "no"; then kde_use_strict_options="no" else kde_use_strict_options="yes" fi ], [kde_use_strict_options="no"]) AC_ARG_ENABLE(profile,[ --enable-profile creates profiling infos [default=no]], [kde_use_profiling=$enableval], [kde_use_profiling="no"] ) dnl this prevents stupid AC_PROG_CC to add "-g" to the default CFLAGS CFLAGS=" $CFLAGS" AC_PROG_CC if test "$GCC" = "yes"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="-g -O2 $CFLAGS" case $host in *-*-linux-gnu) CFLAGS="-ansi -W -Wall -pedantic -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_BSD_SOURCE $CFLAGS" ;; esac else CFLAGS="-O2 $CFLAGS" fi fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CFLAGS" fi case "$host" in *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE $CFLAGS";; *-*-sysv5uw7*) CFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE7 $CFLAGS";; esac if test -z "$LDFLAGS" && test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "no" && test "$GCC" = "yes"; then LDFLAGS="" fi CXXFLAGS=" $CXXFLAGS" AC_PROG_CXX if test "$GXX" = "yes"; then if test "$kde_use_debug_code" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-g -O2 -Wall -pedantic -W -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings $CXXFLAGS" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(Wno-long-long,[CXXFLAGS="-Wno-long-long $CXXFLAGS"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(Wnon-virtual-dtor,[CXXFLAGS="-Wnon-virtual-dtor $CXXFLAGS"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-builtin,[CXXFLAGS="-fno-builtin $CXXFLAGS"]) case $host in dnl *-*-linux-gnu) CXXFLAGS="-ansi -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_BSD_SOURCE -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align -Wundef -Wconversion $CXXFLAGS" ;; esac if test "$kde_use_strict_options" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-Wcast-qual -Wbad-function-cast -Wshadow -Wcast-align $CXXFLAGS" fi if test "$kde_very_strict" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-Wold-style-cast -Wredundant-decls -Wconversion $CXXFLAGS" fi else CXXFLAGS="-O2 $CXXFLAGS" fi fi if test "$kde_use_debug_define" = "yes"; then CXXFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CXXFLAGS" fi if test "$kde_use_profiling" = "yes"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(pg, [ CFLAGS="-pg $CFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="-pg $CXXFLAGS" ]) fi KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-exceptions,[CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-exceptions"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fno-check-new, [CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -fno-check-new"]) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(fexceptions, [USE_EXCEPTIONS="-fexceptions"], USE_EXCEPTIONS= ) AC_SUBST(USE_EXCEPTIONS) dnl obsolete macro - provided to keep things going USE_RTTI= AC_SUBST(USE_RTTI) case "$host" in *-*-irix*) test "$GXX" = yes && CXXFLAGS="-D_LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS -D__LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS $CXXFLAGS" ;; *-*-sysv4.2uw*) CXXFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE $CXXFLAGS";; *-*-sysv5uw7*) CXXFLAGS="-D_UNIXWARE7 $CXXFLAGS";; *-*-solaris*) if test "$GXX" = yes; then libstdcpp=`$CXX -print-file-name=libstdc++.so` if test ! -f $libstdcpp; then AC_MSG_ERROR([You've compiled gcc without --enable-shared. This doesn't work with KDE. Please recompile gcc with --enable-shared to receive a libstdc++.so]) fi fi ;; esac AC_VALIDIFY_CXXFLAGS AC_PROG_CXXCPP # the following is to allow programs, that are known to # have problems when compiled with -O2 if test -n "$CXXFLAGS"; then kde_safe_IFS=$IFS IFS=" " NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="" for i in $CXXFLAGS; do case $i in -O*) ;; *) NOOPT_CXXFLAGS="$NOOPT_CXXFLAGS $i" ;; esac done IFS=$kde_safe_IFS fi AC_SUBST(NOOPT_CXXFLAGS) KDE_CHECK_FINAL ifdef([AM_DEPENDENCIES], AC_REQUIRE([KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES]), []) KDE_CXXFLAGS= AC_SUBST(KDE_CXXFLAGS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_DEPENDENCIES, [ [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CC) [A]M_DEPENDENCIES(CXX) ]) dnl just a wrapper to clean up configure.in AC_DEFUN(KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_COMPILERS]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_SHARED]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_STATIC]) AC_REQUIRE([AC_LIBTOOL_DLOPEN]) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_OBJEXT AC_EXEEXT AC_LANG_RESTORE AM_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_LIBTOOL_CXX LIBTOOL_SHELL="/bin/sh ./libtool" # LIBTOOL="$LIBTOOL --silent" KDE_PLUGIN="-avoid-version -module -no-undefined \$(KDE_RPATH)" AC_SUBST(KDE_PLUGIN) AC_ARG_ENABLE(objprelink, [ --enable-objprelink prelink apps using objprelink (experimental [only tested on linux/386])], kde_use_objprelink=$enableval, kde_use_objprelink=no) if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then KDE_FIND_PATH(objprelink, OBJPRELINK, [], [kde_use_objprelink=no]) if test "x$kde_use_objprelink" = "xyes"; then AC_MSG_CHECKING([Patching libtool to run objprelink.]) mv libtool libtool.orig cat > libtool <<\EOF #! /bin/sh for n ; do case $n in *.o) test -r $n && echo objprelink $n && objprelink $n ;; *.lo) m=`basename $n .lo`".o" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m m=".libs/$m" && test -r $m && echo objprelink $m && objprelink $m ;; esac; done EOF cat >> libtool libtool.orig rm libtool.orig chmod a+x libtool AC_MSG_RESULT(done) fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_TYPES, [ AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char *, 4)dnl AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char, 1)dnl ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_DO_IT_ALL, [ AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM AC_ARG_PROGRAM AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE($1, $2) AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) AC_CHECK_COMPILERS KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AM_KDE_WITH_NLS AC_PATH_KDE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_RPATH, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for rpath) AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath, [ --disable-rpath do not use the rpath feature of ld], USE_RPATH=$enableval, USE_RPATH=yes) if test -z "$KDE_RPATH" && test "$USE_RPATH" = "yes"; then KDE_RPATH="-R \$(kde_libraries)" if test -n "$qt_libraries"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(qt_libraries)" fi dnl $x_libraries is set to /usr/lib in case if test -n "$X_LDFLAGS"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH -R \$(x_libraries)" fi if test -n "$KDE_EXTRA_RPATH"; then KDE_RPATH="$KDE_RPATH \$(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH)" fi fi AC_SUBST(KDE_EXTRA_RPATH) AC_SUBST(KDE_RPATH) AC_MSG_RESULT($USE_RPATH) ]) dnl Check for the type of the third argument of getsockname AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_SOCKLEN_T, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for socklen_t) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_socklen_t, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ socklen_t a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_socklen_t=socklen_t, AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include #include ],[ int a=0; getsockname(0,(struct sockaddr*)0, &a); ], ac_cv_socklen_t=int, ac_cv_socklen_t=size_t ) ) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_socklen_t) if test "$ac_cv_socklen_t" != "socklen_t"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(socklen_t, $ac_cv_socklen_t, [Define the real type of socklen_t]) fi AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(ksize_t, socklen_t, [Compatibility define]) ]) dnl This is a merge of some macros out of the gettext aclocal.m4 dnl since we don't need anything, I took the things we need dnl the copyright for them is: dnl > dnl Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. dnl This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. dnl This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without dnl even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A dnl PARTICULAR PURPOSE. dnl > dnl for this file it is relicensed under LGPL AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_WITH_NLS, [ dnl If we use NLS figure out what method AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(MSGFMT, msgfmt, [test -n "`$ac_dir/$ac_word --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"], msgfmt) AC_PATH_PROG(GMSGFMT, gmsgfmt, $MSGFMT) if test -z "`$GMSGFMT --version 2>&1 | grep 'GNU gettext'`"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([found msgfmt program is not GNU msgfmt; ignore it]) GMSGFMT=":" fi MSGFMT=$GMSGFMT AC_SUBST(GMSGFMT) AC_SUBST(MSGFMT) AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(XGETTEXT, xgettext, [test -z "`$ac_dir/$ac_word -h 2>&1 | grep '(HELP)'`"], :) dnl Test whether we really found GNU xgettext. if test "$XGETTEXT" != ":"; then dnl If it is no GNU xgettext we define it as : so that the dnl Makefiles still can work. if $XGETTEXT --omit-header /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then : ; else AC_MSG_RESULT( [found xgettext programs is not GNU xgettext; ignore it]) XGETTEXT=":" fi fi AC_SUBST(XGETTEXT) ]) # Search path for a program which passes the given test. # Ulrich Drepper , 1996. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I appended a _KDE against name conflicts dnl AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE(VARIABLE, PROG-TO-CHECK-FOR, dnl TEST-PERFORMED-ON-FOUND_PROGRAM [, VALUE-IF-NOT-FOUND [, PATH]]) AC_DEFUN(AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST_KDE, [# Extract the first word of "$2", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $2; ac_word=[$]2 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $ac_word]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_$1, [case "[$]$1" in /*) ac_cv_path_$1="[$]$1" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) IFS="${IFS= }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for ac_dir in ifelse([$5], , $PATH, [$5]); do test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=. if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then if [$3]; then ac_cv_path_$1="$ac_dir/$ac_word" break fi fi done IFS="$ac_save_ifs" dnl If no 4th arg is given, leave the cache variable unset, dnl so AC_PATH_PROGS will keep looking. ifelse([$4], , , [ test -z "[$]ac_cv_path_$1" && ac_cv_path_$1="$4" ])dnl ;; esac])dnl $1="$ac_cv_path_$1" if test -n "[$]$1"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([$]$1) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) fi AC_SUBST($1)dnl ]) # Check whether LC_MESSAGES is available in . # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 AC_DEFUN(AM_LC_MESSAGES, [if test $ac_cv_header_locale_h = yes; then AC_CACHE_CHECK([for LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include ], [return LC_MESSAGES], am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=yes, am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES=no)]) if test $am_cv_val_LC_MESSAGES = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LC_MESSAGES, 1, [Define if your locale.h file contains LC_MESSAGES]) fi fi]) dnl From Jim Meyering. dnl FIXME: migrate into libit. AC_DEFUN([AM_FUNC_OBSTACK], [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for obstacks], am_cv_func_obstack, [AC_TRY_LINK([#include "obstack.h"], [struct obstack *mem;obstack_free(mem,(char *) 0)], am_cv_func_obstack=yes, am_cv_func_obstack=no)]) if test $am_cv_func_obstack = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OBSTACK) else LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS obstack.o" fi ]) dnl From Jim Meyering. Use this if you use the GNU error.[ch]. dnl FIXME: Migrate into libit AC_DEFUN([AM_FUNC_ERROR_AT_LINE], [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for error_at_line], am_cv_lib_error_at_line, [AC_TRY_LINK([],[error_at_line(0, 0, "", 0, "");], am_cv_lib_error_at_line=yes, am_cv_lib_error_at_line=no)]) if test $am_cv_lib_error_at_line = no; then LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS error.o" fi AC_SUBST(LIBOBJS)dnl ]) # Macro to add for using GNU gettext. # Ulrich Drepper , 1995. # serial 1 # Stephan Kulow: I put a KDE in it to avoid name conflicts AC_DEFUN(AM_KDE_GNU_GETTEXT, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_MAKE_SET])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_RANLIB])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_HEADER_STDC])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_OFF_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_SIZE_T])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_ALLOCA])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AC_FUNC_MMAP])dnl AC_REQUIRE([AM_KDE_WITH_NLS])dnl AC_CHECK_HEADERS([argz.h limits.h locale.h nl_types.h string.h values.h alloca.h]) AC_CHECK_FUNCS([getcwd munmap putenv setenv setlocale strchr strcasecmp \ __argz_count __argz_stringify __argz_next]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for stpcpy) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_func_stpcpy, [ kde_safe_cxxflags=$CXXFLAGS CXXFLAGS="-Wmissing-prototypes -Werror" AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include ], [ char buffer[200]; stpcpy(buffer, buffer); ], kde_cv_func_stpcpy=yes, kde_cv_func_stpcpy=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE CXXFLAGS=$kde_safe_cxxflags ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_func_stpcpy) if eval "test \"`echo $kde_cv_func_stpcpy`\" = yes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STPCPY, 1, [Define if you have stpcpy]) fi AM_LC_MESSAGES if test "x$CATOBJEXT" != "x"; then if test "x$ALL_LINGUAS" = "x"; then LINGUAS= else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for catalogs to be installed) NEW_LINGUAS= for lang in ${LINGUAS=$ALL_LINGUAS}; do case "$ALL_LINGUAS" in *$lang*) NEW_LINGUAS="$NEW_LINGUAS $lang" ;; esac done LINGUAS=$NEW_LINGUAS AC_MSG_RESULT($LINGUAS) fi dnl Construct list of names of catalog files to be constructed. if test -n "$LINGUAS"; then for lang in $LINGUAS; do CATALOGS="$CATALOGS $lang$CATOBJEXT"; done fi fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_XPM, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$XPM_LDFLAGS" && XPM_LDFLAGS= test -z "$XPM_INCLUDE" && XPM_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(xpm, [ --without-xpm disable color pixmap XPM tests], xpm_test=$withval, xpm_test="yes") if test "x$xpm_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_xpm=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for XPM) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_xpm, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $USER_LDFLAGS $LDFLAGS $XPM_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lXpm -lX11 -lXext $LIBZ $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES $USER_INCLUDES" test -n "$XPM_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$XPM_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include ],[], ac_cv_have_xpm="yes",ac_cv_have_xpm="no") LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_xpm" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) XPM_LDFLAGS="" XPMINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XPM, 1, [Define if you have XPM support]) if test "$XPM_LDFLAGS" = ""; then XPMLIB='-lXpm $(LIB_X11)' else XPMLIB="-L$XPM_LDFLAGS -lXpm "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$XPM_INCLUDE" = ""; then XPMINC="" else XPMINC="-I$XPM_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(XPMINC) AC_SUBST(XPMLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_DPMS, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" && DPMS_LDFLAGS= test -z "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && DPMS_INCLUDE= DPMS_LIB= AC_ARG_WITH(dpms, [ --without-dpms disable DPMS power saving], dpms_test=$withval, dpms_test="yes") if test "x$dpms_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_dpms=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for DPMS) dnl Note: ac_cv_have_dpms can be no, yes, or -lXdpms. dnl 'yes' means DPMS_LIB="", '-lXdpms' means DPMS_LIB="-lXdpms". AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_dpms, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" ac_save_libs="$LIBS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $DPMS_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include #include #include int foo_test_dpms() { return DPMSSetTimeouts( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); }],[], ac_cv_have_dpms="yes", [ LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $DPMS_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lX11 -lXext $LIBSOCKET" LIBS="$LIBS -lXdpms" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$DPMS_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([ #include #include #include #include int foo_test_dpms() { return DPMSSetTimeouts( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); }],[], [ ac_cv_have_dpms="-lXdpms" ],ac_cv_have_dpms="no") ]) LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" LIBS="$ac_save_libs" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_dpms" = no; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) DPMS_LDFLAGS="" DPMSINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DPMS, 1, [Define if you have DPMS support]) if test "$ac_cv_have_dpms" = "-lXdpms"; then DPMS_LIB="-lXdpms" fi if test "$DPMS_LDFLAGS" = ""; then DPMSLIB="$DPMS_LIB "'$(LIB_X11)' else DPMSLIB="$DPMS_LDFLAGS $DPMS_LIB "'$(LIB_X11)' fi if test "$DPMS_INCLUDE" = ""; then DPMSINC="" else DPMSINC="-I$DPMS_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(DPMSINC) AC_SUBST(DPMSLIB) ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_HAVE_GL, [AC_REQUIRE_CPP()dnl AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) test -z "$GL_LDFLAGS" && GL_LDFLAGS= test -z "$GL_INCLUDE" && GL_INCLUDE= AC_ARG_WITH(gl, [ --without-gl disable 3D GL modes], gl_test=$withval, gl_test="yes") if test "x$gl_test" = xno; then ac_cv_have_gl=no else AC_MSG_CHECKING(for GL) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_gl, [ AC_LANG_C ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" ac_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $X_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [], ac_cv_have_gl="mesa", ac_cv_have_gl="no") if test "x$ac_cv_have_gl" = "xno"; then LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags $X_LDFLAGS $GL_LDFLAGS $all_libraries -lGL -lGLU -lX11 -lXext -lm $LIBSOCKET" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags $X_INCLUDES" test -n "$GL_INCLUDE" && CFLAGS="-I$GL_INCLUDE $CFLAGS" AC_TRY_LINK([#include #include ], [], ac_cv_have_gl="yes", ac_cv_have_gl="no") fi LDFLAGS="$ac_save_ldflags" CFLAGS="$ac_save_cflags" ])dnl if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "no"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) GL_LDFLAGS="" GLINC="" $2 else AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GL, 1, [Defines if you have GL (Mesa, OpenGL, ...)]) if test "$GL_LDFLAGS" = ""; then if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB='-lMesaGL -lMesaGLU $(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB='-lGL -lGLU $(LIB_X11)' fi else if test "$ac_cv_have_gl" = "mesa"; then GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' else GLLIB="$GL_LDFLAGS -lGL -lGLU "'$(LIB_X11)' fi fi if test "$GL_INCLUDE" = ""; then GLINC="" else GLINC="-I$GL_INCLUDE" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_gl) $1 fi fi AC_SUBST(GLINC) AC_SUBST(GLLIB) ]) dnl shadow password and PAM magic - maintained by ossi@kde.org AC_DEFUN(KDE_PAM, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_ARG_WITH(pam, [ --with-pam[=ARG] enable support for PAM: ARG=[yes|no|service name]], [ if test "x$withval" = "xyes"; then use_pam=yes pam_service=kde elif test "x$withval" = "xno"; then use_pam=no else use_pam=yes pam_service=$withval fi ac_cv_path_pam="use_pam=$use_pam pam_service=$pam_service" ], [ AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_pam, [ use_pam=no AC_CHECK_LIB(pam, pam_start, [ AC_CHECK_HEADER(security/pam_appl.h, [ use_pam=yes pam_service=kde ]) ], , $LIBDL) ac_cv_path_pam="use_pam=$use_pam pam_service=$pam_service" ]) ]) eval "$ac_cv_path_pam" AC_MSG_CHECKING(for PAM) if test "x$use_pam" = xno; then AC_MSG_RESULT(no) PAMLIBS="" else AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PAM, 1, [Defines if you have PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)]) PAMLIBS="$PAM_MISC_LIB -lpam $LIBDL" dnl test whether struct pam_message is const (Linux) or not (Sun) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for const pam_message) AC_EGREP_HEADER([struct pam_message], security/pam_appl.h, [ AC_EGREP_HEADER([const struct pam_message], security/pam_appl.h, [AC_MSG_RESULT([const: Linux-type PAM])], [AC_MSG_RESULT([nonconst: Sun-type PAM]) AC_DEFINE(PAM_MESSAGE_NONCONST, 1, [Define if your PAM support takes non-const arguments (Solaris)])] )], [AC_MSG_RESULT([not found - assume const, Linux-type PAM])]) fi AC_SUBST(PAMLIBS) ]) dnl DEF_PAM_SERVICE(arg name, full name, define name) AC_DEFUN(DEF_PAM_SERVICE, [ AC_ARG_WITH($1-pam, [ --with-$1-pam=[val] override PAM service from --with-pam for $2], [ if test "x$use_pam" = xyes; then $3_PAM_SERVICE="$withval" else AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot use use --with-$1-pam, as no PAM was detected. You may want to enforce it by using --with-pam.]) fi ], [ if test "x$use_pam" = xyes; then $3_PAM_SERVICE="$pam_service" fi ]) if test -n "$$3_PAM_SERVICE"; then AC_MSG_RESULT([The PAM service used by $2 will be $$3_PAM_SERVICE]) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED($3_PAM_SERVICE, "$$3_PAM_SERVICE", [The PAM service to be used by $2]) fi AC_SUBST($3_PAM_SERVICE) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_SHADOWPASSWD, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_PAM]) AC_CHECK_LIB(shadow, getspent, [ LIBSHADOW="-lshadow" ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ dnl for UnixWare AC_CHECK_LIB(gen, getspent, [ LIBGEN="-lgen" ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ AC_CHECK_FUNC(getspent, [ ac_use_shadow=yes ], [ ac_use_shadow=no ]) ]) ]) AC_SUBST(LIBSHADOW) AC_SUBST(LIBGEN) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for shadow passwords]) AC_ARG_WITH(shadow, [ --with-shadow If you want shadow password support ], [ if test "x$withval" != "xno"; then use_shadow=yes else use_shadow=no fi ], [ use_shadow="$ac_use_shadow" ]) if test "x$use_shadow" = xyes; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SHADOW, 1, [Define if you use shadow passwords]) else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) LIBSHADOW= LIBGEN= fi dnl finally make the relevant binaries setuid root, if we have shadow passwds. dnl this still applies, if we could use it indirectly through pam. if test "x$use_shadow" = xyes || ( test "x$use_pam" = xyes && test "x$ac_use_shadow" = xyes ); then case $host in *-*-freebsd* | *-*-netbsd* | *-*-openbsd*) SETUIDFLAGS="-m 4755 -o root";; *) SETUIDFLAGS="-m 4755";; esac fi AC_SUBST(SETUIDFLAGS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_PASSWDLIBS, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) dnl for LIBCRYPT AC_REQUIRE([KDE_PAM]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_SHADOWPASSWD]) if test "x$use_pam" = "xyes"; then PASSWDLIBS="$PAMLIBS" else PASSWDLIBS="$LIBCRYPT $LIBSHADOW $LIBGEN" fi AC_SUBST(PASSWDLIBS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBDL, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen, [ LIBDL="-ldl" ac_cv_have_dlfcn=yes ]) AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_unload, [ LIBDL="-ldld" ac_cv_have_shload=yes ]) AC_SUBST(LIBDL) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN, [ KDE_CHECK_LIBDL AC_CHECK_HEADERS(dlfcn.h dl.h) if test "$ac_cv_header_dlfcn_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_dlfcn=no fi if test "$ac_cv_header_dl_h" = "no"; then ac_cv_have_shload=no fi dnl XXX why change enable_dlopen? its already set by autoconf's AC_ARG_ENABLE dnl (MM) AC_ARG_ENABLE(dlopen, [ --disable-dlopen link statically [default=no]] , enable_dlopen=$enableval, enable_dlopen=yes) # override the user's opinion, if we know it better ;) if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "no" && test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "no"; then enable_dlopen=no fi if test "$ac_cv_have_dlfcn" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DLFCN, 1, [Define if you have dlfcn]) fi if test "$ac_cv_have_shload" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SHLOAD, 1, [Define if you have shload]) fi if test "$enable_dlopen" = no ; then test -n "$1" && eval $1 else test -n "$2" && eval $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_DYNAMIC_LOADING, [ KDE_CHECK_DLOPEN(libtool_enable_shared=yes, libtool_enable_static=no) KDE_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_MSG_CHECKING([dynamic loading]) eval "`egrep '^build_libtool_libs=' libtool`" if test "$build_libtool_libs" = "yes" && test "$enable_dlopen" = "yes"; then dynamic_loading=yes AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING) else dynamic_loading=no fi AC_MSG_RESULT($dynamic_loading) if test "$dynamic_loading" = "yes"; then $1 else $2 fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_ADD_INCLUDES, [ if test -z "$1"; then test_include="Pix.h" else test_include="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for libg++ ($test_include)]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_libgpp_includes, [ kde_cv_libgpp_includes=no for ac_dir in \ \ /usr/include/g++ \ /usr/include \ /usr/unsupported/include \ /opt/include \ $extra_include \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_dir/$test_include"; then kde_cv_libgpp_includes=$ac_dir break fi done ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_libgpp_includes) if test "$kde_cv_libgpp_includes" != "no"; then all_includes="-I$kde_cv_libgpp_includes $all_includes $USER_INCLUDES" fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MICO, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_MISC_TESTS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MICO) if test -z "$MICODIR"; then kde_micodir=/usr/local else kde_micodir="$MICODIR" fi AC_ARG_WITH(micodir, [ --with-micodir=micodir where mico is installed ], kde_micodir=$withval, kde_micodir=$kde_micodir ) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_incdir, [ mico_incdirs="$kde_micodir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include /usr/local/include /opt/local/include $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(CORBA.h, $mico_incdirs, kde_cv_mico_incdir) ]) kde_micodir=`echo $kde_cv_mico_incdir | sed -e 's#/include##'` if test ! -r $kde_micodir/include/CORBA.h; then AC_MSG_ERROR([No CORBA.h found, specify another micodir]) fi AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_micodir) MICO_INCLUDES=-I$kde_micodir/include AC_SUBST(MICO_INCLUDES) MICO_LDFLAGS=-L$kde_micodir/lib AC_SUBST(MICO_LDFLAGS) micodir=$kde_micodir AC_SUBST(micodir) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for MICO version]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_mico_version, [ AC_LANG_C cat >conftest.$ac_ext < #include int main() { printf("MICO_VERSION=%s\n",MICO_VERSION); return (0); } EOF ac_compile='${CC-gcc} $CFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES conftest.$ac_ext -o conftest' if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then if eval `./conftest 2>&5`; then kde_cv_mico_version=$MICO_VERSION else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to execute a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi else AC_MSG_ERROR([your system is not able to compile a small application to find MICO version! Check $kde_micodir/include/mico/version.h]) fi ]) dnl installed MICO version mico_v_maj=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_mid=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` mico_v_min=`echo $kde_cv_mico_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "x$1" = "x"; then req_version="2.3.0" else req_version=$1 fi dnl required MICO version req_v_maj=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\..*\..*$/\1/'` req_v_mid=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\.\(.*\)\..*$/\1/'` req_v_min=`echo $req_version | sed -e 's/^.*\..*\.\(.*\)$/\1/'` if test "$mico_v_maj" -lt "$req_v_maj" || \ ( test "$mico_v_maj" -eq "$req_v_maj" && \ test "$mico_v_mid" -lt "$req_v_mid" ) || \ ( test "$mico_v_mid" -eq "$req_v_mid" && \ test "$mico_v_min" -lt "$req_v_min" ) then AC_MSG_ERROR([found MICO version $kde_cv_mico_version but version $req_version \ at least is required. You should upgrade MICO.]) else AC_MSG_RESULT([$kde_cv_mico_version (minimum version $req_version, ok)]) fi LIBMICO="-lmico$kde_cv_mico_version $LIBCRYPT $LIBSOCKET $LIBDL" AC_SUBST(LIBMICO) if test -z "$IDL"; then IDL='$(kde_bindir)/cuteidl' fi AC_SUBST(IDL) IDL_DEPENDENCIES='$(kde_includes)/CUTE.h' AC_SUBST(IDL_DEPENDENCIES) idldir="\$(includedir)/idl" AC_SUBST(idldir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_MINI_STL, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_MICO]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we use mico's mini-STL) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_have_mini_stl, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS kde_save_cxxflags="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $MICO_INCLUDES" AC_TRY_COMPILE( [ #include ], [ #ifdef HAVE_MINI_STL #error "nothing" #endif ], kde_cv_have_mini_stl=no, kde_cv_have_mini_stl=yes) CXXFLAGS="$kde_save_cxxflags" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) if test "x$kde_cv_have_mini_stl" = "xyes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) $1 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $2 fi ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD, [ AC_CHECK_LIB(pthread, pthread_create, [LIBPTHREAD="-lpthread"] ) AC_SUBST(LIBPTHREAD) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PTHREAD_OPTION, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(kernel-threads, [ --enable-kernel-threads Enable the use of the LinuxThreads port on FreeBSD/i386 only.], kde_use_kernthreads=$enableval, kde_use_kernthreads=no) if test "$kde_use_kernthreads" = "yes"; then ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" ac_save_CFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads $CXXFLAGS" CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads $CFLAGS" AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread/linuxthreads/pthread.h) CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" CFLAGS="$ac_save_CFLAGS" if test "$ac_cv_header_pthread_linuxthreads_pthread_h" = "no"; then kde_use_kernthreads=no else dnl Add proper -I and -l statements AC_CHECK_LIB(lthread, pthread_join, [LIBPTHREAD="-llthread -llgcc_r"]) dnl for FreeBSD if test "x$LIBPTHREAD" = "x"; then kde_use_kernthreads=no else USE_THREADS="-D_THREAD_SAFE -I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads" fi fi else USE_THREADS="" if test -z "$LIBPTHREAD"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(pthread, [USE_THREADS="-pthread"] ) fi fi case $host_os in solaris*) KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(mt, [USE_THREADS="-mt"]) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_REENTRANT -D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS -DUSE_SOLARIS -DSVR4" echo "Setting Solaris pthread compilation options" ;; freebsd*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_THREAD_SAFE" echo "Setting FreeBSD pthread compilation options" ;; aix*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_THREAD_SAFE" LIBPTHREAD="$LIBPTHREAD -lc_r" echo "Setting AIX pthread compilation options" ;; linux*) CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_REENTRANT" USE_THREADS="$USE_THREADS -DPIC -fPIC" echo "Setting Linux pthread compilation options" ;; *) ;; esac AC_SUBST(USE_THREADS) AC_SUBST(LIBPTHREAD) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_THREADING, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_PTHREAD_OPTION]) dnl default is yes if libpthread is found and no if no libpthread is available if test -z "$LIBPTHREAD"; then kde_check_threading_default=no else kde_check_threading_default=yes fi AC_ARG_ENABLE(threading, [ --disable-threading disables threading even if libpthread found ], kde_use_threading=$enableval, kde_use_threading=$kde_check_threading_default) if test "x$kde_use_threading" = "xyes"; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD, 1, [Define if you have a working libpthread (will enable threaded code)]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON, [ if test "$kde_python_link_found" = no; then if test "$1" = normal; then AC_MSG_CHECKING(if a Python application links) else AC_MSG_CHECKING(if Python depends on $2) fi AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_try_link_python_$1, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C kde_save_cflags="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PYTHONINC" kde_save_libs="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $LIBPYTHON $2 $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" kde_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $PYTHONLIB" AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ],[ PySys_SetArgv(1, 0); ], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=yes], [kde_cv_try_link_python_$1=no] ) CFLAGS="$kde_save_cflags" LIBS="$kde_save_libs" LDFLAGS="$kde_save_ldflags" ]) if test "$kde_cv_try_link_python_$1" = "yes"; then AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) kde_python_link_found=yes if test ! "$1" = normal; then LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $2" fi $3 else AC_MSG_RESULT(no) $4 fi AC_LANG_RESTORE fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_DIR, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python directory]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_pythondir, [ if test -z "$PYTHONDIR"; then kde_cv_pythondir=/usr/local else kde_cv_pythondir="$PYTHONDIR" fi ]) AC_ARG_WITH(pythondir, [ --with-pythondir=pythondir use python installed in pythondir ], [ ac_python_dir=$withval ], ac_python_dir=$kde_cv_pythondir ) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_python_dir) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN, [ AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBDL]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_LIBPTHREAD]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_DIR]) if test -z "$1"; then version="1.5" else version="$1" fi AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Python$version]) python_incdirs="$ac_python_dir/include /usr/include /usr/local/include/ $kde_extra_includes" AC_FIND_FILE(Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/Python.h, $python_incdirs, python_incdir) python_incdir=$python_incdir/python$version if test ! -r $python_incdir/Python.h; then python_incdir=no fi fi PYTHONINC=-I$python_incdir python_libdirs="$ac_python_dir/lib /usr/lib /usr/local /usr/lib $kde_extra_libs" AC_FIND_FILE(libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/config/libpython$version.a, $python_libdirs, python_libdir) python_libdir=$python_libdir/python$version/config if test ! -r $python_libdir/libpython$version.a; then python_libdir=no fi fi PYTHONLIB=-L$python_libdir kde_orig_LIBPYTHON=$LIBPYTHON if test -z "$LIBPYTHON"; then LIBPYTHON=-lpython$version fi python_libdirs="$ac_python_dir/lib /usr/lib /usr/local /usr/lib $kde_extra_libs" AC_FIND_FILE(python$version/copy.py, $python_libdirs, python_moddir) python_moddir=$python_moddir/python$version if test ! -r $python_moddir/copy.py; then python_moddir=no fi PYTHONMODDIR=$python_moddir AC_MSG_RESULT(header $python_incdir library $python_libdir modules $python_moddir) if test x$python_incdir = xno || test x$python_libdir = xno || test x$python_moddir = xno; then LIBPYTHON=$kde_orig_LIBPYTHON test "x$PYTHONLIB" = "x-Lno" && PYTHONLIB="" test "x$PYTHONINC" = "x-Ino" && PYTHONINC="" $2 else dnl Note: this test is very weak kde_python_link_found=no KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(normal) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m, -lm) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(pthread, $LIBPTHREAD) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(tcl, -ltcl) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_util, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db3, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb-3 -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(pthread_and_db3, [$LIBPTHREAD -ldb-3]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb -ltermcap -lutil]) KDE_TRY_LINK_PYTHON(m_and_thread_and_db_special, [$LIBPTHREAD -lm -ldb -lutil], [], [AC_MSG_WARN([it seems, Python depends on another library. Pleae use \"make LIBPYTHON='-lpython$version -lotherlib'\" to fix this and contact the authors to let them know about this problem]) ]) LIBPYTHON="$LIBPYTHON $LIBDL $LIBSOCKET" AC_SUBST(PYTHONINC) AC_SUBST(PYTHONLIB) AC_SUBST(LIBPYTHON) AC_SUBST(PYTHONMODDIR) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PYTHON, 1, [Define if you have the development files for python]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_PYTHON, [ KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN("2.1", [KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN("2.0", [ KDE_CHECK_PYTHON_INTERN($1, $2) ]) ]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is SGI like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_sgi, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hallo Welt."; astring.erase(0, 6); // now astring is "Welt" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_sgi=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_sgi) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_SGI_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by SGI]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL_HP, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([if STL implementation is HP like]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_stl_type_hp, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include using namespace std; ],[ string astring="Hello World"; astring.remove(0, 6); // now astring is "World" return 0; ], kde_cv_stl_type_hp=yes, kde_cv_stl_type_hp=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_stl_type_hp) if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_HP_STL, 1, [Define if you have a STL implementation by HP]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_STL, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="`echo $CXXFLAGS | sed s/-fno-exceptions//`" KDE_CHECK_STL_SGI if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_sgi" = "no"; then KDE_CHECK_STL_HP if test "$kde_cv_stl_type_hp" = "no"; then AC_MSG_ERROR("no known STL type found") fi fi CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_FIND_QIMGIO, [AC_REQUIRE([AC_FIND_JPEG]) AC_REQUIRE([KDE_CHECK_EXTRA_LIBS]) AC_MSG_CHECKING([for qimgio]) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_lib_qimgio, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS" ac_save_CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" LIBS="$all_libraries -lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG $LIBQT" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -I$qt_incdir $all_includes" AC_TRY_RUN(dnl [ #include #include int main() { QString t = "hallo"; t.fill('t'); qInitImageIO(); } ], ac_cv_lib_qimgio=yes, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no, ac_cv_lib_qimgio=no) LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS" CXXFLAGS="$ac_save_CXXFLAGS" AC_LANG_RESTORE ])dnl if eval "test \"`echo $ac_cv_lib_qimgio`\" = yes"; then LIBQIMGIO="-lqimgio -lpng -lz $LIBJPEG" AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_QIMGIO, 1, [Define if you have the Qt extension qimgio available]) AC_SUBST(LIBQIMGIO) else AC_MSG_RESULT(not found) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_ANSI, [ ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_INSURE, [ AC_ARG_ENABLE(insure, [ --enable-insure use insure++ for debugging [default=no]], [ if test $enableval = "no"; dnl then ac_use_insure="no" else ac_use_insure="yes" fi ], [ac_use_insure="no"]) AC_MSG_CHECKING(if we will use Insure++ to debug) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_use_insure) if test "$ac_use_insure" = "yes"; dnl then CC="insure"; CXX="insure"; dnl CFLAGS="$CLAGS -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions "???? fi ]) AC_DEFUN(AM_DISABLE_LIBRARIES, [ AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_STATIC]) AC_PROVIDE([AM_ENABLE_SHARED]) enable_static=no enable_shared=yes ]) AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_UTMP_FILE, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for utmp file]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_utmp_file, [ kde_cv_utmp_file=no for ac_file in \ \ /var/run/utmp \ /var/adm/utmp \ /etc/utmp \ ; \ do if test -r "$ac_file"; then kde_cv_utmp_file=$ac_file break fi done ]) if test "$kde_cv_utmp_file" != "no"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UTMP, "$kde_cv_utmp_file", [Define the file for utmp entries]) $1 AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_utmp_file) else $2 AC_MSG_RESULT([non found]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CREATE_SUBDIRSLIST, [ DO_NOT_COMPILE="$DO_NOT_COMPILE CVS debian bsd-port admin" if test ! -s $srcdir/subdirs; then dnl Note: Makefile.common creates subdirs, so this is just a fallback TOPSUBDIRS="" files=`cd $srcdir && ls -1` dirs=`for i in $files; do if test -d $i; then echo $i; fi; done` for i in $dirs; do echo $i >> $srcdir/subdirs done fi if test -s $srcdir/inst-apps; then ac_topsubdirs="`cat $srcdir/inst-apps`" else ac_topsubdirs="`cat $srcdir/subdirs`" fi for i in $ac_topsubdirs; do AC_MSG_CHECKING([if $i should be compiled]) if test -d $srcdir/$i; then install_it="yes" for j in $DO_NOT_COMPILE; do if test $i = $j; then install_it="no" fi done else install_it="no" fi AC_MSG_RESULT($install_it) if test $install_it = "yes"; then TOPSUBDIRS="$TOPSUBDIRS $i" fi done AC_SUBST(TOPSUBDIRS) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NAMESPACES, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether C++ compiler supports namespaces) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_COMPILE([ ], [ namespace Foo { extern int i; namespace Bar { extern int i; } } int Foo::i = 0; int Foo::Bar::i = 1; ],[ AC_MSG_RESULT(yes) AC_DEFINE(HAVE_NAMESPACES) ], [ AC_MSG_RESULT(no) ]) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_NEWLIBS, [ ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for S_ISSOCK macro. Doesn't exist on Unix SCO. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_S_ISSOCK, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for S_ISSOCK) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_have_s_issock, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_C AC_TRY_LINK( [ #include ], [ struct stat buff; int b = S_ISSOCK( buff.st_mode ); ], ac_cv_have_s_issock=yes, ac_cv_have_s_issock=no) AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_have_s_issock) if test "$ac_cv_have_s_issock" = "yes"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_S_ISSOCK, 1, [Define if sys/stat.h declares S_ISSOCK.]) fi ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl Check for MAXPATHLEN macro, defines KDEMAXPATHLEN. faure@kde.org dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------ dnl AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_KDEMAXPATHLEN, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for MAXPATHLEN) AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_maxpathlen, [ AC_LANG_C cat > conftest.$ac_ext < #endif #include #include #ifndef MAXPATHLEN #define MAXPATHLEN 1024 #endif KDE_HELLO MAXPATHLEN EOF ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext 2>/dev/null | grep '^KDE_HELLO' >conftest.out" if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_try) && test -s conftest.out; then ac_cv_maxpathlen=`sed 's#KDE_HELLO ##' conftest.out` else ac_cv_maxpathlen=1024 fi rm conftest.* ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_maxpathlen) AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(KDEMAXPATHLEN,$ac_cv_maxpathlen, [Define a safe value for MAXPATHLEN] ) ]) dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- dnl See if the compiler supports a template repository bero@redhat.de dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- AC_DEFUN(KDE_COMPILER_REPO, [ REPO="" NOREPO="" KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(frepo, [ REPO="-frepo" NOREPO="-fno-repo" ]) if test -z "$REPO"; then KDE_CHECK_COMPILER_FLAG(instances=explicit, [ REPO="-instances=explicit" NOREPO="-instances=extern" ]) fi if test -n "$REPO"; then AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_TEMPLATE_REPOSITORY, 1, [C++ compiler supports template repository]) $1 fi AC_SUBST(REPO) AC_SUBST(NOREPO) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_HEADER, [ AC_LANG_SAVE kde_safe_cppflags=$CPPFLAGS CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $all_includes" AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_CHECK_HEADER($1, $2, $3) CPPFLAGS=$kde_safe_cppflags AC_LANG_RESTORE ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_FAST_CONFIGURE, [ dnl makes configure fast (needs perl) AC_ARG_ENABLE(fast-perl, [ --disable-fast-perl disable fast Makefile generation (needs perl)], with_fast_perl=$enableval, with_fast_perl=yes) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CONF_FILES, [ val= if test -f $srcdir/configure.files ; then val=`sed -e 's%^%\$(top_srcdir)/%' $srcdir/configure.files` fi CONF_FILES= if test -n "$val" ; then for i in $val ; do CONF_FILES="$CONF_FILES $i" done fi AC_SUBST(CONF_FILES) ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_SET_PREFIX, [ unset CDPATH dnl make $KDEDIR the default for the installation AC_PREFIX_DEFAULT(${KDEDIR:-/usr/local/kde}) if test "x$prefix" = "xNONE"; then prefix=$ac_default_prefix ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args --prefix $prefix" fi KDE_FAST_CONFIGURE KDE_CONF_FILES ]) pushdef([AC_PROG_INSTALL], [ dnl our own version, testing for a -p flag popdef([AC_PROG_INSTALL]) dnl as AC_PROG_INSTALL works as it works we first have dnl to save if the user didn't specify INSTALL, as the dnl autoconf one overwrites INSTALL and we have no chance to find dnl out afterwards test -n "$INSTALL" && kde_save_INSTALL_given=$INSTALL test -n "$INSTALL_PROGRAM" && kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given=$INSTALL_PROGRAM test -n "$INSTALL_SCRIPT" && kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given=$INSTALL_SCRIPT AC_PROG_INSTALL if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_given" ; then # OK, user hasn't given any INSTALL, autoconf found one for us # now we test, if it supports the -p flag AC_MSG_CHECKING(for -p flag to install) rm -f confinst.$$.* > /dev/null 2>&1 echo "Testtest" > confinst.$$.orig ac_res=no if ${INSTALL} -p confinst.$$.orig confinst.$$.new > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then if test -f confinst.$$.new ; then # OK, -p seems to do no harm to install INSTALL="${INSTALL} -p" ac_res=yes fi fi rm -f confinst.$$.* AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_res) fi dnl the following tries to resolve some signs and wonders coming up dnl with different autoconf/automake versions dnl e.g.: dnl *automake 1.4 install-strip sets A_M_INSTALL_PROGRAM_FLAGS to -s dnl and has INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ $(A_M_INSTALL_PROGRAM_FLAGS) dnl it header-vars.am, so there the actual INSTALL_PROGRAM gets the -s dnl *automake 1.4a (and above) use INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG and only has dnl INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ there, but changes the dnl install-@DIR@PROGRAMS targets to explicitly use that flag dnl *autoconf 2.13 is dumb, and thinks it can use INSTALL_PROGRAM as dnl INSTALL_SCRIPT, which breaks with automake <= 1.4 dnl *autoconf >2.13 (since 10.Apr 1999) has not that failure dnl *sometimes KDE does not use the install-@DIR@PROGRAM targets from dnl automake (due to broken Makefile.am or whatever) to install programs, dnl and so does not see the -s flag in automake > 1.4 dnl to clean up that mess we: dnl +set INSTALL_PROGRAM to use INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG dnl which cleans KDE's program with automake > 1.4; dnl +set INSTALL_SCRIPT to only use INSTALL, to clean up autoconf's problems dnl with automake<=1.4 dnl note that dues to this sometimes two '-s' flags are used (if KDE dnl properly uses install-@DIR@PROGRAMS, but I don't care dnl dnl And to all this comes, that I even can't write in comments variable dnl names used by automake, because it is so stupid to think I wanted to dnl _use_ them, therefor I have written A_M_... instead of AM_ dnl hmm, I wanted to say something ... ahh yes: Arghhh. if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_PROGRAM_given" ; then INSTALL_PROGRAM='${INSTALL} $(INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG)' fi if test -z "$kde_save_INSTALL_SCRIPT_given" ; then INSTALL_SCRIPT='${INSTALL}' fi ])dnl AC_DEFUN(KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS, [AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_link='rm -rf SunWS_cache; ${CXX-g++} -o conftest${ac_exeext} $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&AC_FD_CC' pushdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS], [popdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) ]) pushdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS], [popdef([AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS]) KDE_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LONG_LONG, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING(for long long) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_c_long_long, [ AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_TRY_LINK([], [ long long foo = 0; foo = foo+1; ], kde_cv_c_long_long=yes, kde_cv_c_long_long=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_c_long_long) if test "$kde_cv_c_long_long" = yes; then AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LONG_LONG, 1, [Define if you have long long as datatype]) fi ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_LIB, [ kde_save_LIBS="$LIBS" LIBS="$LIBS $all_libraries" case $host_os in aix*) LIBS="-brtl $LIBS" test "$GCC" = yes && LIBS="-Wl,$LIBS" ;; esac AC_CHECK_LIB($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) LIBS="$kde_save_LIBS" ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_INITGROUPS, [ AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST]) AC_CHECK_FUNCS(initgroups) if test "x$ac_cv_func_initgroups" = "xyes"; then case $host_os in aix*) AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS AC_MSG_CHECKING([for initgroups prototype]) AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto, [ AC_TRY_COMPILE( [ #include ], [ char buffer[10]; gid_t id; int x = initgroups(buffer,id); ], kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=yes, kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=no) ]) AC_MSG_RESULT($kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto) AC_LANG_RESTORE ;; *) kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=yes ;; esac else kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto=no fi if test "x$kde_cv_check_initgroups_proto" = "xyes"; then kde_check_initgroups_proto=1 else kde_check_initgroups_proto=0 fi AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HAVE_INITGROUPS_PROTO,$kde_check_initgroups_proto, [initgroups may exist but not its prototype (e.g. AIX<4.3.3:8)]) ]) AC_DEFUN(KDE_CHECK_JAVA_DIR, [ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Java directory]) AC_ARG_WITH(java, [ --with-java=javadir use java installed in javadir, --without-java disables ], [ ac_java_dir=$withval ], ac_java_dir="" ) dnl at this point ac_java_dir is either a dir, 'no' to disable, or '' to say look in $PATH if test "x$ac_java_dir" = xno; then kde_cv_java_bindir=no kde_cv_java_includedir=no kde_java_libjvmdir=no kde_java_libhpidir=no else if test "x$ac_java_dir" = x; then dnl No option set -> look in $PATH AC_CACHE_VAL(kde_cv_java_bindir, [ dnl First look for javac in $PATH. If not found we'll look at the option. KDE_FIND_PATH(javac, JAVAC, [], []) if test -n "$JAVAC"; then kde_cv_java_bindir=`echo $JAVAC | sed -e 's,/javac$,/,'` dnl this substitution might not work - well, we test for jni.h below kde_cv_java_includedir=`echo $kde_cv_java_bindir | sed -e 's,bin/$,include/,'` else kde_cv_java_bindir=no fi ]) else dnl config option set kde_cv_java_bindir=$ac_java_dir/bin kde_cv_java_includedir=$ac_java_dir/include fi fi dnl At this point kde_cv_java_bindir and kde_cv_java_includedir are either set or "no" if test ! 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Use --without-java.]) fi jni_includes="-I$kde_cv_java_includedir" dnl Strange thing, jni.h requires jni_md.h which is under genunix here.. dnl and under linux here.. test -d "$kde_cv_java_includedir/linux" && jni_includes="$jni_includes -I$kde_cv_java_includedir/linux" test -d "$kde_cv_java_includedir/genunix" && jni_includes="$jni_includes -I$kde_cv_java_includedir/genunix" dnl Check for JNI version AC_LANG_SAVE AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS ac_cxxflags_safe="$CXXFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $all_includes $jni_includes" AC_TRY_COMPILE([ #include ], [ #ifndef JNI_VERSION_1_2 Syntax Error #endif ],[ kde_jni_works=yes ], [ kde_jni_works=no ]) if test $kde_jni_works = no; then AC_MSG_ERROR([Incorrect version of $kde_cv_java_includedir/jni.h. You need to have Java Development Kit (JDK) version 1.2. Use --with-java to specify another location. Use --without-java to configure without java support. Or download a newer JDK and try again. 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See the GNU ## General Public License for more details. ## ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ## Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. ## ## As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you ## distribute this file as part of a program that contains a ## configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under ## the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program. # serial 46 AC_PROG_LIBTOOL AC_DEFUN([AC_PROG_LIBTOOL], [AC_REQUIRE([_AC_PROG_LIBTOOL])dnl dnl If AC_PROG_CXX has already been expanded, run AC_LIBTOOL_CXX dnl immediately, otherwise, hook it in at the end of AC_PROG_CXX. 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GDB Debugger

The other common debug programs on Unix systems are dbx and dbxtool.

Before a program can be processed by the debugger, it must be compiled with the debugger option. 

	gcc -ggdb -o pipe pipe.c
The program can then be passed to the debugger with 
	gdb pipe
To pass command line parameters to the program use: 
	set args -size big
This is equivalent to saying: 
	pipe -size big
To single step: 
	break
	run
	step
The step command stops execution at the next source statement, if that statement is a function call, gdb will single step into the function.
A simular command is next this will also single step source statements but when a it meets a function call, the function is executed and gdb stops when it reaches a new source statement in the calling function.

step can be abreviated to s
next can be abreviated to n

To set break points: 

	break 48	<-- Program will stop BEFORE executing line 48
	break FuncName  <-- Program will stop when entering the function
	run
To display the contents of a variable: 
	print ant[0]
To change the value of a variable: 
	set ant[0] = 4
	set char = 'z'

Top Master Index Keywords Functions

Martin Leslie

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$(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(top_builddir)/config.status cd $(top_builddir) && \ CONFIG_HEADERS= CONFIG_LINKS= \ CONFIG_FILES=$(subdir)/$@ $(SHELL) ./config.status uninstall-info-am: install-docsDATA: $(docs_DATA) @$(NORMAL_INSTALL) $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir) @list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \ if test -f "$$p"; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \ f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \ echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \ $(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \ done uninstall-docsDATA: @$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL) @list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \ f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \ echo " rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \ rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \ done tags: TAGS TAGS: #>- DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST) #>+ 4 KDE_DIST=gdb.html DISTFILES= $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST) $(KDE_DIST) top_distdir = ../../.. distdir = $(top_distdir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION) distdir: $(DISTFILES) @for file in $(DISTFILES); do \ if test -f $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \ dir=`echo "$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \ if test "$$dir" != "$$file" && test "$$dir" != "."; then \ $(mkinstalldirs) "$(distdir)/$$dir"; \ fi; \ if test -d $$d/$$file; then \ cp -pR $$d/$$file $(distdir) \ || exit 1; \ else \ test -f $(distdir)/$$file \ || cp -p $$d/$$file $(distdir)/$$file \ || exit 1; \ fi; \ done check-am: all-am check: check-am all-am: Makefile $(DATA) installdirs: $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir) install: install-am install-exec: install-exec-am install-data: install-data-am uninstall: uninstall-am install-am: all-am @$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am installcheck: installcheck-am install-strip: $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \ `test -z '$(STRIP)' || \ echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install mostlyclean-generic: clean-generic: distclean-generic: -rm -f Makefile $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES) stamp-h stamp-h[0-9]* maintainer-clean-generic: @echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use" @echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild." #>- clean: clean-am #>+ 1 clean: kde-rpo-clean clean-am clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am distclean: distclean-am distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic distclean-libtool dvi: dvi-am dvi-am: info: info-am info-am: install-data-am: install-docsDATA install-exec-am: install-info: install-info-am install-man: installcheck-am: maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool uninstall-am: uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am .PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \ distclean distclean-generic distclean-libtool distdir dvi \ dvi-am info info-am install install-am install-data \ install-data-am install-docsDATA install-exec install-exec-am \ install-info install-info-am install-man install-strip \ installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \ maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \ mostlyclean-libtool uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA \ uninstall-info-am # Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. # Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. .NOEXPORT: #>+ 2 docs-am: #>+ 6 force-reedit: cd $(top_srcdir) && \ $(AUTOMAKE) --gnu reference/C/GDB/Makefile cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/GDB/Makefile.in #>+ 2 final: $(MAKE) all-am #>+ 2 final-install: $(MAKE) install-am #>+ 2 no-final: $(MAKE) all-am #>+ 2 no-final-install: $(MAKE) install-am #>+ 3 cvs-clean: $(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean #>+ 3 kde-rpo-clean: -rm -f *.rpo c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405227013130 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/setlocale.htm0000644000076400001440000000555207055335006015530 setlocale 





SETLOCALE(3)        Linux Programmer's Manual        SETLOCALE(3)




NAME

       setlocale - set the current locale.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <locale.h>

       char *setlocale(int category, const char * locale);


DESCRIPTION

       The  setlocale() function is used to set or query the pro-
       gram's current locale.  If locale is "C" or  "POSIX",  the
       current locale is set to the portable locale.

       If  locale  is "", the locale is set to the default locale
       which is selected from the environment variable LANG.

       On startup of the main program, the portable "C" locale is
       selected as default.

       The  argument  category  determines  which  functions  are
       influenced by the new locale:

       LC_ALL for all of the locale.

       LC_COLLATE
              for the functions strcoll() and strxfrm().

       LC_CTYPE
              for the  character  classification  and  conversion
              routines.

       LC_MONETARY
              for localeconv().

       LC_NUMERIC
              for the decimal character.

       LC_TIME
              for  strftime().  NULL if the request cannot not be
              honored.  This string may be  allocated  in  static
              storage.

       A  program  may be made portable to all locales by calling
       setlocale(LC_ALL, "" ) after program   initialization,  by
       using  the  values  returned  from a localeconv() call for
       locale - dependent information and by using  strcoll()  or
       strxfrm() to compare strings.


CONFORMS TO

       ANSI C, POSIX.1

       Linux  supports  the  portable locales "C" and "POSIX" and
       also the  European  Latin-1  "ISO-8859-1"  ,  and  Russian
       "KOI-8" locales.




GNU                       April 18, 1993                        1







SETLOCALE(3)        Linux Programmer's Manual        SETLOCALE(3)



       The  printf() family of functions may or may not honor the
       current locale.

SEE ALSO

locale, localedef, strcoll, isalpha, conv, strftime, locale, 





















































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STDARG(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STDARG(3)




NAME

       stdarg - variable argument lists


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdarg.h>

       void va_start( va_list ap, last);
       typeva_arg( va_list ap, type);
       void va_end( va_list ap);


DESCRIPTION

       A  function  may  be called with a varying number of argu-
       ments  of  varying  types.   The  include  file   stdarg.h
       declares a type va_list and defines three macros for step-
       ping through a list of arguments whose  number  and  types
       are not known to the called function.

       The called function must declare an object of type va_list
       which is used by the macros va_start, va_arg, and  va_end.

       The  va_start  macro  initializes ap for subsequent use by
       va_arg and va_end, and must be called first.

       The parameter last is  the  name  of  the  last  parameter
       before  the variable argument list, i.e., the last parame-
       ter of which the calling function knows the type.

       Because the address of  this  parameter  is  used  in  the
       va_start  macro,  it  should not be declared as a register
       variable, or as a function or an array type.

       The va_start macro returns no value.

       The va_arg macro expands to an  expression  that  has  the
       type  and  value  of  the  next argument in the call.  The
       parameter ap is the va_list ap  initialized  by  va_start.
       Each  call  to  va_arg  modifies  ap so that the next call
       returns the next argument.  The parameter type is  a  type
       name  specified so that the type of a pointer to an object
       that has the specified type  can  be  obtained  simply  by
       adding a * to type.

       If there is no next argument, or if type is not compatible
       with the type of the actual  next  argument  (as  promoted
       according  to  the  default  argument  promotions), random
       errors will occur.

       The first use of  the  va_arg  macro  after  that  of  the
       va_start  macro  returns the argument after last.  Succes-
       sive invocations return the values of the remaining  argu-
       ments.

       The va_end macro handles a normal return from the function
       whose variable argument list was initialized by  va_start.




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STDARG(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STDARG(3)



       The va_end macro returns no value.


EXAMPLES

       The  function  foo takes a string of format characters and
       prints out the argument associated with each format  char-
       acter based on the type.
              void foo(char *fmt, ...)
              {
                   va_list ap;
                   int d;
                   char c, *p, *s;

                   va_start(ap, fmt);
                   while (*fmt)
                        switch(*fmt++) {
                        case 's':           /* string */
                             s = va_arg(ap, char *);
                             printf("string %s\n", s);
                             break;
                        case 'd':           /* int */
                             d = va_arg(ap, int);
                             printf("int %d\n", d);
                             break;
                        case 'c':           /* char */
                             c = va_arg(ap, char);
                             printf("char %c\n", c);
                             break;
                        }
                   va_end(ap);
              }


STANDARDS

       The  va_start,  va_arg,  and va_end macros conform to ANSI
       C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').


COMPATIBILITY

       These macros are not compatible with the  historic  macros
       they  replace.  A backward compatible version can be found
       in the include file varargs.h.


BUGS

       Unlike the varargs macros, the stdarg macros do not permit
       programmers  to  code  a function with no fixed arguments.
       This problem generates work mainly when converting varargs
       code  to stdarg code, but it also creates difficulties for
       variadic functions that wish to pass all  of  their  argu-
       ments on to a function that takes a va_list argument, such
       as vfprintf(3).










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SCANDIR(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SCANDIR(3)




NAME

       scandir, alphasort - scan a directory for matching entries


SYNOPSIS

       #include <dirent.h>

       int scandir(const char *dir, struct dirent ***namelist,
              int (*select)(const struct dirent *),
              int (*compar)(const void *, const void *));

       int alphasort(const struct dirent *a, const struct dirent *b);


DESCRIPTION

       The scandir() function scans the  directory  dir,  calling
       select()  on  each  directory  entry.   Entries  for which
       select() returns non-zero are stored in strings  allocated
       via  malloc(),  sorted  using  qsort() with the comparison
       function compar(), and collected in array  namelist  which
       is allocated via malloc().

       The  alphasort()  function  can  be used as the comparison
       function for the scandir() function to sort the  directory
       entries  into  alphabetical order.  Its parameters are the
       two directory entries, a and b, to compare.


RETURN VALUE

       The scandir() function returns  the  number  of  directory
       entries selected or -1 if an error occurs.

       The  alphasort()  function  returns  an integer less than,
       equal to, or greater than zero if the  first  argument  is
       considered  to  be  respectively  less  than, equal to, or
       greater than the second.


ERRORS

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to complete the operation.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

opendir, readdir, closedir, rewinddir, telldir, seekdir, 
















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STRTOD(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STRTOD(3)




NAME

       strtod - convert ASCII string to double


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       double strtod(const char *nptr, char **endptr


DESCRIPTION

       The  strtod  function  converts the initial portion of the
       string pointed to by nptr to double representation.

       The expected form  of  the  string  is  an  optional  plus
       (``+'')  or  minus  sign (``-'') followed by a sequence of
       digits optionally containing  a  decimal-point  character,
       optionally  followed by an exponent.  An exponent consists
       of an ``E'' or ``e'', followed  by  an  optional  plus  or
       minus sign, followed by a sequence of digits.

       Leading  white-space  characters in the string (as defined
       by the isspace(3) function) are skipped.


RETURN VALUES

       The strtod function returns the converted value, if any.

       If endptr is not NULL, a pointer to  the  character  after
       the last character used in the conversion is stored in the
       location referenced by endptr.

       If no conversion is performed, zero is  returned  and  the
       value  of  nptr  is  stored  in the location referenced by
       endptr.

       If the correct value would cause overflow, plus  or  minus
       HUGE_VAL is returned (according to the sign of the value),
       and ERANGE is stored in errno.  If the correct value would
       cause  underflow, zero is returned and ERANGE is stored in
       errno.


ERRORS

       ERANGE Overflow or underflow occurred.

SEE ALSO

atof, atoi, atol, strtol, strtoul, 



STANDARDS

       The strtod function conforms to ANSI-C.


BUGS

       This is a BSD manual page and may not reflect the  current
       Linux implementation.







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STRFTIME(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         STRFTIME(3)




NAME

       strftime - format date and time


SYNOPSIS

       #include <time.h>

       size_t strftime(char *s, size_t max, const char *format,
                           const struct tm *tm);


DESCRIPTION

       The  strftime()  function  formats the broken-down time tm
       according to the format specification  format  and  places
       the result in the character array s of size max.

       Ordinary characters placed in the format string are copied
       to s without conversion.  Conversion specifiers are intro-
       duced  by  a  `%' character, and are replaced in s as fol-
       lows:

       %a     The abbreviated weekday name according to the  cur-
              rent locale.

       %A     The  full  weekday  name  according  to the current
              locale.

       %b     The abbreviated month name according to the current
              locale.

       %B     The  full  month  name  according  to  the  current
              locale.

       %c     The preferred date and time representation for  the
              current locale.

       %d     The  day  of the month as a decimal number (range 0
              to 31).

       %H     The hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour  clock
              (range 00 to 23).

       %I     The  hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock
              (range 01 to 12).

       %j     The day of the year as a decimal number (range  001
              to 366).

       %m     The month as a decimal number (range 10 to 12).

       %M     The minute as a decimal number.

       %p     Either  `am'  or  `pm'  according to the given time
              value, or the corresponding strings for the current
              locale.





GNU                        July 2, 1993                         1







STRFTIME(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         STRFTIME(3)



       %S     The second as a decimal number.

       %U     The  week  number  of the current year as a decimal
              number, starting with the first Sunday as the first
              day of the first week.

       %W     The  week  number  of the current year as a decimal
              number, starting with the first Monday as the first
              day of the first week.

       %w     The day of the week as a decimal, Sunday being 0.

       %x     The  preferred  date representation for the current
              locale without the time.

       %X     The preferred time representation for  the  current
              locale without the date.

       %y     The  year  as  a  decimal  number without a century
              (range 00 to 99).

       %Y     The year as a decimal number including the century.

       %Z     The time zone or name or abbreviation.

       %%     A literal `%' character.

       The  broken-down  time structure tm is defined in <time.h>
       as follows:

              struct tm
              {
                      int     tm_sec;         /* seconds */
                      int     tm_min;         /* minutes */
                      int     tm_hour;        /* hours */
                      int     tm_mday;        /* day of the month */
                      int     tm_mon;         /* month */
                      int     tm_year;        /* year */
                      int     tm_wday;        /* day of the week */
                      int     tm_yday;        /* day in the year */
                      int     tm_isdst;       /* daylight saving time */
              };

       The members of the tm structure are:

       tm_sec The number of seconds after the minute, normally in
              the range 0 to 59, but can be up to 61 to allow for
              leap seconds.

       tm_min The number of minutes after the hour, in the  range
              0 to 59.

       tm_hour
              The  number  of hours past midnight, in the range 0




GNU                        July 2, 1993                         2







STRFTIME(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         STRFTIME(3)



              to 23.

       tm_mday
              The day of the month, in the range 1 to 31.

       tm_mon The number of months since January, in the range  0
              to 11.

       tm_year
              The number of years since 1900.

       tm_wday
              The  number of days since Sunday, in the range 0 to
              6.

       tm_yday
              The number of days since January 1, in the range  0
              to 365.

       tm_isdst
              A  flag that indicates whether daylight saving time
              is in effect at the time described.  The  value  is
              positive if daylight saving time is in effect, zero
              if it is not, and negative if  the  information  is
              not available.


RETURN VALUE

       The  strftime()  function returns the number of characters
       placed in the array s, not including the terminating  NULL
       character.   If  the  value  equals max, it means that the
       array was too small.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

date, time, ctime, setlocale, sprintf, 



NOTES

       The function supports  only  those  locales  specified  in
       locale(7)

















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COS(3)              Linux Programmer's Manual              COS(3)




NAME

       cos - cosine function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double cos(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  cos()  function  returns  the cosine of x, where x is
       given in radians.


RETURN VALUE

       The cos() function returns a value between -1 and 1.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

acos, asin, atan, atan2, sin, tan, 






































                           June 8, 1993                         1

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SETBUF(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           SETBUF(3)




NAME

       setbuf,  setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf - stream buffering
       operations


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int setbuf( FILE *stream, char *buf);
       int setbuffer( FILE *stream, char *buf, size_tsize);
       int setlinebuf( FILE *stream);
       int setvbuf( FILE *stream, char *buf, int mode , size_t
       size);


DESCRIPTION

       The  three  types  of  buffering available are unbuffered,
       block buffered, and line buffered.  When an output  stream
       is unbuffered, information appears on the destination file
       or terminal as soon as written; when it is block  buffered
       many  characters are saved up and written as a block; when
       it is line buffered characters are saved up until  a  new-
       line  is  output or input is read from any stream attached
       to a terminal  device  (typically  stdin).   The  function
       fflush(3)  may be used to force the block out early.  (See
       fclose(3).)  Normally all files are block buffered.   When
       the  first  I/O  operation  occurs on a file, malloc(3) is
       called, and a buffer is obtained.  If a stream refers to a
       terminal  (as  stdout  normally does) it is line buffered.
       The standard error stream stderr is always unbuffered.

       The setvbuf function may be used at any time on  any  open
       stream  to  change its buffer.  The mode parameter must be
       one of the following three macros:

              _IONBF unbuffered

              _IOLBF line buffered

              _IOFBF fully buffered

       Except for unbuffered files, the buf argument should point
       to  a buffer at least size bytes long; this buffer will be
       used instead of the current buffer.  If the  argument  buf
       is  NULL,  only the mode is affected; a new buffer will be
       allocated on  the  next  read  or  write  operation.   The
       setvbuf  function  may  be  used at any time, but can only
       change the mode of a stream when  it  is  not  ``active'':
       that  is,  before  any I/O, or immediately after a call to
       fflush.

       The other three calls are, in effect, simply  aliases  for
       calls  to setvbuf.  The setbuf function is exactly equiva-
       lent to the call

              setvbuf(stream,  buf,  buf    _IOFBF   :   _IONBF,




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       1







SETBUF(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           SETBUF(3)



              BUFSIZ);

       The  setbuffer  function is the same, except that the size
       of the buffer is up  to  the  caller,  rather  than  being
       determined by the default BUFSIZ.  The setlinebuf function
       is exactly equivalent to the call:

              setvbuf(stream, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, 0);

SEE ALSO

fopen, fclose, fread, malloc, puts, printf, 



STANDARDS

       The   setbuf   and   setvbuf  functions  conform  to  ANSI
       C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').


BUGS

       The setbuffer and setlinebuf functions are not portable to
       versions  of  BSD  before 4.2BSD, and may not be available
       under Linux.  On 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD systems, setbuf  always
       uses a suboptimal buffer size and should be avoided.

       You  must  make sure that both buf and the space it points
       to still exist by the time stream is  closed,  which  also
       happens at program termination.

       For example, the following is illegal:

       #include <stdio.h>
       int main()
       {
           char buf[BUFSIZ];
           setbuf(stdin, buf);
           printf("Hello, world!\n");
           return 0;
       }





















BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       2

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FABS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             FABS(3)




NAME

       fabs - absolute value of floating-point number


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double fabs(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  fabs()  function  returns  the  absolute value of the
       floating-point number x.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

abs, ceil, floor, , rint, 









































                          June 25, 1993                         1

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GETHOSTNAME(2)      Linux Programmer's Manual      GETHOSTNAME(2)




NAME

       gethostname, sethostname - get/set host name


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int gethostname(char *name, size_t len);
       int sethostname(const char *name, size_t len);


DESCRIPTION

       These  functions  are used to access or to change the host
       name of the current processor.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EINVAL len  is negative or, for sethostname, len is larger
              than the maximum allowed size, or, for  gethostname
              on Linux/i386, len is smaller than the actual size.

       EPERM  For sethostname, the caller was not the  superuser.

       EFAULT name is an invalid address.


CONFORMING TO

       POSIX.1  does  not  define  these  functions,  but ISO/IEC
       9945-1:1990 mentions them in B.4.4.1.


BUGS

       Some other  implementations  of  gethostname  successfully
       return len bytes even if name is longer.  Linux/Alpha com-
       plies with this behaviour.  Linux/i386,  however,  returns
       EINVAL in this case (as of DLL 4.6.27 libraries).


NOTES

       Under  Linux/Alpha,  gethostname  is a system call.  Under
       Linux/i386, gethostname  is  implemented  at  the  library
       level by calling uname(2).

SEE ALSO

getdomainname, setdomainname, uname, 
















Linux 1.3.6                22 July 1995                         1

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SETENV(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           SETENV(3)




NAME

       setenv - change or add an environment variable


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int overwrite);

       void unsetenv(const char *name);


DESCRIPTION

       The  setenv() function adds the variable name to the envi-
       ronment with the value value, if  name  does  not  already
       exist.   If  name  does exist in the environment, then its
       value is changed to value if  overwrite  is  non-zero;  if
       overwrite  is zero, then the value of name is not changed.

       The unsetenv() function deletes the variable name from the
       environment.


RETURN VALUE

       The  setenv()  function  returns zero on success, or -1 if
       there was insufficient space in the environment.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

getenv, putenv, 






























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MKDIR(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            MKDIR(2)




NAME

       mkdir - create a directory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <fcntl.h>
       #include <unistd.h>

       int mkdir(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);


DESCRIPTION

       mkdir attempts to create a directory named pathname.

       mode  specifies  the permissions to use. It is modified by
       the process's umask in the usual way: the  permissions  of
       the created file are (mode & ~umask).

       The newly created directory will be owned by the effective
       uid of the process.  If the directory containing the  file
       has  the  set  group  id  bit set, or if the filesystem is
       mounted with BSD group semantics, the new  directory  will
       inherit  the group ownership from its parent; otherwise it
       will be owned by the effective gid of the process.

       If the parent directory has the set group id bit set  then
       so will the newly created directory.



RETURN VALUE

       mkdir  returns zero on success, or -1 if an error occurred
       (in which case, errno is set appropriately).


ERRORS

       EEXIST pathname  already  exists  (not  necessarily  as  a
              directory).

       EFAULT pathname  points  outside  your  accessible address
              space.

       EACCES The parent directory does not allow  write  permis-
              sion  to  the process, or one of the directories in
              pathname did not allow search (execute) permission.

       ENAMETOOLONG
              pathname was too long.

       ENOENT A directory component in pathname does not exist or
              is a dangling symbolic link.

       ENOTDIR
              A component used as a directory in pathname is not,
              in fact, a directory.

       ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.




Linux 1.0                 29 March 1994                         1







MKDIR(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            MKDIR(2)



       EROFS  pathname refers to a file on a read-only filesystem
              and write access was requested.

       ELOOP  pathname contains a reference to  a  circular  sym-
              bolic link, ie a symbolic link whose expansion con-
              tains a reference to itself.

       ENOSPC The device containing pathname has no room for  the
              new  directory.  ENOSPC The new directory cannot be
              created because the user's disk quota is exhausted.


CONFORMING TO

BUGS

       In some older versions of Linux (for example, 0.99pl7) all
       the normal filesystems sometime allow the creation of  two
       files  in  the  same  directory  with the same name.  This
       occurs only rarely and only on a  heavily  loaded  system.
       It  is  believed  that  this  bug  was  fixed in the Minix
       filesystem in Linux 0.99pl8 pre-release; and it  is  hoped
       that  it was fixed in the other filesystems shortly after-
       wards.

       There are many infelicities  in  the  protocol  underlying
       NFS.

SEE ALSO

read, write, fcntl, close, unlink, open, mknod, stat, umask, mount, socket, socket, 






























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LONGJMP(3)              Library functions              LONGJMP(3)




NAME

       longjmp - non-local jump to a saved stack context


SYNOPSIS

       #include <setjmp.h>

       void longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val);


DESCRIPTION

       longjmp() and setjmp(3) are useful for dealing with errors
       and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of  a
       program.   longjmp() restores the environment saved by the
       last call of setjmp() with the corresponding env argument.
       After  longjmp() is completed, program execution continues
       as if the corresponding call of setjmp() had just returned
       the  value  val.  longjmp() cannot cause 0 to be returned.
       If longjmp is invoked with a second argument of 0, 1  will
       be returned instead.


RETURN VALUE

       This function never returns.


CONFORMING TO

       POSIX


NOTES

       POSIX  does  not  specify  if  the  signal context will be
       restored or not.  If  you  want  to  save  restore  signal
       masks,  use siglongjmp(3) longjmp() makes programs hard to
       understand  and  maintain.   If  possible  an  alternative
       should be used.

SEE ALSO

setjmp, sigsetjmp, siglongjmp, 
























                        November 25, 1994                       1

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DIV(3)              Linux Programmer's Manual              DIV(3)




NAME

       div - computes the quotient and remainder of integer divi-
       sion


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       div_t div(int numer, int denom);


DESCRIPTION

       The div() function  computes  the  value  numer/denom  and
       returns  the  quotient  and remainder in a structure named
       div_t that contains two integer  members  named  quot  and
       rem.


RETURN VALUE

       The div_t structure.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

, 



































                           June 6, 1993                         1

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GETGID(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETGID(2)




NAME

       getgid, getegid - get group identity


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       gid_t getgid(void);
       gid_t getegid(void);


DESCRIPTION

       getgid returns the real group ID of the current process.

       getegid returns the effective group ID of the current pro-
       cess.

       The real ID corresponds to the ID of the calling  process.
       The effective ID corresponds to the set ID bit on the file
       being executed.


ERRORS

       These functions are always successful.


CONFORMS TO

       POSIX, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

setregid, setgid, 
































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SETPGID(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SETPGID(2)




NAME

       setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp - set/get process group


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);
       pid_t getpgid(pid_t pid);
       int setpgrp(void);
       pid_t getpgrp(void);


DESCRIPTION

       setpgid sets the process group ID of the process specified
       by  pid  to  pgid.   If pid is zero, the process ID of the
       current process is used.  If pgid is zero, the process  ID
       of the process specified by pid is used.

       getpgid returns the process group ID of the process speci-
       fied by pid.  If pid is zero, the process ID of  the  cur-
       rent process is used.

       In  the  Linux  DLL  4.4.1  library,  setpgrp simply calls
       setpgid(0,0).

       getpgrp is equivalent to getpgid(0).

       Process groups are used for distribution of  signals,  and
       by  terminals  to arbitrate requests for their input: pro-
       cesses that have the same process group  as  the  terminal
       are  foreground and may read, while others will block with
       a signal if they attempt to read.

       These calls are thus used by programs such  as  csh(1)  to
       create  process  groups  in implementing job control.  The
       TIOCGPGRP and TIOCSPGRP calls described in termios(4)  are
       used to get/set the process group of the control terminal.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, setpgid and setpgrp return zero.  On error, -1
       is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

       getpgid  returns a process group on success.  On error, -1
       is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

       getpgrp always returns the current process group.


ERRORS

       EINVAL  pgid is less than 0.

       EPERM   Various permission violations.

       ESRCH   pid does not match any process.






Linux 1.2.4               15 April 1995                         1







SETPGID(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SETPGID(2)

SEE ALSO

getuid, setsid, tcsetpgrp, termios, 

























































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SETJMP(3)               Library functions               SETJMP(3)




NAME

       setjmp - save stack context for non-local goto


SYNOPSIS

       #include <setjmp.h>

       int setjmp(jmp_buf env );


DESCRIPTION

       setjmp  and  longjmp(3) are useful for dealing with errors
       and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of  a
       program.   setjmp() saves the stack context/environment in
       env for later use by longjmp().  The stack context will be
       invalidated if the function which called setjmp() returns.


RETURN VALUE

       It returns the value 0 if returning directly and  non-zero
       when returning from longjmp() using the saved context.


CONFORMING TO

       POSIX


NOTES

       POSIX does not specify if the signal context will be saved
       or  not.   If  you  want  to  save   signal   masks,   use
       sigsetjmp(3).   setjmp() makes programs hard to understand
       and maintain.  If possible an alternative should be  used.

SEE ALSO

, sigsetjmp, siglongjmp, 




























                        November 25, 1994                       1

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PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)




NAME

       perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program


DESCRIPTION

       PREAMBLE

       Do you want to:

       Use C from Perl?
            Read the perlcall manpage and the perlxs manpage.

       Use a UNIX program from Perl?
            Read about backquotes and the system entry in the
            perlfunc manpage and the exec entry in the perlfunc
            manpage.

       Use Perl from Perl?
            Read about the do entry in the perlfunc manpage and
            the eval entry in the perlfunc manpage and the use
            entry in the perlmod manpage and the require entry in
            the perlmod manpage.

       Use C from C?
            Rethink your design.

       Use Perl from C?
            Read on...

       ROADMAP

       the section on Compiling your C program

       There's one example in each of the five sections:

       the section on Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

       the section on Calling a Perl subroutine from your C
       program

       the section on Evaluating a Perl statement from your C
       program

       the section on Performing Perl pattern matches and
       substitutions from your C program

       the section on Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C
       program

       This documentation is UNIX specific.

       Compiling your C program

       Every C program that uses Perl must link in the perl
       library.




30/Jan/96                perl 5.003 with                        1







PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)



       What's that, you ask?  Perl is itself written in C; the
       perl library is the collection of compiled C programs that
       were used to create your perl executable (/usr/bin/perl or
       equivalent).  (Corollary: you can't use Perl from your C
       program unless Perl has been compiled on your machine, or
       installed properly--that's why you shouldn't blithely copy
       Perl executables from machine to machine without also
       copying the lib directory.)

       Your C program will--usually--allocate, "run", and
       deallocate a PerlInterpreter object, which is defined in
       the perl library.

       If your copy of Perl is recent enough to contain this
       documentation (5.002 or later), then the perl library (and
       EXTERN.h and perl.h, which you'll also need) will reside
       in a directory resembling this:

           /usr/local/lib/perl5/your_architecture_here/CORE

       or perhaps just

           /usr/local/lib/perl5/CORE

       or maybe something like

           /usr/opt/perl5/CORE

       Execute this statement for a hint about where to find
       CORE:

           perl -e 'use Config; print $Config{archlib}'

       Here's how you might compile the example in the next
       section, the section on Adding a Perl interpreter to your
       C program, on a DEC Alpha running the OSF operating
       system:

           % cc -o interp interp.c -L/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE
           -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE -lperl -lm

       You'll have to choose the appropriate compiler (cc, gcc,
       et al.)  and library directory (/usr/local/lib/...)  for
       your machine.  If your compiler complains that certain
       functions are undefined, or that it can't locate -lperl,
       then you need to change the path following the -L.  If it
       complains that it can't find EXTERN.h or perl.h, you need
       to change the path following the -I.

       You may have to add extra libraries as well.  Which ones?
       Perhaps those printed by

          perl -e 'use Config; print $Config{libs}'





30/Jan/96                perl 5.003 with                        2







PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)



       Adding a Perl interpreter to youur C program

       In a sense, perl (the C program) is a good example of
       embedding Perl (the language), so I'll demonstrate
       embedding with miniperlmain.c, from the source
       distribution.  Here's a bastardized, non-portable version
       of miniperlmain.c containing the essentials of embedding:

           #include <stdio.h>
           #include <EXTERN.h>               /* from the Perl distribution     */
           #include <perl.h>                 /* from the Perl distribution     */

           static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;  /***    The Perl interpreter    ***/

           int main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
           {
               my_perl = perl_alloc();
               perl_construct(my_perl);
               perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, argc, argv, env);
               perl_run(my_perl);
               perl_destruct(my_perl);
               perl_free(my_perl);
           }

       Now compile this program (I'll call it interp.c) into an
       executable:

           % cc -o interp interp.c -L/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE
           -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE -lperl -lm

       After a successful compilation, you'll be able to use
       interp just like perl itself:

           % interp
           print "Pretty Good Perl \n";
           print "10890 - 9801 is ", 10890 - 9801;
           <CTRL-D>
           Pretty Good Perl
           10890 - 9801 is 1089

       or

           % interp -e 'printf("%x", 3735928559)'
           deadbeef

       You can also read and execute Perl statements from a file
       while in the midst of your C program, by placing the
       filename in argv[1] before calling perl_run().

       Calling a Perl subroutine from yyour C program

       To call individual Perl subroutines, you'll need to remove
       the call to perl_run() and replace it with a call to
       perl_call_argv().




30/Jan/96                perl 5.003 with                        3







PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)



       That's shown below, in a program I'll call showtime.c.

           #include <stdio.h>
           #include <EXTERN.h>
           #include <perl.h>

           static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;

           int main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
           {
               my_perl = perl_alloc();
               perl_construct(my_perl);

               perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, argc, argv, env);

                                            /*** This replaces perl_run() ***/
               perl_call_argv("showtime", G_DISCARD | G_NOARGS, argv);
               perl_destruct(my_perl);
               perl_free(my_perl);
           }

       where showtime is a Perl subroutine that takes no
       arguments (that's the G_NOARGS) and for which I'll ignore
       the return value (that's the G_DISCARD).  Those flags, and
       others, are discussed in the perlcall manpage.

       I'll define the showtime subroutine in a file called
       showtime.pl:

           print "I shan't be printed.";

           sub showtime {
               print time;
           }

       Simple enough.  Now compile and run:

           % cc -o showtime showtime.c -L/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE
           -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE -lperl -lm

           % showtime showtime.pl
           818284590

       yielding the number of seconds that elapsed between
       January 1, 1970 (the beginning of the UNIX epoch), and the
       moment I began writing this sentence.

       If you want to pass some arguments to the Perl subroutine,
       or you want to access the return value, you'll need to
       manipulate the Perl stack, demonstrated in the last
       section of this document: the section on Fiddling with the
       Perl stack from your C program






30/Jan/96                perl 5.003 with                        4







PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)



       Evaluating a Perl statement fr
om your C program


       NOTE: This section, and the next, employ some very brittle
       techniques for evaluting strings of Perl code.  Perl 5.002
       contains some nifty features that enable A Better Way
       (such as with the perl_eval_sv entry in the perlguts
       manpage).  Look for updates to this document soon.

       One way to evaluate a Perl string is to define a function
       (we'll call ours perl_eval()) that wraps around Perl's the
       eval entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Arguably, this is the only routine you'll ever need to
       execute snippets of Perl code from within your C program.
       Your string can be as long as you wish; it can contain
       multiple statements; it can use the require entry in the
       perlmod manpage or the do entry in the perlfunc manpage to
       include external Perl files.

       Our perl_eval() lets us evaluate individual Perl strings,
       and then extract variables for coercion into C types.  The
       following program, string.c, executes three Perl strings,
       extracting an int from the first, a float from the second,
       and a char * from the third.


































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PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)



          #include <stdio.h>
          #include <EXTERN.h>
          #include <perl.h>

          static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;

          int perl_eval(char *string)
          {
            char *argv[2];
            argv[0] = string;
            argv[1] = NULL;
            perl_call_argv("_eval_", 0, argv);
          }

          main (int argc, char **argv, char **env)
          {
            char *embedding[] = { "", "-e", "sub _eval_ { eval $_[0] }" };
            STRLEN length;

            my_perl = perl_alloc();
            perl_construct( my_perl );

            perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, 3, embedding, env);

                                              /** Treat $a as an integer **/
            perl_eval("$a = 3; $a **= 2");
            printf("a = %d\n", SvIV(perl_get_sv("a", FALSE)));

                                              /** Treat $a as a float **/
            perl_eval("$a = 3.14; $a **= 2");
            printf("a = %f\n", SvNV(perl_get_sv("a", FALSE)));

                                              /** Treat $a as a string **/
            perl_eval("$a = 'rekcaH lreP rehtonA tsuJ'; $a = reverse($a); ");
            printf("a = %s\n", SvPV(perl_get_sv("a", FALSE), length));

            perl_destruct(my_perl);
            perl_free(my_perl);
          }

       All of those strange functions with sv in their names help
       convert Perl scalars to C types.  They're described in the
       perlguts manpage.

       If you compile and run string.c, you'll see the results of
       using SvIV() to create an int, SvNV() to create a float,
       and SvPV() to create a string:

          a = 9
          a = 9.859600
          a = Just Another Perl Hacker







30/Jan/96                perl 5.003 with                        6







PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)



       Performing Perl pattern matche
s and substitutions from

       your C program

       Our perl_eval() lets us evaluate strings of Perl code, so
       we can define some functions that use it to "specialize"
       in matches and substitutions: match(), substitute(), and
       matches().

          char match(char *string, char *pattern);

       Given a string and a pattern (e.g. "m/clasp/" or
       "/\b\w*\b/", which in your program might be represented as
       "/\\b\\w*\\b/"), returns 1 if the string matches the
       pattern and 0 otherwise.

          int substitute(char *string[], char *pattern);

       Given a pointer to a string and an "=~" operation (e.g.
       "s/bob/robert/g" or "tr[A-Z][a-z]"), modifies the string
       according to the operation, returning the number of
       substitutions made.

          int matches(char *string, char *pattern, char **matches[]);

       Given a string, a pattern, and a pointer to an empty array
       of strings, evaluates $string =~ $pattern in an array
       context, and fills in matches with the array elements
       (allocating memory as it does so), returning the number of
       matches found.

       Here's a sample program, match.c, that uses all three:



























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PERLEMBED(1)     Perl Programmers Reference Guide    PERLEMBED(1)



          #include <stdio.h>
          #include <EXTERN.h>
          #include <perl.h>

          static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;

          int eval(char *string)
          {
            char *argv[2];
            argv[0] = string;
            argv[1] = NULL;
            perl_call_argv("_eval_", 0, argv);
          }

          /** match(string, pattern)
           **
           ** Used for matches in a scalar context.
           **
           ** Returns 1 if the match was successful; 0 otherwise.
           **/
          char match(char *string, char *pattern)
          {
            char *command;
            command = malloc(sizeof(char) * strlen(string) + strlen(pattern) + 37);
            sprintf(command, "$string = '%s'; $return = $string =~ %s",
               string, pattern);
            perl_eval(command);
            free(command);
            return SvIV(perl_get_sv("return", FALSE));
          }

          /** substitute(string, pattern)
           **
           ** Used for =~ operations that modify their left-hand side (s/// and tr///)
           **
           ** Returns the number of successful matches, and
           ** modifies the input string if there were any.
           **/
          int substitute(char *string[], char *pattern)
          {
            char *command;
            STRLEN length;
            command = malloc(sizeof(char) * strlen(*string) + strlen(pattern) + 35);
            sprintf(command, "$string = '%s'; $ret = ($string =~ %s)",
               *string, pattern);
            perl_eval(command);
            free(command);
            *string = SvPV(perl_get_sv("string", FALSE), length);
            return SvIV(perl_get_sv("ret", FALSE));
          }

          /** matches(string, pattern, matches)
           **
           ** Used for matches in an array context.




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           **
           ** Returns the number of matches,
           ** and fills in **matches with the matching substrings (allocates memory!)
           **/
          int matches(char *string, char *pattern, char **matches[])
          {
            char *command;
            SV *current_match;
            AV *array;
            I32 num_matches;
            STRLEN length;
            int i;

            command = malloc(sizeof(char) * strlen(string) + strlen(pattern) + 38);
            sprintf(command, "$string = '%s'; @array = ($string =~ %s)",
               string, pattern);
            perl_eval(command);
            free(command);
            array = perl_get_av("array", FALSE);
            num_matches = av_len(array) + 1; /** assume $[ is 0 **/
            *matches = (char **) malloc(sizeof(char *) * num_matches);
            for (i = 0; i <= num_matches; i++) {
              current_match = av_shift(array);
              (*matches)[i] = SvPV(current_match, length);
            }
            return num_matches;
          }

          main (int argc, char **argv, char **env)
          {
            char *embedding[] = { "", "-e", "sub _eval_ { eval $_[0] }" };
            char *text, **matches;
            int num_matches, i;
            int j;

            my_perl = perl_alloc();
            perl_construct( my_perl );

            perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, 3, embedding, env);

            text = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * 486); /** A long string follows! **/
            sprintf(text, "%s", "When he is at a convenience store and the bill comes to some amount like 76 cents, Maynard is aware that there is something he *should* do, something that will enable him to get back a quarter, but he has no idea *what*.  He fumbles through his red squeezey changepurse and gives the boy three extra pennies with his dollar, hoping that he might luck into the corre
ct amount.  The boy gives him back two of his own pennies and then the big shiny quarter that is his prize. -RICHH");


            if (perl_match(text, "m/quarter/")) /** Does text contain 'quarter'? **/
              printf("perl_match: Text contains the word 'quarter'.\n\n");
            else
              printf("perl_match: Text doesn't contain the word 'quarter'.\n\n");

            if (perl_match(text, "m/eighth/")) /** Does text contain 'eighth'? **/
              printf("perl_match: Text contains the word 'eighth'.\n\n");
            else
              printf("perl_match: Text doesn't contain the word 'eighth'.\n\n");

                                              /** Match all occurrences of /wi../ **/




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            num_matches = perl_matches(text, "m/(wi..)/g", &matches);

            printf("perl_matches: m/(wi..)/g found %d matches...\n", num_matches);
            for (i = 0; i < num_matches; i++)
              printf("match: %s\n", matches[i]);
            printf("\n");
            for (i = 0; i < num_matches; i++) {
              free(matches[i]);
            }
            free(matches);

                                              /** Remove all vowels from text **/
            num_matches = perl_substitute(&text, "s/[aeiou]//gi");
            if (num_matches) {
              printf("perl_substitute: s/[aeiou]//gi...%d substitutions made.\n",
               num_matches);
              printf("Now text is: %s\n\n", text);
            }

                                              /** Attempt a substitution
            if (!perl_substitute(&text, "s/Perl/C/")) {
              printf("perl_substitute: s/Perl/C...No substitution made.\n\n");
            }

            free(text);

            perl_destruct(my_perl);
            perl_free(my_perl);
          }

       which produces the output

          perl_match: Text contains the word 'quarter'.

          perl_match: Text doesn't contain the word 'eighth'.

          perl_matches: m/(wi..)/g found 2 matches...
          match: will
          match: with

          perl_substitute: s/[aeiou]//gi...139 substitutions made.
          Now text is: Whn h s t  cnvnnc str nd th bll cms t sm mnt lk 76 cnts, Mynrd s wr tht thr s smthng h *shld* d, smthng tht wll nbl hm t gt bck  qrtr, bt h hs n d *wht*.  H fmbls thrgh hs rd s
qzy chngprs nd gvs th by thr xtr pnns wth hs dllr, hpng tht h mght lck nt th crrct mnt.  Th by gvs hm bck tw f hs wn pnns nd thn th bg shny qrtr tht s hs prz. -RCHH


          perl_substitute: s/Perl/C...No substitution made.

       =head2 Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

       When trying to explain stacks, most computer science
       textbooks mumble something about spring-loaded columns of
       cafeteria plates: the last thing you pushed on the stack
       is the first thing you pop off.  That'll do for our
       purposes: your C program will push some arguments onto
       "the Perl stack", shut its eyes while some magic happens,
       and then pop the results--the return value of your Perl




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       subroutine--off the stack.

       First you'll need to know how to convert between C types
       and Perl types, with newSViv() and sv_setnv() and newAV()
       and all their friends.  They're described in the perlguts
       manpage.

       Then you'll need to know how to manipulate the Perl stack.
       That's described in the perlcall manpage.

       Once you've understood those, embedding Perl in C is easy.

       Since C has no built-in function for integer
       exponentiation, let's make Perl's ** operator available to
       it (this is less useful than it sounds, since Perl
       implements ** with C's pow() function).  First I'll create
       a stub exponentiation function in power.pl:

           sub expo {
               my ($a, $b) = @_;
               return $a ** $b;
           }

       Now I'll create a C program, power.c, with a function
       PerlPower() that contains all the perlguts necessary to
       push the two arguments into expo() and to pop the return
       value out.  Take a deep breath...































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           #include <stdio.h>
           #include <EXTERN.h>
           #include <perl.h>

           static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;

           static void
           PerlPower(int a, int b)
           {
             dSP;                            /* initialize stack pointer      */
             ENTER;                          /* everything created after here */
             SAVETMPS;                       /* ...is a temporary variable.   */
             PUSHMARK(sp);                   /* remember the stack pointer    */
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(a))); /* push the base onto the stack  */
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(b))); /* push the exponent onto stack  */
             PUTBACK;                      /* make local stack pointer global */
             perl_call_pv("expo", G_SCALAR); /* call the function             */
             SPAGAIN;                        /* refresh stack pointer         */
                                           /* pop the return value from stack */
             printf ("%d to the %dth power is %d.\n", a, b, POPi);
             PUTBACK;
             FREETMPS;                       /* free that return value        */
             LEAVE;                       /* ...and the XPUSHed "mortal" args.*/
           }

           int main (int argc, char **argv, char **env)
           {
             char *my_argv[2];

             my_perl = perl_alloc();
             perl_construct( my_perl );

             my_argv[1] = (char *) malloc(10);
             sprintf(my_argv[1], "power.pl");

             perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, argc, my_argv, env);

             PerlPower(3, 4);                      /*** Compute 3 ** 4 ***/

             perl_destruct(my_perl);
             perl_free(my_perl);
           }


       Compile and run:

           % cc -o power power.c -L/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE
           -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/alpha-dec_osf/CORE -lperl -lm

           % power
           3 to the 4th power is 81.







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MORAL

       You can sometimes write faster code in C, but you can
       always write code faster in Perl.  Since you can use each
       from the other, combine them as you wish.


AUTHOR

       Jon Orwant <orwant@media.mit.edu>, with contributions from
       Tim Bunce, Tom Christiansen, Dov Grobgeld, and Ilya
       Zakharevich.

       December 18, 1995

       Some of this material is excerpted from my book: Perl 5
       Interactive, Waite Group Press, 1996 (ISBN 1-57169-064-6)
       and appears courtesy of Waite Group Press.











































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UNAME(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            UNAME(2)




NAME

       uname - get name and information about current kernel


SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/utsname.h>

       int uname(struct utsname *buf);


DESCRIPTION

       uname  returns  system  information  in  buf.  The utsname
       struct is as defined in /usr/include/sys/utsname.h :
       struct utsname {
                      char sysname[65];
                      char nodename[65];
                      char release[65];
                      char version[65];
                      char machine[65];
                      char domainname[65];
                      };


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EFAULT  buf is not valid.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN

SEE ALSO

uname, getdomainname, gethostname, 



























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STRCOLL(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          STRCOLL(3)




NAME

       strcoll - compare two strings using the current locale


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       int strcoll(const char *s1, const char *s2);


DESCRIPTION

       The strcoll() function compares the two strings s1 and s2.
       It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than
       zero  if  s1  is  found, respectively, to be less than, to
       match, or be greater than s2.  The comparison is based  on
       strings  interpreted as appropriate for the program's cur-
       rent locale for category LC_COLLATE.  (See  setlocale(3)).


RETURN VALUE

       The strcoll() function returns an integer less than, equal
       to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively,  to
       be  less  than, to match, or be greater than s2, when both
       are interpreted as appropriate for the current locale.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899


NOTES

       The Linux C Library currently hasn't implemented the  com-
       plete POSIX-collating.

       In  the  "POSIX" or "C" locales strcoll() is equivalent to
       strcmp().

SEE ALSO

bcmp, memcmp, strcasecmp, strcmp, strxfrm, setlocale, 
























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FFLUSH(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           FFLUSH(3)




NAME

       fflush, fpurge - flush a stream


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int fflush( FILE *stream);
       int fpurge( FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       The  function  fflush  forces a write of all buffered data
       for the given output or update  stream  via  the  stream's
       underlying  write function.  The open status of the stream
       is unaffected.

       If the stream argument is NULL, fflush  flushes  all  open
       output streams. (Does this happen under Linux)

       The function fpurge erases any input or output buffered in
       the given stream.  For output streams  this  discards  any
       unwritten  output.   For  input  streams this discards any
       input read from the underlying object but not yet obtained
       via  getc(3);  this  includes  any  text  pushed  back via
       ungetc.


RETURN VALUES

       Upon successful completion 0 is returned.  Otherwise,  EOF
       is  returned and the global variable errno is set to indi-
       cate the error.


ERRORS

       EBADF  Stream is not an open stream, or, in  the  case  of
              fflush, not a stream open for writing.

       The function fflush may also fail and set errno for any of
       the errors specified for the routine write(2).


BUGS

       Linux may not support fpurge.

SEE ALSO

write, fopen, fclose, setbuf, 



STANDARDS

       The fflush function conforms to ANSI  C3.159-1989  (``ANSI
       C'').












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MEMCHR(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           MEMCHR(3)




NAME

       memchr - scan memory for a character


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       void *memchr(const void *s, int c, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The  memchr() function scans the first n bytes of the mem-
       ory area pointed to by s for the character c.   The  first
       byte  to  match  c  (interpreted as an unsigned character)
       stops the operation.


RETURN VALUE

       The memchr() function returns a pointer  to  the  matching
       byte  or NULL if the character does not occur in the given
       memory area.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

index, rindex, strchr, strpbrk, strrchr, strsep, strspn, strstr, 


































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TOUPPER(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TOUPPER(3)




NAME

       toupper, tolower - convert letter to upper or lower case


SYNOPSIS

       #include <ctype.h>

       int toupper (int c);
       int tolower (int c);


DESCRIPTION

       toupper()  converts  the letter c to upper case, if possi-
       ble.

       tolower() converts the letter c to lower case,  if  possi-
       ble.


RETURN VALUE

       The  value  returned is that of the converted letter, or c
       if the conversion was not possible.


CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C, BSD 4.3


BUGS

       The details of what constitutes an uppercase or  lowercase
       letter  depend  on  the  current locale.  For example, the
       default "C" locale does not know about umlauts, so no con-
       version is done for them.

       In some non - English locales, there are lowercase letters
       with no corresponding  uppercase  equivalent;  the  German
       sharp s is one example.

SEE ALSO

isalpha, setlocale, locale, 
























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LDIV(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             LDIV(3)




NAME

       ldiv - computes the quotient and remainder of long integer
       division.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       ldiv_t ldiv(long int numer, long int denom);


DESCRIPTION

       The ldiv() function computes  the  value  numer/denom  and
       returns  the  quotient  and remainder in a structure named
       ldiv_t that contains two long integer members  named  quot
       and rem.


RETURN VALUE

       The ldiv_t structure.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

div, 




































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STRPBRK(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          STRPBRK(3)




NAME

       strpbrk - search a string for any of a set of characters


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       char *strpbrk(const char *s, const char *accept);


DESCRIPTION

       The strpbrk() function locates the first occurrence in the
       string s of any of the characters in the string accept.


RETURN VALUE

       The strpbrk() function returns a pointer to the  character
       in s that matches one of the characters in accept.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

index, memchr, rindex, strchr, strsep, spn, strstr, strtok, 




































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MEMMOVE(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          MEMMOVE(3)




NAME

       memmove - copy memory area


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The memmove() function copies n bytes from memory area src
       to memory area dest.  The memory areas may overlap.


RETURN VALUE

       The memmove() function returns a pointer to dest.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

bcopy, memccpy, memcpy, strcpy, strncpy, 







































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MALLOC(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           MALLOC(3)




NAME

       calloc,  malloc, free, realloc - Allocate and free dynamic
       memory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       void *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
       void *malloc(size_t size);
       void free(void *ptr);
       void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);


DESCRIPTION

       calloc() allocates memory for an array of  nmemb  elements
       of  size bytes each and returns a pointer to the allocated
       memory.  The memory is set to zero.

       malloc() allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the
       allocated memory.  The memory is not cleared.

       free()  frees  the  memory  space pointed to by ptr, which
       must have been returned by a previous  call  to  malloc(),
       calloc()  or  realloc().   If ptr is NULL, no operation is
       performed.

       realloc() changes the size of the memory block pointed  to
       by  ptr  to size bytes.  The contents will be unchanged to
       the minimum of the old an new sizes; newly allocated  mem-
       ory  will  be  uninitialized.  If ptr is NULL, the call is
       equivalent to malloc(size); if size is equal to zero,  the
       call  is  equivalent to free(ptr).  Unless ptr is NULL, it
       must have been returned by an earlier  call  to  malloc(),
       calloc() or realloc().


RETURN VALUES

       For calloc() and malloc(), the value returned is a pointer
       to the allocated memory, which is suitably aligned for any
       kind of variable, or NULL if the request fails.

       free() returns no value.

       realloc() returns a pointer to the newly allocated memory,
       which is suitably aligned for any kind of variable and may
       be  different from ptr, or NULL if the request fails or if
       size was equal to 0.   If  realloc()  fails  the  original
       block is left untouched - it is not freed or moved.


CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C

SEE ALSO

brk, 







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IOCTL(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            IOCTL(2)




NAME

       ioctl - control device


SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/ioctl.h>

       int ioctl(int d, int request, ...)

       [The  "third"  argument  is  traditionally char *argp, and
       will be so named for this discussion.]


DESCRIPTION

       The  ioctl  function  manipulates  the  underlying  device
       parameters  of special files.  In particular, many operat-
       ing characteristics of character special files (e.g.  ter-
       minals)  may be controlled with ioctl requests.  The argu-
       ment d must be an open file descriptor.

       An ioctl request has encoded in it whether the argument is
       an  in  parameter  or  out  parameter, and the size of the
       argument argp in bytes.  Macros and defines used in speci-
       fying   an   ioctl   request   are  located  in  the  file
       sys/ioctl.h.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EBADF  d is not a valid descriptor.

       ENOTTY d  is  not  associated  with  a  character  special
              device.

       ENOTTY The specified request does not apply to the kind of
              object that the descriptor d references.

       EINVAL Request or argp is not valid.


HISTORY

       An ioctl function call appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

SEE ALSO

execve, fcntl, mt, sd, tty, 















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GETS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             GETS(3)




NAME

       fgetc, fgets, getc, getchar, gets, ungetc - input of char-
       acters and strings


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int fgetc(FILE *stream);
       char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);
       int getc(FILE *stream);
       int getchar(void);
       char *gets(char *s);
       int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       fgetc() reads the next character from stream  and  returns
       it  as  an  unsigned char cast to an int, or EOF on end of
       file or error.

       getc() is equivalent to fgetc()  except  that  it  may  be
       implemented  as  a  macro which evaluates stream more than
       once.

       getchar() is equivalent to getc(stdin).

       gets() reads a line from stdin into the buffer pointed  to
       by  s  until either a terminating newline or EOF, which it
       replaces with '\0'.  No check for buffer overrun  is  per-
       formed (see BUGS below).

       fgets()  reads  in at most one less than n characters from
       stream and stores them into the buffer pointed  to  by  s.
       Reading  stops after an EOF or a newline.  If a newline is
       read, it is stored into the  buffer.   A  '\0'  is  stored
       after the last character in the buffer.

       ungetc()  pushes  c back to stream, cast to unsigned char,
       where it is  available  for  subsequent  read  operations.
       Pushed  -  back  characters  will  be  returned in reverse
       order; only one pushback is guaranteed.

       Calls to the functions described here can  be  mixed  with
       each  other  and  with calls to other input functions from
       the stdio library for the same input stream.


RETURN VALUES

       fgetc(), getc() and getchar() return the character read as
       an  unsigned  char cast to an int or EOF on end of file or
       error.

       gets() and fgets() return s on success, and NULL on end of
       file or error.

       ungetc() returns c on success, or EOF on error.




GNU                       April 4, 1993                         1







GETS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             GETS(3)




CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C, POSIX.1


BUGS

       Because  it is impossible to tell without knowing the data
       in advance how  many  characters  gets()  will  read,  and
       because  gets() will continue to store characters past the
       end of the buffer, it is extremely dangerous to  use.   It
       has  been  used  to  break computer security.  Use fgets()
       instead.

       It is not advisable to mix calls to input  functions  from
       the stdio library with low - level calls to read() for the
       file descriptor associated  with  the  input  stream;  the
       results  will  be undefined and very probably not what you
       want.

SEE ALSO

read, write, fopen, fread, scanf, puts, fseek, ferror, 







































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RMDIR(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            RMDIR(2)




NAME

       rmdir - delete a directory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int rmdir(const char *pathname);


DESCRIPTION

       rmdir deletes a directory, which must be empty.


RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EPERM   The filesystem containing pathname does  not  sup-
               port the removal of directories.

       EFAULT  pathname  points  outside  your accessible address
               space.

       EACCES  Write access to the directory containing  pathname
               was  not  allowed for the process's effective uid,
               or one of the  directories  in  pathname  did  not
               allow search (execute) permission.

       EPERM   The  directory containing pathname has the sticky-
               bit (S_ISVTX) set and the process's effective  uid
               is  neither  the uid of the file to be deleted nor
               that of the directory containing it.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               pathname was too long.

       ENOENT  A directory component in pathname does  not  exist
               or is a dangling symbolic link.

       ENOTDIR pathname,  or  a  component used as a directory in
               pathname, is not, in fact, a directory.

       ENOTEMPTY
               pathname contains entries other than . and .. .

       EBUSY   pathname is the current working directory or  root
               directory of some process.

       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       EROFS   pathname  refers to a file on a read-only filesys-
               tem.

       ELOOP   pathname contains a reference to a  circular  sym-
               bolic  link,  ie  a  symbolic  link  containing  a




Linux 0.99.7               24 July 1993                         1







RMDIR(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            RMDIR(2)



               reference to itself.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, BSD 4.3


BUGS

       Infelicities in the protocol underlying NFS can cause  the
       unexpected  disappearance  of  directories which are still
       being used.

SEE ALSO

rename, mkdir, chdir, unlink, 















































Linux 0.99.7               24 July 1993                         2

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SINH(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             SINH(3)




NAME

       sinh - hyperbolic sine function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double sinh(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  sinh()  function  returns  the  hyperbolic sine of x,
       which is defined mathematically as exp(x) - exp(-x) / 2.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

acosh, asinh, atanh, cosh, tanh, 









































                          June 13, 1993                         1

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MEMCMP(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           MEMCMP(3)




NAME

       memcmp - compare memory areas


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The  memcmp()  function  compares the first n bytes of the
       memory areas s1 and s2.  It returns an integer less  than,
       equal  to,  or  greater  than zero if s1 is found, respec-
       tively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than  s2.


RETURN VALUE

       The  memcmp() function returns an integer less than, equal
       to, or greater than zero if the first n  bytes  of  s1  is
       found,  respectively,  to  be  less  than, to match, or be
       greater than the first n bytes of s2.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

bcmp, strcasecmp, strcmp, strcoll, strncmp, strncasecmp, 
































                          April 10, 1993                        1

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SIN(3)              Linux Programmer's Manual              SIN(3)




NAME

       sin - sine function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double sin(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The sin() function returns the sine of x, where x is given
       in radians.


RETURN VALUE

       The sin() function returns a value between -1 and 1.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

acos, asin, atan, atan2, cos, tan, 






































                           June 8, 1993                         1

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SLEEP(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SLEEP(3)




NAME

       sleep - Sleep for the specified number of seconds


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       unsigned int sleep(unsigned int seconds);


DESCRIPTION

       sleep() makes the current process sleep until seconds sec-
       onds have  elapsed  or  a  signal  arrives  which  is  not
       ignored.


RETURN VALUE

       Zero  if  the requested time has elapsed, or the number of
       seconds left to sleep.


CONFORMS TO

       POSIX.1


BUGS

       sleep() may be implemented using SIGALRM; mixing calls  to
       alarm() and sleep() is a bad idea.

       Using  longjmp()  from  a  signal handler or modifying the
       handling of SIGALRM while sleeping  will  cause  undefined
       results.

SEE ALSO

signal, alarm, 





























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SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)




NAME

       scanf,  fscanf,  sscanf,  vscanf, vsscanf, vfscanf - input
       format conversion


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>
       int scanf( const char *format, ...);
       int fscanf( FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
       int sscanf( const char *str, const char *format, ...);

       #include <stdarg.h>
       int vscanf( const char *format, va_list ap);
       int vsscanf( const char *str, const char *format, va_list ap);
       int vfscanf( FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);


DESCRIPTION

       The scanf family of functions scans input according  to  a
       format  as  described below.  This format may contain con-
       version specifiers; the results from such conversions,  if
       any,  are stored through the pointer arguments.  The scanf
       function reads input from the standard input stream stdin,
       fscanf  reads  input  from  the stream pointer stream, and
       sscanf reads its input from the character  string  pointed
       to by str.

       The vfscanf function is analogous to vfprintf(3) and reads
       input from the stream  pointer  stream  using  a  variable
       argument  list  of  pointers  (see  stdarg(3).  The vscanf
       function scans a variable argument list from the  standard
       input  and  the  vsscanf  function scans it from a string;
       these are analogous to the vprintf and vsprintf  functions
       respectively.

       Each  successive pointer argument must correspond properly
       with each successive conversion specifier (but  see  `sup-
       pression' below).  All conversions are introduced by the %
       (percent sign) character.  The format string may also con-
       tain other characters.  White space (such as blanks, tabs,
       or newlines) in the format  string  match  any  amount  of
       white  space,  including  none,  in the input.  Everything
       else matches only itself.  Scanning stops  when  an  input
       character  does  not match such a format character.  Scan-
       ning also stops when an input conversion  cannot  be  made
       (see below).


CONVERSIONS

       Following  the  % character introducing a conversion there
       may be a number of flag characters, as follows:

       *      Suppresses assignment.  The conversion that follows
              occurs as usual, but no pointer is used; the result
              of the conversion is simply discarded.

       h      Indicates that the conversion will be one of  dioux




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       1







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



              or  n  and the next pointer is a pointer to a short
              int (rather than int).

       l      Indicates either that the conversion will be one of
              dioux  or  n and the next pointer is a pointer to a
              long int (rather than int), or that the  conversion
              will  be  one  of  efg  and  the  next pointer is a
              pointer to double (rather than float).

       L      Indicates that the conversion will be efg  and  the
              next  pointer  is  a pointer to long double.  (This
              type is not implemented; the L  flag  is  currently
              ignored--this may not be true for Linux.)

       In addition to these flags, there may be an optional maxi-
       mum field width, expressed as a decimal  integer,  between
       the % and the conversion.  If no width is given, a default
       of `infinity' is used (with one exception, below);  other-
       wise  at most this many characters are scanned in process-
       ing the conversion.  Before conversion begins,  most  con-
       versions skip white space; this white space is not counted
       against the field width.

       The following conversions are available:

       %      Matches a literal `%'.  That is, `%%' in the format
              string  matches  a  single input `%' character.  No
              conversion is done, and assignment does not  occur.

       d      Matches  an  optionally signed decimal integer; the
              next pointer must be a pointer to int.

       D      Equivalent to ld; this exists  only  for  backwards
              compatibility.

       i      Matches  an  optionally  signed  integer;  the next
              pointer must be a pointer to int.  The  integer  is
              read  in base 16 if it begins with `0x' or `0X', in
              base 8 if it begins with `0', and in base 10 other-
              wise.   Only characters that correspond to the base
              are used.

       o      Matches an octal integer; the next pointer must  be
              a pointer to unsigned int.

       O      Equivalent to lo; this exists for backwards compat-
              ibility.

       u      Matches an optionally signed decimal  integer;  the
              next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.

       x      Matches an optionally a signed hexadecimal integer;
              the next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.





BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       2







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



       X      Equivalent   to   lx;   this   violates   the  ANSI
              C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'') but is backwards  compati-
              ble  with  previous UNIX systems--I don't know what
              Linux does with this.

       f      Matches an optionally signed floating-point number;
              the next pointer must be a pointer to float.

       e      Equivalent to f.

       g      Equivalent to f.

       E      Equivalent   to   lf;   this   violates   the  ANSI
              C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'') but is backwards  compati-
              ble  with  previous UNIX systems--I don't know what
              Linux does with this.

       F      Equivalent to lf; this exists  only  for  backwards
              compatibility.

       s      Matches  a  sequence of non-white-space characters;
              the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and the
              array  must  be  large  enough  to  accept  all the
              sequence and the terminating  NUL  character.   The
              input string stops at white space or at the maximum
              field width, whichever occurs first.

       c      Matches  a  sequence  of  width  count   characters
              (default  1); the next pointer must be a pointer to
              char, and there must be enough  room  for  all  the
              characters  (no  terminating  NUL  is  added).  The
              usual skip of leading white  space  is  suppressed.
              To skip white space first, use an explicit space in
              the format.

       [      Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from  the
              specified  set  of  accepted  characters;  the next
              pointer must be a pointer to char, and  there  must
              be  enough  room  for  all  the  characters  in the
              string, plus  a  terminating  NUL  character.   The
              usual  skip  of  leading white space is suppressed.
              The string is to be made up of  characters  in  (or
              not in) a particular set; the set is defined by the
              characters between the open bracket [ character and
              a  close  bracket  ]  character.   The set excludes
              those characters if the first character  after  the
              open bracket is a circumflex ^.  To include a close
              bracket in the set, make  it  the  first  character
              after the open bracket or the circumflex; any other
              position will end the set.  The hyphen character  -
              is  also  special;  when  placed  between two other
              characters, it adds all intervening  characters  to
              the  set.   To  include  a hyphen, make it the last
              character before  the  final  close  bracket.   For




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       3







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



              instance,  `[^]0-9-]'  means  the  set  `everything
              except  close  bracket,  zero  through  nine,   and
              hyphen'.   The string ends with the appearance of a
              character not in the (or, with  a  circumflex,  in)
              set or when the field width runs out.

       p      Matches  a  pointer  value  (as  printed by `%p' in
              printf(3); the next pointer must be  a  pointer  to
              void.

       n      Nothing is expected; instead, the number of charac-
              ters consumed thus far from  the  input  is  stored
              through  the  next pointer, which must be a pointer
              to int.  This is not a conversion, although it  can
              be suppressed with the * flag.

       For  backwards  compatibility, other conversion characters
       (except `\0') are taken as if they were `%d' or, if upper-
       case, `%ld', and a `conversion' of `%\0' causes an immedi-
       ate return of EOF.   The  F  and  X  conversions  will  be
       changed in the future to conform to the
        ANSI  C  standard,  after  which  they  will act like and
       respectively.  The behavior of Linux on  the  non-standard
       points is not known by this documenter.



RETURN VALUES

       These functions return the number of input items assigned,
       which can be fewer than provided for, or even zero, in the
       event  of  a matching failure.  Zero indicates that, while
       there was input available, no conversions  were  assigned;
       typically  this is due to an invalid input character, such
       as an alphabetic character for  a  `%d'  conversion.   The
       value  EOF  is  returned if an input failure occurs before
       any conversion such as an end-of-file occurs. If an  error
       or end-of-file occurs after conversion has begun, the num-
       ber of conversions which were  successfully  completed  is
       returned.

SEE ALSO

strtol, strtoul, strtod, getc, printf, 



STANDARDS

       The  functions  fscanf,  scanf, and sscanf conform to ANSI
       C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').


BUGS

       Differences for Linux are not known  at  this  time.   The
       following is for the BSD version:

       The current situation with %F and %X conversions is unfor-
       tunate.

       All of the backwards compatibility formats will be removed




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       4







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



       in the future.

       Numerical  strings  are  truncated  to 512 characters; for
       example, %f and %d are implicitly %512f and %512d.






















































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MEMCPY(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           MEMCPY(3)




NAME

       memcpy - copy memory area


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The  memcpy() function copies n bytes from memory area src
       to memory area dest.  The memory areas  may  not  overlap.
       Use memmove(3) if the memory areas do overlap.


RETURN VALUE

       The memcpy() function returns a pointer to dest.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

bcopy, memccpy, memmove, strcpy, strncpy, 






































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MODF(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             MODF(3)




NAME

       modf  - extract signed integral and fractional values from
       floating-point number


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double modf(double x, double *iptr);


DESCRIPTION

       The modf() function breaks the argument x into an integral
       part  and  a  fractional  part, each of which has the same
       sign as x.  The integral part is stored in iptr.


RETURN VALUE

       The modf() function returns the fractional part of x.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

frexp, , 




































                           June 6, 1993                         1

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TELLDIR(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TELLDIR(3)




NAME

       telldir - return current location in directory stream.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <dirent.h>

       off_t telldir(DIR *dir);


DESCRIPTION

       The  telldir() function returns the current location asso-
       ciated with the directory stream dir.


RETURN VALUE

       The telldir() function returns the current location in the
       directory stream or -1 if an error occurs.


ERRORS

       EBADF  Invalid directory stream descriptor dir.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

opendir, readdir, closedir, rewinddir, seekdir, scandir, 

































                          March 31, 1993                        1

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ATAN2(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            ATAN2(3)




NAME

       atan2 - arc tangent function of two variables


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double atan2(double y, double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The atan2() function calculates the arc tangent of the two
       variables x and y.  It is similar to calculating  the  arc
       tangent  of y / x, except that the signs of both arguments
       are used to determine the quadrant of the result.


RETURN VALUE

       The atan2() function returns the result in radians,  which
       is between -PI and PI (inclusive).


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

acos, asin, atan, cos, sin, tan, 



































                           June 8, 1993                         1

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CHROOT(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           CHROOT(2)




NAME

       chroot - change root directory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int chroot(const char *path);


DESCRIPTION

       chroot  changes  the  root  directory to that specified in
       path.  This directory will be used for path name beginning
       with  /.   The root directory is inherited by all children
       of the current process.

       Only the super-user may change the root directory.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       Depending   on  the  file  system,  other  errors  can  be
       returned.  The more general errors are listed below:


       EPERM   The effective UID does not match the owner of  the
               file,  and is not zero; or the owner or group were
               specified incorrectly.

       EROFS   The named file resides on a read-only file system.

       EFAULT  path points outside your accessible address space.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               path is too long.

       ENOENT  The file does not exist.

       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       ENOTDIR A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

       EACCES  Search  permission is denied on a component of the
               path prefix.

       ELOOP   path contains a circular reference  (i.e.,  via  a
               symbolic link)

SEE ALSO

chdir, 









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TAN(3)              Linux Programmer's Manual              TAN(3)




NAME

       tan - tangent function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double tan(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  tan()  function  returns the tangent of x, where x is
       given in radians.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

acos, asin, atan, atan2, cos, sin, 









































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GETENV(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETENV(3)




NAME

       getenv - get an environment variable


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       char *getenv(const char *name);


DESCRIPTION

       The  getenv() function searches the environment list for a
       string that matches the string pointed to  by  name.   The
       strings are of the form name = value.


RETURN VALUE

       The  getenv()  function  returns a pointer to the value in
       the environment, or NULL if there is no match.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

putenv, setenv, unsetenv, 





































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FSEEK(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            FSEEK(3)




NAME

       fgetpos,  fseek,  fsetpos,  ftell,  rewind  - reposition a
       stream


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int fseek( FILE *stream, long offset, int whence);
       long ftell( FILE *stream);
       void rewind( FILE *stream);
       int fgetpos( FILE *stream, fpos_t *pos);
       int fsetpos( FILE *stream, fpos_t *pos);


DESCRIPTION

       The fseek function sets the file  position  indicator  for
       the  stream  pointed to by stream.  The new position, mea-
       sured in bytes, is obtained by adding offset bytes to  the
       position  specified  by  whence.   If  whence  is  set  to
       SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, or SEEK_END, the offset is relative to
       the  start of the file, the current position indicator, or
       end-of-file, respectively.  A successful call to the fseek
       function  clears  the end-of-file indicator for the stream
       and undoes any effects of the ungetc(3)  function  on  the
       same stream.

       The  ftell  function obtains the current value of the file
       position indicator for the stream pointed to by stream.

       The rewind function sets the file position  indicator  for
       the  stream  pointed  to by stream to the beginning of the
       file.  It is equivalent to:

              (void)fseek(stream, 0L, SEEK_SET)

       except that the error indicator for  the  stream  is  also
       cleared (see clearerr(3).

       The fgetpos and fsetpos functions are alternate interfaces
       equivalent  to  ftell  and  fseek  (with  whence  set   to
       SEEK_SET),  setting  and  storing the current value of the
       file offset into or from the object referenced by pos.  On
       some  non-UNIX  systems  an fpos_t object may be a complex
       object and these routines may be the only way to  portably
       reposition a text stream.


RETURN VALUES

       The  rewind  function  returns  no value.  Upon successful
       completion, fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos return  0,  and  ftell
       returns the current offset.  Otherwise, -1 is returned and
       the global variable errno is set to indicate the error.


ERRORS

       EBADF  The stream specified is not a seekable stream.





BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       1







FSEEK(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            FSEEK(3)



       EINVAL The whence argument  to  fseek  was  not  SEEK_SET,
              SEEK_END, or SEEK_CUR.

       The  function  fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos, and ftell may also
       fail and set errno for any of the errors specified for the
       routines fflush(3), fstat(2), lseek(2), and malloc(3).

SEE ALSO

lseek, 



STANDARDS

       The  fgetpos,  fsetpos, fseek, ftell, and rewind functions
       conform to ANSI C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').













































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ASSERT(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           ASSERT(3)




NAME

       assert - Abort the program if assertion is false.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <assert.h>

       void assert (int expression);


DESCRIPTION

       assert()  prints  an  error message to standard output and
       terminates the program by calling abort() if expression is
       false  (i.e.,  compares equal to zero).  This only happens
       when the macro NDEBUG is undefined.


RETURN VALUE

       No value is returned.


CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C


BUGS

       assert() is implemented as  a  macro;  if  the  expression
       tested  has side - effects, program behaviour will be dif-
       ferent depending on whether NDEBUG is  defined.  This  may
       create  Heisenbugs  which go away when debugging is turned
       on.

SEE ALSO

exit, abort, 






























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SETSID(2)                  System calls                 SETSID(2)




NAME

       setsid - creates a session and sets the process group ID


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       pid_t setsid(void);


DESCRIPTION

       setsid()  creates  a new session if the calling process is
       not a process group leader.  The calling  process  is  the
       leader of the new session, the process group leader if the
       new process group, and has no controlling tty.   The  pro-
       cess  group ID of the calling process is set to the PID of
       the calling process.  The calling process will be the only
       process in this new process group and in this new session.


RETURN VALUE

       The process group ID of the calling process.


ERRORS

       On error, -1 will be returned.  The only error  which  can
       happen is EPERM.


CONFORMING TO

       POSIX

SEE ALSO

setpgid, 





























                           Aug 27, 1994                         1

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STRCAT(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STRCAT(3)




NAME

       strcat, strncat - concatenate two strings


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src);

       char *strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The  strcat()  function appends the src string to the dest
       string overwriting the `\0' character at the end of  dest,
       and  then  adds a terminating `\0' character.  The strings
       may not overlap, and the  dest  string  must  have  enough
       space for the result.

       The  strncat()  function  is similar, except that only the
       first n characters of src are appended to dest.


RETURN VALUE

       The strcat() and strncat() functions return a  pointer  to
       the resulting string dest.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

bcopy, memccpy, memcpy, strcpy, strncpy, 






























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PERROR(3)               Library functions               PERROR(3)




NAME

       perror - print a system error message


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       void perror(const char *s);


DESCRIPTION

       perror  produces  a  message on the standard error output,
       describing the last error encountered during a call  to  a
       system  or  library  function.   The  argument string s is
       printed first, then a colon and a blank, then the  message
       and  a  new-line.   To be of most use, the argument string
       should include the name of the program that  incurred  the
       error.   The error number is taken from the external vari-
       able errno, which is set when errors occur but not cleared
       when non-erroneous calls are made.


CONFORMING TO

       ANSI C, POSIX

SEE ALSO

errno, strerror, 


































                          March 16, 1995                        1

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TTYNAME(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TTYNAME(3)




NAME

       ttyname - return name of a terminal


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       char *ttyname ( int desc );


DESCRIPTION

       Returns  a  pointer to the pathname of the terminal device
       that is open on the file descriptor desc, or NULL on error
       (for example, if desc is not connected to a terminal).


CONFORMING TO

       POSIX.1

SEE ALSO

isatty, fstat, 









































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FLOOR(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            FLOOR(3)




NAME

       floor - largest integral value not greater than x


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double floor(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  floor()  function  rounds  x downwards to the nearest
       integer, returning that value as a double.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

abs, fabs, ceil, rint, 









































                           June 6, 1993                         1

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CHOWN(1L)                                               CHOWN(1L)




NAME

       chown - change the user and group ownership of files


SYNOPSIS

       chown  [-Rcfv]  [--recursive] [--changes] [--help] [--ver-
       sion] [--silent] [--quiet]  [--verbose]  [user][:.][group]
       file...


DESCRIPTION

       This  manual  page  documents  the  GNU  version of chown.
       chown changes the user  and/or  group  ownership  of  each
       given  file,  according  to its first non-option argument,
       which is interpreted as follows.  If only a user name  (or
       numeric  user ID) is given, that user is made the owner of
       each given file, and the files' group is not changed.   If
       the  user  name  is followed by a colon or dot and a group
       name (or numeric group ID), with no spaces  between  them,
       the group ownership of the files is changed as well.  If a
       colon or dot but no group name follows the user name, that
       user  is  made the owner of the files and the group of the
       files is changed to that user's login group.  If the colon
       or  dot and group are given, but the user name is omitted,
       only the group of the files  is  changed;  in  this  case,
       chown performs the same function as chgrp.

   OPTIONS
       -c, --changes
              Verbosely describe only files whose ownership actu-
              ally changes.

       -f, --silent, --quiet
              Do not print error messages about files whose  own-
              ership cannot be changed.

       -v, --verbose
              Verbosely describe ownership changes.

       -R, --recursive
              Recursively  change  ownership  of  directories and
              their contents.

       --help Print a usage message on standard output  and  exit
              successfully.

       --version
              Print  version  information on standard output then
              exit successfully.











FSF                     GNU File Utilities                      1

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SETENV(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           SETENV(3)




NAME

       setenv - change or add an environment variable


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int overwrite);

       void unsetenv(const char *name);


DESCRIPTION

       The  setenv() function adds the variable name to the envi-
       ronment with the value value, if  name  does  not  already
       exist.   If  name  does exist in the environment, then its
       value is changed to value if  overwrite  is  non-zero;  if
       overwrite  is zero, then the value of name is not changed.

       The unsetenv() function deletes the variable name from the
       environment.


RETURN VALUE

       The  setenv()  function  returns zero on success, or -1 if
       there was insufficient space in the environment.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

getenv, putenv, 






























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REMOVE(3)                      GNU                      REMOVE(3)




NAME

       remove - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int remove(const char *pathname);


DESCRIPTION

       remove  deletes  a  name from the filesystem. If that name
       was the last link to a file and no processes have the file
       open  the  file  is  deleted and the space it was using is
       made available for reuse.

       If the name was the last link to a file but any  processes
       still have the file open the file will remain in existence
       until the last file descriptor referring to it is  closed.

       If  the  name  referred  to  a  symbolic  link the link is
       removed.

       If the name referred to a socket, fifo or device the  name
       for it is removed but processes which have the object open
       may continue to use it.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EFAULT  pathname  points  outside  your accessible address
               space.

       EACCES  Write access to the directory containing  pathname
               is not allowed for the process's effective uid, or
               one of the directories in pathname did  not  allow
               search (execute) permission.

       EPERM   The  directory containing pathname has the sticky-
               bit (S_ISVTX) set and the process's effective  uid
               is  neither  the uid of the file to be deleted nor
               that of the directory containing it.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               pathname was too long.

       ENOENT  A directory component in pathname does  not  exist
               or is a dangling symbolic link.

       ENOTDIR A  component  used  as  a directory in pathname is
               not, in fact, a directory.

       EISDIR  pathname refers to a directory.





Linux                      13 July 1994                         1







REMOVE(3)                      GNU                      REMOVE(3)



       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       EROFS   pathname refers to a file on a read-only  filesys-
               tem.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3


BUGS

       In-felicities in the protocol underlying NFS can cause the
       unexpected disappearance of files which  are  still  being
       used.

SEE ALSO

unlink, rename, open, rmdir, mknod, mkfifo, link, rm, 











































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FREAD(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            FREAD(3)




NAME

       fread, fwrite - binary stream input/output


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int  fread(  void  *ptr,  size_t  size, size_t nmemb, FILE
       *stream);

       int fwrite( void *ptr, size_t  size,  size_t  nmemb,  FILE
       *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       The function fread reads nmemb elements of data, each size
       bytes long, from the stream pointed to by stream,  storing
       them at the location given by ptr.

       The  function  fwrite  writes nmemb elements of data, each
       size bytes long, to  the  stream  pointed  to  by  stream,
       obtaining them from the location given by ptr.


RETURN VALUES

       fread  and  fwrite return the number of items successfully
       read or written (i.e., not the number of characters).   If
       an error occurs, or the end-of-file is reached, the return
       value is a short item count (or zero).

       fread does not distinguish between end-of-file and  error,
       and  callers  must  use feof(3) and ferror(3) to determine
       which occurred.

SEE ALSO

feof, ferror, read, write, 



STANDARDS

       The functions fread and fwrite conform to ANSI C3.159-1989
       (``ANSI C'').





















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STRERROR(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         STRERROR(3)




NAME

       strerror - return string describing error code


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       char *strerror(int errnum);


DESCRIPTION

       The  strerror()  function  returns a string describing the
       error code passed in the argument errno.  The  string  can
       only be used until the next call to strerror().


RETURN VALUE

       The  strerror()  function returns the appropriate descrip-
       tion string, or an unknown error message if the error code
       is unknown.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

errno, perror, strsignal, 




































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EXP(3)              Linux Programmer's Manual              EXP(3)




NAME

       exp,  log, log10, pow - exponential, logarithmic and power
       functions


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double exp(double x);

       double log(double x);

       double log10(double x);

       double pow(double x, double y);


DESCRIPTION

       The exp() function returns the value of  e  (the  base  of
       natural logarithms) raised to the power of x.

       The log() function returns the natural logarithm of x.

       The log10() function returns the base-10 logarithm of x.

       The  pow()  function  returns the value of x raised to the
       power of y.


ERRORS

       The log() and log10() functions can return  the  following
       errors:

       EDOM   The argument x is negative.

       ERANGE The  argument  x  is  zero.  The log of zero is not
              defined.

       The pow() function can return the following error:

       EDOM   The argument x is negative and y is not an integral
              value.  This would result in a complex number.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

sqrt, cbrt, 














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SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)




NAME

       scanf,  fscanf,  sscanf,  vscanf, vsscanf, vfscanf - input
       format conversion


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>
       int scanf( const char *format, ...);
       int fscanf( FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
       int sscanf( const char *str, const char *format, ...);

       #include <stdarg.h>
       int vscanf( const char *format, va_list ap);
       int vsscanf( const char *str, const char *format, va_list ap);
       int vfscanf( FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);


DESCRIPTION

       The scanf family of functions scans input according  to  a
       format  as  described below.  This format may contain con-
       version specifiers; the results from such conversions,  if
       any,  are stored through the pointer arguments.  The scanf
       function reads input from the standard input stream stdin,
       fscanf  reads  input  from  the stream pointer stream, and
       sscanf reads its input from the character  string  pointed
       to by str.

       The vfscanf function is analogous to vfprintf(3) and reads
       input from the stream  pointer  stream  using  a  variable
       argument  list  of  pointers  (see  stdarg(3).  The vscanf
       function scans a variable argument list from the  standard
       input  and  the  vsscanf  function scans it from a string;
       these are analogous to the vprintf and vsprintf  functions
       respectively.

       Each  successive pointer argument must correspond properly
       with each successive conversion specifier (but  see  `sup-
       pression' below).  All conversions are introduced by the %
       (percent sign) character.  The format string may also con-
       tain other characters.  White space (such as blanks, tabs,
       or newlines) in the format  string  match  any  amount  of
       white  space,  including  none,  in the input.  Everything
       else matches only itself.  Scanning stops  when  an  input
       character  does  not match such a format character.  Scan-
       ning also stops when an input conversion  cannot  be  made
       (see below).


CONVERSIONS

       Following  the  % character introducing a conversion there
       may be a number of flag characters, as follows:

       *      Suppresses assignment.  The conversion that follows
              occurs as usual, but no pointer is used; the result
              of the conversion is simply discarded.

       h      Indicates that the conversion will be one of  dioux




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       1







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



              or  n  and the next pointer is a pointer to a short
              int (rather than int).

       l      Indicates either that the conversion will be one of
              dioux  or  n and the next pointer is a pointer to a
              long int (rather than int), or that the  conversion
              will  be  one  of  efg  and  the  next pointer is a
              pointer to double (rather than float).

       L      Indicates that the conversion will be efg  and  the
              next  pointer  is  a pointer to long double.  (This
              type is not implemented; the L  flag  is  currently
              ignored--this may not be true for Linux.)

       In addition to these flags, there may be an optional maxi-
       mum field width, expressed as a decimal  integer,  between
       the % and the conversion.  If no width is given, a default
       of `infinity' is used (with one exception, below);  other-
       wise  at most this many characters are scanned in process-
       ing the conversion.  Before conversion begins,  most  con-
       versions skip white space; this white space is not counted
       against the field width.

       The following conversions are available:

       %      Matches a literal `%'.  That is, `%%' in the format
              string  matches  a  single input `%' character.  No
              conversion is done, and assignment does not  occur.

       d      Matches  an  optionally signed decimal integer; the
              next pointer must be a pointer to int.

       D      Equivalent to ld; this exists  only  for  backwards
              compatibility.

       i      Matches  an  optionally  signed  integer;  the next
              pointer must be a pointer to int.  The  integer  is
              read  in base 16 if it begins with `0x' or `0X', in
              base 8 if it begins with `0', and in base 10 other-
              wise.   Only characters that correspond to the base
              are used.

       o      Matches an octal integer; the next pointer must  be
              a pointer to unsigned int.

       O      Equivalent to lo; this exists for backwards compat-
              ibility.

       u      Matches an optionally signed decimal  integer;  the
              next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.

       x      Matches an optionally a signed hexadecimal integer;
              the next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.





BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       2







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



       X      Equivalent   to   lx;   this   violates   the  ANSI
              C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'') but is backwards  compati-
              ble  with  previous UNIX systems--I don't know what
              Linux does with this.

       f      Matches an optionally signed floating-point number;
              the next pointer must be a pointer to float.

       e      Equivalent to f.

       g      Equivalent to f.

       E      Equivalent   to   lf;   this   violates   the  ANSI
              C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'') but is backwards  compati-
              ble  with  previous UNIX systems--I don't know what
              Linux does with this.

       F      Equivalent to lf; this exists  only  for  backwards
              compatibility.

       s      Matches  a  sequence of non-white-space characters;
              the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and the
              array  must  be  large  enough  to  accept  all the
              sequence and the terminating  NUL  character.   The
              input string stops at white space or at the maximum
              field width, whichever occurs first.

       c      Matches  a  sequence  of  width  count   characters
              (default  1); the next pointer must be a pointer to
              char, and there must be enough  room  for  all  the
              characters  (no  terminating  NUL  is  added).  The
              usual skip of leading white  space  is  suppressed.
              To skip white space first, use an explicit space in
              the format.

       [      Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from  the
              specified  set  of  accepted  characters;  the next
              pointer must be a pointer to char, and  there  must
              be  enough  room  for  all  the  characters  in the
              string, plus  a  terminating  NUL  character.   The
              usual  skip  of  leading white space is suppressed.
              The string is to be made up of  characters  in  (or
              not in) a particular set; the set is defined by the
              characters between the open bracket [ character and
              a  close  bracket  ]  character.   The set excludes
              those characters if the first character  after  the
              open bracket is a circumflex ^.  To include a close
              bracket in the set, make  it  the  first  character
              after the open bracket or the circumflex; any other
              position will end the set.  The hyphen character  -
              is  also  special;  when  placed  between two other
              characters, it adds all intervening  characters  to
              the  set.   To  include  a hyphen, make it the last
              character before  the  final  close  bracket.   For




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       3







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



              instance,  `[^]0-9-]'  means  the  set  `everything
              except  close  bracket,  zero  through  nine,   and
              hyphen'.   The string ends with the appearance of a
              character not in the (or, with  a  circumflex,  in)
              set or when the field width runs out.

       p      Matches  a  pointer  value  (as  printed by `%p' in
              printf(3); the next pointer must be  a  pointer  to
              void.

       n      Nothing is expected; instead, the number of charac-
              ters consumed thus far from  the  input  is  stored
              through  the  next pointer, which must be a pointer
              to int.  This is not a conversion, although it  can
              be suppressed with the * flag.

       For  backwards  compatibility, other conversion characters
       (except `\0') are taken as if they were `%d' or, if upper-
       case, `%ld', and a `conversion' of `%\0' causes an immedi-
       ate return of EOF.   The  F  and  X  conversions  will  be
       changed in the future to conform to the
        ANSI  C  standard,  after  which  they  will act like and
       respectively.  The behavior of Linux on  the  non-standard
       points is not known by this documenter.



RETURN VALUES

       These functions return the number of input items assigned,
       which can be fewer than provided for, or even zero, in the
       event  of  a matching failure.  Zero indicates that, while
       there was input available, no conversions  were  assigned;
       typically  this is due to an invalid input character, such
       as an alphabetic character for  a  `%d'  conversion.   The
       value  EOF  is  returned if an input failure occurs before
       any conversion such as an end-of-file occurs. If an  error
       or end-of-file occurs after conversion has begun, the num-
       ber of conversions which were  successfully  completed  is
       returned.

SEE ALSO

strtol, strtoul, strtod, getc, printf, 



STANDARDS

       The  functions  fscanf,  scanf, and sscanf conform to ANSI
       C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').


BUGS

       Differences for Linux are not known  at  this  time.   The
       following is for the BSD version:

       The current situation with %F and %X conversions is unfor-
       tunate.

       All of the backwards compatibility formats will be removed




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       4







SCANF(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            SCANF(3)



       in the future.

       Numerical  strings  are  truncated  to 512 characters; for
       example, %f and %d are implicitly %512f and %512d.






















































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SETREGID(2)         Linux Programmer's Manual         SETREGID(2)




NAME

       setregid, setegid - set real and / or effective group ID


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int setregid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid);
       int setegid(gid_t egid);


DESCRIPTION

       setregid sets real and effective group ID's of the current
       process.  Un-privileged users may change the real group ID
       to the effective group ID and vice-versa.

       Prior  to  Linux  1.1.38, the saved ID paradigm, when used
       with setregid or setegid was broken.  Starting at  1.1.38,
       it is also possible to set the effective group ID from the
       saved user ID.

       Only the super-user may make other changes.

       Supplying a value of -1 for either the real  or  effective
       group ID forces the system to leave that ID unchanged.

       Currently   (libc-4.x.x),  setegid(egid)  is  functionally
       equivalent to setregid(-1, egid).

       If the real group ID is changed or the effective group  ID
       is set to a value not equal to the previous real group ID,
       the saved group ID will be set to the new effective  group
       ID.


RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EPERM   The current process  is  not  the  super-user  and
               changes  other  than  (i)  swapping  the effective
               group ID with the real group ID  or  (ii)  setting
               one to the value of the other or (iii) setting the
               effective group ID to the value of the saved group
               ID was specified.


HISTORY

       The setregid function call appeared in BSD 4.2.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

getgid, setgid, 







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MEMSET(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           MEMSET(3)




NAME

       memset - fill memory with a constant byte


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The  memset() function fills the first n bytes of the mem-
       ory area pointed to be s with the constant byte c.


RETURN VALUE

       The memset() function returns a pointer to the memory area
       s.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

bzero, swab, 






































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RAND(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             RAND(3)




NAME

       rand, srand - random number generator.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int rand(void);

       void srand(unsigned int seed);


DESCRIPTION

       The   rand()  function  returns  a  pseudo-random  integer
       between 0 and RAND_MAX.

       The srand() function sets its argument as the seed  for  a
       new  sequence  of pseudo-random integers to be returned by
       rand().  These sequences are repeatable by calling srand()
       with the same seed value.

       If no seed value is provided, the rand() function is auto-
       matically seeded with a value of 1.


RETURN VALUE

       The  rand()  function  returns  a  value  between  0   and
       RAND_MAX.  The srand() returns no value.


NOTES

       The  versions of rand() and srand() in the Linux C Library
       use the same random number generator as random() and sran-
       dom(),  so the lower-order bits should be as random as the
       higher-order bits.  However, on older  rand()  implementa-
       tions,  the lower-order bits are much less random than the
       higher-order bits.

       In Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing
       (William  H.  Press, Brian P. Flannery, Saul A. Teukolsky,
       William T.  Vetterling;  New  York:  Cambridge  University
       Press,  1990 (1st ed, p. 207)), the following comments are
       made:
              "If you want to generate a random integer between 1
              and 10, you should always do it by

                     j=1+(int) (10.0*rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0));

              and never by anything resembling

                     j=1+((int) (1000000.0*rand()) % 10);

              (which uses lower-order bits)."

       Random-number  generation is a complex topic.  The Numeri-
       cal Recipes in C book (see reference  above)  provides  an
       excellent discussion of practical random-number generation
       issues in Chapter 7 (Random Numbers).




GNU                        18 May 1995                          1







RAND(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             RAND(3)



       For a more theoretical discussion which also  covers  many
       practical  issues  in  depth, please see Chapter 3 (Random
       Numbers) in Donald E. Knuth's The Art of Computer Program-
       ming,  volume 2 (Seminumerical Algorithms), 2nd ed.; Read-
       ing,  Massachusetts:  Addison-Wesley  Publishing  Company,
       1981.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

random, srandom, initstate, setstate, 















































GNU                        18 May 1995                          2

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SQRT(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             SQRT(3)




NAME

       sqrt - square root function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double sqrt(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  sqrt()  function returns the non-negative square root
       of x.  It fails and sets errno to EDOM, if x is  negative.


ERRORS

       EDOM   x is negative.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

hypot, 






































                          June 21, 1993                         1

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SETREUID(2)         Linux Programmer's Manual         SETREUID(2)




NAME

       setreuid, seteuid - set real and / or effective user ID


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int setreuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid);
       int seteuid(uid_t euid);


DESCRIPTION

       setreuid  sets real and effective user ID's of the current
       process.  Un-privileged users may change the real user  ID
       to the effective user ID and vice-versa.

       Prior  to  Linux  1.1.37, the saved ID paradigm, when used
       with setreuid or seteuid was broken.

       Starting at 1.1.37, it is also possible to set the  effec-
       tive user ID from the saved user ID.

       Only the super-user may make other changes.

       Supplying  a  value of -1 for either the real or effective
       user ID forces the system to leave that ID unchanged.

       Currently  (libc-4.x.x),  seteuid(euid)  is   functionally
       equivalent to setreuid(-1, euid).

       If the real user ID is changed or the effective user ID is
       set to a value not equal to the previous real user ID, the
       saved user ID will be set to the new effective user ID.


RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EPERM   The current process  is  not  the  super-user  and
               changes other than (i) swapping the effective user
               ID with the real user ID or (ii)  setting  one  to
               the value of the other or (iii) setting the effec-
               tive user ID to the value of the saved user ID was
               specified.


HISTORY

       The setreuid function call appeared in BSD 4.2.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

getuid, setuid, 







Linux 1.1.38             2nd August 1994                        1

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LSEEK(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            LSEEK(2)




NAME

       lseek - reposition read/write file offset


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       off_t lseek(int fildes, off_t offset, int whence);


DESCRIPTION

       The  lseek  function  repositions  the  offset of the file
       descriptor fildes to the argument offset according to  the
       directive  whence.   The  argument  fildes must be an open
       file  descriptor.   Lseek  repositions  the  file  pointer
       fildes as follows:

              If  whence is SEEK_SET, the offset is set to offset
              bytes.

              If whence is SEEK_CUR, the offset  is  set  to  its
              current location plus offset bytes.

              If  whence  is  SEEK_END,  the offset is set to the
              size of the file plus offset bytes.

       The lseek function allows the file offset to be set beyond
       the  end  of the existing end-of-file of the file. If data
       is later written at this point, subsequent  reads  of  the
       data in the gap return bytes of zeros (until data is actu-
       ally written into the gap).

       Some devices are incapable of seeking.  The value  of  the
       pointer associated with such a device is undefined.


RETURN VALUES

       Upon  successful  completion,  lseek returns the resulting
       offset location as measured in bytes from the beginning of
       the  file.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and errno
       is set to indicate the error.


ERRORS

       EBADF  Fildes is not an open file descriptor.

       ESPIPE Fildes is associated with a pipe, socket, or  FIFO.

       EINVAL Whence is not a proper value.


CONFORMS TO

       POSIX, BSD 4.3


BUGS

       This  document's  use  of whence is incorrect English, but
       maintained for historical reasons.






Linux 1.2.9                10 June 1995                         1







LSEEK(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            LSEEK(2)

SEE ALSO

dup, open, fseek, 

























































Linux 1.2.9                10 June 1995                         2

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GETS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             GETS(3)




NAME

       fgetc, fgets, getc, getchar, gets, ungetc - input of char-
       acters and strings


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int fgetc(FILE *stream);
       char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);
       int getc(FILE *stream);
       int getchar(void);
       char *gets(char *s);
       int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       fgetc() reads the next character from stream  and  returns
       it  as  an  unsigned char cast to an int, or EOF on end of
       file or error.

       getc() is equivalent to fgetc()  except  that  it  may  be
       implemented  as  a  macro which evaluates stream more than
       once.

       getchar() is equivalent to getc(stdin).

       gets() reads a line from stdin into the buffer pointed  to
       by  s  until either a terminating newline or EOF, which it
       replaces with '\0'.  No check for buffer overrun  is  per-
       formed (see BUGS below).

       fgets()  reads  in at most one less than n characters from
       stream and stores them into the buffer pointed  to  by  s.
       Reading  stops after an EOF or a newline.  If a newline is
       read, it is stored into the  buffer.   A  '\0'  is  stored
       after the last character in the buffer.

       ungetc()  pushes  c back to stream, cast to unsigned char,
       where it is  available  for  subsequent  read  operations.
       Pushed  -  back  characters  will  be  returned in reverse
       order; only one pushback is guaranteed.

       Calls to the functions described here can  be  mixed  with
       each  other  and  with calls to other input functions from
       the stdio library for the same input stream.


RETURN VALUES

       fgetc(), getc() and getchar() return the character read as
       an  unsigned  char cast to an int or EOF on end of file or
       error.

       gets() and fgets() return s on success, and NULL on end of
       file or error.

       ungetc() returns c on success, or EOF on error.




GNU                       April 4, 1993                         1







GETS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             GETS(3)




CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C, POSIX.1


BUGS

       Because  it is impossible to tell without knowing the data
       in advance how  many  characters  gets()  will  read,  and
       because  gets() will continue to store characters past the
       end of the buffer, it is extremely dangerous to  use.   It
       has  been  used  to  break computer security.  Use fgets()
       instead.

       It is not advisable to mix calls to input  functions  from
       the stdio library with low - level calls to read() for the
       file descriptor associated  with  the  input  stream;  the
       results  will  be undefined and very probably not what you
       want.

SEE ALSO

read, write, fopen, fread, scanf, puts, fseek, ferror, 







































GNU                       April 4, 1993                         2

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CTIME(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            CTIME(3)




NAME

       asctime,  ctime,  gmtime,  localtime,  mktime  - transform
       binary date and time to ASCII


SYNOPSIS

       #include <time.h>

       char *asctime(const struct tm *timeptr);

       char *ctime(const time_t *timep);

       struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *timep);

       struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timep);

       time_t mktime(struct tm *timeptr);

       extern char *tzname[2];
       long int timezone;
       extern int daylight;


DESCRIPTION

       The ctime(), gmtime() and localtime() functions  all  take
       an  argument of data type time_t which represents calendar
       time.  When interpreted as an absolute time value, it rep-
       resents  the  number  of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 on
       January 1, 1970, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

       The asctime() and mktime() functions both take an argument
       representing  broken-down time which is a binary represen-
       tation separated into year, month, day, etc.   Broken-down
       time  is  stored  in  the structure tm which is defined in
       <time.h> as follows:

              struct tm
              {
                      int     tm_sec;         /* seconds */
                      int     tm_min;         /* minutes */
                      int     tm_hour;        /* hours */
                      int     tm_mday;        /* day of the month */
                      int     tm_mon;         /* month */
                      int     tm_year;        /* year */
                      int     tm_wday;        /* day of the week */
                      int     tm_yday;        /* day in the year */
                      int     tm_isdst;       /* daylight saving time */
              };

       The members of the tm structure are:

       tm_sec The number of seconds after the minute, normally in
              the range 0 to 59, but can be up to 61 to allow for
              leap seconds.

       tm_min The number of minutes after the hour, in the  range




BSD                       June 30, 1993                         1







CTIME(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            CTIME(3)



              0 to 59.

       tm_hour
              The  number  of hours past midnight, in the range 0
              to 23.

       tm_mday
              The day of the month, in the range 1 to 31.

       tm_mon The number of months since January, in the range  0
              to 11.

       tm_year
              The number of years since 1900.

       tm_wday
              The  number of days since Sunday, in the range 0 to
              6.

       tm_yday
              The number of days since January 1, in the range  0
              to 365.

       tm_isdst
              A  flag that indicates whether daylight saving time
              is in effect at the time described.  The  value  is
              positive if daylight saving time is in effect, zero
              if it is not, and negative if  the  information  is
              not available.

       The ctime() function converts the calendar time timep into
       a string of the form

              "Wed Jun 30 21:49:08 1993\n"

       The abbreviations for the days  of  the  week  are  `Sun',
       `Mon',  `Tue', `Wed', `Thu', `Fri', and `Sat'.  The abbre-
       viations for the months are `Jan',  `Feb',  `Mar',  `Apr',
       `May',  `Jun',  `Jul',  `Aug',  `Sep',  `Oct',  `Nov', and
       `Dec'.  The return value points to a statically  allocated
       string  which  might be overwritten by subsequent calls to
       any of the date and time  functions.   The  function  also
       sets  the  external variable tzname with information about
       the current time zone.

       The gmtime() function converts the calendar time timep  to
       broken-down  time representation, expressed in Coordinated
       Universal Time (UTC).

       The localtime() function converts the calendar time  timep
       to  broken-time  representation, expressed relative to the
       user's specified  time  zone.     The  function  sets  the
       external  variables tzname with information about the cur-
       rent time  zone,  timezone  with  the  difference  between




BSD                       June 30, 1993                         2







CTIME(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            CTIME(3)



       Coordinated  Universal  Time (UTC) and local standard time
       in seconds, and daylight to a non-zero value  if  standard
       US daylight savings time rules apply.

       The asctime() function converts the broken-down time value
       timeptr into a string with the  same  format  as  ctime().
       The  return  value points to a statically allocated string
       which might be overwritten by subsequent calls to  any  of
       the date and time functions.

       The  mktime()  function converts a broken-down time struc-
       ture  to  calendar  time  representation.   The   function
       ignores  the  specified  contents of the structure members
       tm_wday and tm_yday and recomputes  them  from  the  other
       information  in  the  broken-down time structure.  Calling
       mktime() also  sets  the  external  variable  tzname  with
       information about the current time zone.  If the specified
       broken-down time cannot be represented as  calendar  time,
       mktime()  returns  a  value  of  (time_t)(-1) and does not
       alter the tm_wday and tm_yday members of  the  broken-down
       time structure.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

date, gettimeofday, time, tzset, difftime, strftime, 































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PAUSE(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            PAUSE(2)




NAME

       pause - wait for signal


SYNOPSIS

       #include<unistd.h>

       int pause(void);


DESCRIPTION

       pause  causes  the  process  to  sleep  until  a signal is
       received.


RETURN VALUE

       pause always returns -1, and errno is set  to  ERESTARTNO-
       HAND.


ERRORS

       EINTR   signal was received.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

kill, select, signal, 



































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CLOCK(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            CLOCK(3)




NAME

       clock - Determine processor time


SYNOPSIS

       #include <time.h>

       clock_t clock(void);


DESCRIPTION

       The clock() function returns an approximation of processor
       time used by the program.


RETURN VALUE

       The value returned is the  CPU  time  used  so  far  as  a
       clock_t;  to  get  the  number  of seconds used, divide by
       CLOCKS_PER_SEC.


CONFORMS TO

       ANSI C


BUGS

       The C standard allows for arbitrary values at the start of
       the   program;  take  the  difference  between  the  value
       returned from a call to clock() at the start of  the  pro-
       gram and the end to get maximum portability.

       The times() function call returns more information.

SEE ALSO

times, 





























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ACCESS(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           ACCESS(2)




NAME

       access - check user's permissions for a file


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int access(const char *pathname, int mode);


DESCRIPTION

       access  checks  whether  the  process  would be allowed to
       read, write or test for existence of the  file  (or  other
       file system object) whose name is pathname.

       mode  is  a  mask consisting of one or more of R_OK, W_OK,
       X_OK and F_OK.

       R_OK, W_OK and X_OK request testing for  reading,  writing
       and  executing  the  file,  respectively.   F_OK  requests
       checking whether merely testing for the existence  of  the
       file  would be allowed (this depends on the permissions of
       the directories in the path to the file, as given in path-
       name.)

       The  check  is  done  with the process's real uid and gid,
       rather than with the effective ids as is done  when  actu-
       ally  attempting  an  operation.  This is to allow set-UID
       programs to easily determine the invoking  user's  author-
       ity.

       Only  access  bits  are checked, not the file type or con-
       tents.   Therefore,  if  a  directory  is  found   to   be
       "writable," it probably means that files can be created in
       the directory, and not that the directory can  be  written
       as a file.  Similarly, a DOS file may be found to be "exe-
       cutable," but the execve(2) call will still fail.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EACCES  The  requested  access  would be denied, either to
               the file itself or one of the directories in path-
               name.

       EFAULT  pathname  points  outside  your accessible address
               space.

       EINVAL  mode was incorrectly specified.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               pathname is too long.

       ENOENT  A directory component in pathname would have  been




Linux 1.1.46              21 August 1994                        1







ACCESS(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           ACCESS(2)



               accessible  but  does  not exist or was a dangling
               symbolic link.

       ENOTDIR A component used as a  directory  in  pathname  is
               not, in fact, a directory.

       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       ELOOP   pathname  contains  a reference to a circular sym-
               bolic link, i.e., a  symbolic  link  containing  a
               reference to itself.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

stat, open, chmod, chown, setuid, 









































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COSH(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             COSH(3)




NAME

       cosh - hyperbolic cosine function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double cosh(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  cosh()  function  returns the hyperbolic cosine of x,
       which is defined mathematically as exp(x) + exp(-x) / 2.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

acosh, asinh, atanh, sinh, tanh, 









































                          June 13, 1993                         1

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GETPW(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            GETPW(3)




NAME

       getpw - Re-construct password line entry


SYNOPSIS

       #include <pwd.h>
       #include <sys/types.h>

       int getpw(uid_t uid, char *buf);


DESCRIPTION

       The getpw() function re-constructs the password line entry
       for the given  user  uid  uid  in  the  buffer  buf.   The
       returned buffer contains a line of format

              name:passwd:uid:gid:gecos:dir:shell

       The passwd structure is defined in <pwd.h> as follows:

              struct passwd {
                      char    *pw_name;       /* user name */
                      char    *pw_passwd;     /* user password */
                      uid_t   pw_uid;         /* user id */
                      gid_t   pw_gid;         /* group id */
                      char    *pw_gecos;      /* real name */
                      char    *pw_dir;        /* home directory */
                      char    *pw_shell;      /* shell program */
              };


RETURN VALUE

       The  getpw()  function  returns  0 on success, or -1 if an
       error occurs.


ERRORS

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to allocate passwd structure.


FILES

       /etc/passwdpassword database file

SEE ALSO

fgetpwent, getpwent, setpwent, endpwent, getpwuid, putpwent, 


















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SETPGID(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SETPGID(2)




NAME

       setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp - set/get process group


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);
       pid_t getpgid(pid_t pid);
       int setpgrp(void);
       pid_t getpgrp(void);


DESCRIPTION

       setpgid sets the process group ID of the process specified
       by  pid  to  pgid.   If pid is zero, the process ID of the
       current process is used.  If pgid is zero, the process  ID
       of the process specified by pid is used.

       getpgid returns the process group ID of the process speci-
       fied by pid.  If pid is zero, the process ID of  the  cur-
       rent process is used.

       In  the  Linux  DLL  4.4.1  library,  setpgrp simply calls
       setpgid(0,0).

       getpgrp is equivalent to getpgid(0).

       Process groups are used for distribution of  signals,  and
       by  terminals  to arbitrate requests for their input: pro-
       cesses that have the same process group  as  the  terminal
       are  foreground and may read, while others will block with
       a signal if they attempt to read.

       These calls are thus used by programs such  as  csh(1)  to
       create  process  groups  in implementing job control.  The
       TIOCGPGRP and TIOCSPGRP calls described in termios(4)  are
       used to get/set the process group of the control terminal.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, setpgid and setpgrp return zero.  On error, -1
       is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

       getpgid  returns a process group on success.  On error, -1
       is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

       getpgrp always returns the current process group.


ERRORS

       EINVAL  pgid is less than 0.

       EPERM   Various permission violations.

       ESRCH   pid does not match any process.






Linux 1.2.4               15 April 1995                         1







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SEE ALSO

getuid, setsid, tcsetpgrp, termios, 

























































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ACOS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             ACOS(3)




NAME

       acos - arc cosine function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double acos(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  acos()  function calculates the arc cosine of x; that
       is the value whose cosine is x.  If x  falls  outside  the
       range -1 to 1, acos() fails and errno is set.


RETURN VALUE

       The  acos() function returns the arc cosine in radians and
       the value is mathematically defined to be between 0 and PI
       (inclusive).


ERRORS

       EDOM   x is out of range.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

asin, atan, atan2, cos, sin, tan, 
































                           June 8, 1993                         1

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ALARM(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            ALARM(2)




NAME

       alarm - set an alarm clock for delivery of a signal


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       long alarm(long seconds);


DESCRIPTION

       alarm arranges for a SIGALRM signal to be delivered to the
       process in seconds seconds.

       If seconds is zero, no new alarm is scheduled.

       In any event any previously set alarm is cancelled.


RETURN VALUE

       alarm returns the number of seconds  remaining  until  any
       previously  scheduled  alarm  was  due to be delivered, or
       zero if there was no previously scheduled alarm.


NOTES

       alarm and setitimer share the same  timer;  calls  to  one
       will interfere with use of the other.

       Scheduling delays can, as ever, cause the execution of the
       process to be delayed by an arbitrary amount of time.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

setitimer, signal, sigaction, gettimeofday, select, pause, sleep, 

























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INDEX(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            INDEX(3)




NAME

       index, rindex - locate character in string


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       char *index(const char *s, int c);

       char *rindex(const char *s, int c);


DESCRIPTION

       The index() function returns a pointer to the first occur-
       rence of the character c in the string s.

       The rindex() function returns a pointer to the last occur-
       rence of the character c in the string s.

       The  terminating NULL character is considered to be a part
       of the strings.


RETURN VALUE

       The index() and rindex() functions return a pointer to the
       matched character or NULL if the character is not found.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

memchr, strchr, strpbrk, strrchr, strsep, strspn, strstr, strtok, 





























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ABS(3)              Linux Programmer's Manual              ABS(3)




NAME

       abs - computes the absolute value of an integer.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int abs(int j);


DESCRIPTION

       The  abs()  function  computes  the  absolute value of the
       integer argument j.


RETURN VALUE

       Returns the absolute value of the integer argument.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899


NOTES

       Trying to take the absolute value  of  the  most  negative
       integer is not defined.

SEE ALSO

ceil, floor, fabs, , rint, 



































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FGETPWENT(3)        Linux Programmer's Manual        FGETPWENT(3)




NAME

       fgetpwent - get password file entry


SYNOPSIS

       #include <pwd.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <sys/types.h>

       struct passwd *fgetpwent(FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       The  fgetpwent() function returns a pointer to a structure
       containing the broken out fields of a  line  in  the  file
       stream.   The first time it is called it returns the first
       entry; thereafter, it  returns  successive  entries.   The
       file stream must have the same format as /etc/passwd.

       The passwd structure is defined in <pwd.h> as follows:

              struct passwd {
                      char    *pw_name;       /* user name */
                      char    *pw_passwd;     /* user password */
                      uid_t   pw_uid;         /* user id */
                      gid_t   pw_gid;         /* group id */
                      char    *pw_gecos;      /* real name */
                      char    *pw_dir;        /* home directory */
                      char    *pw_shell;      /* shell program */
              };


RETURN VALUE

       The  fgetpwent() function returns the passwd structure, or
       NULL if there are no more entries or an error occurs.


ERRORS

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to allocate passwd structure.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3

SEE ALSO

getpwnam, getpwuid, getpwent, setpwent, getpw, putpwent, 

















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GETUID(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETUID(2)




NAME

       getuid, geteuid - get user identity


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       uid_t getuid(void);
       uid_t geteuid(void);


DESCRIPTION

       getuid returns the real user ID of the current process.

       geteuid  returns the effective user ID of the current pro-
       cess.

       The real ID corresponds to the ID of the calling  process.
       The effective ID corresponds to the set ID bit on the file
       being executed.


ERRORS

       These functions are always successful.


CONFORMS TO

       POSIX, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

setreuid, setuid, 
































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SETGID(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           SETGID(2)




NAME

       setgid - set group identity


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int setgid(gid_t gid)


DESCRIPTION

       setgid sets the effective group ID of the current process.
       If the caller is the superuser, the real and  saved  group
       ID's are also set.

       Under   Linux,   setgid  is  implemented  like  SYSV  with
       SAVED_IDS.  This allows a setgid (other than root) program
       to  drop  all  of it's group privileges, do some un-privi-
       leged work, and  then  re-engage  the  original  effective
       group ID in a secure manner.

       If the user is root or the program is setgid root, special
       care must be taken. The setgid function checks the  effec-
       tive  gid  of  the  caller and if it is the superuser, all
       process related group ID's are set to gid.  After this has
       occurred,  it is impossible for the program to regain root
       privileges.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EPERM   The  user  is not the super-user, and gid does not
               match the effective or saved group ID of the call-
               ing process.


CONFORMING TO

       System V

SEE ALSO

getgid, setregid, setegid, 



















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CHDIR(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            CHDIR(2)




NAME

       chdir, fchdir - change working directory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int chdir(const char *path);
       int fchdir(int fd);


DESCRIPTION

       chdir  changes  the current directory to that specified in
       path.

       fchdir is identical to chdir, only that the  directory  is
       given as an open file descriptor.


RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       Depending  on  the  file  system,  other  errors  can   be
       returned.  The more general errors are listed below:


       EPERM   The  process  does  not have execute permission on
               the directory.

       EFAULT  path points outside your accessible address space.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               path is too long.

       EBADF   The fd is not a valid file descriptor.

       ENOENT  The file does not exist.

       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       ENOTDIR A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

       EACCES  Search permission is denied on a component of  the
               path prefix.

       ELOOP   path  contains  a  circular reference (i.e., via a
               symbolic link)

SEE ALSO

getcwd, chroot, 










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SETUID(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           SETUID(2)




NAME

       setuid - set user identity


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int setuid(uid_t uid)


DESCRIPTION

       setuid  sets the effective user ID of the current process.
       If the caller is the superuser, the real  and  saved  user
       ID's are also set.

       Under   Linux,   setuid  is  implemented  like  SYSV  with
       SAVED_IDS.  This allows a setuid (other than root) program
       to drop all of it's user privileges, do some un-privileged
       work, and then re-engage the original effective user ID in
       a secure manner.

       If the user is root or the program is setuid root, special
       care must be taken. The setuid function checks the  effec-
       tive  uid  of  the  caller and if it is the superuser, all
       process related user ID's are set to uid.  After this  has
       occurred,  it is impossible for the program to regain root
       privileges.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EPERM   The  user  is not the super-user, and uid does not
               match the effective or saved user ID of the  call-
               ing process.


CONFORMING TO

       System V

SEE ALSO

getuid, setreuid, seteuid, 



















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REWINDDIR(3)        Linux Programmer's Manual        REWINDDIR(3)




NAME

       rewinddir - reset directory stream


SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/types.h>

       #include <dirent.h>

       void rewinddir(DIR *dir);


DESCRIPTION

       The rewinddir() function resets the position of the direc-
       tory stream dir to the beginning of the directory.


RETURN VALUE

       The readdir() function returns no value.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

opendir, readdir, closedir, seekdir, telldir, scandir, 



































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LABS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             LABS(3)




NAME

       labs - computes the absolute value of a long integer.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       long int labs(long int j);


DESCRIPTION

       The  labs()  function  computes  the absolute value of the
       long integer argument j.


RETURN VALUE

       Returns the absolute value of the long integer argument.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899


NOTES

       Trying to take the absolute value  of  the  most  negative
       integer is not defined.

SEE ALSO

abs, ceil, floor, fabs, rint, 



































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TANH(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             TANH(3)




NAME

       tanh - hyperbolic tangent function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double tanh(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  tanh()  function returns the hyperbolic tangent of x,
       which is defined mathematically as sinh(x) / cosh(x).


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

acosh, asinh, atanh, cosh, sinh, 









































                          June 13, 1993                         1

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MBTOWC(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           MBTOWC(3)




NAME

       mbtowc  -  convert a multibyte character to a wide charac-
       ter.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int mbtowc(wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The mbtowc() function converts a  multibyte  character  s,
       which  is  no  longer  than n bytes, into a wide character
       and, if pwc is not NULL, stores the wide character in pwc.


RETURN VALUE

       mbtowc()  returns  the  number  of  bytes in the multibyte
       character or -1 if the multibyte character is not valid.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

mblen, mbstowcs, wcstombs, wctomb, 




































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WCTOMB(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           WCTOMB(3)




NAME

       wctomb  -  convert a wide character to a multibyte charac-
       ter.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int wctomb(char *s, wchar_t wchar);


DESCRIPTION

       The wctomb() function converts a wide character wchar into
       a  multibyte  character  and, if s is not NULL, stores the
       multibyte character representation in s.


RETURN VALUE

       wctomb() returns the number  of  bytes  in  the  multibyte
       character or -1 if the wide character is not valid.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, wcstombs, 




































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LDEXP(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            LDEXP(3)




NAME

       ldexp  -  multiply floating-point number by integral power
       of 2


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double ldexp(double x, int exp);


DESCRIPTION

       The ldexp() function returns the result of multiplying the
       floating-point number x by 2 raised to the power exp.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

frexp, modf, 









































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STAT(2)             Linux Programmer's Manual             STAT(2)




NAME

       stat, fstat, lstat - get file status


SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/stat.h>
       #include <unistd.h>

       int stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
       int fstat(int filedes, struct stat *buf);
       int lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);


DESCRIPTION

       These  functions  return  information  about the specified
       file.  You do not need any access rights to  the  file  to
       get  this  information  but  you need search rights to all
       directories named in the path leading to the file.

       stat stats the file pointed to by file_name and  fills  in
       buf.

       lstat  is  identical  to  stat,  only  the  link itself is
       stated, not the file  that  is  obtained  by  tracing  the
       links.

       fstat  is identical to stat, only the open file pointed to
       by filedes (as returned by fopen(3) ) is stated  in  place
       of file_name.


       They  all  return  a  stat structure, which is declared as
       follows:

              struct stat
              {
                  dev_t         st_dev;      /* device */
                  ino_t         st_ino;      /* inode */
                  umode_t       st_mode;     /* protection */
                  nlink_t       st_nlink;    /* number of hard links */
                  uid_t         st_uid;      /* user ID of owner */
                  gid_t         st_gid;      /* group ID of owner */
                  dev_t         st_rdev;     /* device type (if inode device) */
                  off_t         st_size;     /* total size, in bytes */
                  unsigned long st_blksize;  /* blocksize for filesystem I/O */
                  unsigned long st_blocks;   /* number of blocks allocated */
                  time_t        st_atime;    /* time of last access */
                  time_t        st_mtime;    /* time of last modification */
                  time_t        st_ctime;    /* time of last change */
              };

       Note that st_blocks may not always be in terms  of  blocks
       of  size  st_blksize, and that st_blksize may instead pro-
       vide a notion of the "preferred" blocksize  for  efficient
       file system I/O.





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STAT(2)             Linux Programmer's Manual             STAT(2)



       Not all of the Linux filesystems implement all of the time
       fields.  Traditionally, st_atime is changed  by  mknod(2),
       utime(2), read(2), write(2), and truncate(2).

       Traditionally,  st_mtime is changed by mknod(2), utime(2),
       and write(2).  The st_mtime is not changed for changes  in
       owner, group, hard link count, or mode.

       Traditionally,  st_ctime  is changed by writing or by set-
       ting inode information (i.e., owner,  group,  link  count,
       mode, etc.).

       The following macros are defined to check the file type:

              S_ISLNK(m)  is it a symbolic link

              S_ISREG(m)  regular file

              S_ISDIR(m)  directory

              S_ISCHR(m)  character device

              S_ISBLK(m)  block device

              S_ISFIFO(m) fifo

              S_ISSOCK(m) socket

       The following flags are defined for the st_mode field:

              S_IFMT   00170000  bitmask  for  the file type bit-
                       fields

              S_IFSOCK 0140000 socket

              S_IFLNK  0120000 symbolic link

              S_IFREG  0100000 regular file

              S_IFBLK  0060000 block device

              S_IFDIR  0040000 directory

              S_IFCHR  0020000 character device

              S_IFIFO  0010000 fifo

              S_ISUID  0004000 set UID bit

              S_ISGID  0002000 set GID bit

              S_ISVTX  0001000 sticky bit

              S_IRWXU  00700 user (file owner)  has  read,  write




Linux 1.1.75              1 January 1995                        2







STAT(2)             Linux Programmer's Manual             STAT(2)



                       and execute permission

              S_IRUSR (S_IREAD)
                       00400 user has read permission

              S_IWUSR (S_IWRITE)
                       00200 user has write permission

              S_IXUSR (S_IEXEC)
                       00100 user has execute permission

              S_IRWXG  00070  group  has  read, write and execute
                       permission

              S_IRGRP  00040 group has read permission

              S_IWGRP  00020 group has write permission

              S_IXGRP  00010 group has execute permission

              S_IRWXO  00007 others have read, write and  execute
                       permission

              S_IROTH  00004 others have read permission

              S_IWOTH  00002 others have write permisson

              S_IXOTH  00001 others have execute permission


RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EBADF   filedes is bad.

       ENOENT  File does not exist.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID  (not  lstat()),  AT&T  (not  lstat()),  POSIX   (not
       lstat()), X/OPEN (not lstat()), BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

chmod, chown, readlink, utime, 















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UNLINK(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           UNLINK(2)




NAME

       unlink - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int unlink(const char *pathname);


DESCRIPTION

       unlink  deletes  a  name from the filesystem. If that name
       was the last link to a file and no processes have the file
       open  the  file  is  deleted and the space it was using is
       made available for reuse.

       If the name was the last link to a file but any  processes
       still have the file open the file will remain in existence
       until the last file descriptor referring to it is  closed.

       If  the  name  referred  to  a  symbolic  link the link is
       removed.

       If the name referred to a socket, fifo or device the  name
       for it is removed but processes which have the object open
       may continue to use it.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EFAULT  pathname  points  outside  your accessible address
               space.

       EACCES  Write access to the directory containing  pathname
               is not allowed for the process's effective uid, or
               one of the directories in pathname did  not  allow
               search (execute) permission.

       EPERM   The  directory containing pathname has the sticky-
               bit (S_ISVTX) set and the process's effective  uid
               is  neither  the uid of the file to be deleted nor
               that of the directory containing it.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               pathname was too long.

       ENOENT  A directory component in pathname does  not  exist
               or is a dangling symbolic link.

       ENOTDIR A  component  used  as  a directory in pathname is
               not, in fact, a directory.

       EISDIR  pathname refers to a directory.





Linux                      24 July 1993                         1







UNLINK(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           UNLINK(2)



       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       EROFS   pathname refers to a file on a read-only  filesys-
               tem.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3


BUGS

       Infelicities  in the protocol underlying NFS can cause the
       unexpected disappearance of files which  are  still  being
       used.

SEE ALSO

link, rename, open, rmdir, mknod, remove, rm, 











































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CTERMID(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          CTERMID(3)




NAME

       ctermid - get controlling terminal name


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       char *ctermid(char *s);


DESCRIPTION

       ctermid()  returns  a string which is the pathname for the
       current controlling terminal for this process.   If  s  is
       NULL,  a  static  buffer  is used, otherwise s points to a
       buffer used to hold the terminal pathname.   The  symbolic
       constant  L_ctermid is the maximum number of characters in
       the returned pathname.


RETURN VALUE

       The pointer to the pathname.


CONFORMS TO

       POSIX.1


BUGS

       The path returned may not uniquely identify  the  control-
       ling terminal; it may, for example, be /dev/tty.

       It  is not assured that the program can open the terminal.

SEE ALSO

ttyname, 





























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ISATTY(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           ISATTY(3)




NAME

       isatty - does this descriptor refer to a terminal


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int isatty ( int desc );


DESCRIPTION

       returns  1  if  desc  is an open descriptor connected to a
       terminal and 0 else.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3

SEE ALSO

fstat, ttyname, 










































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STRLEN(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STRLEN(3)




NAME

       strlen - calculate the length of a string


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       size_t strlen(const char *s);


DESCRIPTION

       The  strlen() function calculates the length of the string
       s, not including the terminating `\0' character.


RETURN VALUE

       The strlen() function returns the number of characters  in
       s.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

string, 





































                          April 12, 1993                        1

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CLOSE(2)            Linux Programmer's Manual            CLOSE(2)




NAME

       close - close a file descriptor


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int close(int fd);


DESCRIPTION

       close  closes  a  file  descriptor,  so  that it no longer
       refers to any file and may be reused.

       If fd is the last copy of a particular file descriptor the
       resources  associated  with  it are freed; for example any
       locks held are removed and if the descriptor was the  last
       reference  to  a  file which has been removed using unlink
       the file is deleted.


RETURN VALUE

       close returns zero on success, or -1 if an error occurred.


ERRORS

       EBADF  fd isn't a valid open file descriptor.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3


NOTES

       Not  checking  the  return  value of close is a common but
       nevertheless  serious  programming  error.   File   system
       implementations  which  use techniques as ``write-behind''
       to increase performance may lead to  write(2)  succeeding,
       although  the  data  has  not been written yet.  The error
       status may be reported at a later write operation, but  it
       is  guaranteed  to  be  reported on closing the file.  Not
       checking the return value when closing the file  may  lead
       to  silent  loss of data.  This can especially be observed
       with NFS and disk quotas.

SEE ALSO

open, fcntl, shutdown, unlink, 

















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FREXP(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            FREXP(3)




NAME

       frexp  -  convert  floating-point number to fractional and
       integral components


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double frexp(double x, int *exp);


DESCRIPTION

       The frexp() function is used to split the number x into  a
       normalized  fraction  and  an  exponent which is stored in
       exp.


RETURN VALUE

       The frexp() function returns the normalized fraction.   If
       the  argument  x is not zero, the normalized fraction is x
       times a power of two, and  is  always  in  the  range  1/2
       (inclusive) to 1 (exclusive).  If x is zero, then the nor-
       malized fraction is zero and zero is stored in exp.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

, modf, 

































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WCSTOMBS(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         WCSTOMBS(3)




NAME

       wcstombs  - convert a wide character string to a multibyte
       character string.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       size_t wcstombs(char *s, const wchar_t *pwcs, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The wcstombs() function converts a sequence of wide  char-
       acters  from  the  array pwcs into a sequence of multibyte
       characters and stores up to n bytes of  multibyte  charac-
       ters in the array s.


RETURN VALUE

       wcstombs()  returns  the number of bytes stored in s or -1
       if s contains an invalid wide character.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

mblen, mbtowc, mbstowcs, wctomb, 



































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PRINTF(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           PRINTF(3)




NAME

       printf,  fprintf,  sprintf,  vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf -
       formatted output conversion


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int printf( const char *format, ...);
       int fprintf( FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
       int sprintf( char *str, const char *format, ...);

       #include <stdarg.h>

       int vprintf( const char *format, va_list ap);
       int vfprintf( FILE *stream, const  char  *format,  va_list
       ap);
       int vsprintf( char *str, char *format, va_list ap);


DESCRIPTION

       The  printf  family of functions produces output according
       to a format as described below.  Printf and vprintf  write
       output  to stdout, the standard output stream; fprintf and
       vfprintf write output to the given output stream; sprintf,
       and  vsprintf  write  to  the character string str.  These
       functions write the output under the control of  a  format
       string  that  specifies how subsequent arguments (or argu-
       ments accessed via the variable-length argument facilities
       of  stdarg(3)  are  converted for output.  These functions
       return the number of characters printed (not including the
       trailing `\0' used to end output to strings).

       The  format string is composed of zero or more directives:
       ordinary characters (not %), which are copied unchanged to
       the  output stream; and conversion specifications, each of
       which results in fetching zero or  more  subsequent  argu-
       ments.  Each conversion specification is introduced by the
       character  %.   The  arguments  must  correspond  properly
       (after  type  promotion)  with  the  conversion specifier.
       After the %, the following appear in sequence:

       o      Zero or more of the following flags:

              #      specifying that the  value  should  be  con-
                     verted  to an ``alternate form''.  For c, d,
                     i, n, p, s, and u conversions,  this  option
                     has  no effect.  For o conversions, the pre-
                     cision of the number is increased  to  force
                     the  first character of the output string to
                     a zero (except if a zero  value  is  printed
                     with  an explicit precision of zero).  For x
                     and X conversions, a non-zero result has the
                     string  `0x'  (or  `0X'  for  X conversions)
                     prepended to it.  For e, E, f, g, and G con-
                     versions,  the  result will always contain a




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       1







PRINTF(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           PRINTF(3)



                     decimal point, even if no digits  follow  it
                     (normally,  a  decimal  point appears in the
                     results of those conversions only if a digit
                     follows).  For g and G conversions, trailing
                     zeros are not removed  from  the  result  as
                     they would otherwise be.

              0      specifying  zero  padding.   For all conver-
                     sions  except  n,  the  converted  value  is
                     padded  on  the  left with zeros rather than
                     blanks.  If a  precision  is  given  with  a
                     numeric  conversion  (d,  i, o, u, i, x, and
                     X), the 0 flag is ignored.

              -      (a negative field width flag) indicates  the
                     converted  value  is  to be left adjusted on
                     the field boundary.  Except  for  n  conver-
                     sions,  the converted value is padded on the
                     right with blanks, rather than on  the  left
                     with  blanks or zeros.  A - overrides a 0 if
                     both are given.

                     (a space) specifying that a blank should  be
                     left  before a positive number produced by a
                     signed conversion (d, e, E, f, g, G, or  i).

              +      specifying  that  a  sign  always  be placed
                     before a number produced by a signed conver-
                     sion.   A  +  overrides  a space if both are
                     used.

       o      An optional decimal digit string specifying a mini-
              mum  field width.  If the converted value has fewer
              characters than the field width, it will be  padded
              with  spaces  on  the  left (or right, if the left-
              adjustment flag has been given)  to  fill  out  the
              field width.

       o      An  optional  precision,  in  the  form of a period
              (`.')  followed by an optional  digit  string.   If
              the digit string is omitted, the precision is taken
              as zero.  This gives the minimum number  of  digits
              to appear for d, i, o, u, x, and X conversions, the
              number of digits to appear after the  decimal-point
              for  e, E, and f conversions, the maximum number of
              significant digits for g and G conversions, or  the
              maximum  number  of characters to be printed from a
              string for s conversions.

       o      The optional character h, specifying that a follow-
              ing d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion corresponds to a
              short int or unsigned short int argument, or that a
              following  n conversion corresponds to a pointer to
              a short int argument.




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       2







PRINTF(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           PRINTF(3)



       o      The optional character l (ell)  specifying  that  a
              following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion applies to
              a pointer to a long int or unsigned long int  argu-
              ment,  or that a following n conversion corresponds
              to a pointer to a long int argument.

       o      The character L specifying that a following  e,  E,
              f,  g, or G conversion corresponds to a long double
              argument.

       o      A character that specifies the type  of  conversion
              to be applied.

       A  field  width or precision, or both, may be indicated by
       an asterisk `*' instead of a digit string.  In this  case,
       an  int argument supplies the field width or precision.  A
       negative field width is treated as a left adjustment  flag
       followed  by  a positive field width; a negative precision
       is treated as though it were missing.

       The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:

       diouxX The int (or appropriate variant) argument  is  con-
              verted  to signed decimal (d and i), unsigned octal
              (o, unsigned decimal (u, or unsigned hexadecimal (x
              and X) notation.  The letters abcdef are used for x
              conversions; the letters ABCDEF are used for X con-
              versions.  The precision, if any, gives the minimum
              number of digits that must appear; if the converted
              value  requires  fewer  digits, it is padded on the
              left with zeros.

       DOU    The long int argument is converted to signed  deci-
              mal, unsigned octal, or unsigned decimal, as if the
              format had been ld, lo, or lu respectively.   These
              conversion  characters  are  deprecated,  and  will
              eventually disappear.

       eE     The double argument is rounded and converted in the
              style  [-]d.dddedd  where there is one digit before
              the decimal-point character and the number of  dig-
              its after it is equal to the precision; if the pre-
              cision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the  preci-
              sion  is  zero, no decimal-point character appears.
              An E conversion uses the letter E (rather  than  e)
              to  introduce  the  exponent.   The exponent always
              contains at least two digits; if the value is zero,
              the exponent is 00.

       f      The  double  argument  is  rounded and converted to
              decimal notation in the style [-]ddd.ddd, where the
              number  of digits after the decimal-point character
              is equal to the precision  specification.   If  the
              precision  is  missing,  it  is  taken as 6; if the




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       3







PRINTF(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           PRINTF(3)



              precision  is  explicitly  zero,  no  decimal-point
              character  appears.  If a decimal point appears, at
              least one digit appears before it.

       g      The double argument is converted in style  f  or  e
              (or  E for G conversions).  The precision specifies
              the number of significant digits.  If the precision
              is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision is
              zero, it is treated as 1.  Style e is used  if  the
              exponent  from  its  conversion  is less than -4 or
              greater than or equal to the  precision.   Trailing
              zeros  are  removed from the fractional part of the
              result; a decimal point appears only if it is  fol-
              lowed by at least one digit.

       c      The  int argument is converted to an unsigned char,
              and the resulting character is written.

       s      The ``char *'' argument is expected to be a pointer
              to  an  array  of  character  type  (pointer  to  a
              string).  Characters from the array are written  up
              to (but not including) a terminating NUL character;
              if a precision is specified, no more than the  num-
              ber  specified  are  written.   If  a  precision is
              given, no null character need be  present;  if  the
              precision  is not specified, or is greater than the
              size of the array, the array must contain a  termi-
              nating NUL character.

       p      The  ``void *'' pointer argument is printed in hex-
              adecimal (as if by %#x or %#lx).

       n      The number of characters written so far  is  stored
              into  the  integer  indicated  by the ``int *'' (or
              variant) pointer argument.   No  argument  is  con-
              verted.

       %      A  `%'  is  written.  No argument is converted. The
              complete conversion specification is `%%'.

       In no case does a non-existent or small field width  cause
       truncation  of  a  field; if the result of a conversion is
       wider than the field width, the field is expanded to  con-
       tain the conversion result.



EXAMPLES

       To  print  a  date  and  time in the form `Sunday, July 3,
       10:02', where weekday and month are pointers to strings:
              #include <stdio.h>
              fprintf(stdout, "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\n",
                   weekday, month, day, hour, min);

       To print to five decimal places:




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       4







PRINTF(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           PRINTF(3)



              #include <math.h>
              #include <stdio.h>
              fprintf(stdout, "pi = %.5f\n", 4 * atan(1.0));

       To allocate a 128 byte string and print into it:
              #include <stdio.h>
              #include <stdlib.h>
              #include <stdarg.h>
              char *newfmt(const char *fmt, ...)
              {
                        char *p;
                        va_list ap;
                        if ((p = malloc(128)) == NULL)
                             return (NULL);
                        va_start(ap, fmt);
                        (void) vsnprintf(p, 128, fmt, ap);
                        va_end(ap);
                        return (p);
              }

SEE ALSO

printf, scanf, 



STANDARDS

       The  fprintf,  printf,  sprintf,  vprintf,  vfprintf,  and
       vsprintf  functions  conform  to  ANSI C3.159-1989 (``ANSI
       C'').


BUGS

       Some floating point conversions under Linux  cause  memory
       leaks.

       The conversion formats %D, %O, and %U are not standard and
       are provided only for backward compatibility.   These  may
       not be provided under Linux.

       The  effect of padding the %p format with zeros (either by
       the 0 flag or by specifying a precision), and  the  benign
       effect  (i.e.,  none)  of  the # flag on %n and %p conver-
       sions, as well as other nonsensical combinations  such  as
       %Ld,   are  not  standard;  such  combinations  should  be
       avoided.

       Because sprintf and vsprintf  assume  an  infinitely  long
       string, callers must be careful not to overflow the actual
       space; this is often impossible to assure.












BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       5

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STRSPN(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STRSPN(3)




NAME

       strspn, strcspn - search a string for a set of characters


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       size_t strspn(const char *s, const char *accept);

       size_t strcspn(const char *s, const char *reject);


DESCRIPTION

       The strspn() function calculates the length of the initial
       segment of s which  consists  entirely  of  characters  in
       accept.

       The  strcspn()  function calculates the length of the ini-
       tial segment of s which consists  entirely  of  characters
       not in reject.


RETURN VALUE

       The  strspn() function returns the number of characters in
       the initial segment of s which consist only of  characters
       from accept.

       The strcspn() function returns the number of characters in
       the initial segment of s  which  are  not  in  the  string
       reject.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


index, 
memchr, 
rindex, 
strchr, 
strpbrk, 
strsep, 
strstr, 
strtok, 
























                          April 12, 1993                        1


















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OPENDIR(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          OPENDIR(3)




NAME

       opendir - open a directory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/types.h>

       #include <dirent.h>

       DIR *opendir(const char *name);


DESCRIPTION

       The  opendir()  function  opens  a directory stream corre-
       sponding to the directory name, and returns a  pointer  to
       the  directory  stream.   The  stream is positioned at the
       first entry in the directory.


RETURN VALUE

       The opendir() function returns a pointer to the  directory
       stream or NULL if an error occurred.


ERRORS

       EACESS Permission denied.

       EMFILE Too many file descriptors in use by process.

       ENFILE Too many files are currently open in the system.

       ENOENT Directory  does  not  exist,  or  name  is an empty
              string.

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to complete the operation.

       ENOTDIR
              name is not a directory.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


open, 
readdir, 
closedir, 
rewinddir, 
seekdir, 
telldir, 
scandir, 

















                           11 June 1995                         1


















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STRCASECMP(3)       Linux Programmer's Manual       STRCASECMP(3)




NAME

       strcasecmp,  strncasecmp  -  compare  two strings ignoring
       case


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       int strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);

       int strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The strcasecmp() function compares the two strings s1  and
       s2,  ignoring  the  case of the characters.  It returns an
       integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is
       found,  respectively,  to  be  less  than, to match, or be
       greater than s2.

       The strncasecmp() function is similar, except it only com-
       pares the first n characters of s1.


RETURN VALUE

       The  strcasecmp()  and  strncasecmp()  functions return an
       integer less than, equal to, or greater than  zero  if  s1
       (or  the first n bytes thereof) is found, respectively, to
       be less than, to match, or be greater than s2.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


bcmp, 
memcmp, 
strcmp, 
strcoll, 
strncmp, 


























                          April 11, 1993                        1


















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ASIN(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             ASIN(3)




NAME

       asin - arc sine function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double asin(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  asin() function calculates the arc sine of x; that is
       the value whose sine is x.  If x falls outside  the  range
       -1 to 1, asin() fails and errno is set.


RETURN VALUE

       The  asin()  function  returns the arc sine in radians and
       the value is mathematically defined to  be  between  -PI/2
       and PI/2 (inclusive).


ERRORS

       EDOM   x is out of range.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


acos, 
atan, 
atan2, 
cos, 
sin, 
tan, 
































                           June 8, 1993                         1


















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MALLOC(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           MALLOC(3)




NAME

       calloc,  malloc, free, realloc - Allocate and free dynamic
       memory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       void *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
       void *malloc(size_t size);
       void free(void *ptr);
       void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);


DESCRIPTION

       calloc() allocates memory for an array of  nmemb  elements
       of  size bytes each and returns a pointer to the allocated
       memory.  The memory is set to zero.

       malloc() allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the
       allocated memory.  The memory is not cleared.

       free()  frees  the  memory  space pointed to by ptr, which
       must have been returned by a previous  call  to  malloc(),
       calloc()  or  realloc().   If ptr is NULL, no operation is
       performed.

       realloc() changes the size of the memory block pointed  to
       by  ptr  to size bytes.  The contents will be unchanged to
       the minimum of the old an new sizes; newly allocated  mem-
       ory  will  be  uninitialized.  If ptr is NULL, the call is
       equivalent to malloc(size); if size is equal to zero,  the
       call  is  equivalent to free(ptr).  Unless ptr is NULL, it
       must have been returned by an earlier  call  to  malloc(),
       calloc() or realloc().


RETURN VALUES

       For calloc() and malloc(), the value returned is a pointer
       to the allocated memory, which is suitably aligned for any
       kind of variable, or NULL if the request fails.

       free() returns no value.

       realloc() returns a pointer to the newly allocated memory,
       which is suitably aligned for any kind of variable and may
       be  different from ptr, or NULL if the request fails or if
       size was equal to 0.   If  realloc()  fails  the  original
       block is left untouched - it is not freed or moved.


CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C






SEE ALSO


brk, 







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READDIR(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          READDIR(2)




NAME

       readdir - read directory entry


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <linux/dirent.h>
       #include <linux/unistd.h>

       _syscall3(int, readdir, uint, fd, struct dirent *, dirp, uint, count);

       int readdir(unsigned int fd, struct dirent *dirp, unsigned int count);


DESCRIPTION

       This  is  not the function you are interested in.  Look at
       readdir(3) for the POSIX conforming C  library  interface.
       This page documents the bare kernel system call interface,
       which can change, and which is superseded by  getdents(2).

       readdir  reads  one  dirent  structure  from the directory
       pointed at by fd into the memory area pointed to by  dirp.
       The  parameter count is ignored; at most one dirent struc-
       ture is read.

       The dirent structure is declared as follows:

              struct dirent
              {
                  long d_ino;                 /* inode number */
                  off_t d_off;                /* offset to this dirent */
                  unsigned short d_reclen;    /* length of this d_name */
                  char d_name [NAME_MAX+1];   /* file name (null-terminated) */
              }

       d_ino is an inode number.  d_off is the distance from  the
       start  of  the  directory to this dirent.  d_reclen is the
       size of d_name, not counting the null terminator.   d_name
       is a null-terminated file name.



RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  1  is  returned.   On end of directory, 0 is
       returned.  On error, -1 is  returned,  and  errno  is  set
       appropriately.


ERRORS

       EBADF  Invalid file descriptor fd.

       ENOTDIR
              File descriptor does not refer to a directory.


CONFORMING TO

       This system call is Linux specific.






Linux 1.3.6                22 July 1995                         1







READDIR(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          READDIR(2)








SEE ALSO


getdents, 
readdir, 

























































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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/getgroupd.htm0000644000076400001440000000505207055335063015553 getgroups








GETGROUPS(2)        Linux Programmer's Manual        GETGROUPS(2)




NAME

       getgroups, setgroups - get/set group access list


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int getgroups(int size, gid_t list[]);


       #define __USE_BSD
       #include <grp.h>

       int setgroups(size_t size, const gid_t *list);


DESCRIPTION

       getgroups
              Up  to  size  supplemental  groups  are returned in
              list.  If size is zero, list is not  modified,  but
              the  total  number  of  supplemental groups for the
              process is returned.

       setgroups
              Sets the supplemental groups for the process.  Only
              the super-user may use this function.


RETURN VALUE

       getgroups
              On  success, the number of groups stored in list is
              returned (if size is zero, however, the  number  of
              supplemental  group IDs associated with the process
              is returned).  On error, -1 is returned, and  errno
              is set appropriately.

       setgroups
              On  success,  zero  is  returned.   On error, -1 is
              returned, and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EFAULT list has an invalid address.

       EPERM  For setgroups, the user is not the super-user.

       EINVAL For setgroups, gidsetsize is greater  than  NGROUPS
              (32 for Linux 0.99.11).


CONFORMING TO

       getgroups conforms to POSIX.1 (and is present in BSD 4.3).
       Since setgroups requires  privilege,  it  is  not  covered
       under POSIX.1.


BUGS

       The __USE_BSD flag probably shouldn't be required for set-
       groups.





Linux 0.99.11              23 July 1993                         1







GETGROUPS(2)        Linux Programmer's Manual        GETGROUPS(2)








SEE ALSO


initgroups, 

























































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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/ferror.htm0000644000076400001440000000364407055334770015063 ferror








FERROR(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           FERROR(3)




NAME

       clearerr,  feof,  ferror,  fileno - check and reset stream
       status


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       void clearerr( FILE *stream);
       int feof( FILE *stream);
       int ferror( FILE *stream);
       int fileno( FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       The function clearerr clears  the  end-of-file  and  error
       indicators for the stream pointed to by stream.

       The  function feof tests the end-of-file indicator for the
       stream pointed to by stream, returning non-zero if  it  is
       set.  The end-of-file indicator can only be cleared by the
       function clearerr.

       The function ferror tests  the  error  indicator  for  the
       stream  pointed  to by stream, returning non-zero if it is
       set.  The error indicator can only be reset by the  clear-
       err function.

       The  function  fileno  examines  the  argument  stream and
       returns its integer descriptor.


ERRORS

       These functions should not fail and do not set the  exter-
       nal variable errno.






SEE ALSO


open, 
stdio, 



STANDARDS

       The  functions  clearerr,  feof,  and  ferror  conform  to
       C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').



















BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       1



















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GETPWENT(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         GETPWENT(3)




NAME

       getpwent, setpwent, endpwent - get password file entry


SYNOPSIS

       #include <pwd.h>
       #include <sys/types.h>

       struct passwd *getpwent(void);

       void setpwent(void);

       void endpwent(void);


DESCRIPTION

       The  getpwent()  function returns a pointer to a structure
       containing  the  broken  out  fields  of   a   line   from
       /etc/passwd.   The  first time it is called it returns the
       first entry; thereafter, it returns successive entries.

       The setpwent() function rewinds the file  pointer  to  the
       beginning of the /etc/passwd file.

       The endpwent() function closes the /etc/passwd file.

       The passwd structure is defined in <pwd.h> as follows:

              struct passwd {
                      char    *pw_name;       /* user name */
                      char    *pw_passwd;     /* user password */
                      uid_t   pw_uid;         /* user id */
                      gid_t   pw_gid;         /* group id */
                      char    *pw_gecos;      /* real name */
                      char    *pw_dir;        /* home directory */
                      char    *pw_shell;      /* shell program */
              };


RETURN VALUE

       The  getpwent()  function returns the passwd structure, or
       NULL if there are no more entries or an error occurs.


ERRORS

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to allocate passwd structure.


FILES

       /etc/passwdpassword database file


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


fgetpwent, 
getpwnam, 
getpwuid, 
getpw, 







GNU                       April 9, 1993                         1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/getopt.htm0000644000076400001440000001411407055334772015062 getopt








GETOPT(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETOPT(3)




NAME

       getopt - Read command line options


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int getopt(int argc, char * const argv[],
                  const char *optstring);

       extern char *optarg;
       extern int optind, opterr, optopt;

       #include <getopt.h>

       int getopt_long(int argc, char * const argv[],
                       const char *shortopts,
                       const struct option *longopts, int longind);


DESCRIPTION

       The  getopt()  function parses the command line arguments.
       Its arguments argc and argv are  the  argument  count  and
       array  as passed to the main() function on program invoca-
       tion.  optstring is a list of available option characters.
       If  such  a  character  is followed by a colon, the option
       takes an argument, which is placed in optarg.

       The external variable optind is  the  index  of  the  next
       array  element  of argv[] to be processed; it communicates
       from one call of getopt() to the  next  which  element  to
       process.

       The getopt_long() function works like getopt() except that
       it also accepts long options, started out by  two  dashes.
       If these take values, it is either in the form --arg=value
       or --arg value.  It takes the  additional  arguments  lon-
       gopts  which is a pointer to the first element of an array
       of struct option declared in <getopt.h> as

          struct option {
              const char *name;
              int has_arg;
              int *flag;
              int val;
          };

          The meaning of the different fields are:

       name   is the name of the long option.

       has_arg
              is a boolean value which should be set  to  nonzero
              if the long option takes a value.

       flag   determines   the   return  value  if  getopt_long()




GNU                       April 25, 1993                        1







GETOPT(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETOPT(3)



              returns a value for a long option; if  it  is  non-
              zero,  zero is returned as a function value, other-
              wise val.

       val    determines the value to return if flag is zero.

       The last element of  the  array  has  to  be  filled  with
       zeroes.

       The  option_index  points  to the index of the long option
       relative to longopts.


RETURN VALUE

       The getopt() function returns the option character if  the
       option  was found successfully, ':' if there was a missing
       parameter for one of  the  options,  '?'  for  an  unknown
       option character and -1 for the end of the option list.


EXAMPLE

       The  following  example  program,  from  the  source code,
       illustrates the use of getopt_long() with most of its fea-
       tures.

       #include <stdio.h>

       int
       main (argc, argv)
            int argc;
            char **argv;
       {
         int c;
         int digit_optind = 0;

         while (1)
           {
             int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1;
             int option_index = 0;
             static struct option long_options[] =
             {
            {"add", 1, 0, 0},
            {"append", 0, 0, 0},
            {"delete", 1, 0, 0},
            {"verbose", 0, 0, 0},
            {"create", 1, 0, 'c'},
            {"file", 1, 0, 0},
            {0, 0, 0, 0}
             };

             c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abc:d:012",
                        long_options, &option_index);
             if (c == -1)
            break;

             switch (c)




GNU                       April 25, 1993                        2







GETOPT(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETOPT(3)



            {
            case 0:
              printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
              if (optarg)
                printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
              printf ("0);
              break;

            case '0':
            case '1':
            case '2':
              if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
                printf ("digits occur in two different argv-elements.0);
              digit_optind = this_option_optind;
              printf ("option %c0, c);
              break;

            case 'a':
              printf ("option a0);
              break;

            case 'b':
              printf ("option b0);
              break;

            case 'c':
              printf ("option c with value `%s'0, optarg);
              break;

            case 'd':
              printf ("option d with value `%s'0, optarg);
              break;

            case '?':
              break;

            default:
              printf ("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??0, c);
            }
           }

         if (optind < argc)
           {
             printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
             while (optind < argc)
            printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
             printf ("0);
           }

         exit (0);
       }


BUGS

       This manpage is confusing.




GNU                       April 25, 1993                        3







GETOPT(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETOPT(3)




CONFORMS TO

       getopt() :
              POSIX.1























































GNU                       April 25, 1993                        4



















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TIME(2)             Linux Programmer's Manual             TIME(2)




NAME

       time - get time in seconds


SYNOPSIS

       #include <time.h>

       time_t time(time_t *t);


DESCRIPTION

       time returns the time since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970,
       measured in seconds.

       If t is non null, the return value is also stored  in  the
       memory pointed to by t.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
       Under  BSD 4.3, this call is obsoleted by gettimeofday(2).






SEE ALSO


ctime, 
date, 
ftime, 
gettimeofday, 






































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MBLEN(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            MBLEN(3)




NAME

       mblen - determine the number of bytes in a character


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int mblen(const char *s, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The mblen() function scans the first n bytes of the string
       s and returns the number of bytes  in  a  character.   The
       mblen() function is equivalent to

              mbtowc((wchat_t *)0, s, n);

       except  that  the  shift state of the mbtowc() function is
       not affected.


RETURN VALUE

       The mblen() returns the number of bytes in a character  or
       -1 if the character is invalid or 0 if s is a NULL string.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


mbstowcs, 
mbtowc, 
wcstombs, 
wctomb, 
































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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/fputs.htm0000644000076400001440000000517707055334765014734 fputs








PUTS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             PUTS(3)




NAME

       fputc,  fputs,  putc, putchar, puts - output of characters
       and strings


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int fputc(int c, FILE *stream);
       int fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);
       int putc(int c, FILE *stream);
       int putchar(int c);
       int puts(char *s);
       int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       fputc() writes the character c, cast to an unsigned  char,
       to stream.

       fputs()  writes the string s to stream, without its trail-
       ing '\0'.

       putc() is equivalent to fputc()  except  that  it  may  be
       implemented  as  a  macro which evaluates stream more than
       once.

       putchar(c); is equivalent to putc(c,stdout).

       puts() writes the string s and a trailing newline to  std-
       out.

       Calls  to  the  functions described here can be mixed with
       each other and with calls to other output  functions  from
       the stdio library for the same output stream.


RETURN VALUES

       fputc(), putc() and putchar() return the character written
       as an unsigned char cast to an int or EOF on error.

       puts() and fputs() return a non - negative number on  suc-
       cess, or EOF on error.



CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C, POSIX.1


BUGS

       It  is not advisable to mix calls to output functions from
       the stdio library with low - level calls  to  write()  for
       the  file  descriptor  associated  with  the  same  output
       stream; the results will be undefined  and  very  probably
       not what you want.






SEE ALSO


write, 
fopen, 
fwrite, 
scanf, 
gets, 





GNU                       April 4, 1993                         1







PUTS(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             PUTS(3)



       fseek(3), ferror(3)

























































GNU                       April 4, 1993                         2



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/tmpfile.htm0000644000076400001440000000351007055335042015205 tmpfile








TMPFILE(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TMPFILE(3)




NAME

       tmpfile - create a temporary file


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       FILE *tmpfile (void);


DESCRIPTION

       The  tmpfile() function generates a unique temporary file-
       name using the path prefix P_tmpdir defined in  <stdio.h>.
       The  temporary  file  is  then opened in binary read/write
       (w+b) mode.  The file will be automatically  deleted  when
       it is closed or the program terminates.


RETURN VALUE

       The  tmpfile()  function  returns  a stream descriptor, or
       NULL if a unique  filename  cannot  be  generated  or  the
       unique file cannot be opened.


ERRORS

       EACCES Search  permission  denied  for directory in file's
              path prefix.

       EEXIST Unable to generate a unique filename.

       EMFILE Too many file descriptors in use by process.

       ENFILE Too many files open in system.

       EROFS  Read-only filesystem.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


mktemp, 
mkstemp, 
tmpnam, 
tempnam, 






















GNU                       April 3, 1993                         1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/difftime.htm0000644000076400001440000000264407055335031015341 difftime








DIFFTIME(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         DIFFTIME(3)




NAME

       difftime - calculate time difference


SYNOPSIS

       #include <time.h>

       double difftime(time_t time1, time_t time0);


DESCRIPTION

       The  difftime()  function  returns  the  number of seconds
       elapsed between time time1 and time time0.  The two  times
       are  specified in calendar time, which represents the time
       elapsed since 00:00:00 on  January  1,  1970,  Coordinated
       Universal Time (UTC).


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


date, 
gettimeofday, 
time, 
ctime, 
gmtime, 
, 






































GNU                        July 2, 1993                         1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/closedir.htm0000644000076400001440000000277007055334764015372 closedir








CLOSEDIR(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         CLOSEDIR(3)




NAME

       closedir - close a directory


SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/types.h>

       #include <dirent.h>

       int closedir(DIR *dir);


DESCRIPTION

       The  closedir() function closes the directory stream asso-
       ciated with dir.  The directory stream descriptor  dir  is
       not available after this call.


RETURN VALUE

       The  closedir()  function  returns  0  on success or -1 on
       failure.


ERRORS

       EBADF  Invalid directory stream descriptor dir.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


close, 
opendir, 
readdir, 
rewinddir, 
seekdir, 
telldir, 
scandir, 






























                           11 June 1995                         1


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/atan.htm0000644000076400001440000000253007055335007014472 atan








ATAN(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             ATAN(3)




NAME

       atan - arc tangent function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double atan(double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  atan() function calculates the arc tangent of x; that
       is the value whose tangent is x.


RETURN VALUE

       The atan() function returns the arc tangent in radians and
       the  value  is  mathematically defined to be between -PI/2
       and PI/2 (inclusive).


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


acos, 
asin, 
atan2, 
cos, 
sin, 
tan, 




































                           June 8, 1993                         1


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/fpathconf.htm0000644000076400001440000001051707055335062015524 pathconf








FPATHCONF(3)        Linux Programmer's Manual        FPATHCONF(3)




NAME

       fpathconf, pathconf - get configuration values for files


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       long fpathconf(int filedes, int name);
       long pathconf(char *path, int name);


DESCRIPTION

       fpathconf() gets a value for the configuration option name
       for the open file descriptor filedes.

       pathconf() gets a value for configuration option name  for
       the file name path.

       The  corresponding  macros  defined  in <unistd.h> minimum
       values; if an application wants to take advantage of  val-
       ues  which may change, a call to fpathconf() or pathconf()
       can be made, which may yield more liberal results.

       Setting name equal  to  one  of  the  following  constants
       returns the following configuration options:

       _PC_LINK_MAX
              returns  the  maximum  number of links to the file.
              If filedes or path refer to a directory,  then  the
              value  applies  to the whole directory.  The corre-
              sponding macro is _POSIX_LINK_MAX.

       _PC_MAX_CANON
              returns the maximum length  of  a  formatted  input
              line,  where filedes or path must refer to a termi-
              nal.  The corresponding macro is  _POSIX_MAX_CANON.

       _PC_MAX_INPUT
              returns  the maximum length of an input line, where
              filedes or path must refer to a terminal.  The cor-
              responding macro is _POSIX_MAX_INPUT.

       _PC_NAME_MAX
              returns  the  maximum  length  of a filename in the
              directory path or filedes.  the process is  allowed
              to create.  _POSIX_MAX_.

       _PC_PATH_MAX
              returns  the  maximum length of a relative pathname
              when path or filedes is the current working  direc-
              tory.   The corresponding macro is _POSIX_PATH_MAX.

       _PC_PIPE_BUF
              returns the size of the pipe buffer, where  filedes
              must refer to a pipe or FIFO and path must refer to
              a FIFO. The corresponding macro is _POSIX_PIPE_BUF.




GNU                       April 4, 1993                         1







FPATHCONF(3)        Linux Programmer's Manual        FPATHCONF(3)



       _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
              returns  nonzero  if  the  chown(2) call may not be
              used on this file.  If filedes or path refer  to  a
              directory,  then  this applies to all files in that
              directory.     The    corresponding    macro     is
              _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED.

       _PC_NO_TRUNC
              returns  nonzero if accessing filenames longer than
              _POSIX_NAME_MAX generates  an  error.   The  corre-
              sponding macro is _POSIX_NO_TRUNC.

       _PC_VDISABLE
              returns nonzero if special character processing can
              be disabled, where filedes or path must refer to  a
              terminal.


RETURN VALUE

       The  limit is returned, if one exists.  If the system does
       not have  a  limit  for  the  requested  resource,  -1  is
       returned,  and  errno is unchanged.  If there is an error,
       -1 is returned, and errno is set to reflect the nature  of
       the error.


CONFORMS TO

       POSIX.1  Files  with  name  lengths  longer than the value
       returned for name equal to _PC_NAME_MAX may exist  in  the
       given directory.

       Some  returned  values  may be huge; they are not suitable
       for allocating memory.






SEE ALSO


getconf, 
statfs, 
open, 
sysconf, 

























GNU                       April 4, 1993                         2



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/putenv.htm0000644000076400001440000000305707055334767015111 putenv








PUTENV(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           PUTENV(3)




NAME

       putenv - change or add an environment variable


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       int putenv(const char *string);


DESCRIPTION

       The  putenv()  function adds or changes the value of envi-
       ronment variables.  The argument string  is  of  the  form
       name = value.  If name does not already exist in the envi-
       ronment, then string is added to the environment.  If name
       does  exist,  then the value of name in the environment is
       changed to value.


RETURN VALUE

       The putenv() function returns zero on success, or -1 if an
       error occurs.


ERRORS

       ENOMEM Insufficient space to allocate new environment.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


getenv, 
setenv, 
unsetenv, 































GNU                       April 8, 1993                         1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/getpid.htm0000644000076400001440000000261507055335065015033 getpid








GETPID(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           GETPID(2)




NAME

       getpid, getppid - get process identification


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       pid_t getpid(void);
       pid_t getppid(void);


DESCRIPTION

       getpid  returns  the  process  ID  of the current process.
       (This is often used by routines that generate unique  tem-
       porary file names.)

       getppid  returns  the process ID of the parent of the cur-
       rent process.


CONFORMING TO

       POSIX, BSD 4.3, SVID






SEE ALSO


exec, 
fork, 
kill, 
mkstemp, 
tmpnam, 
tempnam, 
tmpfile, 




































Linux 0.99.11              23 July 1993                         1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/rename.htm0000644000076400001440000001224507055334752015030 rename








RENAME(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           RENAME(2)




NAME

       rename - change the name or location of a file


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int rename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);


DESCRIPTION

       rename  renames  a  file, moving it between directories if
       required.

       Any other hard links to the file (as created  using  link)
       are unaffected.

       If  newpath already exists it will be atomically overwrit-
       ten (subject to a few conditions - see ERRORS  below),  so
       that there is no point at which another process attempting
       to access newpath will find it missing.

       If newpath exists but the operation fails for some  reason
       or  the  system  crashes  rename  guarantees  to  leave an
       instance of newpath in place.

       However, when overwriting there will probably be a  window
       in  which both oldpath and newpath refer to the file being
       renamed.

       If oldpath refers to a symbolic link the link is  renamed;
       if  newpath  refers  to  a  symbolic link the link will be
       overwritten.


RETURN VALUE

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1  is  returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EISDIR  newpath  is  an existing directory, but oldpath is
               not a directory.

       EXDEV   oldpath and newpath are not on the  same  filesys-
               tem.

       ENOTEMPTY
               newpath is a non-empty directory.

       EBUSY   newpath  exists  and is the current working direc-
               tory or root directory of some process.

       EINVAL  An attempt was made to make a directory  a  subdi-
               rectory of itself.

       EMLINK  oldpath already has the maximum number of links to
               it, or  it  was  a  directory  and  the  directory




Linux 0.99.7               24 July 1993                         1







RENAME(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           RENAME(2)



               containing  newpath  has  the  maximum  number  of
               links.

       ENOTDIR A component used as a directory in oldpath or new-
               path is not, in fact, a directory.

       EFAULT  oldpath  or newpath points outside your accessible
               address space.

       EACCES  Write access to the directory  containing  oldpath
               or newpath is not allowed for the process's effec-
               tive uid, or one of the directories in oldpath  or
               newpath did not allow search (execute) permission,
               or oldpath was a directory and did not allow write
               permission (needed to update the ..  entry).

       EPERM   The  directory  containing  oldpath has the sticky
               bit set and the process's effective uid is neither
               the  uid of the file to be deleted nor that of the
               directory containing it, or  the  filesystem  con-
               taining  pathname does not support renaming of the
               type requested.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               oldpath or newpath was too long.

       ENOENT  A directory component in oldpath  or  newpath does
               not exist or is a dangling symbolic link.

       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       EROFS   The file is on a read-only filesystem.

       ELOOP   oldpath  or newpath contains a reference to a cir-
               cular symbolic link,  ie  a  symbolic  link  whose
               expansion contains a reference to itself.

       ENOSPC  The device containing the file has no room for the
               new directory entry.


CONFORMING TO

       POSIX, BSD 4.3, ANSI C


BUGS

       Currently (Linux 0.99pl7) most of the  filesystems  except
       Minix  will  not  allow  any overwriting renames involving
       directories. You get EEXIST if you try.

       On NFS filesystems, you can not assume that  only  because
       the  operation  failed,  the file was not renamed.  If the
       server does the rename operation  and  then  crashes,  the
       retransmitted  RPC which will be processed when the server
       is up again causes a failure.  The application is expected
       to deal with this.  See link(2) for a similar problem.




Linux 0.99.7               24 July 1993                         2







RENAME(2)           Linux Programmer's Manual           RENAME(2)








SEE ALSO


link, 
unlink, 
symlink, 

























































Linux 0.99.7               24 July 1993                         3



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/strspn.htm0000644000076400001440000000355707055335005015110 strspn








STRSPN(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STRSPN(3)




NAME

       strspn, strcspn - search a string for a set of characters


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       size_t strspn(const char *s, const char *accept);

       size_t strcspn(const char *s, const char *reject);


DESCRIPTION

       The strspn() function calculates the length of the initial
       segment of s which  consists  entirely  of  characters  in
       accept.

       The  strcspn()  function calculates the length of the ini-
       tial segment of s which consists  entirely  of  characters
       not in reject.


RETURN VALUE

       The  strspn() function returns the number of characters in
       the initial segment of s which consist only of  characters
       from accept.

       The strcspn() function returns the number of characters in
       the initial segment of s  which  are  not  in  the  string
       reject.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


index, 
memchr, 
rindex, 
strchr, 
strpbrk, 
strsep, 
strstr, 
strtok, 
























                          April 12, 1993                        1


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/mbstowcs.htm0000644000076400001440000000270507055335024015413 mbstowcs








MBSTOWCS(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         MBSTOWCS(3)




NAME

       mbstowcs  - convert a multibyte string to a wide character
       string.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t *pwcs, const char *s, size_t n);


DESCRIPTION

       The mbstowcs() function converts a sequence  of  multibyte
       characters  from the array s into a sequence of wide char-
       acters and stores up to n wide  characters  in  the  array
       pwcs.


RETURN VALUE

       mbstowcs() returns the number of wide characters stored or
       -1 if s contains an invalid multibyte character.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


mblen, 
mbtowc, 
wcstombs, 
wctomb, 



































GNU                       March 29, 1993                        1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/dup2.htm0000644000076400001440000000433307055335061014424 dup2








DUP(2)              Linux Programmer's Manual              DUP(2)




NAME

       dup, dup2 - duplicate a file descriptor


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int dup(int oldfd);
       int dup2(int oldfd, int newfd);


DESCRIPTION

       dup and dup2 create a copy of the file descriptor oldfd.

       The  old  and new descriptors may be used interchangeably.
       They share locks, file position pointers  and  flags;  for
       example,  if  the file position is modified by using lseek
       on one of the descriptors, the position  is  also  changed
       for the other.

       The  two  descriptors do not share the close-on-exec flag,
       however.

       dup uses the lowest-numbered unused descriptor for the new
       descriptor.

       dup2 makes newfd be the copy of oldfd, closing newfd first
       if necessary.


RETURN VALUE

       dup and dup2 return the new descriptor, or -1 if an  error
       occurred (in which case, errno is set appropriately).


ERRORS

       EBADF  oldfd  isn't  an  open file descriptor, or newfd is
              out of the allowed range for file descriptors.

       EMFILE The process already has the maximum number of  file
              descriptors open and tried to open a new one.


WARNING

       The  error  returned by dup2 is different to that returned
       by fcntl(...,F_DUPFD,...)  when newfd is out of range.  On
       some  systems  dup2  also  sometimes  returns  EINVAL like
       F_DUPFD.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


fcntl, 
open, 










Linux 1.1.46              21 August 1994                        1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/raise.htm0000644000076400001440000000221207055335011014642 raise








RAISE(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            RAISE(3)




NAME

       raise - send a signal.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <signal.h>

       int raise (int sig);


DESCRIPTION

       raise()  sends  a  signal  to  the current process.  It is
       equivalent to kill(getpid(),sig)


RETURN VALUE

       Zero for success, nonzero for failure.


CONFORMS TO

       ANSI - C






SEE ALSO


kill, 
signal, 
getpid, 







































GNU                       April 4, 1993                         1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/getpwnam.htm0000644000076400001440000000467407055334745015414 getpwuid








GETPWNAM(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         GETPWNAM(3)




NAME

       getpwnam, getpwuid - get password file entry


SYNOPSIS

       #include <pwd.h>
       #include <sys/types.h>

       struct passwd *getpwnam(const char * name);

       struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);


DESCRIPTION

       The  getpwnam()  function returns a pointer to a structure
       containing  the  broken  out  fields  of   a   line   from
       /etc/passwd for the entry that matches the user name name.

       The getpwuid() function returns a pointer to  a  structure
       containing   the   broken   out  fields  of  a  line  from
       /etc/passwd for the entry that matches the user uid uid.

       The passwd structure is defined in <pwd.h> as follows:

              struct passwd {
                      char    *pw_name;       /* user name */
                      char    *pw_passwd;     /* user password */
                      uid_t   pw_uid;         /* user id */
                      gid_t   pw_gid;         /* group id */
                      char    *pw_gecos;      /* real name */
                      char    *pw_dir;        /* home directory */
                      char    *pw_shell;      /* shell program */
              };


RETURN VALUE

       The getpwnam() and getpwuid() functions return the  passwd
       structure,  or  NULL if the matching entry is not found or
       an error occurs.


ERRORS

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to allocate passwd structure.


FILES

       /etc/passwdpassword database file


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


fgetpwent, 
getpwent, 
setpwent, 
endpwent, 
getpw, 
putpwent, 










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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/putpwent.htm0000644000076400001440000000401107055334747015443 putpwent








PUTPWENT(3)         Linux Programmer's Manual         PUTPWENT(3)




NAME

       putpwent - write a password file entry


SYNOPSIS

       #include <pwd.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <sys/types.h>

       int putpwent(const struct passwd *p, FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       The  putpwent()  function writes a password entry from the
       structure p in the file associated with stream.

       The passwd structure is defined in <pwd.h> as follows:

              struct passwd {
                      char    *pw_name;       /* user name */
                      char    *pw_passwd;     /* user password */
                      uid_t   pw_uid;         /* user id */
                      gid_t   pw_gid;         /* group id */
                      char    *pw_gecos;      /* real name */
                      char    *pw_dir;        /* home directory */
                      char    *pw_shell;      /* shell program */
              };


RETURN VALUE

       The putpwent() function returns 0 on success, or -1 if  an
       error occurs.


ERRORS

       EINVAL Invalid (NULL) argument given.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3






SEE ALSO


fgetpwent, 
getpwent, 
setpwent, 
endpwent, 
getpwuid, 
getpw, 




















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/tmpnam.htm0000644000076400001440000000324707055334743015057 tmpnam








TMPNAM(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           TMPNAM(3)




NAME

       tmpnam - create a name for a temporary file


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       char *tmpnam(char *s);


DESCRIPTION

       The  tmpnam()  function generates a unique temporary file-
       name using the path prefix P_tmpdir defined in  <stdio.h>.
       If the argument s is NULL, tmpnam() returns the address of
       an internal static area which holds the filename, which is
       overwritten  by subsequent calls to tmpnam().  If s is not
       NULL, the filename is returned in s.


RETURN VALUE

       The tmpnam() function returns a pointer to the unique tem-
       porary filename, or NULL if a unique name cannot be gener-
       ated.


ERRORS

       EEXIST Unable to generate a unique filename.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


mktemp, 
mkstemp, 
tempnam, 
tmpfile, 






























GNU                       April 3, 1993                         1



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/freopen.htm0000644000076400001440000001210407055335044015204 freopen








FOPEN(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            FOPEN(3)




NAME

       fopen, fdopen, freopen - stream open functions


SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       FILE *fopen( char *path, char *mode);
       FILE *fdopen( int fildes, char *mode);
       FILE *freopen( char *path, char *mode, FILE *stream);


DESCRIPTION

       The fopen function opens the file whose name is the string
       pointed to by path and associates a stream with it.

       The argument mode points to a string beginning with one of
       the  following sequences (Additional characters may follow
       these sequences.):

       r      Open text file for reading.  The  stream  is  posi-
              tioned at the beginning of the file.

       r+     Open  for reading and writing.  The stream is posi-
              tioned at the beginning of the file.

       w      Truncate file to zero length or  create  text  file
              for  writing.   The  stream  is  positioned  at the
              beginning of the file.

       w+     Open for reading and writing.  The file is  created
              if  it  does  not exist, otherwise it is truncated.
              The stream is positioned at the  beginning  of  the
              file.

       a      Open  for  writing.  The file is created if it does
              not exist.  The stream is positioned at the end  of
              the file.

       a+     Open  for reading and writing.  The file is created
              if it does not exist.  The stream is positioned  at
              the end of the file.

       The  mode  string can also include the letter ``b'' either
       as a third character or as a character between the charac-
       ters  in any of the two-character strings described above.
       This is strictly for compatibility with  ANSI  C3.159-1989
       (``ANSI  C'')  and  has  no  effect; the ``b'' is ignored.
       Linux may not behave this way.

       Any      created      files      will      have       mode
       S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH (0666), as
       modified by the process' umask value (see umask(2).

       Reads and writes may be intermixed on  read/write  streams
       in  any  order, and do not require an intermediate seek as




BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       1







FOPEN(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual            FOPEN(3)



       in previous versions of stdio.  This is  not  portable  to
       other  systems,  however,  and  may  not  work under Linux
       (someone should find out and fix  this  manpage);  ANSI  C
       requires   that  a  file  positioning  function  intervene
       between  output  and  input,  unless  an  input  operation
       encounters end-of-file.

       The  fdopen function associates a stream with the existing
       file descriptor, fildes.  The mode of the stream  must  be
       compatible with the mode of the file descriptor.

       The  freopen  function  opens  the  file whose name is the
       string pointed  to  by  path  and  associates  the  stream
       pointed  to by stream with it.  The original stream (if it
       exists) is closed.  The mode argument is used just  as  in
       the  fopen function.  The primary use of the freopen func-
       tion is to change the file associated with a standard text
       stream (stderr, stdin, or stdout).


RETURN VALUES

       Upon  successful  completion  fopen,  fdopen  and  freopen
       return a FILE pointer.  Otherwise, NULL  is  returned  and
       the global variable errno is set to indicate the error.


ERRORS

       EINVAL The  mode provided to fopen, fdopen, or freopen was
              invalid.

       The fopen, fdopen and freopen functions may also fail  and
       set  errno for any of the errors specified for the routine
       malloc(3).

       The fopen function may also fail and set errno for any  of
       the errors specified for the routine open(2).

       The fdopen function may also fail and set errno for any of
       the errors specified for the routine fcntl(2).

       The freopen function may also fail and set errno  for  any
       of   the   errors  specified  for  the  routines  open(2),
       fclose(3) and fflush(3).






SEE ALSO


open, 
fclose, 



STANDARDS

       The  fopen  and  freopen   functions   conform   to   ANSI
       C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').  The fdopen function conforms to
       IEEE Std1003.1-1988 (``POSIX'').









BSD MANPAGE              29 November 1993                       2



















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SIGACTION(2)        Linux Programmer's Manual        SIGACTION(2)




NAME

       signal - ANSI C signal handling.



SYNOPSIS

       #include <signal.h>


       void (*signal(int signum, void (*handler)(int)))(int);



DESCRIPTION

       The  signal  system call installs a new signal handler for
       signal signum.  The signal handler is set to handler which
       may be a user specified function, or one of the following:

              SIG_IGN
                     Ignore the signal.

              SIG_DFL
                     Reset the signal to its default behavior.




RETURN VALUE

       signal returns the previous value of the  signal  handler,
       or SIG_ERR on error.



NOTES

       Signal handlers cannot be set for SIGKILL or SIGSTOP.

       Unlike BSD systems, signals under Linux are reset to their
       default behavior when raised.

       If you're confused by the prototype at  the  top  of  this
       manpage, it may help to see it separated out thus:

       typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);
       sighandler_t signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler);



CONFORMING TO

       ANSI C







SEE ALSO


kill, 
kill, 
killpg, 
pause, 
raise, 
tion, 
signal, 
sigsetops, 
sigvec, 










Linux 1.0               24 September 1994                       1



















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CEIL(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             CEIL(3)




NAME

       ceil - smallest integral value not less than x


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double ceil (double x);


DESCRIPTION

       The  ceil() function rounds x upwards to the nearest inte-
       ger, returning that value as a double.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


abs, 
fabs, 
floor, 
, 
rint, 









































                           June 6, 1993                         1


















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STRSTR(3)           Linux Programmer's Manual           STRSTR(3)




NAME

       strstr - locate a substring


SYNOPSIS

       #include <string.h>

       char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);


DESCRIPTION

       The  strstr()  function  finds the first occurrence of the
       substring needle in the string haystack.  The  terminating
       `\0' characters are not compared.


RETURN VALUE

       The  strstr()  function returns a pointer to the beginning
       of the substring, or NULL if the substring is not found.






SEE ALSO


index, 
memchr, 
rindex, 
strchr, 
strpbrk, 
strsep, 
strspn, 
strtok, 







































GNU                       April 12, 1993                        1



















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TERMIOS(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TERMIOS(2)




NAME

       termios,   tcgetattr,   tcsetattr,  tcsendbreak,  tcdrain,
       tcflush, tcflow,  cfgetospeed,  cfgetispeed,  cfsetispeed,
       cfsetospeed,  tcgetpgrp,  tcsetpgrp - get and set terminal
       attributes, line control, get and set baud rate,  get  and
       set terminal foreground process group ID


SYNOPSIS

       #include <termios.h>
       #include <unistd.h>

       int tcgetattr ( int fd, struct termios *termios_p );

       int tcsetattr ( int fd, int optional_actions, struct
       termios *termios_p );

       int tcsendbreak ( int fd, int duration );

       int tcdrain ( int fd );

       int tcflush ( int fd, int queue_selector );

       int tcflow ( int fd, int action );

       speed_t cfgetospeed ( struct termios *termios_p );

       int cfsetospeed ( struct termios *termios_p, speed_t speed
       );

       speed_t cfgetispeed ( struct termios *termios_p );

       int cfsetispeed ( struct termios *termios_p, speed_t speed
       );

       pid_t tcgetpgrp ( int fd );

       int tcsetpgrp ( int fd, pid_t pgrpid );


DESCRIPTION

       The termios functions describe a general  terminal  inter-
       face  that  is provided to control asynchronous communica-
       tions ports.

       Many of the functions  described  here  have  a  termios_p
       argument  that  is a pointer to a termios structure.  This
       structure contains the following members:

              tcflag_t c_iflag;      /* input modes */
              tcflag_t c_oflag;      /* output modes */
              tcflag_t c_cflag;      /* control modes */
              tcflag_t c_lflag;      /* local modes */
              cc_t c_cc[NCCS];       /* control chars */






Linux                   February 25, 1995                       1







TERMIOS(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TERMIOS(2)



       c_iflag flag constants:

       IGNBRK ignore BREAK condition on input

       BRKINT If IGNBRK is not set, generate SIGINT on BREAK con-
              dition, else read BREAK as character \0.

       IGNPAR ignore framing errors and parity errors.

       PARMRK if  IGNPAR  is  not  set, prefix a character with a
              parity error or framing error  with  \377  \0.   If
              neither  IGNPAR nor PARMRK is set, read a character
              with a parity error or framing error as \0.

       INPCK  enable input parity checking

       ISTRIP strip off eighth bit

       INLCR  translate NL to CR on input

       IGNCR  ignore carriage return on input

       ICRNL  translate  carriage  return  to  newline  on  input
              (unless IGNCR is set)

       IUCLC  map uppercase characters to lowercase on input

       IXON   enable XON/XOFF flow control on output

       IXANY  enable any character to restart output

       IXOFF  enable XON/XOFF flow control on input

       IMAXBEL
              ring bell when input queue is full

       c_oflag flag constants:

       OPOST  enable implementation-defined output processing

       OLCUC  map lowercase characters to uppercase on output

       ONLCR  map NL to CR-NL on output

       OCRNL  map CR to NL on output

       ONOCR  don't output CR at column 0

       ONLRET don't output CR

       OFILL  send fill characters for a delay, rather than using
              a timed delay

       OFDEL  fill  character  is  ASCII  DEL.   If  unset,  fill




Linux                   February 25, 1995                       2







TERMIOS(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TERMIOS(2)



              character is ASCII NUL

       NLDLY  newline delay mask.  Values are NL0 and NL1.

       CRDLY  carriage  return  delay mask.  Values are CR0, CR1,
              CR2, or CR3.

       TABDLY horizontal tab delay mask.  Values are TAB0,  TAB1,
              TAB2,  TAB3,  or  XTABS.   A value of XTABS expands
              tabs  to  spaces  (with  tab  stops   every   eight
              columns).

       BSDLY  backspace delay mask.  Values are BS0 or BS1.

       VTDLY  vertical tab delay mask.  Values are VT0 or VT1.

       FFDLY  form feed delay mask.  Values are FF0 or FF1.

       c_cflag flag constants:

       CSIZE  character  size mask.  Values are CS5, CS6, CS7, or
              CS8.

       CSTOPB set two stop bits, rather than one.

       CREAD  enable receiver.

       PARENB enable  parity  generation  on  output  and  parity
              checking for input.

       PARODD parity for input and output is odd.

       HUPCL  lower modem control lines after last process closes
              the device (hang up).

       CLOCAL ignore modem control lines

       CIBAUD mask for input speeds (not used).

       CRTSCTS
              flow control.

       c_lflag flag constants:

       ISIG   when any of the characters  INTR,  QUIT,  SUSP,  or
              DSUSP are received, generate the corresponding sig-
              nal.

       ICANON enable canonical mode.  This  enables  the  special
              characters  EOF,  EOL,  EOL2, ERASE, KILL, REPRINT,
              STATUS, and WERASE, and buffers by lines.

       XCASE  if ICANON is also set, terminal is uppercase  only.
              Input   is   converted  to  lowercase,  except  for




Linux                   February 25, 1995                       3







TERMIOS(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TERMIOS(2)



              characters preceded by  \.   On  output,  uppercase
              characters  are preceded by \ and lowercase charac-
              ters are converted to uppercase.

       ECHO   echo input characters.

       ECHOE  if ICANON is also set, the ERASE  character  erases
              the  preceding  input  character, and WERASE erases
              the preceding word.

       ECHOK  if ICANON is also set, the  KILL  character  erases
              the current line.

       ECHONL if  ICANON  is also set, echo the NL character even
              if ECHO is not set.

       ECHOCTL
              if ECHO is also set, ASCII  control  signals  other
              than  TAB,  NL,  START,  and STOP are echoed as ^X,
              where X is  the  character  with  ASCII  code  0x10
              greater  than  the  control  signal.   For example,
              character 0x28 (BS) is echoed as ^H.

       ECHOPRT
              if ICANON and IECHO are also  set,  characters  are
              printed as they are being erased.

       ECHOKE if  ICANON  is  also set, KILL is echoed by erasing
              each character on the line, as specified  by  ECHOE
              and ECHOPRT.

       FLUSHO output  is  being flushed.  This flag is toggled by
              typing the DISCARD character.

       NOFLSH disable flushing the input and output  queues  when
              generating  the  SIGINT  and  SIGQUIT  signals, and
              flushing the input queue when generating  the  SIG-
              SUSP signal.

       TOSTOP send  the  SIGTTOU signal to the process group of a
              background process which tries to write to its con-
              trolling terminal.

       PENDIN all  characters  in  the  input queue are reprinted
              when the next character  is  read.   (bash  handles
              typeahead this way.)

       IEXTEN enable implementation-defined input processing.

       tcgetattr() gets the parameters associated with the object
       referred by fd and stores them in  the  termios  structure
       referenced  by  termios_p.   This  function may be invoked
       from  a  background   process;   however,   the   terminal
       attributes  may  be  subsequently  changed by a foreground




Linux                   February 25, 1995                       4







TERMIOS(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TERMIOS(2)



       process.

       tcsetattr() sets the parameters associated with the termi-
       nal  (unless support is required from the underlying hard-
       ware that is not available)  from  the  termios  structure
       referred to by termios_p.  optional_actions specifies when
       the changes take effect:

       TCSANOW
              the change occurs immediately.

       TCSADRAIN
              the change occurs after all output  written  to  fd
              has been transmitted.  This function should be used
              when changing parameters that affect output.

       TCSAFLUSH
              the change occurs after all output written  to  the
              object referred by fd has been transmitted, and all
              input that has been received but not read  will  be
              discarded before the change is made.

       tcsendbreak() transmits a continuous stream of zero-valued
       bits for a specific duration, if  the  terminal  is  using
       asynchronous  serial  data  transmission.   If duration is
       zero, it transmits zero-valued bits for at least 0.25 sec-
       onds,  and  not more that 0.5 seconds.  If duration is not
       zero, it sends zero-valued bits  for  duration*N  seconds,
       where N is at least 0.25, and not more than 0.5.

       If  the  terminal  is  not  using asynchronous serial data
       transmission, tcsendbreak()  returns  without  taking  any
       action.

       tcdrain()  waits  until  all  output written to the object
       referred to by fd has been transmitted.

       tcflush() discards data written to the object referred  to
       by  fd but not transmitted, or data received but not read,
       depending on the value of queue_selector:

       TCIFLUSH
              flushes data received but not read.

       TCOFLUSH
              flushes data written but not transmitted.

       TCIOFLUSH
              flushes both data received but not read,  and  data
              written but not transmitted.

       tcflow() suspends transmission or reception of data on the
       object referred to  by  fd,  depending  on  the  value  of
       action:




Linux                   February 25, 1995                       5







TERMIOS(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TERMIOS(2)



       TCOOFF suspends output.

       TCOON  restarts suspended output.

       TCIOFF transmits  a STOP character, which stops the termi-
              nal device from transmitting data to the system.

       TCION  transmits a START character, which starts the  ter-
              minal device transmitting data to the system.

       The default on open of a terminal file is that neither its
       input nor its output is suspended.

       The baud rate functions are provided for getting and  set-
       ting  the values of the input and output baud rates in the
       termios structure.  The new  values  do  not  take  effect
       until tcsetattr() is successfully called.

       Setting  the speed to B0 instructs the modem to "hang up".
       The actual bit rate corresponding to B38400 may be altered
       with setserial(8).

       The  input and output baud rates are stored in the termios
       structure.

       cfgetospeed() returns the output baud rate stored  in  the
       termios structure pointed to by termios_p.

       cfsetospeed()  sets  the  output  baud  rate stored in the
       termios structure pointed to by termios_p to speed,  which
       must be one of these constants:
            B0
            B50
            B75
            B110
            B134
            B150
            B200
            B300
            B600
            B1200
            B1800
            B2400
            B4800
            B9600
            B19200
            B38400
            B57600
            B115200
            B230400
       The  zero  baud rate, B0, is used to terminate the connec-
       tion.  If B0 is specified, the modem control  lines  shall
       no longer be asserted.  Normally, this will disconnect the
       line.  CBAUDEX is a  mask  for  the  speeds  beyond  those




Linux                   February 25, 1995                       6







TERMIOS(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual          TERMIOS(2)



       defined  in  POSIX.1  (57600  and  above).  Thus, B57600 &
       CBAUDEX is nonzero.

       cfgetispeed() returns the input baud rate  stored  in  the
       termios structure.

       cfsetispeed()  sets  the  input  baud  rate  stored in the
       termios structure to speed.  If the input baud rate is set
       to  zero,  the input baud rate will be equal to the output
       baud rate.

       tcgetpgrp() returns process group ID  of  foreground  pro-
       cessing group, or -1 on error.

       tcsetpgrp()  sets process group ID to pgrpid.  pgrpid must
       be the ID of a process group in the same session.


RETURN VALUES

       cfgetispeed() returns the input baud rate  stored  in  the
       termios structure.

       cfgetospeed()  returns  the output baud rate stored in the
       termios structure.

       tcgetpgrp() returns process group ID  of  foreground  pro-
       cessing group, or -1 on error.

       All other functions return:

       0      on success.

       -1     on failure and set errno to indicate the error.






SEE ALSO


























Linux                   February 25, 1995                       7



















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LINK(2)             Linux Programmer's Manual             LINK(2)




NAME

       link - make a new name for a file


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);


DESCRIPTION

       link  creates a new link (also known as a hard link) to an
       existing file.

       If newpath exists it will not be overwritten.

       This new name may be used exactly as the old one  for  any
       operation;  both names refer to the same file (and so have
       the same permissions and ownership) and it  is  impossible
       to tell which name was the `original'.


RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned,
       and errno is set appropriately.


ERRORS

       EXDEV   oldpath and newpath are not on the  same  filesys-
               tem.

       EPERM   The filesystem containing oldpath and newpath does
               not support the creation of hard links.

       EFAULT  oldpath or newpath points outside your  accessible
               address space.

       EACCES  Write  access  to the directory containing newpath
               is not allowed for the process's effective uid, or
               one  of  the directories in oldpath or newpath did
               not allow search (execute) permission.

       ENAMETOOLONG
               oldpath or newpath was too long.

       ENOENT  A directory component in oldpath  or  newpath does
               not exist or is a dangling symbolic link.

       ENOTDIR A component used as a directory in oldpath or new-
               path is not, in fact, a directory.

       ENOMEM  Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       EROFS   The file is on a read-only filesystem.

       EEXIST  newpath already exists.

       EMLINK  The file referred to by oldpath  already  has  the




Linux                     17 August 1994                        1







LINK(2)             Linux Programmer's Manual             LINK(2)



               maximum number of links to it.

       ELOOP   oldpath  or newpath contains a reference to a cir-
               cular symbolic link,  ie  a  symbolic  link  whose
               expansion contains a reference to itself.

       ENOSPC  The device containing the file has no room for the
               new directory entry.

       EPERM   oldpath is the .  or  ..  entry of a directory.


NOTES

       Hard links, as created by link, cannot  span  filesystems.
       Use symlink if this is required.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID, AT&T, POSIX, BSD 4.3


BUGS

       On  NFS file systems, the return code may be wrong in case
       the NFS server performs the link creation and dies  before
       it  can  say  so.  Use stat(2) to find out if the link got
       created.






SEE ALSO


symlink, 
unlink, 
rename, 
open, 
stat, 
ln, 
































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SYSCONF(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SYSCONF(3)




NAME

       sysconf - Get configuration information at runtime


SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       long sysconf(int name);


DESCRIPTION

       sysconf()  provides a way for the application to determine
       values for system limits or options at runtime.

       The equivalent macros defined in <unistd.h> can only  give
       conservative  values;  if  an  application  wants  to take
       advantage of values which may change, a call to  sysconf()
       can be made, which may yield more liberal results.

       For  getting  information  about  a  particular  file, see
       fpathconf() or pathconf().

       The following values are supported for name.   First,  the
       POSIX.1 compatible values:

       _SC_ARG_MAX
              The  maximum  length of the arguments to the exec()
              family of functions;  the  corresponding  macro  is
              ARG_MAX.

       _SC_CHILD_MAX
              The  number  of simultaneous processes per user id,
              the corresponding macro is _POSIX_CHILD_MAX.

       _SC_CLK_TCK
              The number of clock ticks per  second;  the  corre-
              sponding macro is CLK_TCK.

       _SC_STREAM_MAX
              The  maximum  number  of streams that a process can
              have open at any  time.   The  corresponding  POSIX
              macro  is  STREAM_MAX, the corresponding standard C
              macro is FOPEN_MAX.

       _SC_TZNAME_MAX
              The maximum number of bytes in a timezone name, the
              corresponding macro is TZNAME_MAX.

       _SC_OPEN_MAX
              The maximum number of files that a process can have
              open  at  any  time,  the  corresponding  macro  is
              _POSIX_OPEN_MAX.

       _SC_JOB_CONTROL
              This indicates whether POSIX - style job control is
              supported,    the    corresponding     macro     is




GNU                       April 18, 1993                        1







SYSCONF(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SYSCONF(3)



              _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL.

       _SC_SAVED_IDS
              This  indicates  whether a process has a saved set-
              user-ID and a saved set-group-ID; the corresponding
              macro is _POSIX_SAVED_IDS.

       _SC_VERSION
              indicates  the  year and month the POSIX.1 standard
              was  approved  in  the  format  YYYYMML;the   value
              199009L indicates the most recent revision, 1990.

       Next, the POSIX.2 values:

       _SC_BC_BASE_MAX
              indicates  the  maximum obase value accepted by the
              bc(1)   utility;   the   corresponding   macro   is
              BC_BASE_MAX.

       _SC_BC_DIM_MAX
              indicates  the  maximum value of elements permitted
              in an array by bc(1); the  corresponding  macro  is
              BC_DIM_MAX.

       _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX
              indicates the maximum scale value allowed by bc(1);
              the corresponding macro is BC_SCALE_MAX.

       _SC_BC_STRING_MAX
              indicates the maximum length of a  string  accepted
              by bc(1); the corresponding macro is BC_STRING_MAX.

       _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
              indicates the maximum numbers of weights  that  can
              be  assigned  to  an  entry of the LC_COLLATE order
              keyword in the locale definition file;  the  corre-
              sponding macro is COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX.

       _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX
              is  the  maximum number of expressions which can be
              nested within parentheses by expr(1).   The  corre-
              sponding macro is EXPR_NEST_MAX.

       _SC_LINE_MAX
              The  maximum  length  of  a  utility's  input  line
              length, either from standard input or from a  file.
              This  includes  length for a trailing newline.  The
              corresponding macro is LINE_MAX.

       _SC_RE_DUP_MAX
              The maximum number of  repeated  occurrences  of  a
              regular   expression  when  the  interval  notation
              \{m,n\} is used. The  value  of  the  corresponding
              macro is RE_DUP_MAX.




GNU                       April 18, 1993                        2







SYSCONF(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SYSCONF(3)



       _SC_2_VERSION
              indicates  the  version  of the POSIX.2 standard in
              the format of YYYYMML.  The corresponding macro  is
              POSIX2_VERSION.

       _SC_2_DEV
              indicates  whether  the POSIX.2 C language develop-
              ment facilities are supported.   The  corresponding
              macro is POSIX2_C_DEV.

       _SC_2_FORT_DEV
              indicates  whether  the POSIX.2 FORTRAN development
              utilities are supported.  The  corresponding  macro
              is POSIX2_FORT_RUN.

       _SC_2_FORT_RUN
              indicates whether the POSIX.2 FORTRAN runtime util-
              ities are supported.  The  corresponding  macro  is
              POSIX2_FORT_RUN.

       POSIX2_LOCALEDEF
              indicates  whether  the POSIX.2 creation of locates
              via  locale(1)  is  supported.   The  corresponding
              macro is POSIX2_LOCALEDEF.

       _SC_2_SW_DEV
              indicates  whether the POSIX.2 software development
              utilities option is supported.   The  corresponding
              macro is POSIX2_SW_DEV.


RETURN VALUE

       The  value returned is the value of the system resource, 1
       if a queried option is available, 0 if it is not, or -1 on
       error.  The variable errno is not set.


CONFORMS TO

       POSIX.1, proposed POSIX.2


BUGS

       It  is  difficult  use ARG_MAX because it is not specified
       how much of the argument space for exec() is  consumed  by
       the user's environment variables.

       Some  returned  values  may be huge; they are not suitable
       for allocating memory.

       POSIX.2 is not yet an approved standard;  the  information
       in this manpage is subject to change.






SEE ALSO


bc, 
expr, 
locale, 
fpathconf, 
pathconf, 








GNU                       April 18, 1993                        3



















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This manual page was brought to you by mjl_man V-2.0
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/fmod.htm0000644000076400001440000000251307055335016014475 fmod








FMOD(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual             FMOD(3)




NAME

       fmod - floating-point remainder function


SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double fmod(double x, double y);


DESCRIPTION

       The  modf()  function computes the remainder of dividing x
       by y.  The return value is x - n * y, where n is the  quo-
       tient of x / y, rounded towards zero to an integer.


RETURN VALUE

       The  fmod()  function  returns  the remainder, unless y is
       zero, when the function fails and errno is set.


ERRORS

       EDOM   The denominator y is zero.


CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899






SEE ALSO


drem, 

































                           June 6, 1993                         1


















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This manual page was brought to you by mjl_man V-2.0
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MAN/seekdir.htm0000644000076400001440000000271207055334762015206 seekdir








SEEKDIR(3)          Linux Programmer's Manual          SEEKDIR(3)




NAME

       seekdir  -  set the position of the next readdir() call in
       the directory stream.


SYNOPSIS

       #include <dirent.h>

       void seekdir(DIR *dir, off_t offset);


DESCRIPTION

       The seekdir() function sets the location in the  directory
       stream  from  which  the  next  readdir() call will start.
       seekdir() should  be  used  with  an  offset  returned  by
       telldir().


RETURN VALUE

       The seekdir() function returns no value.


CONFORMING TO

       BSD 4.3






SEE ALSO


lseek, 
opendir, 
readdir, 
closedir, 
dir, 
telldir, 
scandir, 


































                          March 31, 1993                        1


















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This manual page was brought to you by mjl_man V-2.0
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405227013250 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/linklists.html0000644000076400001440000000620707055334735016073 Link Lists




 
Link Lists
 









Question, how would you write a program to meet the following requirements?


    

  1. Read an unknown number of records from a file into memory. A typical
record would look like:

    	Ref  Title	  Cost
	---  -----	  ----
	1234 Oracle_Guide 22.95

    

  2. Perform a numeric sort based on the first field.

  3. Delete duplicate records based on the first field.



One method is to define an 
array of records as below:


	main()
 	{
	  char array[50][80]; /* 50 records, 80 bytes long	*/
	}



The data can then be read into the array and then actions performed 
on the data.
This is OK but has some major problems.

    

  1. The arrary will hold all the data in character format. It would be 
nice to hold the integer and decimal numbers in a more appropriate form.

  2. If you have more than 50 records the program has to be altered
and recompiled.


The first problem could be fixed by defining an 
array of structures BUT both problems 
can be solved with linked lists.







The concept of a linked list is fairly simple. It is a group of structures
linked together by pointers, here is a picture:







The "Name Age Pointer" block could be defined as below:

	struct record {char name[20]; int age; struct record *next_rec;}; 



The important bit is "struct record *next_rec" this is the pointer to the next
structure (record). It will either point to the next record which 
will require memory reserved 
with the malloc function or
NULL if  its the last record.




Examples



 Here is the first example. 
This program is more complicated than I would 
like, but its the simplest I can come up with. 






This is the same program but without the heavy commenting.






This is still the same program but it is slightly simplified with the use 
of typedef.














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Martin Leslie 




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/Master.html0000644000076400001440000000123707055334737015312 

Imbedding Perl







Imbedding Perl in C code.





















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Martin Leslie 




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/perl.html0000644000076400001440000000152207055334737015016 

Embedding Perl







Embedding Perl in C code.







This
program
shows how to imbed Perl code into a C program.
The program was inspired by reading this
man page.













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Martin Leslie 




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/numconv.html0000644000076400001440000000152107055334737015540 Number converter.






Number conversion






A Java compatible browser is required to view this page.












See Also:

strtol convert a string to a 
long, in a given number base.















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Functions










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	uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am \
	uninstall-info-recursive uninstall-recursive

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/download.html0000644000076400001440000000671107055334736015667 



Download






Download and install the HTML source.








 







Install Instructions


    


  • Request the source by clicking on the links below.
The DOS files have been split so you can get them onto floppy disks.

    

      

    • cunix.tgz - tar gzip file contains the complete source for use on Unix machines.

    • cdos1.zip - Contains most of the source for use on DOS and Windows 3.1 machines.

    • cdos2.zip - The remainder of the source for DOS and Windows 3.1 machines.

    

    

    

    

    

Unix Version. 


    

    

cunix.tgz


1.00 Kbytes


    

    

    

    

    

DOS/Windows 3.1. 


    

    

cdos1.zip


0.86 Kbytes


    

    

cdos2.zip


0.62 Kbytes


    


    

    

    


  • Create a suitable directory, like 'cref' and copy the zip or tgz files 
into it.


  • Unpack with the following commands.

    Unix

     gunzip cunix.tgz
     tar xvf cunix.tar


DOS

     pkunzip cdos1.zip
     pkunzip cdos2.zip

    

  • Recompile the Java code in 

    	C/MISC/CLASSES

    
The existing binaries are compiled for Linux. BTW the Java compiler
is called javac.







If you have install problems or find mistakes please let me know.


Windows 3.1 users, you should now be able to install this source with pkunzip.
I have provided the source with 8.3 format names but left the
links in the original (unix) form. Testing this with Netscape 3.01 for
Windows 3.1 and
Internet Explorer, it would seem that the browsers will chop the link name
down to 8.3 format and then attempt to load the resulting file.


distribution files made with the following commands.



tar cvf ../cunix.tar * --gzip
mv ../cunix.tar ../cunix.tgz


zip -k -r ../cdos1.zip * -x C/CONTRIB/\*
zip -k -r ../cdos2.zip C/CONTRIB/*













Top

Master Index

C Keywords

Functions












Martin Leslie 




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/stdfiles.html0000644000076400001440000000345307055334736015675 STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR 






STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR
 






These three file pointers are 
automatically defined when a program
executes and provide access to the keyboard and screen.




stdin


By default stdin accesses the keyboard. Functions that read 
stdin include...

The following functions can access stdin

    

  • fgets

  • fgetc

  • fscanf



stdin example program.

stdout

stdout sends data to the screen. Functions that write to stdout
include....


stderr


stderr also writes to the screen. If you are using a Unix based system
the data sent to stdout and stderr can be seperated and sent to 
different places.

Functions that could write to stderr include...


    

  • fprintf

  • fputs














Top

Master Index

C Keywords

Functions












If you wish to create file pointers to perform I/O to other devices 
you should use fopen



Martin Leslie 




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/io.html0000644000076400001440000000505607055334734014466 Input and Output 






Input and Output
 






The C language does not have any I/O capability! You can access 
files and devices via two groups of functions, these can be split
as shown below.






Low Level I/O


Low level functions provide direct access to files and devices. If you
only need file read and write you should use the 
ANSI functions as your code will remain portable.
If you want to access things like, serial ports, virtual memory and 
tape drives, low level I/O is for you.


Low level functions reference files by a 
file descriptor, this descriptor 
is created with the open function and
can be referenced by functions like:

close

read

write

mmap - Memory map (Not supported on Linux).

ioctl I/O control.


Three 'file descripters' are opened automatically when your program runs.
These are:

	File		Default
	Desc	Name	device
	----    ----	------
	0	stdin	Keyboard
	1	stdout	Screen
	2	stderr	Screen



If you want to use these 'file descriptors', you do not have to issue an 
'open'.




ANSI standard functions


These functions are defined in the 
stdio.h header.

The important thing to remember with these functions is the data 
is presented in a consistant manor across all platforms. A record
is considered to be 0 or more characters followed by a 
newline character.
If the actual (physical) record is terminated in some other way, the 
functions will perform the conversion for you.











Top

Master Index

C Keywords

Functions












Martin Leslie 




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/CLASSES/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405227014345 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/CLASSES/Numbers.class0000644000076400001440000001116007055334741016717 -T:9<;65870/42ONQPJIMLEDHGBACS

	,+.-('*)$#&% "!>=@?F
f	l
e	l
h
i
d
i
j
c
k
m
c
p
m	h
e
k
i
o
f
i	q
n
g	q
o
m	q
k%R%%R3K1whiteLineNumberTablejava/lang/Longjava/awt/TextComponentboundsAsciiStr(Ljava/awt/Font;)V4(Ljava/awt/Component;Ljava/awt/GridBagConstraints;)Vjava/lang/StringBufferjava/awt/GridBagLayout(J)Ljava/lang/String;java/awt/Container
Exceptions(II)Ljava/lang/String;(JI)Ljava/lang/String;widthsetFontPaddjava/awt/Graphics
ConstantValuesetEditable Dec Hex Oct   Binary ASCII
addgrayjava/lang/StringdrawRectpaint
SourceFile(Ljava/lang/String;II)Vjava/awt/Componentinit*(Ljava/awt/Component;)Ljava/awt/Component;	substring
appendTextLocalVariables(Ljava/lang/String;)Vappend
setBackground(Ljava/awt/LayoutManager;)Vjava/awt/GridBagConstraintsLjava/awt/Color;	setLayoutCourier 00000000000000java/awt/TextAreaheightNumbersjava/applet/ApplettoString
setForeground'(Ljava/lang/String;I)Ljava/lang/String;Code(IIII)V(Ljava/awt/Graphics;)VNumbers.java,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer;()Ljava/lang/String;(Z)Vjava/awt/Rectangle()V~}|	gridwidth{zyxwvu()Ljava/awt/Rectangle;ts()Irqponmlkjijava/awt/Colorhgfedcba`_^]\[ZYXWVUTSRQPblackONMLKJIHGFEDCBA@?>valueOf=length<;:9876543210/.-+*
java/awt/Font)('&setConstraints%$#"! (Ljava/awt/Color;)V
ed*w*y*pYoYLhYvM*+~fYa
rN:::::	7		:*t:	:*t:	:*t:	:*	t:*	:*t:-mY}	
a7		q-y-w-,d+-,*-{W 
&.3AEIMQU ["b#k$t%}&'()*+- 01267;P,*M+,ud,sdz+,ud,sdzEIJ+AD$NmY-+|d+}:OQ!RkYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSY	SY
SYSYSY
SYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSYSY SY!SY"
SY#SY$SY%SY&SY'SY(SY)SY*SY+SY,SY-SY.SY/SY0`SY1bSY2^SY3_SY4SY5SY6SY7SY8SY9SY:SY;SY<SY=SY>	SY?
SY@PSYAQSYBNSYCOSYDTSYEUSYFRSYGSSYHXSYIYSYJVSYKWSYL\SYM]SYNZSYO[SYP@SYQASYR>SYS?SYTDSYUESYVBSYWCSYXHSYYISYZFSY[GSY\LSY]MSY^JSY_KSY`0SYa1SYb.SYc/SYd4SYe5SYf2SYg3SYh8SYi9SYj6SYk7SYlX@WDXFWJXLWPXRWVXXW\X^WbXdWhXjWnXpWtXvWzY|WYWYWYWYWYWYWYWYWYWZWZWZWZWZWZWZWZWZWZW[W[W[W[W
[W[W[W[W"[$W([*W.\0W4\6W:\<W@\BWF\HWL\NWR\TWX\ZW^\`Wd\fWj]lWp]rWv]xW|]~W]W]W]W]W]W]W^W^W^W^W^W^W^W^W^W^W_W_W_W_W_W_W_W_W_W_W` W$`&W*`,W0`2W6`8W<`>WB`DWH`JWN`PWT`VWZa\W`abWfahWlanWratWxazW~aWaWaWaWbWbWbWbWbWbWbWbWbWbWcWcWcWcWcWcWcWegil*xc_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/CLASSES/Makefile.am0000644000076400001440000000017707055334742016320 EXTRA_DIST = $(wildcard *.class) $(wildcard *.java)
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/MISC/CLASSES/Numbers.java0000644000076400001440000000554107055334742016542 import java.applet.*;    
import java.awt.*; 
import java.lang.*;

public class Numbers extends Applet              
{
  public void init()
  {
    // Default settings for the frame.
    
    setBackground(Color.gray);
    setForeground(Color.white);
    setFont(new Font("Courier", Font.PLAIN, 20));

    // The way we are going to place items on the Frame.

    GridBagLayout       gb = new GridBagLayout();
    GridBagConstraints cgb = new GridBagConstraints();
    setLayout(gb);

    // Create an Item.

    TextArea Text =  new TextArea(" Dec Hex Oct   Binary ASCII\n" ,10 ,30);

    String Padding  = "    ";
    String DecStr   = " ";
    String HexStr   = " ";
    String OctStr   = " ";
    String BinStr   = " ";
    String AsciiStr = " ";
    
    for (long Count=0; Count <= 255; Count++)
    {
      DecStr   = DecStr.valueOf(Count);
      DecStr   = Padd(DecStr, 4);
      HexStr   = Long.toString(Count, 16);
      HexStr   = Padd(HexStr, 4);
      OctStr   = Long.toString(Count, 8);
      OctStr   = Padd(OctStr, 4);
      BinStr   = Long.toString(Count, 2);
      BinStr   = Padd(BinStr, 9);
      AsciiStr = AsciiStr(Count);
      AsciiStr = Padd(AsciiStr, 2);

      Text.appendText( DecStr + HexStr + OctStr + BinStr + AsciiStr + "\n");
    }

    Text.setForeground(Color.black);
    Text.setBackground(Color.white);
    Text.setEditable(false);

    // Set the constraints.

    cgb.gridwidth = 100;
    gb.setConstraints(Text, cgb);

    // And place it on the Frame.

    add(Text);

  }

  // Override paint method so it draws a rectange around the Frame

  public void paint(Graphics g) 
  {
    // Get the panels dimentions.

    Rectangle r = bounds();

    // top left, length across, length down.

    g.drawRect(0, 0, r.width-1, r.height-1);
    g.drawRect(5, 5, r.width-11, r.height-11);
  }

  public String Padd(String Str, int Size)
  {
    String Padding = " 00000000000000";

    String PaddedStr = Padding.substring(0, Size-Str.length()) + Str;
    return PaddedStr; 
  }

  public String AsciiStr(long Num)
  {
    String[] Ascii = {" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ",
    		      " "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ",
    		      " "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ",
    		      " "," "," ","!","\"","#","$","%","&","'",
    		      "(",")","*","+","'","-",".","/","0","1",
    		      "2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9",":",";",
    		      "<","=",">","?","@","A","B","C","D","E",
    		      "F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O",
    		      "P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y",
    		      "Z","[","\\","]","^","_","`","a","b","c",
    		      "d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m",
    		      "n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w",
    		      "x","y","z","{","|","}","~"
                      };
    String Ret = " ";

    if (Num < 127)
    {
      Ret = Ascii[(int) Num];
    }

    return Ret;
  }
}
                                        
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g*~pj/v\^f'V N9yfHcV}26#9[B[S3gcLGZ{gA]C+$Co9%rl:xu	fj6P;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/blueball.gif0000644000076400001440000000050607055333535014700 GIF87a14(!޿eclcGBο{{Ɓ{	KJ41sskcZZJJ,k@pH,DKD"XH\ @N9%`tBBh%yBw&("B!#%)(E$$'(E"''"CDA;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/X_EXAMPLES/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405230014214 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/X_EXAMPLES/hardware.c0000644000076400001440000000341707055335106016075 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program extracts information from the X server and displays
 *          it on the screen.
 *
 * Notes:   Use the following command to compile. 
 *
 *                      gcc hardware.c -lX11
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    26-Mar-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

/****************** Includes ********************************************/
				/* These are in /usr/X386		*/
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 

main()
{
  Display * display;
  int       screen;
  char *    display_name=NULL;
  Window    root;
  Visual*   visual;

  /* Connect to X display server.		*/
  display=XOpenDisplay(display_name);

  /* Get screen ID			*/
  screen=DefaultScreen(display);


  printf("\n\tInformation extracted from the X server\n");
  printf("\t---------------------------------------\n\n");

  printf(" X server by \'%s\'\n",        ServerVendor(display));

  printf(" X Server protocol %d\n",      ProtocolVersion(display));

  printf(" X server Release %d\n",       VendorRelease(display));

  printf(" Screen is %dmm high.\n",      DisplayHeightMM(display, screen));

  printf(" Screen is %dmm wide.\n",      DisplayWidthMM(display, screen));

  printf(" Screen is %d pixels high.\n", DisplayHeight(display, screen));

  printf(" Screen is %d pixels wide.\n", DisplayWidth(display, screen));

  visual = DefaultVisual(display,screen);
  printf(" %3d Colour map entries", visual->map_entries);
  printf(" (Number of colours on the screen at one time).\n");

  printf(" %3d Display planes (bits per screen pixel).\n", DisplayPlanes(display, screen));

  printf(" There is %d screen(s).\n", ScreenCount (display));
}c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/X_EXAMPLES/root_colour.c0000644000076400001440000001476107055335110016645 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to randomly change the root window colour on X Displays.
 *
 * Description. 
 *	    The program randomly selects a target colour and then 
 *          performs a basic interpolation to move from the current 
 *          colour to the target colour. When the target has been
 *	    reached, a new target is selected and the process is 
 *	    repeated.
 *
 * Notes:   1) No attempt is made to see if the client supports colour.
 *	    2) Other applications may cause problems if they have allocated
 *	       all the available colour cells in the colour map.
 *	    3) Use the following command to compile. 
 *
 *			gcc root_col.c -lX11
 *	    4) Tested on Linux running XFree386 and FVWM
 *	       and SunOS 4.1.3 running X11R5 and Motif.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    26-Mar-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/
/****************** Includes ********************************************/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 
#include 

/************************************************************************/

#define INC     512			/* Increments between colours.	*/
#define MAX_COL 65536			/* Max number of colours.	*/
#define SECONDS 2			/* # of seconds between updates	*/

/****************** Functions *******************************************/

void help(char * proganme);		/* Give some help on syntax.	*/

					/* Used to see if a colour gun has 
					 * reached its required intensity
					 */
int reached_target( unsigned short colour, unsigned short target_colour);

void root_colour(int seconds); 		/* Where the real work starts.	*/

					/* Change the colour of the 
					 * root window			*/
void change_colour(Display * display, 	
	           Window root, 
	           Colormap colormap, 
	           XColor colour);

/************************************************************************/

main(int argc, char * argv[])
   {
   int seconds=SECONDS;
					/* Have we got cmd line parms?	*/
   if (argc > 1 )
      {
					/* Yes. Is Help Required?	*/
      if ( !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
         {
         help(argv[0]);			/* Yes.				*/
         exit(0);
         }
					/* Do we have an integer.	*/
      if (!sscanf(argv[1], "%u", &seconds))
         {
         help(argv[0]);			/* No.				*/
         exit(0);
         }
         
      }

   root_colour(seconds);		/* Start colouring the 
					 * root window.
					 * 'seconds' is the # of seconds 
					 * between updates.		*/
   }

/************************************************************************/

void root_colour(int seconds)
   {
   Display * display;
   int       screen;
   char *    display_name=NULL;
   Window    root;
   Colormap  colormap;
   XColor    colour, target_colour;

				/****************************************
				 *
				 * Initalise the X environment.
				 *
				 ****************************************/

   				/* Connect to X display server.		*/
   display=XOpenDisplay(display_name);	

				/* Get screen ID			*/
   screen=DefaultScreen(display);

   root=RootWindow(display, screen); 

				/* Load the default colour map 		*/
   colormap = DefaultColormap(display, screen);

				/* Starting colour - Grey		*/
   colour.red=MAX_COL/2; colour.green=MAX_COL/2; colour.blue=MAX_COL/2;

   colour.flags = DoRed|DoGreen|DoBlue;

				/****************************************
				 *
				 * Loop forever.
				 *
				 ****************************************/

   while(1)			
      {
				/* Increments used to go from the current
				 * colour to the target colour.		*/

      int red_inc, green_inc, blue_inc;

				/* Flags used to show when the target 
				 * colour has been reached.
				 *
				 * 0 = Arrived at the target colour.
				 * 1 = Not arrived at the target colour.
				 *					*/
      int red=1, green=1, blue=1;

				/* Random selection of a new target 
				 * colour 				*/

      target_colour.red=rand()%MAX_COL;
      target_colour.green=rand()%MAX_COL;
      target_colour.blue=rand()%MAX_COL;

				/* Calculate the direction to go in 
				 * to reach the new target colour.	*/

      red_inc   = ( target_colour.red   > colour.red  ) ? INC : INC * -1;
      green_inc = ( target_colour.green > colour.green) ? INC : INC * -1;
      blue_inc  = ( target_colour.blue  > colour.blue ) ? INC : INC * -1;


				/* Loop until all three colours have 
				 * reached their required value.	*/

      while(red || green || blue)
         {
				/* Change the colour of the root window */

	 change_colour(display, root, colormap, colour);

				/* Increment onto the next colour.	*/

         if (  red=reached_target(colour.red,   target_colour.red))   
		colour.red   += red_inc;
         if (green=reached_target(colour.green, target_colour.green)) 
		colour.green += green_inc;
         if ( blue=reached_target(colour.blue,  target_colour.blue))  
		colour.blue  += blue_inc;

         sleep(seconds); 	/* Pause......				*/

         }

      }

   XCloseDisplay(display);
   }

/************************************************************************/

int reached_target( unsigned short colour, unsigned short target_colour)
   {
   return (( colour >= target_colour-INC && colour <= target_colour+INC) ?0:1);
   }

/************************************************************************/

void change_colour(Display * display, 
                   Window root, 
                   Colormap colormap, 
                   XColor colour)
   {
				/* Reserve a cell in the colour map	*/

   XAllocColorCells(display, colormap, False, NULL, 0, &colour.pixel, 1);

				/* Place the required colour in the map.*/

   XStoreColor(display, colormap, &colour);

				/* Free the cell so it can be reused.	*/

   XFreeColors(display, colormap, &colour.pixel, 1, 0);

				/* Set the root window colour.		*/

   XSetWindowBackground(display, root, colour.pixel);

				/* Refresh the root window (with the new
				 * colour).				*/

   XClearWindow(display, root);

   }

/************************************************************************/

void help(char * progname)
   {

   printf("\n%s information\n\n", progname);

   puts(" This program randomly changes the color of the screen background.");
   puts("\n Syntax:\n");

   printf("\t%s   \tRun the program with with a default update time\n", progname);
   printf("\t\t     \tof %d seconds.\n", SECONDS);
   printf("\t%s  3\tRun the program specifing the delay between updates.\n", progname);
   printf("\t%s -h\tHelp. you are reading it.\n\n", progname);
   }
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/X_EXAMPLES/Xref.html0000644000076400001440000000246007055335110015716 X Examples






X Examples








The following programs will only run under the 'X Windows' environment,
they have been tested on Linux running X11R6 and SunOS running X11R5.
If you are a DOS/Windows user these programs will not compile until
you junk 'Windows' and install Linux.






A few statistics about your X environment



randomly change the colour of the root window.



 A tool for issuing an rlogin to anothe machine. It basicaly
saves a bit of typing.













Top

Master Index

C Keywords

Functions













Martin Leslie





c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/X_EXAMPLES/xxterm.c0000644000076400001440000004432007055335115015625 /***********************************************************************
 * Purpose: To provide a tool that allows people to login to machines.
 *
 * Compile: Edit BUTTONS    - Number of machines.
 *      Edit XTERM      - Location of the xterm command.
 *      Edit 'machines' - Names of the machines.
 *
 *      Compile command for Linux and Sun
 *
 *      gcc xxterm.c -o xxterm -lX11
 * User notes:
 *      This is only of use to people running UNIX boxes on a LAN.
 *
 * History: 
 *
 * Rev Date      Author Comments.
 * --- ----      ------ ---------
 * 1.0 30-May-95 MJL    Inital Release.
 */
/****************** Includes ********************************************/
                /* These are in /usr/X386       */
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 
#include      /* setuid               */

/****************** Defines *********************************************/

#define  BUTTONS  7     /* <<<<<--- number of machines.     */

                /* VVVVV--- Location of the xterm comnd */
#define  XTERM              "/usr/X11R5/bin/xterm -sb -e rlogin"

                /* window background colour */
#define  BACKGROUND_COLOUR  "light grey"
#define  BUTTON_COLOUR      "blue"  

#define  DOWN           "down"
#define  ACTIVE         "active"

/****************** Global Variables ************************************/

Display *display;
int      screen;
Colormap colormap;
                /* <<<<<---- Machines you want to access */
char * machines[] = {
    "marin",
    "xarque",
    "dragon",
    "saturn",
    "sentinel",
    "silver",
    "sirius"
    };

/****************** Structures ******************************************/
                /* Hold the co-ordinates of the buttons */
struct {
    XPoint topleft;
    XPoint topright;
    XPoint botleft;
    XPoint botright;
       } buttons[BUTTONS+1];


struct window_info
      {
      Window win;
      GC     gc;
      };

/****************** Functions *******************************************/

void init_buttons(char *button_caps[]);

void draw_image (Window, GC *, char *button_caps[]);

int  draw_button 
    (Window,
     GC *gc, 
     char *text,        /* Text to put on screen button cap */
     int x, int y,      /* Position of button in window     */
     int width, int height, 
     int,
         char button_caps[]);
                /* Change the colour in the graphics
                 * context. 
                 */                 
void set_colour (GC *gc, char *, Colormap);

int  where_am_i (Window, GC *gc);

                /* Take an action based on the 
                 * button ID.
                 */
int process_button
    (Window win, 
     GC *gc, 
     char *button_caps[], 
     int button);       /* Button ID.       */

void press_button 
    (Window, 
     GC *gc, 
     char *button_caps[], 
     char *text );

struct window_info create_window
    (int x,         /* Window size              */
     int y);

                /* Execute system commands      */
void execute_command
    (int root,      /* 1 == must be run by root
                 * 0 == Can be run by anyone        */
     char *command,     /* Command              */
         char *machine);

/************************************************************************/

main()
   {
   unsigned int width, height;      /* Size of the window.      */
   int          x=0, y=0;       /* x is across, y is down!  */
   unsigned int border_width=4;     /* Window border.      */

                /* Array of pointers, one for each screen
                 * button, they point to a string constant
                 * describing their status, active, down,
                 * inactive
                 */
   char *button_caps[BUTTONS+1];

   struct window_info window;

   Window       win;
   GC           gc;
   XEvent       report;
   XFontStruct *font_info;
   XColor       colour;

   char *       display_name=NULL;

   /*********************************************************************
    *
    *   Setup the window environment 
    *
    *********************************************************************/

                /* Connect to X display server.     */
   display=XOpenDisplay(display_name);  

                /* Get screen ID            */
   screen=DefaultScreen(display);

                                /* Load the default colour map          */
   colormap = DefaultColormap(display, screen);

                /* Create the new window with the same 
                   attributes as the parent.        */
                /* Put the info window on the screen    */
   width = 90; height = (BUTTONS+1)* 30 +15+5;
   window=create_window(width, height);
   win = window.win;
   gc  = window.gc;

/************************************************************************
 *
 *      Window environment has been setup.
 *
 *  We must now define the attributes required by the graphics that 
 *  will be placed inside the window.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

   {
   int exit_prog=1;

                /* Initalize the screen buttons     */
   init_buttons(button_caps);

                /* Will stop looping when the 'exit' button
                 * is pressed.
                 */
   while (exit_prog)
      {
                /* Wait for an event....        
                   These are documented in Xlib Programming
                   Manual Volume 1 P.223        */
      XNextEvent(display, &report);   

      switch (report.type)
         {
                /* drawing can only be done on an 'Expose'
                   event                */

     case Expose:       /* Event No. ?              */
            {
                /* Redraw the whole screen.     */
            draw_image(win, &gc, button_caps);
            break;
            }
     case ButtonPress:  /* Event No. 4              */
        {
        int button;
                /* Act on a mouse button press. If the 'exit'
                 * screen button has been pressed, 'exit_prog'
                 * will be set to 0.
                 */
        button=where_am_i(win, &gc);
        process_button(win, &gc, button_caps, button);

                /* Test for exit.           */

        if ( button == BUTTONS)  exit_prog=0;

        break;
            }
     case KeyPress:     /* Event No. 2                          */
        {
        break;      /* Not realy interested....     */
            }
     case 22:       /* Event No. 22                         */
        {
        break;      /* Window moved, i think...     */
            }
         default:
            {
        printf ("Unexpected Event occoured in xxterm window. Event No. is %i\n",
                 report.type);
            break;
            }
         }
      }
   }  
   }
/************************************************************************
 *
 *  root == 1 Command can only be executed by root
 *  root >= 0 Command can be executed by anyone.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
void execute_command(int root, char *command, char *machine)
   {
   char full_cmd[100];
                /* Q. Does this command 'root' authority*/
   if (root)
      {
      if (getuid()) 
         {
         printf("You are not authorised to execute this command\n");
         return;
         }
      }
   strcpy( full_cmd, command);
   strcat( full_cmd, " ");
   strcat( full_cmd, machine);
   strcat( full_cmd, " &");
   system(full_cmd);
   }
/************************************************************************
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int process_button (Window win, GC *gc, char *button_caps[], int button)
   {

                /* locate the button the pointer is in  */
   if (button >= 0 && button < BUTTONS)
      {

      button_caps[button] = DOWN; 
      press_button(win, gc, button_caps, "          " );

      execute_command(0, XTERM, machines[button]);

      sleep(1);

      button_caps[button] = ACTIVE; 
      press_button(win, gc, button_caps, "          " );

      }

                /* Check for exit           */
   if ( button == BUTTONS)
      {
      button_caps[button] = DOWN; 
      press_button(win, gc, button_caps, "          " );

      sleep(1);

      button_caps[button] = ACTIVE; 
      press_button(win, gc, button_caps, "          " );

      }
   return (1);
   }

/****************** Build an image onto the window **********************/

void draw_image (Window win, GC *gc, char *button_caps[])
   {
   int i, x;
                /* Build the screen buttons
                 */

                /* Button states are:
                 *  active (up)
                 *  down
                 *  inactive
                 */
   for (i=0, x=15; i< BUTTONS; i++, x+=30)
      {
     /* Draw_box parms are:
      *      Graphic Context 
      *      |          Text on the button
      *      |          |    x indent from left side
      *      |          |    |    y indent from top
      *      |          |    |    |   width
      *           |          |    |    |   |   height
      *           V          V    V    V   V   V
      */
      draw_button(win, gc, machines[i], 15,  x, 60, 20, i, button_caps[i]) ;
      }
   draw_button(win, gc, "Exit"     , 15, x, 60, 20, i, button_caps[i]) ;

   }
/****************** Draw button with text in it *************************
 *
 *  Draw a button with texted on its cap.
 *
 *  win     Window ID
 *  gc      Graphics context.
 *  text        text to put in the box.
 *  x,y     top left hand corner of the box. x is across the screen
 *      width
 *  height
 *  box     identifing number.
 *  button_state    state of screen button, active, inactive or down
 *
 ************************************************************************/

draw_button(Window win, GC *gc, char *text, int x, int y, 
    int width, int height, int box,
    char button_cap[])
   {

                /* variables to hold the colour names.  
                 ****************************************/
   char top_left_col[80];   /* button shading           */
   char bottom_right_col[80];   /* more button shading.         */
   char text_col[80];       /* Text on button.          */

   int yfudge=height-5;     /* Text location            */
   int xfudge=x+6;

struct {
       XPoint p;
       } points[6];

   int thickness=2;     /* Thickness of the button edge.    */

                /* Co-ordinates for the inner box.  */
   int xinner=x+thickness;
   int yinner=y+thickness;
   int hinner=height-(thickness*2);
   int winner=width-(thickness*2);

                /* Set colours for an "active" button   */
   if (!strcmp(button_cap, ACTIVE))
      {
      strcpy(top_left_col, "white");
      strcpy(bottom_right_col, "slategrey");
      }

                /* Set colours for a "down" button
                 * the button has been pressed.
                 */
   if (!strcmp(button_cap, DOWN))
      {
      strcpy(top_left_col, "slategrey");
      strcpy(bottom_right_col, "white");
      }


                                /* set the border colour.              */

   set_colour(gc, top_left_col, colormap);

                /* Top Left border          */

   points[0].p.x=x;             points[0].p.y=y;
   points[1].p.x=x+width;       points[1].p.y=y;
   points[2].p.x=xinner+winner;     points[2].p.y=yinner;
   points[3].p.x=xinner;        points[3].p.y=yinner;
   points[4].p.x=xinner;        points[4].p.y=yinner+hinner;
   points[5].p.x=x;             points[5].p.y=y+height;

   XFillPolygon( 
    display,
    win,
    *gc,
    points,
    6,
    Nonconvex,
    CoordModeOrigin);

                                /* set the border colour.              */
   set_colour(gc, bottom_right_col, colormap);

                /* Bottom right             */ 
   points[0].p.x=x;             points[0].p.y=y+height;
   points[1].p.x=xinner;        points[1].p.y=yinner+hinner;
   points[2].p.x=xinner+winner;     points[2].p.y=yinner+hinner;
   points[3].p.x=xinner+winner;     points[3].p.y=yinner;
   points[4].p.x=x+width;       points[4].p.y=y;
   points[5].p.x=x+width;       points[5].p.y=y+height;

   XFillPolygon( 
    display,
    win,
    *gc,
    points,
    6,
    Nonconvex,
    CoordModeOrigin);

                                /* set the text colour.             */

   set_colour(gc, BUTTON_COLOUR, colormap);

                /* draw the text that will be on the screen
                 * button cap.
                 */

   XDrawString    (display, win, *gc, 
            xfudge, y+yfudge, /* Bottom left of text    */
            text,  
            strlen(text));

                /* Store the button location        */
   
   buttons[box].topleft.x=x;        buttons[box].topleft.y=y;
   buttons[box].topright.x=x+width; buttons[box].topright.y=y;
   buttons[box].botright.x=x+width; buttons[box].botright.y=y+height;
   buttons[box].botleft.x=x;        buttons[box].botleft.y=y+height;

   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *  Returns
 *      -1 == Not on a screen button or the screen button is not active
 *        ge 0 == Button number.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
int where_am_i(Window win, GC *gc)
   {

   Window root, child;
   int root_x, root_y;      /* Cursor location on the screen.   */
   int win_x, win_y;        /* Cursor location in the window.   */
   int mask;
   int inc;
   int button;

                /* Get pointer location on the screen
                 * and within the window from the top left
                 * corner. 
                 *  x left to right.
                 *      y top to bottom.
                 */
   XQueryPointer( display, win,
        &root, &child,
        &root_x, &root_y,
        &win_x, &win_y,
        &mask);

                /* win_x and win_y give the usefull position
                 * within the window.
                 */

                /* Scan through each of the button positions
                 * and see if the pointer is in one of them
                 */
   button=-1;
   for (inc = 0 ; inc <= BUTTONS && button == -1; inc++)
      {
      if ( win_x > buttons[inc].topleft.x && win_x <  buttons[inc].topright.x
        && win_y > buttons[inc].topleft.y && win_y <  buttons[inc].botleft.y)
         {
         button = inc;      /* Store the button ID.         */
         }
      }

   return(button);
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *  press - status of button then we start the routine.
 *  release - Status of button when we exit the routine (active/inactive)
 *
 ************************************************************************/
void press_button(Window win, GC *gc, char *button_caps[], char *text )
   {

   draw_image(win, gc, button_caps);    /* redraw all the buttons   */
   }
/************************************************************************
 *
 *  Change the colour of any graphics that are drawn after this 
 *  function has been called.
 *
 *  colour - Name of the colour to change to.
 *
 *  For a list of valid colour names:
 *      Use the Unix command 'showrgb'
 *      or look in /usr/lib/X11/rgb
 *      or on Suns you can try the unix command 'xco'.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
void set_colour (GC *gc, char * colour, Colormap colormap)
   {
   XColor   xcolour;
                /* Convert the Colour name into RGB values.
                 */
   XParseColor(display, colormap, colour, &xcolour);
                /* Convert the RGB values into a pixel value.
                 */
   XAllocColor(display, colormap, &xcolour);
                /* Use the pixel value to set the foreground
                 * colour.
                 */
   XSetForeground(display, *gc, xcolour.pixel);
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *  Initalise the screen buttons.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
void init_buttons(char *button_caps[])
   {
   int i;

   for (i=0; i <= BUTTONS; i++) button_caps[i] = ACTIVE;

   }
/************************************************************************
 *
 *  Put a window on the screen.
 *
 *  x & y are the size of the window.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
struct window_info create_window(int x, int y)
   {
   struct window_info window;
   XColor             colour;

   
                /* Build background colour 
                 * XParseColor gets rgb values for the named
                 * colour, then XAllocColor gets the pixel 
                 * value from the rgb values.
                 */
   XParseColor(display, colormap, BACKGROUND_COLOUR, &colour);
   XAllocColor(display, colormap, &colour);

                                /* Create the new window with the same 
                                   attributes as the parent.            */
   window.win = XCreateSimpleWindow(display,
                RootWindow(display, screen),
                0, 0,           /* Position                             */
                x, y,           /* Size                                 */
                4,
                WhitePixel(display, screen),    /* Window Border color  */
                colour.pixel);          /* Window Background color */

                                /* Select the event types we want the 
                                 * window to respond to.
                                 * XSelectInput(display,
                 */
   XSelectInput(display,
                window.win,
                ExposureMask |
                KeyPressMask |
                ButtonPressMask |
                StructureNotifyMask );
                

                                /* Make window visable  - this does not 
                                   actually make the window visable 
                                   until we start looking for 'events'  */      
   XMapWindow (display, window.win);

                                /* Create a 'Graphics Context' used to 
                                   hold common attributes requires by 
                                   graphic images, for example colour and 
                                   line thickness.                      */
   window.gc = XCreateGC(display, 
               RootWindow(display, screen), 
               0,
               NULL);

   return window;
   }
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/future.html0000644000076400001440000003172207055333534014632 Future additions.









Future additions.






Here is a short list of items I hope to add or complete. If you 
have any ideas or want to help out, please let me know.


To be completed.





o

Libraries.




o

GDB.




o

Technique and Style.




o

Descriptions for files in O'Reilly 'Using C' Directory.







Future Sections.



o

Makefile introduction.




o

Obfusticated code examples.




o

a umask example 




o

Green house problem




o

Trapping escapes sequences.
















Release 1.09


(15th Nov 1998)



o


I have continued to add C++
information.
The main effort has been in the non object related improvements
within C++ that should
make a C programmers life easier.












Release 1.08


(5th April 1998)



o

This is a minor release. It correctes a few duff links found in 1.07 and
generally  tidys things up.












Release 1.07


(1st Mar 1997)



o

An extra feature in struct is now documented.




o

static functions now documented.




o

All the code examples now use the same formatting standard.




o

The master index  now uses 'frames'
to improve the layout.




o

Number conversion page. This is a Java Applet
that shows numbers in Hex, Oct, Dec, Binary and ASCII.




o

It appears that some people have problems getting CGI scripts installed.
In attempt to make your lives easier, several JavaScript pages have been
written to replace the CGI scripts.






Enjoy.




o
Some pages
use JavaScript to change the color of the bullet. This was
added just so I could see it work...




o

A bit more flesh has been added to the
 function reference.




o

I found the old mottled background hardwork on some terminals so I have
changed it to
something a little easier on the eyes.





o

A little more information added on C++ keywords.





o

The POSIX
libraries are starting to appear! Check out 
unistd.h
and pipe 
or fork in particular.




o

const improved.




o

Information on arrarys improved.




o

Information on pointer 
documentation improved.









Release 1.06


(30th March 1996)



o

This release corrects problems with 1.05! There are only minor changes.







Release 1.05


(11th March 1996)



o

Well! the most obvious change is the background. Do you like it or
do you think its a distraction or maybe you have a better background
I could use. 
Please let me know.

o

All the 
ANSI functions are now listed. I have supplied some of my own notes
on the more common functions and all the others use man pages to provide 
you with information.



o

Bitwise operators have recieved some 
attension. There is also a Simulator that will show you whats happening. Coool....




o

Pointers reworked.




o

Strings added.




o


I know I am going to regret this move, but, I have started adding C++ 
notes to this documentation! If a page has brown text, 
it will contain C++ notes. As an example please
checkout the pages on:










Please dont expect this side of the documentation to grow.... 









o

A large number of the  pages 
now have buttons to jump directly to Top, Master Index, Keywords and
Functions.


Check out the bottom of this page to see what I mean.




o

strtok
has been reworked.




o

sizeof information expanded.




o

I have changed the numbering system by dropping the 1. bit as it does 
not serve much purpose.










Release 1.4


(23rd Nov 1995)



o

The following keywords have been documented by 
Vinay Kanitkar



else

if

switch

case





o

void
keyword explanation.




o

stdin, stdout, stderr file
pointers.




o

Download the HTML source to this 
guide.




o

malloc function.




o

 GOT YA. Traps that people fall into.














Release 1.3


(15th June 1995)



o

Pointers to functions.




o

Another X program added.




o

Small fix put into stat example.




o

Corrections made to strchr documentation.




o

Keyword documentation now includes union ,
do ,
for and
while.




o

Formatting using HTML 2.0 extensions now appearing on some pages.




o

Precedence table improved.




o

Link Lists.




o

ANSI functions 
the never ending task of documenting these continues (slowly).




o

strpbrk and
bsearch are new additions.















Release 1.2


(18th April 1995)



o

Hex dump problem added.




o

Yet more links added to existing documents especially the 
glossary.




o

General corrections (spelling/HTML/grammar).




o

Keywords - goto documented.




o

mjl_man re-written, I kept finding bugs in V1.x. Latest version is V2.0




o

Structures
- more information added.




o

Precedence table added.




o

Descriptions for my example programs.




o

Descriptions for files in O'Reilly '
Practical C' Directory.




o

ANSI functions now listed 
by header instead of alphabetically.




o

printf/sprintf etc formatting improved.




o

A couple of X program examples added.














Release 1.1


(5th February 1995)


This release fixes problems found with 1.0. There is no extra
information added.




o

All icons now have transparent backgrounds so they will blend in 
with the browsers background.




o

Links placed in the glossary pointing to related info.




o

Master index tidied up.




o

Changes made to the program examples so they are displayed correctly
in NCSA Mosaic and Netscape browsers.




o

Links in the 'Interesting items from the net' page actually work!!!




o

White ball icon now the correct size.










Release 1.0


(21st January 1995)



o

First public release.










Creation


(1st January 1994)



o

The saga starts here. The inital documentation started out as a bunch of 
files in a directory. Over time they became 
un-managable and got the HTML treatment and eventually grew into 
this seathing mass of hypertext links.....

















                  Top

          Master Index

       Keywords

      Functions












Martin Leslie 



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405230013535 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/got_ya.html0000644000076400001440000000271407055334535015631 Got Ya









Got Ya










An error which almost every C programmer has made is shown below:

	main()
	{
	   int left=10;
	   		
	   if ( left = 5 )
	   {
	      puts(" Values are equal...");
	   }
        }


The program assigns 5 to the variable left and returns 5.
This is interpreted as TRUE and causes the 
puts statement to be executed everytime.


Here is the corrected program.

	main()
	{
	   int left=10;
	   		
	   if ( left == 5 )		/* Double equals required. */
	   {
	      puts(" Values are equal...");
	   }
        }









See Also:



Coding idioms.
















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/switch.html0000644000076400001440000001130707055334526015646 switch/case keywords











The 'switch' and 'case' keywords








The switch-case statement is a multi-way decision statement. Unlike the 
multiple decision statement that can be created using 
if-else, the switch
statement evaluates the conditional 
expression and tests it against 
numerous 
constant 
values. The branch corresponding to the value that the 
expression matches is taken during execution.


The value of the expressions in a switch-case statement must be an ordinal 
type i.e. 
integer, char, short, long, 
etc. Float and double are not 
allowed. 


The syntax is :











     switch( expression )
     {
        case constant-expression1:	statements1;
        [case constant-expression2:	statements2;]    
        [case constant-expression3:	statements3;]
        [default : statements4;]
     }












The case statements and the default statement can occur in any 
order in 
the switch statement. The default clause is an optional clause 
that is 
matched if none of the constants in the case statements can be matched.


Consider the example shown below:











     switch( Grade )
     {
        case 'A' : printf( "Excellent" );
        case 'B' : printf( "Good" );
        case 'C' : printf( "OK" );
        case 'D' : printf( "Mmmmm...." );
        case 'F' : printf( "You must do better than this" );    
        default  : printf( "What is your grade anyway?" );
     }		












Here, if the Grade is 'A' then the output will be










     Excellent
     Good
     OK
     Mmmmm....
     You must do better than this    
     What is your grade anyway?












This is because, in the 'C' switch statement, execution continues on into 
the next case clause if it is not explicitly specified that the execution 
should exit the switch statement. The correct statement would be:











     switch( Grade )
     {
        case 'A' : printf( "Excellent" );
                   break;

        case 'B' : printf( "Good" );
	           break;

	case 'C' : printf( "OK" );
	           break;

        case 'D' : printf( "Mmmmm...." );
	           break;

	case 'F' : printf( "You must do better than this" );    
	           break;

	default  : printf( "What is your grade anyway?" );
                   break;
	}		












Although the break in the default clause (or in general, after 
the last 
clause) is not necessary, it is good programming practice to put it in 
anyway. 


An example where it is better to allow the execution to continue into the 
next case statement:











     char Ch;
     .
     .
     switch( Ch )
     {
       			/* Handle lower-case characters */ 
        case 'a' :
        case 'b' :
       	      .
	      .
	      .
        case 'z' :
          printf( "%c is a lower-case character.\n", Ch );
	  printf( "Its upper-case is %c.\n" toupper(Ch) );      
	  break;

       			/* Handle upper-case characters */
	case 'A' :	
	case 'B' :
	      .
	      .
	      .
	case 'Z' :
           printf( "%c is a upper-case character.\n", Ch );
	   printf( "Its lower-case is %c.\n" tolower(Ch) );
	   break;

       			/* Handle digits and special characters */   

        default  :
           printf( "%c is not in the alphabet.\n", Ch );
	   break;

     }
     .
     .















Example:


Basic switch example.





See also:

















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Vinay Kanitkar


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/statements.html0000644000076400001440000000342007055334504016525 C statements and blocks









C Statements and blocks.
   





Statements

C has three types of statement.

    

  • assignment

    	=

    

  • selection (branching)

    	if (expression)
	else
	switch

    

  • iteration (looping)

    	while (expression)
	for (expression;expression;expression)
	do {block}

    





Blocks


These statements are grouped into blocks, a block is identified by
curly brackets...There are two types of block.

















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/do.html0000644000076400001440000000327107055334531014744 The DO keyword.







The DO keyword.



The do keyword performs a simular function to 
while. Basicaly, it repeats a block of statements. 
Here is an example of the syntax:

        main()
        {
          int i=5;

          do
          {
            printf(" i is %d\n", i);
          }
          while(--i);
        }




The program result will look like this:

 		i is 5
 		i is 4
 		i is 3
 		i is 2
 		i is 1


The main difference between do and while is
the time that expression is evaluated.

    

  • do performs the first test AFTER the first iteration.

  • while performs the first test BEFORE the first iteration.





Examples:



Basic do.






See also:

















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/Master.html0000644000076400001440000000163607055334535015604 XXX











XXXX





XXXX 








Examples:


 example 
program.




See Also:



malloc function.
















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Martin Leslie 






   
   
   C keywords.









C keywords.



The following list shows all the ANSII defined C keywords. I have included
sizeof because it looks like a keyword and it
keeps the table below tidy....




auto

break

case

char

const

continue

default

do





double

else

enum

extern

float

for

goto

if





int

long

register

return

short

signed

sizeof

static





struct

switch

typedef

union

unsigned

void

volatile

while








C++ extends the language to include these
keywords








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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/comments.html0000644000076400001440000000350007055334510016157 
Comments.









Comments.







Lets start with a few examples.











  main()
  {

      int Counter=0;       /* Initalise Counter */

      /* a comment */

      /*
       * Another comment
       */

      /*****************
       *
       * Final comment.
       *
       *****************/ 
  }















A comment starts with a /* and 
ends with */. Comments started in this way can span multiple
lines but cannot be nested.
For example:











   main()
   {
       int Count = 0;           /* Initalise 
                                 * Counter to 0 */

       /* /* Invalid comment */ */
   }











This will give a syntax error, because the last line 
contains nested comments. 

C++ offers a solution to 
comment nesting.








C++ Extension


Inline comments 


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/conditional.html0000644000076400001440000000447607055334513016655 Conditional Expressions











Conditional Expressions.









We have a short-hand construct for some if ... else ... constructs.

Consider the following two examples.







Example 1
Example 2





  if ( x == 1 ) 
    y = 10;
  else
    y = 20;
    






  y = (x == 1) ? 10 : 20;  












These examples both perform the same function. If x is 1 then y becomes 10
else y becomes 20. The example on the right evaluates the first expression 
'(x ==1 )' and if true evaluates the second '10'. If false the
third is evaluated. Here is another example.







Example 1
Example 2





 if ( x == 1 ) 
   puts("take car"); 
 else
   puts("take bike");  






 (x == 1) ? puts("take car") : puts("take bike"); 
                                                  
    or

 puts( (x == 1) ? "take car" : "take bike");











It has been said that the compiler can create more efficent code from
a conditional expression possibly at the expence of readable code.
Unless you are writing time critical code (and lets face it, thats unlikely)
the more efficent code is not much of a reason to use this construct.
I feel that it has its uses, but should not be lost into some complex
statement,
but, since when did C programmers worry if anyone else could read their 
code ;-)

 



See also:

















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/syntax.gif0000644000076400001440000000157007055334537015477 GIF89a6!,6jZuHUnpLmRxEpĢ[mP5`KJgE>]ԮwjfB2MUG
VމvuxWdhWh#Gx&"S(2b٩WIS!Z:7ci'[73{AHd.O+jRuWzڪ6޽tJ+BR	)k->*ܧS"į3ߕ(O&D@KMq )di/Mgir&D]Z%OPЭs*u9'fjiI|~H!+7OB%7Y@eWh?fؼs	T夙Q1\7`o1o.{'/NE9:ne
M;+V}pˉ/x-N6={җdgM%fO<+SEwPKyǿLދ^~v_kE}9w1^jiV}^(5]l҈ǟ]ǥa<48IS!y`~7˔R |#aUIh>8$(>ԝk	c	erc]rdo.Rqe^NX"O
%_*8Qus"r%q<;	2`$уٗ$YX.Ti'bnYڥl
RjaM>5ˠU]:t~b!VLLBN{^-+[fmxnK.2Yn9sRKp޻Q;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/for.html0000644000076400001440000000765207055334527015144 The FOR keyword.







The FOR keyword.



The for keyword is used to 
repeat a block of code many times. 








Basic principles

Say you wanted to print all the numbers between 1 and 10, you could write:

	main()
        {
	   int count=1;

	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
	   printf("%d\n", count++);
        }



As you can see this program would NOT be very practical if we wanted 
1000 numbers. The problem can be solved with the for statement
as below.

	main()
        {
	   int count;

           for ( count=1 ; count <= 10 ; count++) printf("%d\n", count);
        }



The for statement can be broken down into 4 sections:





count=1 

is the initalisation.



count <= 10  

An expression. The for statement continues to loop while this 
statement remains true



count++  

increament or 
decreament.



printf("%d\n", count)  

the statement to execute.








Repeating several lines of code


The previous example showed how to repeat ONE statement. This example 
shows how many lines can be repeated.


	main()
        {
	   int count, sqr;

           for ( count=1 ; count <= 10 ; count++) 
           {
	      sqr=count * count;
              printf( " The square of");
	      printf( " %2d", count);
	      printf( " is %3d\n", sqr);
           }
        }



The { and } following the for statement define 
a block of statements. 





More detail


The for statement performs the following functions while looping.


	for (expression_1 ; expression_2 ; expression_3) statement ;



    

  1. Executes expression_1.
    

  2. Executes statement.

  3. Executes expression_3.

  4. Evaluates expression_2.

    

      

    • If TRUE, Jumps to item 2.

    • If FALSE, Stops looping.

    



Any of the three expressions can be missing, if the first or third is missing,
it is ignored. If the second is missing, is is assumed to be TRUE.


The following example is an infinite loop:


	main()
	{
	   for( ; ; ) puts(" Linux rules!");
	}








Examples:



Basic for example.




Advanced for example.






See also:

















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/while.html0000644000076400001440000000564007055334531015454 

The WHILE keyword.






The WHILE keyword.



The while keyword is related to do
and for. Its purpose is to repeatedly execute
a block of statements. Here is 
an example :












        main()
        {
            int i=5;

            while(--i)
            {
                printf(" i is %d\n", i);
            }
        }












The expression i-- is evaluated and if its 
true the statements in the 
block are executed. 
The loop continues until the expression is false (zero).
The result will look like this:











                
                i is 4
                i is 3
                i is 2
                i is 1












It is important to note that the statements 
on a while will not get executed if the first evaluation of the
expression is FALSE. If you do not want this to happen you may prefer
to use the do statement.





Now consider the next example.












        main()
        {
            int i=5;

            while(--i);
            {
                printf(" i is %d\n", i);
            }
        }











The result will look like this:













                i is 0












This is because of the ; on the end of the while
statement which means the while will loop (executing NULL statements)
until i is zero. Execution will then continue down the program 
(to the printf).






Examples:


o
Basic while.






See also:


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/define_preprocessor.html0000644000076400001440000000315107055334507020402 define preprocessor







#define preprocessor





The #define preprocessor allows us to define symbolic names and constants.
A quick example


	#define PI 3.14159


This statement will translate every occurance of PI in the program to 3.14159.
Here is a more complete example:



	#define PI 3.14159
	main()
	{
   	   int r=10;
	   float cir;
	   cir = PI * (r*r);
	}


This feature is partically usefull for defining 'magic' numbers.





See Also:


    

  • A related C keyword is enum which can be used to 
build lists of aliases.
    


  • Another related C keyword is const.

    


  • An advanced use of #define is in the creation of 
macros.






Examples:


example program.



Conflict between enum and #define.



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/void.html0000644000076400001440000000363707055334532015312 The VOID keyword.







The VOID keyword.





The void keyword
allows us to create functions that either do not require any
parameters or do not return a value.

The following example shows a function that does not return 
a value.









	void Print_Square(int Number);

	main()
	{
	   Print_Square(10);
	   exit(0);
	}
	
	void Print_Square(int Number)
	{
	   printf("%d squared is %d\n",Number, Number*Number);
	}









The next example shows a function that does not require any parameters:









	#include 
	#include 

        int Random(void);

        main()
        {
           printf("A random number is %d\n", Random());
           exit(0);
        }

        int Random(void)
        {
	   srand((unsigned int)time((time_t *)NULL));
	   return( rand());
        }













Example:


void example



See also:


Functions
Void pointers


 















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/struct.html0000644000076400001440000002251107055334516015667 STRUCT keyword 









STRUCT keyword 













Structure basics


struct is used to declare a new 
data-type. 
Basically this means
grouping variables together. For example, a struct data type could be used 
to declare the format of the following file.









          
   Jo		Loss		Maths		A   
   Harry	Carpenter	English 	A
   Billy	King		Maths		C











The records above could be described in a struct as follows:









   

   struct
   {
       char cname[8];
       char sname[16];   
       char exam[16];
       char grade;
   } record;











The statement above declares a variable called record with 4 members
called cname, sname, exam, grade. The structure as a whole can be 
referred to as record and a member can be referenced as 
record.exam



Structures can be declared in various forms...




	struct x {int a; int b; int c;};		/* declaration	*/
	struct 	 {int a; int b; int c;} z;
	struct x z;


All the examples above are structure declarations, 

    

  • The first gives x as a 'structure tag' - this is optional.

  • The first and second declare the members of the structure.

  • Second and third give z this is the variable that assumes the 
structure type.









Structure membership


We can access individual members of a structure with the . operator.

For example to assign a value, we can enter:









	
   struct x {int a; int b; int c;};   

   main()
   {
      struct x z;
     
      z.a = 10;
      z.b = 20;
      z.c = 30;
   }
   










And to retrieve a value from a structure member:










   struct x
   {
      int a;
      int b;
      int c;
   };

   main()
   {
      struct x z;
	
      z.a = 10;
      z.a++;

      printf(" first member is %d \n", z.a);   
   }
   














Pointers to structures


Fast path to an explanation of the -> operator.



All that we have discussed so far has been OK but runs into problems 
when structures have to be moved between functions for the following 
reasons.

    

  • If the structure is large it is more effiecent to pass a 
pointer to the structure
instead of the structure its self. This technic is also used to pass
pointers to arrays between 
functions.

    

  • When passing a structure to a function, you actually pass a COPY of the 
structure. Therefore it is not possible to change the values of members
within the structure as the copy is destroyed when the function ends.




So how does it all work? Here is an example. (make your browser W-I-D-E so
you can see the two examples).









					|
					|
   struct x {int a; int b; int c;} ;	| struct x {int a; int b; int c;} ;
					|
   void function(struct x);		| void function(struct x *);
					|
   main()			       	| main()
   {					| {
     struct x z;                        |   struct x z, *pz;	     /* 3 */
					|   pz = &z;		     /* 4 */
     z.a = 10;		/* 1 */		|   z.a = 10;
     z.a++;				|   z.a++;
					|
     function(z);	/* 2 */	        | function(pz);		     /* 5 */
   }					| }
					|
   void function( struct x z)		| void function(struct x * pz)
   {					| {			     /* 6 */
     printf(" first member %d \n", z.a);|   printf(" first member %d \n", (*pz).a);   
   }					| }
					|










Here is the annotation.

    

  1. Give a structure member a value.

  2. Pass a COPY of the whole structure to the function.

  3. Define 'pz' a pointer to a structure of type 'x'.

  4. Put the address of 'z' into 'pz'. 'pz' now POINTS to 'z'.
PLEASE NOTE. 'z' is defined to reserve memory equal to the size of the 
structure. 'pz' only holds an address so will be 4 bytes long.

  5. Pass the pointer into the function.

  6. Print the value of the member 'a'.




The (*pz).a syntax is used a great deal in C and it was decided to create
a short hand for it. So:


	(*pz).a   ==  pz->a

 

Here is the final picture.


   /*************************************************************************/

   struct x {int a; int b; int c;} ;	/* Declare the structure.	    */

   void function(struct x * );		/* Declare the function.	    */

   /*************************************************************************/

   main() 
   {  
					/* Declare two variables.
					 * z == type struct x
					 * pz == a pointer to type struct x
					 */
     struct x z, *pz; 			

     pz = &z;        			/* put the address of 'z' into 'pz' */
     z.a = 10;				/* initialize z.a		    */
     z.a++;				/* Increment z.a		    */

					/* print the contents of 'z.a'
					 * using the pointer 'pz'	    */
   
     printf(" first member before the function call %d \n", pz->a);

					/* Call 'function' passing the 
					 * pointer 'pz'			    */
     function(pz);  			

					/* Print the NEW value of 'z.a'
					 * using three different notations  */
     printf(" first member after the function call %d \n", pz->a);
     printf(" first member after the function call %d \n", (*pz).a);
     printf(" first member after the function call %d \n", z.a);

   }

   /*************************************************************************/
   
   void function(struct x * pz)
   { 
					/* Print the value of 'z.a' by
					 * referencing the pointer 'pz'
					 * which holds the address of 'z'   */
     printf(" first member inside the function %d \n", pz->a);
      
					/* Increment the value of 'z.a'
					 * this is the source location
					 * in memory.			    */
     pz->a++;
     
   }

   /*************************************************************************/
  










The Bottom Draw


Finally, here is a little feature that allows you to save a little
space.










  main()
  {
    struct Flags
    {
      unsigned int Online  :1;   
      unsigned int Mounted :1;
    }

    struct Flags TapeInfo;

    TapeInfo.Online  = 1;
    TapeInfo.Mounted = 0;
  }
  










The :1 tells the compiler that only 1 byte is
required for Online and Mounted. There are a few points to
note about this though.

    

  • You may expect the compiler to reserve 2 bytes for the structure, it
actually reserves one word (usually 4 bytes) as this is the smallest unit
that can be reserved, the remaining 2 bytes are unavailable.
This is still better than the 2 words that wold normally get reserved.

  • You can put any number into the variable, if the number is too large
to fit, the high order bits are lost without warning.

  • Only signed int, unsigned int, int support this syntax.






Examples





This is the most basic struct example I could think of.





Using structure elements, and passing them into a function.





Passing a whole structure to a function. This performs a copy of the 
structure so the same rules apply as for int etc. 
Pointers to structures can be passed but I have not got to them yet....





Define and use an array of structures.





Here is a struct problem for you.






See Also:


typedef keyword.



Linked lists.


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/functions.html0000644000076400001440000001124607055334512016352 Functions and passing arguments.









Functions and passing arguments.





A function is a block of code that can be executed many times by other
functions or its self.





Function Basics.

You should already understand the concept of functions! If you don't, you 
are a sad sad man....

Might expand on this one day.

P.S. main() is a function. 


Declaration.

Just like variables, all functions have to be 
declared before use. Here is an 
example.

        int add( int, int);


This statement declares a function called add, it has two integer
arguments and returns an integer.


Definition.

The definition is the meat of the 
function. Heres an example.


Passing values.

Passing values is known as call by value. You actually pass a copy
of the variable to the function. If the function modifies the copy, the original 
remains unaltered. The previous example demonstarted call by value

Passing pointers.

This is known as call by reference and is an area worth spending some
time on. We do not pass the data to the function, instead we pass a pointer
to the data. This means that if the function alters the data, the original
is altered.



  Example of passing a pointer to a scalar.




C++ has a nice feature called 
reference variables 
which is a tider
approch to modifing the contents of a passed variable.



Passing Arrays.



  Example of passing a pointer to an integer array.


  Example of passing a pointer to a two 
dimensional integer array.


  Example of passing a pointer to a 
character array.


  Example of passing a two dimensional 
character array.

Variable number of parms (...)




  Example of passing an unknown number
of variables to a function



  Man page for va_start, va_end etc


Function recurssion.


Returning values.


Normally you would return an 'int', 'char', 'float', or 'double' using this 
technic. The obvious time to return a value would be to return a completion
code.


Here is an example


The contents of 'c' are copied into 'i'.


Returning pointers.


Returning values is OK for the data types above but not very practical for 
'char *' or structures. For these data types passing pointers can be more 
appropriate. When using these pointers it is important to understand the
'static' storage class 
otherwise you are going to get some unpredictable
results.















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/syntax.html0000644000076400001440000000755607055334503015701 

C Syntax







Syntax






The following items highlight the main areas of C syntax.





If nothing appears below this line,
click on low tech links.






















































































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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/volatile.html0000644000076400001440000000516407055334530016163 

The VOLATILE keyword.






The VOLATILE keyword.



I have had several sugestions on how to describe volatile, 
If you have any input please mail me.

    

  • The volatile keyword acts as a 
data type qualifier. 
The qualifier alters the default why in which 
the compiler handles the variable and does not attempt to optimize the 
storage referenced by it. Martin Leslie

    

  • volatile means the storage is likely to change at anytime 
and be changed but something outside the control of the user program.
This means that if you reference the variable,
the program should always check the physical address (ie a mapped input fifo),
and not use it in a cashed way.Stephen Hunt

    

  • Here is an example for the usage of the volatile keyword:

    	/* Base address of the data input latch */

	volatile unsigned char *baseAddr;

	/* read parts of output latch */

	lsb    = *handle->baseAddr;
	middle = *handle->baseAddr;
	msb    = *handle->baseAddr;

    
Between reads the bytes are changed in the latch.

    
Without the volatile, the compiler optimises this to a single assignment:

    	lsb = middle = msb = *handle->baseAddr;

    
Tim Potter

    

  • A volatile variable is  for dynamic use. E.G. for data that is to
be passed to an I/O port Here is an example.


    	#define TTYPORT 0x17755U

	volatile char *port17 = (char)*TTYPORT;
	*port17 = 'o';
	*port17 = 'N';

    
Without the volatile modifier, the compiler would think that the
statement *port17 = 'o'; is redundant and would remove it 
from the object code. The volatile statement prevents the compiler 
optimisation.Alex Arzon.






Examples:


o No example:-( 





See also:



 














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Martin Leslie 




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/typedef.html0000644000076400001440000000560607055334523016007 

The TYPEDEF keyword.






The TYPEDEF keyword.





Every variable has a 
data type. typedef is used to define 
new data type names to make a program more readable to the programmer.


For example:








				|
	main()	                |   main()
        {	                |   {
  	    int money;          |       typedef int Pounds;
            money = 2;          |       Pounds money = 2
        }	                |   } 






These examples are EXACTLY the same to the compiler. But the right hand
example tells the programmer the type of money he is dealing with.



A common use for typedef is to define a boolean data type as below.



Note: Recent C++ compilers have introduced a boolean datatype.











	typedef enum {FALSE=0, TRUE} Boolean

	main ()
        {
	    Boolean flag = TRUE;
	}
        







And as a final example, how about creating a string datatype?








     typedef char *String;
     
     main()
     {
         String Text = "Thunderbird";
       
         printf("%s\n", Text);
     }
     







The main use for typedef seems to be defining 
structures. For example:








	typedef struct {int age; char *name} person;
	person people;








Take care to note that person is now a type specifier and NOT a
variable name.

                                          
As a final note, you can create several data types in one hit. 







	typedef int Pounds, Shillings, Pennies, Dollars, Cents;  













Examples:


Here is a rather heavy example of typedef.





Notes:

I would expect to see 'typedef' in header files.















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               c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/const.html0000644000076400001440000001026707055334534015476 
The const keyword.










The const keyword.






The const keyword is used to create a read only variable. Once initialised,
the value of the variable cannot be changed but can be used just like
any other variable. 


const syntax











        main()
        {
            const float pi = 3.14; 
        }










The const keyword is used as a qualifier to the following data types - 
int float char double struct. 










        const int   degrees = 360; 
        const float pi      = 3.14; 
        const char  quit    = 'q'; 











const and pointers.


Consider the following example.










        void Func(const char *Str);

        main()
        {
            char *Word;

            Word = (char *) malloc(20);

            strcpy(Word, "Sulphate");
          
            Func(Word);
        }
        
        void Func(const char *Str)
        {
        }










The const char *Str tells the compiler that the DATA the
pointer points too is const. This means, Str can be changed
within Func, but *Str cannot. As a copy of the pointer is passed to Func,
any changes made to Str are not seen by main....











            --------
           | Str    |  Value can be changed
            -----|--
                 |
                 |
                 V
            --------
           | *Str   | Read Only - Cannot be changed.
            --------












Geeky Stuff


It is still possible to change the contents of a 'const' variable.
Consider this program it creates
a const variable and then changes its value by accessing the data by
another name.


I am not sure if this applies to all compilers, but, 
you can place the 'const' after the datatype, for example:










        int   const degrees = 360; 
        float const pi      = 3.14; 
        char  const quit    = 'q'; 











are all valid in 'gcc'.



More Geeky Stuff


What would you expect these to do?










        main()
        {
            const char * const Variable1;
            char const * const Variable2;
        };










These both make the pointer and the data read only. 
Here are a few more examples.










  const int   Var;           /* Var is constant */
  int const   Var;           /* Ditto */
  int * const Var;           /* The pointer is constant, 
                              * the data its self can change. */
  const int * Var;           /* Var can not be changed. */  
                           














See Also.

o
#define preprocessor



o
C++ version of
const





An Example.

o
 const example.















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/namespace.html0000644000076400001440000000164007055334504016274 XXX











XXXX





XXXX 








Examples:


 example 
program.




See Also:



malloc function.
















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/goto.html0000644000076400001440000000236407055334523015315 The GOTO keyword.









The GOTO keyword.





Well, I have resisted adding goto for a whole year. But tonight
I have had a couple of beers and 
I am ready to go for it. It must be said 
that most programmers will claim that 
goto is never required and I dont have reason to disagree, but 
you may like to differ.


goto syntax



	goto lab1;

	lab1:


goto allows the program to 'jump' to a named label, in this case lab1,
the target label MUST be terminated with a : (colon).





An Example.


goto example.
 














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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/fork1.c0000644000076400001440000000076707055334536014656 
#include 

main()
{

  pid_t   ForkPID;
  
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					 */

  /* ForkPID == -1 Fork failure.
   *         ==  0 This is the child process.
   *	      >  0 This is the parent process. The number given is the
   *               PID of the child.
   */

  printf("forkPID is %d \n", ForkPID);	/* Child execution starts here. */
  printf("Program end. \n");
}  
  
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/macros.html0000644000076400001440000000421607055334521015625 Macros









Macros







Macros are built on the #define 
preprocessor.

Normally a #define would look like:

	#define PI 3.142


But, a macro would look like this.

	#define SQUARE(x) x*x


The main difference is that the first example is a constant and the second 
is an expression. 
If the macro above was used in some code it may look like this:

        #define SQUARE(x)  x*x

        main()
        {
          int value=3;
          printf("%d \n", SQUARE(value));
        }


After preprocessing the code would become:

        main()
        {
          int value=3;
          printf("%d \n", value*value);
        }





Examples:



macro example.




Notes:


    

  • The value passed to SQUARE could have been an 
int
float
or
double

  • Long macros can span multiple lines by using a 
\ followed by a newline
(return).

  • If you are using gcc to compile your code, you can use the -E option to
see the preprocessor output 





See Also:


    

  • #define preprocessor.


  • inline A C++ keyword that provides a better aproch to macros.



















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/idioms.html0000644000076400001440000000471107055334533015630 Idioms









Idioms








Here are some C idioms that may be usefull.



Place \0 at the location pointed to by ptr
then increment ptr










   *ptr++ = '\0';   











Increment ptr then 
place \0 at the location pointed to by ptr










   *++ptr = '\0';   











This program will print its self! I guess its not of any real
use, but I think its clever.










  main(a) {a="main(a) {a=%c%s%c;printf(a,34,a,34);}";printf(a,34,a,34);}  











This is something I saw out on the web. It swaps the value of two
variables without
using a third variable as a temporary store. 










   one ^= two;   
   two ^= one;
   one ^= two;













Have you ever had a SEGV from printf
because you passed a NULL pointer to a %s flag???. This idiom will put
a stop to all that nonsence.










   printf("%s\n", Str ? Str : "Null");   















o
Program swapping the contents of two variables.






See Also:


o
Common Coding Errors.

















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/include_preprocessor.html0000644000076400001440000000254107055334507020575 include preprocessor









include preprocessor.





The include preprocessor will add source code to your existing source. This 
is used to include header files that contain function declarations.
For example:


	#include <stdio.h>
	main()
	printf("hi peeps");
	}


The printf function declaration is held in stdio.h

There are two ways of defining the include files location.

    

  • <>says to the preprocessor that the file is in the system libraries.

    	#include <stdio.h>

    
	

  • ""means that this is a user defined file. Absolute or relative
paths may be defined.

    	#include "myheaders.h"
	#include "/usr/home/leslim/myheaders.h"

    

















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/logical.html0000644000076400001440000000361707055334517015764 Logical AND OR and NOT









Logical AND OR and NOT











Logical AND

In simple terms, && is true (1) if both sides of the expression returns NOT 0.


For Example:

	/* These all return TRUE (1) */

	if (4 && 5) return();

	i=3;
	j=2;
	return( i && j);


The expression is evaluated 'Left to Right' If any part of the expression 
returns ZERO - The evaluation ends. 


THIS CAN CAUSE SERIOUS PROBLEMS.


For example:

	k=0;
	i=3;
	j=2;
	if ( i-i && j++) k=1


The left side (i-i) resolves to 0, so j is not incremented 
and k is not changed. 




Logical OR

OR also evaluates 'Left to Right' and will stop when an expression 
returns true. 

SO WATCH YOUR BACK....



	k=0;
	i=3;
	j=2;
	if ( i+i && j++) k=1


What are j and k going to be when this code is executed?????





Logical NOT


NOT reverses the logical state of its 
operand. If the operand is 0, 1 is 
returned, else 0 is returned.


	!4	/* Returns 0	*/
	!-4	/* Returns 0	*/
	!1	/* Returns 0	*/
	!0	/* Returns 1	*/


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/comma.html0000644000076400001440000000256707055334535015451 The COMMA.







The COMMA.



The comma has two uses. The most comman, is as a parameter seperator
for data types and 
function parameter lists. 
Here is an example:

	main()
    	{
	   char String1[20], String2[]="Outback Pub"; /* data types */
	   strncpy(String1, string2, 7);
	}


The other use is as a series operator which can be seen in use with
the for keyword. An example of the syntax is shown 
in the link below.




Examples:



Example of the series operator.




See also:


Nothing else to see :-(















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C Storage Classes










C Storage Classes.







C has a concept of 'Storage classes' which are used to define the 
scope (visability) and life time of variables and/or functions.


So what Storage Classes are available?






auto
register
static
extern
typedef









auto - storage class

auto is the default storage class for local variables.

	{
            int Count;
            auto int Month;
	}



The example above defines two variables with the same storage class.
auto can only be used within functions, i.e. local variables. 




register - Storage Class

register is used to define local variables that should be stored 
in a register instead of RAM. This means that the variable has a maximum size 
equal to the register size (usually one word) and cant have the unary '&' 
operator applied to it (as it does not have a memory location).

	{
            register int  Miles;
	}


Register should only be used for variables that require quick access - such
as counters. It should also be noted that defining 'register' goes not mean
that the variable will be stored in a register. It means that it MIGHT be stored
in a register - depending on hardware and implimentation restrictions.




static - Storage Class

static is the default storage class for global variables. The two     
variables below (count and road) both have a static storage class.

	static int Count;
        int Road;

        {
            printf("%d\n", Road);
        }


static variables can be 'seen' within all functions in this source file. At
link time, the static variables defined here will not be seen by the object 
modules that are brought in.

'static' can also be defined within a function! If this is done the variable
is initalised at run time but is not reinitalized when the function is called.
This is serious stuff - tread with care.


	{
	    static Count=1;
        }


Here is an example



There is one very important use for 'static'. Consider this bit of code.

        char *func(void);

        main()
        {
            char *Text1;
            Text1 = func();
        }

        char *func(void)
        {
            char Text2[10]="martin";
            return(Text2);
        }



Now, 'func' returns a pointer to the memory location where 'text2' starts
BUT text2 has a storage class of 'auto' and will disappear when we exit the
function and could be overwritten but something else. The answer is to specify

	static char Text[10]="martin";


The storage assigned to 'text2' will remain reserved for the duration if the 
program.





C++ has overloaded static, here
are the details.




extern - storage Class

extern defines a global variable that is visable to ALL object 
modules. When you use 'extern' the variable cannot be initalized as 
all it does is point the variable name at a storage location that has 
been previously defined.





Source 1


Source 2






extern int count;			int count=5;

write()					main()
{					{
    printf("count is %d\n", count);         write();
}					}




test






Count in 'source 1' will have a value of 5. If source 1 changes the 
value of count - source 2 will see the new value. Here are some example 
source files.


Source 1

Source 2


The compile command will look something like.


	gcc source1.c source2.c -o program






See Also:

Data types.
















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/static.htm0000644000076400001440000000571507055334502015460 static functions











static functions








static functions are functions that are only visable to other
functions in the same file. Consider the following code.






main.c






   #include 

   main()
   {
     Func1();   

     Func2();
   }
   












funcs.c






   /*************************************
    *
    * Function declarations (prototypes).
    *
    *************************************/

   /* Func1 is only visable to functions in this file. */   

   static void Func1(void);

   /* Func2 is visable to all functions. */

   void Func2(void); 

   /*************************************
    *
    * Function definitions
    *
    *************************************/
       
   void Func1(void)
   {
     puts("Func1 called");
   }
   
   /*************************************/
   
   void Func2(void)        
   {
     puts("Func2 called");
   }
   









If you attempted to compile this code with the following
command,












   gcc main.c funcs.c   











it will fail with an error simular to.....












   undefined reference to `Func1'  











Because 'Func1' is declared as static
and cannot be 'seen' by 'main.c'.





Notes:

For some reason, static has different
meanings in in different contexts.

    

  1.  When specified on a function declaration, it makes the
function local to the file.

    

  2.  When specified with a variable inside a function, it
allows the vairable to retain its value between calls to
the function. See
static variables.


It seems a little strange that the same keyword has such
different meanings.... 






See Also:



static variables




C++ extensions for static


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/if.html0000644000076400001440000000535107055334533014743 if-else keywords.











The 'if' and 'else' keywords








The if-else statement is a two-way decision statement. It is written as
	

	if ( expression )	statement1;
	[else			statement2;]



The else portion is optional. If the expression evaluates to 
true
(anything other than 0) then statement1 is executed. If there is an else 
statement and the expression evaluates to 
false
statement2 is executed. 

For example


(1)
	int NumberOfUsers;
	.
	.
	if( NumberOfUsers == 25 )
        {				/* No else part */
	  printf( "There are already enough users. Try later.\n" );
	  return ERROR;
        }
	.
	.


(2)	if( a >= b )	larger = a;	/* else part is present */
	else		larger = b;



Consider this code fragment:

	if( p == 1 )
	  if( q == 2 )	r = p * 2 + q;
        else r = q * 2 + p;


Because the else part is optional, there is an ambiguity when an else is 
omitted from a nested if sequence. In 'C', this is resolved by associating 
the else with the closest previous if that does not have an else. 
Therefore, in the above example, the else part belongs to the if(q==2)  
statement.

The code can be made more readable by explicitly putting parentheses in 
the expression, like this


	if( p == 1 )
        {
	  if( q == 2 )	r = p * 2 + q;
        }
	else r = q * 2 + p;

		OR

	if( p == 1 )
        {
	  if( q == 2 )	r = p * 2 + q;
	  else r = q * 2 + p;
        }



Because the statement in the else part can also be an if statement, a 
construct such as shown below is possible in 'C' to create a multiple 
choice construct.


	if( expression1 )
	  statement1;
	else if( expression2 )
	  statement2;
	else if( expression3 )
	  statement3;
	.
	.
	else
	  statementN;






Example:


 Basic if example.





See also:
















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Vinay Kanitkar

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/union.html0000644000076400001440000000362507055334524015477 The UNION keyword.







The UNION keyword.




The union keyword allows several 
variables of different type and size to occupy the same storage location.


The syntax to define a union is simular to the
struct keyword as shown below:




	union union_def { int a; float b; char c;} ;



and a variable declared with either of these statements:


	union union_def union_var;
	union { int a; float b; char c;} union_var;



If you wish to initalise a variable you can say:


	union { int a; float b; char c;} union_var=97;



By default the first variable (a) is initalised.



To assign a value to a variable you can say:


	union_var.b=99.99;
	union_var.a=34;
	union_var.c='x';


It's important to note that the storage will only hold ONE value, 
looking at the
three lines above, union_var.a overwrites union_var.b and 
then union_var.c overwrites union_var.a




I have yet to see more than one use for this keyword.



Examples:


 Here is an example.





See also:


 















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/preprocessors.html0000644000076400001440000000421707055334505017255 C compiler preprocessors









C compiler preprocessors






Preprocessor commands are executed before the compiler compiles the
source code. These commands will change the original code usually to 
suit the operating environment and/or to add code that will be required by
calls to library functions. Preprocessors are recognised by the leading 
# in their names. 




Preprocessors


#include Insert a source file.


#define Define a preprocessor
constant.


#if Branch based on an expression.


#ifdef Branch if preprocessor constant has been defined?


#ifndef  Branch is a preprocessor
constant has NOT been defined.


#line  Specify the number of the next source line.


#undef  Remove a preprocessor constant.


#pragma Perform an implementation dependent action???


#else  Executed if #if
#ifdef or #ifndef fails.


#error  Write an error message.


#elif  Executed when an #if fails.


#endif Close #if #ifdef or
#ifndef





Notes:


    

  • Preprocessors should start in column 1.

  • The -E option tells gcc to stop after the preprocessor stage and send the 
O/P to STDOUT (usually the screen).


















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/enum.html0000644000076400001440000000472507055334514015314 The enum statement









The enum statement







ENUM is closely related to the #define
preprocessor.

It allows you to define a list of aliases which represent integer numbers. For
example if you find yourself coding something like:

        #define MON 1 
        #define TUE 2 
        #define WED 3 


You could use enum as below.

        enum week { Mon=1, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri Sat, Sun} days;
  or
        enum escapes { BELL   = '\a', BACKSPACE = '\b', HTAB = '\t',
                       RETURN = '\r', NEWLINE   = '\n', VTAB = '\v' };
                       
  or     
        enum boolean { FALSE = 0, TRUE };
 



An advantage of enum over #define is that it has 
scope
This means that the variable (just like any other) is only visable 
within the block it was declared within.





Notes:


    

  • If a variable is 
defined
with enum it is considered by
the compiler to be an integer, and can have ANY integer value assigned
to it, it is not restericted to the values in the enum statement.







See Also:


 C++ Enhancements to enum.

#define preprocessor.





Examples:



enum example 1.


enum example 2.



enum coding error.



Another enum coding error.



enum and #define coding error.
















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/glo_int_vars.html0000644000076400001440000001077707055334506017043 Global and Local variables declaration.









Global and Local variables.









Local variables

Local variables must always be 
defined
at the top of a block.



C++ has changed the rules regarding where you can define a
local variable. 
Click here
for the low down.



When a local variable is 
defined 
- it is not initalised by the system, you
must initalise it yourself.

A local variable is 
defined
 inside a block and is only visable 
from within the block.











   main()
   {
       int i=4;
       i++;
   }












When execution of the block starts the variable is
available, and when the block ends the variable 'dies'.

A local variable is visible within nested blocks unless a variable with 
the same name is 
defined
 within the nested block.











   main()
   {
       int i=4;
       int j=10;
       
       i++;
      
       if (j > 0)
       {
          printf("i is %d\n",i);      /* i defined in 'main' can be seen      */
       }
     
       if (j > 0)
       {
          int i=100;                  /* 'i' is defined and so local to 
                                       * this block */
          printf("i is %d\n",i);      
       }                              /* 'i' (value 100) dies here            */
     
       printf("i is %d\n",i);         /* 'i' (value 5) is now visable.        */
   }
















Global variables



C++ has enhanced the use of 
 global variables.



Global variables ARE initalised by the system when you 
define
 them!







 Data Type   Initialser  


   int       0     


   char      '\0'  


   float     0     


   pointer   NULL  








In the next example i is a global variable, it can be seen and modified by
 main and any other functions that may reference it. 











   int i=4;
   
   main()
   {
       i++;
   }













Now, this example has global and Internal variables.











   int i=4;          /* Global definition   */
   
   main()
   {
       i++;          /* global variable     */
       func
   }

   func()
   {
       int i=10;     /* Internal declaration */
       i++;          /* Internal variable    */
   }













i in main is global and will be incremented to 5. i in
func is internal and will be incremented to 11. When control returns
to main the internal variable will die and and any reference to
i will
be to the global.



static variables can be 'seen' within all functions in this source file. At
link time, the static variables defined here will not be seen by the object 
modules that are brought in.




Example:


An Example program.



See Also:

See Storage classes to see the more powerfull 
features of variable declarations.















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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/break.html0000644000076400001440000000207207055334512015423 The break statement











The break statement.







This statement allows the program to escape from for, 
while,
do ... while loops and switch structures.



It should NOT be used to escape from an if block.






Examples




 Switch example.















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Null







NULL





NULL is used in several ways.

    

  • As a pointer to address zero. NULL is defined in several ANSI headers 
as the 
symbolic constant
(void *)0. Zero is often returned from 
functions that normaly return a pointer to signal an error. It is therefore
conveniant to compare a function return code with NULL to catch errors.

    	if ((fp=fopen("/etc/hosts","r") == NULL)
        {
          exit(0);
        }

    

    

  • To mark the end of a character string. A null character is used to 
terminate the string. For example if you coded:

    	char * text="abc";

    
You will actually reserve FOUR bytes containing in ASCII hex.

    	61 62 63 00
	 a  b  c \0

    
The null at the end can be coded by using the 
escape sequence '\0'.




\0 is actually an octal escape sequence, 
strictly speeking it should
be written as \000





ANSI headers

The following headers define NULL.

    

  • locale.h

  • stddef.h

  • stdio.h

  • stdlib.h

  • string.h

  • string.h

  • time.h



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/syntax_p.html0000644000076400001440000000467407406420626016220 


   
   
   C Syntax




    

    


    

    The following items highlight the main areas of C syntax.

    

    If your browser can support JavaScript click
here.

    



    

    

    
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Index

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/sizeof.html0000644000076400001440000000463507055334524015650 The sizeof operator





    

    

    The sizeof operator
    

    

    

    
sizeof will return the number of bytes reserved for a variable or 
data type. 

    
The following code shows sizeof returning the length of a data type. 

    

    

    


    
        /* How big is an int? expect an answer of 4. */
	
	main()
 	{
	   printf("%d \n", sizeof(int));
        }

    
    		

    

    

    
	   
sizeof will also return the number of bytes reserved for a 
structure.

    

    

    


    
        /* Will print 8 on most machines. */
	
        main()
	{
	  struct 
	  {
	    int a;
	    int b;
	  } TwoInts;
	
	printf("%d \n", sizeof(TwoInts));
	}
	

    
    		

    

    

    
Finally, sizeof will return the length of a variable. 


    

    

    


    
	main()
	{
	  char String[20];
	  
	  printf ("%d \n", sizeof String);
 	  printf ("%d \n", sizeof (String));
        }


    
    		

    

    

    
In the example above I have printed the size of 'String' twice. This is to 
show that when dealing with variables, the brackets are optional. 

I recommend that you always place the brackets around the sizeof argument.

    

    

    Examples:
    
Example 1 Data types.

    
Example 2 Data objects.


    

    

    See also:
    

The strlen function.

    

Other operators

    

malloc function.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/continue.html0000644000076400001440000000201307055334514016160 The continue statement





    

    

    The continue statement 
    

    

    
continue allows a new iteration of a loop without the current iteration
completing. For example you could filter records from a file with 
the 'continue' statement.

    

continue example.
    

continue is related to the break
statement.
     


    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/SYNTAX/return.html0000644000076400001440000000411707055334522015661 The return statement





    

    

    The return statement 
    

    

    

    
return will return a value from a function to its caller. 
The value returned is 
the result of an expression.

    

    
As an Example this will print 7


    

    

    


    
        int func(void);

	main()
 	{
	   printf("%d \n", func());
        }

        int func(void)
        {
           return 7;
	}

    
    		

    

    

    
	   
What ever follows the return statement will be evaluated as 
an expression. So, to be consistant you could place brackets around 
the return value.


    

    

    


    
        return(7);

    
    		

    

    

    
Or you could evaluate a formula on the statement:


    

    

    


    
	return (Count-1);

    
    		

    

    

    
Finally, if the function returns a void
the return statement is not required, but maybe needed to 
leave a function before the end of the function block. Here
is an example.


    

    

    


    
	void CheckDate(int)

	main()
	{
	  CheckDate(40)
        }

	void CheckDate(int Month)
	{
	  if (Month > 31)
	  {
	    return;
	  }

	  puts("Month is valid");
        }

    
    		

    

    

    

    

    See also:
    
The exit function.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/TECHNIC/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405230013564 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/TECHNIC/Makefile.am0000644000076400001440000000021707055334710015533 EXTRA_DIST = $(wildcard *.html) $(wildcard *.htm) $(wildcard *.gif)
docs_DATA = $(EXTRA_DIST)

docsdir = $(kde_htmldir)/en/kdevelop/$(subdir)

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/TECHNIC/Makefile.in0000644000076400001440000002371507474405126015561 # KDE tags expanded automatically by am_edit - $Revision: 1.2 $ 
# Makefile.in generated automatically by automake 1.5 from Makefile.am.

# Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
# Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.

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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

@SET_MAKE@

SHELL = @SHELL@

srcdir = @srcdir@
top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
VPATH = @srcdir@
prefix = @prefix@
exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@

bindir = @bindir@
sbindir = @sbindir@
libexecdir = @libexecdir@
datadir = @datadir@
sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
sharedstatedir = @sharedstatedir@
localstatedir = @localstatedir@
libdir = @libdir@
infodir = @infodir@
mandir = @mandir@
includedir = @includedir@
oldincludedir = /usr/include
pkgdatadir = $(datadir)/@PACKAGE@
pkglibdir = $(libdir)/@PACKAGE@
pkgincludedir = $(includedir)/@PACKAGE@
top_builddir = ../../..

ACLOCAL = @ACLOCAL@
AUTOCONF = @AUTOCONF@
AUTOMAKE = @AUTOMAKE@
AUTOHEADER = @AUTOHEADER@

INSTALL = @INSTALL@
INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
INSTALL_HEADER = $(INSTALL_DATA)
transform = @program_transform_name@
NORMAL_INSTALL = :
PRE_INSTALL = :
POST_INSTALL = :
NORMAL_UNINSTALL = :
PRE_UNINSTALL = :
POST_UNINSTALL = :
build_alias = @build_alias@
build_triplet = @build@
host_alias = @host_alias@
host_triplet = @host@
target_alias = @target_alias@
target_triplet = @target@
AMTAR = @AMTAR@
ARTSCCONFIG = @ARTSCCONFIG@
AS = @AS@
AUTODIRS = @AUTODIRS@
AWK = @AWK@
CC = @CC@
CONF_FILES = @CONF_FILES@
CPP = @CPP@
CXX = @CXX@
CXXCPP = @CXXCPP@
DCOPIDL = @DCOPIDL@
DCOPIDL2CPP = @DCOPIDL2CPP@
DCOP_DEPENDENCIES = @DCOP_DEPENDENCIES@
DEPDIR = @DEPDIR@
DLLTOOL = @DLLTOOL@
DPMSINC = @DPMSINC@
DPMSLIB = @DPMSLIB@
EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
GCJ = @GCJ@
GCJFLAGS = @GCJFLAGS@
GLINC = @GLINC@
GLLIB = @GLLIB@
GMSGFMT = @GMSGFMT@
IDL = @IDL@
IDL_DEPENDENCIES = @IDL_DEPENDENCIES@
INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM@
JAR = @JAR@
JAVAC = @JAVAC@
JAVAH = @JAVAH@
JVMLIBS = @JVMLIBS@
KDECONFIG = @KDECONFIG@
KDE_CXXFLAGS = @KDE_CXXFLAGS@
KDE_EXTRA_RPATH = @KDE_EXTRA_RPATH@
KDE_INCLUDES = @KDE_INCLUDES@
KDE_LDFLAGS = @KDE_LDFLAGS@
KDE_PLUGIN = @KDE_PLUGIN@
KDE_RPATH = @KDE_RPATH@
KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE = @KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE@
KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE = @KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE@
KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE = @KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE@
KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE = @KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE@
KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET = @KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET@
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/TECHNIC/technic.html0000644000076400001440000000167407055334710016012 C Technique and Style.


    

    

    C Technique and Style
    

    

This section will probably generate some discussion! Its main aim is to 
make you aware of some areas that can cause problems. These areas can 
be avoided with good technique...



    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

C Keywords

Functions


    

    

    

    

    

     Martin Leslie 


    

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/TECHNIC/itter_rec.html0000644000076400001440000000235207055334710016347 Iteration vs Recursion.


    

    

    Iteration vs Recursion
    

    


Most problems that can be solved with iteration (
for, 
while, 
do 
loops) can
also be solved with recursion. Pros and cons are:

       

    • Iteration code will be faster and will use less resources.

    • Recursion normaly looks more like the original formula.

    
Anyway up, as an example of both technics here is some code to give the 
factorial of a number.
Iteration------
Recursion

    

    

    

    

    

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C Keywords

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     Martin Leslie 


    

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/LIBRARIES/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405225014027 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/LIBRARIES/syscalls.htm0000644000076400001440000000300207055334501016276 

System calls and library calls





    

    

    System calls and library calls
    

    

    

    

I have wondered for sometime what the difference is between
system calls (found in section 2 of the man pages)
and library calls (in section 3).

Its simple...


      

    • system calls are provided by the system
and are executed in the system kernel. They are entry points
into the kernel and are therefore NOT linked into your
program. These are not portable
calls.

    • Library calls include the ANSI C standard library and are
therefore portable. These functions are linked into your program.

    

It is worth noting that, because system calls are part of the
O/S. The program has to make a context switch to the kernel
when they are called and because of this, they have a high
startup overhead. The upside is that the time executing these
routines is assigned to the OS and not the user program.


    

    

    

    

    

    

                  Top

          Master Index

                 Keywords

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    Martin Leslie 

    


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	`test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
	echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
mostlyclean-generic:

clean-generic:

distclean-generic:
	-rm -f Makefile $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES) stamp-h stamp-h[0-9]*

maintainer-clean-generic:
	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
#>- clean: clean-am
#>+ 1
clean: kde-rpo-clean  clean-am

clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am

distclean: distclean-am

distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic distclean-libtool

dvi: dvi-am

dvi-am:

info: info-am

info-am:

install-data-am: install-docsDATA

install-exec-am:

install-info: install-info-am

install-man:

installcheck-am:

maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am

maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic

mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am

mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool

uninstall-am: uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am

.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
	distclean distclean-generic distclean-libtool distdir dvi \
	dvi-am info info-am install install-am install-data \
	install-data-am install-docsDATA install-exec install-exec-am \
	install-info install-info-am install-man install-strip \
	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
	mostlyclean-libtool uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA \
	uninstall-info-am

# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:

#>+ 2
docs-am:

#>+ 6
force-reedit:
		cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/LIBRARIES/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/LIBRARIES/Makefile.in


#>+ 2
final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 2
no-final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
no-final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 3
cvs-clean:
	$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean

#>+ 3
kde-rpo-clean:
	-rm -f *.rpo
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/LIBRARIES/dynamic.htm0000644000076400001440000000225007055334501016071 

User created dynamic libraries





    

    

    User created dynamic libraries
    

    

    

    

Wot is a dynamic library? I hear you ask! Well its a collection of your 
functions, that, when placed into a library are available to all the programs
you write.
    
This is what 
Chris Sawtell
has to say about libraries.

    
These are two types of library, static
and dynamic. dynamic libraries
are the prefered alternative, unfortuanatly I have not got around to
documenting them......


    


    

    

    

    

    

                  Top

          Master Index

                 Keywords

      Functions


    

    

    

    

    

    Martin Leslie 

    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/LIBRARIES/libraries.html0000644000076400001440000000535107055334501016602 

User created libraries/archives





    

    

    User created libraries/archives
    

    

    

    

Wot is a user library? I hear you ask! Well, its a collection of your 
functions, that, when placed into a library are available to all the programs
you write.
    
This is what 
Chris Sawtell
has to say about libraries.

    
There are two types of library, dynamic
and static. Although dynamic libraries
are the prefered alternative (because they are not linked
into your program), here is the method required to create
static libraries....

    
There are several steps required in creating a library.
    

      

    • Create a function.

    • Create an object module of the function.

    • Add the object module to the library/archive.

    • Compile a program that uses the library/archive.

    

    
Here are the four steps in UNIX terms. The function is called reverse 
and the library is called mart.

    

    

    

    

    
 vi reverse.c			     # write your function (no main). 
 gcc -c reverse.c		     # -c just compiles (no link).
 ar -q  libmart.a reverse.o	     # -r == if nessasary replace 
         			     #       an existing function.
 gcc program.c -lmart -L/home/leslim # -l == library to search
				     # -L == Location of the library.

    

    

    

    

    

A few notes:
    

      

    • reverse.c should NOT contain a main.

    • A header file containing the prototype for reverse.c is required.

    • I expected to be able to add /home/leslim to LD_LIBRARY_PATH but 
gcc does not seem to look at this variable for its list of libraries.

    • If you dont want to use the -L option you will have  to place
your library in a directory like /usr/lib.

    • DONT LOOSE THE SOURCE! You cant rebuild the source from the object
module. If you want to make a change at a later date you will want
the source.

    

    
Other usefull commands:

      

    • ar -t libmart.a  == List the Objects in a library.

    

    

    

    See Also:
    





    


    

    

    

    

    

                  Top

          Master Index

                 Keywords

      Functions


    

    

    

    

    

    Martin Leslie 

    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405230013732 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/fractions.c0000644000076400001440000000771707055333567016026 /************************************************************************
 * Author:   M.J. Leslie
 * Purpose:  Add two fractions together.
 * Date:     04-Oct-94
 ************************************************************************/
/******************* Structures *****************************************/

					/* Define a structure to hold the
					 * fraction			*/
struct fract
	{
	int num;			/* Numerator			*/
	int den;                        /* Denominator			*/
	};
/******************* Declare Functions **********************************/

void print_title(void);			/* O/P the title information.	*/

					/* Get the fraction from the
					 * user.			*/
void read_fract(struct fract *);
					/* Add fractions by passing the
					 * whole structure to the function.
					 */
struct fract add_fraction1(struct fract, struct fract);

					/* Add fractions by passing
					 * pointers to the structures.
					 */
void add_fraction2(struct fract *, struct fract *, struct fract *);

					/* Print fractions		*/
void print_fraction(char *, struct fract fraction, char *);

/****************** Main ************************************************/

main ()
   {
					/* Declare the structures that
					 * hold the fractions		*/
   struct fract fract1, fract2, out_fract;

   print_title();			/* airy-fairy title		*/

					/* Get the fraction values
					 * from the user		*/
   read_fract(&fract1);
   read_fract(&fract2);

   puts("\n Passing structure to function gives:");
   print_fraction(" ",fract1, " + ");
   print_fraction("",fract2, " = ");
					/* add the fractions together	*/
   out_fract = add_fraction1(fract1, fract2);
   print_fraction("",out_fract, "\n");

   puts("\n Passing structure pointers to function gives:");
   print_fraction(" ",fract1, " + ");
   print_fraction("",fract2, " = ");
   add_fraction2(&fract1, &fract2, &out_fract);
   print_fraction("",out_fract, "\n");

   return(1);
   }
/************************************************************************/
void print_title(void)
   {
   puts("\n This is a C education program that will add fractions.");
   puts(" It demonstrates the technic of copying structures to ");
   puts(" functions and copying pointers to structures to functions.");
   puts("\n As a by-product the program will ask for two fractions");
   puts(" that are added together and the result put on the screen");
   puts(" ");
   }
/************************************************************************/
void read_fract(struct fract *fract)
   {
   char value[80];

   puts(" ");
   printf(" Please enter the numerator ===> ");
   gets(value);
   fract->num = atoi(value);

   printf(" Please enter the denominator => ");
   gets(value);
   fract->den = atoi(value);
   }
/************************************************************************/
struct fract add_fraction1(struct fract f1, struct fract f2)
   {
   struct fract answer;
					/* get the comman denominator 	*/
   answer.den = f1.den * f2.den;
					/* sort out the numerators	*/
   f1.num = (answer.den / f1.den) * f1.num;
   f2.num = (answer.den / f2.den) * f2.num;
					/* Add up the numerators	*/
   answer.num = f1.num + f2.num;
   return (answer);
   }
/************************************************************************/
void add_fraction2(struct fract *f1, struct fract *f2, struct fract *answer)
   {
					/* Use temps so we do not corrupt
					 * The original values of f1 and
					 * f2				*/
   int temp1, temp2;
					/* get the comman denominator 	*/
   answer->den = f1->den * f2->den;
					/* sort out the numerators	*/
   temp1 = (answer->den / f1->den) * f1->num;
   temp2 = (answer->den / f2->den) * f2->num;
					/* Add up the numerators	*/
   answer->num = temp1 + temp2;
   }
/************************************************************************/
void print_fraction(char * string1, struct fract fraction, char * string2)
   {
					/* Format the fraction with
					 * information strings around it
					 */
   printf("%s%d/%d%s", string1, fraction.num, fraction.den, string2);

   }

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/whiteball.gif0000644000076400001440000000032707055333572016316 GIF89a3瞞YYY߶aaaIIIqqqiii!,T  di0tª@Fp8nGh<$ʑ`aX4
`9N$xHDܖEBy"!;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/numtest.c0000644000076400001440000000213707055333562015517 /**************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: find the smallest and largest numbers from a sequence of numbers.
 * to do:   Change it so it will take any number of numbers from the keyboard.
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    04-Apr-94
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include 

#define MAX_NUM 4

float bignum   (float, float);
float littlenum(float, float);

main()
{
float numbers[MAX_NUM]= {0};
float biggest=0, littlest=999;
int count;

puts("Please enter 4 numbers");
scanf("%f %f %f %f", &numbers[0], &numbers[1], &numbers[2], &numbers[3]);                         

for (count = 0; count < MAX_NUM; count++)
   {
   biggest  = bignum(numbers[count], biggest);
   littlest = littlenum(numbers[count], littlest);
   }
printf("Biggest number is %f\n",  biggest);
printf("Littlest number is %f\n", littlest);
}

float bignum( float num1, float num2)
{
if ( num1 > num2)
   return num1;
else
   return num2;
}

float littlenum( float num1, float num2)
{
if ( num1 < num2)
   return num1;
else
   return num2;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/calender.c0000644000076400001440000001123107055333565015573 /*
 * Purpose: To generate a calender.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    19-Mar-94
 */

#include 
#define TRUE  		1
#define FALSE 		0

#define DAYS_IN_A_WEEK 	7
#define MAX_COLS       	6
#define BASE_YEAR	1990		/* Year from which all 
					   calculations are done. 	*/

					/* Function declatations	*/
int calender_month(const int month, const int year);
int start_day(const int month, const int year);
int leap(int);

					/* Global variables.		*/
int days_in_month[]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};

main(int argc, char  *argv[])
{
  int i;				/* General purpose var		*/
  int year;				/* year to start display	*/
  int num_of_months;			/* Number of months		*/
  int start_month;			/* Start month			*/
  int month;				/* Current month		*/
  char *prog=argv[0];			/* Program name			*/

					/* Check we have the
					   program name and 3 parms	*/
  if ( argc != 4)
    {
      puts("\tProgram syntax:");
      printf("\t\t%s start_month start_year num_of_months",prog );
      exit(1);
    }
					/* Dont bother checking if the
					   parms are integers!!		*/

					/* Put command line parms into
					   meaningfull variable names	*/
  start_month   = atoi(argv[1]);
  year          = atoi(argv[2]);
  num_of_months = atoi(argv[3]);

					/* AND OFF WE GO...		*/
  month = start_month;
  for (i=start_month; i < start_month + num_of_months ; i++)
  {
    calender_month(month, year);	/* O/P one month.		*/
    if ( month++ >= 12)			/* Q. End of year?		*/
    {					/* Yes.				*/
      month = 1;
      year++;
    }
  }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    Calender_month                                    */
/*		Display one calender month.				*/
/************************************************************************/

calender_month(const int month, const int year)
{
  int i,j,count;			/* General Purpose variables.	*/

					/* dont forget - arrays start 
					   at zero			*/
  char *days[]=
  {
    " ",
    "Mon",
    "Tue",
    "Wed",
    "Thr",
    "Fri",
    "Sat",
    "Sun"
  };

  char *months[]=
  {
    " ",
    "January",
    "Febuary",
    "March",
    "April",
    "May",
    "June",
    "July",
    "August",
    "September",
    "October",
    "November",
    "December"
  };
		

  int month_map[8][MAX_COLS+1]={0};	/* init array with zeros	*/

  j=start_day(month, year);		/* Get the day the month starts */
					/* Build the calender values 	*/
  i=1;count=0;
  while ( days_in_month[month] > count)
  {
    month_map[j++][i]=++count;		/* Build the table.		*/
					/* Start a new week.		*/
    if ( j > DAYS_IN_A_WEEK)
    {
      j=1;
      i++;
    }
  }
					/* O/P Title bar.		*/
  printf("\n\t\t%s %d\n\n",months[month], year);
					/* O/P the calender	 	*/
  for (j=1; j<=DAYS_IN_A_WEEK; j++)
  {
    printf("\t%s ",days[j]);		/* Day names			*/

    for (i=1; i<=MAX_COLS; i++)
    {
      if ( month_map[j][i] == 0 ) 	/* dates			*/
         {printf ("   ");}
      else
         {printf ("%2d ", month_map[j][i]);}
    }

    puts ("");				/* puts supplies a Newline	*/
  }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    Start_day 	                                */
/*		Work out which day the month starts on.			*/
/************************************************************************/

int start_day(const int month, const int year)
{
  int day=1;				/* 1/1/1990 was a Monday.       */
  int i,j;				/* GP work variable.		*/

					/* Count days in the year.	*/
  i = BASE_YEAR;

  while ( i < year )
  {
    leap(i);				/* Check for leap years		*/
    for (j=1; j<=12; j++) day = day + days_in_month[j];
    i++;
  }

					/* Count upto the month required */
  i=1;
  leap(year);				/* Check for leap years		*/
  while ( i < month )
  {
    day = day + days_in_month[i++];
  }
					/* Get modulo and return it as
					   the start day for this month	*/
  if ( (day = day%7) == 0 ) day = 7;	/* correct 0 to 7		*/
  return ( day );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    leap	 	                                */
/*		Find leap years.                         		*/
/*			Returns 0 - Not a leap year.          		*/
/*			        1 - leap year.          		*/
/************************************************************************/

int leap(int year)
{

        /*
	A leap year follows the following rules:
		if divisable by 4 and not 100 its a leap year.
		if divisable by 400 it is a leap year.
	*/

  if ( (year%4 == FALSE && year%100 != FALSE) || year%400 == FALSE )
  {
    days_in_month[2] = 29;
    return(1);				/* leap year 		*/
  }
  else
  {
    days_in_month[2] = 28;
    return(0);				/* NOT a leap year	*/
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/yesterday.c0000644000076400001440000000513207055333572016030 /************************************************************************
 * 
 * Purpose: By default, display yesterdays date. 
 *	    If a number is given on the command line, it is subtracted
 *	    from todays date and the result printed.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 *
 * Date:    10-Jan-95 
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define  DAYS 1
					/* Validate the command line 
					 * parmeters 			*/
int check_parm(int argc, char *argv[]);	

/************************************************************************/

main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {

   time_t seconds;
   const int one_day = 86400;		/* Number of seconds in a day	*/
   int days=DAYS;			/* Number of days to subtract.	*/


					/* Checkout the cmd line parms  */
   if (check_parm( argc, argv))	
      {
					/* Data is OK. 
					 * Override the default.	*/
      days = atoi(argv[1]);	
      }
                   			/* Get current calendar time.
   					 * This is the number of seconds
					 * since 1-jan-1970		*/
   time(&seconds);

					/* Subtract the required number
					 * of days.			*/
   seconds -= one_day*days;

					/* Return the required date.	*/
   printf("%s", ctime(&seconds));
   
					/* All done - time to go home.	*/
   exit(1);
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	Validate the data enter on the command line.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
int check_parm(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   if (argc > 1 )                       /* Q. Have we got parms?        */      
     {
     if ( !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))	/* Q. Help requested?		*/
       {
					/* Y.				*/
       printf("%s will return the date of a passed day.", argv[0]);	
       puts("\nFor example:");
       printf("\t%s    \tReturns yesterdays date.\n", argv[0]);
       printf("\t%s 1  \tReturns yesterdays date.\n", argv[0]);
       printf("\t%s 365\tReturns the date one year ago.\n\n", argv[0]);
       exit(0);
       }
                                        /* Do a simple check to validate
                                         * the I/P data - not 100% reliable
                                         */
     if (!isdigit(*argv[1]))
        {
                                        /* Data naff.
                                         * End the program.             */
        printf("%s: Numeric value required.\n", argv[0]);
        printf("\n\tTry: %s -h for some info.\n\n", argv[0]);
        exit(0);
        }
     return(1);
     }
   return(0);
   }
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/ljust.c0000644000076400001440000000003607055333572015156 main()
{
  int*a=0;
  *a=1;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/unix2dos.c0000644000076400001440000000147307055333560015573 /*************************************************************************
 * 
 * problem: Convert Unix files to DOS format.
 * Method:  Program scans for hex '0A' (LF) and replaces it with hex '0D0A' (CRLF)
 * todo:	 Prompt the user for a filename, and check it exists.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    12-Mar-94
 *
 *************************************************************************/

#include 			/* printf, putchar, fopen, fclose */

#define LF	 10
#define CR	 13
#define FILENAME "unix2dos.c"

main()
{
FILE *fptr;				/* Pointer to file		*/
char ch;				/* File buffer			*/

fptr = fopen(FILENAME, "r");

while ( (ch = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF )	/* read characters until EOF 	*/
   {
   if ( ch == LF ) printf("%c", CR);	/* add CR if we see an LF	*/
   putchar(ch);				/* write byte		  	*/
   }
fclose(fptr);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/problems.html0000644000076400001440000001634407055333564016374 


   
   
   C programming problems




    

    

    
C programming problems
    


    

    Here are few problems to try out your C skills on. 

    

    

    

    


    
Produce a multiplication table. Top left hand corner will show 1x1 and
bottom right shows 12x12, as below.
    


        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12 
    2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18  20  22  24 
    3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30  33  36 
    4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36  40  44  48 
    5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45  50  55  60 
    6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54  60  66  72 
    7  14  21  28  35  42  49  56  63  70  77  84 
    8  16  24  32  40  48  56  64  72  80  88  96 
    9  18  27  36  45  54  63  72  81  90  99 108 
   10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 100 110 120 
   11  22  33  44  55  66  77  88  99 110 121 132 
   12  24  36  48  60  72  84  96 108 120 132 144
    


    
Answer 1
    


    
Answer 2 

    


    

    


    
Produce an Ascii convertion table.
    


    
Answer 1
    


    
Answer 2 

    


    

    


    
Convert unix files to DOS format.
    


    
Unix records are terminated with x'0a'
    


    
DOS records are terminated with x'0d0a'
    


    
Answer 

    


    

    


    
'for' problem. Count from 1 to 32 and list the range of unsigned integer
numbers that can be stored in each collection of bits. I.E 8 bits can hold
the range 0 to 255.
    


    
Answer 

    


    

    


    
Random numbers. Produce a sequence of six random numbers between 1 and
49. These can then be used to play the National lottery (in England). The
odds on getting the right numbers are 13,983,816 to 1 - GOOD LUCK SUCKER.
    


    
Answer should look like:
    


            Possible winning ticket numbers are 7 8 9 33 34 43
    


    

    

    


    
Take the previous 'lotto' program and add code so duplicate numbers are
filtered out and the results are sorted (use qsort).
    


    
Answer 

    


    

    


    
Here is a problem you can solve with an integer array. Generate the Fibonacci
sequence. Starting with 0, 1 add them up then take the result and add it
to the last number and repeat.
    


    
Answer should look
like:
    


    0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181
    


    
Answer
taken from 'Practical C' from O'Reilly and Associates. 

    


    

    


    
Functions - write a program that calls bignum() and littlenum() which determine,
respectively, the highest and the smallest of a sequecnce of numbers read
in from the terminal.
    


    
Answer 

    



    

    

    


    
Structures - Use structures to add two fractions together.
    


    
Answer 

    


    

    


    
Write a calendar program
    


    
Answer
    



    

    

    

    


    
Print the name of the program thats executing.
    


    
Answer 

    


    

    


    
Produce a program that will display a file in hex format as below. Most
versions of Unix have 'od' but this dump format is more usefull.
    


       20 2A 20 68 65 78 5F 63 68 61 72 28 63 68 61 72     * hex_char(char
   20 2A 70 6F 73 69 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 63 68 61 72     *position, char
   20 63 29 0A 20 20 20 7B 0A 20 20 20 73 70 72 69     c).   {.   spri
   6E 74 66 28 70 6F 73 69 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 22 25    ntf(position, "%
   30 32 58 20 22 2C 20 63 29 3B 20 0A 0A 09 09 09    02X ", c); .....
    


    
Answer 

    


    

    


    
Print yesterdays date. You can use the ANSI standard functions 'time' and
'ctime'. An example of the O/P from my program is.
    


            Fri Mar 17 18:46:47 1995
    


    
Answer 

    


    

    


    
Display a byte in binary format. For example:
    


            55 == 00110111
    
Things like << <<= & can be used to solve this problem.

    
Answer
    

    


    

    

    
Top

Master Index

C Keywords

Functions

    

    


    

    

    
Martin Leslie

    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/bits.c0000644000076400001440000000232307055333560014754 #include 
#include 
main ()
   {
   long int i=1,j=i;

					/* title			*/
   puts("Bits\tRange");
   puts("----\t-----");
					/* O/P data and calc the next 
					 * set of values		*/
   for (i=1; i<=32; i++)
      {
      printf("%2ld\t0-%12lu\n", i, j*=2);
      }
   }
/************************************************************************
 * Bits    Range
 * ----    -----
 *  1      0-           1
 *  2      0-           3
 *  3      0-           7
 *  4      0-          15
 *  5      0-          31
 *  6      0-          63
 *  7      0-         127
 *  8      0-         255
 *  9      0-         511
 * 10      0-        1023
 * 11      0-        2047
 * 12      0-        4095
 * 13      0-        8191
 * 14      0-       16383
 * 15      0-       32767
 * 16      0-       65535
 * 17      0-      131071
 * 18      0-      262143
 * 19      0-      524287
 * 20      0-     1048575
 * 21      0-     2097151
 * 22      0-     4194303
 * 23      0-     8388607
 * 24      0-    16777215
 * 25      0-    33554431
 * 26      0-    67108863
 * 27      0-   134217727
 * 28      0-   268435455
 * 29      0-   536870911
 * 30      0-  1073741823
 * 31      0-  2147483647
 * 32      0-  4294967295
 */
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/ascii1.c0000644000076400001440000000070707055333572015173 /************************************************************************
 * 
 * problem: Display an Ascii table. Basic version
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    12-Mar-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 			/* printf, putchar, fopen, fclose */

main()
{
int count;

for (count=0; count<=127; count++) 
   {
   printf("%2x %c \n", count, count); 	/* O/P hex and character formats */
   }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/ascii2.c0000644000076400001440000000376407055333561015200 /************************************************************************
 *
 * problem: Display an Ascii table. Fab version
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    12-Mar-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 			/* printf, putchar, fopen, fclose */

					/* Function declarations	*/
int ascii(int);

main()
{
ascii('h');				/* ascii table in Hex		*/
ascii('d');				/* ascii table in decimal	*/
ascii('r');				/* test invalid option		*/
}

/*************************************************************************
	O/P an ascii table 						
	Parms:	int - O/P type 'h' hex  
			       'd' decimal
			           any other value not allowed.
	Return codes: 0 = OK
		      1 = Invalid parms passed.				
*************************************************************************/

#define LINEBREAK 8
#define FALSE     0
#define TRUE      1

int ascii(int type)
{
int  ascii, inc=0;				
char ch;				/* 'ascii' in char format.	*/
char format[10];			/* Format statement for printf  */

					/* Are we to O/P in hex or decimal?
					   h - hex
					   d - decimal */
switch(type)
   {
   case 'h' : strcpy(format,"%02X %c  ");	/* hex     */
		break;
   case 'd' : strcpy(format,"%03d %c  ");	/* decimal */
		break;
   default :  printf("\n Function syntax:\n");    /* error   */
              printf("    ascii('h') for hex O/P\n");
              printf("    ascii('d') for decimal O/P\n");
	      return(1);
   }
					/* O/P a table heading		*/
printf("\n\tAscii table");
printf("\n\t-----------\n\n");

					/* O/P the table		*/
for (ascii=0; ascii<=127; ascii++) 	/* loop through the Ascii codes */
   {
					/* Check that the character is 
					   printable...			*/	
   ch = ascii;
   if ( isprint(ch) == FALSE )
      ch = ' ';				/* Replace with ' ' if not printable */

   printf(format, ascii, ch);  		/* O/P numeric and character format */
   
					/* count # of codes O/P and insert
					   L/F when required		*/	
   if ( ++inc%LINEBREAK == 0 ) printf("\n");
   }
return(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/computer.gif0000644000076400001440000000063707055333572016205 GIF89a(,/OOp22R-ͅ?!,(,I8ͻ d Vg{:tsM&ݮq&]Kw=WX%]Q@l0,&j=ptȶogM@uwq{=~nz18me]c2RdycxrwdÇfӭ+w؇#D˥g=wD#|n$F1"A
;'pI	,0CMq	/C+@h0ŏ#2PAbZT͋:SrC?D93EL˜TlX]e^v;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/array_prob.c0000644000076400001440000000145607055333561016162 /*************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Numerical exercise with integer arrays. Starting with 0, 1 add 
 * 	    them up then take the result and add it to the last number and 
 * 	    repeat.
 * 
 * 	    For example:
 * 
 * 		0 + 1 = 1
 * 		1 + 1 = 2
 * 		1 + 2 = 3 
 * 
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    04-Apr-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

#define ITTERATIONS 20
				/* NO COMMENTS! can you figure it out? */
main()
{
int num[3]={0,1};
int count1, count2;

printf("%d %d ", num[0], num[1]);

for (count1=0; count1 < ITTERATIONS-2; count1++)
   {
   num[2] = num[0] + num[1];
   printf("%d ",num[2]);
   for (count2 =0; count2 < 2; count2++) num[count2] = num[count2+1];
   }
puts("");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/times1.c0000644000076400001440000000235207055333561015220 /*
 * Purpose: To display the times table.
 * Author:  M J leslie
 * Date:    26-Feb-94
 */

main()
   {
				/* Define the variables 	*/
   int count1,count2;		/* General purpose counters 	*/
   int value;			/* result of a multiply calc 	*/

   for (count1 = 1 ; count1 <= 12 ; count1++)
      {
      for (count2 = 1 ; count2 <= 12 ; count2++)
         {
         value = count1 * count2;
         printf ("%3d ",value);
         }
      printf("\n");
      }
   }

/****************************************************************
 *
 * Here is the O/P from the program.
 *
 *  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12 
 *  2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18  20  22  24 
 *  3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30  33  36 
 *  4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36  40  44  48 
 *  5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45  50  55  60 
 *  6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54  60  66  72 
 *  7  14  21  28  35  42  49  56  63  70  77  84 
 *  8  16  24  32  40  48  56  64  72  80  88  96 
 *  9  18  27  36  45  54  63  72  81  90  99 108 
 * 10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 100 110 120 
 * 11  22  33  44  55  66  77  88  99 110 121 132 
 * 12  24  36  48  60  72  84  96 108 120 132 144 
 *
 ****************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/times2.c0000644000076400001440000000123007055333560015212 /*
Purpose: To display the times table. Fabber version with annotation.
Author:  M J leslie
Date:    26-Feb-94
*/

main()
{
				/* Define the variables			*/
int count1,count2;		/* General purpose counters 		*/
int value;			/* result of a multiply calc 		*/

				/* O/P a top bar			*/
printf("     "); 
for (count1 = 1 ; count1 <= 12 ; count1++)
   {
   printf ("%3d ",count1);
   }
printf("\n\n");

				/* O/P the table with a side bar.	*/

for (count1 = 1 ; count1 <= 12 ; count1++)
   {
   printf("%2d   ",count1); 
   for (count2 = 1 ; count2 <= 12 ; count2++)
      {
      value = count1 * count2;
      printf ("%3d ",value);
      }
   printf("\n");
   }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/times3.c0000644000076400001440000000020507055333561015215 #include 

main()
{
  unsigned Inc;

  for (Inc=1; Inc <= 144; Inc++)
  {
    printf("%3d%c", Inc, (Inc%12)?' ':'\n');
  }

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/hexdump1.c0000644000076400001440000001275007055333571015555 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To display a file in (mainframe) dump format as shown below.
 *
 *      20 2A 20 68 65 78 5F 63 68 61 72 28 63 68 61 72     * hex_char(char
 *      20 2A 70 6F 73 69 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 63 68 61 72     *position, char
 *      20 63 29 0A 20 20 20 7B 0A 20 20 20 73 70 72 69     c).   {.   spri
 *      6E 74 66 28 70 6F 73 69 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 22 25    ntf(position, "%
 *      30 32 58 20 22 2C 20 63 29 3B 20 0A 0A 09 09 09    02X ", c); .....
 * 
 * Syntax:  hexdump filename
 *
 * Method:  The program fills a variable (line) with the data, when 
 *	    the variable is full - it is sent to STDOUT.
 *	    Unprintable charcters are converted to '.' in the ASCII 
 *	    display on the right.
 *
 * Bugs:    If the last line of the dump is full, the program will 
 *	    follow it with a blank line. Not exactly a serious bug
 *	    but you are welcome to fix it.
 *
 * To do:   o Highlight '0A' (end of line) - seems like a good idea.
 *	    o Get it to read directories.
 *	    o Remove the directory info from argv[0] (if present).
 *	    o Add a column showing the byte offset.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 *
 * Rev	Date		Comments
 * ---  ---------	--------
 * 1.0  08-Feb-94	Inital Release.
 *
 * 1.1  12-May-95	Original only worked for the hex range 00-7F
 *			This version supports 00-FF. 
 *			Thanks to Emmanuel Guyot for the fix.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

#define HEX_OFFSET    1
#define ASCII_OFFSET 51
#define NUM_CHARS    16

/************************************************************************/

void   hexdump    (char* prog_name, char * filename);

					/* Clear the display line.	*/
void   clear_line (char *line, int size);

					/* Put a character (in hex format
					 * into the display line.	*/
char * hex_char   (char *position, int c);

					/* Put a character (in ASCII format
					 * into the display line.	*/
char * ascii_char (char *position, int c);

/************************************************************************/

main(int argc, char * argv[])
   {
   char *prog_name="hexdump";

   if (argc != 2)
      {
      printf("\n\t%s syntax:\n\n", argv[0]);
      printf("\t\t%s filename\n\n", argv[0]);
      exit(0);
      }
   
   hexdump( argv[0], argv[1]);
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	The program proper.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
 
void hexdump(char* prog_name, char * filename)
   {
   int c=' ';                		/* Character read from the file	*/

   char * hex_offset;			/* Position of the next character 
					 * in Hex			*/

   char * ascii_offset;			/* Position of the next character 
					 * in ASCII.			*/

   FILE *ptr;                      	/* Pointer to the file. 	*/

   char line[81];		   	/* O/P line.			*/

                                   	/* Open the file 		*/
   ptr = fopen(filename,"r");
   if ( ferror(ptr) )
      {
      printf("\n\t%s: Unable to open %s\n\n", prog_name, filename);
      exit(0);
      }
					/* little heading.		*/
   printf("\n\tHex dump of %s\n\n", filename);

                                   	/* Read one character at a time, 
				    	 * checking for the End of File.
					 * EOF is defined in  	*/
   while (c != EOF )
      {
			           	/* Prepare the variables.	*/		
      clear_line(line, sizeof line);
      hex_offset   = line+HEX_OFFSET;
      ascii_offset = line+ASCII_OFFSET;

      while ( ascii_offset < line+ASCII_OFFSET+NUM_CHARS 
              &&(c = fgetc(ptr)) != EOF  )
         {
			           	/* Build the hex part of 
					 * the line.			*/
         hex_offset = hex_char(hex_offset, c); 

			           	/* Build the Ascii part of 
					 * the line.			*/
         ascii_offset = ascii_char(ascii_offset, c);

         }
					/* Display the current line	*/
      printf("%s\n", line);
      }

   fclose(ptr);                    	/* Close the file.              */
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	Clear the display line.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void clear_line(char *line, int size)
   {
   int count;

   for  (count=0; count < size; line[count]=' ', count++);
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	Put a character into the display line and return the location 
 * 	of the next character.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
char * ascii_char(char *position, int c)
   {
					/* If the character is NOT printable
					 * replace it with a '.'	*/
   if (!isprint(c)) c='.';
     
   sprintf(position, "%c", c); 		/* Put the character to the line
					 * so it can be displayed later	*/

					/* Return the position of the next 
					 * ASCII character.		*/
   return(++position);
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	Put the hex value of a character into the display line and 
 *	return the location of the next  hex character.
 *
 ************************************************************************/
char * hex_char(char *position, int c)
   {
   int offset=3;
				/* Format and place the character into 
				 * the display line.	
				 * (unsigned char) required for correct
				 * O/P.					*/

   sprintf(position, "%02X ", (unsigned char) c); 

   *(position+offset)=' '; 	/* Remove the '/0' created by 'sprint'	*/

   return (position+offset);
   }
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/lotto1.c0000644000076400001440000000176007055333562015243 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: First attempt at a lottery number selector.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 * Date:    17-Nov-94
 * Description: Any 6 random numbers from 1 to 49 are displayed. 
 * Futures: Filter duplicates.
 * 	    Sort the result.
 *************************************************************************/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define NUMBERS 6

/************************************************************************/
main()
   {
   int num;

   printf("\n\nLOTTERY CRACKER V1.0\n");
   printf("--------------------\n\n");
   printf("\tPossible winning ticket number is ");
						/* New starting point
						 * for the random numbers
						 */
   srand((unsigned int)time((time_t *)NULL));

						/* Display any 6 numbers.
						 * Duplicates are not filtered.
						 */
   for (num=0; num < NUMBERS; num++) 
      {
      printf(" %02d", (rand()%49)+1);
      }

   puts("");
   puts("");
   }
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/lotto2.c0000644000076400001440000000534407055333570015245 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Second crack at a lottery number selector.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 * Date:   03-Dec-94
 * Description: Any 6 random numbers from 1 to 49 are displayed. 
 *              Duplicates are removed and the results sorted.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

/********** Preprocessor  ***********************************************/
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define NUMBERS 6

/********** Functions ***************************************************/

void display_nums(int *, int);
int comp_nums(const int *, const int *);

/************************************************************************/
main()
   {
   int num[NUMBERS];			/* array holding the selected
					 * numbers			*/
   int count;				/* General  counter		*/
		

   printf("\n\nLOTTERY CRACKER V1.1\n");
   printf("--------------------\n\n");
   printf("\tPossible winning ticket number is ");

					/* New starting point
					 * for the random number generator.
					 */

   srand((unsigned int)time((time_t *)NULL));

					/* Collect Six numbers.	
					 * Filter out duplicats as we go.
					 */
   {
   int dup, count2;
   for (count=0; count < NUMBERS; count++) 
      {
      num[count]=(rand()%49)+1;		/* Get a number.		*/
      dup=0; 				/* Set the duplicate flag to 
					 * NO DUPLICATES		*/
					/* Test latest number with the ones
				 	 * already held.		*/
      for (count2=0 ; count2 < count; count2++)
         {
					/* If match found - set flag.	*/
         if (num[count] == num[count2]) dup++ ;
         }
					/* If flag set - reset the array
					 * index so we overwrite the current
					 * number.			*/
      if (dup > 0 ) count--;
      }
   }
					/* Sort the numbers		*/
   qsort(
	num, 				/* Pointer to elements		*/
	NUMBERS, 			/* Number of elements		*/
	sizeof(int),  			/* size of one element.		*/
	(void *)comp_nums		/* Pointer to comparison function */
	);

   display_nums(num, NUMBERS); 		/* Display the results		*/
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 * comp_nums: Compare two numbers.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int comp_nums(const int *num1, const int *num2)
   {
   return (*num1 - *num2);
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 * display_nums: Display the numbers
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void display_nums(int *array, int count)
   {
					/* Print all the elements of 
					 * the array.               	*/
   while ( count-- ) 
      {
      printf("%d ",*array);
      array++;
      }
   puts("");
   puts("");
   }
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/PROBLEMS/binary_op.c0000644000076400001440000000230607055333572016001 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Display a byte in binary format.
 * 
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 *
 * Date:    19-Mar-95
 *
 * Improvements: 
 *	1) Return the result to the calling function.
 *	2) Make it work on integers (4 bytes long).
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void binary_op(char byte);		/* Print a byte in binary.	*/

/************************************************************************/

main()
   {
   char byte=55;	

   binary_op(byte);			/* Print a byte in binary.	*/
   }

/************************************************************************/

void binary_op(char byte)
   {
   int count=8;				/* Number of bits in a byte.	*/

   while(count--)
      {
					/* AND the high order bit (the
					 * left one) If the bit is set,
					 * print a ONE.			*/
      printf("%d", ( byte & 128 ) ? 1 : 0 );

					/* Move all the bits LEFT.	*/
      byte <<= 1;
      } 

   printf("\n");
   }

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	Program results.
 *	----------------
 *
 *	00110111
 *
 ************************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/c.html0000644000076400001440000000310307055333525013532 


   
   
   C Programming Reference Introduction.




    

    

    
C Programming Reference Introduction.
    


    This document is an attempt at producing a reference guide for the
C programming language. To date, I have found several C tutorials and lessons
on the net but no reference documents. This is not an attempt to replace
the many high quality books available, but does try to provide an on-line
reference that can give answers to questions quickly and without hasle.

    As usual, here is a disclaimer.

    

    
Every effort has been made to ensure all information and examples
are correct BUT no guarantee is implied or intended.

    

    


    
o C
Reference starts here.
    


    

    

    

    

    
Top

Master Index

Keywords

Functions

    

    


    

    

    
Martin Leslie
    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405223013727 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/single_array.c0000644000076400001440000000122107055334576016471 int function1(char* array);

main()
{
					/* The array MUST be initalised
					   otherwise the pointer will not 
					   be defined. 	                */
					/* We have one less so the \0 
					   will fit 			*/
  char array1[10]="987654321";

  function1(array1);			/* Pass the pointer to the array */

  printf("%s\n", array1);			/* O/P the altered array.	*/

}
 
/************************************************************************/
 
function1(char * array)
{
					/* Pass a pointer to the string.*/
  printf("%s\n", array);

  array +=4;				/* Modify the pointer.		*/
  *array = 'x';				/* Modify the data pointed to
					   by 'array'			*/

}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/do.c0000644000076400001440000000103507055334571014412 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'do' statement.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Jan-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int i=1;		/* Define an integer variable.  		*/

			/*
			 * The block is executed. Then the i <= 10 
			 * expression is evaluated. If TRUE the block 
			 * is executed again.
			 */
  do
  {
    printf ("i is %i\n", i);
    i++;
  } while (i <= 10);

}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/if.c0000644000076400001440000000110607055334571014405 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'if' statement.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Feb-94
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int i=1;	/* Define an integer variable. 			*/

		/*
		 * i == 1 expression is evaluated. If TRUE the 
		 * first block is executed.
		 * if i == 1 is FALSE the optional else block 
		 * is executed 					*/

  if (i == 1)
  {
    puts ("i is equal to 1\n");
  }
  else
  {
    puts("i is NOT equal to 1");
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/or.c0000644000076400001440000000173507055334613014434 /****************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To show the effect of a bitwise OR (|) by converting 
 * 	    an ASCII character to its graphic extension equivalent.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 * Date:    04-Mar-95
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

main()
{
					/* Hex 66 (f) looks like this in binary
					 *  
					 * 0110 0110
					 */
  unsigned char value='\x66';

					/* Hex 80 looks like this in binary
					 *
					 * 1000 0000
					 */

  printf("%2X %2X \n", value, (value | (unsigned char)'\x80'));

					/* A bitwise OR has the effect of 
					 * adding wanted bits.      
					 *
					 * 0110 0110 (66) OR
					 * 1000 0000 (80)
					 * --------- 
					 * 1110 0110 (E6)
					 */
}

/****************************************************************************
 *
 * Program results are:
 *
 *	66 E6
 *
 ****************************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/read_file.c0000644000076400001440000000153107055334572015724 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To display a file on the screen  (Unix 'cat' command).
 *	    Version 1
 *
 * to do:   Read file name from command line.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    06-Feb-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int c;				/* Character read from the file.	*/
  FILE *ptr;			/* Pointer to the file. FILE is a
				   structure  defined in 	*/

				/* Open the file - no error checking done */
  ptr = fopen("/etc/hosts","r");
				/* Read one character at a time, checking 
				   for the End of File. EOF is defined 
				   in   as -1 			*/
  while ((c = fgetc(ptr)) != EOF)
  {
    printf("%c",c);		/* O/P the character to the screen	*/
  }

  fclose(ptr);			/* Close the file.			*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/linklst1.c0000644000076400001440000001513607055334622015555 
/************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: To demonstrate 'linked lists' This program will build a
 *	    linked list and place data into it. When the data is exausted
 *	    the contents of the list are O/P.
 *
 *	    This is a "First in First out" (FIFO) list.
 *
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    11-May-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 		/* malloc				*/

/************************************************************************/

struct x {			/* Declare a structure			*/
	char name[20]; 
	int age; 
	struct x *next_rec;
	};

/************************************************************************/

main()
{
  struct x *start_pointer;	/* Define pointers to the structure	*/
  struct x *next_pointer;

				/* Create some data to be placed in the
				 * Linked list.				*/
  char *names[]=
  {
    "Martin",
    "John  ",
    "Alex  ",
    ""
  };

  int ages[]={32, 43, 29, 0};

  int count=0;			/* General purpose counter.		*/

   /*===================================================================*
    =									=
    = 	Build a LINKED LIST and place data into it.			=
    =									=
    *===================================================================*/
       
				/* Initalise 'start_pointer' by reserving 
				 * memory and pointing to it		*/

  start_pointer=(struct x *) malloc (sizeof (struct x));

				/* Initalise 'next_pointer' to point
				 * to the same location.		*/
  next_pointer=start_pointer;

   /*********************************************************************
    *
    *     start_pointer ---
    *                     |
    *                     |
    *                     V
    *			  -----------------
    *			 |        |    |   |
    *			  -----------------
    *                     A
    *                     |
    *                     |
    *      next_pointer ---
    *
    *********************************************************************/

				/* Put some data into the reserved 
				 * memory.				*/

  strcpy(next_pointer->name, names[count]);
  next_pointer->age = ages[count];

   /*********************************************************************
    *
    *     start_pointer ---
    *                     |
    *                     |
    *                     V
    *			  -----------------
    *			 |Martin  | 32 |   |
    *			  -----------------
    *                     A
    *                     |
    *                     |
    *      next_pointer ---
    *
    *********************************************************************/


				/* Loop until all data has been read	*/

  while ( ages[++count] != 0 )
  {
				/* Reserve more memory and point to it	*/

    next_pointer->next_rec=(struct x *) malloc (sizeof (struct x));


      /******************************************************************
       *
       *     start_pointer ---
       *                     |
       *                     |
       *                     V
       *	             -----------------
       *		    |Martin  | 32 | | |
       *		     ---------------|-
       *                     A		    |
       *                     |		    V
       *                     |		    ---------------
       *      next_pointer ---             |               |
       *				    ---------------
       *
       ******************************************************************/

    next_pointer=next_pointer->next_rec;

      /******************************************************************
       *
       *     start_pointer ---
       *                     |
       *                     |
       *                     V
       *	             -----------------
       *		    |Martin  | 32 | | |
       *		     ---------------|-
       *                      		    |
       *                      		    V
       *                      		    ---------------
       *      next_pointer --------------->|               |
       *				    ---------------
       *
       ******************************************************************/

    strcpy(next_pointer->name, names[count]);
    next_pointer->age = ages[count];

      /******************************************************************
       *
       *     start_pointer ---
       *                     |
       *                     |
       *                     V
       *	             -----------------
       *		    |Martin  | 32 | | |
       *		     ---------------|-
       *                      		    |
       *                      		    V
       *                      		    ----------------
       *      next_pointer --------------->|John   | 43 |   |
       *				    ----------------
       *
       ******************************************************************/

  }

  next_pointer->next_rec=NULL;

   /*===================================================================*
    =									=
    = 	Traverse the linked list and O/P all the data within it.	=
    =									=
    *===================================================================*/


  next_pointer=start_pointer;

   /******************************************************************
    *
    *     start_pointer ---
    *                     |
    *                     |
    *                     V
    * 	                  -----------------
    *		         |Martin  | 32 | | |
    *		          ---------------|-
    *                     A	         |
    *                     |		 V
    *                     |		 ----------------
    *      next_pointer ---             |John   | 43 |   |
    *				         ----------------
    *
    ******************************************************************/

  while (next_pointer != NULL)
  {
    printf("%s   ", next_pointer->name);
    printf("%d \n", next_pointer->age);
    next_pointer=next_pointer->next_rec;

      /******************************************************************
       *
       *     start_pointer ---
       *                     |
       *                     |
       *                     V
       *	             -----------------
       *		    |Martin  | 32 | | |
       *		     ---------------|-
       *                      		    |
       *                      		    V
       *                      		    ----------------
       *      next_pointer --------------->|John   | 43 |   |
       *				    ----------------
       *
       ******************************************************************/
  }
   
}

/************************************************************************ 
 *
 *	Program results.
 *
 * Martin   32 
 * John     43 
 * Alex     29 
 *
 ************************************************************************/

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/linklst2.c0000644000076400001440000000525007055334615015554 
/************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: To demonstrate 'linked lists' This program will build a
 *	    linked list and place data into it. When the data is exausted
 *	    the contents of the list are O/P.
 *
 *          This is a "First in First out" (FIFO) list.
 *
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    11-May-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 		/* malloc				*/

/************************************************************************/

struct x {			/* Declare a structure			*/
  char name[20];
  int age;
  struct x *next_rec;
};

/************************************************************************/

main()
{
  struct x *start_pointer;	/* Define pointers to the structure	*/
  struct x *next_pointer;

				/* Create some data to be placed in the
				 * Linked list.				*/
  char *names[]=
  {
    "Martin",
    "John  ",
    "Alex  ",
    ""
  };

  int ages[]={32, 43, 29, 0};

  int count=0;			/* General purpose counter.		*/

   /*===================================================================*
    =									=
    = 	Build a LINKED LIST and place data into it.			=
    =									=
    *===================================================================*/
       
				/* Initalise 'start_pointer' by reserving 
				 * memory and pointing to it		*/

  start_pointer=(struct x *) malloc (sizeof (struct x));

				/* Initalise 'next_pointer' to point
				 * to the same location.		*/
  next_pointer=start_pointer;

				/* Put some data into the reserved 
				 * memory.				*/

  strcpy(next_pointer->name, names[count]);
  next_pointer->age = ages[count];


				/* Loop until all data has been read	*/

  while ( ages[++count] != 0 )
  {
				/* Reserve more memory and point to it	*/

    next_pointer->next_rec=(struct x *) malloc (sizeof (struct x));

    next_pointer=next_pointer->next_rec;


    strcpy(next_pointer->name, names[count]);
    next_pointer->age = ages[count];
  }

  next_pointer->next_rec=NULL;

   /*===================================================================*
    =									=
    = 	Traverse the linked list and O/P all the data within it.	=
    =									=
    *===================================================================*/


  next_pointer=start_pointer;

  while (next_pointer != NULL)
  {
    printf("%s   ", next_pointer->name);
    printf("%d \n", next_pointer->age);
    next_pointer=next_pointer->next_rec;
  }
}

/************************************************************************ 
 *
 *	Program results.
 *
 * Martin   32 
 * John     43 
 * Alex     29 
 *
 ************************************************************************/

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/linklst3.c0000644000076400001440000000546007055334616015561 
/************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: To demonstrate 'linked lists' This program will build a
 *	    linked list and place data into it. When the data is exausted
 *	    the contents of the list are O/P.
 *	    This example shows the use of 'typedef' on linked lists.
 *
 *          This is a "First in First out" (FIFO) list.
 *
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    11-May-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 		/* malloc				*/

/************************************************************************/

				/* Declare a structure and give it a 
				 * data type name with 'typdef'		*/
typedef struct x {			
  char name[20];
  int age;
  struct x *next_rec;
} linklist;

/************************************************************************/

main()
{
  linklist *start_pointer;	/* Define pointers to the structure	*/
  linklist *next_pointer;

				/* Create some data to be placed in the
				 * Linked list.				*/
  char *names[]=
  {
    "Martin",
    "John  ",
    "Alex  ",
    ""
  };

  int ages[]={32, 43, 29, 0};

  int count=0;			/* General purpose counter.		*/

   /*===================================================================*
    =									=
    = 	Build a LINKED LIST and place data into it.			=
    =									=
    *===================================================================*/
       
				/* Initalise 'start_pointer' by reserving 
				 * memory and pointing to it		*/

  start_pointer=(linklist *) malloc (sizeof (linklist));

				/* Initalise 'next_pointer' to point
				 * to the same location.		*/
  next_pointer=start_pointer;

				/* Put some data into the reserved 
				 * memory.				*/

  strcpy(next_pointer->name, names[count]);
  next_pointer->age = ages[count];


				/* Loop until all data has been read	*/

  while ( ages[++count] != 0 )
  {
				/* Reserve more memory and point to it	*/

    next_pointer->next_rec=(linklist *) malloc (sizeof (linklist));

    next_pointer=next_pointer->next_rec;


    strcpy(next_pointer->name, names[count]);
    next_pointer->age = ages[count];
  }

  next_pointer->next_rec=NULL;

   /*===================================================================*
    =									=
    = 	Traverse the linked list and O/P all the data within it.	=
    =									=
    *===================================================================*/


  next_pointer=start_pointer;

  while (next_pointer != NULL)
  {
    printf("%s   ", next_pointer->name);
    printf("%d \n", next_pointer->age);
    next_pointer=next_pointer->next_rec;
  }
}

/************************************************************************ 
 *
 *	Program results.
 *
 * Martin   32 
 * John     43 
 * Alex     29 
 *
 ************************************************************************/

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/pointer_func.c0000644000076400001440000000156307055334576016516 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate passing a pointer to a scalar to 
 *	    a function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    11-Apr-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void add(int*); 			/* Function declaration 	*/

main()
{
  int i=4;				/* variable declaration 	*/
  int* ptr;				/* int pointer			*/

  ptr = &i;				/* 'ptr' now contains the
					   address of 'i'		*/

  printf("i starts out life as %d.\n", i);
  printf("             *ptr is %d.\n", *ptr);

  add(ptr); 				/* Function call       		*/

  printf("            i is now %d.\n", i);
}

/************************************************************************/

void add(int *ptr)	 		/* Function definition 		*/
{
  ++*ptr;				/* Add 1 to the value
					 * pointed too by 'ptr'		*/
  return;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/reverse.c0000644000076400001440000000100307055334600015447 /*********************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Reverse characters in a string.
 * Author:  K&R
 * Date:    
 *
 *********************************************************************/

void reverse(char s[]);

main()
{
  char text[80]="martin";

  printf("string is %s\n", text);
  reverse(text);
  printf("string is %s\n", text);
}

void reverse(char s[])
{
  int c, i, j;
   
  for (i=0, j=strlen(s)-1; i < j;i++, j--)
  {
    c = s[i];
    s[i] = s [j];
    s[j] = c;
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/const.c0000644000076400001440000000057107055334633015141 /******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate const
 * Date:    03-Dec-96
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Descrip: To be written.
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  const int Men=10;

  Men = 20;             /* This will be failed by the compiler. */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/pointer2_func.c0000644000076400001440000000165607055334577016604 /*
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate passing an int array to a function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    14-Apr-94
 */

void add(int swap[3][2]); 		/* Function declaration	*/
void display(int array[3][2]); 		/* Function declaration	*/

main()
{
  int i[3][2]=
  {
    {1,2},			/* array declaration 	*/
    {3,4},
    {5,6}
  };

  display(i);				/* i is a pointer	*/

  add(i);

  display(i);
}

/***************************************************************/

void add(int swap[3][2]) 		/* Function definition 	*/
{
  int temp,i;

  for (i=0; i<3; i++)
  {
    temp       = swap[i][0];
    swap[i][0] = swap[i][1];
    swap[i][1] = temp;
  }
  return;
}

/***************************************************************/

void display(int array[3][2]) 		/* Function definition 	*/
{
  int count=0,count1=0;

  for (count=0;count<3;count++)
    for (count1=0;count1<2;count1++)
      printf("%d ", array[count][count1]);
  puts("");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/clrscr.c0000644000076400001440000000107107055334603015274 /*************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Clear the screen with VT100 escape codes. This can be done
 *          with conio.h on PCs - non standard code. Or curses.h, bit of 
 * 	    a fag...
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 * Date:    22-Jun-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void clrscr(void);

main()
{
    clrscr();
}

void clrscr(void)
{
    printf("\033[2J");		        /* Clear the entire screen.		*/
    printf("\033[0;0f");		/* Move cursor to the top left hand corner */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/bit_shift.c0000644000076400001440000000133607055334613015764 /***********************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Show the 'shift right' operator.
 * 
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 *
 * Date:    19-Mar-95
 *
 ***********************************************************************/

main()
{
    unsigned int bytes=256;	/* 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 */
    do
    {
        printf("%3d \n", bytes);
        bytes >>= 1;		/* 00000000 00000000 00000000 01000000 */
    } while (bytes);
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 *	Program results.
 *	----------------
 *
 * 256 
 * 128 
 *  64 
 *  32 
 *  16 
 *   8 
 *   4 
 *   2 
 *   1 
 *
 ***********************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/and.c0000644000076400001440000000207507055334612014553 /****************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To show the effect of a bitwise AND (&) by converting 
 * 	    an ASCII graphic extension into its character equivalent.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 * Date:    04-Mar-95
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

main()
{
					/*
					 * Hex E6 looks like this in binary
					 *  
					 * 1110 0110
					 *  
					 * UNSIGNED is used to stop C using    
					 * first 1 as an indicator of the sign
					 */
    unsigned char value='\xE6';

					/* Hex 7F looks like this in binary
					 *
					 * 0111 1111
					 */

    printf("%2X %2X \n", value, (value & '\x7F'));

					/* A bitwise AND has the effect of 
					 * filtering unwanted bits. 
					 *
					 * 1110 0110 (E6) AND
					 * 0111 1111 (7F)
					 * --------- 
					 * 0110 0110 (66)
					 */
}
/****************************************************************************
 *
 * Program results are:
 *
 *	E6 66
 *
 ****************************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/dir.c0000644000076400001440000000160107055334613014562 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: List all files in the current directory.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    15-Apr-95
 *
 * Note:    1) This program uses NON ANSI STANDARD functions. You may
 *	       not find them on your platform.
 *	    2) The file names are NOT stored in any particular order.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 			/* Directory information.	*/

main()
{
    DIR           *dir_p;
    struct dirent *dir_entry_p;
   
				/* Open the current directory		*/	
    dir_p = opendir(".");

				/* read each entry until NULL.		*/

    while( NULL != (dir_entry_p = readdir(dir_p)))
    {
				/* print the name of the file held in 
				 * this directory entry.		*/

        printf(" %s \n", dir_entry_p->d_name);
    }

				/* Tidy up.				*/
    closedir(dir_p);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/sprintf1.c0000644000076400001440000000144507055334636015565 /***********************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the * flag limiting a string filed width
 *          in a 'sprintf' statement.
 *
 *          This example shows an alternative way of performing a strncpy.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    18-Mar-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
    char Dest[10] = "";
    char Src[]    = "Ski on Whistler Mountain";
                                                  /* Populate Dest */
    memset  (Dest, 0, sizeof(Dest));
    sprintf (Dest, "%.*s", sizeof(Dest)-1, Src);
                                                  /* Show the results. */
    printf("Src string : %s\n", Src);
    printf("Dest string: %s\n", Dest);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/whiteball.gif0000644000076400001440000000032707055334636016313 GIF89a3瞞YYY߶aaaIIIqqqiii!,T  di0tª@Fp8nGh<$ʑ`aX4
`9N$xHDܖEBy"!;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strncpy.c0000644000076400001440000000231607055334624015514 
/****************************************************************
 * 
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'strncpy' function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    03-Feb-96
 * 
 ****************************************************************/

#include 	/* strcpy */

void SafeCopy(char *Dest, int DestSize, char *Source);

main()
{
    char Text1[20]="Tracy Sorrell";		/* string buffer	*/
    char Text2[10]="Martin";       		/* string buffer	*/

    printf (" Original string contents are: %s\n", Text2);

    SafeCopy(Text2, sizeof(Text2), Text1);
  
    printf (" New string contents are: %s\n", Text2);

    strcpy(Text2, "Alex");
  
    printf (" Final string contents are: %s\n", Text2);

}

/****************************************************************/

void SafeCopy(
    char     *Dest,                   /* Destination buffer. */
    int       DestSize,
    char     *Source)                 /* Source data. */
{
  
    /* ...	Copy 'Source' into 'Dest'.
     * ...        'Dest' is padded with NULLs if 'Source' is smaller.. */
  
    strncpy(Dest, Source, DestSize);
  
    /* ...	Safety net! Add the NULL just in case 'Source' is larger
     * ...	than 'Dest'.  */
  
    Dest[DestSize-1] = '\0';
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/Master.c0000644000076400001440000000036707055334614015250 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: 
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Jan-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{

}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/exec_one.c0000644000076400001440000000050107055334627015574 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'execl' function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    21-Apr-96
 *
 ****************************************************************/


main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  execl("exec_two", "exec_two", (char *) 0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/exec_two.c0000644000076400001440000000053607055334627015634 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: This program is executed by exec_one to demonstrate
 *          the execl function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    21-Apr-96
 *
 ****************************************************************/


main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  printf("This is %s\n", argv[0]);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strpbrk.c0000644000076400001440000000163307055334623015501 
/*
 * field.c
 * 
 * Dave Doolin     12 May, 1995
 * 
 * Turns miscellaneous field separators into just a space separating tokens for
 * easy parsing by SSCANF.  Eventually, the character separators and
 * replacement character will be passed in as strings.
 * 
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define LINE_BUF  100

void find_comment(char *);

main()
{
  char  line[LINE_BUF];
  char *sep;
  int   var1, var2;

  while (fgets(line, LINE_BUF, stdin))
  {

	/*
	 * Check this out:  Since SEP is a pointer to type char, when line is
	 * assigned to sep, really the first address is assigned to sep. LINE
	 * is the address of the start of the string.  In contrast, LINE[0]
	 * is the first character of the string.
	 */

    sep = line;

    while (sep != 0)
    {
      sep = strpbrk(line, ";.&:,");
      if (sep != 0)
        *sep = ' ';
    }
    fputs(line, stdout);
  }
  return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/address.c0000644000076400001440000000126407055334577015447 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate the Unary '&'  and '*' operators.
 *          Unary & - Address of a variable.
 *          Unary * - Data at the address.
 *	
 *	    These are not to be confused with their binary equivalents
 *	    that perform bitwise AND and OR.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    16-Apr-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

main()
{
    int i=4;				/* variable declaration 	*/
    int* ptr;				/* int pointer			*/

    ptr = &i;				/* 'ptr' now contains the
					   address of 'i'		*/

    printf("  i is  %d.\n", i);
    printf("*ptr is %d.\n", *ptr);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/basename.c0000644000076400001440000000206007055334625015562 /************************************************************************
 * 
 * Purpose: Extract the directory information from a file name.
 *
 *          /etc/local/bin/fdmount --> fdmount
 *
 *          This mimics the unix command 'basename'.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    29-Feb-96
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

char *basename(const char *FullName);

main()
{
    char *FullName = "/usr/local/bin/fdmount";

    printf("Full name is %s \n", FullName);

    printf("File name is %s \n", basename(FullName));
}

/************************************************************************/

char *basename(const char *FullName)
{
    static char *File;

    /* ...        I guess DOS users will have to change the direction of
       ...        the slash. */

    File = strrchr(FullName, '/');

    /* ...        If no slashes have been found, Return the full file name */

    if (File == NULL)
    {
        File = FullName;
    }
    else
    {
        File++;
    }

    return(File);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/command_line.c0000644000076400001440000000175707055334573016452 /********************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate getting parameters from the command line.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    27-Mar-94
 *
 ********************************************************************/

#include 

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int count;

   /*  Main takes two variables 'argc' is the number of parms on the 
    *  command line and 'argv' is a pointer to each of the parameters.
    *
    *	int argc    -- integer number called 'argc'
    *	char *argv[] -- Character pointer array!
    */

  printf("%i parameters entered on the command line.\n", argc);

				/*
				 * progname		argc = 1
				 * progname parm1 parm2	argc = 3
				 */

				/* 
				 * We take 1 from argc because 
				 * the argv array starts at zero 
				 * an ends at argc -1
				 */

  for ( count = 0; count <= argc -1 ; count++)
  {
				/* printf expects a pointer 
				 * to the text 
				 */

    printf("parm %d is %s\n", count, argv[count]);
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/ljust1.c0000644000076400001440000000133207055334634015232 #include 
#include 

void ljust(char *String);
  
main()
{
  char                  Str[]="     Martin    ";

  puts("Function to left justify text.");
  
  printf("*%s*\n", Str);

  ljust(Str);

  printf("*%s*\n", Str);
}

/*****************************************************************/

void ljust(
  char                 *String)
{
  int                   Pos;
  
  /* ...        Keep looping until a non space
     ...        character appears in the first byte. */
  
  while(isspace(String[0]))
  {
    /* ...      Move all the characters left one place. */
    
    for(Pos=0; Pos < strlen(String)-1; Pos++)
    {
      String[Pos] = String[Pos+1];
    }
    
    String[strlen(String)-1] = ' ';
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/switch.c0000644000076400001440000000204307055334575015315 /**************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'switch/case' structure.
 * Method:  Prog looks at the number of parameters passed to it and 
 *          tells the user how many its got.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    09-Apr-94
 *
 **************************************************************************/

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

  switch (argc)			/* Switch evaluates an expression (argc)  */
  {
				/* If expression resolves to 1, jump here */
  case 1:
    puts("Only the command was entered.");
    break;		        /* break - cases the execution to jump
				   out of the 'switch' block.             */
   
				/* If expression resolves to 2, jump here */
  case 2:
    puts("Command plus one parm entered");
    break;
   
				/* If expression resolves to 3, jump here */
  case 3:
    puts("Command plus two parm entered");
    break;

				/* Any other value jumps here.            */
  default:
    printf("Command plus %d parms entered\n", argc-1);
    break;
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/fprintf.c0000644000076400001440000000123207055334605015455 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To show fprintf in action.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    15-May-96
 * Use:     The program takes data from STDIN and sends it to a file.
 *          An example use would be.
 *	    
 *          	cat /etc/hosts | fprintf
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{

  FILE 	*Ptr;

  char	 Line[256];

  /* ...	Open a file for output. */

  Ptr = fopen("/tmp/OutputFile", "w");

  while(gets(Line))		/* Get data from stdin */
  {
    fprintf(Ptr, "%s\n", Line);	/* Send data to file.  */
  }

  fclose(Ptr);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/examples.html0000644000076400001440000000613307406420625016350 


   
   
   C Programming Examples





    

    

    
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    All these examples have been tested on a PC running Linux and using
the 'gcc' compiler. You can extract the programs with the 'save' option
under 'file' and compile with your own compiler.

    

    
o
    


    
Your first C program.
    


    
o
    


    
if.
    


    
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while.
    


    
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do.
    


    
o
    


    
for example 1.
    


    for A more advanced example.

    
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Global and local variables.
    


    
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Increment & decrement.
    


    
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Print from 10 to 1 - three examples.
    


    
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Read a file - version 1.
    


    
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manipulate strings.
    


    
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Using 'curses' to read a password.
    


    
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Programs requiring X. Unix users
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Index of all example programs.
    


    
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O'Reillys' Using C examples.
    


    
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Martin Leslie
    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/struct1.c0000644000076400001440000000146207055334603015415 /************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate structures.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 * Date:    13-June-94
 *
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main ()
{
					/* Declare the structure.	*/
  struct { char name[20]; int age;} record ;

					/* Put some values into the 
					 * structure.			*/
  strcpy(record.name, "Joe Brown");
  record.age = 21;

					/* Display the contents of the
					 * structure.			*/

  printf("name is %s \nage is %d \n", record.name, record.age);
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 * Here is the result.
 *
 * 		name is Joe Brown 
 * 		age is 21 
 *
 ************************************************************************/

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/struct2.c0000644000076400001440000000100607055334603015410 /* 
 * Date 13-Jun-94
 *
 * 	Pass 'struct' elements to a function.
 */
#include 

void display(char *name, int age);

/************************************************************************/

main ()
{
  struct { char name[20]; int age;} record;

  strcpy(record.name, "Joe Brown");
  record.age = 21;

  display (record.name, record.age);
}

/************************************************************************/

void display(char *name, int age)
{
  printf("name is %s \nage is %d \n", name, age);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/struct3.c0000644000076400001440000000220007055334603015406 /************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: Passing a copy of a structure to a function.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 * Date:    13-Jun-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 
					/* Declare a structure. It MUST 
					 * be declared before its use in
					 * function declarations.
					 */	
struct record_format { char name[20]; int age;}; 

void display(struct record_format);	/* function declaration		*/

/************************************************************************/

main ()
{
  struct record_format record;

  strcpy(record.name, "Joe Brown");
  record.age = 21;

  display (record);

				/*
				 * Print the contents of the  structure. 
				 * The original value of record.age has been
				 * retained.
				 */
  printf("name is %s \nage is %d \n", record.name, record.age);

}

/************************************************************************/

void display(struct record_format rec)
{
  printf("name is %s \nage is %d \n", rec.name, rec.age);
  rec.age=31;				/* change the value of a structure
					 * member.			*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/struct4.c0000644000076400001440000000226207055334614015421 /************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: Create an array of structures.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 * Date:    09-May-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 
					/* Declare a structure. It MUST 
					 * be declared before use.
					 */	
struct record_format
{
  char name[20];
  int age;
}; 

/************************************************************************/

main ()
{
  int count=0;

  struct record_format record[]=
  {
    {"Joe Brown", 21},
    {"James Dean", 34},
    {"David Williams", 54},
    {"Neil Harrison", 62},
    {"EOF", -1}
  };

				/*
				 * Print the contents of the  structure. 
				 */
  while( record[count].age != -1)
  {
    printf("name is %s \tage is %d \n", record[count].name, record[count].age);
    count++;
  }
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 * Program will produce:
 *
 * name is Joe Brown       age is 21 
 * name is James Dean      age is 34 
 * name is David Williams  age is 54 
 * name is Neil Harrison   age is 62 
 *
 *************************************************************************/



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/is_examp.c0000644000076400001440000000246507055334573015627 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the following functions:
 *	    isalpha, isdigit, isspace. 
 *	    The same principles apply to isalnum, iscntrl, isgraph, 
 *          islower, isprint, ispunct, isupper, isxdigit
 *
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    09-Mar-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 					/* printf 	*/
#include  		/* isalpha isdigit isspace etc 		*/

#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE  1

				/* function declarations 		*/
int char_type(char);

main()
{
  char ch;
			/* get a character from the keyboard 	*/
  printf(" Please enter a charcater => ");
  ch = getc(stdin);

  char_type(ch);	/* Figure out the character type 	*/
}

/****************************************************************
		decide the character type.
*****************************************************************/
int char_type(char ch)
{
			/* returns non zero if A-Z or a-z 	*/
  if ( isalpha(ch) != FALSE)
    printf("%c is an Alpha character.\n",ch);

			/* returns non zero if 0-9  		*/
  if ( isdigit(ch) != FALSE)
    printf("%c is a numeric character.\n",ch);

			/* returns non zero if a space, CR, Tab, NL FF  */
  if ( isspace(ch) != FALSE)
    printf("%c is white space\n", ch);

}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/fact1.c0000644000076400001440000000116507055334575015016 /**************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: generate the factorial of a number by iteration.
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    09-Apr-94
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include 

int factorial(int num);

main()
{
  int num;
  puts  ("This program will return the factorial of a number.");
  printf("Please enter the number ==> " );
  scanf("%d", &num);

  printf(" %d! is %d\n",num, factorial(num) );
}

int factorial(int num)
{
  int count, ans=1;
  for (count=1 ; count <= num; count++ ) ans *= count;
  return ans;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/fact2.c0000644000076400001440000000116307055334575015015 /***************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: generate the factorial of a number by recursion
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    09-Apr-94
 *
 ***************************************************************************/

#include 

int factorial(int num);

main()
{
  int num;
  puts  ("This program will return the factorial of a number.");
  printf("Please enter the number ==> " );
  scanf("%d", &num);

  printf(" %d! is %d\n",num, factorial(num) );
}

int factorial(int num)
  {
  int ans=1;
  if (num == 1 ) return;
  ans = num * factorial(num-1);
  return ans;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/macro.c0000644000076400001440000000072007055334605015107 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To demonstrate macros
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 * Date:    17-Oct-94
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#define SQUARE(x) x*x

main()
{
  int value=3;

  printf("%d \n", SQUARE(value));
}
/****************************************************************
 *
 * answer will be 9
 *
 ****************************************************************/

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/pointer4_func.c0000644000076400001440000000053007055334600016557 int set(char *items[]);

main()
{
  char *items[]={"apple", "pear", "banana", "grape"};

  set (items);

}

int set(char *items[])
{
  printf ("/t%s\n", items[2]);
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * Result is  
 * 	banana
 *
 **********************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/enum1.c0000644000076400001440000000132307055334601015027 /****************************************************************************
 *
 *  Enumeration example. Program will return the month in a year. 
 *  I.E. It returns 9 for September.
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

main()
{
					/*
					 * Define a list of aliases
					 */
  enum months {Jan=1, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec};
   /*     A      A
          |      |
          |      |
	  |      -------  list of aliases.
	  --------------  Enumeration tag.	*/
    

  enum months month;		/* define 'month' variable of type 'months' */

  printf("%d\n", month=Sep);	/* Assign integer value via an alias	    
				 * This will return a 9			    */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/enum2.c0000644000076400001440000000143707055334601015036 /****************************************************************************
 *
 *  Enumeration example. Program will return the number of days in a month
 *  I.E. returns 28 for Feburary.
 *
 ****************************************************************************/
main()
{
					/*
					 * Define a list of aliases
					 */
  enum days {Jan=31, Feb=28, Mar=31, 
             Apr=30, May=31, Jun=30, 
             Jul=31, Aug=31, Sep=30, 
             Oct=31, Nov=30, Dec=31};
   /*     A      A
          |      |
          |      |
	  |      -------  list of aliases.
	  --------------  Enumeration tag.	*/
    

  enum days month;		/* define 'month' variable of type 'months' */

  printf("%d\n", month=Feb);	/* Assign integer value via an alias	    
				 * This will return 28 			    */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/enum3.c0000644000076400001440000000130707055334623015037 /****************************************************************************
 *
 *  Enumeration example: This program will fail to compile because
 *  'Alex' is in both enum lists.
 *
 ****************************************************************************/
main()
{

  enum People1 {Alex=0,    Tracy,  Kristian} Girls;
  enum People2 {William=0, Martin, Alex}     Boys;
  /*     A      A
         |      |
         |      |
         |      -------  list of aliases.
         --------------  Enumeration tag.	*/
    

  switch (Boys)
  {
  case William:
    puts("William");
    break;

  case Martin:
    puts("Martin");
    break;

  case Alex:
    puts("Alex");
    break;

  default:
    break;
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/enum4.c0000644000076400001440000000072507055334623015043 /****************************************************************************
 *
 *  Enumeration example: This program will fail to compile because the 
 *  preprocessor will change the FALSE to 1 on the enum statement....
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

#define FALSE 1

main()
{

  enum Boolian_t {FALSE=0, TRUE} Boolian;
    
  printf("False has a value of %d", FALSE);
  printf(" True has a value of %d", TRUE);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/enum5.c0000644000076400001440000000131307055334623015036 /****************************************************************************
 *
 *  Enumeration example: This program will compile but the #define statement 
 *  will cause FALSE and TRUE to have a value of 1
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

enum Boolian_t {FALSE=0, TRUE} Boolian;

#define FALSE 1

main()
{

  enum Boolian_t Boolian;
    
  printf("False has a value of %d\n", FALSE);
  printf(" True has a value of %d\n", TRUE);
}
/****************************************************************************
 *
 *	Results:
 *
 *	False has a value of 1
 *	 True has a value of 1
 *
 ****************************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/modulo.c0000644000076400001440000000112707055334567015316  
/************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the '%' operator.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    19-Mar-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int i,j;
				/* The modulo is the remainder of 
				   after an integer division	*/

  printf("14 modulo 7 (14%%7) is %i\n", 14%7);		/* answer is 0 	*/
  printf("15 modulo 7 (15%%7) is %i\n", 15%7);		/* answer is 1 	*/

  i=10; j=6;
  
  printf("%i modulo %i (%i%%%i) is %i\n",i,j,i,j,i%j);	/* answer is 4 	*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/inc_dec.c0000644000076400001440000000251407055334573015401 /*************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate the increment and decrement operators.
 * 
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 *
 * Date:    07-Apr-94
 *
 *************************************************************************/
main()
{

   		/*
    		 *	++i - i incremented before i is used.
    		 *	--i - i decremented before i is used.
    		 *	j++ - j is incremented AFTER j has been used. 
    		 *	j-- - j is decremented AFTER j has been used. 
    		 */

  int i=1,j=1;

  puts("\tDemo 1");
  printf("\t%d %d\n",++i, j++);			/* O/P 	2 1	*/
  printf("\t%d %d\n",i, j);				/* O/P  2 2	*/

  i=1;j=1;

  puts("\n\tDemo 2");
  printf("\t%d \n",i=j++);				/* O/P 	1	*/
  printf("\t%d \n",i=++j);				/* O/P 	3	*/


/************************************************************************

		This is a GOT YA

*************************************************************************/

   						  /* Consider this code */

  i = 0; j = 0;

  puts("\n\tDemo 3");
  if ( (i++ == 1) && (j++ == 1)) puts("Some text");

   	/* Will i and j get incremented? The answer is NO! Because 
     	 * the expression in the left of '&&' resolves to false the 
    	 * compiler does NOT execute the expression on the right and 
    	 * so 'j' does not get executed!!!!! */


  printf("\t%d %d\n",i, j);				/* O/P 1 0	*/

}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/getchar.c0000644000076400001440000000125507055334600015422 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'getchar' function.
 * 	    The prog will read data entered via the keyboard. And return
 * 	    the number of characters entered. 
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    08-May-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

#define RETURN '\n'			/* \n == return in UNIX
					   \r == return in DOS		*/

main()
{
  int count=0;
  puts("Please enter some text.");
					/* Count the letters in the 'stdin'
					   buffer.			*/
  while ( getchar() != RETURN) count++;

  printf("You entered %d characters\n", count);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/fgets.c0000644000076400001440000000122607055334575015126 /********************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'fgets' function.
 * 	    The prog will count the number of lines in a file.
 * 	    The is a function of the UNIX command 'wc'
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    10-Apr-94
 *
 ********************************************************************/

#include 

#define LINE_LENGTH 80

main()
{
  FILE* fp;
  char line[LINE_LENGTH];
  int count=0;

  fp=fopen("/home/DOC/C/c.html","r");
					/* Count up the lines here. */
  while ( fgets(line, LINE_LENGTH, fp) != NULL) count++;

  printf("File contains %d lines.\n", count);

  fclose(fp);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/function.c0000644000076400001440000000120307055334572015633 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate functions.
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    28-Feb-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int add( int, int); 			/* Function declaration 	*/

main()
{
  int i=1;
  printf("i starts out life as %d.", i);

  i = add(1, 1);			/* Function call       		*/

  printf(" And becomes %d after function is executed.\n", i);
}

/************************************************************************/

int add( int a, int b) 			/* Function definition 		*/
{
  int c;
  c = a + b;
  return c;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/malloc.c0000644000076400001440000000036707055334617015267 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: 
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Jan-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{

}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/first.c0000644000076400001440000000046107055334567015146 /******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Show the basic structure of a C program
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    03-Feb-94
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  puts ("your first C program");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/lenstr.c0000644000076400001440000000172007055334625015320 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Find the length of a string.
 *	    This duplicates the  strlen function found in string.h
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    20-Mar-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

int lenstr(const char *text);

main()
{
  char kb_buf[80];				/* Keyboard buffer	*/

  puts(" Please enter some text ");
  printf("Text is %d characters long.\n", lenstr(gets(kb_buf)));
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	Find the length of a string - does not check if we fall off
 *	the end of the text buffer. oops.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int lenstr(const char *text)
{
  int  count=-1;				/* Character counter	*/

  while(text[++count] != '\0') ;		/* Serach for a null	*/

  return(count);				/* Return the position 
						 * of the NULL-1	*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/sizeof.c0000644000076400001440000000403707055334574015317 /****************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Find out the size of the different data types
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    27-feb-94
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

#include 
main()
{
					/*
					 * int/char   are 'type specifiers'
					 * short/long are 'type qualifiers'
					 */
  int i;

  printf("    short int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(short int));
  printf("          int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(int));
  printf("        int * is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(int *));
  printf("     long int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(long int));
  printf("   long int * is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(long int *));
  printf("   signed int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(signed int));
  printf(" unsigned int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(unsigned int));
  printf("\n");
  printf("        float is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(float));
  printf("      float * is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(float *));
  printf("       double is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(double));
  printf("     double * is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(double *));
  printf("  long double is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(long double));
  printf("\n");
  printf("  signed char is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(signed char));
  printf("         char is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(char));
  printf("       char * is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(char *));
  printf("unsigned char is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(unsigned char));
}


/************************************************************* 
 *
 *	The O/P from this program is 
 *
 *     short int is  2 bytes 
 *           int is  4 bytes 
 *         int * is  4 bytes 
 *      long int is  4 bytes 
 *    long int * is  4 bytes 
 *    signed int is  4 bytes 
 *  unsigned int is  4 bytes 
 * 
 *         float is  4 bytes 
 *       float * is  4 bytes 
 *        double is  8 bytes 
 *      double * is  4 bytes 
 *   long double is 12 bytes 
 * 
 *   signed char is  1 bytes 
 *          char is  1 bytes 
 *        char * is  4 bytes 
 * unsigned char is  1 bytes 
 * 
 *
 **************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/varlist.c0000644000076400001440000000215007055334604015470 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To show ... in action. This operator (?) allows us to pass
 *	    a variable number of parameters to a function, 'printf' 
 *	    uses ...
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 * Date:    09-Jul-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 
#include 			/* va_list, va_arg, va_end	*/

int set(char *item, int, num, ...);

/************************************************************************/

main()
   {
   char *item="pear";

   (set (item,4, "apple", "pear", "banana", "grape") )
	? printf ("%s found\n", item) : printf("%s not found\n", item);

   }

/************************************************************************/

int set(char *item, int num, ...)
   {
   va_list ap;				/* define 'ap' It acts as a pointer 
					 * to the undefined variables.	*/
   int ok=0;
   int inc=0;
   va_start(ap, num);			/* seed 'ap'			*/

   do {
      if ( item == va_arg(ap, char *)) ok=1;
      } while ( ok==0 && ++inc < num);

   va_end(ap);				/* tidy up.			*/
   return (ok);
   }
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/convesc.c0000644000076400001440000000511307055334625015451 
/**********************************************************************
 *
 *   Description: If a text string is created outside of C, the 
 *                escape codes are not correctly stored. This 
 *                routine will prepare them for C's use.
 *             
 *   Author :     M.J. Leslie
 *   Date:        25-Feb-96
 *
 *********************************************************************/

void mos_ConvertEscapeCode(char *String, char *Code);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  if (argc == 1)
  {
    puts("\n\tPlease provide a text string on the command line.");
  }
  else
  {
    printf("I/P string is: %s\n", argv[1]);
    mos_ConvertEscapeCode(argv[1], "\\n");
    mos_ConvertEscapeCode(argv[1], "\\t");
    mos_ConvertEscapeCode(argv[1], "\\v");
    mos_ConvertEscapeCode(argv[1], "\\b");
    mos_ConvertEscapeCode(argv[1], "\\r");
    mos_ConvertEscapeCode(argv[1], "\\f");
    printf("O/P string is: %s\n", argv[1]);
  }
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 *   Purpose: To convert escape codes in text form into
 *            actual codes. 
 *
 *   I/P       -------------------------------
 *            | A | B | C | \ | n | D | E | F |
 *             -------------------------------
 *
 *   O/P       ----------------------------
 *            | A | B | C | \n | D | E | F |
 *             ----------------------------
 *
 **********************************************************************/

void mos_ConvertEscapeCode(char *String, char *Code)
{
  char *Ptr1;
  char *Ptr2;
  char  EscCode = ' ';
  
  /* ...	Make sure the Code is long enough */

  if (strlen(Code) == 2)
  {

    /* ...	Find the right escape code. */

    switch(Code[1])
    {
    case 'n':			/* New line */
      EscCode = '\n';
      break;    
    case 't':			/* Horizontal tab */
      EscCode = '\t';
      break;
    case 'v':			/* Vertical tab */
      EscCode = '\v';
      break;    
    case 'b':			/* Backspace */
      EscCode = '\b';
      break;    
    case 'r':			/* Return */
      EscCode = '\r';
      break;    
    case 'f':			/* Form feed */
      EscCode = '\f';
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
    
    /* ...	If the escape code has been found */

    if (EscCode != ' ')
    {
      
      /* ...	Copy each character until the text code is found, 
	 ...	insert the escape code and copy the remaining chars. */

      for (Ptr1=Ptr2=String; Ptr2 < (String+strlen(String)+1); Ptr1++, Ptr2++)
      {
	if ((*Ptr2 == '\\') && (*(Ptr2+1) == Code[1])) 
	{
	  *Ptr1 = EscCode;
	  Ptr2++;
	}
	else
	{
	  *Ptr1 = *Ptr2;
	}
      }
    }
  }
}










c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/stdin.c0000644000076400001440000000101307055334617015126 /************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: To read data fron 'stdin' (by default the keyboard) 
 *
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    01-Sep-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

void read_stdin(void);

main()
{
  read_stdin();
}

/************************************************************************/

void read_stdin(void)
{
  char line[256];

  while (gets(line))
  {
    printf("%s\n", line);
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/global.c0000644000076400001440000000132107055334572015247 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate global and internal variables
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * date:    02-Feb-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int counter = 0;			/* global because we are outside
					   all blocks.			*/
int func(void);

main()
{
  counter++;				/* global because it has not been
					   declared within this block	*/
  printf("counter is %2d before the call to func\n", counter);

  func();					/* call a function.		*/

  printf("counter is %2d after the call to func\n", counter);
}

int func(void)
{
  int counter = 10;			/* local.			*/
  printf("counter is %2d within func\n", counter);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/atof.c0000644000076400001440000000233607055334600014737 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'atof' and 'gets' functions.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    08/05/94
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include  		/* puts gets			*/
#include 		/* atof				*/

main()
{
    char str1[80], str2[80];	/* define a couple o' strings.	*/
    double result;		/* Result of multiplication.	*/

    puts ("This program will multiply two floating point numbers.");
    puts ("Warning: The program will accept invalid data, and give");
    puts ("you crap results in return.\n");
    puts ("Please enter the first number.");
    gets(str1);

    puts ("And the second.");
    gets(str2);

    result = atof(str1) * atof(str2);
    printf("Answer is %8.2f\n", result);
}

/********************************************************************
 *
 * Here is an example run.
 * 
 * This program will multiply two floating point numbers.
 * Warning: The program will accept invalid data, and give
 * you crap results as a result.
 * 
 * Please enter the first number.
 * 20
 * And the second.
 * .5
 * Answer is    10.00
 * 
 ********************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/continue.c0000644000076400001440000000165007055334602015632 /**************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To filter some records. 
 * 	    Demonstrates the 'continue', 'feof' & 'fgets' statemnts.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    07-Jun-94
 *
 *************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  char data[80];		/* Record read from the file.		*/
  FILE *ptr;			/* Pointer to the file. FILE is a 
				   structure  defined in 	*/

				/* Open the file - no error checking done */
  ptr = fopen("/etc/hosts","r");
				/* Read one record at a time, checking 
				   for the End of File. EOF is defined 
				   in   as -1 			*/

  while (feof(ptr) == 0)
  {
    fgets(data, 80, ptr);	/* Read next record			*/
    if (data[0] == '#') continue; /* filter out the comments		*/
    printf("%s",data);	/* O/P the record to the screen		*/
  }

  fclose(ptr);			/* Close the file.			*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/fork1.c0000644000076400001440000000132307055334625015032 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Basic example of fork.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    01 Apr 96
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{

  pid_t   ForkPID;
  
  printf("Program start. \n");

  ForkPID = fork();			/* Create a child and copy the parents
  					 * parent data space, heap and stack.
					 */

  /* ForkPID == -1 Fork failure.
   *         ==  0 This is the child process.
   *	      >  0 This is the parent process. The number given is the
   *               PID of the child.
   */

  printf("forkPID is %d \n", ForkPID);	/* Child execution starts here. */

  printf("Program end. \n");
}  
  
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/fork2.c0000644000076400001440000000146107055334626015037 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Basic example of fork.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    01 Apr 96
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include 

int       Value = 5;
main()
{

  pid_t   ForkPID;
  
  printf("Program start. \n");

  ForkPID = fork();			/* Create a child and copy the parents
  					 * parent data space, heap and stack.
					 */

  /* ForkPID == -1 Fork failure.
   *         ==  0 This is the child process.
   *	      >  0 This is the parent process. The number given is the
   *               PID of the child.
   */

  if (ForkPID == 0)
  {
    Value += 4;
  }
  else
  {
    sleep (5);
  }
  printf("Value is %d\n", Value);
  printf("forkPID is %d \n", ForkPID);

  printf("Program end. \n");
}  
  
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/const2.c0000644000076400001440000000150607055334634015223 /*******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: 'const' example. This code shows that making a
 *          variable 'const' only tells the compiler to not
 *          allow reassignment of the variable. The data is not
 *          in a special location, it can still be altered.
 *
 *          This code may cause compiler warning messages
 *          but will compile and run.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    03-Mar-97
 *
 *******************************************************************/

main()
{
  const int  Men   = 10;
  int       *Women = &Men;

  *Women = 20;

  printf("There are %d men\n", Men);
  
}

/******************************************************************* 
 *
 * Result.
 *
 * There are 20 men
 *
 *******************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/for1.c0000644000076400001440000000110107055334600014642 /**************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'for' statement.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26/01/94
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int i;			/* Define an integer */
			/*
			 * i=1 is executed the first time into the loop.
			 * i<=10 is then tested, if true, the block is executed. 
			 * ++1 is the increment, before i<=10 is retested.
			 */
  for (i=1; i<=10; ++i)
  {
    printf ("loop counter = %i\n", i);
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/for2.c0000644000076400001440000000162307055334571014663 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'for' statement.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    08/04/94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int i,j;		/* Define integers 				*/
			  
			/* 'i' and 'j' get initalised on the 'for'.
			 * Then they both are incremented and decremented
			 * before 'i' is tested.
			 */
  for (i=1, j=10; i<=10; ++i, --j)
  {
    printf ("   i = %02d  j = %02d\n", i, j);
  }
}
/************************************************************************ 
   O/P will look like this:

   i = 01  j = 10
   i = 02  j = 09
   i = 03  j = 08
   i = 04  j = 07
   i = 05  j = 06
   i = 06  j = 05
   i = 07  j = 04
   i = 08  j = 03
   i = 09  j = 02
   i = 10  j = 01
**************************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/gets.c0000644000076400001440000000175707055334614014763 /**************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Compare the action of gets and fgets reading data from STDIN.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    22-Apr-95
 *
 *************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  char buff[80];			/* Input buffer.		*/

					/* Get data from the keyboard.	*/
  printf("\nplease enter text => ");

  gets(buff);
  
  printf("\nlength is %d #%s#\n", strlen(buff), buff);

					/* Get data from the keyboard.	*/
  printf("\nplease enter text => ");

  fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), stdin);
  
  printf("\nlength is %d #%s#\n\n",strlen(buff),  buff);
}

/*************************************************************************
 * 
 *  Example program run.
 *  --------------------
 * 
 * please enter text => abcd
 * 
 * length is 4 #abcd# 
 * 
 * please enter text => abcd
 * 
 * length is 5 #abcd
 * #
 *
 *************************************************************************/


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/if_else_endif.c0000644000076400001440000000047507055334604016567 /* Purpose: Demonstrate #if, #else & #endif preprocessors.
 * Author:  M J Leslie    
 * Date:    28-Jun-94
 */

#define SWITCH 0

			/* The #if can only perform 
			 * INTEGER tests!!!!
			 */
#if  ( SWITCH == 1 )
   #define TEXT "Carabanger\n"
#else
   #define TEXT "Hip Dude\n"
#endif

main ()
{
  printf(TEXT);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/pointer1_func.c0000644000076400001440000000165407055334577016601 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate passing a pointer to an array 
 *	    to a function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    14-Apr-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/
#define I_SIZE 2

void add(int*); 			/* Function declaration 	*/

main()
   {
   int i[I_SIZE]={4,6};			/* array declaration 		*/
   int count=0;

   for (count=0;count

main()
{
  char data[100];
  double num1, num2;

  printf(" Please enter a number ==> " );
  gets(data);
  num1 = atof(data);

  printf(" Please enter a number ==> " );
  gets(data);
  num2 = atof(data);

					/* Stop a divide by zero with
					 * the goto statement.		*/
  if ( num2 == 0.0 ) goto end_prog;

  printf(" %4.2f divided by %4.2f is %4.2f\n", num1, num2, num1/num2);

  end_prog:
  printf(" Program ended\n");
 
}

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/define.c0000644000076400001440000000061707055334604015244 /********************************************************************* 
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate the #define pre-processor.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Jun-94
 *
 *********************************************************************/

#define EQ ==

main ()
{
				/* the EQ is translated to == by 
				 * the C pre-processor.	COOL!
				 */
  if ( 5 EQ 5 ) printf("define works...\n");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/qsort1.c0000644000076400001440000000430507055334607015244 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To sort numbers held in an array.
 * Author:  M.J.Leslie
 * Date:    30-Nov-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

/********** Preprocessor  ***********************************************/

#include 
#include 
#include 

/********** Functions ***************************************************/

void display_nums(int *, int);
int comp_nums(const int *, const int *);

/********** main ********************************************************/

main()
{
  int numbers[]=			/* Numbers to be sorted.	*/
  {43,76,23,1,100,56,23,99,33,654};

  int how_many=10;			/* Number of numbers entered	*/


  puts("\nThese are the unsorted numbers\n");
  display_nums(numbers, how_many);

					/* SORT the numbers held in 
					 * 'numbers'.			*/
  qsort(
        numbers, 			/* Pointer to elements		*/
        how_many, 			/* Number of elements		*/
        sizeof(int),  			/* size of one element.		*/
        (void *)comp_nums		/* Pointer to comparison function */
       );

  puts("\nThese are the sorted numbers\n");
  display_nums(numbers, how_many);
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 * comp_nums: Compare two numbers.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int comp_nums(const int *num1, const int *num2)
{
  if (*num1 <  *num2) return -1;
  if (*num1 == *num2) return  0;
  if (*num1 >  *num2) return  1;
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 * display_nums: Display the numbers
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void display_nums(int *array, int count)
{
					/* Print all the elements in 
					 * the array.               	*/
  while ( count-- )
  {
    printf("%d ",*array);
    array++;
  }
  puts("");
}

/******* The Results ****************************************************
 *
 *	These are the unsorted numbers
 *	
 *	43 76 23 1 100 56 23 99 33 654 
 *	
 *	These are the sorted numbers
 *	
 *	1 23 23 33 43 56 76 99 100 654 
 *
 ************************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/qsort2.c0000644000076400001440000000520307055334606015242 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To read numbers entered by the user and sort them.
 * Author:  M.J.Leslie
 * Date:    30-Nov-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

/********** Preprocessor  ***********************************************/

#include 
#include 
#include 

/********** Functions ***************************************************/

int read_nums(int *);
void display_nums(int *);
int comp_nums(const int *, const int *);

/********** main ********************************************************/

main()
{
  int numbers[30];			/* Numbers to be sorted.	*/
  int how_many=0;			/* Number of numbers entered	*/

					/* Get the numbers		*/
  how_many = read_nums(numbers);

  puts("\nThese are the unsorted numbers\n");
  display_nums(numbers);

					/* SORT the numbers held in 
					 * 'numbers'.			*/
  qsort(
	numbers, 			/* Pointer to elements		*/
	how_many, 			/* Number of elements		*/
	sizeof(int),  			/* size of one element.		*/
	(void *)comp_nums		/* Pointer to comparison function */
	);

  puts("\nThese are the sorted numbers\n");
  display_nums(numbers);
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 * comp_nums: Compare two numbers.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int comp_nums(const int *num1, const int *num2)
{
  if (*num1 <  *num2) return -1;
  if (*num1 == *num2) return  0;
  if (*num1 >  *num2) return  1;
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 * readnums: read numbers from the keyboard and put them into an array.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int read_nums(int *array)
{

  char data[80];			/* Data entered by the user	*/
  int inc=0;

  puts("\n\tPlease enter some integer numbers");
  puts("\tno checking is made on the data you enter....");
  printf("\t==> ");

  gets(data);
					/* Assume we have valid data.	
					 * Put it into an array.	*/
  *(array+inc) = atoi(strtok(data," "));
  inc++;
   
  while ( *(array+inc) = atoi(strtok(NULL," "))) inc++;

					/* Return the number of items
					 * stored in 'array'.		*/
  return inc++;
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 * display_nums: Display the numbers
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void display_nums(int *array)
{
					/* NULL is a pointer to 0, 
					 * so it must be cast to an
					 * integer			*/
  while ( *array != (int)NULL)
  {
    printf("%d ",*array);
    array++;
  }

  puts("");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/HEADER.html0000644000076400001440000000037007055334611015456 Index of all Example Programs.


    

    

    Index of all Example Programs.
    

    

    

    



Here is the HTTP generated list of all Example programs.
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/kill.c0000644000076400001440000000027007055334626014744 

main()
{
  int pid;

  /* ...	Get the process ID of this program. */

  getpid(pid);

  /* ...	Check to see if this program is active. */

  printf("R = %d\n", kill (pid, 0));
}
  

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/sscanf.c0000644000076400001440000000156607055334624015275 
#include 

main()
{
	char Host[64];
	char User[64];
  char *Buff = "Jobname=job1 Hostname=arnamul User=leslim Time=11:15";
  /*            <---------->          <-----> <---------> <-------->
   *              |                      |         |           |
   *              |           ------------         |           |
   *              |           |   ------------------           V
   *              |           |   |	                      NULL
   *              V           V   V                                    */
  sscanf (Buff, "%*s Hostname=%s %s", Host, User);

  printf("Host is %s\n", Host);
  printf("User is %s\n", User);
  exit(0);
}

/************************************************************************
 *
 *	Job Output is:
 *
 *  Host is arnamul
 *  User is User=leslim
 *
 ************************************************************************/


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/sizeof1.c0000644000076400001440000000114107055334602015361 /***************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Find out the size of the different data objects
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    03-Sep-94
 *
 ***************************************************************/

#include 


main()
{
  char array[10];
  struct s 
  {  
    int a;
    float b;
  } structure;


  printf(" array  is %i\n", sizeof array);
  printf(" struct is %i\n", sizeof structure);
}

/*****************************************************************
 * array  is 10
 * struct is 8
 *****************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/funcpt1.c0000644000076400001440000000160007055334634015366 
/************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: 1. Define a pointer to a function.
 *          2. Point at a function.
 *          3. Execute the function.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    04-Jun-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int (*fpointer)(void);		/* Define a pointer to a function	*/

int func1(void);		/* Define a few functions.		*/
int func2(void);

main()
{
    fpointer = func1;		/* Put the address of 'func1' in 'fpointer' */
    fpointer();			/* Execute 'func1'			*/

    fpointer = func2;		/* Repeat for 'func2'			*/
    fpointer();
}

/************************************************************************/

int func1(void)
{
    puts("martin was ere");
}

/************************************************************************/

int func2(void)
{
    puts("alex was ere");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/funcpt2.c0000644000076400001440000000173407055334620015372 
/************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: 1. Define a pointer to a function with parameters.
 *          2. Point at the function.
 *          3. Execute the function passing parameters to it.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    04-Jun-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int (*fpointer)(int, int);	/* Define a pointer to a function	*/

int add(int, int);		/* Define a few functions.		*/
int sub(int, int);

main()
{
    fpointer = add;		/* Put the address of 'add' in 'fpointer' */
    printf("%d \n", fpointer(4, 5));	/* Execute 'add' and print results */

    fpointer = sub;		/* Repeat for 'sub'			*/
    printf("%d \n", fpointer(6, 2));
}

/************************************************************************/

int add(int a, int b)
{
    return(a + b);
}

/************************************************************************/

int sub(int a, int b)
{
    return(a - b);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/funcpt3.c0000644000076400001440000000233707055334620015373 
/************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: 1. Define a pointer to a function with parameters.
 *          2. Point at the function.
 *          3. Execute the function passing char and string parameters to it.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    04-Jun-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

char * (*fpointer)(char *, char);	/* Define a pointer to a function	*/

char * prefix(char *, char);		/* Define a few functions.		*/
char * suffix(char *, char);

main()
{
    fpointer = prefix;		/* Put the address of 'add' in 'fpointer' */
    printf("%s ", fpointer("artin", 'M'));

    fpointer = suffix;		/* Repeat for 'suffix'			*/
    printf("%s \n", fpointer("lesli", 'e'));
}

/************************************************************************/

char * prefix(char *str, char c)
{
    char result[100];
   
    result[0] = c;
    strcpy(result+1, str);

    return(result);
}

/************************************************************************/

char * suffix(char *str, char c)
{
    char result[100];
    int eol;

    strcpy(result, str);

    eol=strlen(result);
    result[eol] = c;
    result[eol+1] = '\0';

    return(result);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/user_name.c0000644000076400001440000000207607055334611015767  
/************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Get the users real name with the 'getpwuid' function.
 * Notes:   This is a UNIX only program. It will not work on DOS machines
 *          as 'getpwuid' gets its information from /etc/passwd.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    13-Jan-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 			/* getpwuid			*/
#include 

/************************************************************************/

void user_name(void);

/************************************************************************/

main()
{
  user_name();
}

/************************************************************************/

void user_name(void)
{
					/* See the getpwuid man page 
					 * for a description of the
					 * structure.			*/
  struct passwd *passwd;
					/* Get the uid of the running
					 * process and use it to get
					 * a record from /etc/passwd
					 */ 
  passwd=getpwuid(getuid());

  printf("Users Real name is %s\n", passwd->pw_gecos);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/uname.c0000644000076400001440000000202307055334610015105 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Description: Try out the 'uname' function.
 * Author:      M.J. Leslie
 * Date:        28-12-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 		/* Header for 'uname'		*/

main()
{
  struct utsname uname_pointer;

  uname(&uname_pointer);

  printf("System name - %s \n", uname_pointer.sysname);
  printf("Nodename    - %s \n", uname_pointer.nodename);
  printf("Release     - %s \n", uname_pointer.release);
  printf("Version     - %s \n", uname_pointer.version);
  printf("Machine     - %s \n", uname_pointer.machine);
  printf("Domain name - %s \n", uname_pointer.domainname);
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * system name - Linux 
 * Nodename    - norma2 
 * Release     - 1.1.54 
 * Version     - #5 Sat Dec 3 15:08:21 GMT 1994 
 * Machine     - i486 
 * Domain name - (none) 
 *
 ***********************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/rand.c0000644000076400001440000000127707055334607014744 /*********************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate the 'srand' and 'rand' functions
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 * Date:    11=Nov-94
 *
 *********************************************************************/

#include 
#include 

main()
{
  int rolls=4;
					/* This looks DISCUSTING!
					 * time returns a different value 
					 * on every execution. And so 
					 * changes the value passed to 
					 * srand. See CAST
					 * for an explanation of 
					 * (unsigned int) and (time_t)	*/
  srand((unsigned int)time((time_t *)NULL));

					/* Roll the dice.		*/
  while(rolls--)
  {
    printf("Dice value is %d\n", (rand()%6)+1);
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/union.c0000644000076400001440000000004507055334625015140 /*
 *	Example to be done .....
 */


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/temp.c0000644000076400001440000000165407055334602014757 /*
Purpose: Find out the size of the different data types
Author:  M J Leslie
Date:    27-feb-94
*/

#include 
main()
{
					/*
					int/char   are 'type specifiers'
					short/long are 'type qualifiers'
					*/
  int i;

  printf("    short int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(short int));
  printf("          int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(int));
  printf("     long int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(long int));
  printf("   signed int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(signed int));
  printf(" unsigned int is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(unsigned int));
  printf("\n");
  printf("        float is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(float));
  printf("       double is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(double));
  printf("  long double is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(long double));
  printf("\n");
  printf("  signed char is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(signed char));
  printf("         char is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(char));
  printf("unsigned char is %2d bytes \n", sizeof(unsigned char));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/system.c0000644000076400001440000000063107055334607015335 /************************************************************************
 * 
 * Purpose: To test the system function.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    23-Oct-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
				/* Execute an system command and wait 
				 * for it to end.
				 * DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RUN INERACTIVE CMDS*/
  system("ls -l");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/stat.c0000644000076400001440000000461507055334614014770 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'stat' function.
 *          The program will show the modification and access times
 *	    plus the size of a file.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 *
 * Date:    01-Jun-95 MJL Minor bug fixed.
 *          13-Apr-95 MJL Inital Release
 *
 * Notes:   This function is only available to Unix systems. If you 
 *          are on a DOS machine, this will not compile.
 *
 * Compile: Change the #define (below) to a suitable file name on your 
 *          system. The file name is not passed on the command line 
 *	    as I did not want to complicate the example.
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include 			/* declare the 'stat' structure	*/
#include 			
#include 		
#include 			/* printf			*/
#include 

#define  FILENAME "martin"		/* PUT YOUR FILE NAME HERE	*/

/************************************************************************/

char * format_time(time_t cal_time);

void file_stat(char * filename);

/************************************************************************/

main()
{
  file_stat(FILENAME);
}

/************************************************************************/

void file_stat(char * filename)
{
  struct stat stat_p;		/* 'stat_p' is a pointer to a structure
				 * of type 'stat'.  			*/

				/* Get stats for file and place them in
				 * the structure.			*/
  if ( -1 ==  stat (filename, &stat_p))
  {
    printf(" Error occoured attempting to stat %s\n", filename);
    exit(0);
  }
				/* Print a few structure members.	*/
   
  printf("Stats for %s \n", filename);

  printf("Modify time is %s", format_time(stat_p.st_mtime));

				/* Access time does not get updated
				   if the filesystem is NFS mounted!	*/

  printf("Access time is %s", format_time(stat_p.st_atime));
   
  printf("File size is   %d bytes\n", stat_p.st_size);
}

/************************************************************************/

char * format_time(time_t cal_time)
{
  struct tm *time_struct;
  static char string[30];
				/* Put the calendar time into a structure
				 * if type 'tm'.			*/
  time_struct=localtime(&cal_time);

				/* Build a formatted date from the 
				 * structure.				*/
  strftime(string, sizeof string, "%h %e %H:%M\n", time_struct);

				/* Return the date/time			*/
  return(string);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/time.c0000644000076400001440000000324507055334602014746 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To play with the time.h functions.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    18-Mar-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 		        /* NULL		       */
#include 		        /* ctime, asctime      */

main()
{
  time_t now;				/* define 'now'. time_t is probably
					 * a typedef	*/

				        /* Calender time is the number of 
				         * seconds since 1/1/1970   	*/

  now = time((time_t *)NULL);		/* Get the system time and put it
   					 * into 'now' as 'calender time' */

  printf("%s", ctime(&now));		/* Format data in 'now'
					 * NOTE that 'ctime' inserts a
					 * '\n' */

   /*********************************************************************/

	/* Here is another way to extract the time/date information	*/

  time(&now);

  printf("%s", ctime(&now));		/* Format data in 'now'		*/

   /*********************************************************************/

  {
    struct tm *l_time;
					 
    l_time = localtime(&now);		/* Convert 'calender time' to
					 * 'local time' - return a pointer 
					 * to the 'tm' structure. localtime
					 * reserves the storage for us.	*/
    printf("%s", asctime(l_time));
  }

   /*********************************************************************/

  time(&now);
  printf("%s", asctime(localtime( &now  )));

   /*********************************************************************/

  {
    struct tm *l_time;
    char string[20];
					 
    time(&now);
    l_time = localtime(&now);
    strftime(string, sizeof string, "%d-%b-%y\n", l_time);
    printf("%s", string);
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/swap.c0000644000076400001440000000105007055334627014761 /******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the use of ^ (XOR).
 * Date:    03-Dec-96
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Descrip: The contents of two variables are swapped without
 *          the use of a temorary variable  
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{

  int    	One = 20;
  int		Two = 12;

  printf("One = %d Two = %d\n", One, Two);

  One ^= Two;
  Two ^= One;
  One ^= Two;

  printf("One = %d Two = %d\n", One, Two);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/pointer3_func.c0000644000076400001440000000126207055334577016576 /*
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate passing apointer to a character    
 *	    string to a function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    21-Apr-94
 */

int function1(char * array);

main()
{
  char array1[10]="987654321";	/* one less so the \0 will fit  */

  function1(array1);		/* call function		*/

  printf("%s\n", array1);	/* O/P the altered array. '5' will
				 * have been changed to 'x'     */
}

/************************************************************************/

function1(char * array)
{
  printf("%s\n", array); 	/* printf expects a pointer.	*/

  array +=4;			/* Modify the pointer.		*/
  *array = 'x';		        /* Modify the data pointed to
				 * by 'array'			*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/statfs.c0000644000076400001440000001070007055334636015315 
/************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'statfs' function.
 *          The program will show the number of free blocks
 *	    on the /tmp filesystem.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 *
 * Date:    09-Nov-97 MJL Inital Release
 *
 * Notes:   This function is only available on older unix systems.
 *          SVR4 systems replaced statfs with statvfs.
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 
#include 

#define UNDEF  -1
#define  OK     0
#define FAIL    1

void GetFileSystemStat(
    const char  *Path,                 /* I    Path to a file on the file system to be queried */
    long        *BSize,                /* O    Size of blocks on this file system */
    long        *Blocks,               /* O    Total no. of blocks on this file system */
    long        *BFree,                /* O    No. of blocks still available to an ordinary user */
    long        *Files,                /* O    Maximum no. of files possible on this file system */
    long        *FFree,                /* O    No. of free file nodes (ie max - currently allocated) */
    int         *Status);              /* O    Returned status of this function call:
                                          OK       File system parameters found
                                          FAIL     Unable to determine file system
                                                   parameters */

main()
{
    long        BSize;
    long        Blocks;
    long        BFree;
    long        Files;
    long        FFree;
    int         Status;

    GetFileSystemStat("/tmp",          /* I    Path to a file on the file system to be queried */
                      &BSize,          /* O    Size of blocks on this file system */
                      &Blocks,         /* O    Total no. of blocks on this file system */
                      &BFree,          /* O    No. of blocks still available to an ordinary user */
                      &Files,          /* O    Maximum no. of files possible on this file system */
                      &FFree,          /* O    No. of free file nodes (ie max - currently allocated) */
                      &Status);        /* O    REturned status of this function call:
                                                   OK     File system parameters found
                                                   FAIL */

    printf("Free Blocks = %d\n", BFree);

}


/* PUBLIC FUNCTION
 ********************************************************************************
 **
 **     mos_GetFileSystemStat
 **
 ** DESCRIPTION
 **
 **     Gets information on the file-system on which a particular file resides
 **
 ** IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
 **
 **     On some file systems (eg NFS mounted partitions) it may not be possible
 **     to determine all the required parameters.  In these cases the returned
 **     value will be set to MOS_UNDEF.
 **
 ********************************************************************************
*/

void GetFileSystemStat(
    const char  *Path,          /* I    Path to a file on the file system to be queried */
    long         *BSize,         /* O    Size of blocks on this file system */
    long         *Blocks,        /* O    Total no. of blocks on this file system */
    long         *BFree,         /* O    No. of blocks still available to an ordinary user */
    long         *Files,         /* O    Maximum no. of files possible on this file system */
    long         *FFree,         /* O    No. of free file nodes (ie max - currently allocated) */
    int         *Status)        /* O    returned status of this function call:
                                           OK       File system parameters found
                                           FAIL     Unable to determine file system
                                                    parameters */
 
{
    struct statfs FSBuf;        /* structure to contain file system information */

    int           locStatus;      /* local status value */
 
    locStatus = statfs(Path, &FSBuf);

    if (locStatus != 0)
    {
        *BSize  = UNDEF;
        *Blocks = UNDEF;
        *BFree  = UNDEF;
        *Files  = UNDEF;
        *FFree  = UNDEF;

        *Status = FAIL;
    }
    else
    {
        *BSize  = FSBuf.f_bsize;
        *Blocks = FSBuf.f_blocks;
        *BFree  = FSBuf.f_bavail;
        *Files  = FSBuf.f_files;
        *FFree  = FSBuf.f_ffree;

        *Status = OK;
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/extern1.c0000644000076400001440000000063707055334623015403 /************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: Part one of a two part example showing the 
 *          extern keyword in action.
 *
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    24-Oct-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

void write_extern(void);

extern int count;

void write_extern(void)
{
  printf("count is %i\n", count);
}

  
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/extern2.c0000644000076400001440000000053707055334623015403 /************************************************************************ 
 *
 * Purpose: Part two of a two part example showing the 
 *          extern keyword in action.
 *
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    24-Oct-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

int count=5;

main()
{
  write_extern();
}

  
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/static.c0000644000076400001440000000200707055334605015275 /*
 * Author: M.J Leslie.
 * Purpose: To demonstrate the 'static' storage class 
 */

void func1(void);

static count=10;		/* Global variable - static is the default */

main()
{
  while (count--) func1();

}

/***************************************************************************/

void func1(void)
{
				/* 'thingy' is local to 'func1' - it is 
				 * only initalised at run time. Its value
				 * is NOT reset on every invocation of
				 * 'func1'
				 */
  static thingy=5;
  thingy++;
  printf(" thingy is %d and count is %d\n", thingy, count);
}


/**************************************************************************

Program )/P looks like this:

 thingy is 6 and count is 9
 thingy is 7 and count is 8
 thingy is 8 and count is 7
 thingy is 9 and count is 6
 thingy is 10 and count is 5
 thingy is 11 and count is 4
 thingy is 12 and count is 3
 thingy is 13 and count is 2
 thingy is 14 and count is 1
 thingy is 15 and count is 0

**************************************************************************/

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/prog_name.c0000644000076400001440000000100507055334610015746 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Display the name of the program.
 * To do:   Stip any directory information away so we are left with 
 *	    with the file name only.
 * Author:  M.J.Leslie
 * Date:    09-Jan-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  char *prog=argv[0];

				/* prog_name points to the same location 
				 * as argv[0]
				 */
  printf("Program is called %s\n", prog);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/var_func.c0000644000076400001440000000242707055334601015613 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate functions that have a variable
 *	    number of parameters.
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    28-Mar-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 
#include 			/* va_list, va_arg, va_end	*/

int set(char *item, int num, ...);	/* Declare the function.        */

/************************************************************************/

main()
{
    char *item="pear";

    int   Ret;
     
    Ret = set (item,4, "apple", "pear", "banana", "grape");
     
    if (Ret)
    {
        printf ("%s found\n", item);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("%s not found\n", item);
    }
}

/************************************************************************/

int set(char *item, int num, ...)
{
    va_list ap;				/* define 'ap' It acts as a
					 * pointer to the undefined 
					 * variables.			*/
    int Ret=0;
    int Inc=0;                          /* Assume the worst.            */
    va_start(ap, num);			/* seed 'ap'			*/

    do
    {
        if ( item == va_arg(ap, char *))
        {
            Ret = 1;
        }
    } while ( Ret==0 && ++Inc < num);

    va_end(ap);				/* tidy up.			*/
    return (Ret);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/sprintf.c0000644000076400001440000000155407055334604015500 /***********************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'sprintf' statement. This example 
 *          is a bit lame as the same effect can be seen with a 'printf'.
 *	    But, it does show a string being built and passed into a 
 *          function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    10-Jul-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
    int i=1;		/* Define an integer variable.  		*/
    char message[80];	/* Text string 					*/

			/* format text and put into 'message' this a great
			 * improvement over using 'strcpy' and 'strcat' to
			 * build a text string.
			 */
    sprintf (message, "i is %i", i);
			/* I may be stating the obvious but a '\0' is
			 * put on the end of the string.		*/

    puts(message);	/* Display message				*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/ifndef.c0000644000076400001440000000024707055334605015245 #include 

					/* Create NULL if NULL was not 
					 * created by stdio.h 		*/
#ifndef NULL
   #define NULL '\0'
#endif

main()
{
  printf("%c \n", NULL);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/setuid.c0000644000076400001440000000207407055334610015303 #include 
#include 
main()
{

	/* Identify the person logged in (real ID). */

  printf("getuid = %d\n", getuid());

	/* Get the ID in use by this process (effective ID).
	 * Normally this is the same as above but if the program is:
	 *
	 * o Owned by root (chown root progname).
	 * o Had 'Set owner' set in the permissions (chmod u+s progname).
	 * o The disk is not mounted 'nosetuid'.
	 *
	 * We can use 'setuid' and 'seteuid'.
	 */

  printf("geteuid = %d\n", geteuid());

  (!geteuid())
      ?
      puts("setuid//setruid/seteuid will work.")
      :
      puts("setuid/setruid/seteuid will fail.");

					/*  0 = OK
					 * -1 = Fail
					 */
/*
   printf("seteuid return code  = %d\n", seteuid(3570));

   printf("getuid = %d\n", getuid());
   printf("geteuid = %d\n", geteuid());

   printf("seteuid return code  = %d\n", seteuid(0));

   printf("getuid = %d\n", getuid());
   printf("geteuid = %d\n", geteuid());
*/

  printf("setuid return code  = %d\n", setuid(4261));

  printf("getuid = %d\n", getuid());
  printf("geteuid = %d\n", geteuid());
}
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/bsearch.c0000644000076400001440000000207507055334622015421 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To demonstrate the 'bsearch' function.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 *
 * Date:    04-Jun-95
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

#define NUM 11

static int func (void *, void *);

/************************************************************************/

main()
{
					/* List of numbers.		*/
  int numbers[NUM]={3,4,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23};
  int key=22;				/* number to find.		*/
  int * result;			/* Result of 'bsearch'		*/

					/* Search for 'key' in 'numbers'*/

  result = bsearch (&key, numbers, NUM, sizeof(numbers[0]), (void *)func);

  printf("%d ", key);
  (result) ? puts("found") : puts("not found"); 
}

/************************************************************************/

static int func (void *a, void *b)
{
  printf("%d %d \n", *(int *)a, *(int *)b);	/* Diagnistics.		*/

					/* Compare the two numbers	*/
  if (*(int *)a == *(int *)b) return(0);
  if (*(int *)a <  *(int *)b) return(-1);
  return (1);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/exponent.c0000644000076400001440000000235007055334575015655 /**************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Give the exponent of a number.
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    05-Apr-94
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include 

int exponent(int);

main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    int   user_val;
    char *progname;

    progname=argv[0];
					/* have we got one command line
					   parameter?  			*/
    if (argc != 2)
    {
        printf("%s syntax is:\n", progname);
        printf("\t%s num - where num is the number you ", progname);
        printf("require the exponent of.\n");
        exit();
    }
					/* y. Put it in a suitable variable */
    user_val = atoi(argv[1]);
					/* get and O/P its exponent.	*/
    printf(" The exponent of %d is %d \n", user_val, exponent(user_val));
}

/************************************************************************
		Get the exponent of an integer number.
*************************************************************************/

int exponent(int input)
{
    int count, result=1;
			/* 'result *= count' means 'result = result * count'
			    to fortran programmers...			*/
    for(count=1; count<=input; count++) result *= count;

    return result;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/perl2.c0000644000076400001440000000463107055334617015042 /********************************************************************
 *
 * Date:    11-May-97
 *
 * Purpose: Imbed PERL code in C.
 *
 * Notes:   This code is based on the examples found in the
 *          Perl man pages.
 *
 * Compile: To compile this code you will need a starement simular too:
 *
 *  g++ perl2.c -L/usr/lib/perl5/i586-linux/5.003/CORE
 *              -I/usr/lib/perl5/i586-linux/5.003/CORE
 *              -lperl
 *              -lm
 *
 * This program uses the C++ compiler as there seem to be problems
 * With the header files on Linux when using GCC.
 *
 ********************************************************************/

#include 
#include 
#include 

/********************************************************************/

PerlInterpreter        *my_perl;

void PerlInit(char **env);
int  PerlEval(char  *string);
void PerlEnd (void);

/********************************************************************/

main (
  int                   argc,
  char                **argv,
  char                **env)
{
  unsigned int          Length;

  // ...        Initalise.

  PerlInit(env);

  // ...        Some basic Perl statements
  
  PerlEval("$a = 3;");
  PerlEval("$a = $a+2;");

  // ...        Extract an integer perl value into the C code.
  
  printf("a = %d\n", SvIV(perl_get_sv("a", FALSE)));

  PerlEval("$a = $a+2.5;");

  // ...        Extract a float perl value into the C code.
  
  printf("a = %f5.2\n", SvNV(perl_get_sv("a", FALSE)));

  // ...        Play with strings.
  
  PerlEval("$a = 'rekcaH lreP rehtonA tsuJ';");
  PerlEval("$a = reverse($a); ");

  // ...        Extract a string perl value into the C code.

  printf("a = %s\n", SvPV(perl_get_sv("a", FALSE), Length));

  printf("%d\n", Length);
  
  // ...        Tidy up.

  PerlEnd();
}

/********************************************************************/

void PerlInit( char **env)
{
  char                 *Embedding[] = { "", "-e", "sub _eval_ { eval $_[0] }" };    

  my_perl = perl_alloc();
  perl_construct( my_perl );

  perl_parse(my_perl, NULL, 3, Embedding, env);
}

/********************************************************************/

int PerlEval(char *string)
{
  char *argv[2];
  argv[0] = string;
  argv[1] = NULL;
  perl_call_argv("_eval_", 0, argv);
}

/********************************************************************/

void PerlEnd(void)
{
    perl_destruct(my_perl);
  perl_free(my_perl);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/copy_file.c0000644000076400001440000000156207055334627015770 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To copy a file  (Unix 'cp' command).
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    16-May-96
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int c;			/* Character read/written between files */
  FILE *IPFile;			/* Pointer to the I/P file. FILE is a 
				   structure  defined in 	*/
  FILE *OPFile;

				/* Open the file - no error checking done */
  IPFile = fopen("/etc/hosts","r");
  OPFile = fopen("/tmp/hosts","w");

				/* Read one character at a time, checking 
				   for the End of File. EOF is defined 
				   in   as -1 			*/
  while ((c = fgetc(IPFile)) != EOF)
   {
   fputc(c, OPFile);		/* O/P the character 			*/
   }

  fclose(IPFile);		/* Close the files.			*/
  fclose(OPFile);		/* Close the files.			*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/while.c0000644000076400001440000000077607055334571015133 /******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'while' statement.
 * Date:    20-Feb-94
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
    int i=1;  /* Define an integer variable. */
         
    /*
     * i <= 10 expression is evaluated. If TRUE the 
     * block is executed.
     */

    while (i <= 10)
    {
        printf ("i is %i\n", i);
        i++;
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/printenv.c0000644000076400001440000000105207055334630015650 /******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'environ' variable
 *          by emulating the Unix printenv command.
 * Date:    21-May-96
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Descrip: 'environ' is declared in stdlib.h and points to 
 *          a list of environmental variables.
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int    Count;
  char   *Line;

  while(Line = *(environ+Count))
  {
    printf("%s \n", Line);
    Count++;
  }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/pipe1.c0000644000076400001440000000324607055334626015035 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Basic example of pipe. 
 *          Read and write fixed length records across a pipe.
 *          This is about a simple as they come...
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 *
 * Date:    17 Apr 96
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include 
#include 			/* pipe.		*/
#include 

void Child  (pid_t Handle);
void Parent (pid_t Handle);

main()
{

  pid_t		Pid;
  int 		fd[2];

  pipe(fd);				/* Create two file descriptors 	*/

  Pid = fork();

  if ( Pid == 0)			/* Child			*/
  {
    close(fd[0]);
    Child(fd[1]);
    puts("Child end");
  }
  else					/* Parent.			*/
  {
    close(fd[1]);
    Parent(fd[0]);
    puts("Parent end");
  }
}

/****************************************************************
 *
 *      The Child sends data to the parent.
 *
 ****************************************************************/

void Child(pid_t Handle)
{
  char Buff[]="Martin 1 abcdefghijklmnop ";

  write(Handle, Buff, strlen(Buff)+1);

  Buff[7] = '2';
  write(Handle, Buff, strlen(Buff)+1);

  Buff[7] = '3';
  write(Handle, Buff, strlen(Buff)+1);

  Buff[7] = '4';
  write(Handle, Buff, strlen(Buff)+1);  
  
  close(Handle);
}

/****************************************************************
 *
 *      Read the data sent by the child.
 *
 ****************************************************************/


void Parent(pid_t Handle)
{

  char Buff[50];

  /* ...	Read EXACTLY the number of bytes sent. 
     ...	0 is returned when the pipe is closed by the child. */

  while (read(Handle,Buff, 27) > 0)
  {
    printf("%s\n", Buff);
  }
      
}





c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/pipe2.c0000644000076400001440000000365707055334627015045 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Basic example of pipe. 
 *          Read and write variable length records across a pipe.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 *
 * Date:    17 Apr 96
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include 
#include 			/* pipe.			*/
#include 

void Child  (pid_t Handle);
void Parent (pid_t Handle);

main()
{

  pid_t		Pid;
  int 		fd[2];

  pipe(fd);				/* Create two file descriptors  */

  Pid = fork();

  if ( Pid == 0)			/* Child                        */
  {
    close(fd[0]);
    Child(fd[1]);
    puts("Child end");
  }
  else					/* Parent			*/
  {
    close(fd[1]);
    Parent(fd[0]);
    puts("Parent end");
  }
}

/****************************************************************
 *
 *	The Child sends data to the parent.
 *
 ****************************************************************/

void Child(pid_t Handle)
{
  int Len;

  char Buff[50]="Bass Beer";

  Len = strlen(Buff)+1;
  write(Handle, &Len, sizeof(Len));
  write(Handle, Buff, Len);

  strcpy(Buff, "Wild times.");
  Len = strlen(Buff)+1;
  write(Handle, &Len, sizeof(Len));
  write(Handle, Buff, Len);

  strcpy(Buff, "Alex was ere.");
  Len = strlen(Buff)+1;
  write(Handle, &Len, sizeof(Len));
  write(Handle, Buff, Len);

  strcpy(Buff, "Bon Jovi rules the world.");
  Len = strlen(Buff)+1;
  write(Handle, &Len, sizeof(Len));
  write(Handle, Buff, Len);  
  
  close(Handle);
}

/****************************************************************
 *
 *	Read the data sent by the child.
 *
 ****************************************************************/

void Parent(pid_t Handle)
{

  int		Len;
  char 		Buff[50];

  /* ...	Perform two reads. THe first gets the length of the data
     ...	the second gets the actual data.			*/

  while (read(Handle, &Len, sizeof(Len)) > 0)
  {
    read(Handle,Buff, Len);
    printf("%s\n", Buff);
  }
      
}





c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/keyboard.c0000644000076400001440000000225007055334634015610 /****************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Reset the keyboard from line mode to character mode and
 *          suppress the echo when a key is entered. This allow the
 *          program to get a character without the user pressing ENTER.
 *
 *          This is for UNIX systems. DOS users have getch and getche.
 *          Unix programers can also use curses.
 *
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie.
 * Date:    30-Mar-97
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

void SetKeyboard  (void);
void ResetKeyboard(void);

main()
{
  char          Characters[1024];
  int           Inc=0;

  memset(Characters, 0, 1024);
  
  printf("Press a load of characters (q=exit)\n");

  SetKeyboard();

  for(Inc = 0; (Characters[Inc] = getchar()) != 'q'; Inc++);
  
  ResetKeyboard();

  printf("You Pressed %s\n", Characters);
}

/* Set the keyboard. */

void SetKeyboard(void)
{
  system("stty raw -echo");
}

/* Return the keyboard to its original state. If this is not called
 * before the program ends, the keyboard will remain in its reconfigured
 * state.
 */

void ResetKeyboard(void)
{
  system("stty -raw echo");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/readch.c0000644000076400001440000000057307055334600015235 /*
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'getchar' function.
 *	The prog will read data entered via the keyboard. And return
 *	the number of characters entered. 
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    08-May-94
 */

#include 
#include 

int readch(void);

main()
{
  printf("%c",readch()+1);
}

int readch(void)
{
  char ch;

  read(0, &ch, 1);
  return (ch);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strchr.c0000644000076400001440000000221607055334617015320 /*************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To find a # in a string. If found, it is removed along all text
 *          to the right of it. 
 * Author:  Dave Doolin
 * Date:    03-Jun-95
 *
 *
 * Notes:   This is NOT a complete program. It is provided as a function
 *	    for inclusion into your code.
 *
 *************************************************************************/

#include 
#include 		/* For the `strchr' synonym for `index'. */


/*
 * FIND_COMMENT will replace the octothorpe ("#") with a null character to
 * get rid of comments in a line.  Later need to add `stopchar' for more
 * flexibility, instead of just using "#".  Need also to find a way to
 * collapse initial spaces and tabs, in case I want to clean up the line as
 * well.
 */

void find_comment(char *tline)
{
  char *comment;

  comment = strchr(tline, '#');
  if (comment != 0)		/* If STRCHR returns an address for # then */
    *comment = '\0';		/* stick a null character at that address. */

  comment = strchr(tline, '\n');/* Replace \n with \0 for  consistency.  */
  if (comment != 0)
    *comment = '\0';
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strcmp.c0000644000076400001440000000224407055334633015322 /******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the use of strcmp.
 * Date:    05-Dec-96
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Descrip: The standard strcmp returns 0 when the strings match 
 *          and indicates which string is lexigraphically greater.
 *          Every time I have used strcmp, I have never been interested
 *          in which string is greater and always frustrated that the 
 *          return code is inverted. This function tidys things up.  
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include 
#include 

#define TRUE  1
#define FALSE 0

int StringCompare(char *s1, char *s2);

main()
{
    char   	One[] = "Bartman";
    char	Two[] = "Batman";

    int		Ret;

    Ret = StringCompare(One, Two);

    if (Ret == TRUE)
    {
        puts("The Strings match");
    }
    else
    {
        puts("The Strings do not match");
    }
}

/**************************************************************/

int StringCompare(char *s1, char *s2)
{
    int Ret;

    if (strcmp(s1, s2))
    {
        Ret = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        Ret = 1;
    }

    return (Ret);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strcpy.c0000644000076400001440000000112407055334572015334 /*
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'strcpy' function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    12-Mar-94
*/

#include 	/* strcpy */

main()
{
  char text1[20]="martin";		/* string buffer	*/
  char text2[20]="leslie";		/* string buffer	*/

  printf (" original string contents are: %s\n", text1);
					/* Copy text2 into text1. 
					   If text1 is smaller that text2
					   it will probably overwrite
					   something!		*/
  strcpy(text1, text2);
  printf (" new string contents are: %s\n", text1);

  strcpy(text1, "linux");
  printf (" final string contents are: %s\n", text1);

}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/atexit.c0000644000076400001440000000077307055334630015312 
/******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the use of atexit.
 * Date:    17-Feb-97
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Descrip: Regester a function to be executed when a program normally
 *          terminates.
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include 

void End(void);
        
main()
{
    atexit(End);

    printf("Program is about to end\n");
}

void End(void)
{
    printf("Program ended\n");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/10to1.c0000644000076400001440000000165307055334571014662 
/******************************************************************* 
 *
 * Purpose: Count down from 10 to 1 in steps of 1
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    02-Feb-94
 *
 *******************************************************************/

   			/*			version 1          */

#include 

main()
{
    int a=10;
    while (a >= 1)
    {
        printf("a is %2d\n",a);
        a=a-1;
    }
}

/*******************************************************************/

   			/*			version 2          */

main()
{
    a =11;
    while (0 < (a = a - 1) )
    {
        printf("a is %2d\n",a);
    }
}

/*******************************************************************/

   			/*			version 3          */

main()
{
   			/*
			 * This works because the 'while' loop
			 * will keep spinning while 'i' is TRUE.
        		 * That is while 'i' is NOT equal to 0
   			 */

    a=11;
    while (i)
    {
        printf ("%i",i=i-1);
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strstr.c0000644000076400001440000000102207055334602015340 /*****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'strstr' function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    18-Jun-94
 *
 *****************************************************************/

#include 
#include 

main()
{
  char string[]="string to search";
  char   test[]="sear";
			
			/* strstr returns a pointer into 'string'
			 * if 'test' is found' if not found, NULL 
			 * is returned.				*/
 
  if (strstr(string, test)) puts("String found");
	
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strtok.c0000644000076400001440000000215107055334576015343 /*****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the 'strtok' function.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    23-Apr-94
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include 
#include 

main()
{
				/* Copy the constant into the memory
				 * pinted to by 'test_string' 		*/
  char test_string[50]="string to split up";

	/* if 'test_string' is declared as below and the program will give a 
 	 * 'Segmentation fault' This is because test_string' is pointing
 	 * to a constant i.e. somethin that cant be changed. 	

	   char *test_string="string to split up"; 		*/
			
  char *sub_string;

					/* Extract first string	*/
  printf("%s\n", strtok(test_string, " "));

					/* Extract remaining 
					 * strings 		*/
  while ( (sub_string=strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL)
  {
    printf("%s\n", sub_string);
  }
}
/*****************************************************************
 *
 * Program O/P will look like this...
 *
 *   string
 *   to
 *   split
 *   up
 *
 *****************************************************************/


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/strtol.c0000644000076400001440000000412607055334606015342 /****************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To show examples of the strtol function.
 * Author:  M.J. Leslie
 * Date:    06-Nov-94
 *
 ****************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  char num[10];

				/* Test a valid number		*/
  strcpy(num,"13");

  printf("%s(Oct) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL,  8));
  printf("%s(Dec) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 10));
  printf("%s(hex) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 16));

  puts("----------------------------------");

				/* Test a slightly valid number
				 * Returns the same results as 
				 * above. 			*/
  strcpy(num, "13hzcd");

  printf("%s(Oct) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL,  8));
  printf("%s(Dec) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 10));
  printf("%s(hex) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 16));

  puts("----------------------------------");

				/* Test an invalid number
				 * Returns ZERO			*/
  strcpy(num, "hzcd");

  printf("%s(Oct) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL,  8));
  printf("%s(Dec) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 10));
  printf("%s(hex) is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 16));


  puts("----------------------------------");

				/* Test 0 base.
				 * This will look at the number 
				 * and decide the base for its self!
				 */
  strcpy(num, "13");
  printf("%s is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 0));

  strcpy(num, "013");
  printf("%s is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 0));

  strcpy(num, "0x13");
  printf("%s is %i(Dec)\n", num, strtol(num, NULL, 0));

}

/****************************************************************
 *
 * Results of the program:
 *
 *	13(Oct) is 11(Dec)
 *	13(Dec) is 13(Dec)
 *	13(hex) is 19(Dec)
 *	----------------------------------
 *	13hzcd(Oct) is 11(Dec)
 *	13hzcd(Dec) is 13(Dec)
 *	13hzcd(hex) is 19(Dec)
 *	----------------------------------
 *	hzcd(Oct) is 0(Dec)
 *	hzcd(Dec) is 0(Dec)
 *	hzcd(hex) is 0(Dec)
 *	----------------------------------
 *	13 is 13(Dec)
 *	013 is 11(Dec)
 *	0x13 is 19(Dec)
 *
 ****************************************************************/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/popen.c0000644000076400001440000000066307055334607015137 /*
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate the popen function.
 *
 * to do: Check that the 'popen' was successfull.
 *
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Date:    08-Jan-94
*/

#include 

main()
{
  FILE *fp;
  char line[130];			/* line of data from unix command*/
   
  fp = popen("ls -l", "r");		/* Issue the command.		*/

					/* Read a line			*/
  while ( fgets( line, sizeof line, fp))
  {
    printf("%s", line);
  }
  pclose(fp);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/EXAMPLES/password.c0000644000076400001440000000174107055334573015660 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: To read and verify a password.
 * Compile: gcc password.c -lcurses
 * Notes:   To read text from the keyboard on a UNIX system without 
 *	    it being echoed to the screen you can use noecho() and 
 *	    getch() from curses.h In DOS you can use getch() in conio.h
 * Author:  M. J. Leslie
 * Date:    12-Mar-94
 *
 ************************************************************************/

#include 

main()
{
  int  i;
  char buffer[80];			/* work buffer			*/

  initscr();				/* initialize the screen	*/

  printw("Please enter a password => ");	/* update screen image		*/
  refresh();				/* Update screen with screen image */
  noecho();				/* Suppress echo to the screen	*/
					/* Read characters until C/R	*/ 
  while((buffer[i] = getch()) != '\n') i++;

  printw("\nPassword is %s - press return to continue.",buffer);
  refresh();
  getch();

  endwin();				/* Shut down curses		*/
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/backup/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405231013755 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/backup/Makefile.am0000644000076400001440000000017507055334733015733 EXTRA_DIST = $(wildcard *.html) $(wildcard *.htm)
docs_DATA = $(EXTRA_DIST)

docsdir = $(kde_htmldir)/en/kdevelop/$(subdir)

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# Makefile.in generated automatically by automake 1.5 from Makefile.am.

# Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
# Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

@SET_MAKE@

SHELL = @SHELL@

srcdir = @srcdir@
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prefix = @prefix@
exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@

bindir = @bindir@
sbindir = @sbindir@
libexecdir = @libexecdir@
datadir = @datadir@
sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
sharedstatedir = @sharedstatedir@
localstatedir = @localstatedir@
libdir = @libdir@
infodir = @infodir@
mandir = @mandir@
includedir = @includedir@
oldincludedir = /usr/include
pkgdatadir = $(datadir)/@PACKAGE@
pkglibdir = $(libdir)/@PACKAGE@
pkgincludedir = $(includedir)/@PACKAGE@
top_builddir = ../../..

ACLOCAL = @ACLOCAL@
AUTOCONF = @AUTOCONF@
AUTOMAKE = @AUTOMAKE@
AUTOHEADER = @AUTOHEADER@

INSTALL = @INSTALL@
INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
INSTALL_HEADER = $(INSTALL_DATA)
transform = @program_transform_name@
NORMAL_INSTALL = :
PRE_INSTALL = :
POST_INSTALL = :
NORMAL_UNINSTALL = :
PRE_UNINSTALL = :
POST_UNINSTALL = :
build_alias = @build_alias@
build_triplet = @build@
host_alias = @host_alias@
host_triplet = @host@
target_alias = @target_alias@
target_triplet = @target@
AMTAR = @AMTAR@
ARTSCCONFIG = @ARTSCCONFIG@
AS = @AS@
AUTODIRS = @AUTODIRS@
AWK = @AWK@
CC = @CC@
CONF_FILES = @CONF_FILES@
CPP = @CPP@
CXX = @CXX@
CXXCPP = @CXXCPP@
DCOPIDL = @DCOPIDL@
DCOPIDL2CPP = @DCOPIDL2CPP@
DCOP_DEPENDENCIES = @DCOP_DEPENDENCIES@
DEPDIR = @DEPDIR@
DLLTOOL = @DLLTOOL@
DPMSINC = @DPMSINC@
DPMSLIB = @DPMSLIB@
EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
GCJ = @GCJ@
GCJFLAGS = @GCJFLAGS@
GLINC = @GLINC@
GLLIB = @GLLIB@
GMSGFMT = @GMSGFMT@
IDL = @IDL@
IDL_DEPENDENCIES = @IDL_DEPENDENCIES@
INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM@
JAR = @JAR@
JAVAC = @JAVAC@
JAVAH = @JAVAH@
JVMLIBS = @JVMLIBS@
KDECONFIG = @KDECONFIG@
KDE_CXXFLAGS = @KDE_CXXFLAGS@
KDE_EXTRA_RPATH = @KDE_EXTRA_RPATH@
KDE_INCLUDES = @KDE_INCLUDES@
KDE_LDFLAGS = @KDE_LDFLAGS@
KDE_PLUGIN = @KDE_PLUGIN@
KDE_RPATH = @KDE_RPATH@
KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE = @KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE@
KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE = @KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE@
KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE = @KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE@
KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE = @KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE@
KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET = @KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET@
LIBCOMPAT = @LIBCOMPAT@
LIBCRYPT = @LIBCRYPT@
LIBDL = @LIBDL@
LIBGEN = @LIBGEN@
LIBJPEG = @LIBJPEG@
LIBMICO = @LIBMICO@
LIBOBJS = @LIBOBJS@
LIBPNG = @LIBPNG@
LIBPTHREAD = @LIBPTHREAD@
LIBPYTHON = @LIBPYTHON@
LIBQIMGIO = @LIBQIMGIO@
LIBRESOLV = @LIBRESOLV@
LIBSHADOW = @LIBSHADOW@
LIBSM = @LIBSM@
LIBSOCKET = @LIBSOCKET@
LIBTIFF = @LIBTIFF@
LIBTOOL = @LIBTOOL@
LIBUCB = @LIBUCB@
LIBUTIL = @LIBUTIL@
LIBXINERAMA = @LIBXINERAMA@
LIBZ = @LIBZ@
LIB_KAB = @LIB_KAB@
LIB_KDECORE = @LIB_KDECORE@
LIB_KDEUI = @LIB_KDEUI@
LIB_KFILE = @LIB_KFILE@
LIB_KFM = @LIB_KFM@
LIB_KFORMULA = @LIB_KFORMULA@
LIB_KHTML = @LIB_KHTML@
LIB_KIMGIO = @LIB_KIMGIO@
LIB_KIO = @LIB_KIO@
LIB_KPARTS = @LIB_KPARTS@
LIB_KSPELL = @LIB_KSPELL@
LIB_KSYCOCA = @LIB_KSYCOCA@
LIB_KWRITE = @LIB_KWRITE@
LIB_QT = @LIB_QT@
LIB_SMB = @LIB_SMB@
LIB_X11 = @LIB_X11@
LN_S = @LN_S@
MCOPIDL = @MCOPIDL@
MEINPROC = @MEINPROC@
MICO_INCLUDES = @MICO_INCLUDES@
MICO_LDFLAGS = @MICO_LDFLAGS@
MOC = @MOC@
MSGFMT = @MSGFMT@
NOOPT_CXXFLAGS = @NOOPT_CXXFLAGS@
NOREPO = @NOREPO@
OBJDUMP = @OBJDUMP@
OBJEXT = @OBJEXT@
PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@
PAMLIBS = @PAMLIBS@
PASSWDLIBS = @PASSWDLIBS@
PYTHONINC = @PYTHONINC@
PYTHONLIB = @PYTHONLIB@
PYTHONMODDIR = @PYTHONMODDIR@
QT_INCLUDES = @QT_INCLUDES@
QT_LDFLAGS = @QT_LDFLAGS@
RANLIB = @RANLIB@
REPO = @REPO@
SETUIDFLAGS = @SETUIDFLAGS@
STRIP = @STRIP@
TOPSUBDIRS = @TOPSUBDIRS@
UIC = @UIC@
UIC_TR = @UIC_TR@
USER_INCLUDES = @USER_INCLUDES@
USER_LDFLAGS = @USER_LDFLAGS@
USE_EXCEPTIONS = @USE_EXCEPTIONS@
USE_RTTI = @USE_RTTI@
USE_THREADS = @USE_THREADS@
VERSION = @VERSION@
XGETTEXT = @XGETTEXT@
XPMINC = @XPMINC@
XPMLIB = @XPMLIB@
X_EXTRA_LIBS = @X_EXTRA_LIBS@
X_INCLUDES = @X_INCLUDES@
X_LDFLAGS = @X_LDFLAGS@
X_PRE_LIBS = @X_PRE_LIBS@
all_includes = @all_includes@
all_libraries = @all_libraries@
am__include = @am__include@
am__quote = @am__quote@
idldir = @idldir@
install_sh = @install_sh@
jni_includes = @jni_includes@
kde_appsdir = @kde_appsdir@
kde_bindir = @kde_bindir@
kde_confdir = @kde_confdir@
kde_datadir = @kde_datadir@
kde_htmldir = @kde_htmldir@
kde_icondir = @kde_icondir@
kde_includes = @kde_includes@
kde_libraries = @kde_libraries@
kde_libs_htmldir = @kde_libs_htmldir@
kde_libs_prefix = @kde_libs_prefix@
kde_locale = @kde_locale@
kde_mimedir = @kde_mimedir@
kde_moduledir = @kde_moduledir@
kde_qtver = @kde_qtver@
kde_servicesdir = @kde_servicesdir@
kde_servicetypesdir = @kde_servicetypesdir@
kde_sounddir = @kde_sounddir@
kde_templatesdir = @kde_templatesdir@
kde_wallpaperdir = @kde_wallpaperdir@
micodir = @micodir@
qt_includes = @qt_includes@
qt_libraries = @qt_libraries@
x_includes = @x_includes@
x_libraries = @x_libraries@

EXTRA_DIST = $(wildcard *.html) $(wildcard *.htm)
docs_DATA = $(EXTRA_DIST)

docsdir = $(kde_htmldir)/en/kdevelop/$(subdir)
subdir = reference/C/backup
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/admin/mkinstalldirs
CONFIG_HEADER = $(top_builddir)/config.h
CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES =
DIST_SOURCES =
DATA = $(docs_DATA)

DIST_COMMON = Makefile.am Makefile.in
#>- all: all-am
#>+ 1
all: docs-am  all-am

.SUFFIXES:

mostlyclean-libtool:
	-rm -f *.lo

clean-libtool:
	-rm -rf .libs _libs

distclean-libtool:
	-rm -f libtool
$(srcdir)/Makefile.in:  Makefile.am  $(top_srcdir)/configure.in $(ACLOCAL_M4)
#>- 	cd $(top_srcdir) && \
#>- $(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/backup/Makefile
#>+ 3
	cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/backup/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/backup/Makefile.in
Makefile:  $(srcdir)/Makefile.in  $(top_builddir)/config.status
	cd $(top_builddir) && \
	CONFIG_HEADERS= CONFIG_LINKS= \
	CONFIG_FILES=$(subdir)/$@ $(SHELL) ./config.status
uninstall-info-am:
install-docsDATA: $(docs_DATA)
	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)
	@list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \
	if test -f "$$p"; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
	f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \
	echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \
	$(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
	done

uninstall-docsDATA:
	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
	@list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \
	f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \
	echo " rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \
	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
	done
tags: TAGS
TAGS:


#>- DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)
#>+ 4
KDE_DIST=mindxhed.htm mindxbdy.htm 

DISTFILES= $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST) $(KDE_DIST)


top_distdir = ../../..
distdir = $(top_distdir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)

distdir: $(DISTFILES)
	@for file in $(DISTFILES); do \
	if test -f $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
	dir=`echo "$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
	if test "$$dir" != "$$file" && test "$$dir" != "."; then \
	$(mkinstalldirs) "$(distdir)/$$dir"; \
	fi; \
	if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
	cp -pR $$d/$$file $(distdir) \
	|| exit 1; \
	else \
	test -f $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| cp -p $$d/$$file $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| exit 1; \
	fi; \
	done
check-am: all-am
check: check-am
all-am: Makefile $(DATA)

installdirs:
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)

install: install-am
install-exec: install-exec-am
install-data: install-data-am
uninstall: uninstall-am

install-am: all-am
	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am

installcheck: installcheck-am
install-strip:
	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
	`test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
	echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
mostlyclean-generic:

clean-generic:

distclean-generic:
	-rm -f Makefile $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES) stamp-h stamp-h[0-9]*

maintainer-clean-generic:
	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
#>- clean: clean-am
#>+ 1
clean: kde-rpo-clean  clean-am

clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am

distclean: distclean-am

distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic distclean-libtool

dvi: dvi-am

dvi-am:

info: info-am

info-am:

install-data-am: install-docsDATA

install-exec-am:

install-info: install-info-am

install-man:

installcheck-am:

maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am

maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic

mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am

mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool

uninstall-am: uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am

.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
	distclean distclean-generic distclean-libtool distdir dvi \
	dvi-am info info-am install install-am install-data \
	install-data-am install-docsDATA install-exec install-exec-am \
	install-info install-info-am install-man install-strip \
	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
	mostlyclean-libtool uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA \
	uninstall-info-am

# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:

#>+ 2
docs-am:

#>+ 6
force-reedit:
		cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/backup/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/backup/Makefile.in


#>+ 2
final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 2
no-final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
no-final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 3
cvs-clean:
	$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean

#>+ 3
kde-rpo-clean:
	-rm -f *.rpo
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/backup/mindxhed.htm0000644000076400001440000000441307055334733016210 Master Index.


    

    

    

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Top

C Keywords

Functions


    

    

    
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/backup/mindxbdy.htm0000644000076400001440000020264707055334732016236 


   
   
   Master Index.


 

    

    


    

     

     

    

    


    
?
    
    		



    
# 
    
    		



    
A
    
    		



    
B 
    
    		



    
C
    
    		



    
D 
    
    		



    
E
    
    		



    
F 
    
    		



    
G
    
    		



    
H 
    
    		



    
I
    
    		



    
J 
    
    		



    
K
    
    		



    
L 
    
    		

    


    


    
M
    
    		



    
N 
    
    		



    
O
    
    		



    
P 
    
    		



    
Q
    
    		



    
R 
    
    		



    
S
    
    		



    
T 
    
    		



    
U
    
    		



    
V 
    
    		



    
W
    
    		



    
X 
    
    		



    
Y
    
    		



    
Z 
    
    		

    

    


    
 

     

    


    


    



    
?

    


    
% format identifer. 

    


    
% Operator
(modulo). 

    


    
+ Operator
(addition). 

    


    
- Operator
(Subtraction). 

    


    
/ Operator
(division). 

    


    
/* Open a comment. 

    


    
// Inline
comment (C++).

    


    
* Operator
(Multiplication). 

    


    
* width/percision
formating character. 

    


    
* Pointer
operator (Unary). 

    


    
*/ Close a comment. 

    


    
-- Operator
(decrement). 

    


    
++ Operator
(increment). 

    


    
= Operator
(Assignment, Equals). 

    


    
*= Operator. 

    


    
/= Operator. 

    


    
%= Operator.

    


    
+= Operator. 

    


    
-= Operator. 

    


    
<<=
Operator.

    


    
>>= Operator.

    


    
&= Operator. 

    


    
^= Operator. 

    

    
     		



    

    
? continued

    


    
|= Operator.

    


    
== Operator. 

    


    
!= Operator. 

    


    
> Operator. 

    


    
< Operator.

    


    
>= Operator.

    


    
<= Operator. 

    


    
&&
Operator. 

    


    
|| Operator. 

    


    
! Operator. 

    


    
&
Reference Variables (C++).

    


    
& Bitwise
AND Operator (binary). 

    


    
| Bitwise
OR Operator (binary). 

    


    
^ Operator. 

    


    
<< Shift
Left Operator. 

    


    
>> Shift Right
Operator. 

    


    
~ Operator. 

    


    
& Address
of Operator (Unary). 

    


    
? Operator. 

    


    
: Operator. 

    


    
. Operator
(structure member). 

    


    
-> Operator
(structure pointer). 

    


    
... in function
declarations. 

    


    
, Comma
Operator. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
#

    


    
#include preprocessor 

    


    
#define preprocessor 

    


    
#if preprocessor 

    


    
#ifdef preprocessor 

    


    
#ifndef preprocessor 

    


    
#line preprocessor 

    

    
     		



    

    
# continued

    


    
#undef preprocessor 

    


    
#pragma preprocessor 

    


    
#else preprocessor 

    


    
#error preprocessor 

    


    
#elif preprocessor 

    


    
#endif preprocessor 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
A

    


    
abort a program. 

    


    
abs function.
Aboslute value of an integer. 

    


    
acos function. 

    


    
AND Operator. 

    


    
ANSI Standard
headers. 

    


    
Archive libraries.

    


    
ARGC and ARGV[]. 

    


    
Arithmetic Operators

    


    
Arrays

    


    
Arrarys of Structures. 

    


    
Array sorting

    


    
Assignment Operators

    

    
     		



    

    
A continued

    


    
Ascii table. 

    


    
asctime function 

    


    
asin function. 

    


    
assert function. 

    


    
Assignment
Constructors C++ class

    


    
atan function. 

    


    
atan function. 

    


    
atexit Execute the
named function when the program terminates. 

    


    
atof

    


    
atoi Accepts +-0123456789
leading blanks and converts to integer. 

    


    
atol

    


    
Audible Alert \a

    


    
auto keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
B

    


    
Backspace \b

    


    
Base conversion.

    


    
basename strip
directory information from a file name. 

    


    
Bell \a

    


    
Binary formating
problem.

    


    
Bits. 

    


    
Bitwise Operators

    

    
     		



    

    
B continued

    


    
Book list. 

    


    
boolean. 

    


    
bool datatype
(C++).

    


    
break keyword. 

    


    
bsearch function. 

    


    
Bytes. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
C

    


    
Carriage Return \r

    


    
case keyword. 

    


    
cast

    


    
ceil function. 

    


    
Change working
directory.

    


    
close function. 

    


    
closedir function. 

    


    
%c Character formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
char keyword. 

    


    
Character arrays

    


    
Character Constants.

    


    
Character I/P & O/P
in files.

    


    
chdir function. 

    


    
class C++
keyword 

    


    
class
Inheritance(C++)

    


    
class
keyword (C++)

    


    
clock function. 

    


    
clrscr Clear screen 

    


    
clrscr Program to clear
the screen using VT escape sequence.

    


    
Coding idioms.

    


    
Comma operator. 

    

    
     		



    

    
C continued

    


    
Command line arguments. 

    


    
C Comments.

    


    
Commentsin
C++. 

    


    
Comman coding errors.

    


    
Compare strings. 

    


    
Compare strings ignoring
case.

    


    
Compilers. 

    


    
Compiler Error messages (GCC). 

    


    
Completion codes. 

    


    
Concatenate strings.

    


    
const
keyword.

    


    
const keyword.
In classes

    


    
Constants.

    


    
constructors
C++ class

    


    
continue keyword. 

    


    
Conversion table between
ASCII Binary, Decimal, Hex 

    


    
Convert Unix file to DOS
format. 

    


    
Convert Unix path names
to DOS path names.. 

    


    
Copy
Constructors C++ class

    


    
Copy strings.

    


    
Copy a file.

    


    
Create Environmental variables.

    


    
ctime function 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
D

    


    
Data types. 

    


    
Data type conversion. 

    


    
Date functions. 

    


    
%d Decimal formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
Declaration

    


    
Debugging

    


    
Decimal Ascii table. 

    


    
Decrementing.

    


    
Default
Constructors C++ class

    


    
Default
Parameter values. (C++)

    


    
default keyword. 

    


    
#define Preprocessor

    


    
Definition

    

    
     		



    

    
D continued

    


    
deleteC++.

    


    
Destructors
C++ class

    


    
difftime function. 

    


    
Directory access
functions. 

    


    
Directory information
stipped from a file name. 

    


    
do keyword. 

    


    
Domain name.

    


    
double keyword. 

    


    
Download the source. 

    


    
dup duplicate
a file descriptor. 

    


    
dup2 duplicate
a file descriptor. 

    


    
dynamically allocate
memory.

    


    
dynamic libraries. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
E

    


    
%e formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
#elif preprocessor

    


    
#else preprocessor

    


    
else keyword. 

    


    
#edif preprocessor

    


    
endpwent function. 

    


    
enum keyword. 

    


    
enum.
C++ changes.

    


    
environ example. 

    


    
errno.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
#error preprocessor

    


    
escape codes. 

    


    
Environmental variables.

    


    
Evaluation of operators. 

    

    
     		



    

    
E continued

    


    
Example programs.

    


    
execl function.

    


    
execlp function.

    


    
execle function.

    


    
exect function.

    


    
execv function.

    


    
execvp function.

    


    
exit function. 

    


    
Expressions. 

    


    
extern
keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
F

    


    
File descriptor

    


    
%f formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
fabs function. 

    


    
FALSE. 

    


    
fclose Close a file. 

    


    
feof Check for EOF
while reading a file. 

    


    
fgetc Read a character
from a file. 

    


    
fgetpwent function. 

    


    
fgets

    


    
field width.
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
File status, permissions,
ownership etc. 

    


    
Float arrays

    


    
float keyword. 

    


    
float.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
Floating point
Constants.

    


    
floor function. 

    

    
     		



    

    
F continued

    


    
fopen Open a file 

    


    
format flags.
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
fork a child
process. 

    


    
Formfeed \f Read
a record from a file (safer than fgetc). 

    


    
for keyword 

    


    
formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
fprintf O/P a line
of data to a file. 

    


    
fputc Write a character
to a file.

    


    
friend
C++ keyword.

    


    
free function to release
memory allocated with malloc. 

    


    
fputs Write a string
to a file. 

    


    
fstat File status,
permissions, ownership etc. 

    


    
functions writing. 

    


    
functions ANSI library. 

    


    
Function
Overloading. (C++)

    


    
Functions (pointers
to). 

    


    
Functions (static). 

    


    
static
functions in C++.

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
G

    


    
%g formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
GDB debugger

    


    
getenv Get an environmental
variable. 

    


    
getchar Get a character
from the keyboard (STDIN). 

    


    
getc Get a character
from an input stream. 

    


    
getch function. 

    


    
getche function. 

    


    
geteuid function.
Get a Users effective ID. 

    


    
gethostname
function. Get the name of this host! 

    


    
getopt function.
Parse the command line. 

    

    
     		



    

    
G continued

    


    
getpid function.
Get the process id. 

    


    
getppid function.
Get the parent process id. 

    


    
getpw function. 

    


    
getpwent function. 

    


    
getpwnam Get a record
from /etc/passwd by keying on the user name. 

    


    
getpwuid Get a record
from /etc/passwd by keying on the UID. 

    


    
gets function. Get
string (from keyboard). 

    


    
getuid function.
Get a Users real ID. 

    


    
Global
variables. 

    


    
Glossary (C)

    


    
Glossary (C++) 

    


    
gmtime function 

    


    
goto keyword. 

    


    
Got Ya! Comman coding
errors. 

    


    
 GREP command for DOS users.

    


    
Group ID.

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
H

    


    
Headers (standard). 

    


    
Hex base conversion.

    


    
Hex dump program. 

    


    
Hex table. 

    

    
     		



    



    
H continued

    


    
Hex Character constant
\x

    


    
Hex formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
Horizontal tab \t

    


    
Host name via the 

    


    
uname function. 

    


    
Host name via the 

    


    
gethostname
function. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
I

    


    
%i Decimal formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
Idioms.

    


    
Incrementing. 

    


    
#include Preprocessor

    


    
#if preprocessor

    


    
#ifdef preprocessor

    


    
#ifndef preprocessor

    


    
if keyword. 

    


    
index Search for
a character in a string. 

    


    
inline
C++ keyword.

    


    
Inheritance
(C++)

    


    
input from the keyboard

    


    
int keyword. 

    


    
Integer arrays

    


    
Integer Constants.

    


    
integer
formatting. 

    


    
I/O. 

    

    
     		



    

    
I continued

    


    
input from the keyboard

    


    
int keyword. 

    


    
Integer arrays

    


    
Integer Constants.

    


    
integer
formatting. 

    


    
I/O. 

    


    
isalnum Checks
whether a character is alphanumeric (A-Z, a-z, 0-9) 

    


    
iscntrl Checks
whether a character is a control character or delete ( decimal 0-31 and
127) 

    


    
isdigit Checks
whether a character is a digit (0-9) 

    


    
isgraph Checks
whether a character is a printable character, excluding the space (decimal
32) 

    


    
islower Checks
whether a character is a lower case letter (a-z). 

    


    
isprint Checks
whether a character is printable (decimal 32-126). 

    


    
ispunct Checks
whether a character is punctuation (decimal 32-47, 58-63, 91-96, 123-126) 

    


    
isspace Checks
whether a character is white space - space, CR HT VT NL, FF. 

    


    
isupper Checks
whether a character is an upper case letter (A-Z). 

    


    
isxdigit Checks
whether a character is hex digit (0-9, A-F, a-f). 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
J

    

    
     		



    



    
J continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
K

    


    
keyboard input. 

    


    
Keywords.

    


    
Keywordsadded
to C++ 

    


    
kill a process.

    

    
     		



    



    
K continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
L

    


    
labs function. 

    


    
libraries (user)

    


    
limits.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
#line preprocessor

    


    
Linked lists

    


    
locale.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
Local variables. 

    


    
localtime function. 

    

    
     		



    

    
L continued

    


    
Logical AND
Operator. 

    


    
Logical OR
Operator. 

    


    
long keyword. 

    


    
setjmp.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
Love Tim Love's
C programming documentation. 

    


    
Low level I/O. 

    


    
Lowercase to uppercase
character conversion.

    


    
lstat function. Get
file status, permissions, ownership etc. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
M

    


    
Macros

    


    
Machine type.

    


    
malloc function to
dynamically allocate memory. 

    


    
math.h. 

    


    
member of a structure. 

    


    
memchr function. 

    


    
memcmp function. 

    

    
     		



    

    
M continued

    


    
memcpy function. 

    


    
memove function. 

    


    
memset function. 

    


    
mkdir function. 

    


    
mktime function. 

    


    
Mirror sites.

    


    
modulo. 

    


    
Modifiers. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
N

    


    
%n formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
namespace
C++ keyword.

    


    
new
C++.

    


    
Newline \n

    


    
NOT Operator. 

    


    
Null.

    


    
Number base conversion.

    


    
Number base converter.

    


    
Nutshell book examples.

    

    
     		



    



    
N continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
O

    


    
%o Octal formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
\o Octal Character constant

    


    
open function. 

    


    
opendir function. 

    


    
operator
C++ keyword.

    


    
Operators Operator 

    


    
Precedence. 

    


    
Operand definition. 

    


    
OR Operator. 

    


    
O'Reilly books.

    

    
     		



    

    
O continued

    


    
Overloading
Functions. (C++)

    

    
    		

    


    


    

    
P

    


    
%p formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
password functions. 

    


    
pclose Close a pipe. 

    


    
perl in C code. 

    


    
pipe function. 

    


    
Pointers

    


    
Pointers to arrays.

    


    
Pointers to
functions. 

    


    
Pointers to pointers. 

    


    
Pointers to Strings. 

    


    
Pointers to structures. 

    


    
pointer (void). 

    


    
popen Open a pipe. 

    


    
pow raise a
number by a given power. 

    


    
Practical C (O'Reilly)
examples.

    

    
     		



    

    
P continued

    


    
#pragma preprocessor

    


    
Precedence of operators. 

    


    
Preprocessor instructions

    


    
printenv program. 

    


    
printf O/P data to
the screen or a file. 

    


    
Problems for you to
solve.

    


    
Process ID.

    


    
Process - is a PID
active? 

    


    
Program examples.

    


    
Program name.

    


    
putc 

    


    
putchar. O/P a character to STDOUT. 

    


    
putenv Create an environmental
variable. 

    


    
puts O/P data to the
screen or a file. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
Q

    


    
qsort

    


    
qsort O'Reilly
'Using C' example. 

    

    
     		



    



    
Q continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
R

    


    
\r Carriage Return

    


    
rand function. 

    


    
random numbers. 

    


    
RAND_MAX numbers. 

    


    
read function. 

    


    
readdir function. 

    


    
Read data from a file.

    


    
Reference
Variables (C++).

    

    
     		



    

    
R continued

    


    
register
keyword.

    


    
Relational Operators

    


    
Remote Procedure Calls

    


    
rename function.
Rename a file.

    


    
Return code.

    


    
return keyword.

    


    
reverse Program to reverse
characters in a string.

    


    
rewinddir function.

    


    
rint function.

    


    
rmdir function.

    


    
RPC Remote Procedure CAlls 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
S

    


    
S_ISLNK Is
this a link.

    


    
S_ISREG Is
this a regular file.

    


    
S_ISDIR Is
this a directory

    


    
S_ISCHR

    


    
S_ISBLK

    


    
S_ISFIFO

    


    
S_ISSOCK

    


    
%s String formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
scandir function. 

    


    
scanf 

    


    
scope. 

    


    
seekdir function. 

    


    
setenv Create an environmental
variable. 

    


    
setjmp.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
setpwent function. 

    


    
setuid function. 

    


    
short
keyword. 

    


    
signal.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
signed
keyword. 

    


    
sizeof. Return the storage
allocation for a 

    


    
data type.

    


    
sleep function.
Pause for the specified number of seconds. 

    


    
sort an array. 

    


    
sprintf O/P data
in tha same way as 'printf' but put it into a string. 

    


    
sqrt Square
root of a number. 

    


    
srand function. 

    


    
sscanf function. 

    


    
Standard
C++ Library

    


    
Standard headers. 

    


    
Standard headers. 

    


    
stat function. Get
file status, permissions, ownership etc. 

    


    
statfs
function. Get filesystem status, free blocks, block size etc. 

    


    
static
keyword. 

    


    
static
in C++.

    


    
static libraries. 

    


    
stdarg.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
stddef.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
STDERR

    


    
STDIN

    


    
stdlib.h. 

    


    
STDOUT

    


    
Storage clase. 

    


    
strcat function.
Concatenate strings. 

    


    
strcasecmp Compare strings
ignoring case. 

    


    
strchr Search for
a character in a string. 

    


    
strcmp Compare strings. 

    


    
strcoll function.
Compare two strings. 

    

    
     		



    

    
S continued

    


    
strcpy Move strings. 

    


    
strcspn function.
Search a string for a set of characters. 

    


    
strftime function. 

    


    
String Constants.

    


    
String pointers. 

    


    
String formating. 

    


    
strlen

    


    
strncat function.
Concatenate strings. 

    


    
strncmp Compare
strings. 

    


    
strncpy Copy N bytes
from one string to another. 

    


    
strpbrk function 

    


    
strrchr Search for
a character in a string. 

    


    
strrchr function. 

    


    
strspn function. 

    


    
strstr function.
Search a string for a substring. 

    


    
strtok function.
The books say this function splits a string into tokens. I think its function
is best described as parsing a string. 

    


    
strtol Convert String
to a long integer. 

    


    
struct keyword. 

    


    
Structure arrays. 

    


    
Structure basics. 

    


    
Structure membership. 

    


    
Structure pointers. 

    


    
strxfrm function.

    


    
swap two values. 

    


    
switch keyword. 

    


    
Syntax.

    


    
system Issue a system
command. 

    


    
system calls. 

    


    
system information. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
T

    


    
\t Horizontal tab

    


    
telldir function. 

    


    
threads. 

    


    
time functions. 

    


    
time.h header. 

    

    
     		



    

    
T continued

    


    
tolower function.
Convert an uppercase character to lowercase. 

    


    
toupper function.
Converts a lowercase character to uppercase. 

    


    
TRUE. 

    


    
Tutorials on the net. 

    


    
Data type conversion. 

    


    
typedef keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
U

    


    
%u formatting. 

    


    
uname function. 

    


    
#undef preprocessor

    


    
union keyword. 

    


    
unistd header. 

    


    
Unix to DOS file conversion. 

    

    
     		



    

    
U continued

    


    
unlink function,
delete a file. 

    


    
unsetenv function. Remove
an environmental variable. 

    


    
unsigned
keyword. 

    


    
unsigned integer
formatting. 

    


    
Uppercase to lowercase
character conversion.

    


    
Users /etc/passwd entry.

    


    
Using C (O'Reilly) examples.

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
V

    


    
va_arg

    


    
va_end

    


    
va_list

    


    
va_start

    


    
Variables.

    


    
Variable definition.

    


    
Variable function
parameter lists

    


    
Variables
- Reference(C++).

    

    
     		



    

    
V continued

    


    
Vertical tab \v

    


    
vfprintf. Print
a va_list to a file. 

    


    
vprintf. Print
a va_list 

    


    
vsprintf. O/P
a va_list into a string. 

    


    
void keyword. 

    


    
void *(void
pointer). 

    


    
volatile keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
W

    


    
Width of a field.
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
while keyword. 

    


    
Why use pointers?. 

    


    
write function. 

    


    
Write data to a file.

    

    
     		



    

    
W continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
X

    


    
\x Hex Character constant

    


    
%x Hex formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
X program examples. 

    

    
     		



    

    
X continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
Y

    

    
     		



    

    
Y continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
Z

    

    
     		



    

    
Z continued

    

    
     		

    

    


    

    

    
Top

Master Index

Keywords

Functions

    

    


    

    
Martin Leslie
    



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	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)
	@list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \
	if test -f "$$p"; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
	f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \
	echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \
	$(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
	done

uninstall-docsDATA:
	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
	@list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \
	f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \
	echo " rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \
	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
	done

# This directory's subdirectories are mostly independent; you can cd
# into them and run `make' without going through this Makefile.
# To change the values of `make' variables: instead of editing Makefiles,
# (1) if the variable is set in `config.status', edit `config.status'
#     (which will cause the Makefiles to be regenerated when you run `make');
# (2) otherwise, pass the desired values on the `make' command line.
$(RECURSIVE_TARGETS):
	@set fnord $(MAKEFLAGS); amf=$$2; \
	dot_seen=no; \
	target=`echo $@ | sed s/-recursive//`; \
	list='$(SUBDIRS)'; for subdir in $$list; do \
	echo "Making $$target in $$subdir"; \
	if test "$$subdir" = "."; then \
	dot_seen=yes; \
	local_target="$$target-am"; \
	else \
	local_target="$$target"; \
	fi; \
	(cd $$subdir && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) $$local_target) \
	|| case "$$amf" in *=*) exit 1;; *k*) fail=yes;; *) exit 1;; esac; \
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	if test "$$dot_seen" = "no"; then \
	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) "$$target-am" || exit 1; \
	fi; test -z "$$fail"

mostlyclean-recursive clean-recursive distclean-recursive \
	maintainer-clean-recursive:
	@set fnord $(MAKEFLAGS); amf=$$2; \
	dot_seen=no; \
	case "$@" in \
	distclean-* | maintainer-clean-*) list='$(DIST_SUBDIRS)' ;; \
	*) list='$(SUBDIRS)' ;; \
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	rev=''; for subdir in $$list; do \
	if test "$$subdir" = "."; then :; else \
	rev="$$subdir $$rev"; \
	fi; \
	done; \
	rev="$$rev ."; \
	target=`echo $@ | sed s/-recursive//`; \
	for subdir in $$rev; do \
	echo "Making $$target in $$subdir"; \
	if test "$$subdir" = "."; then \
	local_target="$$target-am"; \
	else \
	local_target="$$target"; \
	fi; \
	(cd $$subdir && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) $$local_target) \
	|| case "$$amf" in *=*) exit 1;; *k*) fail=yes;; *) exit 1;; esac; \
	done && test -z "$$fail"
tags-recursive:
	list='$(SUBDIRS)'; for subdir in $$list; do \
	test "$$subdir" = . || (cd $$subdir && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) tags); \
	done

tags: TAGS

ID: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES) $(LISP) $(TAGS_FILES)
	list='$(SOURCES) $(HEADERS) $(TAGS_FILES)'; \
	unique=`for i in $$list; do \
	if test -f "$$i"; then echo $$i; else echo $(srcdir)/$$i; fi; \
	done | \
	$(AWK) '    { files[$$0] = 1; } \
	END { for (i in files) print i; }'`; \
	mkid -fID $$unique $(LISP)

TAGS: tags-recursive $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)  $(TAGS_DEPENDENCIES) \
	$(TAGS_FILES) $(LISP)
	tags=; \
	here=`pwd`; \
	list='$(SUBDIRS)'; for subdir in $$list; do \
	if test "$$subdir" = .; then :; else \
	test -f $$subdir/TAGS && tags="$$tags -i $$here/$$subdir/TAGS"; \
	fi; \
	done; \
	list='$(SOURCES) $(HEADERS) $(TAGS_FILES)'; \
	unique=`for i in $$list; do \
	if test -f "$$i"; then echo $$i; else echo $(srcdir)/$$i; fi; \
	done | \
	$(AWK) '    { files[$$0] = 1; } \
	END { for (i in files) print i; }'`; \
	test -z "$(ETAGS_ARGS)$$unique$(LISP)$$tags" \
	|| etags $(ETAGS_ARGS) $$tags  $$unique $(LISP)

GTAGS:
	here=`CDPATH=: && cd $(top_builddir) && pwd` \
	&& cd $(top_srcdir) \
	&& gtags -i $(GTAGS_ARGS) $$here

distclean-tags:
	-rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH

#>- DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)
#>+ 4
KDE_DIST=blueball.gif master_index.html glossary.html cref.html master.gif compiler.html future.html c.html 

DISTFILES= $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST) $(KDE_DIST)


top_distdir = ../..
distdir = $(top_distdir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)

distdir: $(DISTFILES)
	@for file in $(DISTFILES); do \
	if test -f $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
	dir=`echo "$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
	if test "$$dir" != "$$file" && test "$$dir" != "."; then \
	$(mkinstalldirs) "$(distdir)/$$dir"; \
	fi; \
	if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
	cp -pR $$d/$$file $(distdir) \
	|| exit 1; \
	else \
	test -f $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| cp -p $$d/$$file $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| exit 1; \
	fi; \
	done
	for subdir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
	if test "$$subdir" = .; then :; else \
	test -d $(distdir)/$$subdir \
	|| mkdir $(distdir)/$$subdir \
	|| exit 1; \
	(cd $$subdir && \
	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) \
	top_distdir="$(top_distdir)" \
	distdir=../$(distdir)/$$subdir \
	distdir) \
	|| exit 1; \
	fi; \
	done
check-am: all-am
check: check-recursive
all-am: Makefile $(DATA)
installdirs: installdirs-recursive
installdirs-am:
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)

install: install-recursive
install-exec: install-exec-recursive
install-data: install-data-recursive
uninstall: uninstall-recursive

install-am: all-am
	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am

installcheck: installcheck-recursive
install-strip:
	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
	`test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
	echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
mostlyclean-generic:

clean-generic:

distclean-generic:
	-rm -f Makefile $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES) stamp-h stamp-h[0-9]*

maintainer-clean-generic:
	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
#>- clean: clean-recursive
#>+ 1
clean: kde-rpo-clean  clean-recursive

clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am

distclean: distclean-recursive

distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic distclean-libtool \
	distclean-tags

dvi: dvi-recursive

dvi-am:

info: info-recursive

info-am:

install-data-am: install-docsDATA

install-exec-am:

install-info: install-info-recursive

install-man:

installcheck-am:

maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-recursive

maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic

mostlyclean: mostlyclean-recursive

mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool

uninstall-am: uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am

uninstall-info: uninstall-info-recursive

.PHONY: $(RECURSIVE_TARGETS) GTAGS all all-am check check-am clean \
	clean-generic clean-libtool clean-recursive distclean \
	distclean-generic distclean-libtool distclean-recursive \
	distclean-tags distdir dvi dvi-am dvi-recursive info info-am \
	info-recursive install install-am install-data install-data-am \
	install-data-recursive install-docsDATA install-exec \
	install-exec-am install-exec-recursive install-info \
	install-info-am install-info-recursive install-man \
	install-recursive install-strip installcheck installcheck-am \
	installdirs installdirs-am installdirs-recursive \
	maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic \
	maintainer-clean-recursive mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
	mostlyclean-libtool mostlyclean-recursive tags tags-recursive \
	uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am \
	uninstall-info-recursive uninstall-recursive

# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:

#>+ 2
docs-am:

#>+ 6
force-reedit:
		cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/Makefile.in


#>+ 2
final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 2
no-final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
no-final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 3
cvs-clean:
	$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean

#>+ 3
kde-rpo-clean:
	-rm -f *.rpo
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/master_index.html0000644000076400001440000020214007055333557016001 


   
   
   Master Index.


 

    

    


    

     

     

    

    


    
?
    
    		



    
# 
    
    		



    
A
    
    		



    
B 
    
    		



    
C
    
    		



    
D 
    
    		



    
E
    
    		



    
F 
    
    		



    
G
    
    		



    
H 
    
    		



    
I
    
    		



    
J 
    
    		



    
K
    
    		



    
L 
    
    		

    


    


    
M
    
    		



    
N 
    
    		



    
O
    
    		



    
P 
    
    		



    
Q
    
    		



    
R 
    
    		



    
S
    
    		



    
T 
    
    		



    
U
    
    		



    
V 
    
    		



    
W
    
    		



    
X 
    
    		



    
Y
    
    		



    
Z 
    
    		

    

    


    
 


    


    
 


    
?

    


    
% format identifer. 

    


    
% Operator
(modulo). 

    


    
+ Operator
(addition). 

    


    
- Operator
(Subtraction). 

    


    
/ Operator
(division). 

    


    
/* Open a comment. 

    


    
// Inline
comment (C++).

    


    
* Operator
(Multiplication). 

    


    
* width/percision
formating character. 

    


    
* Pointer
operator (Unary). 

    


    
*/ Close a comment. 

    


    
-- Operator
(decrement). 

    


    
++ Operator
(increment). 

    


    
= Operator
(Assignment, Equals). 

    


    
*= Operator. 

    


    
/= Operator. 

    


    
%= Operator.

    


    
+= Operator. 

    


    
-= Operator. 

    


    
<<=
Operator.

    


    
>>= Operator.

    


    
&= Operator. 

    


    
^= Operator. 

    

    
     		



    

    
? continued

    


    
|= Operator.

    


    
== Operator. 

    


    
!= Operator. 

    


    
> Operator. 

    


    
< Operator.

    


    
>= Operator.

    


    
<= Operator. 

    


    
&&
Operator. 

    


    
|| Operator. 

    


    
! Operator. 

    


    
&
Reference Variables (C++).

    


    
& Bitwise
AND Operator (binary). 

    


    
| Bitwise
OR Operator (binary). 

    


    
^ Operator. 

    


    
<< Shift
Left Operator. 

    


    
>> Shift Right
Operator. 

    


    
~ Operator. 

    


    
& Address
of Operator (Unary). 

    


    
? Operator. 

    


    
: Operator. 

    


    
. Operator
(structure member). 

    


    
-> Operator
(structure pointer). 

    


    
... in function
declarations. 

    


    
, Comma
Operator. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
#

    


    
#include preprocessor 

    


    
#define preprocessor 

    


    
#if preprocessor 

    


    
#ifdef preprocessor 

    


    
#ifndef preprocessor 

    


    
#line preprocessor 

    

    
     		



    

    
# continued

    


    
#undef preprocessor 

    


    
#pragma preprocessor 

    


    
#else preprocessor 

    


    
#error preprocessor 

    


    
#elif preprocessor 

    


    
#endif preprocessor 

    

    
     		

    


    


    
 


    
A

    


    
abort a program. 

    


    
abs function.
Aboslute value of an integer. 

    


    
acos function. 

    


    
AND Operator. 

    


    
ANSI Standard
headers. 

    


    
Archive libraries.

    


    
ARGC and ARGV[]. 

    


    
Arithmetic Operators

    


    
Arrays

    


    
Arrarys of Structures. 

    


    
Array sorting

    


    
Assignment Operators

    

    
     		



    

    
A continued

    


    
Ascii table. 

    


    
asctime function 

    


    
asin function. 

    


    
assert function. 

    


    
Assignment
Constructors C++ class

    


    
atan function. 

    


    
atan function. 

    


    
atexit Execute the
named function when the program terminates. 

    


    
atof

    


    
atoi Accepts +-0123456789
leading blanks and converts to integer. 

    


    
atol

    


    
Audible Alert \a

    


    
auto keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    
 


    
B

    


    
Backspace \b

    


    
Base conversion.

    


    
basename strip
directory information from a file name. 

    


    
Bell \a

    


    
Binary formating
problem.

    


    
Bits. 

    


    
Bitwise Operators

    

    
     		



    

    
B continued

    


    
Book list. 

    


    
boolean. 

    


    
bool datatype
(C++).

    


    
break keyword. 

    


    
bsearch function. 

    


    
Bytes. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    
 


    
C

    


    
Carriage Return \r

    


    
case keyword. 

    


    
cast

    


    
ceil function. 

    


    
Change working
directory.

    


    
close function. 

    


    
closedir function. 

    


    
%c Character formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
char keyword. 

    


    
Character arrays

    


    
Character Constants.

    


    
Character I/P & O/P
in files.

    


    
chdir function. 

    


    
class C++
keyword 

    


    
class
Inheritance(C++)

    


    
class
keyword (C++)

    


    
clock function. 

    


    
clrscr Clear screen 

    


    
clrscr Program to clear
the screen using VT escape sequence.

    


    
Coding idioms.

    


    
Comma operator. 

    

    
     		



    

    
C continued

    


    
Command line arguments. 

    


    
C Comments.

    


    
Commentsin
C++. 

    


    
Comman coding errors.

    


    
Compare strings. 

    


    
Compare strings ignoring
case.

    


    
Compilers. 

    


    
Compiler Error messages (GCC). 

    


    
Completion codes. 

    


    
Concatenate strings.

    


    
const
keyword.

    


    
const keyword.
In
classes

    


    
Constants.

    


    
constructors
C++ class

    


    
continue keyword. 

    


    
Conversion table between
ASCII Binary, Decimal, Hex 

    


    
Convert Unix file to DOS
format. 

    


    
Convert Unix path names
to DOS path names.. 

    


    
Copy
Constructors C++ class

    


    
Copy strings.

    


    
Copy a file.

    


    
Create Environmental variables.

    


    
ctime function 

    

    
     		

    


    


    
 


    
D

    


    
Data types. 

    


    
Data type conversion. 

    


    
Date functions. 

    


    
%d Decimal formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
Declaration

    


    
Debugging

    


    
Decimal Ascii table. 

    


    
Decrementing.

    


    
Default
Constructors C++ class

    


    
Default
Parameter values. (C++)

    


    
default keyword. 

    


    
#define Preprocessor

    


    
Definition

    

    
     		



    

    
D continued

    


    
deleteC++.

    


    
Destructors
C++ class

    


    
difftime function. 

    


    
Directory access
functions. 

    


    
Directory information
stipped from a file name. 

    


    
do keyword. 

    


    
Domain name.

    


    
double keyword. 

    


    
Download the source. 

    


    
dup duplicate
a file descriptor. 

    


    
dup2 duplicate
a file descriptor. 

    


    
dynamically allocate
memory.

    


    
dynamic libraries. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    
 


    
E

    


    
%e formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
#elif preprocessor

    


    
#else preprocessor

    


    
else keyword. 

    


    
#edif preprocessor

    


    
endpwent function. 

    


    
enum keyword. 

    


    
enum.
C++ changes.

    


    
environ example. 

    


    
errno.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
#error preprocessor

    


    
escape codes. 

    


    
Environmental variables.

    


    
Evaluation of operators. 

    

    
     		



    

    
E continued

    


    
Example programs.

    


    
execl function.

    


    
execlp function.

    


    
execle function.

    


    
exect function.

    


    
execv function.

    


    
execvp function.

    


    
exit function. 

    


    
Expressions. 

    


    
extern
keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    
 


    
F

    


    
File descriptor

    


    
%f formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
fabs function. 

    


    
FALSE. 

    


    
fclose Close a file. 

    


    
feof Check for EOF
while reading a file. 

    


    
fgetc Read a character
from a file. 

    


    
fgetpwent function. 

    


    
fgets

    


    
field width.
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
File status, permissions,
ownership etc. 

    


    
Float arrays

    


    
float keyword. 

    


    
float.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
Floating point
Constants.

    


    
floor function. 

    

    
     		



    

    
F continued

    


    
fopen Open a file 

    


    
format flags.
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
fork a child
process. 

    


    
Formfeed \f Read
a record from a file (safer than fgetc). 

    


    
for keyword 

    


    
formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
fprintf O/P a line
of data to a file. 

    


    
fputc Write a character
to a file.

    


    
friend
C++ keyword.

    


    
free function to release
memory allocated with malloc. 

    


    
fputs Write a string
to a file. 

    


    
fstat File status,
permissions, ownership etc. 

    


    
functions writing. 

    


    
functions ANSI library. 

    


    
Function
Overloading. (C++)

    


    
Functions (pointers
to). 

    


    
Functions (static). 

    


    
static
functions in C++.

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
G

    


    
%g formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
GDB debugger

    


    
getenv Get an environmental
variable. 

    


    
getchar Get a character
from the keyboard (STDIN). 

    


    
getc Get a character
from an input stream. 

    


    
getch function. 

    


    
getche function. 

    


    
geteuid function.
Get a Users effective ID. 

    


    
gethostname
function. Get the name of this host! 

    


    
getopt function.
Parse the command line. 

    

    
     		



    

    
G continued

    


    
getpid function.
Get the process id. 

    


    
getppid function.
Get the parent process id. 

    


    
getpw function. 

    


    
getpwent function. 

    


    
getpwnam Get a record
from /etc/passwd by keying on the user name. 

    


    
getpwuid Get a record
from /etc/passwd by keying on the UID. 

    


    
gets function. Get
string (from keyboard). 

    


    
getuid function.
Get a Users real ID. 

    


    
Global
variables. 

    


    
Glossary (C)

    


    
Glossary (C++) 

    


    
gmtime function 

    


    
goto keyword. 

    


    
Got Ya! Comman coding
errors. 

    


    
 GREP command for DOS users.

    


    
Group ID.

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
H

    


    
Headers (standard). 

    


    
Hex base conversion.

    


    
Hex dump program. 

    


    
Hex table. 

    

    
     		



    



    
H continued

    


    
Hex Character constant
\x

    


    
Hex formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
Horizontal tab \t

    


    
Host name via the 

    


    
uname function. 

    


    
Host name via the 

    


    
gethostname
function. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
I

    


    
%i Decimal formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
Idioms.

    


    
Incrementing. 

    


    
#include Preprocessor

    


    
#if preprocessor

    


    
#ifdef preprocessor

    


    
#ifndef preprocessor

    


    
if keyword. 

    


    
index Search for
a character in a string. 

    


    
inline
C++ keyword.

    


    
Inheritance
(C++)

    


    
input from the keyboard

    


    
int keyword. 

    


    
Integer arrays

    


    
Integer Constants.

    


    
integer
formatting. 

    


    
I/O. 

    

    
     		



    

    
I continued

    


    
input from the keyboard

    


    
int keyword. 

    


    
Integer arrays

    


    
Integer Constants.

    


    
integer
formatting. 

    


    
I/O. 

    


    
isalnum Checks
whether a character is alphanumeric (A-Z, a-z, 0-9) 

    


    
iscntrl Checks
whether a character is a control character or delete ( decimal 0-31 and
127) 

    


    
isdigit Checks
whether a character is a digit (0-9) 

    


    
isgraph Checks
whether a character is a printable character, excluding the space (decimal
32) 

    


    
islower Checks
whether a character is a lower case letter (a-z). 

    


    
isprint Checks
whether a character is printable (decimal 32-126). 

    


    
ispunct Checks
whether a character is punctuation (decimal 32-47, 58-63, 91-96, 123-126) 

    


    
isspace Checks
whether a character is white space - space, CR HT VT NL, FF. 

    


    
isupper Checks
whether a character is an upper case letter (A-Z). 

    


    
isxdigit Checks
whether a character is hex digit (0-9, A-F, a-f). 

    

    
     		

    


    


    



    
J

    

    
     		



    



    
J continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
K

    


    
keyboard input. 

    


    
Keywords.

    


    
Keywordsadded
to C++ 

    


    
kill a process.

    

    
     		



    



    
K continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
L

    


    
labs function. 

    


    
libraries (user)

    


    
limits.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
#line preprocessor

    


    
Linked lists

    


    
locale.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
Local variables. 

    


    
localtime function. 

    

    
     		



    

    
L continued

    


    
Logical AND
Operator. 

    


    
Logical OR
Operator. 

    


    
long keyword. 

    


    
setjmp.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
Love Tim Love's
C programming documentation. 

    


    
Low level I/O. 

    


    
Lowercase to uppercase
character conversion.

    


    
lstat function. Get
file status, permissions, ownership etc. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
M

    


    
Macros

    


    
Machine type.

    


    
malloc function to
dynamically allocate memory. 

    


    
math.h. 

    


    
member of a structure. 

    


    
memchr function. 

    


    
memcmp function. 

    

    
     		



    

    
M continued

    


    
memcpy function. 

    


    
memove function. 

    


    
memset function. 

    


    
mkdir function. 

    


    
mktime function. 

    


    
Mirror sites.

    


    
modulo. 

    


    
Modifiers. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
N

    


    
%n formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
namespace
C++ keyword.

    


    
new
C++.

    


    
Newline \n

    


    
NOT Operator. 

    


    
Null.

    


    
Number base conversion.

    


    
Number base converter.

    


    
Nutshell book examples.

    

    
     		



    



    
N continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
O

    


    
%o Octal formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
\o Octal Character constant

    


    
open function. 

    


    
opendir function. 

    


    
operator
C++ keyword.

    


    
Operators Operator 

    


    
Precedence. 

    


    
Operand definition. 

    


    
OR Operator. 

    


    
O'Reilly books.

    

    
     		



    

    
O continued

    


    
Overloading
Functions. (C++)

    

    
    		

    


    


    

    
P

    


    
%p formatting (printf,
scanf etc) 

    


    
password functions. 

    


    
pclose Close a pipe. 

    


    
perl in C code. 

    


    
pipe function. 

    


    
Pointers

    


    
Pointers to arrays.

    


    
Pointers to
functions. 

    


    
Pointers to pointers. 

    


    
Pointers to Strings. 

    


    
Pointers to structures. 

    


    
pointer (void). 

    


    
popen Open a pipe. 

    


    
pow raise a
number by a given power. 

    


    
Practical C (O'Reilly)
examples.

    

    
     		



    

    
P continued

    


    
#pragma preprocessor

    


    
Precedence of operators. 

    


    
Preprocessor instructions

    


    
printenv program. 

    


    
printf O/P data to
the screen or a file. 

    


    
Problems for you to
solve.

    


    
Process ID.

    


    
Process - is a PID
active? 

    


    
Program examples.

    


    
Program name.

    


    
putc 

    


    
putchar. O/P a character to STDOUT. 

    


    
putenv Create an environmental
variable. 

    


    
puts O/P data to the
screen or a file. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
Q

    


    
qsort

    


    
qsort O'Reilly
'Using C' example. 

    

    
     		



    



    
Q continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
R

    


    
\r Carriage Return

    


    
rand function. 

    


    
random numbers. 

    


    
RAND_MAX numbers. 

    


    
read function. 

    


    
readdir function. 

    


    
Read data from a file.

    


    
Reference
Variables (C++).

    

    
     		



    

    
R continued

    


    
register
keyword.

    


    
Relational Operators

    


    
Remote Procedure Calls

    


    
rename function.
Rename a file.

    


    
Return code.

    


    
return keyword.

    


    
reverse Program to reverse
characters in a string.

    


    
rewinddir function.

    


    
rint function.

    


    
rmdir function.

    


    
RPC Remote Procedure CAlls 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
S

    


    
S_ISLNK Is
this a link.

    


    
S_ISREG Is
this a regular file.

    


    
S_ISDIR Is
this a directory

    


    
S_ISCHR

    


    
S_ISBLK

    


    
S_ISFIFO

    


    
S_ISSOCK

    


    
%s String formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
scandir function. 

    


    
scanf 

    


    
scope. 

    


    
seekdir function. 

    


    
setenv Create an environmental
variable. 

    


    
setjmp.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
setpwent function. 

    


    
setuid function. 

    


    
short
keyword. 

    


    
signal.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
signed
keyword. 

    


    
sizeof. Return the storage
allocation for a 

    


    
data type.

    


    
sleep function.
Pause for the specified number of seconds. 

    


    
sort an array. 

    


    
sprintf O/P data
in tha same way as 'printf' but put it into a string. 

    


    
sqrt Square
root of a number. 

    


    
srand function. 

    


    
sscanf function. 

    


    
Standard
C++ Library

    


    
Standard headers. 

    


    
Standard headers. 

    


    
stat function. Get
file status, permissions, ownership etc. 

    


    
statfs
function. Get filesystem status, free blocks, block size etc. 

    


    
static
keyword. 

    


    
static
in C++.

    


    
static libraries. 

    


    
stdarg.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
stddef.h ANSI
header. 

    


    
STDERR

    


    
STDIN

    


    
stdlib.h. 

    


    
STDOUT

    


    
Storage clase. 

    


    
strcat function.
Concatenate strings. 

    


    
strcasecmp Compare strings
ignoring case. 

    


    
strchr Search for
a character in a string. 

    


    
strcmp Compare strings. 

    


    
strcoll function.
Compare two strings. 

    

    
     		



    

    
S continued

    


    
strcpy Move strings. 

    


    
strcspn function.
Search a string for a set of characters. 

    


    
strftime function. 

    


    
String Constants.

    


    
String pointers. 

    


    
String formating. 

    


    
strlen

    


    
strncat function.
Concatenate strings. 

    


    
strncmp Compare
strings. 

    


    
strncpy Copy N bytes
from one string to another. 

    


    
strpbrk function 

    


    
strrchr Search for
a character in a string. 

    


    
strrchr function. 

    


    
strspn function. 

    


    
strstr function.
Search a string for a substring. 

    


    
strtok function.
The books say this function splits a string into tokens. I think its function
is best described as parsing a string. 

    


    
strtol Convert String
to a long integer. 

    


    
struct keyword. 

    


    
Structure arrays. 

    


    
Structure basics. 

    


    
Structure membership. 

    


    
Structure pointers. 

    


    
strxfrm function.

    


    
swap two values. 

    


    
switch keyword. 

    


    
Syntax.

    


    
system Issue a system
command. 

    


    
system calls. 

    


    
system information. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
T

    


    
\t Horizontal tab

    


    
telldir function. 

    


    
threads. 

    


    
time functions. 

    


    
time.h header. 

    

    
     		



    

    
T continued

    


    
tolower function.
Convert an uppercase character to lowercase. 

    


    
toupper function.
Converts a lowercase character to uppercase. 

    


    
TRUE. 

    


    
Tutorials on the net. 

    


    
Data type conversion. 

    


    
typedef keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
U

    


    
%u formatting. 

    


    
uname function. 

    


    
#undef preprocessor

    


    
union keyword. 

    


    
unistd header. 

    


    
Unix to DOS file conversion. 

    

    
     		



    

    
U continued

    


    
unlink function,
delete a file. 

    


    
unsetenv function. Remove
an environmental variable. 

    


    
unsigned
keyword. 

    


    
unsigned integer
formatting. 

    


    
Uppercase to lowercase
character conversion.

    


    
Users /etc/passwd entry.

    


    
Using C (O'Reilly) examples.

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
V

    


    
va_arg

    


    
va_end

    


    
va_list

    


    
va_start

    


    
Variables.

    


    
Variable definition.

    


    
Variable function
parameter lists

    


    
Variables
- Reference(C++).

    

    
     		



    

    
V continued

    


    
Vertical tab \v

    


    
vfprintf. Print
a va_list to a file. 

    


    
vprintf. Print
a va_list 

    


    
vsprintf. O/P
a va_list into a string. 

    


    
void keyword. 

    


    
void *(void
pointer). 

    


    
volatile keyword. 

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
W

    


    
Width of a field.
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
while keyword. 

    


    
Why use pointers?. 

    


    
write function. 

    


    
Write data to a file.

    

    
     		



    

    
W continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
X

    


    
\x Hex Character constant

    


    
%x Hex formatting
(printf, scanf etc) 

    


    
X program examples. 

    

    
     		



    

    
X continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
Y

    

    
     		



    

    
Y continued

    

    
     		

    


    


    

    
Z

    

    
     		



    

    
Z continued

    

    
     		

    

    


    

    

    
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/cref.html0000644000076400001440000000321207055333530014224 


   
   
   C Programming Reference





    

    

    
C Programming Reference.
    


    

    
Release 1.08
    


    

               C++
notes

     



    

    

    
Top

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405224014062 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/fputc.html0000644000076400001440000000276307055334672016020 fputc function





    

    

    fputc function
    

    

    

    

fputc writes one character to a file.
    

    


    Library:   stdio.h

Prototype: int fputc(int c,  FILE *stream);

Syntax:    FILE *fp;
           int  ch = 'a';

           fp = fopen("/tmp/file", "w");
	   fputc(ch, fp);
           fclose(fp);


    


    


Example program. Copy a file.

    

    

    Man pages
    
fputc
Write a character.

    

    

    See Also:
    




    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/strlen.html0000644000076400001440000000276407055334644016206 strlen function







    

    

    strlen function 
    

    

    

    
strlen will give you the length of a string, NOT including the '\0' 
terminator. It should not be confused with the 
sizeof operator 
which returns the size of a variable (that could hold a string).
    


    Library:   string.h

Prototype: size_t strlen(const char *s);

Syntax:	   size_t size;
	   char string[20]="red dwarf";
           size = strlen(string);

    


    

    Examples
    

 Example program.

    

    See Also
    

 strlen man page.

    


sizeof operator.

    


 lenstr - User written version of strlen.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/directory.html0000644000076400001440000000562107055334667016703 Directory functions.





    

    

    Directory functions
    

    

    

    

OK. First things first. These functions are NOT part of the ANSI standard
library. They may not be supported on your platform. 

    

Here is a quick summary of each function, they are listed in the order in 
which you may want to execute them.



  • opendir Open a directory stream.

  • readdir read the current entry in the stream.

  • scandir Find an entry in a direcory.

  • seekdir Jump to a directory offset.

  • telldir Return the current location within the directory stream.

  • rewinddir Return to the start of the directory stream.

  • closedir Close a directory.



    


    

    


    
  Library:   dirent.h

  Prototype: DIR *opendir(const char *name);

             struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir);

             int scandir(const char *dir, struct dirent ***namelist,  
                 int (*select)(const struct dirent *),
                 int (*compar)(const void *, const void *));
		
	     void seekdir(DIR *dir, off_t offset);

	     off_t telldir(DIR *dir);

	     void rewinddir(DIR *dir);

	     int closedir(DIR *dir);

    
    		

    

    

The dirent structure does not seem to be documented in the man pages, 
so here it is.

    

    

    


    
	struct dirent 
	{
          long            d_ino;
       	  off_t           d_off;
       	  unsigned short  d_reclen;
       	  char            d_name[NAME_MAX+1];
	};

    
    		

    

    


 example program using opendir, readdir and closedir.

    

    

    See Also:
    

stat function.

    

    

    man Pages:
    

opendir

readdir

scandir

seekdir

telldir

rewinddir

closedir



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/close.html0000644000076400001440000000262307055334707015776 close function





    

    

    close function 
    

    

    
close 

    

    

    	Library:   unistd.h

	Prototype: int close(int fd);

	Syntax:    int fd;

		   close(fd);


    

    

    


    

    Examples:
    

 pipe example 
program.


    

    Man Pages:
    
 close man page.  


    

    See Also:
    


pipe function.
    


open function.
    


write function.
    


fclose function.
    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/Master.html0000644000076400001440000000206307055334667016127 XXXX function







    

    

    XXXX function 
    

    

    
XXXX 

    

    

    	Library:   stdlib.h

	Prototype: char *gets(char *s);

	Syntax:    char read_line[80];

                   gets( read_line);


    

    

    Examples:
    

 example 
program.


    

    See Also:
    


malloc function.
    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/getopt.html0000644000076400001440000000201707055334671016170 getopt function





    

    

    getopt function
    

    

    




    

    Examples:
    

 Example using argc and argv

    

    See Also:
    

command line arguments (argc/argv).


    

    
getopt man page.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/atexit.htm0000644000076400001440000000303307055334665016012 ATEXIT function







    

    

    ATEXIT function 
    

    

    
atexit regesters a function to be executed when the program
terminates normally. 

    

    

    
	Library:   stdlib.h

	Prototype: int atexit(void (*function)(void));

	Syntax:    void End(void);
        
                   main()
                   {
                     atexit(End);
                   }

                   void End(void)
                   {
                     printf("The End\n");
                   }


    
    

    
Please see
function pointers
for information on how this works.


    

    

    Examples:
    

 example 
program.


    

    See Also:
    

 exit function.
    
 abort function.
    


    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/strchr.html0000644000076400001440000000325107055334645016175 strchr strrchr functions







    

    strchr strrchr functions
    

    

    

      

    • strchr will find the first matching character in a string.
      

      

    • strrchr will find the last matching character in a string.
      

    

The functions will return a pointer to the character or 
NULL if 
the character is not found.


    

    Library:   string.h

Prototype: char * strchr(const char *string, int character);

Syntax:	   int character='w';
	   char *string="red dwarf";
           if(strchr(string, character)) puts("Character found");

    


    

    See Also:
    


strstr which looks for a sub-string in a string.

    


strpbrk 

    


index and rindex do the same as strchr 
and strrchr but are non standard.



    

 Example program (from Dave Doolin). 
    




    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/fgetc.html0000644000076400001440000000245607055334643015764 fgetc/getc function





    

    

    fgetc/getc function
    

    

    
fgetc and getc both read a character from a file (input stream) 
and have the same syntax. They are for all intents and purposes the same!


    Library:   stdio.h

Prototype: int fgetc(FILE *stream);

Syntax:    FILE *file_pointer;
	   char ch;

	   ch = fgetc(file_pointer);
           ch = getc(file_pointer);


    

    

    Examples:
    

 Example program.

    

    

    

    See also:
    


    
getch, getche (non standard)



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/arglists.html0000644000076400001440000000176207055334645016525 Function argument lists.






 
     

    

    Function argument lists.
    

    
 
      
     


Normally, a function has a fixed number of arguments passed to it. But if
you have used something like 'printf' or 'scanf' you will know that a 
variable number of arguments can be passed. This ability is defined by the use
of ... (three periods). Here is an example.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/time.html0000644000076400001440000000352607055334665015635 time and date related functions







    

    

    time and date related functions.
    

    

    

    
The following information gives a taste of the date and time related functions.
It stikes me that this is overly complicated, but what do I know...
To review all the functions available in the standard library, 
click here.

    

    

    

    


    
  Library:   time.h

  Prototype: char *asctime( const struct tm *time);
             char *ctime(const time_t *timer);
             struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timer);
             size_t strftime(char *s, 
          		     size_t maxsize, 
		   	     const *format,
	   		     const struct tm *time);

  Syntax:    


    
    		

    

    

    

    
The prototype list does NOT list all the functions that are 
described in time.h - only the ones I have used and shown in the 
example that follows.
    


Example program.

    

Here is a time related problem.

    

    

    See also:
    





    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/strpbrk.html0000644000076400001440000000253007055334666016361 strpbrk function







    

    strpbrk function
    

    

    
strpbrk locates characters in a string.

    


    

    Library:   string.h

Prototype: char * strpbrk(const char *string1, const char *string2);

Syntax:	   char *ptr;
	   char string1[]="martin was ere";
	   char string2[]="ea";

	   ptr=strpbrk(string1, string2);

    
	
In this example ptr will be pointing to the first a
within martin was ere
       


    

    See Also:
    




    

    Example:
    


Change field seperators to 'blank'.
    


 MAN PAGE

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/write.html0000644000076400001440000000314507055334675016027 write function







    

    

    write function 
    

    

    
write 

    

    

    	Library:   unistd.h
		   sys/types.h

	Prototype: int write(int fd, char *Buff, int NumBytes);

	Syntax:    int fd;
                   char Buff[]="V8 cars are coool";

		   write(fd, Buff, strlen(Buff)+1);


    

    

    Examples:
    

 pipe example 
program.


    

    See Also:
    


pipe function.
    


open function.
    


close function.
    


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

read function.
    




    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/exit.html0000644000076400001440000000231707055334656015645 exit function





    

    

    exit function
    

    

    
exit 
causes the program to end and supplies a status code to the 
calling environment.


    Library:   stdlib.h

Prototype: void exit(int status);

Syntax:	  
	   main()
           {
             exit(0);		/* Clean exit */
	   }

    


    

    
No example program.

    

    

    See also:
    
 return keyword.

    
 atexit function.

    
 abort function.


    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/atof.html0000644000076400001440000000235607055334652015624 atof function







    

    

    atof function 
    

    

    

    
atof to be done.


    Library:   stdlib.h

Prototype: double atof(const char *ptr);

Syntax:	  

    

example program.
    

    
See also: 
    

    atoi String to integer conversion.

    atol String to long integer conversion.

    strtod String to double conversion.

    strtol String to long integer conversion.

    strtoul String to unsigned long integer 
conversion.


    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/setuid.html0000644000076400001440000000366007055334662016170 User ID.







    User ID.
    

Various functions to change and see a User or Group ID. These are NOT 
ANSII standard functions. Do not expect them all to work on your machine....

    

    

    Man pages. 
    


getuid
Get  a users real ID.

    


geteuid
Get a users effective ID.

    


    

    

setuid
Set real and effective process ID.

    


seteuid
Set effective process ID.

    


setruid
Set real process ID.

    


setgid
Set real and effective Group ID.

    


setegid
Set effective Group ID.

    


    

setreuid
Seems to have different uses on Sun and RS/6000.

    


setuidx
RS/6000 (AIX only).

    


getuidx
RS/6000 (AIX only).

    


    

    Some notes
    


    

Example program.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/atoi.html0000644000076400001440000000270507055334651015624 atoi function







    

    

    atoi function 
    

    

    

    
atoi to be done.


    Library:   stdlib.h

Prototype: 

Syntax:	  

    

    

    Example:
    

 example program.
    

    

    See also:
     

    

atof String to floating point conversion.

    

atol String to long integer conversion.

    

strtod String to double conversion.

    

strtol String to long integer conversion.

    

strtoul String to unsigned long integer 
conversion.


    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/execl.html0000644000076400001440000000265307055334672015775 execl family of functions





    

    

    execl family of functions
    

    

    
execl execlp execle exect execv execvp all performa a simular 
function by starting another program. This new program overlays
the existing program, so you can never return to the to original 
code unless the call to execl fails.

    

    

    	Library:   unistd.h

	Prototype: int execl(char *Path, char *arg, (char *)0);

	Syntax:    execl("newprog", "newprog", NULL);


    

    

    Examples:
    


 example program issuing the execl.

    


 The program started by the example above  


    

    See Also:
    


fork function.
    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/memcpy.htm0000644000076400001440000000433307055334673016011 memcpy function







    

    

    memcpy function
    

    

    

    
memcpy copies data between two memory locations. This function will copy the
supplied number of bytes
stored at the location pointed to by 's2' to the location pointed to by 's1'.


    

    

    

    

    
     	s1		s2
	|		|
	V		V
        - - - -		---------------	
       | | | | |       | a | b | c | d |
        - - - -		---------------	
	^ ^		|    |
	| |		|    |
	 -|-------------     |
	   ------------------

    

    

    

    

    

    


    Prototype
    


    

    

    

        Library:   string.h

    Prototype: char memcpy(void *s1, void *s2, int num);

    Syntax:
               float data1;
               char  data2[64];
               
               memcpy(data1, data2, sizeof(data2));

    

    

    


    Notes
    

This is a handy function for moving data between data types


    See also:
    




    


    strncpy 

    


strcpy 

    


sprintf 

    


strcat

    


strings

    


memcpy Copy data from one memory location to another.


    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/strtok.html0000644000076400001440000000431507055334655016221 strncpy function







    

    

    strtok function
    

    

    

    
All the books that I have read, say that strtok will break a string 
into tokens. This is true, but a more obvious 
explanation is, that it will break a string into words.

    

    

    
Library:   string.h

Prototype: char * strtok(char *s, const char *delim);

Syntax:	   char string []="abc def ghi";
	   char * word;

	   word=strtok(string, " ");
	   word=strtok(NULL, " ");


    

strtok requires a string and the word delimiters, for example:


    
	   word = strtok(string, " ");
	                   A      A
	                   |      |
	                   |	  -------  Delimiters.
	                   |
	                   --------------  String to break up.


    				
After the first call to strtok, word will point to abc on the second
call, word will point to def

    

    

    Notes:
    

      

    • strtok will alter the I/P string by placing 
NULLS at the delimiter
positions. A good habit is to copy 
the string to a tempary string
and use the copy in the strtok call.

      

    • More than one delimiter can be specified. So you could code:

      
	word = strtok(string, " \t;:,");
	                         

      

    • You do not have to include \0 or NULL

    

    

    Examples:
    

 Example program.

    

    See also:
    

    strcpy 

    strncpy 



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/fopen.html0000644000076400001440000000452107055334657016003 fopen function





    

    

    fopen function
    

    

    

    
fopen is used to open a file for read, write or update.
stdin, stdout & stderr are opened 
by the system at execution time.

     


    

    


    
Library:   stdio.h

Prototype: FILE *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode);

Syntax:    FILE *fp;
	   fp = fopen( "/etc/printcap", "r");


    
    		

    

    


    Notes:
    

    	filename - is the name of the file.
	mode     - r - read file.
                 - w - Write to file.
                 - a - Append to file.


    


    

    Example Programs:
    


 Example program.
    

    

    See Also:
    

    

    

    fgetc Get a character from a file.


    

    fgets Get a record from a file.


    

    fputc Put a character into a file. MAN PAGE.


    

    fprintf Put a formatted line into a file.


    

    fclose Close a file.


    

    pclose Close a pipe.


    

    system Open a pipe.


    

    ferror. 
Check error code on a file stream.


    

    feof. 
Check for EOF on a file stream.

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/atol.html0000644000076400001440000000232107055334653015623 atol function





    

    

    atol function 
    

    

    

    
atol to be done.


    Library:   stdlib.h

Prototype: 

Syntax:	  

    


example program.
    

    

    See also:
     

    

    atof String to floating point conversion.

    atoi String to integer conversion.

    strtod String to double conversion.

    strtol String to long integer conversion.

    strtoul String to unsigned long integer 
conversion.


    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/strtol.html0000644000076400001440000000444607055334651016223 strtol function







    

    

    strtol function 
    

    

    

    
strtol will convert a string to a long integer. An important feature 
of this function is the ability to accept data in various number bases
and convert to decimal. If 
you are just working with decimal numbers,
atoi is probably an easer function to use.

    

    

    
Library:   stdlib.h

Prototype: long int strtol(const char *sptr, char **endptr, int base);

Syntax:	   char     String[]="ff";		/* string to convert	*/
	   int      Base=16;			/* Base 16		*/
           long int Ans;			/* Result		*/

           Ans = strtol(String, NULL, Base);

    


    

    Notes
    
The second argument (char **endptr) seems to be a waste of space! If 
it is set to NULL, STRTOL
seems to work its way down the string until it finds an invalid character
and then stops. All valid chars read are then converted if the string
starts with an invalid character the function returns ZERO (0).

    
The Third argument (base) can have a value of 0 or 2-32.

      

    • 0 - strtol will attempt to pick the base. Only Dec, Oct Hex  supported.

    • 2-31 - The base to use.

    

     

    Examples:
    

 Example program.

    

    

    See also:
     

    

    atoi String to integer conversion.

    atof String to floating point conversion.

    atol String to long integer conversion.

    strtod String to double conversion.

    strtoul String to unsigned long integer 
conversion.

    Conversion table.

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/pipe.html0000644000076400001440000000420207055334673015623 pipe function







    

    

    pipe function 
    

    

    

    
pipe creates two file descriptors which can be used by
parent and child processes to communicate data. A child process can
be created with the fork function. 

    

    

    

    

    


    
	Library:   unistd.h

	Prototype: int pipe(int fd[2]);

	Syntax:    int fd[2];
		   pipe(fd);

    
    		

    

    

    

    

    
On error, pipe returns -1.
    
Once the pipe has been executed, the data can be transfered 
using read and
write.

    

    Notes:
    
Make sure that when you read
exactly the same number of bytes that are 
written! I spend HOURS 
trying to figure out why I was loosing data because of this feature!!

    

    Examples:
    


 read and write fixed length records. 

    


 read and write variable length records. 


    

    See Also:
    


fork 
    

popen function.
    

pclose function.
    


read function.
    


write function.
    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/clrscr.html0000644000076400001440000000157007055334645016162 clrscr function





    clrscr function
    
clrscr clears the screen. This is non standard.


    Library:   conio.h

Prototype: 

Syntax:	   

    

See also:

Clear the screen using VT escape codes.
    




    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/passwd.html0000644000076400001440000000341607055334663016174 Password file functions.







    

    

    Password file functions.
    

    

    

    
Various functions to extract information from the /etc/passwd file.
This will not work on DOS machines.

    


    

    man pages. 
    
Some of these links may not work as your system may not support 
all the functions. 

    


getpwuid
Get a record by keying on the UID (numeric).

    


getpwnam
Get a record by keying on the user name.

    


fgetpwent

    


getpwent

    


setpwent

    


endpwent

    


getpw

    


putpwent

    


    

    Some notes
    


    

Example program.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/format.html0000644000076400001440000001520107055334647016160 printf format identifiers.





    

    

    printf format identifiers.
    

    

    

    
printf formatting is controlled by 'format identifiers' which, are shown
below in their simplest form.

    

    

    

    


    
    %d %i     Decimal signed integer.
    %o	      Octal integer.
    %x %X     Hex integer.
    %u	      Unsigned integer.
    %c	      Character.
    %s	      String. See below.
    %f	      double
    %e %E     double.
    %g %G     double.
    %p        pointer.
    %n	      Number of characters written by this printf.
              No argument expected.
    %%	      %. No argument expected.


    
    		

    

    

    

    

These identifiers actually have upto 6 parts as shown in the table below.
They MUST be used in the order shown.

    


    

    

    
%
Flags
Minimum field width
Period
Precision. Maximum field width
Argument type

    

    
Required
Optional
Optional
Optional
Optional
Required

    

    

    



    

    %
    
The % marks the start and therfore is manatory.

    



    

    Flags
    
The format identifers can be altered from their default function by 
applying the following flags:

    


    

    

    


    
   -      Left justify.
   0  	  Field is padded with 0's instead of blanks.
   +	  Sign of number always O/P.
   blank  Positive values begin with a blank.
   # 	  Various uses:
	  %#o (Octal) 0 prefix inserted.
	  %#x (Hex)   0x prefix added to non-zero values.
	  %#X (Hex)   0X prefix added to non-zero values.
	  %#e         Always show the decimal point.
	  %#E         Always show the decimal point.
	  %#f         Always show the decimal point.
	  %#g         Always show the decimal point trailing 
	  	      zeros not removed.
	  %#G         Always show the decimal point trailing
		      zeros not removed.
          

    
    		

    

    

    

    
Here are a few more examples.

    


    

    

    


    
    printf(" %-10d \n", number);
    printf(" %010d \n", number);
    printf(" %-#10x \n", number);  
    printf(" %#x \n", number);

    
    		

    

    

    


    


    

    Minimum field width.
    
By default the width of a field will be the minimum required to hold
the data. If you want to increase the field width you can use the
following syntax.

    

    

    

    


    
  main()
  {
      int number    =  5;
      char *pointer = "little";

      printf("Here is a number-%4d-and a-%10s-word.\n", number, pointer);
  }
  
  /*********************************
   *
   *	Program result is:
   *
   * 	Here is a number-   5-and a-    little-word.
   *
   *********************************/

    
    		

    

    

    

    
As you can see, the data is right justified within the field. It can 
be left justified by using the - flag.
A maximum string width can also be specified. 

    
The width can also be given as a variable as shown below.

    

    

    

    


    
    main()
    {
        int number=5;

        printf("---%*d----\n", 6, number);
    }
  
    /*********************************
     *
     *    Program result is:
     *
     *    ----     5---
     *
     *********************************/

    
    		

    

    

    

    
The * is replaced with the supplied int to provide the ability to
dynamically specify the field width.

    

    


    Period
    
If you wish to specify the     precision of an argument, 
it MUST be prefixed with the period.

    


    

    Precision
    

The Precision takes different meanings for the different format types.


    Float Precision
    

    	%8.2f

    
This says you require a total field of 8 characters, within the 8 
characters the last 2 will hold the decimal part.


    	%.2f

    

The example above requests the minimum field width and the last two
characters are to hold the decimal part.


    Character String Maximum field width
    

The precision within a string format specifies the maximum
field width.

    	%4.8s

    
Specifies a minimum width of 4 and a maximum width
of 8 characters. If the string is greater than 8 characters,
it will be cropped down to size.

    

Here is a little program
that shows an alternative to strncpy.


    * Precision
    

As with the 'width' above, the precision does not have to be hard
coded, the * symbol can be used and an integer supplied to give its
value.

    

    


    Format Identifiers
    
The format identifier describes the expected data. The identifier is the 
character that ends 
Here is a list of the format identifers as used in 'printf' ,'sprintf'
,'fprintf' and 'scanf'. 


      

    1. Except for '%' and 'n', all the identifiers expect to extract an argument 
from  the printf parameter list. 

    2. All of the parmameters should be the value
to be inserted. EXCEPT %s, this expects a 
pointer to be passed.

    

    An example.
    

    

    

    

    


    
	main()
        {
            int number=5;
	    char *pointer="little";

	    printf("Here is a number %d and a %s word.\n", number, pointer);
	}
	/*********************************
	 *
	 *	Program result is:
	 *
	 * 	Here is a number 5 and a little word.
	 *
	 *********************************/

    
    		

    

    

    

    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/fgets.html0000644000076400001440000000425607055334640016001 fgets function





    

    fgets function 
    

    

    
fgets is used to read a line of data from an external source.
    

    


    Library:   stdio.h

Prototype: char *fgets(char *s, int n, FILE *stream);

Syntax:    char  Data[80];
	   char *ReturnCode;
	   FILE *FilePointer;

	   ReturnCode=fgets(Data, 80, FilePointer);

	   ReturnCode == NULL when an error occours. The EOF is 
	   considered to be an ERROR!

    


    

    Notes
    

      

    • fgets should be used in preference to gets
as it checks that the incoming data does not exceed the buffer size.

      


    • If fgets is reading STDIN, the 
NEWLINE character is placed into
the buffer. gets removes the NEWLINE.

    

    


 example program number one.
    


 example program number two.
    


 program comparing the action of gets and fgets when reading STDIN.
    


    

    See Also:
    

      

    • gets Read STDIN (keyboard by default).

    • fgetc Get a character from a file.

    • fputc Put a character into a file.

    • fprintf Put a formatted line into a file.

    • fopen Open a file.

    • fclose Close a file.

    • popen Open a pipe.

    • pclose Close a pipe.

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/puts.html0000644000076400001440000000162407055334637015666 puts function







    

    

    puts function 
    

    

    

    
puts is used to print data on the screen (or to a file).
Another related 
function is printf which is much more powerfull.

    
Anyway here is an example of the puts function.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/printf.html0000644000076400001440000000426307055334637016177 printf function







    

    

    printf function
    

    

    

    
printf is used to O/P data to 
STDOUT (usually the screen). It has many 
formatting options which we shall look at in a moment. 


    

    printf syntax
    
This is an example of printf in its simplest form.

    

    

    

    


    
  #include <stdio.h>

  main()
  {
    printf("This text will appear on the screen\n");  
  }

    
    		

    

    

    

    
printf is passed one formatting argument.
The unusual thing about the example (in my mind) is \n, this is actually 
an  escape sequence that signals a new line. Without 
it, any printf's 
that follow would O/P to the same line. 
printf also takes extra arguments which are inserted into the format 
string at locations marked with a %. 

    

    

    

    


    
  #include <stdio.h>

  main()
  {
    int number=42;
    printf("The answer is %i\n", number);  
  }

    
    		

    

    

    

    
What happens here is the %i is seen as a 
formatting identifer for the
next argument (number). In this case an integer is expected.
    


    

    See also
    

      

    1. puts Much easier to use - but not as powerfull.

    2. sprintf Same as 'printf' but O/P to a string array.

    3. Strings.

    4. A dead handy printf idiom..

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/funcquery.htm0000644000076400001440000000101107055334707016524 







    
Please enter a search string.




    




c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/rand.html0000644000076400001440000000273107055334653015615 rand function







    rand function 
    
rand will generate a random number between 0 and 'RAND_MAX'
(at least 32767).


    Library:   stdlib.h

Prototype: int rand(void);

Syntax:	   int r;                 		/* Random number	*/

           r = rand();

    


    

    Notes
    

      

    • 
Rand will always produce the same sequence of numbers unless 
srand is called to seed the start point.

    • 
RAND_MAX is only defined in ANSII header files.

    • A non standard function random is available on the Sun.

    

     

example program.
    


    

    See also:
     
    


    

    

    srand Seed the randon number generator.


    

    rand man page.

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/stdlib.html0000644000076400001440000000135007055334664016150 






    

    

    stdlib.h
    

    

    

This page is obsolete and has been replaced with 
this new page.




    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/strcpy.html0000644000076400001440000000475207055334655016224 strcpy function







    

    

    strcpy function
    

    

    

    
strcpy copies a string. This function will copy the bytes
stored at the location pointed to by 's2' to the location pointed to by 's1'.


    
     	s1		s2
	|		|
	V		V
        - - - -		- - - --	
       | | | | |       |a|b|c|\0|
        - - - -		- - - --	
	^ ^		| |
	| |		| |
	 -|-------------  |
	   ---------------

    


    

    Library:   string.h

Prototype: char strcpy(char *s1, const char *s2);

Syntax:	  
	   char string2[20]="red dwarf";
	   char string1[20]="";
           strcpy(string1, string2);

    


    


    Notes
    

Dont forget that strings are terminated with a 
'\0' so allow space for it...

    
There is another way to code the example above. Consider this piece of 
code.

    	main()
	{
	  char *string2="red dwarf";
	  char *string1;

	  string1=string2;
	}

    

'string2' is now a character pointer (only one byte) that points to a 
storage location containing "red dwarf" (a 
string constant).  So 
string1=string2; copies the address of "red dwarf" into 
'string1'. This version of the code will execute quicker than strcpy 
because less data is being moved around the system.
 


    

example program.

    


    See also:
    


strtok

    


strncpy 

    


sprintf 

    


strcat

    


strings

    


memcpy Copy data between tow memory locations.

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/free.html0000644000076400001440000000331207055334670015605 free function





    

    

    free function 
    

    

    

    
free is used to return allocated memory to the system. 

    

    

    	Library:   sdlib.h

	Prototype: void free(void *s);

	Syntax:    char *StrPtr;
		   StrPtr = (char *) malloc(100);
                   free(StrPtr);


    

    

    Notes:
    

      

    • If you use malloc inside a loop and dont free
the memory, you run the risk of the program crashing. 

      

    • If a program ends without issuing a free, any allocated memory 
is returned to the system.

    

    

    

    Examples:
    

 example 
program.


    

    See Also:
    


malloc function.
    


new C++ replacement for malloc.
    


delete C++ replacement for free.
    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/strncpy.html0000644000076400001440000000307107055334654016372 strncpy function







    

    

    strncpy function
    

    

    

    
strncpy copies 'n' bytes from one string to another.
    


    Library:   string.h

Prototype: char strncpy(char s1, const char *s2, size_t n);

Syntax:	   size_t n;
	   char string1[20]="red dwarf";
	   char string2[20]=";
           strncpy(string2, string1, 4);

    


    

    Notes
    

      

    • It may be nessacary to add your own 
NULL terminator.

    

    

example program.
    

An alternative method using 'sprintf'...
    



    

    See also:
    




    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/open.html0000644000076400001440000000320407055334706015625 open function







    

    

    open function 
    

    

    
open 

    

    

    	Library:   unistd.h
		   sys/types.h
		   sys/stat.h
		   fcntl.h

	Prototype: int open(char *Path, int Flags);

	Syntax:    int fd;
		   char *Path="/tmp/file";
		   int Flags= O_WRONLY;

		   fd = open(Path, Flags);


    

    

    
Flags specify the file attributes. They must contain one of 
O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY or O_RDWR and may also have any of the following.
O_CREAT, O_EXCL,  O_NOCTTY, O_TRUNC, O_APPEND, O_NONBLOCK, O_NDELAY,
O_SYNC. See the man page for full details.


    

    Examples:
    

 pipe example 
program.


    

    See Also:
    


pipe function.
    


close function.
    


write function.
    


fopen function.
    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/hex_tab.html0000644000076400001440000000373107055334641016301 Hex Ascii table






 
    

    

    Hex Ascii table.
    

    
 
     
Here is the Ascii table in base 16.

    

    

    

    


      00    01    02    03    04    05    06    07    
  08    09    0A    0B    0C    0D    0E    0F    
  10    11    12    13    14    15    16    17    
  18    19    1A    1B    1C    1D    1E    1F    
  20    21 !  22 "  23 #  24 $  25 %  26 &  27 '  
  28 (  29 )  2A *  2B +  2C ,  2D -  2E .  2F /  
  30 0  31 1  32 2  33 3  34 4  35 5  36 6  37 7  
  38 8  39 9  3A :  3B ;  3C <  3D =  3E >  3F ?  
  40 @  41 A  42 B  43 C  44 D  45 E  46 F  47 G  
  48 H  49 I  4A J  4B K  4C L  4D M  4E N  4F O  
  50 P  51 Q  52 R  53 S  54 T  55 U  56 V  57 W  
  58 X  59 Y  5A Z  5B [  5C \  5D ]  5E ^  5F _  
  60 `  61 a  62 b  63 c  64 d  65 e  66 f  67 g  
  68 h  69 i  6A j  6B k  6C l  6D m  6E n  6F o  
  70 p  71 q  72 r  73 s  74 t  75 u  76 v  77 w  
  78 x  79 y  7A z  7B {  7C |  7D }  7E ~  7F    

    
    		

    

    

    

    

    

      The decimal table is here.
    

    


      A program to generate this table.

    


      Conversion between Dec,Hec,Binary

    

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/fclose.html0000644000076400001440000000244507055334660016144 fclose function





    

    

    fclose function
    

    

    

    

fclose is used to close a file.
    


    Library:   stdio.h

Prototype: int fclose( FILE *stream);

Syntax:    FILE *fp;
	   fclose(fp);


    



example program.
    

    

    See Also:
    

      

    • fgetc Get a character from a file.

    • fputc Put a character into a file.

    • fprintf Put a formatted line into a file.

    • fopen Open a file.

    • popen Open a pipe.

    • pclose Close a pipe.

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/files.html0000644000076400001440000000317007055334662015771 Files - Character I/P & O/P functions.





    

    

    Files -  character I/P & O/P functions.
    

    

    

The following functions allow you to read & write characters in files.

    

    

    man pages. 
    

fputs
Write a string.

    
fgetc
Read a character.

    
getc
Read a character.

    

fputc
Write a character to a file.


    
ungetc
Return a character.

    
puts
Write a string.

    
putchar
Write a string.

    
putc
Write a string.

    

gets
Read a string.


    
getchar
Read a character.


    

    Some of my notes
    
fopen Open a file for read or write.

    
fputc Write a character to a file.

    
fclose Close a file.


    
Example program.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/FUNCTIONS/gets.html0000644000076400001440000000363007055334664015634 fgets function





    

    gets function 
    

    

    
gets is used to read a line of data from 
STDIN. By default STDIN is the 
keyboard. gets continues to read characters until NEWLINE or EOF
is seen.

    


    Library:   stdio.h

Prototype: char *gets(char *s);

Syntax:    char read_line[80];

	   gets( read_line);

    


    Notes
    

      

    1. gets does NOT check the size of the buffer and overflow on the
stack can occour. Because of this, you should use
fgets in preferance.

      


    2. The 
NEWLINE 
character is NOT placed in the buffer.
fgets will retain the 
NEWLINE.



example
showing fgets and gets in action.
      

      

      See Also:
      

    • 




    

    Ungrouped functions
    

    






    

    

    XXXX function 
    

    

    
XXXX 

    

    

    	Library:   stdlib.h

	Prototype: char *gets(char *s);

	Syntax:    char read_line[80];

                   gets( read_line);


    

    

    Examples:
    

     example 
program.


    

    See Also:
    


malloc function.
    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/compiler.html0000644000076400001440000000677707055333534015146 GCC compiler error messages.





	

    

    

    GCC compiler error messages.
    

    

    

    

This is a list of compiler error messages I have hit and the method used 
to clear them.


    

    


    warning: comparison between pointer and integer
    
Maybe OK. This was generated from 'if (strstr(line,"word") != NULL )'
strstr returns NULL or pointers, I was only interested in the fact that a 
string had been found, not where it was.


    

    


    `floppyto.c:782: parse error at end of input
    
floppyto.c is the program name, 782 is the line number but it is one
greater then the file length. This is because of unbalanced {} or unbalanced
comments /* */


    

    


    parse error before `printf'
    
Missing ; before this statement.


    

    


    Segmentation error.
    
You have attempted to access protected storage or overwritten something
important!


    

    


    subscripted value is neither array nor pointer
    
Attempted to subscript a scalar variable.


    

    


    `j' undeclared (first use this function)
    
Declare the variable.


    

    


    /usr/lib/crt0.o: Undefined symbol _main referenced from text segment
    

Generated when main() is missing. I have seen this twice.

      

    1. When there was a syntax error in an included header file.

    2. And when the C source file was missing in the gcc command!

    


    

    


    Undefined symbol _initscr referenced from text segment
    
Called a function but have not supplied it or the library 
that contains it with an #include statement.


    

    


    unterminated `#if' conditional
    
#endif preprocessor required.


    

    


    warning: passing arg 1 of `cpystr' makes integer from pointer
without a cast

    
This is the code causing the problem:

    void cpystr( char item);
main()
{
   char src[]="martin leslie";
   cpystr(src);
}
   cpystr(char item)
{
}

    

It should be....


    void cpystr( char item[]);
main()
{
   char src[]="martin leslie";
   cpystr(src);
}
   cpystr(char item[])
{
}

    


    

    


    conflicting types for `Alex'
previous declaration of `Alex'

    

Alex has been declared in two enum 
statements. Here is the code



    

    


    parse error before `1'
At top level:
warning: data definition has no type or storage class
parse error before string constant
warning: data definition has no type or storage class

    

There is a conflict between 
enum 
and
#define 
statements.
Here is the code


    

    

    


    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405212013602 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/bitsnbytes.html0000644000076400001440000000351107055334565016601 Bits 'n Bytes


    

    

    Bits 'n Bytes.
    

    

    

This is basic Computer Science but its worth restating the basics
sometimes.

    

    

    bits
    

A bit is the smallest component in computer memory, it has
two states, either ON or OFF. These states are represented as 1 or 0
and thus everything is based on binary arithmatic.

    Off == 0
On  == 1

    

    

    

    Bytes
    

For convinence, bits are grouped into blocks of 8, these blocks
are called Bytes.
An integer byte can store any value from 0 -> 255.

           -------------------------
             128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
           -------------------------
               8  4  2  1 8 4 2 1
           -------------------------
                        F       F
           -------------------------             
              

    KiloBytes
    

This is a thousand bytes. The exact value is 2 to the power of 10
or 1,024


    MegaBytes
    
This is a Million bytes. The exact value is 2 to the power of 20
or 1,048,576


    GigaBytes
    

The exact value is 2 to the power of 30
or 1,073,741,824


    TeraBytes
    

The exact value is 2 to the power of 40
or 1,099,511,627,776 (big....)


    

    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/expressions.html0000644000076400001440000001047607055334562017002 
C operators



    

    

    C Operators/Expressions
    

    

    

    

Operators are used with 
operands
to build expressions. For example the 
following is an expression containing two operands and one oprator.


            4 + 5

    

The following list of operators is probably not complete but does highlight 
the common
operators and a few of the outrageous ones....

    
C contains the following operator groups.

    
The order (precedence) that operators are evaluated can be seen 
here.


    Arithmetic
    

            +
        -
        /
        *
        %       modulo
        --      Decrement (post and pre)
        ++      Increment (post and pre)

    

    Assignment
    
These all perform an arithmetic operation on the lvalue and assign the 
result to the lvalue. So what does this mean in English? Here is an example:

       counter = counter + 1; 
    
can be reduced to 

       counter += 1;           
    
Here is the full set.

            =
        *=      Multiply
        /=      Divide.
        %=      Modulus.
        +=      add.
        -=      Subtract.
        <<=     left shift.
        >>=     Right shift.
        &=      Bitwise AND.
        ^=      bitwise exclusive OR (XOR).
        |=      bitwise inclusive OR.

    

    Logical/Relational
    

            ==      Equal to
        !=      Not equal to
        >
        <
        >=
        <=
        &&      Logical AND
        ||      Logical OR
        !       Logical NOT

    

    Bitwise
    

            &       AND (Binary operator)
        |       inclusive OR
        ^       exclusive OR
        <<      shift left. C ++ use of <<

        >>      shift right. C ++ use of >>
        ~       one's complement

    


    Odds and ends!
    

            sizeof() size of objects and data types.
                 strlen may also be of interest.
        &       Address of (Unary operator)
        *       pointer (Unary operator)
        ?       Conditional expressions
        :       Conditional expressions
        ,       Series operator.

    

    

    

    C++ Extensions
    


Read about :: >> and << in the world of C++
here!


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/constants.html0000644000076400001440000000640707055334555016435 Constants


    

    Constants
    

    
Be sure you understand the difference between a 'constant' and a 
declaration.
A constant has a value that cannot be changed. For example:

    
	1234
	'x'
	9.89
	"String"


    
Constants are used to assign a value to a variable. E.G

    	int i;		/* declare a variable called 'i'	*/
	i=1234;		/* assign the constant value 1234 to 
			 * the variable 'i'			*/
        i++;		/* Change the value of the variable.	*/

    


    

    Integer constants.
    
Interger constants can be expressed in the following ways.

    	1234	(decimal)
	0xff	(Hexidecimal)
	0100	(Octal)
	'\xf'	(Hex character)

    
Examples of their use are:

    	int i=255;	/* i assigned the decimal value of 255	*/

	i-=0xff		/* subtract 255 from i			*/

	i+=010		/* Add Octal 10 (decimal 8)		*/

			/* Print 15 - there are easier ways...	*/
	printf ("%i \n", '\xf'); 


    
Integer constants are assumed to have a datatype of 
     int, if it will not fit into an 'int'
the compiler will assume the constant is a 
long. You may also force the 
compiler to use 'long' by putting an 'L' on the end of the 
integer constant.

            1234L           /* Long int constant (4 bytes)          */

    
The other modifier is 'U' for Unsigned.

            1234U           /* Unsigned int                         */

    
and to complete the picture you can specify 'UL'

            1234UL          /* Unsigned long int                    */

    


    

    Floating point constants.
    
Floating point constants contain a decimal point or exponent. By default
they are double.

    	123.4
	1e-2

	

    

    

    Chararacter constants.
    
Are actually integers.

    	'x'
	'\000'
	'\xhh'

	escape sequences


    


    


    String constants.
    

Strings do not have a datatype of their own. 
They are actually a sequence of char items terminated with a 
\0. A string can be accessed with a 
char pointer. 

    
An example of a string would be:

    
	char *Str = "String Constant";


    

See the discussion on 
strings for more information.

    


    

    Also see:
    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/data_types.html0000644000076400001440000001226407055334543016551 C Data types


    

    

    C Data types.
    

    

    

    


    Variable definition
    
C has a concept of 'data types' which are used to 
define a variable
before its use. 
    
The definition of a variable will assign storage for the variable and 
define the type of data that will be held in the location.
    
So what data types are available?

    

    

    
int
float
double
char
void
enum

    

    
Please note that there is not a boolean data type. C does not have the 
traditional view about logical comparison, but thats another story.
    

Recent C++ compilers do have a boolean datatype.

    


    

    int - data type
    
int is used to define integer numbers.

    

    

    

    

    
    {
        int Count;
        Count = 5;
    }

    

    

    

    

    

    float - data type
    
float is used to define floating point numbers.

    

    

    

    

    
    {
        float Miles;
        Miles = 5.6;
    }

    

    

    

    

    

    double - data type
    
double is used to define BIG floating point numbers. It reserves twice
the storage for the number. On PCs this is likely to be 8 bytes.

    

    

    

    

    
    {
        double Atoms;
        Atoms = 2500000;
    }

    

    

    

    

    

    char - data type
    
char defines characters.

    

    

    

    

    
    {
        char Letter;
        Letter = 'x';
    }

    

    

    

    


    

    Modifiers
    
The three data types above have the following modifiers. 

    

      

    • short

    • long

    • signed

    • unsigned

    

The modifiers define the amount of storage allocated to the variable.
The amount of storage allocated is not cast in stone. ANSI has the
following rules:
    

    

    

    

    

    
        short int <=    int <= long int
            float <= double <= long double

    

    

    

    
What this means is that a 'short int' should assign less than or the same
amount of storage as an 'int' and the 'int' should be less or the same bytes
than a 'long int'. What this means in the real world is:

    

    

    

    
                 Type  Bytes  Bits                Range

    

    

    

    
            short int    2      16          -16,384 -> +16,383          (16kb)
   unsigned short int    2      16                0 -> +32,767          (32Kb)
         unsigned int    4      16                0 -> +4,294,967,295   ( 4Gb)
                  int    4      32   -2,147,483,648 -> +2,147,483,647   ( 2Gb)
             long int    4      32   -2,147,483,648 -> +2,147,483,647   ( 2Gb)
          signed char    1       8             -128 -> +127
        unsigned char    1       8                0 -> +255
                float    4      32
               double    8      64
          long double   12      96

    

    

    
These figures only apply to todays generation of PCs. Mainframes and 
midrange machines could use different figures, but would still comply
with the rule above.
    
You can find out how much storage is allocated to a data type by using
the sizeof operator.


    

    Qualifiers
    

    

    

The const qualifier is used to tell C that the variable value can not 
change after initialisation.
    

        const float pi=3.14159;


    
pi cannot be changed at a later time within the program.
    
Another way to define constants is with the 
#define preprocessor which
has the advantage that it does not use any storage (but who counts bytes
 these days?).
    

    

    See also:
    
Data type conversion

    
Storage classes.

    
cast

    
typedef keyword.


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/bit_shift.html0000644000076400001440000001274707055334550016373 Bitwise operations


    

    

    Bitwise operations
    

    

    


    
Bitwise operators include:

    

    

    

    &     AND
    

    &=    AND
    

    |         OR
    

    |=        OR
    

    ^         XOR
    

    ~         one's compliment
    

    <<  Shift Left
    

    >>  Shift Right
    

    <<= Shift Left
    

    >>=Shift Right
    

    

    

    



    

    AND OR and XOR
    

These require two operands and will perform bit comparisions.

    
AND &
will copy a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.

    

    

    

    

      
  main()
  {
    unsigned int a = 60;	/* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
    unsigned int b = 13;	/* 13 = 0000 1101 */
    unsigned int c = 0;           

    c = a & b;                  /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ 
  }


    

    

    

    

    
OR | will copy a bit if it exists in eather operand.

    

    

    

    

      
  main()
  {
    unsigned int a = 60;	/* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
    unsigned int b = 13;	/* 13 = 0000 1101 */
    unsigned int c = 0;           

    c = a | b;                  /* 61 = 0011 1101 */ 
  }


    

    

    

    

    
XOR ^ copies the bit if it is set in one operand (but not both).

    

    

    

    

      
  main()
  {
    unsigned int a = 60;	/* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
    unsigned int b = 13;	/* 13 = 0000 1101 */
    unsigned int c = 0;           

    c = a ^ b;                  /* 49 = 0011 0001 */ 
  }


    

    

    

    


    

    

    

    
Try it out with the simulator

    

    

    

    

    

    Ones Complement
    

This operator is unary (requires one operand) and has the efect of 
'flipping' bits. 

    

    

    

    

    
  main()
  {
    unsigned int Value=4;          /*   4 = 0000 0100 */  

    Value = ~ Value;               /* 251 = 1111 1011 */  

  }


    

    

    

    

    


    

    

    

    
Try it out with the simulator

    

    

    


    


    

    Bit shift.
    
The following     operators
can be used for shifting bits left or right. 

    

    

    

    
 << 
 >> 
 <<= 
 >>= 

    

    

    

    
The left operands value is moved left or right by the number of bits specified
by the right operand. For example:

    

    

    

    

    
  main()
  {
    unsigned int Value=4;          /*  4 = 0000 0100 */  
    unsigned int Shift=2;

    Value = Value << Shift;        /* 16 = 0001 0000 */  

    Value <<= Shift;               /* 64 = 0100 0000 */  

    printf("%d\n", Value);         /* Prints 64      */  
  }


    

    

    

    

    
Usually, the resulting 'empty' 
bit is assigned ZERO.
Please use 
unsigned 
variables with these operators to avoid unpredictable
results.

    

    

    

    
Try them out with the simulator

    

    

    

    

    

The simultaor will only work if the CGI scripts have been installed.


    

    

    

    Examples:
    
 AND
    
 OR
    
 Bit shifting.

    

    Problem:
    

Bit shifting problem.

    

    See Also:
    

All the other Expressions and operators.
    

Operator precedence.
    

Assignment Operators.

    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/JavaSim.html0000644000076400001440000001344407055334564015752 Bit Manipulation Simulator







    

    

    Bit Manipulation Simulator
    

    

    

This page requires JavaScript support to test the various bitwise operators.
If you do not have JavaScript available, you can try the CGI supported
simulator. Please note. The CGI simulator will only work if the site
administrator has installed it. Please note, this does not work
when using Internet Explorer 3.0

    


    

CGI Version


    

    
Bit Manipulation Simulator

    

    

    

    


    

    

    

JavaScript Version


    
Enter the Hex values and select an operator, then press the 'Execute'
button to see the results.

    








    

    


    

    

    

Hex

Binary

Decimal

    


    

    


    
    		



    


    
    		



    


    

    

    

    

    


Sections of this page controlled by 'JavaScript' cannot be printed.


    

    

    See Also:
    

Bitwise Operators.

    

    

    

    

    

    

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Assignment operators.


    

    

    Assignment operators.
    

    

    

C has the following assignement operators:

    	=   +=   -=   *=   /=   %=   <<=   >>=   &=   ^=   |=

    
= is the obvious one. It takes the result of the expression on the right 
and assigns it to the variable on the left (lvalue).

    	main ()
        {
	  int a, b=4, c=10;
	  a = b + c;
	}

    
I know this is stating the obvious, but:

      

    1. b is assigned the value 4

    2. c is assigned the value 10

    3. a is assigned the result of b plus C (14).

    


    
All the other operators act in a simular way. If you find yourself 
coding the example on the left, it could be changed to the example on 
the right.

    	main ()				main()
	{				{
	  int a=4;			  int a=4;
	  a = a * 4;			  a *= 4;
	}				}

    
The rule is as follows:

    
The lvalue is multiplied by the rvalue and the result assigned to the 
lvalue.

    
Here is another example.

    	main()				main()
	{				{
	    int a=10, b=2;	            int a=10, b=2;
	    a /= b * 5;		            a = a / (b*5);
	}				}

    
Again both preduce the same answer (1).

    

    


Increment (++) and Decrement (--)
    


Bit shifting ( >>= <<= )
    


Operator precedence table.

    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/string.html0000644000076400001440000000750107055334541015716 Strings


    

    Strings.
    

    

    

    Pointers to strings.
    

C does not have a "string" datatype.
To create a string you have to use a char array
or a  char pointer. 
If you are not familur with char arrays 
I recomend that you read about them now. 

    
To recap, a char pointer is 
defined like this:

    

    

    

     
     main()
     {
       char *Text;
     }
     

    

    

     

    

All this program does is reserve storage that will hold an address.
At this point the address could be anything. To initalize Text
you can code:

    

    

    

        
     main()
     {
       char *Text = "Thunder";
     }
     

    


Text now has the address of the first character in Thunder.
Graphically, things look like this.


    
      (Address) (Data)
      
           ---- ----    
          | F1 | 00 <------- Text   
	  |----|----|               (Data) (Adress)
          | F2 | 00 |                 -------------
	  |----|----|         -------> 54 (T) | D1 |
	  | F3 | 00 |        |       |--------|----|
	  |----|----|  *Text |       | 68 (h) | D2 |
	  | F4 | D1 | -------        |--------|----|
	   ---------                 | 75 (u) | D3 |
	                             |--------|----|
				     | 6E (n) | D4 |
				     |--------|----|
                                     | 64 (d) | D5 |
                                     |--------|----|
                                     | 65 (e) | D6 |
                                     |--------|----|
                                     | 72 (r) | D7 |
                                     |--------|----|     
                                     | 00     | D8 |
                                      -------------


                              

     

Please note the 00 at the end of Thunder. This is 
the NULL character and is used to mark the
end of a string. 

    
If we wanted to O/P the data pointed to by a char pointer
 we can code.

    

    

    
Source

    

    
     main()
     {
       char *Text1 = "Thunder";          /* Define and initalize */
       char *Text2;                      /* Define only          */
       
       Text2 = "Bird";                   /* Point to some text   */
       
       printf("%s%s\n", Text1, Text2);
     }
     

    

    

    
Result

    

    
      ThunderBird


    

    

    

This is all very well, but there is a MAJOR problem! Thunder 
and Bird are 
constants, they cannot be 
changed in anyway. 
We need a method of pointing to some storage that can be altered
and true to form, C provides a function called 
malloc to do just that. 

    


    

    See Also:
    


VOID keyword.

    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie


    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/rpc.html0000644000076400001440000001500307055334567015200 RPC


    

    Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).
    

    
In the normal scope of things, a program can only call a function
that is linked into the executable or provided by a shared library.
RPC allows programs to execute functions in another executing program, cool!

    
RPC has a concept of clients and servers.

      

    1. The client issues requests to the server.

    2. Servers perform the requests and return the results.

    3. The data that flows between client and server includes
int, float, strings and structures.

    4. The client and server can be on the same host or different hosts
connected via a network.

    5. The hosts do not have to be the same artitechture.

    

The RPC API has three levels of support.
By using the highest level
RPC is responcable for most of the code but is not too flexable. The lowest
level requres more coding but gives the programmer more control over how RPC
functions.

    
The easiest way to start with RPC is to use a program called rpcgen
this reads a file that describes the required interface between client and server
and generates C code that you can include in your client and server.


    
	prog.x --> rpcgen ---> prog.h        Header file
                          ---> prog_clnt.c   Client stubs file
                          ---> prog_svc.c    Server stubs file
                          ---> prog_xdr.c    XDR routines (more later).


    
You write prog.x and rpcgen generates
prog.h prog_clnt.c prog_svc.c prog_xdr.c

You then write the client and server and link them with the rpcgen code
to complete the RPC system.


    
	client.c    -----> client executable
        prog.h      ---|
        prog_clnt.c ---|
        prog_xdr.c  ---|

        server.c    -----> Server executable
        prog.h      ---|
        prog_svc.c  ---|
        prog_xdr.c  ---|



    

Ok, time for some examples.


    Calling an RPC server function without passing any arguments.
    
This is the simplest form of RPC.


    

    

    

    
void.x


    


    
  /* RPCGEN code decribing the client/server API. */
 
  program MJLPROG
  {
    version MJLVERS
    {
      void VOID(void) = 1;
    
    } = 1;
  } = 0x20000001;

    
    		

    

    

    

    

void.x describes the RPC interface between the client
and server. There are some important items to note here.

    

    


    program MJLPROG
{
} = 0x20000001;

    		
This is the RPC program number. It is used by the client to
identify the server it intends to use.
It is important that you provide a unique number here. You can see
which values are in use with the Unix command rpcinfo -p or
by looking at /etc/rpc. Please note that the number is supplied
in void.x as a hex value but shown as a decimal value by rpcinfo
One other point, you should only use values in the range 0x20000000
0x3FFFFFFF as these have been reserved for use local use.


    

    


    version MJLVERS
{
} = 1;

    		
The RPC Version number.

    

    

    void VOID(void) = 1;
    		
This defines the only RPC function that the server will provide.

    

    

    


    

    

    
void_client.c


    


    
  #include <rpc/rpc.h>
  #include "void.h"

  main()
  {
      CLIENT *pclnt;
      void   *pVoid;
    
      char    Host[256];

      /* Get the name of the host running the server. */
    
      gethostname(Host, 256);

      /* Connect to the server. */
    
      pclnt = clnt_create(Host, MJLPROG, MJLVERS, "udp");

      /* Issue a request to the server. */
    
      void_1(pVoid, pclnt);

      /* Disconnect from the server. */
    
      clnt_destroy(pclnt);

  }

    
    		

    

    

    


    

    

    


    #include <rpc/rpc.h>


    
    		

Include the standard RPC headers.


    

    


    #include "void.h"

    
    		

Include the header file generated by rpcgen


    

    


    pclnt = clnt_create();

    
    		
Connect to the server MJLPROG on Host and return a
pointer to the CLIENT control structure.


    

    


    void_1(pVoid, pclnt);

    
    		

Call the remote function.


    

    


    clnt_destroy();

    
    		

Disconnect from the server.


    

    

    


    

    

    
void_server.c


    


    
  #include 
  #include "void.h"

  void *void_1_svc(void *pVoid,  struct svc_req *X)
  {
      printf("Function called without passing arguments\n");
  }


    
    		

    

    

    


    

    

    


    void *void_1_svc()

    
    		

The server function that will be run for the client.


    

    

    

Please note that the server does not have a main(), rpcgen
generates it for you.

    
The code can be compiled with the following commands


      gcc void_server.c void_svc.c -o void_server
  gcc void_client.c void_clnt.c -o void_client

    

    
In theory you should be able to start the server and it will
respond everytime the client is  executed. I have not included any
error recovery into this example as it makes the code harder to
read. As an exercise try adding the error recovery code yourself :-)


    Transfer integers between the client and server
    



    

    

    

    
integer.x


    


    
  /* RPCGEN code decribing the client/server API. */
 
  program MJLPROG
  {
    version MJLVERS
    {
      int INTEGER(int) = 1;
    
    } = 1;
  } = 0x20000001;

    
    		

    

    

    


    

    

    


    int INTEGER(int) = 1;

    
    		

Server function now accepts an integer and returns an integer.


    

    





    


    

    See Also:
    


VOID keyword.

    

    

    

    

    

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29-Dec-97

    Martin Leslie



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/cmdline.html0000644000076400001440000000177007055334562016030 Command line arguments


    

    

    Command line arguments
    

    

    




    

    Examples:
    

 Example using argc and argv

    

 Bob Stout's example.

    

    See Also:
    

getopt function.

    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie


    
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/bitwise.html0000644000076400001440000001336707055334556016073 Bitwise operations


    

    

    Bitwise operations
    

    

    


    
Bitwise operators include:

    

    

    

    &     AND
    

    &=    AND
    

    |         OR
    

    |=        OR
    

    ^         XOR
    

    ^=        XOR
    

    ~         one's compliment
    

    <<  Shift Left
    

    <<  Shift Left
    

    >>= Shift Right
    

    >>=Shift Right
    

    

    

    



    

    AND OR and XOR
    

These require two operands and will perform bit comparisions.

    
AND &
will copy a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.

    

    

    

    

      
  main()
  {
    unsigned int a = 60;	/* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
    unsigned int b = 13;	/* 13 = 0000 1101 */
    unsigned int c = 0;           

    c = a & b;                  /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ 
  }


    

    

    

    

    
OR | will copy a bit if it exists in eather operand.

    

    

    

    

      
  main()
  {
    unsigned int a = 60;	/* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
    unsigned int b = 13;	/* 13 = 0000 1101 */
    unsigned int c = 0;           

    c = a | b;                  /* 61 = 0011 1101 */ 
  }


    

    

    

    

    
XOR ^ copies the bit if it is set in one operand (but not both).

    

    

    

    

      
  main()
  {
    unsigned int a = 60;	/* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
    unsigned int b = 13;	/* 13 = 0000 1101 */
    unsigned int c = 0;           

    c = a ^ b;                  /* 49 = 0011 0001 */ 
  }


    

    

    

    

    
o
XOR example program which swaps the contents of two variables.

    

    
Try it out with one of these simulators.

    

    

    
CGI simulator


JavaScript Simulator

    

    

    



    

    Ones Complement
    

This operator is unary (requires one operand) and has the efect of 
'flipping' bits. 

    

    

    

    

    
  main()
  {
    unsigned int Value=4;          /*   4 = 0000 0100 */  

    Value = ~ Value;               /* 251 = 1111 1011 */  

  }


    

    

    

    

    


    

    
Try it out

    

    

    
CGI simulator

    

    

    


    


    

    Bit shift.
    
The following     operators
can be used for shifting bits left or right. 

    

    

    

    
 << 
 >> 
 <<= 
 >>= 

    

    

    

    
The left operands value is moved left or right by the number of bits specified
by the right operand. For example:

    

    

    

    

    
  main()
  {
    unsigned int Value=4;          /*  4 = 0000 0100 */  
    unsigned int Shift=2;

    Value = Value << Shift;        /* 16 = 0001 0000 */  

    Value <<= Shift;               /* 64 = 0100 0000 */  

    printf("%d\n", Value);         /* Prints 64      */  
  }


    

    

    

    

    
Usually, the resulting 'empty' 
bit is assigned ZERO.
Please use 
unsigned 
variables with these operators to avoid unpredictable
results.

    

    
Try it out with one of these silulators

    

    

    
CGI simulator


JavaScript Simulator

    

    

    

    

    

    Examples:
    

AND
    

OR
    

Bit shifting.

    

    Problem:
    

Bit shifting problem.

    

    See Also:
    

All the other Expressions and operators.
    

Operator precedence.
    

Assignment Operators.

    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/pointers.html0000644000076400001440000003033407055334554016257 Pointers


    

    Pointers.
    

    

    
Pointers are at the heart of C. When you crack this subject, you have got the worst
of C behind you. Before you tackle pointers though, you should get a grip
on arrays.
    

    




    

    First Principles.
    
To understand pointers, it may be worth understanding how normal
variables are stored. If you disagree,     Click here
to move on.

    
What does the following program realy mean?

    

    

    


    
        main()
	{
  	    int Length;     
	}      

    
    		

    

    

    
In my mind, it means, reserve enough storage to hold an integer and assign the variable 
name 'Length' to it. The data held in this storage is undefined.
Graphically it looks like:

    
      (Address) (Data)
           ---- ----
          | F1 |   <------- Length
          |----|----|
          | F2 |    |       
          |----|----|
          | F3 |    |
          |----|----|
          | F4 |    |
           ---------    


    
To put a known value into 'Length' we code,  

    

    

    


    
	main()
	{
	    int Length;
  	    Length = 20;
        }

    
    		

    

    

    
the deciamal value 20 (Hex 14) is placed into the storage location.

    
      (Address) (Data)
	   ---- ----
          | F1 | 00 <------- Length
          |----|----|
          | F2 | 00 |
          |----|----|
          | F3 | 00 |
          |----|----|
          | F4 | 14 |
           ---------
     

    
Finally, if the program is expanded to become

    

    

    


    
      main()
      {
          int Length;

          Length = 20;

          printf("Length is %d\n", Length);
          printf("Address of Length is %p\n", &Length);
      }
      

    
    		

    

    

    
The output would look something like this .....

        
      Length is 20
      Address of Length is 0xF1
      

          

Please note the '&Length' on the second printf statement. 
The & means address of Length.  
If you are happy with this, you should push onto the pointers below.

    


    

    Pointer definition.
     

A pointer contains an     address that points 

to data.

    
An example of code defining a pointer could be...

    

    

    


    
      main()
      {
          int *Width;
      }


    
    		

    

    

    
A graphical representation could be...

    
      (Address) (Data)
           ---- ----
          | F1 |    <------- Width
          |----|----|
          | F2 |    |
          |----|----|
          | F3 |    |
          |----|----|
          | F4 |    |
           ---------
		   

    
So far, this variable looks the same as above,
 the value stored at 'Width' is unknown.
To place a value in 'Width' you could code.		   

    

    

    


    
      main()
      {
          int *Width;                                 /* 1 */

          Width = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));         /* 2 */

          *Width = 34;                                /* 3 */
      }


    
    		

    

    

    
      (Address) (Data)
           ---- ----    
          | F1 | 00 <------- Width   
	  |----|----|               (Data) (Adress)
          | F2 | 00 |                 ---------
	  |----|----|         -------> 00 | D1 |
	  | F3 | 00 |        |       |----|----|
	  |----|----|  *Width|       | 00 | D2 |
	  | F4 | D1 | -------        |----|----|
	   ---------                 | 00 | D3 |
	                             |----|----|
				     | 22 | D4 |
				      ---------
		 

    

Statements 2 and 3 are important here:

    
2) The malloc function reserves some storage and puts the address of the
storage into Width.

    
3) *Width puts a value into the storage pointed to by Width.

    

Unlike the 
Length = 20 example above, the storage pointed to by 'Width'
does NOT contain 34 (22 in Hex), it contains the address where the value
34 can be found.
The final program is...

    

    

    


    
      main()
      {
          int *Width;                               

          Width  = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));      
	  *Width = 34;

	  printf("  Data stored at *Width is %d\n", *Width); 
	  printf("       Address of Width is %p\n", &Width);
	  printf("Address stored at Width is %p\n",  Width);
      }
				  

    

    


    

    
The program would O/P something like.

    

    

    


    
          Data stored at *Width is 34
	       Address of Width is 0xF1
	Address stored at Width is 0xD1


    
    		


    
			

    
A pointer can point to any data type, ie 
int,
float,
char.
When defining a pointer you 
place an * (asterisk) character 
between the data type and the variable name, here are a few examples. 

    

    

    

    
	main()
	{
	    int    count;		/* an integer variable              */
	    int   *pcount;		/* a pointer to an integer variable */
	    float  miles;		/* a floating point variable.	    */
	    float *m;			/* a pointer			    */
	    char   ans;			/* character variable		    */ 	
	    char  *charpointer;		/* pointer to a character variable  */
	}


    

    

    



    



    

    Pointers to arrays
    
When looking at 
    arrays we had a program that accessed data within a 
two dimensional character array. This is what the code looked like.


            main()
        {
          char colours[3][6]={"red","green","blue"};
        }

    
The code above has defined an array of 3 elements, each pointing to  6
character strings.
You can also code it like this. Which is actually more descriptive
because it indicates what is actually going on in storage.

            main()
        {
          char *colours[]={"red","green","blue"};
        }

    

Graphically it looks like this:

    

    

    

    


                        
     colours  *colours *(colours+2) **colours
          |         |       |           |
          |         |       |           |
          V         V       V           |     
         ---       -----------          |     
        |   |---->|   |   |   |         |     
         ---       -----------          |     
                    |   |   |           V     
                    |   |   |         -----------------------
                     --------------->| r | e | d |   |   |   |
                        |   |         -----------------------
                        |   |      
                        |   |          -----------------------
                         ---|-------->| g | r | e | e | n |   |
                            |          -----------------------
                            |
                            |          -----------------------
                             -------->| b | l | u | e |   |   |
                                       -----------------------
		            	        A           A
                                        |           |
                                        |           |
                                **(colours+2)   *(*(colours+2)+3)
                                 

    

    

    

    	printf("%s \n", colours[1]);
	printf("%s \n", *(colours+1))

    
will both return green.

    



    

    Char Arrays verses Char pointers
    

What is the difference
between these two lumps of code?

    

    

    

    	
  main()			
  {			
      char colour[]="red";		
      printf("%s \n",colour);	
  }				


    
    		

    
  main()
  {				
      char *colour="red";
      printf("%s \n",colour);	
  }				


    

    

    
The answer is, NOTHING! They both print the word 
red because in both cases 'printf' is being passed a pointer to a 
string. 

    
An array of 4 bytes is 
reserved and the text 'red' placed
into the storage array. The contents of the array can be chaged later
BUT on the left, the size of the array is fixed.

    
Here is a picture of the example on the right. The 'r' of 'red' is stored 
at address 10, the 'e' is at address 11 etc.


    


    
At this point it maybe worth looking at  
the malloc function.


    


    

    Void Pointers
    

There are times when you write a function but do not know the datatype
of the returned value. When this is the case, you can use a void pointer.

    


    

    


    
  	int func(void *Ptr);

  	main()
  	{
            char *Str = "abc";

            func(Str);
  	}

  	int func(void *Ptr)
  	{
  	    printf("%s\n", Ptr);
  	}

    
    		

    

    

    

Please note, you cant do pointer arithmatic on void pointers.

    



    

    Pointers to pointers
    

So far we have looked at pointers to data, but there is no reason why
we should not define a pointer to a pointer.  The syntax looks like this.

    


    

    


    
	main()
	{
	    char **DoublePtr;
	}

    
    		

    

    

    

A common use for these is when you want to return a
pointer in a function parameter.

    


    

    


       	#include 		/* malloc */

	void Func(char **DoublePtr);

	main()
	{
            char *Ptr;

	    Func(&Ptr);
	}

	void Func(char **DoublePtr)
	{
	    *DoublePtr = malloc(50);
	}

    
    		

    

    

    


    


    


    Pointers to functions
    

Pointers to functions can be used to create 'callback' functions. 
An example of these pointers can be seen in the 
    qsort function.

    

    Examples.
    


Simple example passing a function pointer.
    


 Example passing 'int' variables.
    


 Example passing 'char' and 'char *' variables.
    


    

    See Also:
    


VOID keyword.

    

function arguments.

    

linked lists.

    

Strings.

    

Arrays.


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/true_false.html0000644000076400001440000000364507055334564016553 True or False


    

    

    True or False.
    

    

    
The concept of an expression evaluating to true or false is one of
the corner stones of C. BUT the language derives true and false in an
unusual way.
    
Basicly there is no boolean value. The number 0 is considered to be false
and all other numbers are considered to be true....
    

Please consider the following expressions.


    	(1 == 1) 	true
	(1 != 1)	false
	(i  = 1)   	true
	(i  = 0)   	false
	(i  = 1 + 1) 	true

    
The first two examples should be clear but the last ones need explanation .
    
The last three examples assign a value to a variable and a side effect of 
assignment is to return the value assigned, it is this value that is tested 
to be true or false.
    
Looking at the last example:

    	(i = 1 + 1)
  	(i = 2)
	(2)

    


      

    • The third expression assigns a value of 1 to i. 1 is considered to 
be true because it is non-zero.

      

    • The fourth expression assigns a value of 0 to i. 0 is considered to 
be false.

      

    • The fith expression assigns a value of 2 to i. 2 is considered to 
be true, because it is non-zero.

    

    

    

    See Also:
    

enum keyword

    

    

    

    

    

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     Corrections made by Christopher Wolf



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/storage_class.html0000644000076400001440000001162307055334545017245 C Storage Classes




    

    

    C Storage Classes.
    

    

    

    
C has a concept of 'Storage classes' which are used to define the 
scope (visability) and life time of variables and/or functions.

    
So what Storage Classes are available?

    

    

    
auto
register
static
extern
typedef

    

    

    

    

    auto - storage class
    
auto is the default storage class for local variables.

    	{
	    int Count;
	    auto int Month;
	}

    

The example above defines two variables with the same storage class.
auto can only be used within functions, i.e. local variables. 
    

    

    register - Storage Class
    
register is used to define local variables that should be stored 
in a register instead of RAM. This means that the variable has a maximum size 
equal to the register size (usually one word) and cant have the unary '&' 
operator applied to it (as it does not have a memory location).

    	{
	  register int  Miles;
	}

    
Register should only be used for variables that require quick access - such
as counters. It should also be noted that defining 'register' goes not mean
that the variable will be stored in a register. It means that it MIGHT be stored
in a register - depending on hardware and implimentation restrictions.
    

    

    static - Storage Class
    

Click here for static functions

    
static is the default storage class for
global variables. The two     
variables below (count and road) both have a static storage class.

    

    

    

    


    
     static int Count;
     int Road;

     main()
     {
       printf("%d\n", Count);
       printf("%d\n", Road);
     }

    
    		

    

    

    

    

'static' can also be defined within a function. If this is done, the variable
is initalised at compilation time and retains its value between calls.
Because it is initialsed at compilation time, the initalistation value
must be a constant.
This is serious stuff - tread with care.

    

    

    

    


    
     void Func(void)
     {
       static Count=1;
     }

    
    		

    

    

    

    
Here is an example
    


There is one very important use for 'static'. Consider this bit of code.

    

    

    

    


    
     char *Func(void);

     main()
     {
       char *Text1;
       Text1 = Func();
     }

     char *Func(void)
     {
       char Text2[10]="martin";
       return(Text2);
     }

    
    		

    

    

    

    
'Func' returns a pointer to the memory location where 'Text2' starts
BUT Text2 has a storage class of auto and will disappear
when we exit the function and could be overwritten by something else. The
answer is to specify:

    

    

    

    


    
     static char Text[10]="martin";

    
    		

    

    

    

    
The storage assigned to 'Text2' will remain reserved for the duration if the 
program.


    

    extern - storage Class
    
extern defines a global variable that is visable to ALL object 
modules. When you use 'extern' the variable cannot be initalized as 
all it does is point the variable name at a storage location that has 
been previously defined.

    

 	Source 1				Source 2
        --------				--------


	extern int count;			int count=5;

        write()					main()
        {					{
          printf("count is %d\n", count);	  write();
        }					}

    

Count in 'source 1' will have a value of 5. If source 1 changes the 
value of count - source 2 will see the new value. Here are some example 
source files.

    
Source 1
    
Source 2
    

The compile command will look something like.
    

    	gcc source1.c source2.c -o program

    


    

    See Also:
    

Data types.



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/cast.html0000644000076400001440000000311007055334544015335 
cast



    

    

    To cast, casting
    

    

    

If you want to change the 
datatype of a variable 
you have to use a technic called cast. For example if want to 
change an int to a 
float 
you could use the following syntax:

    

    

    

    


            
    main()
    {
        int var1;
        float var2;

        var2 = (float)var1;
    }

    
    		

    

    

    

    
As it happens this example would never be used in practice because C 
would perform the conversion automatically.

What this example does show is the cast operator () . This states, 
the result of the expression (in this case var1) is to be a  
data type of float.

    

    

    See Also:
    

 C++ changes to cast.

    

    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie


    
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/arrays.html0000644000076400001440000001165307055334542015715 Arrays


    

    

    Arrays.
    

    

    
Arrays can be created from any of the C data types 
int,
float,
char. I start with int and 
float 
as these are the easiest to understand. Then move onto int 
and float 
multi dimentional arrays and finally char arrays




    

    int and float arrays
    
To     define an integer or 
floating point variable you would say.

    	main()
	{
	  int   Count;		/* integer variable 		*/
	  float Miles;		/* floating point variable	*/
	}

    
The syntax for an array is:

    	main()
	{
	  int   Count[5];	/* 5 element integer array	*/
	  float Miles[10];	/* 10 element floating point array */
	}

    

Now, the important fact is that the elements start at 0 (ZERO), so, 
'Count' above has elements 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. 
    
To change the value of the 5th element we would code:

    	main()
	{
	  int Count[5];
	  Count[4] = 20;	/* code 4 to update the 5th element */
	}

    

If we want to initalise 'Count' at definition we can say:

    	main()
	{
	  int i;
	  int Count[5]={10, 20, 30};
	  for (i=0; i< 5; i++)
      	  {
   	    printf("%d ", Count[i]);
   	  }
	  puts("");
	}

    

The result will be:

    	10 20 30 0 0 

    
We can see from the example above that the elements that have NOT been 
initalised 
have been set to zero.
    
One last thing to show you. If all the elements are being 
initialized when the variable is being defined, the compiler can work out
the number of elements for you. So this example will create an array 
with 3 elements.

    	main()
	{
	  int i;
	  int Count[]={10, 20, 30};
	}

    

Don't forget, all the stuff so far also applies to float.

    



    

    Two dimensional int and float arrays.
    

C does not actually support multi-dimensional arrays, but you can 
emulate them. 

    	main()
	{
	  int Count[5];
	  int Matrix[10][4];
	}

    
Count has been seen before, it defines an array of 5 elements.
    
Matrix is defined as 10 arrays, all with 4 elements.
    
To initalise Matrix at definition, you would code the following.

    	main()
	{
	  int Matrix[4][2]={{1, 2},
	  		    {3, 4},
			    {5, 6},
			    {7, 8}};
	}

    
Dont forget the last element will be Matrix[3][1]

    



    

    char arrays.
    

char arrays work in the same way as int and float

    	main()
	{
	  char Letter;
	  char Letters[10];
	}

    
'Letter' can only hold one character but 'the 'Letters' array could hold 10.
It is important to think of 'char' as an array and NOT a string.
    
To initalise 'char' variables you can use the following syntax.

    	main()
	{
	  char Letter='x';
	  char Letters[10]='f','a','x',' ','m','o','d','e','m','\0';
	  char Text[10]="fax modem";
	}

    
Note that the double quotes mean 'text string' and so they will add the 
    NULL
automatically. This is the only time that text can be loaded into an array
in this way. If you want to change the contents of the array you should use 
the function strcpy.

    



    

    Two dimensional char arrays.
    

Two dimensional arrays are a different kettle of fish! We can follow the 
rules above to define the array like this.

    	main()
	{
	  char Colours[3][6]={"red","green","blue"};

	  printf ("%c \n", Colours[0][0]); 	/* O/P 'r' */
	  printf ("%s \n", Colours[1]);    	/* O/P 'green' */
	}

    

The example above has reserved 18 consecutive bytes and created three 
pointers into them.

    
                  ---------------------
                 |red  \0green\0blue \0|
                  ---------------------
                  A      A      A
                  |      |      |
   Colours[0] ----       |      |
   Colours[1] -----------       |
   Colours[2] ------------------


    

    

    

click here for chat on pointers.


    

    

    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/precedence.html0000644000076400001440000001767707055334561016526 Operator Precedence






    

    Operator Precedence
    

    


The following tables show the order in which operators are evaluated. 
Please note the following.


      

    • The order in which the operands are evaluated is not specified in
the ANSII standard.


    • For readability you should not rely on these rules! Put everything
in brackets so you intension is clear to the compiler and other 
programmers.

    


    


    o
Summary table.


    o
Table in detail.
                   

    o
Operators listed by type.

    


    



    Summary precedence table.
    

All operators on the same line have the same precedence.
The first line has the highest precedence.

    

    

    


     ()  []  ->  .  
    

     !   ~   ++  --  + 
                  -   *   &   sizeof  
    

     *   /   %  
    

     +   -  
    

     <<  >> 
    

     <   <=  >=  >  
    

     ==  != 
    

     &  
    

     ^  
    

     |  
    

     && 
    

     || 
    

     ?: 
    

     =   +=  -=  *=  /= 
                  %=  &=  ^=  |=  <<= 
                  >>= 
     

     ,  
    

    

    

    

Lary Huang has told me that the postfix unary -- and
postfix unary ++ have a
higher precedence than the prefix unary -- and
prefix unary ++.


    

    

    Detailed precedence table.
    

All operators in the same 'block' have the same precedence. The first block 
has the 
highest precedence.

    


    

    

    GroupOperatorDescriptionExample

    

Membership.


    


    
()Function call.count = function(4,3);

    


    
[]Array.value = array[5] + increment;

    


    
->Structure pointer.

    


    
 .Structure member.

    


    

Unary.


    


    
!Logical NOT

    


    
~   	

    


    
++Increment.

    


    
--Decrement.

    


    
+ 

    


    
-  

    


    
*Pointer to data

    


    
&Address of a variable.

    


    
sizeof

    


    
(type)type cast.

    


    

Binary.



    
* Multiply.

    


    
/ Divide.

    


    
% Modulo.

    


    

Binary.


    


    
+ Addition

    


    
- Subtraction.

    


    

Bitwise


    


    
<<	Shift left.

    


    
>>	Shift Right.

    


    

Relational.


    


    	
<	Less than.

    


    
>	Greater than.

    


    
<=	Less than or equal too.

    


    
>=	Greater than or equal too.

    


    
==	Equal too.

    


    
!=	Not equal too.

    


    

More Bitwise


    


    
&	bitwise AND

    


    
^  bitwise Excusive OR

    


    
|	bitwise OR

    


    

Logical.	


    


    
&&	Logical AND

    


    

Logical.	


    


    
||	Logical OR

    

    

Conditional


    


    
? : Conditional construct.

    


    

Assignment


    


    
=	 Equals

    


    
+=	 assignment

    


    
-=	 assignment

    


    
*=	 assignment

    


    
/=	 assignment

    


    
%=	 assignment

    


    
&=	 assignment

    


    
^=	 assignment

    


    
|=	 assignment

    


    
<<= assignment

    


    
>>= assignment

    


    

Series


    


    
,   Comma

    

    

    


    

    

    See also:
    

o
    Expressions and operators.

    
o
Assignment Operators.

    



    


    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/inc_dec.html0000644000076400001440000000372307055334546016003 Increment and decrement.


    

    

    Increment and decrement.
    

    

    

The traditional method of incrementing numbers is by coding something like:

    	a = a + 1;

    
Within C, this syntax is valid but you can also use the ++ operator to perform
the same function.

    	a++;

    
will also add 1 to the value of a. 
By using a simular syntax you can also decrement a variable as shown below.

    	a--;

    
These operators can be placed as a prefix or post fix as below:

    	a++;		++a;

    
When used on their own (as above) the prefix and postfix have the same effect
BUT within an expression there is a subtle difference....
    


      

    1. Prefix notation will increment the variable BEFORE the 
expression is evaluated.

    2. Postfix notation will increment AFTER the expression evaluation.

    

Here is an example:

    	main()				main()
	{				{
	  int a=1;			  int a=1;
	  printf(" a is %d", ++a);	  printf(" a is %d", a++);
        }				}


    

In both examples, the final value of a will be 2. BUT the first 
example will print 2 and the second will print 1.


    

 Example program.
    


Other operators.
    


Operator precedence table.

    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONCEPT/type_conv.html0000644000076400001440000000320307055334546016416 Data type conversion


    

    Data type conversion
    

    

An operator must have 
operands
of the same 
type before it can carry out the operation. Because of this, C will perform 
some automatic conversion of data types.

    
These are the general rules for binary operators (* + / % etc):

    

      

    • If either operand is long double the other is converted to 
long double.

      

    • Otherwise, if either operand is double the other is converted 
to double

      

    • Otherwise, if either operand is float the other is converted 
to float

      

    • Otherwise, convert char and short to int

      

    • Then, if an operand is long convert the other to long.

    


    

    See Also
    

cast to force a type conversion.

    

typedef keyword.

    

    

    

    

    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405222013610 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405220014357 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/clock.c0000755000076400001440000001274107055333704015544 /* CLOCK.H:  prototypes/defines for the CLOCK.C file                    */
/*
    This file written in 1990 Jonathan R. Guthrie and placed in the
    public domain
*/

int     far     startclock(int x, int y, int attr);
void    far     stopclock(void);

#define CLOCK_OK        0   /* Clock was installed properly             */
#define CLOCK_ERR_INST  -1  /* Clock is already installed               */
#define CLOCK_ERR_OOS   -2  /* Clock would be off the screen            */


/* CLOCK.C:  An on-screen clock generator                               */
/*
    This file written in 1990 Jonathan R. Guthrie and placed in the
    public domain
*/

#include    
#include    
#include    
#include    
#include    "clock.h"

#define CLOCK       0x1c
#define TRUE        1
#define FALSE       0

/* Now, the stuff needed for the for the on-screen clock                */

static  void    interrupt   (*oldvector)(void);
static  void    interrupt   do_clock(void);
static  void    setstr(char *, int, size_t);

static  char    timestuff[22], hours, oddfives, ticks, ticklimit;

static  int     clockx, clocky, clockattr, installed = FALSE;

int     far     startclock(int x, int y, int attr)
{
      time_t  temptime;
      struct  tm  *struct_time;
      int     bigx;
      struct  text_info   r;

      /* The clock starting routine */

      /* First, see if it's already installed */

      if(installed)
            return  CLOCK_ERR_INST;
      else  installed = TRUE;

      /* Now, set assorted important module constants */

      clockx = x;
      clocky = y;
      clockattr = attr;

      gettextinfo(&r);

      if((clockx < 0) || (clockx > r.screenwidth - 10) ||
         (clocky < 0) || (clocky > r.screenheight))
      {
            installed = FALSE;
            return CLOCK_ERR_OOS;
      }

      /* Now, set the program's clock */

      setstr(timestuff, clockattr, 22);

      time(&temptime);
      struct_time = localtime(&temptime);

      oddfives    = 0;
      ticklimit   = 17;
      hours         = (struct_time->tm_hour + 11) % 12 + 1;
      timestuff[0]  = (hours > 9) ? '1' : ' ';
      timestuff[2]  = '0' + hours % 10;
      timestuff[4]  = ':';
      timestuff[6]  = '0' + struct_time->tm_min / 10;
      timestuff[8]  = '0' + struct_time->tm_min % 10;
      timestuff[10] = ':';
      timestuff[12] = '0' + struct_time->tm_sec / 10;
      timestuff[14] = '0' + struct_time->tm_sec % 10;
      timestuff[16] = ' ';
      timestuff[18] = (struct_time->tm_hour > 11) ? 'P' : 'A';
      timestuff[20] = 'M';

      /* Now, initialize the clock as displayed on the screen */

      puttext(clockx, clocky, clockx+10, clocky, timestuff);

      /* Finally, set the vector to point to the clock routine */

      disable();
      oldvector = getvect(CLOCK);
      setvect(CLOCK, do_clock);
      enable();
      return  CLOCK_OK;
}

static  void    interrupt   do_clock(void)
{
      ++ticks;
      if(ticks > ticklimit)   /* Then, it's time to update the seconds */
      {
            ticks = 0;

            /* First, handle the fractional Hz part */

            ++oddfives;
            if (5 == oddfives)
            {
                  oddfives = 0;
                  ticklimit = 18;
            }
            else
            {
                  ticklimit = 17;
            }
   
            /* Now, handle the seconds count */

            ++timestuff[14];

            if (timestuff[14] > '9')
            {
                  timestuff[14] = '0';

                  /* Now, handle the tens of seconds count */

                  ++timestuff[12];
                  if (timestuff[12] > '5')
                  {
                        timestuff[12] = '0';

                        /* Now, handle the minutes count */

                        ++timestuff[8];
                        if (timestuff[8] > '9')
                        {
                              timestuff[8] = '0';

                              /* Now, handle the ten minutes count */

                              ++timestuff[6];
                              if (timestuff[6] > '5')
                              {
                                    timestuff[6] = '0';

                                    /* Now, handle the hours count */

                                    ++hours;
                                    if(12 == hours)
                                          if ('P' == timestuff[18])
                                                timestuff[18] = 'A';
                                          else  timestuff[18] = 'P';

                                    if(hours > 12)
                                          hours = 1;

                                    timestuff[0] = (hours > 9) ? '1' : ' ';
                                    timestuff[2] = '0' + hours % 10;
                              }
                        }
                  }
            }

            /* Now, update the display */

            puttext(clockx, clocky, clockx+10, clocky, timestuff);
      }
}

void    far     stopclock(void)
{
      if(installed)
      {
            disable();
            setvect(CLOCK, oldvector);
            enable();
            installed = FALSE;
      }
}

static  void    setstr(char *s, int ch, size_t n)
{
      size_t  i;
    
      for(i=0 ; i or ".  This program doesn't inhibit comment, string, or character
** constant detection within the header name, as an ANSI parser must.
**
** Written by and contributed to the public domain by
** Thad Smith III,   Boulder, CO,  October 1990.
*/

#include 

#ifndef INHIBIT_TRIGRAPHS        /* default: recognize trigraphs */
 #define getnc()  getnsc(1)       /* get char with trigraph xlate */
 #ifdef TRANSLATE_TRIGRAPHS
  #define getcmtc() getnsc(1)     /* get comment char w/ t.g. xlate */
 #else
  #define getcmtc() getnsc(0)     /* default: no comment t.g. xlate */
 #endif

/*
**  get next source character or EOF
*/

int getnsc(int cvtg)             /* boolean: convert trigraphs */
{
      static int c, nc, nnc;     /* next 3 characters */

      /* shift in next source character */

      c = nc;  nc = nnc;   nnc = getchar();

      /* perform trigraph substitution */

      if (cvtg && c == '?' && nc == '?')
      {
            switch (nnc)
            {
            case '=' :
                  c = '#' ;
                  break;
            case '(' :
                  c = '[' ;
                  break;
            case '/' :
                  c = '\\';
                  break;
            case ')' :
                  c = ']' ;
                  break;
            case '\'':
                  c = '^' ;
                  break;
            case '<' :
                  c = '{' ;
                  break;
            case '!' :
                  c = '|' ;
                  break;
            case '>' :
                  c = '}' ;
                  break;
            case '-' :
                  c = '~' ;
                  break;
            default  :
                  return c;        /* no substitution */
            }
            nc = getchar();   nnc = getchar();
      }
      return c;
}

#else       /* don't process trigraphs */

 #define getnc()   getchar()
 #define getcmtc() getchar()
#endif

int main(void)
{
      int pc;  /* previous character      */
      int c;   /* current input character */

#ifndef INHIBIT_TRIGRAPHS
      getnc();                                        /* prime the pump */
      getnc();
#endif
      c = getnc();                                    /* get first char */

      for (;;)                                  /* in non-comment area */
      {
            switch (c)
            {
            case '/':                     /* possible start of comment */
                  if ((c= getnc()) == '*')      /* process comment */
                  {
                        putchar('/');
                        putchar('*');

                        /* copy comment to stdout */

                        for (pc = 0; (c = getcmtc()) != EOF &&
                              (putchar(c) != '/' || pc != '*'); pc=c)
                                    ;
                              putchar('\n');
#ifdef CPP_MODE
                  }
                  else if (c == '/')      /*  '//' comment */
                  {
                        putchar('/');
                        putchar('/');
                        while ((c = getcmtc()) != EOF && putchar(c) != '\n')
                              ;
#endif
                  }
                  else  continue;         /* test current char */
                  break;

            case '\"':                                /* start of string */
            case '\'':    /* start of (possibly multi-byte) char constant */
                  pc = c;                             /* save delimiter */
                  do                      /* scan through character constant,
                                          ** discarding escape chars
                                          */
                  {
                        while ((c = getnc()) == '\\')
                              getnc();
                  } while (c != pc && c != EOF);
                  break;
            }
            if (c == EOF)
                  return 0;
            else  c = getnc();
      }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ansiscrn.h0000755000076400001440000000451007055333637016276 #ifndef   ANSISCRN
#define   ANSISCRN
/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 *
 *       ANSISCRN.H
 *
 *       #include implementation of ANSI screen control codes
 *            Contributed to the public domain 12-26-91 by
 *              Matthew J. Glass.
 *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

#include   

#define   ESC                  27
#define   ANSI_cup(a,b)        printf("%c[%d;%dH",ESC,a,b)
#define   ANSI_up(a)           printf("%c[%dA",ESC,a)
#define   ANSI_down(a)         printf("%c[%dB",ESC,a)
#define   ANSI_right(a)        printf("%c[%dC",ESC,a)
#define   ANSI_left(a)         printf("%c[%dD",ESC,a)
#define   ANSI_locate(a,b)     printf("%c[%d;%df",ESC,a,b)
#define   ANSI_savecurs()      printf("%c[S",ESC)
#define   ANSI_restcurs()      printf("%c[U",ESC)
#define   ANSI_cls()           printf("%c[2J",ESC)
#define   ANSI_cleol()         printf("%c[K",ESC)
#define   ANSI_margins(a,b)    printf("%c[%d;%dr",ESC,a,b)

#define   NORMAL         0     /* attributes for ANSI_attrib() */
#define   BOLD           1
#define   USCORE         2
#define   BLINK          3
#define   REVERSE        4
#define   INVIS          5

#define   BLACK          0     /* colors for ANSI_bg_color() and */
#define   RED            1     /* ANSI_fg_color.                 */
#define   GREEN          2
#define   YELLOW         3
#define   BLUE           4
#define   MAGENTA        5
#define   CYAN           6
#define   WHITE          7
#define   B_BLACK        8     /* bright colors for ANSI_fg_color() */
#define   B_RED          9
#define   B_GREEN        10
#define   B_YELLOW       11
#define   B_BLUE         12
#define   B_MAGENTA      13
#define   B_CYAN         14
#define   B_WHITE        15

static char *_atrb_plt[] = {
   "0","1","4","5","7","8"
   };

static char *_fg_plt[] = {
   "0;30","0;31","0;32","0;33",
   "0;34","0;35","0;36","0;37",
   "1;30","1;31","1;32","1;33",
   "1;34","1;35","1;36","1;37"
   };

static char *_bg_plt[] = {
   "40","41","42","43",
   "44","45","46","47"
    };

#define   ANSI_attrib(a)     printf("%c[%sm",ESC,_atrb_plt[a])
#define   ANSI_fg_color(a)   printf("%c[%sm",ESC, _fg_plt[a] )
#define   ANSI_bg_color(a)   printf("%c[%sm",ESC, _bg_plt[a] )

#endif /* ANSISCRN */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ansiself.c0000755000076400001440000000063507055333637016261 /*
**  Challenge: Write the smallest self-duplicating program, not
**  reading the source file, which successfully exits and is strictly
**  conforming Standard C.
**
**  Public domain response by Thad Smith
*/

#include
main(){char*c="\\\"#include%cmain(){char*c=%c%c%c%.102s%cn%c;printf(c+2,c[102],c[1],*c,*c,c,*c,c[1]);exit(0);}\n";printf(c+2,c[102],c[1],*c,*c,c,*c,c[1]);exit(0);}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/inchcvrt.c0000755000076400001440000000360307055334015016262 /*
**  Convert English measurement units
**
**  Takes command line arguments in inches and converts to:
**
**  1. feet and inches (expressed as floating point)
**  2. feet and inches (expressed as fraction)
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
**  uses ROUND.H from SNIPPETS
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "round.h"

#define BASE 64.0

void cnvrt_inches(double  input,
                  double *feet,
                  double *inches,
                  double *dec_inches,
                  double *num_inches,
                  double *den_inches)
{
      double quot, rem, temp;

      /*
      **  Split feet and inches
      */

      *feet   = floor(input / 12.0);
      *inches = fmod(input, 12.0);

      /*
      **  Get integer inches and fractions
      */

      *num_inches = modf(*inches, dec_inches) * BASE;

      *num_inches = fround(*num_inches, 0);
      if (0.0 == *num_inches)
            return;

      /*
      **  Reduce fractions to lowest common denominator
      */

      for (*den_inches = BASE;
            0.0 == fmod(*num_inches, 2.0);
            *den_inches /= 2.0, *num_inches /= 2.0)
      {
            ;
      }
}

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      double arg, feet, inches, dec, num, den, dummy;

      while (--argc)
      {
            arg = atof(*(++argv));
            cnvrt_inches(arg, &feet, &inches, &dec, &num, &den);
            printf("%f Inches = %d' %.5f\" or %d' %d",
                  arg, (int)feet, inches, (int)feet, (int)dec);
            if (0.0 == num)
                  puts("\"");
            else
            {
                  printf("-%d/%d\"", (int)num, (int)den);
                  if (modf(num, &dummy))
                        puts(" (approx.)");
                  else  puts("");
            }
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/do.c0000755000076400001440000000052507055333722015050 /*
**  DO.C - a simple facility for specifying multiple commands
*/

#include 
#include 

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: DO \"DOS command 1\" \"DOS command 2\" ...");
            return;
      }
      while (--argc)
            system(*++argv);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mv.c0000755000076400001440000000624007055334114015064 /*
** mv.c -- move or rename files or directories  
** updated for multiple files, 5 jul 92, rlm    
** placed in the public domain via C_ECHO by the author, Ray McVay
**
** modified by Bob Stout, 28 Mar 93
** modified by Bob Stout,  4 Jun 93
**
** uses file_copy from SNIPPETS file WB_FCOPY.C
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
 
/* For portability, make everything look like MSC 6 */
 
#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include 
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #define attrib ff_attrib
#else                   /* assume MSC/QC                                */
 #include 
#endif

/*
**  Tell 'em they messed up
*/

void help(char *s)
{
      puts("usage: mv  ");
      printf("error: %s\n", s);
}

/*
**  Simple directory test
*/

isdir(char *path)
{
      struct  find_t f;

      /* "Raw" drive specs are always directories     */

      if (':' == path[1] && '\0' == path[2])
            return 1;

      return (_dos_findfirst(path, _A_SUBDIR, &f) == 0 &&
            (f.attrib & _A_SUBDIR));
}

/*
**  Use rename or copy and delete
*/

int mv(char *src, char *dest)
{
      int errcount = 0;
      char buf[FILENAME_MAX];
      const char *generr = "ERROR: mv - couldn't %s %s %s\n";

      if (':' == dest[1] && *dest != *getcwd(buf, FILENAME_MAX))
      {
            if (file_copy(src, dest))
            {
                  printf(generr, "move", src, dest);
                  ++errcount;
            }
            else if (unlink(src))
            {
                  printf(generr, "delete", src, "");
                  ++errcount;
            }
      }
      else
      {
            if (rename(src, dest))
            {
                  printf(generr, "rename", src, dest);
                  ++errcount;
            }
      }
      return errcount;
}

/*
**  Enter here
*/

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      int src, errcount = 0;
      char target[FILENAME_MAX];

      puts("mv 1.3 (4 jun 93) - Ray L. McVay/Bob Stout");
      if (argc < 3)
            help("Not enough parameters");

      /*
      **  Handle cases where target is a directory
      */

      else if (isdir(argv[argc -1]))
      {
            for (src = 1; src < argc - 1; src++)
            {
                  char termch;

                  strcpy(target, argv[argc - 1]);
                  termch = target[strlen(target) - 1];
                  if ('\\' != termch && ':' != termch)
                        strcat(target, "\\");

                  if (strrchr(argv[src], '\\'))
                        strcat(target, strrchr(argv[src], '\\') + 1);
                  else if (argv[src][1] == ':')
                        strcat(target, argv[src] + 2);
                  else  strcat(target, argv[src]);

                  errcount += mv(argv[src], target);
            }
      }

      /*
      **  Nothing left except 2 explicit file names
      */

      else if (argc == 3)
            errcount += mv(argv[1], argv[2]);

      return errcount;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pi.c0000755000076400001440000000712607055334137015063 /*
**  PI.C - Computes Pi to an arbitrary number of digits
**
**  Uses far arrays so may be compiled in any memory model
*/

#include
#include

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #include 
 #define FAR _far
 #define Fcalloc farcalloc
 #define Ffree farfree
 #define Size_T unsigned long
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include 
 #define FAR far
 #define Fcalloc farcalloc
 #define Ffree farfree
 #define Size_T unsigned long
#else /* assume MSC/QC */
 #include 
 #define FAR _far
 #define Fcalloc _fcalloc
 #define Ffree _ffree
 #define Size_T size_t
#endif

long kf, ks;
long FAR *mf, FAR *ms;
long cnt, n, temp, nd;
long i;
long col, col1;
long loc, stor[21];

void shift(long FAR *l1, long FAR *l2, long lp, long lmod)
{
      long k;

      k = ((*l2) > 0 ? (*l2) / lmod: -(-(*l2) / lmod) - 1);
      *l2 -= k * lmod;
      *l1 += k * lp;
}

void yprint(long m)
{
      if (cnt 9)
            {
                  wk = m / 10;
                  m %= 10;
                  for (wk1 = loc; wk1 >= 1; wk1--)
                  {
                        wk += stor[(int)wk1];
                        stor[(int)wk1] = wk % 10;
                        wk /= 10;
                  }
            }
      }
      stor[(int)(++loc)] = m;
}

void memerr(int errno)
{
        printf("\a\nOut of memory error #%d\n", errno);
        if (2 == errno)
                Ffree(mf);
        _exit(2);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i=0;
      char *endp;

      stor[i++] = 0;
      if (argc < 2)
      {
            puts("\aUsage: PI ");
            return(1);
      }
      n = strtol(argv[1], &endp, 10);
      if (NULL == (mf = Fcalloc((Size_T)(n + 3L), (Size_T)sizeof(long))))
            memerr(1);
      if (NULL == (ms = Fcalloc((Size_T)(n + 3L), (Size_T)sizeof(long))))
            memerr(2);
      printf("\nApproximation of PI to %ld digits\n", (long)n);
      cnt = 0;
      kf = 25;
      ks = 57121L;
      mf[1] = 1L;
      for (i = 2; i <= (int)n; i += 2)
      {
            mf[i] = -16L;
            mf[i+1] = 16L;
      }
      for (i = 1; i <= (int)n; i += 2)
      {
            ms[i] = -4L;
            ms[i+1] = 4L;
      }
      printf("\n 3.");
      while (cnt < n)
      {
            for (i = 0; ++i <= (int)n - (int)cnt; )
            {
                  mf[i] *= 10L;
                  ms[i] *= 10L;
            }
            for (i =(int)(n - cnt + 1); --i >= 2; )
            {
                  temp = 2 * i - 1;
                  shift(&mf[i - 1], &mf[i], temp - 2, temp * kf);
                  shift(&ms[i - 1], &ms[i], temp - 2, temp * ks);
            }
            nd = 0;
            shift((long FAR *)&nd, &mf[1], 1L, 5L);
            shift((long FAR *)&nd, &ms[1], 1L, 239L);
            xprint(nd);
      }
      printf("\n\nCalculations Completed!\n");
      Ffree(ms);
      Ffree(mf);
      return(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pi.h0000755000076400001440000000017107055334137015061 #ifndef PI
 #define PI         (4*atan(1))
#endif

#define deg2rad(d) ((d)*PI/180)
#define rad2deg(r) ((r)*180/PI)
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pr.c0000755000076400001440000002206407055334151015066 /*
      This program is similar to a program of the same name found on UNIX.
      It prints the files named in the command tail with headings
      except as modified below.

      usage: pr [-i -ln -on -pname -tn -wn] file1[ file2 ... filen]
      where:            -i    = accept files from stdin
                  -ln   = set lines per page to n
                  -on   = set page offset to n
                  -pname      = output to file 
                  -tn   = set tabs to n cols
                  -wn   = set page width to n

      note: the expr 'PAGE(mesg)' found in col 1 will cause a formfeed
                  and the 'mesg' to be included in the title line on this and
                  each subsequent page until EOF or another PAGE.
*/

#include 

#define TAB_DEFAULT 4
#define PAGE_LENGTH 60
#define PAGE_OFFSET 0
#define PAGE_WIDTH      80
#define MAX_ARGS    70
#define MAX_FILES 64
#define PATH_LENGTH 63
#define PAGE(head)

#ifndef TRUE

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

#endif


int page_length = PAGE_LENGTH;
int page_offset = PAGE_OFFSET;
int page_width    = PAGE_WIDTH;

int tab_width = TAB_DEFAULT;

char *xargv[ MAX_ARGS ];
unsigned xargc;

char filenames [MAX_FILES] [PATH_LENGTH + 1];

char *print_name = "PRN:";

extern long atoi();

char title [80];
char date [20];
char time [20];
int ln, pn;

PAGE (MAIN)
main(argc, argv)  /* copy file to printer */
int  argc;
char *argv [];
{
      FILE *file, *lp;
      int fi = 0;
      int read_stdin = FALSE;
      int pn;
      char *cp;

      if (argc < 2) /* No args so tell 'em how it works */
      {
            fprintf(stderr,
            "usage:\n\npr %s %s\n\n",
            "[-i] [-lnn] [-onn] [-p] [-tn] [-wnn]",
            "[file1[ file2 ... filen]]");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "where: i = read 'stdin' for filenames to print\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       l = lines-per-page and nn <= 120\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       o = page offset    and nn <= 120\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       p = print redirection and\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "            = pathname or devicename\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       t = spaces-per-tab and n  <= 8\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       w = page width     and nn <= 160\n\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "Notes: PAGE() in col 1 of text file\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       and <title text...> the title you want.\n\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       C pgms should include the following macro:\n\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "            #define PAGE(title)\n\n");
            fprintf(stderr,
            "       < and > not required and should not be used\n\n");
            exit(0);
      }

      xargc = xargs("pr", argc, argv, xargv, MAX_ARGS);
      
      for (pn = 0; pn < xargc; pn++)
      {
            if (*xargv[pn] == '-')
            {
                  cp = xargv[pn] + 1;
                  switch (tolower(*cp))
                  {
                  case 'i':/* wants help */
                        read_stdin = TRUE;
                        break;
                  case 'l':/* page length change */
                        page_length = (int) atoi(cp + 1);
                        if ((page_length <= 0) || (page_length > 120))
                              page_length = PAGE_LENGTH;
                        break;

                  case 'p':/* direct output to file */
                        print_name = cp + 1;
                        break;

                  case 't':/* tab width change */
                        tab_width = (int) atoi(cp + 1);
                        if ((tab_width <= 0) || (tab_width > 8))
                              tab_width = TAB_DEFAULT;
                        break;

                  case 'o':/* page offset change */
                        page_offset = (int) atoi(cp + 1);
                        if ((page_offset < 0) || (page_offset > 120))
                              page_offset = PAGE_OFFSET;
                        break;

                  case 'w':/* page width change */
                        page_width = (int) atoi(cp + 1);
                        if ((page_width <= 0) || (page_width > 160))
                              page_width = PAGE_WIDTH;
                        break;

                  default:
                        fprintf(stderr, "pr: Invalid option = %s\n",
                              xargv[pn]);
                  }
            }
            else  /* must be a path name */
            {
                  if (fi < MAX_FILES)
                        strcpy(filenames[fi++], xargv[pn]);
                  else
                  {
                        fprintf(stderr, "pr: "
                              "Exceeded maximum file capacity\n");
                        break;
                  }
            }
      }

      if ((lp = fopen(print_name, "w")) == 0)
      {
            fprintf(stderr, "pr: Unable to open %s as output\n", print_name);
            exit(1);
      }

      if (read_stdin)
      {
            for(;;)
            {
                  if (fi == MAX_FILES)
                  {
                        fputs("pr: Exceeded maximum file capacity\n",
                              stderr);
                        break;
                  }
                  cp = gets(filenames [fi], PATH_LENGTH);
                  if (!cp)
                        break;
                  else  fi++;
            }
      }
      /* now print each file */

      for (pn = 0; pn < fi; pn++)
            prt(filenames [pn], lp);  /* print the file */
}
PAGE (NEW PAGE)

new_page (fnp, lp)
char *fnp;
FILE *lp;
{
      if (ln < 3)
            return;
      ++pn;
      if (pn > 1)
            fputc('\f', lp);
      fprintf(lp, "%s    %s %s    PAGE %d:  %s\n\n",
                   fnp, date, time, pn, title);
      ln = 2;
}

PAGE (PRINT FILE)
prt (fnp, lp)
char fnp[];
FILE *lp;
{
      FILE *inp_file;
      int i, j, col;
      char line [256], *st, *et, *sp;

      inp_file = fopen(fnp, "r");
      if (!inp_file)
      {
            fprintf(stderr, "pr: unable to open %s\n", fnp);
            return;
      }
      else
            fprintf(stderr, "pr: printing %s\n", fnp);

      pn = 0;
      ln = 999;
      gdates(date);          /* get date */
      gtimes(time);          /* and time */
      *title = '\0';

      while (fgets(line, 256, inp_file))
      {
            if (strncmp(line, "PAGE", 4) == 0)
            {
                  if (st = index(line, '('))
                  {
                        et = index(line, ')');
                        strncpy(title, st + 1, (et) ? et - st - 1 : 160);
                  }
                  ln = 999;
            }

            if (ln > page_length)
                  new_page(fnp, lp);

            if (page_offset)
                  indent(lp);

            for (col = (page_offset) ? page_offset : 1, sp = &line[0];
                   *sp; sp++)
            {
                  switch (*sp)
                  {
                  case '\t':  /* tab character */
                        do
                        {
                              fputc(' ', lp);
                              col++;
                              if (col > page_width)
                              {
                                    fputc('\n', lp);
                                    col = (page_offset) ? page_offset : 1;
                                    ln++;
                                    if (ln > page_length)
                                          new_page(fnp, lp);
                                    if (page_offset)
                                          indent(lp);
                                    break;
                              }
                        } while ((col - 1) % tab_width);
                        break;

                  case '\f':  /* form feed character */
                        new_page(fnp, lp);
                        break;

                  default:
                        fputc(*sp, lp);
                        ++col;
                        if (col > page_width)
                        {
                              fputc('\n', lp);
                              col = (page_offset) ? page_offset - 1 : 0;
                              ln++;
                              if (ln > page_length)
                                    new_page(fnp, lp);
                              if (page_offset)
                                    indent(lp);
                        }
                  }
            } /* of line print (for) */
            ++ln;
      } /* of while not eof */
      fclose(inp_file);
      fputc(014, lp);
} /* of print */

indent(lp)
FILE *lp;
{
      int i;

      for(i = 1; i < page_offset; i++)
            fputc(' ', lp);
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/wc.c�������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002644�07055334332�015061� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
   File wc.c - a sample word count program
   Written and submitted to public domain by Jay Elkes
   April, 1992
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
      FILE *infileptr;
      char infile[80];

      long int nl = 0;
      long int nc = 0;
      long int nw = 0;

      int state = 0;
      const int  NEWLINE = '\n';
      int  c;

/*  The program name itself is the first command line arguement so we
    ignore it (argv[0]) when showing user entered parameters. */

      switch (argc - 1)
      {
      case (0):
            printf("no parameters\n");
            return 12;
      case (1):
            break;
      default:
            printf("too many parameters\n");
            return 12;
      }

      strcpy(infile,argv[1]);

      infileptr = fopen(infile,"rb");
      if (infileptr == NULL)
      {
            printf("Cannot open %s\n",infile);
            return 12;
      }

      while ((c = getc(infileptr)) != EOF)
      {
            ++nc;
            if (c == NEWLINE)
                  ++nl;
            if (isspace(c))
                  state = 0;
            else if (state == 0)
            {
                  state = 1;
                  ++nw;
            }
      }

      /* Final Housekeeping */

      printf("%ld Lines, %ld Words, %ld Characters", nl, nw, nc);
      return 0;
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strucfil.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000012430�07055334270�016276� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*******************************************************************
 * Generic structure <> disk file manipulations. These functions
 * form a basic template for reading and writing structures to a 
 * sequential file. This template is probably most useful for files
 * with 500 or less records and eliminates the need for a more 
 * elaborate file handler such as C-Tree, DB-Vista, Mix etc.
 * Routines to put data in the struct is out of scope here.
 * Written by Lynn Nash 8/28/91 and donated to the public domain.
 */
#include <io.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
#ifndef ERROR
#define ERROR -1
#define OK     0
#endif
 
#ifndef TRUE
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE !TRUE
#endif

/* make sure the record structure is byte aligned */

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #pragma option -a-
#elif defined(__ZTC__)
 #pragma ZTC align 1
#else /* MSC/QC/WATCOM/METAWARE */
 #pragma pack(1)
#endif

static struct blackbook {
    int delete_flag;        /* 0 = active  -1 = deleted */
    int recordnum;          /* a sequential number in the file */
   /* The data fields in asciiz.  */
    char firstname[11];         
    char lastname[16];         
    char addr[26];          
    char city[16];
    char state[3];
    char zip[10];
    char phone[11];
} rec, oldrec;             /* 97 byte record  * 2 */

#pragma pack()
 
/*-------------------- general globals ---------------------*/

static long cur_rec = 0;      /* the current record number */
static FILE *fsptr = NULL;    /* fixed record data file pointer */
 
/* if file exists open in read/write mode else create file */

FILE * open_file(char *filename)
{
      if (access(filename, 0) == 0)
            fsptr = fopen(filename, "rb+"); 
      else  fsptr = fopen(filename, "wb+"); 
      return fsptr;                       /* return the file pointer */
} 
 
/* add new records to the data file */

int datadd(void)
{
      if (fsptr)
      {
            if (fseek(fsptr, 0L, SEEK_END) != 0)
                  return ERROR;  /* seek failure */
            rec.delete_flag = 0; /* active record tag */
            rec.recordnum = (int) (ftell(fsptr) / 
                  (long) sizeof(struct blackbook));
            if (fwrite(&rec, sizeof(struct blackbook), 1, fsptr) != 1)
            {
                  return ERROR; /* write error */
            }
            else
            {
                  /* put your clean up code here */ 
                  return OK;
            }
      }
      return ERROR;
}

/* tag the last record read in the file as deleted */

int data_delete(void)
{
      if (fsptr)
      {
            if (fseek(fsptr, (long) sizeof(struct blackbook) * -1L,
                  SEEK_CUR) != 0)
            {
                  return ERROR;
            }
            rec.delete_flag = -1;   /* tag the record as deleted */
            if (fwrite(&rec, sizeof(struct blackbook), 1, fsptr) != 1)
                  return ERROR;
            else  return OK;
      }
      return ERROR;
}

/* read a random structure. If successful the global cur_rec will 
 * contain the number of the last record read & it can be compared
 * to the number in the struct as a double check (belt & suspenders)
 */

int data_read(long recnum)
{
      if (fseek(fsptr, (long) sizeof(struct blackbook) * recnum,
            SEEK_SET) != 0)
      {
            return ERROR;
      }
      cur_rec = recnum; /* keep tabs on record pointer in global */  

      /* now read the record into save struct*/

      if (fread(&oldrec, sizeof(struct blackbook), 1, fsptr) != 1)
      {
            return ERROR;
      }
      else                          /* copy save struct to edit struct */
      {
            memcpy(&rec, &oldrec, sizeof(struct blackbook));
            return OK;
      }
}
 
/* rewrite the last read record back to disk */

int data_update(void)
{
      if (memcmp(&rec, &oldrec, sizeof(struct blackbook)) == 0)
            return TRUE;  /* no update needed */

      /* back up one record before writing */

      if (fseek(fsptr, (long) sizeof(struct blackbook) * -1L, 
            SEEK_CUR) != 0)
      {
            return ERROR; /* seek error */ 
      }

      /* now write the record */

      if (fwrite(&rec, sizeof(struct blackbook), 1, fsptr) != 1)
            return ERROR; /* write error */
      return OK;
}

/* get the next valid record in the file */

int read_forward(void)
{
      do
      {
            cur_rec++; /* upcount the record number */
            if (data_read(cur_rec) != 0)
            {
                  cur_rec--; /* decrement the record number */
                  return ERROR;
            }
      } while (oldrec.delete_flag != 0); /* record read was deleted */
      return OK;
}

/* get the previous valid record in the file */

int read_backward(void)
{
      do
      {
            cur_rec--;  /* decrement the record number */
            if (cur_rec >= 0)
            {
                  if ( data_read(cur_rec) != 0 )
                  {
                        cur_rec++; /* increment the record number */
                        return ERROR;
                  }
            }  
      } while (oldrec.delete_flag != 0); /* record read was deleted */
      return OK;
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rg_rand.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003765�07055334207�016072� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  longrand() -- generate 2**31-2 random numbers
**
**  public domain by Ray Gardner
** 
**  based on "Random Number Generators: Good Ones Are Hard to Find",
**  S.K. Park and K.W. Miller, Communications of the ACM 31:10 (Oct 1988),
**  and "Two Fast Implementations of the 'Minimal Standard' Random
**  Number Generator", David G. Carta, Comm. ACM 33, 1 (Jan 1990), p. 87-88
**
**  linear congruential generator f(z) = 16807 z mod (2 ** 31 - 1)
**
**  uses L. Schrage's method to avoid overflow problems
*/

#define a 16807         /* multiplier */
#define m 2147483647L   /* 2**31 - 1 */
#define q 127773L       /* m div a */
#define r 2836          /* m mod a */

long nextlongrand(long seed)
{
      unsigned long lo, hi;

      lo = a * (long)(seed & 0xFFFF);
      hi = a * (long)((unsigned long)seed >> 16);
      lo += (hi & 0x7FFF) << 16;
      if (lo > m)
      {
            lo &= m;
            ++lo;
      }
      lo += hi >> 15;
      if (lo > m)
      {
            lo &= m;
            ++lo;
      }
      return (long)lo;
}

static long randomnum = 1;

long longrand(void)                     /* return next random long */
{
      randomnum = nextlongrand(randomnum);
      return randomnum;
}

void slongrand(unsigned long seed)      /* to seed it */
{
      randomnum = seed ? (seed & m) : 1;  /* nonzero seed */
}


#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      long reps, k, num;
      unsigned long seed;

      reps = 10000;
      seed = 1;

      /*
      ** correctness test: after 10000 reps starting with seed 1,
      ** result should be 1043618065
      */
    
      if (argc > 1)
            reps = atol(argv[1]);
      if (argc > 2)
            seed = atol(argv[2]);

      printf("seed %ld for %ld reps...\n", seed, reps);
      slongrand(seed);
      for (k = 0; k < reps; ++k)
            num = longrand();
      printf("%ld\n", num);

      return 0;
}

#endif
�����������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rm_all.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000014121�07055334211�015703� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Remove all files and (optionally) subdirectories
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define LAST_CHAR(str) (str[strlen(str) - 1])
#define MAX_PATH 80

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include <dir.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #define FAR far
 #define find_1st(n,a,b) (findfirst((n),(b),(a)))
 #define find_nxt(b) (findnext(b))
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define name ff_name
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
#else
 #include <direct.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #define FAR _far
 #define find_1st(n,a,b) (_dos_findfirst((n),(a),(b)))
 #define find_nxt(b) (_dos_findnext(b))

 #ifndef FA_RDONLY
  #define FA_RDONLY _A_RDONLY
 #endif

 #ifndef FA_HIDDEN
  #define FA_HIDDEN _A_HIDDEN
 #endif

 #ifndef FA_SYSTEM
  #define FA_SYSTEM _A_SYSTEM
 #endif

 #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 700)) || (defined(__SC__))
  // Make FP_xxx macros lvalues as in older versions
  #undef FP_SEG
  #undef FP_OFF
  #define FP_SEG(fp)    ((unsigned)((unsigned long)(fp) >> 16))
  #define FP_OFF(fp)    ((unsigned)(fp && 0xffff))
 #endif

#endif

/* Select one of the following - remove() is ANSI       */

#define rmfunc remove
/* #define rmfunc unlink */

#define show(s) fputs((s), stderr)

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FALSE = 0, TRUE} LOGICAL;
LOGICAL recurse = FALSE, gobble = FALSE, ignore = FALSE;

char *mask = "*.*";

/*
**  Clean all files from a directory
*/

void clean_dir(char *path)
{
      char rmpath[MAX_PATH], *rmfile;
      struct find_t fbuf;
      unsigned attrib = (ignore) ? 0xff : 0;

      strcpy(rmpath, path);
      if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(rmpath))
            strcat(rmpath, "\\");
      rmfile = &rmpath[strlen(rmpath)];
      strcpy(rmfile, mask);
      if (0 == find_1st(rmpath, attrib, &fbuf)) do
      {
            strcpy(rmfile, fbuf.name);
            if (ignore)
            {
                  union REGS regs;
                  struct SREGS sregs;

                  regs.x.ax = 0x4300;
                  regs.x.dx = FP_OFF((char FAR *)rmpath);
                  segread(&sregs);
                  sregs.ds  = FP_SEG((char FAR *)rmpath);
                  intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);
                  if (!regs.x.cflag)
                  {
                        regs.x.ax  = 0x4301;
                        regs.x.cx &= ~(FA_RDONLY | FA_HIDDEN | FA_SYSTEM);
                        intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);
                        if (regs.x.cflag)
                              printf("unable to delete %s\n", rmpath);
                  }
            }
            rmfunc(rmpath);
            printf("deleting %s\n", rmpath);
      } while (0 == find_nxt(&fbuf));
}

/*
**  Process directories
*/

void do_dir(char *path)
{
      char search[MAX_PATH], new[MAX_PATH];
      struct find_t ff;

      strcpy(search, path);
      if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(search))
            strcat(search, "\\");
      strcat(search, "*.*");
      if (SUCCESS == find_1st(search, 0xff, &ff)) do
      {
            if (ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR && '.' != *ff.name)
            {
                  strcpy(new, path);
                  if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(new))
                        strcat(new, "\\");
                  strcat(new, ff.name);
                  do_dir(new);
            }
      } while (SUCCESS == find_nxt(&ff));
      clean_dir(path);
      if (gobble)
            rmdir(path);
}

/*
**  Tell 'em they messed up
*/

void usage(LOGICAL errstat)
{
      if (errstat)
            fputc('\a', stderr);
      show("Usage: RM_ALL directory [...directory] [-eFNAME.EXT] [-rgi?]\n");
      show("switches: -eFNAME.EXT  Remove only files matching mask "
            "(default is \"-e*.*\")\n");
      show("          -r           Recurse subdirectories\n");
      show("          -g           Gobble (delete) empty subdirectories\n");
      show("          -i           Ignore special file attributes "
            "(CAUTION!)\n");
      show("          -?           Display help (this message)\n");
      exit(errstat);
}

/*
**  RM_ALL - Deletes all files and (optionally) subdirectories
*/

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i, j;
      LOGICAL found_dir = FALSE;
      void (*clean_func)(char *) = clean_dir;

      for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)          /* Check for switches         */
      {
            if (NULL == strchr("-/", *argv[i]))
                  continue;               /* Assume it's a filename     */
            for (j = 1; argv[i][j] ; ++j) /* Traverse nested switches   */
            {
                  switch (toupper(argv[i][j]))
                  {
                  case 'R':
                        clean_func = do_dir;
                        break;

                  case 'G':
                        gobble = TRUE;
                        break;

                  case 'I':
                        ignore = TRUE;
                        break;

                  case '?':
                        puts("***help***");
                        usage(FALSE);
                        break;

                  case 'E':
                        if (0 == strlen(&argv[i][++j]))
                        {
                              puts("***no file***");
                              usage(ERROR);                 /* Oops     */
                        }
                        mask = strupr(&argv[i][j]);
                        j += strlen(&argv[i][j]) - 1; /* End of switch  */
                        break;

                  default:
                        puts("***default***");
                        usage(ERROR);
                  }
            }
      }
      for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)          /* Scan filenames             */
      {
            if (strchr("/-", *argv[i]))
                  continue;
            found_dir = TRUE;
            clean_func(argv[i]);
      }
      if (!found_dir)
      {
            puts("***not found***");
            usage(TRUE);
      }
      else  return 0;
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bmhisrch.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006111�07055333655�016247� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Case-Insensitive Boyer-Moore-Horspool pattern match
**
**  Public Domain version by Thad Smith 7/21/1992,
**  based on a 7/92 public domain BMH version by Raymond Gardner.
**
**  This program is written in ANSI C and inherits the compilers
**  ability (or lack thereof) to support non-"C" locales by use of
**  toupper() and tolower() to perform case conversions.
**  Limitation: pattern length + string length must be less than 32767.
**
**  10/21/93 rdg  Fixed bugs found by Jeff Dunlop
*/

#include <limits.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

typedef unsigned char uchar;

#define LARGE 32767             /* flag for last character match    */

static int patlen;              /* # chars in pattern               */
static int skip[UCHAR_MAX+1];   /* skip-ahead count for test chars  */
static int skip2;               /* skip-ahead after non-match with
                                ** matching final character         */
static uchar *pat = NULL;       /* uppercase copy of pattern        */

/*
** bmhi_init() is called prior to bmhi_search() to calculate the
** skip array for the given pattern.
** Error: exit(1) is called if no memory is available.
*/

void bmhi_init(const char *pattern)
{
      int i, lastpatchar;
      patlen = strlen(pattern);

      /* Make uppercase copy of pattern */

      pat = realloc ((void*)pat, patlen);
      if (!pat)
            exit(1);
      for (i=0; i < patlen; i++)
            pat[i] = toupper(pattern[i]);

      /* initialize skip array */

      for ( i = 0; i <= UCHAR_MAX; ++i )                    /* rdg 10/93 */
            skip[i] = patlen;
      for ( i = 0; i < patlen - 1; ++i )
      {
            skip[        pat[i] ] = patlen - i - 1;
            skip[tolower(pat[i])] = patlen - i - 1;
      }
      lastpatchar = pat[patlen - 1];
      skip[        lastpatchar ] = LARGE;
      skip[tolower(lastpatchar)] = LARGE;
      skip2 = patlen;                     /* Horspool's fixed second shift */
      for (i = 0; i < patlen - 1; ++i)
      {
            if ( pat[i] == lastpatchar )
                  skip2 = patlen - i - 1;
      }
}

char *bmhi_search(const char *string, const int stringlen)
{
      int i, j;
      char *s;

      i = patlen - 1 - stringlen;
      if (i >= 0)
            return NULL;
      string += stringlen;
      for ( ;; )
      {
            while ( (i += skip[((uchar *)string)[i]]) < 0 )
                  ;                           /* mighty fast inner loop */
            if (i < (LARGE - stringlen))
                  return NULL;
            i -= LARGE;
            j = patlen - 1;
            s = (char *)string + (i - j);
            while ( --j >= 0 && toupper(s[j]) == pat[j] )
                  ;
            if ( j < 0 )                                    /* rdg 10/93 */
                  return s;                                 /* rdg 10/93 */
            if ( (i += skip2) >= 0 )                        /* rdg 10/93 */
                  return NULL;                              /* rdg 10/93 */
      }
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fln_fix.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007761�07055333761�016107� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FLN_FIX.C
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <io.h>

#define LAST_CHAR(string) (((char *)string)[strlen(string)-1])

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

char *unix2dos(char *path);

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*  Function to `crunch' dot directories and check for          */
/*  DOS-valid path strings. Drive specifiers in the path        */
/*  ignored.                                                    */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

char *fln_fix(char *path)
{
      LOGICAL dir_flag = FALSE, root_flag = FALSE;
      char *r, *p, *q, *s;

      if (path)
            strupr(path);

      /* Ignore leading drive specs   */

      if (NULL == (r = strrchr(path, ':')))
            r = path;
      else  ++r;

      unix2dos(r);                      /* Convert Unix to DOS style    */

      while ('\\' == *r)                /* Ignore leading backslashes   */
      {
            if ('\\' == r[1])
                  strcpy(r, &r[1]);
            else
            {
                  root_flag = TRUE;
                  ++r;
            }
      }

      p = r;                            /* Change "\\" to "\"           */
      while (NULL != (p = strchr(p, '\\')))
      {
            if ('\\' ==  p[1])
                  strcpy(p, &p[1]);
            else  ++p;
      }

      while ('.' == *r)                 /* Scrunch leading ".\"         */
      {
            if ('.' == r[1])
            {
                  /* Ignore leading ".."                                */

                  for (p = (r += 2); *p && (*p != '\\'); ++p)
                        ;
            }
            else
            {
                  for (p = r + 1 ;*p && (*p != '\\'); ++p)
                        ;
            }
            strcpy(r, p + ((*p) ? 1 : 0));
      }

      while ('\\' == LAST_CHAR(path))   /* Strip trailing backslash     */
      {
            dir_flag = TRUE;
            LAST_CHAR(path) = '\0';
      }

      s = r;

      /* Look for "\." in path        */

      while (NULL != (p = strstr(s, "\\.")))
      {
            if ('.' == p[2])
            {
                  /* Execute this section if ".." found                 */

                  q = p - 1;
                  while (q > r)           /* Backup one level           */
                  {
                        if (*q == '\\')
                              break;
                        --q;
                  }
                  if (q > r)
                  {
                        strcpy(q, p + 3);
                        s = q;
                  }
                  else if ('.' != *q)
                  {
                        strcpy(q + ((*q == '\\') ? 1 : 0),
                              p + 3 + ((*(p + 3)) ? 1 : 0));
                        s = q;
                  }
                  else  s = ++p;

            }
            else
            {
                  /* Execute this section if "." found                  */

                  q = p + 2;
                  for ( ;*q && (*q != '\\'); ++q)
                        ;
                  strcpy (p, q);
            }
      }

      if (root_flag)  /* Embedded ".." could have bubbled up to root  */
      {
            for (p = r; *p && ('.' == *p || '\\' == *p); ++p)
                  ;
            if (r != p)
                  strcpy(r, p);
      }

      if (dir_flag)
            strcat(path, "\\");
      return path;
}
���������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/scanfrac.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007700�07055334216�016227� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* function scanfrac - scan an input string for a numeric value.
**
** Written in ANSI C and contributed to the public domain by
** Thad Smith III, Boulder, CO.     August 5, 1991
*/

/*******************************************************************
** scanfrac() scans an input string for a numeric value, which can
** be specified as:
**  1. an integer,               5
**  2. a floating point value,   5.1
**  3. a fraction, or            3/4
**  4. a mixed fraction.         5 3/4  or  5-3/4
**
** Conditions:
**  1. Preceeding whitespace is allowed.
**  2. The input number may be signed.
**  3. The fractional part of a mixed fraction (but not pure fraction)
**     must be less than 1.
**  4. The numerator and denominator of a fraction or mixed fraction
**     must be less than 2^31.
**
** Parameters:
**  1. Input buffer containing value.
**  2. Pointer to double to receive return value.
**
** Return status:
**  0 = OK, value returned in f,
**  1 = bad input format,
**  2 = can't allocate memory
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

int scanfrac (const char buf[], double *f)
{
      char *tbuf = malloc (strlen(buf) +2);   /* input + terminator     */
      static char term[] = "\a";              /* terminator flag        */
      char t1,t2,t3;                          /* separator chars        */
      char sign;                              /* possible sign          */
      int nc;                                 /* # conversions          */
      long int b,c;                           /* 2nd & 3rd inputs       */

      if (!tbuf)                          /* couldn't allocate memory   */
            return 2;

      /* Copy the input to a temporary buffer and append a terminator
      ** character.  This terminator is used to determine whether the
      ** scanning of the input field by sscanf() was terminated by end
      ** of input or by an invalid character.  If terminated properly,
      ** the terminator character picked up in t1, t2, or t3.
      */

      strcat (strcpy(tbuf, buf), term);       /* input + term flag      */
      nc = sscanf (tbuf, " %lf%c %ld %c %ld %c",
                           f,&t1,&b,&t2,&c,&t3);
      free (tbuf);

      switch (nc)                   /* number of sscanf() conversions   */
      {
      case 2:         /* single floating value: a */
            if (t1 == *term) return 0;
            break;
      case 4:         /* pure fraction: a/b */
            if (t1 == '/' && t2 == *term && fmod (*f,1.0) == 0.0 && b > 0)
            {
                  *f /= b;
                  return 0;
            }
            break;
      case 6:         /* mixed fraction: a b/c  or  a-b/c */
            if ((t1 == ' ' || t1 == '-') && t2 == '/' && t3 == *term &&
                  fmod (*f,1.0) == 0.0 && b >= 0 && c > b)
            {
                  /* get first non-blank character so that
                  ** -0 b/c will be neg
                  */

#ifdef __ZTC__  /* fix for missing const in sscanf() declaration */
                  sscanf ((char*)buf, " %c", &sign);
#else
                  sscanf (buf, " %c", &sign);
#endif
                  if (sign == '-')
                        *f -= (double)b/c;
                  else  *f += (double)b/c;
                  return 0;
            }
      }
      return 1;
}

/* This is a simple test driver.  It should be omitted before
** placing scanfrac() into a library.
*/

main ()
{
      char buf[80];
      double f;
      int stat;

      printf ("Enter 999. or generate EOF to stop\n");
      do
      {
            printf ("Enter value: ");
            if (! gets (buf))
            {
                  printf ("EOF detected. Aborting.\n");
                  return 1;
            }
            stat = scanfrac (buf, &f);
            printf ("\nStat = %d, value = %f\n", stat, f);
      } while ( f != 999.);
      return 0;
}
����������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bincomp.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000010231�07055333651�016071� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** BINCOMP -- binary compare
** by Raymond Gardner -- Englewood CO -- 8/92 -- public domain
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#ifndef min
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#endif
#define bufsize             8
#define empty_legend        " .."

unsigned char f1buf[bufsize+1], f2buf[bufsize+1];
long prevn;

void putempty(unsigned n)
{
      while (n--)
            printf(empty_legend);
}

void putbl(unsigned n)
{
      while (n--)
            printf(" ");
}

void showbufs(long n, unsigned m, unsigned char *b1, unsigned char *b2)
{
      unsigned i;

      if (n != prevn + bufsize)
            printf("\n");
      prevn = n;
      printf("%08lX ", n);

      if (b1 && b2)
      {
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
                  printf(" %02X", b1[i]);
            for (i = m; i < 8; i++)
                  printf("   ");
            putchar(' ');
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
            {
                  if (isprint(b1[i]))
                        putchar(b1[i]);
                  else  putchar(' ');
            }
            for (i = m; i < 8; i++)
                  putchar(' ');
            printf(" |");
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
            {
                  if (b1[i] != b2[i])
                        printf(" %02X", b2[i]);
                  else  printf(empty_legend);
            }
            for (i = m; i < 8; i++)
                  printf("   ");
            putchar(' ');
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
            {
                  if (b1[i] != b2[i] && isprint(b2[i]))
                        putchar(b2[i]);
                  else  putchar(' ');
            }
      }
      else if (b1)
      {
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
                  printf(" %02X", b1[i]);
            for (i = m; i < 8; i++)
                  printf("   ");
            putchar(' ');
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
            {
                  if (isprint(b1[i]))
                        putchar(b1[i]);
                  else  putchar(' ');
            }
            for (i = m; i < 8; i++)
                  putchar(' ');
            printf(" |");
      }
      else
      {
            putbl(33);
            printf(" |");
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
                  printf(" %02X", b2[i]);
            for (i = m; i < 8; i++)
                  printf("   ");
            putchar(' ');
            for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
            {
                  if (isprint(b2[i]))
                        putchar(b2[i]);
                  else  putchar(' ');
            }
      }
      printf("\n");
}

long fsize(FILE *fp)
{
      long pos, size;

      pos = ftell(fp);
      fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_END);
      size = ftell(fp);
      fseek(fp, pos, SEEK_SET);
      return size;
}

void bincomp(FILE *f1, FILE *f2)
{
      unsigned m;
      long f1len, f2len, k, n;

      prevn = -1;
      f1len = fsize(f1);
      f2len = fsize(f2);
      printf("%ld %ld\n", f1len, f2len);
      k = min(f1len, f2len);
      n = 0;
      while (n < k)
      {
            m = (unsigned)min(k - n, (long)bufsize);
            fread(f1buf, 1, m, f1);
            fread(f2buf, 1, m, f2);
            if (memcmp(f1buf, f2buf, m) != 0)
                  showbufs(n, m, f1buf, f2buf);
            n += m;
      }
      while (n < f1len)
      {
            m = (unsigned)min(f1len - n, (long)bufsize);
            fread(f1buf, 1, m, f1);
            showbufs(n, m, f1buf, NULL);
            n += m;
      }
      while (n < f2len)
      {
            m = (unsigned)min(f2len - n, (long)bufsize);
            fread(f2buf, 1, m, f2);
            showbufs(n, m, NULL, f2buf);
            n += m;
      }
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      FILE *f1, *f2;

      if (argc < 3)
      {
            puts("Usage: bincomp f1 f2");
            exit(0);
      }
      printf("%s vs. %s\n", argv[1], argv[2]);
      f1 = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
      f2 = fopen(argv[2], "rb");
      if (f1 && f2)
            bincomp(f1, f2);
      else  puts("can't open file(s)");
      return 0;
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/lbitops.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002316�07055334036�016121� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  large bit array operations by Scott Dudley
**  with modifications by Auke Reitsma and Bob Stout
**
**  Public domain
*/

#include <limits.h>

/*
**  The following macros assume CHAR_BIT is one of either 8, 16, or 32
*/

#define MASK  CHAR_BIT-1
#define SHIFT ((CHAR_BIT==8)?3:(CHAR_BIT==16)?4:8)

#define BitOff(a,x)  ((void)((a)[(x)>>SHIFT] &= ~(1 << ((x)&MASK))))
#define BitOn(a,x)   ((void)((a)[(x)>>SHIFT] |=  (1 << ((x)&MASK))))
#define BitFlip(a,x) ((void)((a)[(x)>>SHIFT] ^=  (1 << ((x)&MASK))))
#define IsBit(a,x)   ((a)[(x)>>SHIFT]        &   (1 << ((x)&MASK)))

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
      char array[64];

      memset(array, '\0', sizeof(array));

      BitOn(array, 5);
      BitOn(array, 12);
      BitOn(array, 500);

      if (IsBit(array, 5) && IsBit(array, 12) && IsBit(array, 500))
            puts("These functions seem to work!");
      else  puts("Something's broken here!");

      BitFlip(array, 12);
      BitOff(array, 5);

      if (!IsBit(array, 5) && !IsBit(array, 12) && IsBit(array, 500))
            puts("These functions still seem to work!");
      else  puts("Something's broken here!");
      return 0;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/center.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002466�07055333673�015741� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* public domain by Jerry Coffin.  Tested with MSC 7.0  */
/* written primarily for clarity, not speed...          */
/* requires w_wrap.c and w_wrap.h from snippets.        */


#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "w_wrap.h"

void center(FILE *file, char *string, size_t width)
{
      char *line,*end_line;
      size_t spaces;
      int last = 0;
      size_t len;

      word_wrap(string,width);
      line = string;
      while (!last)
      {
            end_line = strchr(line,'\n');
            if (NULL==end_line)
            {
                  last = 1;
                  end_line = strchr(line,'\0');
            }
            len = end_line - line;
            spaces = (width - len) / 2 ;
            fprintf(file,"\n%*c%*.*s",spaces,' ',len,len,line);
            line = end_line + 1;
      }
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(void)
{
      char *string = "This is a long string to see if it will be"
            " printed out correctly but I'm not sure whether it will work"
            " correctly or not.  I guess we'll see when we try it out.";

      printf("\nHere's the string centered in 50 columns.\n");
      center(stdout,string,50);
      printf("\n\nAnd here it's centered in 72 columns.\n");
      center(stdout,string,72);
}

#endif
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rand1.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000017105�07055334174�015457� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/************************************************************************
 This random number generator originally appeared in "Toward a Universal
 Random Number Generator" by George Marsaglia and Arif Zaman.
 Florida State University Report: FSU-SCRI-87-50 (1987)

 It was later modified by F. James and published in "A Review of Pseudo-
 random Number Generators"

 Converted from FORTRAN to C by Phil Linttell, James F. Hickling
 Management Consultants Ltd, Aug. 14, 1989.

 THIS IS THE BEST KNOWN RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR AVAILABLE.
       (However, a newly discovered technique can yield
         a period of 10^600. But that is still in the development stage.)

 It passes ALL of the tests for random number generators and has a period
   of 2^144, is completely portable (gives bit identical results on all
   machines with at least 24-bit mantissas in the floating point
   representation).

 The algorithm is a combination of a Fibonacci sequence (with lags of 97
   and 33, and operation "subtraction plus one, modulo one") and an
   "arithmetic sequence" (using subtraction).

 On a Vax 11/780, this random number generator can produce a number in
    13 microseconds.
************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>

#define TRUE    1
#define FALSE   0

float u[97], c, cd, cm;
int i97, j97, test;

int rmarin(int ij, int kl);
int ranmar(float rvec[], int len);


int main()
{

        float temp[100];
        int i;
        int ij, kl, len;

        /*These are the seeds needed to produce the test case results*/

        ij = 1802;
        kl = 9373;

        /*Do the initialization*/

        if (1 == rmarin(ij,kl))
                return 1;

        /*Generate 20000 random numbers*/

        len = 100;
        for ( i=0; i<=199 ; i++)
                if (1 == ranmar(temp, len))
                        return 1;
    
        /*If the random number generator is working properly,
          the next six random numbers should be:

            6533892.0  14220222.0   7275067.0
            6172232.0   8354498.0  10633180.0
        */

        len = 6;
        if (1 == ranmar(temp, len))
                return 1;

        for ( i=0; i<=5; i++)
                printf("%12.1f\n",4096.0*4096.0*temp[i]);

        return 0;
}


/************************************************************************
 This is the initialization routine for the random number generator RANMAR()
 NOTE: The seed variables can have values between:    0 <= IJ <= 31328
                                                      0 <= KL <= 30081
 The random number sequences created by these two seeds are of sufficient
 length to complete an entire calculation with. For example, if several
 different groups are working on different parts of the same calculation,
 each group could be assigned its own IJ seed. This would leave each group
 with 30000 choices for the second seed. That is to say, this random
 number generator can create 900 million different subsequences -- with
 each subsequence having a length of approximately 10^30.

 Use IJ = 1802 & KL = 9373 to test the random number generator. The
 subroutine RANMAR should be used to generate 20000 random numbers.
 Then display the next six random numbers generated multiplied by 4096*4096
 If the random number generator is working properly, the random numbers
 should be:
           6533892.0  14220222.0   7275067.0
           6172232.0   8354498.0  10633180.0
************************************************************************/

int rmarin(int ij, int kl)
{

        float s, t;
        int i, j, k, l, m;
        int ii, jj;

        /* Change FALSE to TRUE in the next statement to test the
           random routine.*/

        test = TRUE;

        if ( ( ij < 0 || ij > 31328 ) ||
                ( kl < 0 || kl > 30081 ) )
        {
                printf ("RMARIN: The first random number seed must have a "
                        "value between 0 and 31328\n");
                printf ("        The second random number seed must have a "
                        "value between 0 and 30081");
                return 1;
        }

        i = (int)fmod(ij/177.0, 177.0) + 2;
        j = (int)fmod(ij      , 177.0) + 2;
        k = (int)fmod(kl/169.0, 178.0) + 1;
        l = (int)fmod(kl      , 169.0);

        for ( ii=0; ii<=96; ii++ )
        {
                s = (float)0.0;
                t = (float)0.5;
                for ( jj=0; jj<=23; jj++ )
                {
                        m = (int)fmod( fmod(i*j,179.0)*k , 179.0 );
                        i = j;
                        j = k;
                        k = m;
                        l = (int)fmod( 53.0*l+1.0 , 169.0 );
                        if ( fmod(l*m,64.0) >= 32)
                                s = s + t;
                        t = (float)(0.5 * t);
                }
                u[ii] = s;
        }

        c  = (float)(  362436.0 / 16777216.0);
        cd = (float)( 7654321.0 / 16777216.0);
        cm = (float)(16777213.0 / 16777216.0);

        i97 = 96;
        j97 = 32;

        test = TRUE;

        return 0;
}

int ranmar(float rvec[], int len)
{
        float uni;
        int ivec;

        if ( !test )
        {
                printf ("RANMAR: Call the initialization routine (RMARIN) "
                        "before calling RANMAR.\n");
                return 1;
        }

        for ( ivec=0; ivec < len; ivec++)
        {
                uni = u[i97] - u[j97];
                if ( uni < 0.0F )
                        uni = uni + 1.0;
                u[i97] = uni;
                i97--;
                if ( i97 < 0 )
                        i97 = 96;
                j97--;
                if ( j97 < 0 )
                        j97 = 96;
                c = c - cd;
                if ( c < 0.0F )
                        c = c + cm;
                uni = uni - c;
                if ( uni < 0.0F )
                        uni = uni + 1.0;
                rvec[ivec] = uni;
        }
        return 0;
}

/* I use the following procedure in TC to generate seeds:

  The sow() procedure calculates two seeds for use with the random number
  generator from the system clock.  I decided how to do this myself, and
  I am sure that there must be better ways to select seeds; hopefully,
  however, this is good enough.  The first seed is calculated from the values
  for second, minute, hour, and year-day; weighted with the second most
  significant and year-day least significant.  The second seed weights the
  values in reverse.
*/

void sow( seed1, seed2 )
int *seed1, *seed2;
{
        struct tm *tm_now;
        float s_sig, s_insig, maxs_sig, maxs_insig;
        long secs_now;
        int s, m, h, d, s1, s2;

        time(&secs_now);
        tm_now = localtime(&secs_now);

        s = tm_now->tm_sec + 1;
        m = tm_now->tm_min + 1;
        h = tm_now->tm_hour + 1;
        d = tm_now->tm_yday + 1;

        maxs_sig   = (float)(60.0 + 60.0/60.0 + 24.0/60.0/60.0 +
              366.0/24.0/60.0/60.0);
        maxs_insig = (float)(60.0 + 60.0*60.0 + 24.0*60.0*60.0 +
              366.0*24.0*60.0*60.0);

        s_sig      = (float)(s + m/60.0 + h/60.0/60.0 + d/24.0/60.0/60.0);
        s_insig    = (float)(s + m*60.0 + h*60.0*60.0 + d*24.0*60.0*60.0);

        s1 = (int)(s_sig   / maxs_sig   * 31328.0);
        s2 = (int)(s_insig / maxs_insig * 30081.0);

        *seed1 = s1;
        *seed2 = s2;
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rand2.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002431�07055334175�015455� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/********************************************************************
          The McGill Super-Duper Random Number Generator
             G. Marsaglia, K. Ananthanarayana, N. Paul
  
    Incorporating the Ziggurat method of sampling from decreasing
              or symmetric unimodal density functions.
                      G. Marsaglia, W.W. Tsang
  
                 Rewritten into C by E. Schneider
 *********************************************************************/
  
static unsigned long mcgn, srgn;
  
#define MULT 69069L
  
void rstart (long i1, long i2)
{
      mcgn = (unsigned long)((i1 == 0L) ? 0L : i1 | 1L);
      srgn = (unsigned long)((i2 == 0L) ? 0L : (i2 & 0x7FFL) | 1L);
}
  
long uni(void)
{
      unsigned long r0, r1;

      r0 = (srgn >> 15);
      r1 = srgn ^ r0;
      r0 = (r1 << 17);
      srgn = r0 ^ r1;
      mcgn = MULT * mcgn;
      r1 = mcgn ^ srgn;
      return (r1 >> 1);
}
  
long vni(void)
{
      unsigned long r0, r1;

      r0 = (srgn >> 15);
      r1 = srgn ^ r0;
      r0 = (r1 << 17);
      srgn = r0 ^ r1;
      mcgn = MULT * mcgn;
      r1 = mcgn ^ srgn;
      return r1;
}

/* 
"Anyone who consider arithmetic means of producing random number is,
 of course, in a state of sin" - John Von Neumann
*/
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/biport.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000513�07055333651�015743� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  BIPORT.C - Port TC/TC++/BC++ code using register pseudovariables
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include "biport.h"

union  REGS  BIP_regs_;
struct SREGS BIP_sregs_;

unsigned _pascal geninterrupt(int int_no)
{
      int86x(int_no, &BIP_regs_, &BIP_regs_, &BIP_sregs_);
      return BIP_regs_.x.ax;
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/biport.h���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001515�07055333651�015753� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  BIPORT.H - Port TC/TC++/BC++ code using register pseudovariables
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include <dos.h>

extern union  REGS  BIP_regs_;
extern struct SREGS BIP_sregs_;

#define _AX BIP_regs_.x.ax
#define _BX BIP_regs_.x.bx
#define _CX BIP_regs_.x.cx
#define _DX BIP_regs_.x.dx
#define _AH BIP_regs_.h.ah
#define _AL BIP_regs_.h.al
#define _BH BIP_regs_.h.ah
#define _BL BIP_regs_.h.al
#define _CH BIP_regs_.h.ah
#define _CL BIP_regs_.h.al
#define _DH BIP_regs_.h.ah
#define _DL BIP_regs_.h.al
#define _SI BIP_regs_.x.si
#define _DI BIP_regs_.x.di
#define _CF BIP_regs_.x.cflag
#define _FF BIP_regs_.x.flags
#define _ES BIP_sregs_.es
#define _CS BIP_sregs_.cs
#define _SS BIP_sregs_.ss
#define _DS BIP_sregs_.ds
#define regload_() segread(&BIP_sregs_)

unsigned _pascal geninterrupt(int);
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fcompare.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002535�07055333755�016253� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FCOMPARE.C - Compare 2 files
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

enum {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FAIL};

#define BUFSIZE 16384
static char buf[2][BUFSIZE];

int fcompare(const char *fname1, const char *fname2)
{
      FILE *f1, *f2;
      int retval = SUCCESS;

      if (NULL == (f1 = fopen(fname1, "rb")))
            return ERROR;
      if (NULL != (f2 = fopen(fname2, "rb")))
      {
            size_t size1, size2;

            do
            {
                  size1 = fread(buf[0], 1, BUFSIZE, f1);
                  size2 = fread(buf[1], 1, BUFSIZE, f2);
                  if (0 == (size1 | size2))
                        break;
                  if ((size1 != size2) || memcmp(buf[0], buf[1], size1))
                  {
                        retval = FAIL;
                        break;
                  }
            } while (size1 && size2);
            fclose(f2);
      }
      else  retval = ERROR;
      fclose(f1);
      return retval;
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      if (3 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: FCOMPARE file1 file2");
            return 1;
      }
      printf("fcompare(%s, %s) returned %d\n", argv[1], argv[2],
            fcompare(argv[1], argv[2]));
}

#endif /* TEST */
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pfopen.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003300�07055334136�015727� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 *  Written and released to the public domain by David Engel.
 *
 *  This function attempts to open a file which may be in any of
 *  several directories.  It is particularly useful for opening
 *  configuration files.  For example, PROG.EXE can easily open
 *  PROG.CFG (which is kept in the same directory) by executing:
 *
 *      cfg_file = pfopen("PROG.CFG", "r", getenv("PATH"));
 *
 *  NULL is returned if the file can't be opened.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef unix
 #define SEP_CHARS ":"
#else
 #define SEP_CHARS ";"
#endif

FILE *pfopen(const char *name, const char *mode, const char *dirs)
{
    char *ptr;
    char *tdirs;
    FILE *file = NULL;

    if (dirs == NULL || dirs[0] == '\0')
        return NULL;

    if ((tdirs = malloc(strlen(dirs)+1)) == NULL)
        return NULL;

    strcpy(tdirs, dirs);

    for (ptr = strtok(tdirs, SEP_CHARS); file == NULL && ptr != NULL;
        ptr = strtok(NULL, SEP_CHARS))
    {
        size_t len;
        char work[FILENAME_MAX];

        strcpy(work, ptr);
        len = strlen(work);
        if (len && work[len-1] != '/' && work[len-1] != '\\')
            strcat(work, "/");
        strcat(work, name);

        file = fopen(work, mode);
    }

    free(tdirs);

    return file;
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    FILE *file;

    if (argc != 4)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: pfopen name mode dirs\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    file = pfopen(argv[1], argv[2], argv[3]);

    printf("%s \"%s\" with mode \"%s\"\n", (file == NULL) ?
        "Could not open" : "Opened", argv[1], argv[2]);

    return 0;
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/noreset.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005544�07055334126�016132� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* code to disable <Ctrl><Alt><Del>.                                */
/* Compiled and tested under TC++ and MSC 6                         */

#include <dos.h>
#include <conio.h>

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define _interrupt interrupt
 #define _far far
#else                              /* i.e. if MSC                   */
 #define inportb(port) inp(port)
 #define outportb(port,val) outp(port,val)
 #define enable() _enable()
 #define disable() _disable()
 #define getvect(int) _dos_getvect(int)
 #define setvect(int,ptr) _dos_setvect(int,ptr)
 unsigned char peekb(unsigned seg, unsigned ofs)
 {
         unsigned char far *ptr;

         FP_SEG(ptr) = seg;
         FP_OFF(ptr) = ofs;
         return *ptr;
 }
#endif

#define CTRLALT        (0x08|0x04) /* bit flags set in kbstat()     */
#define DELSCAN        0x53        /* keyboard scan code for <Del>  */
#define KEYPORT        0x60        /* keyboard scan code port       */
#define CONTROLLERPORT 0x20        /* interrupt controller port     */
#define kbstat()       peekb(0,0x417)  /* BIOS data area - kb flags */

#define keyport()      inportb(KEYPORT)
        /* macro that returns the scancode of the key that caused   */
        /* the interrupt                                            */

#define install()      (oldkbisr=getvect(0x09),setvect(0x09,newkbisr))
        /* installation macro, installs newkbisr() in the keyboard  */
        /* interrupt chain                                          */

#define uninstall()       setvect(0x09,oldkbisr)
        /* removal macro, call to remove newkbisr() from interrupt  */
        /* chain.  oldkbisr()  must be removed before program ends  */

void (_interrupt _far * oldkbisr)(void);
        /* address of old keyboard ISR                              */

void _interrupt _far newkbisr(void)
{
   if((keyport()==DELSCAN)&&((kbstat()&CTRLALT)==CTRLALT))
   {
       char kbin = (char)inportb(KEYPORT+1);      /* reset keyboard */

       outportb(KEYPORT+1, kbin|0x80);
       outportb(KEYPORT+1, kbin);
       disable();
       outportb(CONTROLLERPORT,0x20); /* tell controller to shut up */
       enable();
   }
   else
       oldkbisr();  /* chain to old keyboard isr */
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>

void main(void)
{
      int ch = 0;
      void cleanup(void), cbrk(int);

      install();
      atexit(cleanup);

      signal(SIGINT, cbrk);

      puts("This is a test of Ctrl-Alt-Del disabling.");
      puts("Press any key, but only Esc should stop this program.");

      while (0x1b != ch)
      {
            if (kbhit)
                  ch = getch();
      }
}

void cbrk(int sig)
{
      signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
      signal(SIGINT, cbrk);
}

void cleanup(void)
{
      uninstall();
}

#endif
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strftime.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000023407�07055334265�016312� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/**
 *
 * strftime.c
 *
 * implements the ansi c function strftime()
 *
 * written 6 september 1989 by jim nutt
 * released into the public domain by jim nutt
 *
 * modified 21-Oct-89 by Rob Duff
 *
**/

#include <stddef.h>     /* for size_t */
#include <stdarg.h>     /* for va_arg */
#include <time.h>       /* for struct tm */

/*
** The following line should be appended to TIME.H.
** Also copy size_t define from STRING.H.
*/

size_t strftime(char *s, size_t maxs, const char *f, const struct tm *t);

static char *aday[] = {
    "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"
};

static char *day[] = {
    "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
    "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"
};

static char *amonth[] = {
    "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
    "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"
};

static char *month[] = {
    "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
    "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
};

extern char *tzname[2];
static char buf[26];

static void strfmt(char *str, const char *fmt, ...);

/**
 *
 * size_t strftime(char *str,
 *                 size_t maxs,
 *                 const char *fmt,
 *                 const struct tm *t)
 *
 *      this functions acts much like a sprintf for time/date output.
 *      given a pointer to an output buffer, a format string and a
 *      time, it copies the time to the output buffer formatted in
 *      accordance with the format string.  the parameters are used
 *      as follows:
 *
 *          str is a pointer to the output buffer, there should
 *          be at least maxs characters available at the address
 *          pointed to by str.
 *
 *          maxs is the maximum number of characters to be copied
 *          into the output buffer, included the '\0' terminator
 *
 *          fmt is the format string.  a percent sign (%) is used
 *          to indicate that the following character is a special
 *          format character.  the following are valid format
 *          characters:
 *
 *              %A      full weekday name (Monday)
 *              %a      abbreviated weekday name (Mon)
 *              %B      full month name (January)
 *              %b      abbreviated month name (Jan)
 *              %c      standard date and time representation
 *              %d      day-of-month (01-31)
 *              %H      hour (24 hour clock) (00-23)
 *              %I      hour (12 hour clock) (01-12)
 *              %j      day-of-year (001-366)
 *              %M      minute (00-59)
 *              %m      month (01-12)
 *              %p      local equivalent of AM or PM
 *              %S      second (00-59)
 *              %U      week-of-year, first day sunday (00-53)
 *              %W      week-of-year, first day monday (00-53)
 *              %w      weekday (0-6, sunday is 0)
 *              %X      standard time representation
 *              %x      standard date representation
 *              %Y      year with century
 *              %y      year without century (00-99)
 *              %Z      timezone name
 *              %%      percent sign
 *
 *      the standard date string is equivalent to:
 *
 *          %a %b %d %Y
 *
 *      the standard time string is equivalent to:
 *
 *          %H:%M:%S
 *
 *      the standard date and time string is equivalent to:
 *
 *          %a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y
 *
 *      strftime returns the number of characters placed in the
 *      buffer, not including the terminating \0, or zero if more
 *      than maxs characters were produced.
 *
**/

size_t strftime(char *s, size_t maxs, const char *f, const struct tm *t)
{
      int w;
      char *p, *q, *r;

      p = s;
      q = s + maxs - 1;
      while ((*f != '\0'))
      {
            if (*f++ == '%')
            {
                  r = buf;
                  switch (*f++)
                  {
                  case '%' :
                        r = "%";
                        break;

                  case 'a' :
                        r = aday[t->tm_wday];
                        break;

                  case 'A' :
                        r = day[t->tm_wday];
                        break;

                  case 'b' :
                        r = amonth[t->tm_mon];
                        break;

                  case 'B' :
                        r = month[t->tm_mon];
                        break;

                  case 'c' :
                        strfmt(r, "%0 %0 %2 %2:%2:%2 %4",
                              aday[t->tm_wday], amonth[t->tm_mon],
                              t->tm_mday,t->tm_hour, t->tm_min,
                              t->tm_sec, t->tm_year+1900);
                        break;

                  case 'd' :
                        strfmt(r,"%2",t->tm_mday);
                        break;

                  case 'H' :
                        strfmt(r,"%2",t->tm_hour);
                        break;

                  case 'I' :
                        strfmt(r,"%2",(t->tm_hour%12)?t->tm_hour%12:12);
                        break;

                  case 'j' :
                        strfmt(r,"%3",t->tm_yday+1);
                        break;

                  case 'm' :
                        strfmt(r,"%2",t->tm_mon+1);
                        break;

                  case 'M' :
                        strfmt(r,"%2",t->tm_min);
                        break;

                  case 'p' :
                        r = (t->tm_hour>11)?"PM":"AM";
                        break;

                  case 'S' :
                        strfmt(r,"%2",t->tm_sec);
                        break;

                  case 'U' :
                        w = t->tm_yday/7;
                        if (t->tm_yday%7 > t->tm_wday)
                              w++;
                        strfmt(r, "%2", w);
                        break;

                  case 'W' :
                        w = t->tm_yday/7;
                        if (t->tm_yday%7 > (t->tm_wday+6)%7)
                              w++;
                        strfmt(r, "%2", w);
                        break;

                  case 'w' :
                        strfmt(r,"%1",t->tm_wday);
                        break;

                  case 'x' :
                        strfmt(r, "%3s %3s %2 %4", aday[t->tm_wday],
                              amonth[t->tm_mon], t->tm_mday, t->tm_year+1900);
                        break;

                  case 'X' :
                        strfmt(r, "%2:%2:%2", t->tm_hour,
                              t->tm_min, t->tm_sec);
                        break;

                  case 'y' :
                        strfmt(r,"%2",t->tm_year%100);
                        break;

                  case 'Y' :
                        strfmt(r,"%4",t->tm_year+1900);
                        break;

                  case 'Z' :
                        r = (t->tm_isdst && tzname[1][0])?tzname[1]:tzname[0];
                        break;

                  default:
                        buf[0] = '%';     /* reconstruct the format */
                        buf[1] = f[-1];
                        buf[2] = '\0';
                        if (buf[1] == 0)
                              f--;        /* back up if at end of string */
                  }
                  while (*r)
                  {
                        if (p == q)
                        {
                              *q = '\0';
                              return 0;
                        }
                        *p++ = *r++;
                  }
            }
            else
            {
                  if (p == q)
                  {
                        *q = '\0';
                        return 0;
                  }
                  *p++ = f[-1];
            }
      }
      *p = '\0';
      return p - s;
}

/*
 *  stdarg.h
 *
typedef void *va_list;
#define va_start(vp,v) (vp=((char*)&v)+sizeof(v))
#define va_arg(vp,t) (*((t*)(vp))++)
#define va_end(vp)
 *
 */

static int pow[5] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 };

/**
 * static void strfmt(char *str, char *fmt);
 *
 * simple sprintf for strftime
 *
 * each format descriptor is of the form %n
 * where n goes from zero to four
 *
 * 0    -- string %s
 * 1..4 -- int %?.?d
 *
**/

static void strfmt(char *str, const char *fmt, ...)
{
      int ival, ilen;
      char *sval;
      va_list vp;

      va_start(vp, fmt);
      while (*fmt)
      {
            if (*fmt++ == '%')
            {
                  ilen = *fmt++ - '0';
                  if (ilen == 0)                /* zero means string arg */
                  {
                        sval = va_arg(vp, char*);
                        while (*sval)
                              *str++ = *sval++;
                  }
                  else                          /* always leading zeros */
                  {
                        ival = va_arg(vp, int);
                        while (ilen)
                        {
                              ival %= pow[ilen--];
                              *str++ = (char)('0' + ival / pow[ilen]);
                        }
                  }
            }
            else  *str++ = fmt[-1];
      }
      *str = '\0';
      va_end(vp);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>      /* for printf */
#include <time.h>       /* for strftime */

char test[80];

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int len;
      char *fmt;
      time_t now;

      time(&now);

      fmt = (argc == 1) ? "%I:%M %p\n%c\n" : argv[1];
      len = strftime(test,sizeof test, fmt, localtime(&now));
      printf("%d: %s\n", len, test);
      return !len;
}

#endif /* TEST */
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/addhndls.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006154�07055333634�016235� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  ADDHNDLS.C
**
**  A compilation of public domain sources originally written by
**  Doug Burger and Bob Jarvis
**
**  Collected and modified for Zortech, Microsoft, and Borland by Bob Stout
**
**  Demonstrates relocating the file handle table under DOS 3.x
**  for having more than the usual 20 files open in a single
**  program
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define TABLE_SIZE 255        /* NOTE: *Must* be <= FILES in CONFIG.SYS */

#ifdef TEST
 #if !defined(__ZTC__) && !defined(__TURBOC__)  /* i.e. #if MSC/QC      */
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
         ((void far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))

  /* MSC's open() is funny - this code only works with _dos_open()      */

  int open(const char *name, int mode, ...)
  {
          int hdl;

          if (0 == _dos_open(name, mode, &hdl))
                  return hdl;
          else    return -1;
  }
 #endif /* MSC */
#endif /* TEST */

unsigned char handle_table[TABLE_SIZE];     /* table of file DOS handles    */
unsigned char far * far * handle_ptr;       /* ptr to DOS's ptr to hand.    */
unsigned int far *handle_count;             /* ptr to handle count          */

int relocate(void)
{
    switch (_osmajor)
    {
    case 2:
        return -1;
    case 3:
        if (3 > _osminor)
        {                                       /* by Doug Burger           */
            unsigned int i;

            handle_count = MK_FP(_psp, 0x32);   /* handle count at PSP:32h  */
            handle_ptr = MK_FP(_psp, 0x34);     /* table ptr at PSP:34h     */
            for (i = 0; i < *handle_count; i++) /* relocate exiting table   */
                handle_table[i] = (*handle_ptr)[i];
            for (i = *handle_count; i < TABLE_SIZE; i++)    /* init. rest   */
                handle_table[i] = 255;
            *handle_ptr = handle_table;         /* set pointer to new table */
            *handle_count = TABLE_SIZE;         /* set new table size       */
            return 0;
        }
        else
    default:                                    /* DOS 4+                   */
        {                                       /* by Bob Jarvis            */
            union REGS regs;

            regs.h.ah = 0x67;
            regs.x.bx = TABLE_SIZE | 1;         /* has to be an odd number  */

            intdos(®s, ®s);

            if(regs.x.cflag)                    /* error                    */
                return -1;
            else
                return 0;
        }
    }
}   /*  relocate()  */

/*
**  Test code
*/

#ifdef TEST

void main(void)
{
    int c, h;

    relocate();

    c = 0;
    while ((h = open("CON", O_RDONLY)) >= 0)        /* DOS closes files */
    {
        c++;                                        /* on exit, so I    */
        printf("handle = %d\n", h);                 /* don't bother     */
    }                                               /* saving handles   */
    printf("total opened files = %d\n", c);
}   /*  ADDHNDLS.C  */

#endif /* TEST */
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/hires.asm��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002343�07055334011�016106� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1. 80 x 50 on VGA
=================
       mov     ax,1202h                ; select 400 scan line mode
       mov     bl,30h
       int     10h
       mov     ax,3                    ; select 80 x 25 16 colour mode
       int     10h
       mov     ax,1112h                ; load 8x8 character set into RAM
       mov     bl,0                    
       int     10h                    

2. 80 x 43 on EGA
=================
       mov     ax,3                    ; establish 350 scan line mode
       int     10h                     ; and 80 x 25 16 colour mode
       mov     ax,1112h                ; 8x8 character set
       mov     bl,0
       int     10h
       mov     ax,40h                  ; update cursor size/ pointers
       mov     es,ax
       mov     dx,es:[63h]
       mov     ax,060ah
       out     dx,ax
       mov     ax,000bh
       out     dx,ax
       mov     ax,12h                  ; set up new prtscr routine
       mov     bl,20h
       int     10h

Warnings:
=========
DOS's ANSI.SYS prior to DOS 5 has no comprehension of screens having more
than 25 lines! 

Reference:
"Programmer's Guide to PC and PS/2 Video Systems": author Richard Wilton.
Microsoft Press 1988.  ISBN 1-55615-103-9
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/whicharc.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000020677�07055334342�016247� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------
   Module:     WHICHARC.C
   Subject:    tries to determine the archiver used to compress files
   Author:     Heinz Ozwirk & David Gersic
               modified for SNIPPETS by Bob Stout
   Status:     public domain
   Started:    28.09.1991   13:35:57
   Modified:   13.10.1991   14:15:57
   Modified:   5 January, 1992 11:50am by David Gersic
                   Added return codes for self extracting archive files.
   Modified:   16 January, 1992, 4:15pm by David Gersic
                   Added Pak and ARC ver. 6 with information from Richard
                   Vanhouten @1:272/38. I'm not sure that this code works
                   perfectly for those formats, as his message seems to
                   indicate that the entire archive has to be scanned for
                   headers to check before the type can be perfectly
                   determined. It seems to work for test archives produced
                   here, but may not work for all archives.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   Prototype:  int WhichArc(char *pName)
      pName    address of full path name of file to examine
      Result   -1:      file not found
               UNKNOWN: unknown packer
               ARC:     ARC or PKARC
               ARJ:     ARJ
               LHA:     LHARC or LHA
               ZIP:     PKZIP
               ZOO:     Zoo
               PAK:     Pak
               ARC7:    ARC later than ver. 6.02
               SFXARC:  Self Extracting PKARC
               SFXARJ:  Self Extracting ARJ
               SFXLHARC:Self Extracting LHARC
               SFXLHA:  Self Extracting LHA
               SFXZIP:  Self Extracting ZIP
               SFXPAK:  Self Extracting Pak
               SFXARC6: Self Extracting ARC later than ver. 6.02
               EXE:     MS DOS executable of unknown type

   LHARC/LHA
      No archive header. WhichArc examines the checksum of the first
      file header. If the checksum is valid and if the string -lh?-
      is found, LHA or LHARC is assumed.

   ARJ
      If a file starts with 0x60, 0xEA, ARJ is assumed.

   ZIP
      If the file begins with "PK", PKZIP is assumed.

   ZOO
      Zoo'ed archives always start with "ZOO x.xx Archive". WhichArc
      only looks for "ZOO".

   ARC
      No header. Files starting with 0x1A are assumed to be ARCed.

   PAK
      Similar to ARC files, but if the second byte of the header is 0x0a or
      0x0b, it was created by Pak.

   ARC7
      Similar to ARC, but if the second byte of the header is 0x14 or
      higher, it was created by an Arc version later than 6.02.

   SFX*
      All of the SFX files start with a small decompressor. Seek past
      the decompressor and repeat the above checks. 
   -------------------------------------------------------------------- */


typedef unsigned char BYTE;

enum ArcType { ArcERR=-1, UNKNOWN, ARC, ZOO, ARJ, LHARC, LHA, ZIP, PAK, ARC7,
               SFXARC, SFXARJ, SFXLHARC, SFXLHA, SFXZIP, SFXARC7, SFXPAK, EXE
             };

enum ArcType WhichArc(char *pName)
{
      FILE  *fp;
      BYTE  header[128];
      int   c, i, n;
      enum  ArcType retval = ArcERR;

      memset(header, 0, sizeof(header));
      fp = fopen(pName, "rb");
      if (fp == NULL)
            goto EXIT;                                /* error opening file */
      n = fread(header, sizeof(BYTE), sizeof(header) - sizeof(BYTE), fp);

      if (n <= 0)                               /* error reading from file  */
            goto EXIT;

      if (n >= 7 && n >= header[0] + 2)
      {
            for (c = 0, i = header[0]; i--; c += (header+2)[i])
                  ;
            if (((BYTE)(c & 0x00FF)) == header[1] 
                  && header[2] == '-' 
                  && header[3] == 'l' 
                  && header[4] == 'h' 
                  && header[6] == '-')
            {
                  retval = (header[5] > '1') ? LHA : LHARC;
                  goto EXIT;
            }
      }

      if (n >= 2)
      {
            if (header[0] == 0x60 && header[1] == 0xEA)
            {
                  retval = ARJ;
                  goto EXIT;
            }
            if (header[0] == 'P'  && header[1] == 'K')
            {
                  retval = ZIP;
                  goto EXIT;
            }
      }

      if (n >= 3 && header[0] == 'Z' && header[1] == 'O' && header[2] == 'O')
      {
            retval = ZOO;
            goto EXIT;
      }

      if (n >= 25 && header[0] == 0x1A)
      {
            if (header[1]>0x14)
                  retval = ARC7;
            else if (header[1]==0x0a || header[1]==0x0b)
                  retval = PAK;
            else  retval = ARC;
            goto EXIT;
      }

      if (0 == strncmp(header, "MZ", 2))        /* some sort of .EXE file   */
      {
            /* test for SFX ARJ file */

            memset(header, 0, sizeof(header));
            fseek(fp, 0x39ba, SEEK_SET);
            n = fread(header, sizeof(BYTE),
                  sizeof(header) - sizeof(BYTE), fp);
            if (n > 1 && header[0] == 0x60 && header[1] == 0xea)
            {
                  retval = SFXARJ;
                  goto EXIT;
            }

            /* test for SFX LHARC file */

            memset(header, 0, sizeof(header));
            fseek(fp, 0x653, SEEK_SET);
            n = fread(header, sizeof(BYTE),
                  sizeof(header) - sizeof(BYTE), fp);
            for (c = 0, i = header[0]; i--; c += (header+2)[i])
                  ;
            if (n >= 7 && n >= header[0] + 2)
            {
                  if (((BYTE)(c & 0x00FF)) == header[1] 
                        && header[2] == '-' 
                        && header[3] == 'l' 
                        && header[4] == 'h' 
                        && header[6] == '-')
                  {
                        retval = SFXLHARC;
                        goto EXIT;
                  }
            }

            /* test for SFX LHA file */

            memset(header, 0, sizeof(header));
            fseek(fp, 0x799, SEEK_SET);
            n = fread(header, sizeof(BYTE),
                  sizeof(header) - sizeof(BYTE), fp);
            for (c = 0, i = header[0]; i--; c += (header+2)[i])
                  ;
            if (n >= 7 && n >= header[0] + 2)
            {
                  if (((BYTE)(c & 0x00FF)) == header[1] 
                        && header[2] == '-' 
                        && header[3] == 'l' 
                        && header[4] == 'h' 
                        && header[6] == '-')
                  {
                        retval = SFXLHA;
                        goto EXIT;
                  }
            }

            /* test for SFX ZIP file */

            memset(header, 0, sizeof(header));
            fseek(fp, 0x31f0, SEEK_SET);
            n = fread(header, sizeof(BYTE),
                  sizeof(header) - sizeof(BYTE), fp);
            if (n > 1 && header[0] == 'P'  && header[1] == 'K')
            {
                  retval = SFXZIP;
                  goto EXIT;
            }

            /* test for SFX PKARC file */

            memset(header, 0, sizeof(header));
            fseek(fp,0x261e,SEEK_SET);
            n = fread(header, sizeof(BYTE),
                  sizeof(header) - sizeof(BYTE), fp);
            if (n > 1 && header[0] == 0x1a)
            {
                  if (header[1]>0x14)
                        retval = SFXARC7;
                  else if (header[1]==0x0a || header[1]==0x0b)
                        retval = SFXPAK;
                  else  retval = SFXARC;
            }
            else  retval = EXE;
      }
      retval = UNKNOWN;
EXIT: fclose(fp);
      return retval;
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
      char *arc_types[]={"UNKNOWN", "ARC", "ZOO", "ARJ", "LHARC", "LHA",
                         "ZIP", "PAK", "PAK", "ARC7", "SFXARC", "SFXARJ",
                         "SFXLHARC", "SFXLHA", "SFXZIP", "SFXARC7", "SFXPAK",
                         "EXE"};

      while (--argc)
      {
            enum ArcType which;

            if (ArcERR == (which = WhichArc(*++argv)))
                  printf("File error accessing %s\n", *argv);
            else  printf("%s archive type is %s\n", *argv, arc_types[which]);
      }
      return(0);
}

#endif
�����������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ll_msort.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003623�07055334037�016303� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** Here's an example of how to sort a singly-linked list.  I think it
** can be modified to sort a doubly-linked list, but it would get a bit
** more complicated.  Note that this is a recursive method, but the
** recursion depth is limited to be proportional to the base 2 log of
** the length of the list, so it won't "run away" and blow the stack.
**
**  10/21/93 rdg  Fixed bug -- function was okay, but called incorrectly.
*/

/* linked list sort -- public domain by Ray Gardner  5/90 */

#include <stdio.h>              /* for NULL definition */
#include <string.h>

typedef struct list_struct {
   struct list_struct *next;
   char *key;
   /* other stuff */
   } list;

/* returns < 0 if *p sorts lower than *q */
int keycmp (list *p, list *q)
{
      return strcmp(p->key, q->key);
}

/* merge 2 lists under dummy head item */
list *lmerge (list *p, list *q)
{
      list *r, head;

      for ( r = &head; p && q; )
      {
            if ( keycmp(p, q) < 0 )
            {
                  r = r->next = p;
                  p = p->next;
            }
            else
            {
                  r = r->next = q;
                  q = q->next;
            }
      }
      r->next = (p ? p : q);
      return head.next;
}

/* split list into 2 parts, sort each recursively, merge */
list *lsort (list *p)
{
      list *q, *r;

      if ( p )
      {
            q = p;
            for ( r = q->next; r && (r = r->next) != NULL; r = r->next )
                  q = q->next;
            r = q->next;
            q->next = NULL;
            if ( r )
                  p = lmerge(lsort(r), lsort(p));
      }
      return p;
}

main (void)
{
      list *listp;                 /* pointer to start of list */

      /* first build unsorted list, then */

      listp = lsort(listp);                                 /* rdg 10/93 */

      return 0;
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/noctrlc.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003221�07055334123�016102� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/****************************************************************/
/* Name: noctrl()                                               */
/* Desc: captures interrput 9 so as to ignore ctrl-c,ctrl-break,*/
/*       ctrl-alt-del                                           */
/****************************************************************/

#include <dos.h>

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #define INTERRUPT
 #define FAR            _far
 #define ENABLE         int_on
 #define INPORTB        inp
 #define OUTPORTB       outp
#else
 #include <conio.h>
 #if defined(__TURBOC__)
  #define INTERRUPT      interrupt
  #define FAR            far
  #define ENABLE         enable
  #define INPORTB        inportb
  #define OUTPORTB       outportb
 #else
  #define INTERRUPT      _interrupt
  #define FAR            _far
  #define ENABLE         _enable
  #define INPORTB        inp
  #define OUTPORTB       outp
 #endif
#endif

extern void (INTERRUPT FAR *oldint9)(void);     /* Caller must set this */

void INTERRUPT FAR noctrl(void)
{
      unsigned char byte;
      static int flag;
 
      ENABLE();
 
      if ((byte = (unsigned char)INPORTB(0x60)) == 29)
            flag = 1;
 
      if (byte == 157)
            flag = 0;
 
      if (!flag)
            (*oldint9)();
      else  switch (byte)
      {
      case 46 :   /* yeah, these should be #defined! */
      case 70 :
      case 56 :
      case 83 :
            byte = (unsigned char)INPORTB(0x61);
            OUTPORTB(0x61,byte | 0x80);
            OUTPORTB(0x61,byte);
            OUTPORTB(0x20,0x20);
            break;
      default :
            (*oldint9)();
      }
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/translat.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003240�07055334307�016273� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** Public Domain by Jerry Coffin.
**
** Interpets a string in a manner similar to that the compiler
** does string literals in a program.  All escape sequences are
** longer than their translated equivalant, so the string is
** translated in place and either remains the same length or
** becomes shorter.
*/

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

char *translate(char *string)
{
      char *here=string;
      size_t len=strlen(string);
      int num;
      int numlen;

      while (NULL!=(here=strchr(here,'\\')))
      {
            numlen=1;
            switch (here[1])
            {
            case '\\':
                  break;

            case 'r':
                  *here = '\r';
                  break;

            case 'n':
                  *here = '\n';
                  break;

            case 't':
                  *here = '\t';
                  break;

            case 'v':
                  *here = '\v';
                  break;

            case 'a':
                  *here = '\a';
                  break;

            case '0':
            case '1':
            case '2':
            case '3':
            case '4':
            case '5':
            case '6':
            case '7':
                  numlen = sscanf(here,"%o",&num);
                  *here = (char)num;
                  break;

            case 'x':
                  numlen = sscanf(here,"%x",&num);
                  *here = (char) num;
                  break;
            }
            num = here - string + numlen;
            here++;
            memmove(here,here+numlen,len-num );
      }
      return string;
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/memavail.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000777�07055334102�016243� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  MEMAVAIL.C - Report available DOS memory
**
**  public domain by Thor Johnson
*/

#include <dos.h>

long memavail(void)
{
      union REGS regs;

      /* Request impossibly large number of 16-byte paragraphs from DOS */

      regs.h.ah = 0x48;
      regs.x.bx = 0xFFFF;

      int86(0x21,®s,®s);

      return((long)regs.x.bx * 16L);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
      printf("Available DOS memory = %ld bytes\n", memavail());
}

#endif /* TEST */
�c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/remtab.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003346�07055334176�015730� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* remtab.c 12-4-91 Robert Mashlan, Public Domain
   modified 28 mar 93 by Bob Stout

   Filter for removing tabs.  All tabs in the input will be replaced
   with spaces.  This filter takes one optional command line
   parameter, which specifies the number spaces to replace for a tab.
   If no size is specifies, it defaults to 8.

   example usage:

   remtab 6 < tabbed.c > untabbed.c

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define BUFSIZE 4096


int main(int argc, char **argv )
{
      int tabsize = 8;

      if (argc > 1)                 /* look for command line parameter */
      {
            if (0 == (tabsize = atoi(argv[1])))
                  tabsize = 8;
      }

      while (1)
      {
            char buf[BUFSIZE];
            int nr, i, j, pos = 0;

            nr = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), stdin);
            for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
            {
                  switch (buf[i])
                  {
                  case '\t':              /* replace tabs with spaces   */
                        for(j = pos % tabsize; j < tabsize; ++j)
                        {
                              putchar(' ');
                              ++pos;
                        }
                        break;

                  case '\n':              /* start a new line           */
                        pos = -1;         /* this will become 0 when... */

                        /* ...we fall through to...   */

                  default:
                        putchar(buf[i]);/* send character through unchanged */
                        ++pos;
                  }
            }
            if (nr < sizeof(buf))
                  break;
      }
      return 0;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/read.me����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000107�07055334175�015537� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Before you start, read SNIPPETS.TXT for instructions and information.
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isfopen.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001457�07055334023�016111� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Find out if a FILE * is valid
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define STREAM_BUF     _streams
 #define FCNT           FOPEN_MAX
 #define FLAG           flags
#else /* MSC, ZTC++ */
 #define STREAM_BUF     _iob
 #define FCNT           _NFILE
 #define FLAG           _flag
#endif

typedef enum {FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

int isfopen(FILE *fp)
{
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < FCNT; ++i)
      {
            if (0 != STREAM_BUF[i].FLAG && fp == &STREAM_BUF[i])
                  return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(void)
{
      printf("stdout is%s valid\n", isfopen(stdout) ? "":" not");
      printf("buffer #10 is%s valid\n", isfopen(&STREAM_BUF[9]) ? "":" not");
}

#endif /*TEST */
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/amalloc.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007011�07055333635�016056� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*

AMALLOC - multi-dimensional malloc()

Allocates a multidimensional array dynamically, at runtime, so that
  1: its elements can be accessed using multiple indirection
  2: it can be deallocated using a call to the standard free() function
Note: On PC's the max array size is 64K

Paul Schlyter, 1992-02-09.  Released to the public domain.

*/


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>


#define MAXDIMS  5              /* Defines the maximum number of dimensions */
#define MAXSIZE  ((size_t) -1L) /* Maximum size of array */


void *amalloc( int esiz, void *initval, int dims, ... )
/*
 *  Input:   esiz     size of each array elements, as given by sizeof
 *           initval  pointer to initial value. NULL ==> zero fill
 *           dims     number of dimensions: 1..MAXDIMS (5)
 *           ...      number of elements in each dimension (int's)
 *
 *  Returns:  NULL    error: out of memory, or illegal parameters
 *                    otherwise base pointer to array
 */
{
      unsigned int dim[MAXDIMS], accdim[MAXDIMS];
      va_list ap;
      int i, j;
      long int totsiz;
      void **q;
      char *p, *r, *s;

      if (dims < 1  ||  dims > MAXDIMS)
            return NULL;

      memset(dim, 0, sizeof(dim));          /* Read dimension numbers */
      memset(accdim, 0, sizeof(accdim));
      va_start(ap, dims);
      dim[0] = accdim[0] = va_arg(ap,int);
      for (i = 1; i < dims; i++)
      {
            dim[i] = va_arg(ap,int);
            accdim[i] = accdim[i-1] * dim[i];
      }
      va_end(ap);

                                            /* Compute total array size */
      totsiz = esiz * accdim[dims-1];       /* Data size */

      for (i = 0; i < dims - 1; i++ )       /* Add space for pointers */
            totsiz += sizeof(void *) * accdim[i];

      if (totsiz > MAXSIZE)                 /* Exit if totsiz too large */
            return NULL;

      p = malloc((size_t) totsiz);          /* Allocate memory */
      if (p == NULL)                        /* Out-of-memory   */
            return NULL;
      memset(p, 0, (unsigned int) totsiz);  /* Zero out allocated memory */
      q = (void **) p;

      if (dims == 1)
            r = (char *) q + esiz * accdim[0];

      for (i = 1; i < dims; i++)            /* Fill in pointers */
      {
            int siz;
            int accd = accdim[i-1], d = dim[i];

            siz =  i == dims-1 ? esiz : sizeof(void *);

            r = (char *) q + sizeof(void *) * accd;
            for (j = 0; j < accd; j++)
            {
                  *q++ = r;
                  r += siz * d;
            }
      }

      if (initval != NULL)
      {
            for (s = (char *) q; s < r; s += esiz)
                  memcpy(s, initval, esiz);
      }

      return p;

}  /* amalloc */


#ifdef TEST   /* Test program */

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
      static char init_d[8] = { 0x01,0x23,0x45,0x67,0x89,0xAB,0xCD,0xEF };
      int init_i = 0x1111;
      double *a   = amalloc( sizeof(double), init_d, 1, 4 );
      double **b  = amalloc( sizeof(double), init_d, 2, 4, 5 );
      double ***c = amalloc( sizeof(double), init_d, 3, 4, 5, 6 );
      int ***d = amalloc( sizeof(int), &init_i, 3, 4, 5, 6 );
      int i, j, k;

      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
            for (j = 0; j < 5; j++ )
                  for (k = 0; k < 6; k++ )
                        d[i][j][k] = (i * 256) + (j * 16) + k;

      a = a, b = b, c = c;

      return 0;
}

#endif
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/redir.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003303�07055334176�015554� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Program: REDIR.C
Author:  F. PIETTE (2:293/2201.135)
Object:  Demonstration of the output redirection
Creation: Augustus 2, 1991
Updates:


 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

void main(void)
{
    int old_fh;
    int new_fh;

    fprintf(stdout, "This goes to the original standard output\n");

    /* Duplicate the stdout file handle to restore it later */
    old_fh = dup(fileno(stdout));
    if (old_fh == -1) {
         fprintf(stderr, "dup error\n");
         exit(1);
    }

    /* Open the new file for output */
    if ((new_fh = open("redir.txt", O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY,
                       S_IREAD | S_IWRITE)) == -1) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open redir.txt\n");
         exit(1);
    }
    /* Duplicate the new handle to stdout */
    dup2(new_fh, fileno(stdout));
    /* We don't need new_fh any more, so close it */
    close(new_fh);

    /* stdout is now redirected, let's try it */
    fprintf(stdout, "This goes to redir.txt file !\n");

    /* If you run a program using spawn(), the child program will have */
    /* its output redirected to REDIR.TXT file ! */

    /* Now let's restore stdout to its original state */
    fflush(stdout);  /* First flush the outut buffer */
    /* Then duplicate the original file handle to stdout */
    dup2(old_fh, fileno(stdout));

    /* Let's try if we canceled the redirection */
    fprintf(stdout, "Back to original stdout\n");

    exit(0);
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/nonmsdos.txt�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005377�07055334125�016713� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������The following SNIPPETS files are either non-MS/PC-DOS specific or may be
easily ported to other environments:

Cast.H         Hilobyte.H     Pi.H           Round.H        C_Lines.Awk
A2E.C          Amalloc.C      Ansiflen.C     Ansiself.C     Approx.C
Bascnvrt.C     Bastrngs.C     Bitarray.C     Bitcnt_1.C     Bitcnt_2.C
Bitfiles.C     Bitops.C       Bitstrng.C     Bstr_I.C       Bresnham.C
Calsupp.C      Cant.C         Checksum.C     Combin.C       Commafmt.C
Crc-16.C       Crc-16F.C      Crc_32.C       Crypt.C        Ctrlprnt.C
Cubic.C        Dbl2Long.C     Dblround.C     Editgets.C     Eng.C
Eval.C         Factoryl.C     Fcompare.C     Fcopy.C        Ferrorf.C
Fmtmoney.C     Fpswitch.C     Fscanbin.C     Fsm.C          Getstrng.C
Hexorint.C     Howdy.C        Hstr_I.C       Initvars.C     Isisbn.C
Ispow2.C       Isqrt.C        Jdn.C          Lbitops.C      Ldfloor.C
Ll_Msort.C     Ll_Qsort.C     Ltoa.C         Ltostr.C       Lv1Ws.C
Mainmain.C     Mdalloc.C      Memrev.C       Mkdirs.C       Moon_Age.C
Ord_Text.C     Perm_Idx.C     Pluraltx.C     Rand1.C        Rand2.C
Redir.C        Rg_Isort.C     Rg_Qsort.C1    Rg_Qsort.C2    Rg_Rand.C
Rg_Ssort.C     Rmallws.C      Rmlead.C       Rmtrail.C      Rndmize.C
Scanfrac.C     Soundex.C      Srchfile.C     Sstrcpy.C      Stats.C
Stptok.C       Str27Seg.C     Strftime.C     Strrepl.C      Strrev.C
Strsort.C      Strucfil.C     Style.C        Tabtrick.C     Toascii.C
Translat.C     Trim.C         Wb_Fcopy.C     Weird.C        Windchil.C
Wordwrap.C     Xstrcat.C      Xstrcmp.C      C_Prec.Txt     Storage.Typ
Rtlftrul.Txt   Ptr_Help.Txt   C_Port.Txt     Enums.Txt      Resource.Lst
Match.H        Match.C        Match.Doc      Dirmask.C      Patmat.C
Fln_Fix.C      Getcmt.C       Testcmt.C      Scaldate.H     Scaldate.C
Daynum.C       Cal.C          W_Wrap.H       W_Wrap.C       Center.C
Xfile.H        Xfile.C        Xtest.C        Getopt3.C      Getopts.H
Getopts.C      Pbmsrch.C      Bmhsrch.C      Bmhisrch.C     Bmhasrch.C
Strdup.C       Strupr.C       Iostutor.Txt   Myio.H         Myio.Cpp
Mystream.H     Mystream.Cpp   Myline.H       Myline.Cpp     Myiodemo.Cpp
Myio.Mak       Str.Doc        Str.H          Str.C          Mem.Txt
Toolkit.H      Mem.H          Mem.C          2Dlife.C       Bigfac.C
Bincomp.C      C_Cmnt.C       Chbytes.C      Cmdline.C      Commconv.C
Factor.C       Fraction.C     Head.C         Hexdump.C      Ifactor.C
Inchcvrt.C     Killff.C       Log.C          Lzhuf.C        Maze_1.C
Maze_2.C       Maze_3.C       Mv.C           Palndrom.C     Permute1.C
Permute2.C     Pi.C           Pr.C           Rdxcnvrt.C     Remtab.C
Roman.C        Split.C        Stub.C         Sunriset.C     Tail.C
Uuencode.C     Uudecode.C     Wc.C           Where.C        Jgrep.C
Grep.C
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bitcnt_1.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001327�07055333651�016153� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Bit counter by Ratko Tomic
*/

int bit_count(long x)
{
        int n = 0;
/*
** The loop will execute once for each bit of x set, this is in average
** twice as fast as the shift/test method.
*/
        if (x) do
              n++;
        while (0 != (x = x&(x-1)))
              ;
        return(n);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define plural_text(n) &"s"[(1 == (n))]

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      long n;

      while(--argc)
      {
            int i;

            n = atol(*++argv);
            i = bit_count(n);
            printf("%ld contains %d bit%s set\n",
                  n, i, plural_text(i));
      }
}

#endif /* TEST */
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bitcnt_2.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001330�07055333651�016146� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������int bitcount(long i)
{
      i = ((i & 0xAAAAAAAA) >>  1) + (i & 0x55555555);
      i = ((i & 0xCCCCCCCC) >>  2) + (i & 0x33333333);
      i = ((i & 0xF0F0F0F0) >>  4) + (i & 0x0F0F0F0F);
      i = ((i & 0xFF00FF00) >>  8) + (i & 0x00FF00FF);
      i = ((i & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) + (i & 0x0000FFFF);
      return (int)i;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define plural_text(n) &"s"[(1 == (n))]

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      long n;

      while(--argc)
      {
            int i;

            n = atol(*++argv);
            i = bitcount(n);
            printf("%ld contains %d bit%s set\n",
                  n, i, plural_text(i));
      }
}

#endif /* TEST */
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bitops.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000515�07055333652�015747� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Bit set, clear, and test operations
**
**  public domain snippet by Bob Stout
*/

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

#define BOOL(x) (!(!(x)))

#define BitSet(arg,posn) ((arg) | (1L << (posn)))
#define BitClr(arg,posn) ((arg) & ~(1L << (posn)))
#define BitTst(arg,posn) BOOL((arg) & (1L << (posn)))
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/crypt.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007273�07055333715�015620� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      S-CODER - Encrypt/decrypt data                          */
/*                                                              */
/*      Copyright 1987-1989 by Robert B. Stout dba MicroFirm    */
/*                                                              */
/*      Originally written by Bob Stout with modifications      */
/*      suggested by Mike Smedley.                              */
/*                                                              */
/*      This code may be used freely in any program for any     */
/*      application, personal or commercial.                    */
/*                                                              */
/*  Current commercial availability:                            */
/*                                                              */
/*      1. MicroFirm Toolkit ver 3.00: LYNX and CRYPT utilities */
/*      2. CXL libraries (MSC, TC, ZTC/C++, PC): fcrypt()       */
/*         dedicated file encryption function                   */
/*      3. SMTC & MFLZT libraries: crypt() function             */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/
 
char *cryptext;         /* The actual encryption/decryption key */
int   crypt_ptr = 0;    /* Circular pointer to elements of key  */
int   crypt_length;     /* Set externally to strlen(cryptext)   */
 
/* NOTES: cryptext should be set and qualified (to something over
          5-6 chars, minimum) by the calling program, which should
          also set crypt_ptr in the range of 0 to strlen(cryptext)
          before each use. If crypt() is used to encrypt several
          buffers, cryptext should be reloaded and crypt_ptr reset
          before each buffer is encrypted. The encryption is both
          reversible - to decrypt data, pass it back through crypt()
          using the original key and original initial value of
          crypt_ptr - and multiple passes are commutative.
*/
 
/**** Encrypt/decrypt buffer datum ******************************/
void crypt(unsigned char *buf)
{
      *buf ^= cryptext[crypt_ptr] ^ (cryptext[0] * crypt_ptr);
      cryptext[crypt_ptr] += ((crypt_ptr < (crypt_length - 1)) ?
            cryptext[crypt_ptr + 1] : cryptext[0]);
      if (!cryptext[crypt_ptr])
            cryptext[crypt_ptr] += 1;
      if (++crypt_ptr >= crypt_length)
            crypt_ptr = 0;
}
 
/**** Encrypt/decrypt buffer ************************************/
void bufcrypt(unsigned char *buf, long length)
{
      while (length--)
            crypt(*buf++)
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      static char buf[16384];
      size_t len, i;
      FILE *in, *out;

      if (4 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: CRYPT password infile outfile");
            return -1;
      }
      cryptext = argv[1];
      crypt_length = strlen(cryptext);
      if (NULL == (in = fopen(argv[2], "rb")))
      {
            printf("Can't open %s for input\n", argv[2]);
            return -1;
      }
      if (NULL == (out = fopen(argv[3], "wb")))
      {
            printf("Can't open %s for output\n", argv[3]);
            return -1;
      }
      do
      {
            if (0 != (len = fread(buf, 1, 16384, in)))
            {
                  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
                        crypt(&buf[i]);
                  fwrite(buf, 1, len, out);
            }
      } while (len);
      fclose(in);
      fclose(out);
      return 0;
}

#endif
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isramdsk.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002563�07055334025�016264� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  isRamDsk() - Determine if a drive is a RAM disk
**
**  Call with drive letter ('a' - 'z', 'A' - 'Z')
**
**  Returns TRUE, FALSE, or ERROR
**
**  Uses ABSDISKC.C, ABSDISK.ASM, and DOS5BOOT.H from SNIPPETS
**  (Note: The relevent parts of the structure in DOS5BOOT.H are
**   also applicable to lower version numbers of DOS)
**
**  Public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include "dos5boot.h"

int AbsDiskRead(unsigned short, size_t, size_t, void *);

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

LOGICAL isRamDsk(unsigned char drive) 
{
      union REGS regs;
      B_REC buffer;

      regs.x.ax = 0x4408;           /* Not if removable     */
      regs.h.bl = (unsigned)toupper(drive) - (unsigned char)'@';
      intdos(®s, ®s);
      if (0 == regs.x.ax)
            return FALSE;
      if (AbsDiskRead(toupper(drive) - 'A', 1, 0, &buffer))
            return ERROR;
      return (1 == buffer.bsFATs);
} 

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Syntax: ISRAMDSK drive_letter");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      printf("Drive %c: is%s a RAM drive\n", toupper(*argv[1]),
            isRamDsk(*argv[1]) ? "" : " not");
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/factor.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003350�07055333754�015730� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** factor.c -- print prime factorization of a number
** Ray Gardner -- 1985 -- public domain
** Modified Feb. 1989 by Thad Smith > public domain
**
** This version takes numbers up to the limits of double precision.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

int prevfact = 0;
void factor (double);
void show (double, int);

void main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
      while ( --argc )
            factor(atof(*++argv));
}

void factor (double n)
{
      double d;
      int k;

      prevfact = 0;

      d = n+1;     /* test for roundoff error */
      if (n+3 != d+2)
      {
            printf("%0.0f is too large to process.\n", n);
            return;
      }
      if (fmod(n,1.) != 0.0)
      {
            printf("%f is not an integer.\n",n);
            return;
      }
      printf("%0.0f  ",n);
      if ( n < 2. )
      {
            printf("is less than 2.\n");
            return;
      }
      else if ( n > 2. )
      {
            d = 2;
            for ( k = 0; fmod(n,d) == 0.0; k++ )
                  n /= d;
            if ( k )
                  show(d,k);
            for ( d = 3; d * d <= n; d += 2 )
            {
                  for ( k = 0; fmod(n,d) == 0.0; k++ )
                        n /= d;
                  if ( k )
                        show(d,k);
            }
      }
      if ( n > 1 )
      {
            if ( ! prevfact )
                  printf(" is prime");
            else  show(n,1);
      }
      printf("\n");
}

void show (double d, int k)
{
      if ( prevfact )
            printf(" * ");
      else  printf(" = ");
      prevfact++;
      printf("%0.0f",d);
      if ( k > 1 )
            printf("^%d",k);
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cubic.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002752�07055333716�015542� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  CUBIC.C - Solve a cubic polynomial
**  public domain by Ross Cottrell
*/

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void SolveCubic(double  a,
                double  b,
                double  c,
                double  d,
                int    *solutions,
                double *x)
{
      long double    a1 = b/a, a2 = c/a, a3 = d/a;
      long double    Q = (a1*a1 - 3.0*a2)/9.0;
      long double R = (2.0*a1*a1*a1 - 9.0*a1*a2 + 27.0*a3)/54.0;
      double    R2_Q3 = R*R - Q*Q*Q;

      double    theta;

      if (R2_Q3 <= 0)
      {
            *solutions = 3;
            theta = acos(R/sqrt(Q*Q*Q));
            x[0] = -2.0*sqrt(Q)*cos(theta/3.0) - a1/3.0;
            x[1] = -2.0*sqrt(Q)*cos((theta+2.0*M_PI)/3.0) - a1/3.0;
            x[2] = -2.0*sqrt(Q)*cos((theta+4.0*M_PI)/3.0) - a1/3.0;
      }
      else
      {
            *solutions = 1;
            x[0] = pow(sqrt(R2_Q3)+fabs(R), 1/3.0);
            x[0] += Q/x[0];
            x[0] *= (R < 0.0) ? 1 : -1;
            x[0] -= a1/3.0;
      }
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(void)
{
      double  a1 = 1.0, b1 = -10.5, c1 = 32.0, d1 = -30.0;
      double  a2 = 1.0, b2 = -4.5, c2 = 17.0, d2 = -30.0;
      double  x[3];
      int     solutions;

      SolveCubic(a1, b1, c1, d1, &solutions, x);

      /* should get 3 solutions: 2, 6 & 2.5   */

      SolveCubic(a2, b2, c2, d2, &solutions, x);

      /* should get 1 solution: 2.5           */

      return 0;
}

#endif /* TEST */
����������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/x00api.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000025754�07055334346�015565� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 *   X00API.C: X00 FOSSIL driver
 *   
 *   Created by R.F. Pels.
 *   modified by Bob Stout
 *   Placed in the public domain by R.F. Pels.
 */

#include "x00api.h"
#include <dos.h>

static union  REGS  x00regs;
static struct SREGS x00sregs;
int                 x00error = 0;

#if __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
#endif

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define PEEK(s,o) peek(s,o)
#else /* MSC or ZTC */
 #define PEEK(s,o) *((unsigned _far *)(MK_FP((s),(o))))
#endif

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void _far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

unsigned int  x00_detect(void)
{
        unsigned int segofx00;
        unsigned int ofsofx00;
        
        /* Peek in interrupt vector table for start of FOSSIL */

        ofsofx00 = PEEK(0, X00_VECTOR * 4);
        segofx00 = PEEK(0, (X00_VECTOR * 4) + 2);
        
        /* Peek in start of FOSSIL + X00_IDOFFSET */

        return (PEEK(segofx00, ofsofx00 + X00_IDOFFSET));
}

FOSSILSTATUS  x00_set(unsigned char set, PORT port)
{
        FOSSILSTATUS retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = SET_BAUDRATE | set;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        retval.statusword = x00regs.x.ax;
        return retval;
}

FOSSILSTATUS  x00_tx_char(unsigned char c, PORT port)
{
        FOSSILSTATUS retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = TX_CHAR | c;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        retval.statusword = x00regs.x.ax;
        return retval;
}

unsigned char  x00_rx_char(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = RX_CHAR;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        return (unsigned char)(x00regs.x.ax & 0xff);
}

FOSSILSTATUS  x00_status(PORT port)
{
        FOSSILSTATUS retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = STATUS;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        retval.statusword = x00regs.x.ax;
        return retval;
}

FOSSILINIT    x00_init(PORT port, unsigned char far *ctlc_flagbyte)
{
        FOSSILINIT retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = INITIALIZE;
        if (ctlc_flagbyte != (unsigned char far *)0)
        {
                x00regs.x.dx = 0x00ff;
                x00regs.x.bx = 0x4F50;
                segread(&x00sregs);
                x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(ctlc_flagbyte);
                x00regs.x.cx = FP_OFF(ctlc_flagbyte);
        }
        else
        {
                x00regs.x.bx = 0x0000; /* in any case _NOT_ 0x4f50 */
                x00regs.x.dx = port;
        }
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        retval.result       = x00regs.x.ax;
        retval.max_function = (unsigned char)(x00regs.x.bx & 0xff);
        retval.revision     = (unsigned char)(x00regs.x.bx >> 8);
        return retval;
}

void          x00_deinit(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = DEINITIALIZE;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

unsigned int  x00_raise_dtr(PORT port)
{
        unsigned int retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = RAISE_DTR;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        if ((x00regs.x.ax & 0x0001) == 1)
        {
                retval = X00_DTR_HIGH;
        }
        else    retval = X00_DTR_LOW;
        return retval;
}

unsigned int  x00_lower_dtr(PORT port)
{
        unsigned int retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = LOWER_DTR;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        if ((x00regs.x.ax & 0x0001) == 1)
        {
                retval = X00_DTR_HIGH;
        }
        else    retval = X00_DTR_LOW;
        return retval;
}

FOSSILSYSINFO x00_sysinfo(void)
{
        FOSSILSYSINFO retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = GET_SYS_INFO;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        retval.tick_number        = (unsigned char)(x00regs.x.ax & 0xff);
        retval.ticks_per_second   = (unsigned char)(x00regs.x.ax >> 8);
        retval.approx_ms_per_tick = x00regs.x.dx;
        return retval;
}

void          x00_flush_output(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = FLUSH_OUTPUT;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

void          x00_purge_output(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = PURGE_OUTPUT;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

void          x00_purge_input(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = PURGE_INPUT;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

unsigned int  x00_tx_char_nowait(unsigned char c, PORT port)
{
        unsigned int retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = TX_CHAR_NOWAIT | c;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        if ((x00regs.x.ax & 0x0001) == 1)
        {
                retval = X00_OK;
        }
        else    retval = X00_CHAR_NOT_SENT;
        return retval;
}

unsigned int  x00_peek_ahead_input(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = PEEK_AHEAD_INPUT;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        return x00regs.x.ax;
}

unsigned int   x00_peek_ahead_kbd(void)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = PEEK_AHEAD_KBD;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        return x00regs.x.ax;
}

unsigned int  x00_read_kbd(void)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = READ_KBD;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        return x00regs.x.ax;
}

void          x00_flow_control(FOSSILFLOWCTRL f, PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = FLOW_CONTROL | 0xf0 | f.flowword;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

unsigned int  x00_ctlc_ctlk_check(FOSSILCTLCCTLK c, PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = CTLC_CTLK_CHECK | c.checkword;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        return x00regs.x.ax;
}

void          x00_set_cup(unsigned char row, unsigned char col)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = SET_CUP;
        x00regs.x.dx = (row << 8) | col;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

void          x00_get_cup(unsigned char *row, unsigned char *col)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = GET_CUP;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
        *col = (unsigned char)(x00regs.x.dx & 0xff);
        *row = (unsigned char)(x00regs.x.dx >> 8);
}

void          x00_write_ANSI_char(unsigned char c)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = WRITE_ANSI_CHAR | c;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

void          x00_enable_watchdog(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = ENABLE_WATCHDOG;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

void          x00_disable_watchdog(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = DISABLE_WATCHDOG;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

void          x00_write_BIOS_char(unsigned char c)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = WRITE_BIOS_CHAR | c;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

unsigned int  x00_insert_tick_func(void (far *tickfunc)())
{
        unsigned int retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = INSERT_TICK_FUNC;
        x00regs.x.dx = FP_OFF(tickfunc);
        segread(&x00sregs);
        x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(tickfunc);
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        if (x00regs.x.ax == 0x0000)
        {
                retval = X00_OK;
        }
        else    retval = X00_INS_TICK;
        return retval;
}

unsigned int  x00_delete_tick_func(void (far *tickfunc)())
{
        unsigned int retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = DELETE_TICK_FUNC;
        x00regs.x.dx = FP_OFF(tickfunc);
        segread(&x00sregs);
        x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(tickfunc);
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        if (x00regs.x.ax == 0x0000)
        {
                retval = X00_OK;
        }
        else    retval = X00_DEL_TICK;
        return retval;
}

void          x00_boot_machine(unsigned int boottype)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = BOOT_MACHINE | (boottype & 0x0001);
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

unsigned int  x00_read_block(unsigned int count, void far *buf, PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = READ_BLOCK;
        x00regs.x.cx = count;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        segread(&x00sregs);
        x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(buf);
        x00regs.x.di = FP_OFF(buf);
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        return x00regs.x.ax;
}

unsigned int  x00_write_block(unsigned int count, void far *buf, PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = WRITE_BLOCK;
        x00regs.x.cx = count;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        segread(&x00sregs);
        x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(buf);
        x00regs.x.di = FP_OFF(buf);
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        return x00regs.x.ax;
}

void          x00_start_break_signal(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = START_BREAK_SIGNAL;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

void          x00_stop_break_signal(PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = STOP_BREAK_SIGNAL;
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs);
}

unsigned int  x00_get_driverinfo(void far *buf, PORT port)
{
        x00regs.x.ax = GET_DRIVER_INFO;
        x00regs.x.cx = sizeof(FOSSILINFO);
        segread(&x00sregs);
        x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(buf);
        x00regs.x.di = FP_OFF(buf);
        x00regs.x.dx = port;
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        return x00regs.x.ax;
}

unsigned int  x00_install_appendage(unsigned char appcode,
                                              void (far *appfunc)())
{
        unsigned int retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = INSTALL_APPENDAGE | appcode;
        segread(&x00sregs);
        x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(appfunc);
        x00regs.x.dx = FP_OFF(appfunc);
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        if (x00regs.x.ax == X00_PRESENT)
        {
                if ((x00regs.x.bx & 0xff00) == 1)
                {
                        retval = X00_OK;
                }
                else    retval = X00_INS_APP;
        }
        else    retval = X00_NOT_HERE;
        return retval;
}

unsigned int  x00_remove_appendage(unsigned char appcode,
                                             void (far *appfunc)())
{
        unsigned int retval;
        
        x00regs.x.ax = REMOVE_APPENDAGE | appcode;
        segread(&x00sregs);
        x00sregs.es  = FP_SEG(appfunc);
        x00regs.x.dx = FP_OFF(appfunc);
        int86x(X00_VECTOR, &x00regs, &x00regs, &x00sregs);
        if (x00regs.x.ax == X00_PRESENT)
        {
                if ((x00regs.x.bx & 0xff00) == 1)
                {
                        retval = X00_OK;
                }
                else    retval = X00_REM_APP;
        }
        else    retval = X00_NOT_HERE;
        return retval;
}

#if __cplusplus
 }
#endif
��������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/x00api.h���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000017000�07055334350�015546� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 *  X00API.H - X00 FOSSIL driver HLLAPI
 *   
 *   Created by R.F. Pels.
 *   modified by Bob Stout
 *   Placed in the public domain by R.F. Pels.
 */

#ifndef __X00API_H                        /*  Prevent double inclusion  */
#define __X00API_H

/*  FOSSIL specifics */

#define X00_VECTOR          0x14
#define X00_IDOFFSET        6

/*  FOSSIL function request codes */

#define SET_BAUDRATE        0x0000
#define TX_CHAR             0x0100
#define RX_CHAR             0x0200
#define STATUS              0x0300
#define INITIALIZE          0x0400
#define DEINITIALIZE        0x0500
#define RAISE_DTR           0x0601
#define LOWER_DTR           0x0600
#define GET_SYS_INFO        0x0700
#define FLUSH_OUTPUT        0x0800
#define PURGE_OUTPUT        0x0900
#define PURGE_INPUT         0x0A00
#define TX_CHAR_NOWAIT      0x0B00
#define PEEK_AHEAD_INPUT    0x0C00
#define PEEK_AHEAD_KBD      0x0D00
#define READ_KBD            0x0E00
#define FLOW_CONTROL        0x0F00
#define CTLC_CTLK_CHECK     0x1000
#define SET_CUP             0x1100
#define GET_CUP             0x1200
#define WRITE_ANSI_CHAR     0x1300
#define ENABLE_WATCHDOG     0x1401
#define DISABLE_WATCHDOG    0x1400
#define WRITE_BIOS_CHAR     0x1500
#define INSERT_TICK_FUNC    0x1601
#define DELETE_TICK_FUNC    0x1600
#define BOOT_MACHINE        0x1700
#define READ_BLOCK          0x1800
#define WRITE_BLOCK         0x1900
#define START_BREAK_SIGNAL  0x1A01
#define STOP_BREAK_SIGNAL   0x1A00
#define GET_DRIVER_INFO     0x1B00
#define INSTALL_APPENDAGE   0x7e00
#define REMOVE_APPENDAGE    0x7f00

/* port numbers and variable type of portnumber in calls */

#define PORTCOM1            0
#define PORTCOM2            1
#define PORTCOM3            2
#define PORTCOM4            3
#define PORTCOM5            4
#define PORTCOM6            5
#define PORTCOM7            6
#define PORTCOM8            7
#define PORTSPECIAL         0x00ff

typedef unsigned int PORT;

/* defines components of baud settings call */

#define BAUD300             0x40
#define BAUD600             0x60
#define BAUD1200            0x80
#define BAUD2400            0xa0
#define BAUD4800            0xc0
#define BAUD9600            0xe0
#define BAUD19200           0x00
#define BAUD38400           0x20
#define PARITYNONE          0x00
#define PARITYODD           0x08
#define PARITYNONEALT       0x10
#define PARITYEVEN          0x18
#define STOP1BIT            0x00
#define STOP2BIT            0x04
#define WORD5BIT            0x00
#define WORD6BIT            0x01
#define WORD7BIT            0x02
#define WORD8BIT            0x03
#define FIDOSETTING         PARITYNONE | STOP1BIT | WORD8BIT
#define OPUSSETTING         PARITYNONE | STOP1BIT | WORD8BIT
#define SEADOGSETTING       PARITYNONE | STOP1BIT | WORD8BIT

/* Error numbers */

#define X00_OK              0
#define X00_NOT_HERE        100
#define X00_CHAR_NOT_SENT   101
#define X00_NO_INPUT        0xffff
#define X00_NO_KEY          0xffff
#define X00_INS_TICK        104
#define X00_DEL_TICK        105
#define X00_INS_APP         106
#define X00_REM_APP         107
#define X00_DTR_HIGH        108
#define X00_DTR_LOW         109


/* FOSSIL initcall result type */

#define X00_PRESENT         0x1954
 
typedef struct {
        unsigned int result;
        unsigned char max_function;
        unsigned char revision;
        } FOSSILINIT;

/* FOSSIL status return type: all fields are 1 if condition exists */

typedef union {
        struct STATUSBITS {
            unsigned int                   : 3;
            unsigned int alwayshigh        : 1;
            unsigned int                   : 3;
            unsigned int carrier_detect    : 1;
            unsigned int chars_in_input    : 1;
            unsigned int input_overrun     : 1;
            unsigned int                   : 3;
            unsigned int output_not_full   : 1;
            unsigned int output_empty      : 1;
            unsigned int                   : 1;
            } statusbits;
      unsigned int statusword;
      } FOSSILSTATUS;

/* FOSSIL info type */

typedef struct {
        unsigned int  size;
        unsigned char version;
        unsigned char revision;
        unsigned int  ofs_fossil_id;
        unsigned int  seg_fossil_id;
        unsigned int  input_size;
        unsigned int  input_avail;
        unsigned int  output_size;
        unsigned int  output_avail;
        unsigned char screen_width;
        unsigned char screen_height;
        unsigned char baud_rate_mask;
        } FOSSILINFO;

/* FOSSIL system info type */

typedef struct {
        unsigned char tick_number;
        unsigned char ticks_per_second;
        unsigned int  approx_ms_per_tick;
        } FOSSILSYSINFO;

/* FOSSIL flow control type */

typedef union {
        struct FLOWBITS {
            unsigned char xonxoff         : 1;
            unsigned char ctsrts          : 1;
            unsigned char remote_xonxoff  : 1;
            unsigned char                 : 5;
            } flowbits;
      unsigned char flowword;
      } FOSSILFLOWCTRL;

/* FOSSIL checks control type */

#define X00_CTLCK           0x0001
#define X00_NO_CTLCK        0x0000

typedef union {
        struct CHECKBITS {
            unsigned char ctlc_ctlk         : 1;
            unsigned char stop_transmitter  : 1;
            unsigned char                   : 6;
            } checkbits;
      unsigned char checkword;
      } FOSSILCTLCCTLK;

#define COLDBOOT        0
#define WARMBOOT        1

#if __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
#endif

unsigned int  x00_detect(void);
FOSSILSTATUS  x00_set(unsigned char set, PORT port);
FOSSILSTATUS  x00_tx_char(unsigned char c, PORT port);
unsigned char x00_rx_char(PORT port);
FOSSILSTATUS  x00_status(PORT port);
FOSSILINIT    x00_init(PORT port, unsigned char far *ctlc_flagbyte);
void          x00_deinit(PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_raise_dtr(PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_lower_dtr(PORT port);
FOSSILSYSINFO x00_sysinfo(void);
void          x00_flush_output(PORT port);
void          x00_purge_output(PORT port);
void          x00_purge_input(PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_tx_char_nowait(unsigned char c, PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_peek_ahead_input(PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_peek_ahead_kbd(void);
unsigned int  x00_read_kbd(void);
void          x00_flow_control(FOSSILFLOWCTRL f, PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_ctlc_ctlk_check(FOSSILCTLCCTLK c, PORT port);
void          x00_set_cup(unsigned char row, unsigned char col);
void          x00_get_cup(unsigned char *row, unsigned char *col);
void          x00_write_ANSI_char(unsigned char c);
void          x00_enable_watchdog(PORT port);
void          x00_disable_watchdog(PORT port);
void          x00_write_BIOS_char(unsigned char c);
unsigned int  x00_insert_tick_func(void (_far *tickfunc)());
unsigned int  x00_delete_tick_func(void (_far *tickfunc)());
void          x00_boot_machine(unsigned int boottype);
unsigned int  x00_read_block(unsigned int count, void far *buf, PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_write_block(unsigned int count, void far *buf, 
PORT port);
void          x00_start_break_signal(PORT port);
void          x00_stop_break_signal(PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_get_driverinfo(void far *buf, PORT port);
unsigned int  x00_install_appendage(unsigned char appcode,
                  void (_far *appfunc)());
unsigned int  x00_remove_appendage(unsigned char appcode, 
                  void (_far *appfunc)());

#if __cplusplus
 }
#endif

#endif /* __X00API_H */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isnetdr.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002315�07055334024�016111� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*  determine_drive_type -- Public Domain code from Bob Dolan           */
/*                                                                      */
/*  INPUT:  the drive number ( 0=current, 1=A:, 2=B:, etc. )            */
/*  OUTPUT: drive type ( 0=physical drive, 1=Network drive, 2=RamDisk ) */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
#include <dos.h>
 
drive_type(int dr)
{
      union REGS regs;
 
      regs.x.ax = 0x4409;     /* IOCTL func 9 */
      regs.h.bl = (unsigned char)dr;
      int86(0x21, ®s, ®s);
      if (!regs.x.cflag)
      {
            if (regs.x.dx & 0x1000)
                  return 1;   /* Network drive */

            else if (regs.x.dx == 0x0800)
                  return 2;   /* RAMdisk */
      }
 
      return 0;   /* physical drive */
}
 
#ifdef TEST
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int dr = 0;
 
      if (1 < argc)
            dr = toupper(*argv[1]) - '@';
      printf ("drive_type(%d) = %d\n", dr, drive_type(dr));
      return 0;
}
 
#endif /* TEST */
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/a2e.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005131�07055333632�015113� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  ASCII <=> EBCDIC conversion functions
*/

static unsigned char a2e[256] = {
          0,  1,  2,  3, 55, 45, 46, 47, 22,  5, 37, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
         16, 17, 18, 19, 60, 61, 50, 38, 24, 25, 63, 39, 28, 29, 30, 31,
         64, 79,127,123, 91,108, 80,125, 77, 93, 92, 78,107, 96, 75, 97,
        240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,122, 94, 76,126,110,111,
        124,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,209,210,211,212,213,214,
        215,216,217,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233, 74,224, 90, 95,109,
        121,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,145,146,147,148,149,150,
        151,152,153,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,192,106,208,161,  7,
         32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 21,  6, 23, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,  9, 10, 27,
         48, 49, 26, 51, 52, 53, 54,  8, 56, 57, 58, 59,  4, 20, 62,225,
         65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
         88, 89, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,112,113,114,115,116,117,
        118,119,120,128,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,154,155,156,157,158,
        159,160,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,
        184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,202,203,204,205,206,207,218,219,
        220,221,222,223,234,235,236,237,238,239,250,251,252,253,254,255
};

static unsigned char e2a[256] = {
          0,  1,  2,  3,156,  9,134,127,151,141,142, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
         16, 17, 18, 19,157,133,  8,135, 24, 25,146,143, 28, 29, 30, 31,
        128,129,130,131,132, 10, 23, 27,136,137,138,139,140,  5,  6,  7,
        144,145, 22,147,148,149,150,  4,152,153,154,155, 20, 21,158, 26,
         32,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168, 91, 46, 60, 40, 43, 33,
         38,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177, 93, 36, 42, 41, 59, 94,
         45, 47,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,124, 44, 37, 95, 62, 63,
        186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194, 96, 58, 35, 64, 39, 61, 34,
        195, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,196,197,198,199,200,201,
        202,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,203,204,205,206,207,208,
        209,126,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,210,211,212,213,214,215,
        216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,
        123, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,232,233,234,235,236,237,
        125, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82,238,239,240,241,242,243,
         92,159, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,244,245,246,247,248,249,
         48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,250,251,252,253,254,255
};

char ASCIItoEBCDIC(const unsigned char c)
{
        return a2e[c];
}

char EBCDICtoASCII(const unsigned char c)
{
        return e2a[c];
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cal.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007070�07055333667�015217� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  CAL - a calendar for DOS
**
**  a public domain demo using Ray Gardner's SCALDATE.C scalar date functions
**  by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*
**  function prototypes for SCALDATE.C
*/

int isleap (unsigned);
long ymd_to_scalar (unsigned, unsigned, unsigned);

/*
**  calendar generation information
*/

int days[12]    = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
char *month[12] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
                   "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
char *daynames[8] = {"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"};

/*
**  box drawing stuff
*/

#ifdef MSDOS
 const char *topborder = "\xd5\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd"
                         "\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd"
                         "\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xb8";
 const char *midborder = "\xc6\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd"
                         "\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd"
                         "\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xb5";
 const char *botborder = "\xd4\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd"
                         "\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd"
                         "\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xbe";
 const char *line = "\xb3";
#else
 const char *line = "";
#endif

/*
**  tell 'em they messed up
*/

void usage(void)
{
      puts("Usage: CAL m y");
      puts("where: m = month (1 - 12)");
      puts("       y = year (1 - 99, 1800 - 3000)");
      exit(-1);
}

/*
**  Define ISO to be 1 for ISO (Mon-Sun) calendars
*/

#ifndef ISO
 #define ISO 0
#endif

#if (ISO != 0 && ISO != 1)
 #error ISO must be set to either 0 or 1
#endif

/*
**  here's where the real work's done
*/

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int day, day_1, numdays, i, j;
      unsigned yr, mo;

      if (3 > argc)
            usage();

      yr = atoi(argv[2]);
      mo = atoi(argv[1]);

      if (!mo || 12 < mo)
            usage();

      if (100 > yr)
            yr += 1900;

      if (3000 < yr || 1800 > yr)
            usage();

      for (i = 0, mo -= 1; i < 3; ++i, ++mo)
      {
            if (!mo)
            {
                  mo = 12;
                  --yr;
            }
            if (12 < mo)
            {
                  mo = 1;
                  ++yr;
            }
            numdays = days[mo - 1];
            if (2 == mo && isleap(yr))
                  ++numdays;
            day_1 = (int)((ymd_to_scalar(yr, mo, 1) - (long)ISO) % 7L);

#ifdef MSDOS
            if (!i)
                  puts(topborder);
#endif
            fputs(line, stdout);
            for (j = 0; j < 7; )
            {
                  fputs(daynames[ISO + j], stdout);
                  if (7 != ++j)
                        fputc(' ', stdout);
            }
            printf("%s < %s, %d\n%s", line, month[mo - 1], yr, line);

            for (day = 0; day < day_1; ++day)
                  fputs("    ", stdout);
            for (day = 1; day <= numdays; ++day, ++day_1, day_1 %= 7)
            {
                  if (!day_1 && 1 != day)
                        printf("\b%s\n%s", line, line);
                  printf("%3d ", day);
            }
            for ( ; day_1; ++day_1, day_1 %= 7)
                  fputs("    ", stdout);
#ifdef MSDOS
            printf("\b%s\n", line);
            if (2 > i)
                  puts(midborder);
            else  puts(botborder);
#else
            fputc('\n', stdout);
#endif
      }
      return 0;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ccomcall.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001240�07055333671�016221� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Call undocumented Int 2Eh to invoke COMMAND.COM
**
**  demo by Bob Stout
**
**  NOTES: Dangerous code - will abort batch files in progress and
**         occasionally have other undesirable effects.
**
**         Requires INT2E.ASM
*/

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

extern void _Int_2E(char *);

void C_Com_Call(char *string)
{
        char *buf;

        buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(string) + 3);
        strcat(strcpy(&buf[1], string), "\r");
        buf[0] = (char)strlen(&buf[1]);
        _Int_2E(buf);
        free(buf);
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        C_Com_Call(argv[1]);
}

#endif

����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/resource.lst�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000040702�07055334203�016651� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������The following are a list of resources that I've put together from
recommendations in the FidoNet C_Echo.  These include books,
magazines and compiler vendors.

The format for book entries is as follows:

Author _Title_, ISBN, Publisher, Year, List Price (Comments --
  Recommmended-By)

Prices are in $US unless otherwise specified.  Where a book has been
recommended by multiple persons, I've left off the names that don't
have comments.  Books are in alpha order by author's last name, or
title if the author is unknown or unattributed.  When there is more
than one ISBN or price, the following suffixes will be used:

.p -- paperback
.h -- hardback
.d -- with disk

Magazine information includes the name of the magazine and the address
and subscription rates.

I cannot list information I do not have.  It is possible that some
information may be missing for a particular book.  Comments are
condensed from the messages I got the recommendation from and may or may
not accurately describe the book.   Lest they take over C_ECHO, any and
all additions/corrections/suggestions should be sent to me netmail at
1:106/2000.25.

[DISCLAIMER:  I make no promises real or implied as to the usefulness of
any of the books here listed.  The reason for the 'recommended by' is
to give you some idea of who thought the book was good so you can find
books that are recommended by folks whose messages make particular sense
to you.  (Or folks who forgot to mention author/ISBN/publisher/price so
you can harass them.)  These people are not in any position to promise
you anything, either.]

In response to a request by the FidoNet C_Echo moderator, I'm
soliciting longer blurbs about any and all resources listed here.
Please answer the following questions, either individually, or cover
the answers to most of them in a paragraph or so about the book.

a) Title or other information sufficient for me to determine what
   the heck you're writing about
b) When you last read/looked at the book (if it's been a long time,
   I'll need to take that into account when selecting whose comments
   to use)
c) A brief description.
d) A list of subjects where the book should be listed
e) It's target audience (pick one or more of the following:
   beginner, intermediate, skilled, advanced, expert)
f) Your opinion of the useability/readability/understandibilty of
   the book
g) What types of folks you'd recommend it to
h) What types of folks you'd recommend to pass it by

...and anything you think I forgot.

Your cooperation will be appreciated and your name will be listed as
a contributor.

- J-Mag Guthrie
1:106/2000.25
1:106/1393

----[ Beginning of book list - last updated 8 Oct 1993 ]----------------------

Abramowitz, Milton and Stegun, Irene  _Handbook of Mathematical
  Functions_, 0-486-61272-4, Dover Publications, 1972, $21.95 (Bob
  Jarvis)

Abrash, Michael _Power Graphics Programming_, 0-88022-500-9, QUE, 1989
  (out of print)

_Advanced C Programming_, Brady Publishing Group

Aho, Sethi, and Ullman _Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools_

Atkinson and Atkinson _Using Borland C++_, QUE (Steven Owen)

Banahan, Mike _The C Book_ (Tom Donahue)

Bentley, Jon, _More Programming Pearls - Confessions of a Coder_,
  0-201-11889-0, Addison-Wesley, 1990, $18.25

Bentley, Jon _Programming Pearls_, 0-201-10331-1, Addison-Wesley, 1986,
  $18.25

Bentley, Jon _Writing Efficient Programs_

Booch, Grady  _Object Oriented Design with Applications_, 0-8053-0091-0,
  Benjamin/Cummings Publishing, 1991

Brooks, Fred  _The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering_,
  0-201-00650-2, Addison-Wesley, 1975

Brown, Ralf and Kyle, Jim, _PC Interrupts_, 0-201-57797-6, Addison-
  Wesley, 1991, $32.95

Campbell, Joe  _C Programmer's Guide to Serial Communications_,
  0-672-22584-0, Howard W. Sams & Co, 1987, $26.95 (Does not talk about
  RTS/CTS handshaking [which is] vital for creating a modern terminal
  program. -- Jon Guthrie)

Davis, Stephen R. _Hands-On Turbo C++_, 0-201-57052-1, Addison-Wesley
  (Daniel Lo)

_DOD Programmer's Reference, 3rd Edition_ Que (Robert Johnstone)

Duncan, Ray; Petzold, Charles; Shulman, Andrew; Baker, M. Steven;
  Nelson, Ross P.; Davis, Stephen R.; Moote, Robert _Extending DOS_,
  0-201-56798-9, Addison-Wesley, 1992, $26.95

Ellis, Margaret and Stroustrup, Bjarne  _The Annotated C++ Reference
  Manual_, 0-201-51459-1, Addison-Wesley, 1990, (Bob Jarvis)

Gorlen, Keith E.; Orlow, Sanford M.; and Plexico, Perry S. _Data Abstraction
  and Object-Oriented Programming in C++_, 0-471-92346-X, John Wiley &
  Sons, 1990 (Bob Stout)

Ferraro, Richard _The Programmer's Guide to the EGA and VGA Cards, 2nd
  Edition_ 0-201-57025-4, Addison Wesley, $34.95, CAN$44.95

Foerster, Scott _The Printer Bible_, 0-88022-512-2, QUE Books, 1990,
  $24.95, CAN$31.95, UK#22.95

Goodwin, Mark _Serial Communications in C and C++_, MIS Press, $29.95,
  $49.95d

Hekmatpour, Sharam _C++ - A Guide for C Programmers_, 0-13-109471-8,
  Prentice Hall, 1990

Harbison, Samuel P. and Steele, Guy L. Jr. _C, a Reference Manual (third
  edition)_, 0-13-110933-2, Prentice Hall, 1991

Hogan, Thom  _The Programmer's PC Sourcebook (Second Edition)_,
  1-55615-321-X, Microsoft Press, 1991, $39.95

Holub, Allen _Compiler Design in C_, 0-13-155045-4, Prentice Hall, 1990

Horton, Mark R. _Portable C Software_, 0-13-868050-7, Prentice Hall,
  1990 (Bob Stout)

James, Geoffrey _The Tao of Programming_, 0-981137-07-01-795

Jourdain, Robert and The Peter Norton Computing Group _The Programmer's
  Problem Solver_

Kay, David C., and Levine, John R. _Graphics File Formats_
  0-8306-3059-7.p, 0-8306-3060-0.h, Tab/Windcrest/McGraw-Hill, 1992
  (primarily a file format reference and does not give programming
  examples -- David Harmon)

Kernighan, Brian W. and Ritchie, Dennis M. _The C Programming Language_
  0-13-11-163-3, 0-13-110362-8, Prentice Hall (two editions, informally
  K&R and K&R2)

Knuth, Donald _Sorting and Searching_, Addison Wesley (Knuth is a Vulcan
  -- Terry Carmen)

Kosko, Bert _Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamical Systems
  Approach to Machine Intelligence_, 1992, $56.95 (2 Disks -- Eric Ford)

Koenig, Andrew _C Traps and Pitfalls_, 0-201-17928-8

LaFore, Robert _Turbo C, Programming for the PC_ Waite Group (Ray
  Parker)

Lapin, J.E. (pseudonym) _Portable C and Unix System Programming_,
  0-13-686494-5, Prentice-Hall, 1987 (Bob Stout)

Leblanc, Gerard _Matrise de Turbo C_, Eyrolles Editions (in French --
  Francis Peree)

Lewine, Donald _POSIX Programmer's Guide_, 0-937175-73-0, O'Reilly &
  Associates, Inc., 1991, $34.95

Lindley, Craig A. _Practical Image Processing in C_, 0-471-54377-2 (Joe
  Angert)

Mayer, Bertrand _Object-oriented Software Construction_, 0-13-629049-3,
  Prentice Hall (Mike Taylor)

McCord, James W. _C Programmer's Guide to Graphics_, 0-672-22784-3, SAMS,
  $29.95, $37.95 CAN (Branko Dragicevic)

McGregor, John and Sykes, David  _Object-Oriented Software Development:
  Engineering Software for Reuse_, 0-442-00157-6, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
  1992 (Bob Jarvis)

_Microsoft MS-DOS Programmer's Reference_, 1-55615-329-5, Microsoft
  Press, 1991, $24.95 (Bob Jarvis)

Nance, Barry _Network Programming in C_, Que Books (Steve Cox)

Nelson, Mark _The Data Compression Handbook_, 1-55851-214-4,
  1-55851-216-0 M&T Books, $29.95, $36.95.d  (Oliver Reubens)

Norton, Peter and Wilton, Richard _The NEW Peter Norton Programmer's
  Guide to the IBM PC & PS/2_, 1-55615-131-4, Microsoft Press

Oualline, Steve _Practical C Programming_, 0-937175-65-X, O'Reilly &
  Associates (David Gersic)

Perry, Greg and Johnson, Marcus _Turbo C++ By Example_ 0-88022-812-1,
  Que

Petzold, Charles _Programming Windows 3.1_, 1-55615-395-3, MicroSoft
  Press

Plauger, P. J. _The Standard C Library_, 0-13-131509-9, Prentice Hall,
  1992

Plauger, P. J. _Standard C: Programmer's Quick Reference_,
  1-55615-158-6, Microsoft Press, 1989, $7.95

Press, William H.; Flannery, Brian P.; Teukolsky, Saul A.; and
  Vetterling, William T., _Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific
  Computing_, 0-521-30811-9, Cambridge University Press, 1986

Press, William et. al.  _Numerical Recipes in C_ (the C version of the
  above -- J-Mag)

Qualline, Steve _C Elements of Style_ 1-55851-291-8, M&% Books

Radcliffe, Robert _Encyclopedia C_ 0-89588-655-3 (Microsoft C specific)

Remer, Daniel and Dunaway, Robert _Legal Care for Your Software (4th
  Edition)_,  87337-037-6, RDS Publishing Company, $39.95

Rimmer, Steve _Bit-Mapped Graphics_, 0-8306-3558-0, Windcrest/McGraw-
  Hill

Rimmer, Steve _Supercharged Bit-Mapped Graphics_, 0-8306-3788-5,
  Windcrest/McGraw-Hill

Rose, Charles G. _Programmer's Guide to NetWare_, 0-07-607029-8,
  Mcgraw-Hill

Salone, M. J. _How to Copyright Software_, NOLO Press. (George Milliken)

Schildt, Herbert _Advanced C_, 0-07-881348-4, Osborne McGraw-Hill,
  $21.95

Schildt, Herbert _ANSI C Made Easy_, 0-07-881500-2, Osborne McGraw-Hill,
  $19.95

Schildt, Herbert _ANSI C Made Easy (Spanish)_, 84-76156030, Osborne
  McGraw-Hill

Schildt, Herbert _Artificial Intelligence Using C_, 0-07-881255-0,
  Osborne McGraw-Hill, $24.94

Schildt, Herbert _The Art of C_, 0-07-881-691-2.d, Osborne-McGraw-Hill,
  1991, $39.95.d

Schildt, Herbert _Born to Code in C_, 0-07-881468-5, Osborne
  McGraw-Hill, $28.95

Schildt, Herbert _C: The Pocket Reference_, 0-07-881321-2, Osborne
  McGraw-Hill, $5.95

Schildt, Herbert _C: The Pocket Reference (Spanish)_, 84-76152175,
  Osborne McGraw-Hill

Schildt, Herbert _C: Power User's Guide_, 0-07-881307-7, Osborne
  McGraw-Hill, $22.95

Schildt, Herbert _C: Power User's Guide (Spanish)_, 84-76153813, Osborne
  McGraw-Hill

Schildt, Herbert _C: The Complete Reference_, 0-07-881538-X, Osborne
  McGraw-Hill, $28.95

Schildt, Herbert _C++: The Complete Reference_, 0-07-881654-8, Osborne
  McGraw-Hill, $29.95

Schildt, Herbert _Teach Yourself C_, 0-07-881596-7, Osborn McGraw-Hill,
  $19.95

Schildt, Herbert _Turbo C++: The Complete Reference_, 0-07-881535-5,
  Osborne McGraw-Hill, $29.95

Schildt, Herbert _Using Turbo C++_, 0-07-881610-6, Osborne McGraw-Hill,
  $24.95

Schulman, Andrew, et al.  _Undocumented DOS_, 0-201-570649-5, Addison Wesley,
  1990, $39.95 (one portion of..."et al."...Ralf Brown -- Brian
  Dunworth)

Schwaderer, David _C Programmer's Guide to NETBIOS_ (Dimitri Van de
  Ville)

Sedgewick, Robert _Algorithms in C_, 0-201-51425-7, Addison-Wesley,
  1990

Selby, Samual M. _Standard Mathematical Tables_, The Chemical Rubber
  Company, 1970

Shlaer, Sally and Mellor, Stephen  _Object Lifecycles : Modeling the
  World in States_, 0-13-629940-7, Yourdon Press, 1992 (Bob Jarvis)

Shlaer, Sally and Mellor, Stephen  _Object-Oriented Systems Analysis :
  Modeling the World in Data_, 0-13-629023-X, Yourdon Press, 1988 (Bob
  Jarvis)

Stevens, Al _C Database Development, 2nd Ed._, 1-5528-135-5, MIS Press,
  $24.95, $49.95.d

Stevens, Al _Extending Turbo C Professional_

Stevens, Al _Turbo C Memory Resident Utilities, Screen I/O and
  Programming Techniques_, 0-943518-35-0, MIS Press

Stoltz, Axel _The Soundblaster Book_ 1-55755-164-2, Abacus, 34.95,
  CAN$44.95

Straker, David _C Style: Standards & Guidelines_ 0-13-116898-3,
  Prentice-Hall

Stroustrup, Bjarne _The C++ Programming Language - 2nd Edition_
  (more current than the ARM, but less official -- Bob Stout)

_Supercharged Bitmapped Graphics_ TAB books (Jim Mooney)

Swan, Tom _Learning C++_, 0-672-22785-1, SAMS, 1991 (Comes with working
  demo version of Zortech C++ -- Bram Smits)

Swan, Tom _Mastering Borland C++_, 0-672-30274-8, SAMS, 1992,
  $39.95d (ANSI C, C++, extensive examples and answers for the
  exercises -- Scott Remick)

Tisher, Michael _PC Intern_, 1-55755-145-6 ( Patrick Tousignant)

Tondo, Clovis L., Nathanson, Andrew, Yount, Eden _Mastering Make_,
  0-13-554619-2, Prentice Hall, 1992, $25.75

Traister, Robert J  _Mastering C Pointers_, 0-12-697408-X, Academic
  Press, 1990 (Tom Donahue)

Van Wyk, Christopher J. _Data Structures and C Programs_,0-201-16116-8,
  Addison-Wesley (David Gersic)

Voss, Greg and Chui, Paul (unknown title), 0-07-881526-6,
  Borland/Osborne/McGraw Hill (a C++ tutorial -- Phil Sharp)

_The Waite Group's Essential Guide to ANSI C_, 0-672-22673-1, Howard W.
  Sams, 1989, $7.95, (out of print but worth searching for - the best
  pocket-sized C handbook available -- Bob Stout)

_The Waite Group's New C Primer Plus_, 0-672-22687-1 (Dale Furneaux)

Waite and Prata, _C:  Step by Step_, 0-672-22651-0

Wiener, Richard and Pinson, Lewis  _An Introduction to Object-Oriented
  Programming and C++_, 0-201-15413-7, Addison-Wesley, 1988 $31.68 (Bob
  Jarvis)

Wilton, Richard  _Programmer's Guide to PC & PS/2 Video Systems_,
  1-55615-103-9, Microsoft Press, 1987, $24.95 (Bob Jarvis)

Young, Michael J. _System Programming in Microsoft C_, Sybex (Nhan Tran)

----[ End of book list ]------------------------------------------------------

----[ Begin magazine list ]---------------------------------------------------

DDJ  (Dr. Dobbs Journal)
P.O. Box 56188
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U.S.A.
Canada & Mexico: $45/yr (surface)
Other countries: $70/yr (air)
Domestic (US): #29.97/yr

The C Users Journal
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US discount rate: $29.95/yr
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Other countries: $65/yr (air)

C++ Report
Subscriber Services, Dept CPR
P.O. Box 3000
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Foreign & Canada: $94/yr (air)

AI Expert
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----[ End magazine list ]-----------------------------------------------------

----[ Begin support phone list ]----------------------------------------------

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  Customer Service:
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----[ End support phone list ]------------------------------------------------
��������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/eng.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002124�07055333743�015217� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* ENG.C - Format floating point in engineering notation          */
/* Released to public domain by author, David Harmon, Jan. 1994   */

#include <stdio.h>

char *eng(double value, int places)
{
      const char * const prefixes[] = {
            "a", "f", "p", "n", "", "m", "", "k", "M", "G", "T"
            };
      int p = 6;
      static char result[30];
      char *res = result;

      if (value < 0.)
      {
            *res++ = '-';
            value = -value;
      }
      while (value != 0 && value < 1. && p > 0)
      {
            value *= 1000.;
            p--;
      }
      while (value != 0 && value > 1000. && p < 10 )
      {
            value /= 1000.;
            p++;
      }
      if (value > 100.)
            places--;
      if (value > 10.)
            places--;
      sprintf(res, "%.*f %s", places-1, value, prefixes[p]);
      return result;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
      double w;

      for (w = 1e-19; w < 1e16; w *= 42)
            printf(" %g W = %sW\n", w, eng(w, 3));
      return 0;
}
#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fsm.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001467�07055333770�015244� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  code snippet demonstrating a finite state machine (FSM)
*/

typedef enum {s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,...,sn,sexit} state;

state nextstate;
int done = 0;

nextstate = s0;  /* set up to start with the first state */
while(!done)
   switch(nextstate)
      {
         case s0:
            nextstate = do_state_0();
            break;
         case s1:
            nextstate = do_state_1();
            break;
         case s2:
            nextstate = do_state_2();
            break;
         case s3:
             .
             .
             .
             .
         case sn:
            nextstate = do_state_n();
            break;
         case sexit:
            done = TRUE;
            break;
         default:
            /*  some sort of unknown state */
            break;
      }
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/jdn.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000011727�07055334030�015220� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* jdn.c -- Julian Day Number computation
**
** public domain Julian Day Number functions
**
** Based on formulae originally posted by
**    Tom Van Flandern / Washington, DC / metares@well.sf.ca.us
**       in the UseNet newsgroup sci.astro.
**    Reposted 14 May 1991 in FidoNet C Echo conference by
**       Paul Schlyter (Stockholm)
** Minor corrections, added JDN to julian, and recast into C by
**    Raymond Gardner  Englewood, Colorado
**
** Synopsis:
**      long ymd_to_jdn(int year, int month, int day, int julian_flag)
**      void jdn_to_ymd(long jdn, int *year, int *month, int *day,
**                                                      int julian_flag)
**      year is negative if BC
**      if julian_flag is >  0, use Julian calendar
**      if julian_flag is == 0, use Gregorian calendar
**      if julian_flag is <  0, routines decide based on date
**
** These routines convert Gregorian and Julian calendar dates to and 
** from Julian Day Numbers.  Julian Day Numbers (JDN) are used by 
** astronomers as a date/time measure independent of calendars and 
** convenient for computing the elapsed time between dates.  The JDN 
** for any date/time is the number of days (including fractional 
** days) elapsed since noon, 1 Jan 4713 BC.  Julian Day Numbers were 
** originated by Joseph Scaliger in 1582 and named after his father 
** Julius, not after Julius Caesar.  They are not related to the 
** Julian calendar. 
** 
** For dates from 1 Jan 4713 BC thru 12 Dec Feb 32766 AD, ymd_to_jdn() 
** will give the JDN for noon on that date.  jdn_to_ymd() will compute 
** the year, month, and day from the JDN.  Years BC are given (and 
** returned) as negative numbers.  Note that there is no year 0 BC; 
** the day before 1 Jan 1 AD is 31 Dec 1 BC.  Note also that 1 BC, 
** 5 BC, etc. are leap years.
** 
** Pope Gregory XIII decreed that the Julian calendar would end on 
** 4 Oct 1582 AD and that the next day would be 15 Oct 1582 in the 
** Gregorian Calendar.  The only other change is that centesimal 
** years (years ending in 00) would no longer be leap years 
** unless divisible by 400.  Britain and its possessions and 
** colonies continued to use the Julian calendar up until 2 Sep 
** 1752, when the next day became 14 Sep 1752 in the Gregorian 
** Calendar.  These routines can be compiled to use either 
** convention.  By default, the British convention will be used.  
** Simply #define PAPAL to use Pope Gregory's convention. 
** 
** Each routine takes, as its last argument, a flag to indicate 
** whether to use the Julian or Gregorian calendar convention.  If 
** this flag is negative, the routines decide based on the date 
** itself, using the changeover date described in the preceding 
** paragraph.  If the flag is zero, Gregorian conventions will be used, 
** and if the flag is positive, Julian conventions will be used. 
*/


#ifdef PAPAL                    /* Pope Gregory XIII's decree */
#define LASTJULDATE 15821004L   /* last day to use Julian calendar */
#define LASTJULJDN  2299160L    /* jdn of same */
#else                           /* British-American usage */
#define LASTJULDATE 17520902L   /* last day to use Julian calendar */
#define LASTJULJDN  2361221L    /* jdn of same */
#endif


long ymd_to_jdn(int y, int m, int d, int julian)
{
        long jdn;

        if (julian < 0)         /* set Julian flag if auto set */
                julian = (((y * 100L) + m) * 100 + d  <=  LASTJULDATE);

        if (y < 0)              /* adjust BC year */
                y++;

        if (julian)
                jdn = 367L * y - 7 * (y + 5001L + (m - 9) / 7) / 4
                + 275 * m / 9 + d + 1729777L;
        else
                jdn = (long)(d - 32076)
                + 1461L * (y + 4800L + (m - 14) / 12) / 4
                + 367 * (m - 2 - (m - 14) / 12 * 12) / 12
                - 3 * ((y + 4900L + (m - 14) / 12) / 100) / 4
                + 1;            /* correction by rdg */

        return jdn;
}


void jdn_to_ymd(long jdn, int *yy, int *mm, int *dd, int julian)
{
        long x, z, m, d, y;
        long daysPer400Years = 146097L;
        long fudgedDaysPer4000Years = 1460970L + 31;

        if (julian < 0)                 /* set Julian flag if auto set */
                julian = (jdn <= LASTJULJDN);

        x = jdn + 68569L;
        if ( julian )
        {
                x += 38;
                daysPer400Years = 146100L;
                fudgedDaysPer4000Years = 1461000L + 1;
        }
        z = 4 * x / daysPer400Years;
        x = x - (daysPer400Years * z + 3) / 4;
        y = 4000 * (x + 1) / fudgedDaysPer4000Years;
        x = x - 1461 * y / 4 + 31;
        m = 80 * x / 2447;
        d = x - 2447 * m / 80;
        x = m / 11;
        m = m + 2 - 12 * x;
        y = 100 * (z - 49) + y + x;

        *yy = (int)y;
        *mm = (int)m;
        *dd = (int)d;

        if (*yy <= 0)                   /* adjust BC years */
                (*yy)--;
}
�����������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pushdir.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000012101�07055334172�016115� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  PushDir() and PopDir()
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is an expanded version of the one
**  originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <dos.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include <dir.h>
#else
 #include <direct.h>
#endif

#define DIR_STACK_SIZE  8
#define MAX_FLEN        67

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

#define BOOL(x) (!(!(x)))

/*
**  NOTE: Uses the author's chdrv(), also in SNIPPETS!
*/

int chdrv(int);

static int  PushDir_stack_ptr;
static char PushDir_stack[DIR_STACK_SIZE][MAX_FLEN];

/*
**  PushDir()
**
**  Like chdir(), except a drive may be specified and the old directory
**  is saved.
**
**  Arguments: 1 - newdir, the buffer containing the new directory name
**
**  Returns:  -1 - stack overflow
**             0 - error
**             1 - success, still on same drive
**             2 - success, changed drive
**
**  Side effects: Converts name in newdir to upper case and prepends
**                a drive letter.
**
**  CAUTION: Since a drive will be prepended to newdir, it's buffer
**           should be at at least MAX_FLEN long.
*/

int PushDir(char *newdir)
{
      char pname[MAX_FLEN];
      char drive[3];
      char *target = &pname[2];
      int  new_drv = 0, ercode = 0;
      static int init = 0;

      if (!init)
            PushDir_stack_ptr = init = -1;
      if (DIR_STACK_SIZE <= ++PushDir_stack_ptr)
      {
            ercode = -1;
            goto ErrEx;
      }
      getcwd(PushDir_stack[PushDir_stack_ptr], MAX_FLEN);
      strupr(PushDir_stack[PushDir_stack_ptr]);
      strncpy(drive, PushDir_stack[PushDir_stack_ptr], 2);
      drive[2] = '\0';
      if (':' == newdir[1])
      {     /* If a drive is specified                                  */
            strupr(newdir);
            strcpy(pname, newdir);
            if (strchr(target, ':'))      /* if filename is illegal     */
                  goto ErrEx;
            if (*drive != *newdir)
            {
                  if (ERROR == chdrv(newdir[0] - 'A'))
                  {     /* If the drive is invalid                      */
                        goto ErrEx;
                  }
                  else  new_drv = 1;
            }
      }
      else
      {     /* If a drive isn't specified                               */
            if (!strchr(strupr(newdir), ':'))
            {     /* If legal filename                                  */
                  strcpy(pname, drive);
                  strcat(pname, newdir);
                  strcpy(newdir, pname);
            }
            else
            {     /* If filename is illegal                             */
                  goto ErrEx;
            }
      }

      if (*target)
      {
            if (chdir(target))
            {
                  if (1 == new_drv) /* We already changed drives        */
                        chdrv(*drive - 'A');    /* Go home before exit  */
                  goto ErrEx;
            }
      }
      return (new_drv + 1);
ErrEx:
      --PushDir_stack_ptr;
      return (ercode);
}

/*
**  PopDir()
**
**  Like chdir(), except goes to the drive/directory specified on the
**  top of the PushDir stack.
**
**  Arguments: none
**
**  Returns:  -1 - stack empty
**             0 - error - stack pointer unchanged
**             1 - success, still on same drive
**             2 - success, changed drive
**
**  Side effects: none
**
**  CAUTION: chdir() or chdrv() should not be called between PushDir-
**           PopDir calls.
*/

int PopDir(void)
{
      char I_am_here[MAX_FLEN], target_drv, *target;
      int new_drv = 0;

      if (0 > PushDir_stack_ptr)
            return -1;
      getcwd(I_am_here, MAX_FLEN);
      target = &PushDir_stack[PushDir_stack_ptr][2];
      target_drv = PushDir_stack[PushDir_stack_ptr][0];
      if (I_am_here[0] != target_drv)
      {
            if (ERROR == chdrv(target_drv - 'A'))
                  return 0;
            new_drv = 1;
      }
      if (!chdir(target))
      {
            --PushDir_stack_ptr;
            return (1 + new_drv);
      }
      else  return 0;
}

/*
**  isdir()
**
**  Checks to see if a drive and/or path are a valid directory.
**
**  Arguments: 1 - dir, the buffer containing the new directory name
**
**  Returns: ERROR - push/popdir stack overflow
**           FALSE - not a valid directory
**           TRUE  - valid directory
**
**  Side effects: Converts name in dir to upper case and prepends a
**                drive letter.
**
**  CAUTION: Since a drive will be prepended to newdir, it's buffer
**           should be at at least MAX_FLEN long.
*/

int isdir(char *dir)
{
      int ercode;

      if (-1 == (ercode = PushDir(dir)))
            return ercode;
      if (ercode)
            PopDir();
      return BOOL(ercode);
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/hstr_i.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001635�07055334012�015732� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1986, S.E. Margison
**  Copyright 1989, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version released to the public domain, 1992
**
**  Make an ascii hexadecimal string into an integer.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

unsigned int hstr_i(char *cptr)
{
      unsigned int i, j = 0;

      while (cptr && *cptr && isxdigit(*cptr))
      {
            i = *cptr++ - '0';
            if (9 < i)
                  i -= 7;
            j <<= 4;
            j |= (i & 0x0f);
      }
      return(j);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *arg;
      unsigned int x;

      while (--argc)
      {
            x = hstr_i(arg = *++argv);
            printf("Hex %s = %d\n", arg, x, x);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/log.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000017241�07055334042�015226� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/************************************************************************
* LOG.C - Creates a ASCII file with time and date stamps for logging    *
*         hours.                                                        *
*                                                                       *
*   usage: LOG [IN][OUT][CALC]                                          *
*               IN - Creates an opening entry from which a "time spent" *
*                    is calculated.                                     *
*              OUT - Creates a closing entry and calculates             *
*                    "time spent" for that entry.                       *
*             CALC - Calculates total overall "time spent" for the      *
*                    entire log.                                        *
*                                                                       *
*   NOTES:  I used seconds to do all the calculations. The other        *
*           time/date entries are for human readability. Some           *
*           enhancments can be done to this program.                    *
*           i.e. Wage/Pay calculation, closing the log after a CALC     *
*           to insure log is not reused, tracking hours for individual  *
*           people, tracking hours for individual projects, etc.        *
*                                                                       *
*  Public domain by Robert Sprawls.                                     *
************************************************************************/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

/* Define time file constants   */

#define HOUR        3600        /* Number of seconds in an hour.        */
#define MINS        60          /* Number of seconds in a minute        */
#define IN_ENTRY    40          /* Size of an IN entry                  */
#define SEC_OFF     4           /* Offset of seconds in an IN entry     */
#define HOUR_OFF    64          /* Offset of seconds in an "time spent" */
                                /* calculated entry.                    */

/* Define values returned to DOS */

#define OK          0   /* Executed normally, nothing will be eched */
#define OPENLOG     1   /* Attempted to log in while open entry in log */
#define CLOSEDLOG   2   /* Attempted to log out while closed entry in log */
#define FILE_ERROR  3   /* File access error. Just in case. */
#define SEEK_ERROR  4   /* File positioning error */
#define NOPARMS     5   /* No parameters supplied to program */
#define INVALID     6   /* Invalid parameters */

void    usage( void );
long    get_in_entry( FILE * );
void    fastforw( FILE * );     /* Oppisite of rewind();        */
void    quit( int );

char    strbuf[ IN_ENTRY + 1 ];
FILE    *wrklog;

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    char    outline[ IN_ENTRY * 2 + 1 ];
    long    in_entry_time = 0, total_seconds = 0;
    double  hours, pay;
    time_t  current_time;
    div_t   hdiv, mdiv;

    if( argc < 2 )
    {
        usage();
        quit( NOPARMS );
    }

    /* Open log. Can be any directory.  */
    if(( wrklog = fopen( "WORK.LOG", "a+" )) == NULL )
        quit( FILE_ERROR );

    strupr( argv[ 1 ] );

    time( ¤t_time );

    /* Create an opening IN entry.  */
    if( strcmp( "IN", argv[ 1 ] ) == 0 )
    {
        /* Make sure there isn't a open entry already.  */
        if( get_in_entry( wrklog ) )
            quit( OPENLOG );

        /* Stamp it.    */
        fprintf( wrklog, "%3s %ld %s", argv[ 1 ], current_time,
            ctime( ¤t_time ));
    }
    /* Create a closinf OUT entry.  */
    else if( strcmp( "OUT", argv[ 1 ] ) == 0 )
    {
        /* Make sure there is a previous IN entry.  */
        if( ( in_entry_time = get_in_entry( wrklog )) == 0 )
            quit( CLOSEDLOG );

        total_seconds = current_time - in_entry_time;
        sprintf( outline, "%3s %ld %s", argv[ 1 ], current_time,
            ctime( ¤t_time ));

        /* Cut off the newline character that's normally put on.    */
        outline[ strlen( outline ) - 1 ] = '\0';
        hdiv = div( total_seconds, HOUR );
        mdiv = div( hdiv.rem, MINS );

        sprintf( strbuf, "     Time Spent: %02d:%02d:%02d/%ld\n\n",
            hdiv.quot, mdiv.quot, mdiv.rem, total_seconds );
        strcat( outline, strbuf );
        fprintf( wrklog, outline );
    }
    /* Calculate the overall "time spent"   */
    else if( strcmp( "CALC", argv[ 1 ] ) == 0 )
    {
        rewind( wrklog );
        while( !feof( wrklog ) )
        {
            /* This is to eliminate garbage or residual entries.    */
            outline[ 0 ] = '\0';

            fgets( outline, 80, wrklog );
            if( strstr( outline, "OUT" ) != NULL )
            {
                total_seconds += atol( &outline[ HOUR_OFF ] );
            }

        }

        /* goto to end of file and stamp total hours    */
        fastforw( wrklog );
        if( total_seconds )
        {
            hdiv = div( total_seconds, HOUR );
            mdiv = div( hdiv.rem, MINS );
            fprintf( wrklog, "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  "
                "Total Hours: %02d:%02d:%02d/%ld\n",
                hdiv.quot, mdiv.quot, mdiv.rem, total_seconds );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        usage();
        quit( INVALID );
    }

    quit( OK );
}

void usage( void )
{
    printf( "\nusage: LOG [IN][OUT][CALC]\n");
}

/****************************************************************
* get_in_entry - gets a previous IN entry.                      *
*                                                               *
*  Params: FILES *fp - file pointer.                            *
* Returns: The entry's seconds if successful, else 0            *
*                                                               *
* NOTES: If fseek fails for any reason, function does not       *
*        return. Instead, quit is call with the error code.     *
****************************************************************/

long get_in_entry( FILE *fp )
{

    if( fseek( fp, -IN_ENTRY, SEEK_END ) != 0 )
        quit( SEEK_ERROR );

    fread( strbuf, 1, IN_ENTRY, fp );
    fastforw( fp );

    if( strstr( strbuf, "IN" ) == NULL )
        return( 0 );
    else
    {
        return( atol( &strbuf[ SEC_OFF ]));
    }
}

/****************************************************************
* quit() - Program exit function. Reports of any outstanding    *
*          errors.                                              *
*                                                               *
*  Params:  errcode - Error code as defined in beginning.       *
* Returns:  nothing.                                            *
****************************************************************/

void quit( int errcode )
{
    char *errmsg[] =
    {
        "",
        "Log has an open entry.",
        "No corresponding IN entry.",
        "File open error.",
        "Seek error",
        "No parameters specified.",
        "Invalid Parameters."
    };

    printf( "\n%s\n", errmsg[ errcode ] );

    fclose( wrklog );
    exit( errcode );
}

/****************************************************************
* fastforw() - Puts file pointer to end of file.                *
*                                                               *
*  Params: fp - File pointer.                                   *
* Returns: nothing.                                             *
****************************************************************/

void fastforw( FILE *fp )
{
    fseek( fp, 0, SEEK_END );
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mem.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000033026�07055334076�015231� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  This is a copyrighted work which is functionally identical to work
**  originally published in Micro Cornucopia magazine (issue #52, March-April,
**  1990) and is freely licensed by the author, Walter Bright, for any use.
*/

/*_ mem.c   Fri Jan 26 1990   Modified by: Walter Bright */
/* $Header: /home/cvs/c_cpp_reference/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mem.c,v 1.1.1.1 2000/02/24 23:01:18 tasin Exp $ */
/* Memory management package				*/

#if defined(VAX11C)
#define  __FILE__  "mem.c"
#endif

#include	<stdio.h>
#include	<stdlib.h>
#include	<io.h>

#ifndef MEM_H
#include	"mem.h"
#endif

#ifndef assert
#include	<assert.h>
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#include	<dos.h>
#endif

#if !defined(VAX11C)
#ifdef BSDUNIX
#include <strings.h>
#else
#include <string.h>
#endif
#else
extern char *strcpy(),*memcpy();
extern int strlen();
#endif  /* VAX11C */

int mem_inited = 0;		/* != 0 if initialized			*/

static int mem_behavior = MEM_ABORTMSG;
static int (*fp)() = NULL;	/* out-of-memory handler	*/
static int mem_count;		/* # of allocs that haven't been free'd	*/
static int mem_scount;		/* # of sallocs that haven't been free'd */
static int near mem_exception(); /* called when out of memory */

/* Determine where to send error messages	*/
#ifdef MSDOS
#define ferr	stdout	/* stderr can't be redirected with MS-DOS	*/
#else
#define ferr	stderr
#endif

/*******************************/

void mem_setexception(flag,handler_fp)
#if __cplusplus
enum MEM_E flag;
#else
int flag;
#endif
int (*handler_fp)();
{
    mem_behavior = flag;
    fp = (mem_behavior == MEM_CALLFP) ? handler_fp : 0;
#if MEM_DEBUG
    assert(0 <= flag && flag <= MEM_RETRY);
#endif
}

/*************************
 * This is called when we're out of memory.
 * Returns:
 *	1:	try again to allocate the memory
 *	0:	give up and return NULL
 */

static int near mem_exception()
{   int behavior;

    behavior = mem_behavior;
    while (1)
    {
	switch (behavior)
	{
	    case MEM_ABORTMSG:
#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(__OS2__)
		/* Avoid linking in buffered I/O */
	    {	static char msg[] = "Fatal error: out of memory\r\n";

		write(1,msg,sizeof(msg) - 1);
	    }
#else
		fputs("Fatal error: out of memory\n",ferr);
#endif
		/* FALL-THROUGH */
	    case MEM_ABORT:
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		/* NOTREACHED */
	    case MEM_CALLFP:
		assert(fp);
		behavior = (*fp)();
		break;
	    case MEM_RETNULL:
		return 0;
	    case MEM_RETRY:
		return 1;
	    default:
		assert(0);
	}
    }
}

/****************************/

#if MEM_DEBUG

#undef mem_strdup

char *mem_strdup(s)
const char *s;
{
	return mem_strdup_debug(s,__FILE__,__LINE__);
}

char *mem_strdup_debug(s,file,line)
char *file;
const char *s;
int line;
{
	char *p;

	p = s
	    ? (char *) mem_malloc_debug((unsigned) strlen(s) + 1,file,line)
	    : NULL;
	return p ? strcpy(p,s) : p;
}
#else
char *mem_strdup(s)
const char *s;
{
	char *p;

	p = s ? (char *) mem_malloc((unsigned) strlen(s) + 1) : NULL;
	return p ? strcpy(p,s) : p;
}

#endif /* MEM_DEBUG */

#ifdef MEM_DEBUG

static long mem_maxalloc;	/* max # of bytes allocated		*/
static long mem_numalloc;	/* current # of bytes allocated		*/

#define BEFOREVAL	0x12345678	/* value to detect underrun	*/
#define AFTERVAL	0x87654321	/* value to detect overrun	*/

#if SUN || SUN386
static long afterval = AFTERVAL;	/* so we can do &afterval	*/
#endif

/* The following should be selected to give maximum probability that	*/
/* pointers loaded with these values will cause an obvious crash. On	*/
/* Unix machines, a large value will cause a segment fault.		*/
/* MALLOCVAL is the value to set malloc'd data to.			*/

#if MSDOS || __OS2__
#define BADVAL		0xFF
#define MALLOCVAL	0xEE
#else
#define BADVAL		0x7A
#define MALLOCVAL	0xEE
#endif

/* Disable mapping macros	*/
#undef	mem_malloc
#undef	mem_calloc
#undef	mem_realloc
#undef	mem_free

/* Create a list of all alloc'ed pointers, retaining info about where	*/
/* each alloc came from. This is a real memory and speed hog, but who	*/
/* cares when you've got obscure pointer bugs.				*/

static struct mem_debug
{	struct mh
	{ struct mem_debug *Mnext;	/* next in list			*/
	  struct mem_debug *Mprev;	/* previous value in list	*/
	  char *Mfile;		/* filename of where allocated		*/
	  int Mline;		/* line number of where allocated	*/
	  unsigned Mnbytes;	/* size of the allocation		*/
	  long Mbeforeval;	/* detect underrun of data		*/
	} m;
	char data[1];		/* the data actually allocated		*/
} mem_alloclist =
{
   {	(struct mem_debug *) NULL,
	(struct mem_debug *) NULL,
	"noname",
	11111,
	0,
	BEFOREVAL
   },
   AFTERVAL
};

/* Convert from a void *to a mem_debug struct.	*/
#define mem_ptrtodl(p)	((struct mem_debug *) ((char *)p - sizeof(struct mh)))

/* Convert from a mem_debug struct to a mem_ptr.	*/
#define mem_dltoptr(dl)	((void *) &((dl)->data[0]))

#define next		m.Mnext
#define prev		m.Mprev
#define file		m.Mfile
#define line		m.Mline
#define nbytes		m.Mnbytes
#define beforeval	m.Mbeforeval

/*****************************
 * Set new value of file,line
 */

void mem_setnewfileline(ptr,fil,lin)
void *ptr;
char *fil;
int lin;
{
    struct mem_debug *dl;

    dl = mem_ptrtodl(ptr);
    dl->file = fil;
    dl->line = lin;
}

/****************************
 * Print out struct mem_debug.
 */

static void near mem_printdl(dl)
struct mem_debug *dl;
{
#if LPTR
	fprintf(ferr,"alloc'd from file '%s' line %d nbytes %d ptr x%lx\n",
		dl->file,dl->line,dl->nbytes,mem_dltoptr(dl));
#else
	fprintf(ferr,"alloc'd from file '%s' line %d nbytes %d ptr x%x\n",
		dl->file,dl->line,dl->nbytes,mem_dltoptr(dl));
#endif
}

/****************************
 * Print out file and line number.
 */

static void near mem_fillin(fil,lin)
char *fil;
int lin;
{
	fprintf(ferr,"File '%s' line %d\n",fil,lin);
	fflush(ferr);
}

/****************************
 * If MEM_DEBUG is not on for some modules, these routines will get
 * called.
 */

void *mem_calloc(u)
unsigned u;
{
     	return mem_calloc_debug(u,__FILE__,__LINE__);
}

void *mem_malloc(u)
unsigned u;
{
     	return mem_malloc_debug(u,__FILE__,__LINE__);
}

void *mem_realloc(p,u)
void *p;
unsigned u;
{
     	return mem_realloc_debug(p,u,__FILE__,__LINE__);
}

void mem_free(p)
void *p;
{
	mem_free_debug(p,__FILE__,__LINE__);
}    


/**************************/

void mem_freefp(p)
void *p;
{
	mem_free(p);
}

/***********************
 * Debug versions of mem_calloc(), mem_free() and mem_realloc().
 */

void *mem_malloc_debug(n,fil,lin)
unsigned n;
char *fil;
int lin;
{   void *p;

    p = mem_calloc_debug(n,fil,lin);
    if (p)
	memset(p,MALLOCVAL,n);
    return p;
}

void *mem_calloc_debug(n,fil,lin)
unsigned n;
char *fil;
int lin;
{
    struct mem_debug *dl;

    do
	dl = (struct mem_debug *)
	    calloc(sizeof(*dl) + n + sizeof(AFTERVAL) - 1,1);
    while (dl == NULL && mem_exception());
    if (dl == NULL)
    {
#if 0
	printf("Insufficient memory for alloc of %d at ",n);
	mem_fillin(fil,lin);
	printf("Max allocated was: %ld\n",mem_maxalloc);
#endif
	return NULL;
    }
    dl->file = fil;
    dl->line = lin;
    dl->nbytes = n;
    dl->beforeval = BEFOREVAL;
#if SUN || SUN386 /* bus error if we store a long at an odd address */
    memcpy(&(dl->data[n]),&afterval,sizeof(AFTERVAL));
#else
    *(long *) &(dl->data[n]) = AFTERVAL;
#endif

    /* Add dl to start of allocation list	*/
    dl->next = mem_alloclist.next;
    dl->prev = &mem_alloclist;
    mem_alloclist.next = dl;
    if (dl->next != NULL)
	dl->next->prev = dl;

    mem_count++;
    mem_numalloc += n;
    if (mem_numalloc > mem_maxalloc)
	mem_maxalloc = mem_numalloc;
    return mem_dltoptr(dl);
}

void mem_free_debug(ptr,fil,lin)
void *ptr;
char *fil;
int lin;
{
	struct mem_debug *dl;

	if (ptr == NULL)
		return;
#if 0
	{	fprintf(ferr,"Freeing NULL pointer at ");
		goto err;
	}
#endif
	if (mem_count <= 0)
	{	fprintf(ferr,"More frees than allocs at ");
		goto err;
	}
	dl = mem_ptrtodl(ptr);
	if (dl->beforeval != BEFOREVAL)
	{
#if LPTR
		fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%lx underrun\n",ptr);
#else
		fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%x underrun\n",ptr);
#endif
		goto err2;
	}
#if SUN || SUN386 /* Bus error if we read a long from an odd address	*/
	if (memcmp(&dl->data[dl->nbytes],&afterval,sizeof(AFTERVAL)) != 0)
#else
	if (*(long *) &dl->data[dl->nbytes] != AFTERVAL)
#endif
	{
#if LPTR
		fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%lx overrun\n",ptr);
#else
		fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%x overrun\n",ptr);
#endif
		goto err2;
	}
	mem_numalloc -= dl->nbytes;
	if (mem_numalloc < 0)
	{	fprintf(ferr,"error: mem_numalloc = %ld, dl->nbytes = %d\n",
			mem_numalloc,dl->nbytes);
		goto err2;
	}

	/* Remove dl from linked list	*/
	if (dl->prev)
		dl->prev->next = dl->next;
	if (dl->next)
		dl->next->prev = dl->prev;

	/* Stomp on the freed storage to help detect references	*/
	/* after the storage was freed.				*/
	memset((void *) dl,BADVAL,sizeof(*dl) + dl->nbytes);
	mem_count--;

	/* Some compilers can detect errors in the heap.	*/
#if defined(DLC)
	{	int i;
		i = free(dl);
		assert(i == 0);
	}
#else
	free((void *) dl);
#endif
	return;

err2:
	mem_printdl(dl);
err:
	fprintf(ferr,"free'd from ");
	mem_fillin(fil,lin);
	assert(0);
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

/*******************
 * Debug version of mem_realloc().
 */

void *mem_realloc_debug(oldp,n,fil,lin)
void *oldp;
unsigned n;
char *fil;
int lin;
{   void *p;
    struct mem_debug *dl;

    if (n == 0)
    {	mem_free_debug(oldp,fil,lin);
	p = NULL;
    }
    else if (oldp == NULL)
	p = mem_malloc_debug(n,fil,lin);
    else
    {
	p = mem_malloc_debug(n,fil,lin);
	if (p != NULL)
	{
	    dl = mem_ptrtodl(oldp);
	    if (dl->nbytes < n)
		n = dl->nbytes;
	    memcpy(p,oldp,n);
	    mem_free_debug(oldp,fil,lin);
	}
    }
    return p;
}

/***************************/

void mem_check()
{   register struct mem_debug *dl;

    for (dl = mem_alloclist.next; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
	mem_checkptr(mem_dltoptr(dl));
}

/***************************/

void mem_checkptr(p)
register void *p;
{   register struct mem_debug *dl;

    for (dl = mem_alloclist.next; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
    {
	if (p >= (void *) &(dl->data[0]) &&
	    p < (void *)((char *)dl + sizeof(struct mem_debug)-1 + dl->nbytes))
	    goto L1;
    }
    assert(0);

L1:
    dl = mem_ptrtodl(p);
    if (dl->beforeval != BEFOREVAL)
    {
#if LPTR
	    fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%lx underrun\n",p);
#else
	    fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%x underrun\n",p);
#endif
	    goto err2;
    }
#if SUN || SUN386 /* Bus error if we read a long from an odd address	*/
    if (memcmp(&dl->data[dl->nbytes],&afterval,sizeof(AFTERVAL)) != 0)
#else
    if (*(long *) &dl->data[dl->nbytes] != AFTERVAL)
#endif
    {
#if LPTR
	    fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%lx overrun\n",p);
#else
	    fprintf(ferr,"Pointer x%x overrun\n",p);
#endif
	    goto err2;
    }
    return;

err2:
    mem_printdl(dl);
    assert(0);
}

#else

/***************************/

void *mem_malloc(numbytes)
unsigned numbytes;
{	void *p;

	if (numbytes == 0)
		return NULL;
	while (1)
	{
		p = malloc(numbytes);
		if (p == NULL)
		{	if (mem_exception())
				continue;
		}
		else
			mem_count++;
		break;
	}
	/*printf("malloc(%d) = x%lx\n",numbytes,p);*/
	return p;
}

/***************************/

void *mem_calloc(numbytes)
unsigned numbytes;
{	void *p;

	if (numbytes == 0)
		return NULL;
	while (1)
	{
		p = calloc(numbytes,1);
		if (p == NULL)
		{	if (mem_exception())
				continue;
		}
		else
			mem_count++;
		break;
	}
	/*printf("calloc(%d) = x%lx\n",numbytes,p);*/
	return p;
}

/***************************/

void *mem_realloc(oldmem_ptr,newnumbytes)
void *oldmem_ptr;
unsigned newnumbytes;
{   void *p;

    if (oldmem_ptr == NULL)
	p = mem_malloc(newnumbytes);
    else if (newnumbytes == 0)
    {	mem_free(oldmem_ptr);
	p = NULL;
    }
    else
    {
	do
	    p = realloc(oldmem_ptr,newnumbytes);
	while (p == NULL && mem_exception());
    }
    /*printf("realloc(x%lx,%d) = x%lx\n",oldmem_ptr,newnumbytes,p);*/
    return p;
}

/***************************/

void mem_free(ptr)
void *ptr;
{
    /*printf("free(x%lx)\n",ptr);*/
    if (ptr != NULL)
    {	assert(mem_count > 0);
	mem_count--;
#if DLC
	{	int i;

		i = free(ptr);
		assert(i == 0);
	}
#else
	free(ptr);
#endif
    }
}

#endif /* MEM_DEBUG */

/***************************/

void mem_init()
{
	if (mem_inited == 0)
	{	mem_count = 0;
#if MEM_DEBUG
		mem_numalloc = 0;
		mem_maxalloc = 0;
		mem_alloclist.next = NULL;
#endif
#if defined(__ZTC__) || defined(__SC__)
		/* Necessary if mem_sfree() calls free() before any	*/
		/* calls to malloc().					*/
		free(malloc(1));	/* initialize storage allocator	*/
#endif
		mem_inited++;
	}
}

/***************************/

void mem_term()
{

	if (mem_inited)
	{
#if MEM_DEBUG
		register struct mem_debug *dl;

		for (dl = mem_alloclist.next; dl; dl = dl->next)
		{	fprintf(ferr,"Unfreed pointer: ");
			mem_printdl(dl);
		}
#if 0
		fprintf(ferr,"Max amount ever allocated == %ld bytes\n",
			mem_maxalloc);
#endif
#else
		if (mem_count)
			fprintf(ferr,"%d unfreed items\n",mem_count);
		if (mem_scount)
			fprintf(ferr,"%d unfreed s items\n",mem_scount);
#endif /* MEM_DEBUG */
		assert(mem_count == 0 && mem_scount == 0);
		mem_inited = 0;
	}
}

#undef next
#undef prev
#undef file
#undef line
#undef nbytes
#undef beforeval

����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mem.h������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000014317�07055334077�015241� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  This is a copyrighted work which is functionally identical to work
**  originally published in Micro Cornucopia magazine (issue #52, March-April,
**  1990) and is freely licensed by the author, Walter Bright, for any use.
*/

/*_ mem.h   Fri May 26 1989   Modified by: Walter Bright */
/* $Header: /home/cvs/c_cpp_reference/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mem.h,v 1.1.1.1 2000/02/24 23:01:19 tasin Exp $ */
/* Copyright 1986-1988 by Northwest Software	*/
/* All Rights Reserved				*/
/* Written by Walter Bright			*/

#ifndef MEM_H
#define MEM_H	1

#ifndef TOOLKIT_H
#include	"toolkit.h"
#endif

/*
 * Memory management routines.
 *
 * Compiling:
 *
 *	#define MEM_DEBUG 1 when compiling to enable extended debugging
 *	features.
 *
 * Features always enabled:
 *
 *	o mem_init() is called at startup, and mem_term() at
 *	  close, which checks to see that the number of alloc's is
 *	  the same as the number of free's.
 *	o Behavior on out-of-memory conditions can be controlled
 *	  via mem_setexception().
 *
 * Extended debugging features:
 *
 *	o Enabled by #define MEM_DEBUG 1 when compiling.
 *	o Check values are inserted before and after the alloc'ed data
 *	  to detect pointer underruns and overruns.
 *	o Free'd pointers are checked against alloc'ed pointers.
 *	o Free'd storage is cleared to smoke out references to free'd data.
 *	o Realloc'd pointers are always changed, and the previous storage
 *	  is cleared, to detect erroneous dependencies on the previous
 *	  pointer.
 *	o The routine mem_checkptr() is provided to check an alloc'ed
 *	  pointer.
 */

/********************* GLOBAL VARIABLES *************************/

extern int mem_inited;		/* != 0 if mem package is initialized.	*/
				/* Test this if you have other packages	*/
				/* that depend on mem being initialized	*/

/********************* PUBLIC FUNCTIONS *************************/

/***********************************
 * Set behavior when mem runs out of memory.
 * Input:
 *	flag =	MEM_ABORTMSG:	Abort the program with the message
 *				'Fatal error: out of memory' sent
 *				to stdout. This is the default behavior.
 *		MEM_ABORT:	Abort the program with no message.
 *		MEM_RETNULL:	Return NULL back to caller.
 *		MEM_CALLFP:	Call application-specified function.
 *				fp must be supplied.
 *	fp			Optional function pointer. Supplied if
 *				(flag == MEM_CALLFP). This function returns
 *				MEM_XXXXX, indicating what mem should do next.
 *				The function could do things like swap
 *				data out to disk to free up more memory.
 *	fp could also return:
 *		MEM_RETRY:	Try again to allocate the space. Be
 *				careful not to go into an infinite loop.
 */

#if __cplusplus
enum MEM_E { MEM_ABORTMSG, MEM_ABORT, MEM_RETNULL, MEM_CALLFP, MEM_RETRY };
void mem_setexception P((enum MEM_E, int (*)()));
#else
#define MEM_ABORTMSG	0
#define MEM_ABORT	1
#define MEM_RETNULL	2
#define MEM_CALLFP	3
#define MEM_RETRY	4
void mem_setexception P((int, int(*)()));
#endif


/****************************
 * Allocate space for string, copy string into it, and
 * return pointer to the new string.
 * This routine doesn't really belong here, but it is used so often
 * that I gave up and put it here.
 * Use:
 *	char *mem_strdup(const char *s);
 * Returns:
 *	pointer to copied string if succussful.
 *	else returns NULL (if MEM_RETNULL)
 */

char *mem_strdup P((const char *));

/**************************
 * Function so we can have a pointer to function mem_free().
 * This is needed since mem_free is sometimes defined as a macro,
 * and then the preprocessor screws up.
 * The pointer to mem_free() is used frequently with the list package.
 * Use:
 *	void mem_freefp(void *p);
 */

/***************************
 * Check for errors. This routine does a consistency check on the
 * storage allocator, looking for corrupted data. It should be called
 * when the application has CPU cycles to burn.
 * Use:
 *	void mem_check(void);
 */

void mem_check P((void ));

/***************************
 * Check ptr to see if it is in the range of allocated data.
 * Cause assertion failure if it isn't.
 */

void mem_checkptr P((void *ptr));

/***************************
 * Allocate and return a pointer to numbytes of storage.
 * Use:
 *	void *mem_malloc(unsigned numbytes);
 *	void *mem_calloc(unsigned numbytes); allocated memory is cleared
 * Input:
 *	numbytes	Number of bytes to allocate
 * Returns:
 *	if (numbytes > 0)
 *		pointer to allocated data, NULL if out of memory
 *	else
 *		return NULL
 */

void *mem_malloc P((unsigned));
void *mem_calloc P((unsigned));

/*****************************
 * Reallocate memory.
 * Use:
 *	void *mem_realloc(void *ptr,unsigned numbytes);
 */

void *mem_realloc P((void *,unsigned));

/*****************************
 * Free memory allocated by mem_malloc(), mem_calloc() or mem_realloc().
 * Use:
 *	void mem_free(void *ptr);
 */

void mem_free P((void *));

/***************************
 * Initialize memory handler.
 * Use:
 *	void mem_init(void);
 * Output:
 *	mem_inited = 1
 */

void mem_init P((void ));

/***************************
 * Terminate memory handler. Useful for checking for errors.
 * Use:
 *	void mem_term(void);
 * Output:
 *	mem_inited = 0
 */

void mem_term P((void ));

/* The following stuff forms the implementation rather than the
 * definition, so ignore it.
 */

#if MEM_DEBUG		/* if creating debug version	*/
#define mem_strdup(p)	mem_strdup_debug((p),__FILE__,__LINE__)
#define mem_malloc(u)	mem_malloc_debug((u),__FILE__,__LINE__)
#define mem_calloc(u)	mem_calloc_debug((u),__FILE__,__LINE__)
#define mem_realloc(p,u)	mem_realloc_debug((p),(u),__FILE__,__LINE__)
#define mem_free(p)	mem_free_debug((p),__FILE__,__LINE__)

char *mem_strdup_debug	P((const char *,char *,int));
void *mem_calloc_debug	P((unsigned,char *,int));
void *mem_malloc_debug	P((unsigned,char *,int));
void *mem_realloc_debug P((void *,unsigned,char *,int));
void  mem_free_debug	P((void *,char *,int));
void  mem_freefp	P((void *));

void mem_setnewfileline P((void *,char *,int));

#else

#define mem_freefp	mem_free
#define mem_check()
#define mem_checkptr(p)

#endif /* MEM_DEBUG */

#endif /* MEM_H */
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/lsd.c������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000016075�07055334045�015236� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** LSD - A simple directory lister
** A public domain C demo program by Bob Stout
*/
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <dos.h>
 
/* For portability, make everything look like MSC 6+ */
 
#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include <dir.h>
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define _dos_findnext(b) findnext(b)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define name ff_name
 #define size ff_fsize
 #define wr_time ff_ftime
 #define wr_date ff_fdate
 #define _dos_getdiskfree getdfree
 #define diskfree_t dfree
 #define avail_clusters df_avail
 #define sectors_per_cluster df_sclus
 #define bytes_per_sector df_bsec
#else                                     /* assume MSC/QC              */
 #include <errno.h>
#endif
 
#ifdef TRUE
 #undef TRUE
#endif
#ifdef FALSE
 #undef FALSE
#endif
#ifdef ERROR
 #undef ERROR
#endif
 
enum LOGICAL {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FALSE = 0, TRUE};
 
#ifndef CAST
 #define CAST(new_type,old_object) (*((new_type *)&(old_object)))
#endif
 
#define LAST_CHAR(s) (((char *)s)[strlen(s) - 1])
 
struct DOS_TIME {
        unsigned int ss : 5;
        unsigned int mm : 6;
        unsigned int hh : 5;
        } ;
#define dos_time(t) CAST(struct DOS_TIME, (t))
 
struct DOS_DATE {
        unsigned int da : 5;
        unsigned int mo : 4;
        unsigned int yr : 7;
        } ;
#define dos_date(t) CAST(struct DOS_DATE, (t))
 
/*
**  DOS DIR improved work-alike w/ improved formatting & attribute display
**
**  supports /W switch
*/
 
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i, files = 0, dirs = 0, argptr = 0, errflag = FALSE, cols, drive;
      long siz_tot = 0L;
      char *p, *fname, *ext, name[13], buf[67], numbuf[12];
      struct find_t ff;
#ifndef __ZTC__
      struct diskfree_t df;
#endif
      int one_column(), five_column();
      int (*display)(char *, char *, long, unsigned, unsigned, unsigned)
            = one_column;
      char *sprintfc(char *, long);
      char *capitalize(const char *);
 
      strcpy(buf, fname = "*.*");
      if(argc != 1)   for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
      {
            if ('/' == argv[i][0])
            {
                  if ('W' == toupper(argv[i][1]))
                        display = five_column;
                  else
                  {
                        puts("\aUsage: LSD [/W] [file]");
                        errflag = TRUE;
                  }
            }
            else if (!argptr)
                  argptr = i;
      }
      if (argptr)
      {
            fname = argv[argptr];
            strcpy(buf, fname);
            if ('\\' == LAST_CHAR(buf) || ':' == LAST_CHAR(buf))
                  strcat(buf, "*.*");
            else
            {
                  if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(buf, _A_SUBDIR, &ff))
                  {
                        if (ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR && '.' != *ff.name)
                        {
                              if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(buf))
                                    strcat(buf, "\\");
                              strcat(buf, "*.*");
                        }
                  }
                  else  errflag = TRUE;
            }
      }
      if (':' == buf[1])
            drive = toupper(*buf) - '@';
      else  drive = 0;
      if (!errflag && !(_dos_findfirst(buf, 0xff, &ff))) do
      {
            siz_tot += ff.size;
            if (ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR)
                  ++dirs;
            else  ++files;
            strcpy(name, ff.name);
            if (NULL != (p = strchr(name, '.')) && p != name)
            {
                  *p  = '\0';
                  ext = ++p;
            }
            else  ext = "";
            cols = (*display)(name, ext, ff.size,
                  ff.attrib, ff.wr_date, ff.wr_time);
      } while (SUCCESS == _dos_findnext(&ff));
      else
      {
            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot do directory on '%s'\n", fname);
            exit(-1);
      }
      if (cols)
            fputc('\n', stdout);
      sprintfc(numbuf,siz_tot);
      printf("\n%3d Files totalling %s bytes\n", files, numbuf);
      printf("%3d Director%s\n", dirs, (1 == dirs) ? "y" : "ies");
#ifndef __ZTC__
      _dos_getdiskfree(drive, &df);
      sprintfc(numbuf, (long)df.avail_clusters * df.sectors_per_cluster *
            df.bytes_per_sector);
#else /* if ZTC */
      sprintfc(numbuf, dos_getdiskfreespace(drive));
#endif
      printf("%s bytes free\n", numbuf);
      return 0;
}
 
/*
**  The single column directory entry display function
*/
 
int one_column(char    *name,
               char    *ext,
               long     size,
               unsigned attribs,
               unsigned date,
               unsigned time)
{
      register int i, mask;
      static char *atr = "RHSVDA", szbuf[12];
 
      sprintfc(szbuf, size);
      printf("%-8s %-3s %12s  ", capitalize(name), capitalize(ext), szbuf);
      for (i = 0, mask = 1; i < 6; ++i, mask <<= 1)
      {
            if (attribs & mask)
                  fputc(atr[i], stdout);
            else  fputc('.'   , stdout);
      }
      printf("%4d-%02d-%02d%4d:%02d:%02d\n",
            dos_date(date).mo,
            dos_date(date).da,
            (dos_date(date).yr + 80) % 100,
            dos_time(time).hh,
            dos_time(time).mm,
            dos_time(time).ss);
      return 0;
}
 
/*
**  The five column directory entry display function
*/
 
int five_column(char    *name,
                char    *ext,
                long     size,
                unsigned attribs,
                unsigned date,
                unsigned time)
{
      static int cols = 0;

      printf("%-8s %-3s%s", capitalize(name), capitalize(ext),
            (5 > ++cols) ? "    " : "");
      if (0 == (cols %= 5))
            putchar('\n');
      return (cols);
}
 
/*
**  Display a long int using commas as thousands separators
*/
 
char *sprintfc(char *string, long num)
{
      if (num > 999999L)
      {
            sprintf(string, "%d,%03d,%03d",
                  (int)(num / 1000000L),
                  (int)((num % 1000000L) / 1000L),
                  (int)(num % 1000L));
      }
      else
      {
            if (num > 999L)
            {
                  sprintf(string, "%d,%03d",
                        (int)(num / 1000L),
                        (int)(num % 1000L));
            }
            else  sprintf(string, "%d", (int)num);
      }
      return string;
}
 
/*
**  Capitalize a name or extension in place
*/
 
char *capitalize(const char *string)
{
      int flag = 0;
      char *ptr = (char *)string;
 
      do
      {
            if (isalpha(*ptr))
            {
                  if (flag)
                        *ptr = (char)tolower(*ptr);
                  else
                  {
                        flag = 1;
                        *ptr = (char)toupper(*ptr);
                  }
            }
            else  flag = 0;
      } while (*++ptr);
      return (char *)string;
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/str.h������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000015533�07055334256�015273� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������//
// Simple string class
// Public domain
//
// Written by david nugent
// davidn@csource.pronet.com
// 3:632/348@fidonet
//

# if !defined( _str_h )
# define _str_h 1

# if defined( __BORLANDC__ ) && ( __BORLANDC__ <= 0x0300 )
# define PLACEMENT_NEW_BUG
# define SIGNED_CHAR_BUG
# endif


struct refstr
{
    short _size;
    short _length;
    short _refs;
    refstr (short length, short size)
        : _length(length), _size(size), _refs(1)
        {}
    ~refstr (void) {}
# if !defined( PLACEMENT_NEW_BUG )
    void * operator new(unsigned sz, short allocsz);
# endif
    char * ptr (void)
    {
        return ((char *)this) + sizeof(refstr);
    }
};




class str
{

  public:

        // constructors/destructors

    str (void)
    {
        _strinit();
    }

    str (char const * s, short len =-1)
    {
        _strinit(s, len, -1);
    }

    str (unsigned char const * s, short len =-1)
    {
        _strinit((char const *)s, len, -1);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    str (signed char const * s, short len =-1)
    {
        _strinit((char const *)s, len, -1);
    }
# endif

    str (char c)
    {
        _strinit (&c, 1, -1);
    }

    str (unsigned char c)
    {
        _strinit ((char const *)&c, 1, -1);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    str (signed char c)
    {
        _strinit ((char const *)&c, 1, -1);
    }
# endif
    str (str const & s)
      : strdata(s.strdata)
    {
        ++strdata->_refs;
    }

    ~str (void)
    {
        if (!--strdata->_refs)
            delete strdata;
    }

        // assignment

    str & operator= (str const & s);
    str & operator= (char const * s);
    str & operator= (char c);

    str & operator= (unsigned char const * s)
    {
        return operator= ((char const *)s);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    str & operator= (signed char const * s)
    {
        return operator= ((char const *)s);
    }
# endif

        // primitive members

    short length (void) const
    {
        return strdata->_length;
    }

    short size (void) const
    {
        return strdata->_size;
    }

        // operators

    str & operator<< (char const * s)   // concatenate
    {
        _concat (s);
        return *this;
    }

    str & operator<< (unsigned char const * s)
    {
        _concat ((char const *)s);
        return *this;
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    str & operator<< (signed char const * s)
    {
        _concat ((char const *)s);
        return *this;
    }
# endif
    str & operator<< (str const & s)
    {
        _concat (s);
        return *this;
    }

    str & operator<< (char c)
    {
        _concat (c);
        return *this;
    }

    str & operator<< (unsigned char c)
    {
        _concat (c);
        return *this;
    }

# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    str & operator<< (signed char c)
    {
        _concat (c);
        return *this;
    }
# endif

    char & operator[] (short pos)
    {
        if (pos < 0 || pos >= strdata->_length)
        {
            char * buf = c_ptr() + length();
            *buf = 0;
            return *buf;
        }
        return c_ptr()[pos];
    }

    char * c_ptr (void) const   // not necessarily NUL terminated!
    {                           // Use with caution...
        return strdata->ptr();
    }

    char const * c_str (void) const    // return char*
    {
        char * buf = c_ptr();
        buf[strdata->_length] = 0;
        return buf;
    }

    unsigned char const * u_str (void) const
    {
        return (unsigned char const *)c_str();
    }

        // manipulators

    short insert (short pos, char const * s, short len =-1);

    short insert (short pos, str const & s)
    {
        return insert (pos, s.c_ptr(), s.length());
    }

    short insert (short pos, unsigned char const * s,
                    short len =-1)
    {
        return insert (pos, (char const *)s, len);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    short insert (short pos, signed char const * s,
                    short len =-1)
    {
        return insert (pos, (char const *)s, len);
    }
# endif
    short insert (short pos, char c)
    {
        return insert (pos, &c, 1);
    }

    short insert (short pos, unsigned char c)
    {
        return insert (pos, (char const *)&c, 1);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    short insert (short pos, signed char c)
    {
        return insert (pos, (char const *)&c, 1);
    }
# endif

    short remove (short pos =0, short len =-1);

    short replace (short pos, char const * s, short clen =-1,
                    short len =-1);

    short replace (short pos, str & s, short clen =-1)
    {
        return replace (pos, s.c_ptr(), clen, s.length());
    }

    short replace (short pos, unsigned char const * s,
                    short clen =-1, short len =-1)
    {
        return replace (pos, (char const *)s, clen, len);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    short replace (short pos, signed char const * s,
                    short clen =-1, short len =-1)
    {
        return replace (pos, (char const *)s, clen, len);
    }
# endif
    short replace (short pos, char c, short clen =-1)
    {
        return replace (pos, &c, clen, 1);
    }

    short replace (short pos, unsigned char c, short clen =-1)
    {
        return replace (pos, (char const *)&c, clen, 1);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    short replace (short pos, signed char c, short clen =-1)
    {
        return replace (pos, (char const *)&c, clen, 1);
    }
# endif

    str & left (short len, char padch =' ');
    str & right (short len, char padch =' ');
    str & mid (short pos, short len, char padch =' ');

    short removech (char const * clist ="\r\n");
    short countch (char const * clist);

  protected:

    refstr * strdata;

    // Check to see if big enough for size
    int _chksize (short sz =0);

    int _concat (char const * s, short len =-1);

    int _concat (str const & s)
    {
        return _concat (s.c_ptr(), s.length());
    }

    int _concat (char ch)
    {
        return _concat (&ch, 1);
    }

    int _concat (unsigned char const * s, short len =-1)
    {
        return _concat ((char const *)s, len);
    }
# if !defined( SIGNED_CHAR_BUG )
    int _concat (signed char const * s, short len =-1)
    {
        return _concat ((char const *)s, len);
    }
# endif

  private:
        // Common constructor
    void _strinit (char const * s =0, short slen =0,
                    short siz =-1);

};


str left (str const & s, short len, char padch =' ');
str right (str const & s, short len, char padch =' ');
str mid (str const & s, short pos, short len, char padch =' ');

# endif
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/portable.h�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000012351�07055334142�016260� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*============================================================================

    portable.h   v1.00      Written by Scott Robert Ladd.

    _MSC_VER        Microsoft C 6.0 and later
    _QC             Microsoft Quick C 2.51 and later
    __TURBOC__      Borland Turbo C, Turbo C++, and Borland C++
    __BORLANDC__    Borland C++
    __ZTC__         Zortech C++ and Symantec C++
    __SC__          Symantec C++
    __WATCOM__      WATCOM C
    __POWERC        Mix Power C

    Revised:
    09/14/93  Fred Cole  Moved MK_FP() macro to end of file to avoid
                         redefinition error when dos.h gets included
                         at the in/outport definitions for __TURBOC__
    09/15/93  Thad Smith Add conditional code for TC 2.01
                         Fix findfirst/findnext support for ZTC 3.0
    10/15/93  Bob Stout  Revise find first/next support
    04/03/94  Bob Stout  Add Power C support, FAR
============================================================================*/


/* prevent multiple inclusions of this header file */

#if !defined(PORTABLE_H)
#define PORTABLE_H

/*
**  Correct far pointer syntax
*/

#if defined(__POWERC) || (defined(__TURBOC__) && !defined(__BORLANDC__))
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Directory search macros and data structures

    DOSFileData         MS-DOS file data structure
    FIND_FIRST          MS-DOS function 0x4E -- find first file matchine spec
    FIND_NEXT           MS-DOS function 0x4F -- find subsequent files
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* make sure the structure is packed on byte boundary */

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_QC) || defined(__WATCOM__)
    #pragma pack(1)
#elif defined(__ZTC__)
    #pragma ZTC align 1
#elif defined(__TURBOC__) && (__TURBOC__ > 0x202)
    #pragma option -a-
#endif

/* use this structure in place of compiler-defined file structure */

typedef struct {
      char        reserved[21];
      char        attrib;
      unsigned    time;
      unsigned    date;
      long        size;
      char        name[13];
      } DOSFileData;

/* set structure alignment to default */

#if defined (_MSC_VER) || defined(_QC) || defined(__WATCOMC__)
 #pragma pack()
#elif defined (__ZTC__)
 #pragma ZTC align
#elif defined(__TURBOC__) && (__TURBOC__ > 0x202)
 #pragma option -a.
#endif

/* include proper header files and create macros */

#if defined (_MSC_VER) || defined(_QC) || defined(__WATCOMC)
 #include "direct.h"
 #define FIND_FIRST(spec,attr,buf) _dos_findfirst(spec,attr,\
       (struct find_t *)buf)
 #define FIND_NEXT(buf) _dos_findnext((struct find_t *)buf)
#elif defined (__TURBOC__)
 #include "dir.h"
 #define FIND_FIRST(spec,attr,buf) findfirst(spec,(struct ffblk *)buf,attr)
 #define FIND_NEXT(buf) findnext((struct ffblk *)buf)
#elif defined (__ZTC__)
 #include "dos.h"
 #define FIND_FIRST(spec,attr,buf) _dos_findfirst(spec,attr,\
       (struct find_t *)buf)
 #define FIND_NEXT(buf) _dos_findnext((struct find_t *)buf)
#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    I/O Port Macros

    IN_PORT     read byte from I/O port
    IN_PORTW    read word from I/O port
    OUT_PORT    write byte to I/O port
    OUT_PORTW   write word to I/O port
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include "dos.h"
 #define IN_PORT(port)           inportb(port)
 #define IN_PORTW(port)          inport(port)
 #define OUT_PORT(port, val)     outportb(port, val)
 #define OUT_PORTW(port, val)    outport(port, val)
#else
 #include "conio.h"

 #define IN_PORT(port)           inp(port)
 #define IN_PORTW(port)          inpw(port)
 #define OUT_PORT(port, val)     outp(port, val)
 #define OUT_PORTW(port, val)    outpw(port, val)

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Borland pseudo register macros

    These macros replace references to Borland's pseudo register
    variables and geninterrup() funciton with traditional struct
    REGS/int86 references.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if !defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include "dos.h"

 extern union REGS CPURegs;

 #define _AX CPURegs.x.ax
 #define _BX CPURegs.x.bx
 #define _CX CPURegs.x.cx
 #define _DX CPURegs.x.dx

 #define _AH CPURegs.h.ah
 #define _AL CPURegs.h.al
 #define _BH CPURegs.h.bh
 #define _BL CPURegs.h.bl
 #define _CH CPURegs.h.ch
 #define _CL CPURegs.h.cl
 #define _DH CPURegs.h.dh
 #define _DL CPURegs.h.dl

 #define geninterrupt(n) int86(n,&CPURegs,&CPURegs);
 #define O_DENYALL   0x10
 #define O_DENYWRITE 0x20
 #define O_DENYREAD  0x30
 #define O_DENYNONE  0x40
#endif

#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Pointer-related macros

    MK_FP   creates a far pointer from segment and offset values
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if !defined(MK_FP)
    #define MK_FP(seg,off) ((void FAR *)(((long)(seg) << 16)|(unsigned)(off)))
#endif

#endif
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/vio.h������������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003525�07055334325�015253� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  By: Jim Nutt
*/

#ifndef VIO_H
#define VIO_H

#if __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define _far far
 #define _pascal pascal
#endif

/* initialization and termination functions */

int  _far VIOopen(void);
void _far VIOclose(void);

/* scrolling functions */

void _far VIOscrollright(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);
void _far VIOscrollleft(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);
void _far VIOscrollup(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);
void _far VIOscrolldown(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);

/* screen clear */

void _far VIOclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

/* write to screen */

void _far VIOputc(const char c);
void _far VIOputs(const char far * s);
void _far VIOputr(int x, int y, int w, int h, int _far * b);

/* read from screen */

int _far VIOgetca(const int x, const int y);
int _far * _far VIOgetra(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int _far * b);

/* set colors */

void _far VIOsetfore(const int c);
void _far VIOsetback(const int c);

/* get current color settings */

int  _far VIOgetfore(void);
int  _far VIOgetback(void);

/* set the write cursor */

void _far VIOgotoxy(int x, int y);

/* update the screen and visible cursor */

void _far VIOupdate();

/* get the current write cursor position */

int  _far VIOwherex(void);
int  _far VIOwherey(void);

/* get screen information */

unsigned int  _far VIOsegment(void);

int  _far VIOcolumns(void);
int  _far VIOrows(void);
int  _far VIOmode(void);
int  _far VIOheight(void);

/* set segment information */

void _far VIOsetSegment(unsigned int s);
void _far VIOsetRows(int r);
void _far VIOsetCols(int c);

/* get BIOS cursor location */

void _far VIOcursor(int _far * x, int _far * y, int _far * shape);

#if __cplusplus
} ;
#endif

#endif
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/tp6tod.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003576�07055334307�015677� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** Convert Turbo Pascal 6-byte reals to C double format
** Written by Thad Smith III, Boulder, CO.  12/91
** Tested on TC 2.01, BC++ 2.0/3.0, QC 2.50, Power C 2.0.1, ZTC 3.0
** Contributed to the Public Domain.
*/

#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef TEST
 #include <stdio.h>
#endif

/*
** Specify packed structures.
** Note: This may not work on some compilers.
*/

#if __TURBOC__ > 0x0201
 #pragma option -a-
#elif defined __ZTC__
 #pragma ZTC align 1
#else   /* MSC, WATCOM */
 #pragma pack(1)
#endif

double tp6_to_double(const unsigned char *tp6)
{
      struct {
            unsigned char be  ;     /* biased exponent           */
            unsigned int  v1  ;     /* lower 16 bits of mantissa */
            unsigned int  v2  ;     /* next  16 bits of mantissa */
            unsigned int  v3:7;     /* upper  7 bits of mantissa */
            unsigned int  s :1;     /* sign bit                  */
      } real;

      memcpy (&real, tp6, 6);
      if (real.be == 0)
            return 0.0;
      return (((((128 +real.v3) * 65536.0) + real.v2) * 65536.0 + real.v1) *
            ldexp ((real.s? -1.0: 1.0), real.be - (129+39)));
}

#ifdef TEST

/*
** This test program reads 6-byte values, one per line, in
** 12-digit hexadecimal format from stdin, converts to a double,
** then prints it.
*/

void main(void)
{
      unsigned char c[6];
      int buf[6];
      int i, n;

      for (;;)
      {
            n = scanf (" %2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &buf[0], &buf[1], &buf[2],
                                              &buf[3], &buf[4], &buf[5]);
            if (n <= 0)
                  break;
            for (i=0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                  c [i] = buf[i];
                  printf ("%2.2x", buf[i]);
            }
            printf (" =  %lg\n", tp6_to_double (c));
      }
      return 0;
}

#endif
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/query.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002400�07055334172�015605� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  QUERY.C - Timed query with default for batch files
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int ch = '\0', def_ch = '\0';
      char *prompt = "(y/n) ";
      clock_t start, limit = (clock_t)0;

      if (1 < argc)
      {
            def_ch = toupper(*argv[1]);
            if ('Y' == def_ch)
                  prompt[1] = (char)def_ch;
            else if ('N' == def_ch)
                  prompt[3] = (char)def_ch;
            else  def_ch = '\0';
      }
      fputs(prompt, stderr);
      if (2 < argc)
      {
            start = clock();
            limit = (clock_t)(CLK_TCK * atoi(argv[2]));
      }
      while ('Y' != ch && 'N' != ch)
      {
            while (!kbhit())
            {
                  if (limit && (limit <= (clock() - start)))
                  {
                        ch = def_ch;
                        goto BYE;
                  }
            }
            ch = toupper(getch());
            if ('Y' != ch && 'N' != ch && (1 < argc))
                  ch = def_ch;
      };
BYE:  fputc(ch, stderr);
      fputc('\n', stderr);
      return ('Y' == ch);
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/xtest.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001465�07055334353�015622� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#include <stdio.h>
#include "xfile.h"


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      while (*++argv != 0)
      {
            XFILE *f = xopen(*argv);

            if (f == 0)
                  fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: can't open file %s\n", *argv);
            else
            {
#if 0
                  char *s;

                  fprintf(stdout, "--- %s ---\n", *argv);
                  while ((s = xgetline(f)) != 0)
                        fputs(s, stdout);
                  xclose(f);
#else
                  unsigned int nLines = 0;
                  char *s;

                  while ((s = xgetline(f)) != 0)
                        ++nLines;
                  printf("%5u lines in %s\n", nLines, *argv);
                  xclose(f);
#endif
            }
      }

      return 0;
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/myiodemo.cpp�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000010033�07055334120�016614� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������// Myiodemo.cpp
// This is a trivial program which uses the myio loopback class
// to demonstrate the basics on writing an io interface using
// the AT&T C++ iostream classes.
// The program simply provides the ability to selectively add
// to or read from a Myio instance and display information to
// assist in understanding how it all works.
//

# include "Mystream.h"      // This includes Myio.h and iostream.h
# include "myLine.h"
# include <conio.h>         // For getch()
# include <ctype.h>         // For toupper()
# include <string.h>

# define NL char('\n')

    // Let's do the "application is a class" trick

class myApplication
{
            // Defines a pointer to member function type
            // used for dispatching the menu

    typedef void (myApplication::*pvf) (void);

  public:

    myApplication (void) : mio() {}
    int execute (void);

  private:

    iostream & stream (void) { return mio.stream(); }
    int domenu (void);
    void send (void);
    void read (void);
    void disp (void);
    void peek (void);
    void flsh (void);
    void stat (void);

    pvf choice;     // Function called to execute
    Myio mio;       // IO object

};


void
myApplication::disp (void)
{
    cout << "Mystream status:" << NL
         << "Chrs in output buffer = " << stream().rdbuf()->out_waiting() << NL

         << "Chrs in  input buffer = " << stream().rdbuf()->in_avail()    << NL

         << "Myio object status = "
            << mio.count() << char('/') << mio.size()
            << " LastWrite=" << (mio.writeok() ? "OK" : "Incomplete")
            << " LastRead=" << (mio.readok() ? "OK" : "EOF")
         << endl;
}

    // Request a line and send it to the IO device

void
myApplication::send (void)
{
    cout << NL << "Enter text to write - press <ENTER> when done\n:";
    myLine L;
    cin >> L;
    int l = strlen(L);
    if (!l)
        cerr << "Nothing entered." << endl;
    else
    {
        cout << "Writing '"
             << L
             << char('\'')
             << endl;
        stream() << L << NL;    // Send the entered data, NL terminated
        cout << "Chrs written to Myio object = " << (l + 1) << NL;
        disp ();
    }
}

void
myApplication::read (void)
{
    cout << NL << "Reading a line from object:" << NL;
    myLine L;
    mio.stream().clear();
    mio.stream() >> L;
    int l = strlen(L);
    if (!l)
    {
        cout << "Nothing read." << endl;
        mio.stream().clear();       // Clear EOF status
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "Read '"
             << L
             << char('\'')
             << endl;
        cout << "Chrs read from Myio object = " << (l + 1) << NL;
        disp ();
    }
}

void
myApplication::flsh (void)
{
    cout << NL << "Flushing stream" << endl;
    stream() << flush;
    disp ();
}

void
myApplication::stat (void)
{
    cout << NL << "Myio object buffer dump:" << NL;
    mio.dump();
    disp ();
    stream().rdbuf()->dbp();    // Dump stream info
}

int
myApplication::domenu (void)
{
    cout << NL
         << "W)rite  R)ead  D)ump  F)lush  Q)uit\n"
         << "Select: "
         << flush;      // Need to flush here for portability
    int key;
    for (;;)
    {
        key = getch ();
        switch (toupper(key))
        {
        case 'W': choice = &myApplication::send;    break;
        case 'R': choice = &myApplication::read;    break;
        case 'D': choice = &myApplication::stat;    break;
        case 'F': choice = &myApplication::flsh;    break;
        case 'Q': key = 0;                          break;
        default:
            continue;
        }
        cout << char(key) << endl;
        break;
    }
    return key;
}

int                         // This is really the application
myApplication::execute (void)
{
    while (domenu ())
        (this->*choice) ();
    return 0;
}

int
main (void)
{
    myApplication Demo;     // Declare the application
    return Demo.execute (); // go for it!
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/trapdemo.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002776�07055334307�016273� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Demonstrate TRAPFLAG.ASM
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <int.h>

extern void ins09(void);
extern void undo09(void);

extern volatile int far ccrcvd;

static void biosprt(char *p)
{
      union REGS regs;

      while (*p)
      {
            regs.h.ah = 0x0e;             /* Low-level services only!     */
            regs.h.al = *p++;
            regs.x.bx = 0;
            int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
      }
}

static void far my_cc(void)
{
      char *p1 = "Ctrl-";
      char *p2 = "C";
      char *p3 = "Break";
      char *p4 = " received\r\n";

      biosprt(p1);
      if (1 == ccrcvd)
            biosprt(p2);
      else  biosprt(p3);
      biosprt(p4);
}

main()
{
      unsigned seg, ofs;
      int ch = 0;

      setbuf(stdout, NULL);
      my_cc();
      ins09();
      atexit(undo09);
      puts("New Ints 09h & 1Bh installed...");
      puts("Hit Esc to quit...");
      do
      {
            if (kbhit())
            {
                  if (0x1b != (ch = getch()))
                  {
                        if (0x20 > ch)
                        {
                              fputc('^', stdout);
                              ch += '@';
                        }
                        fputc(ch, stdout);
                  }
            }
            if (ccrcvd)
            {
                  my_cc();
                  ccrcvd = 0;
            }
      } while (0x1b != ch);
}
��c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/errfix.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003006�07055333745�015747� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** ERRFIX.C - redirect stderr to some other file under MS-DOS
**
** by Bob Jarvis
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <process.h>

char *usage = "ERRFIX [filename] [prog] { {parm1} {parm2} ... {parmN} }\n"
              "   Redirects stderr to another file, then invokes a program\n"
              "   which will inherit the new definition of stderr.\n\n"
              "Parameters:\n"
              "   filename (required) - the name of the file stderr should\n"
              "      be redirected to.  Output written to stderr will\n"
              "      be routed to this file instead of the console.\n"
              "   prog (required) - name of the program to be run.\n"
              "   parm1...parmN (optional) - command-line parameters needed\n"
              "      to run the program specified by the 'prog' argument.";

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char **args = argv;

      if (3 > argc)
      {
            printf(usage);
            return 1;
      }

      if (NULL != argv[argc]) /* may be a problem under some compilers */
      {
            args = malloc((argc+1) * sizeof(char *));
            if (NULL == args)
            {
                  printf("Unable to allocate storage");
                  return 2;
            }

            memcpy(args, argv, argc * sizeof(char *));

            args[argc] = NULL;
      }

      freopen(args[1], "w", stderr);

      spawnvp(0, args[2], &args[2]);

      return 0;
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rfind1st.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000012575�07055334204�016204� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  RFIND1ST.C - Our own non-compiler specific find first/next calls
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include        <stdio.h>
#include        <stdlib.h>
#include        <dos.h>
#include        "dirent.h"
#ifndef OS2

/************************************************************************/
/*                                                                      */
/* rfind_1st() - Find first matching file                               */
/*                                                                      */
/* Parameters: 1 - Drive, path and filename of file to be found. May    */
/*                 include wildcards                                    */
/*             2 - Attribute of file to search for. Attributes are      */
/*                 described in the MS-DOS manual. The search strategy  */
/*                 is described under DOS call 0x4Eh.                   */
/*             3 - Disk transfer area buffer. If NULL, one will be      */
/*                 malloc'ed.                                           */
/* Returns: Pointer to a struct DSTRUCT. If error, NULL is returned and */
/*          _doserrno is set to the error #.                            */
/*                                                                      */
/************************************************************************/

struct DSTRUCT *rfind_1st(char *name, unsigned attribute, struct DSTRUCT *dta)
{
      struct DSTRUCT *my_dta;
      union REGS regs;

      if (NULL == dta)
            my_dta = (struct DSTRUCT *)malloc(sizeof(struct DSTRUCT));
      else  my_dta = dta;

      bdos(0x1A, (unsigned)my_dta, 0);    /* set DTA to my_dta          */
      regs.x.ax = 0x4E00;                 /* find first                 */
      regs.x.dx = (unsigned)name;
      regs.x.cx = attribute;
      intdos(®s, ®s);
      if (regs.x.cflag)                   /* if error                   */
      {
            _doserrno = regs.x.ax;
            if (NULL == dta && my_dta != NULL)
                  free(my_dta);
            return (struct DSTRUCT *) NULL;
      }
      return my_dta;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                                                      */
/* rfind_nxt() - Find next matching file                                */
/*                                                                      */
/* Parameters: 1 - Pointer to DSTRUCT structure to use                  */
/*                                                                      */
/* Returns: Pointer to struct DSTRUCT,                                  */
/*          NULL if no more matching files found                        */
/*                                                                      */
/************************************************************************/

struct DSTRUCT *rfind_nxt(struct DSTRUCT *dta)
{
      union REGS regs;

      bdos(0x1A, (unsigned)dta, 0);       /* set DTA to dta             */
      regs.x.ax = 0x4F00;
      intdos(®s,®s);
      if (regs.x.cflag)                   /* if error                   */
      {
            _doserrno = regs.x.ax;
            return (struct DSTRUCT *) NULL;
      }
      return dta;
}

#else

/************************************************************************/
/*                                                                      */
/*  OS/2 Versions follow - poorly tested!                               */
/*                                                                      */
/************************************************************************/

#if OS2 < 2
 typedef USHORT UWORD
#else
 typedef ULONG UWORD
#endif

static HDIR hdir_ptr = DSIR_CREATE;
#if OS2 < 2
 static FILEFINDBUF flist;
#else
 static FILEFINDBUF3 flist;
#endif

static PSZ fname;
static UWORD count = 1;

struct DSTRUCT *rfind_1st(char *name, unsigned attribute, struct DSTRUCT *dta)
{
      struct DSTRUCT *my_dta;
      short retval;

      if (NULL == dta)
            my_dta = (struct DSTRUCT *)malloc(sizeof(struct DSTRUCT));
      else  my_dta = dta;

      fname = (PSZ)name;
#if OS2 < 2
      if (DosFindFirst(fname, &hdir_ptr, attribute, &flist, sizeof(flist),
            &count, 0L))
#else
      if (DosFindFirst(fname, &hdir_ptr, attribute, &flist, sizeof(flist),
            &count, FIL_STANDARD))
#endif
      {
            return NULL;
      }
      else
      {
            my_dta->ATTRIBUTE = (BYTE)(flist.attrFile & 0xff);
            my_dta->TIME      = flist.ftimeCreation;
            my_dta->DATE      = flist.fdateCreation;
            my_dta->FSIZE     = flist.cbFile;
            strcpy(my_dta->NAME, flist.achName);
            return my_dta;
      }
}

struct DSTRUCT *rfind_nxt(struct DSTRUCT *dta)
{
      struct DSTRUCT *my_dta;

      if (DosFindNext(hdir_ptr, &flist, sizeof(flist), & count))
            return NULL;
      else
      {
            my_dta->ATTRIBUTE = (BYTE)(flist.attrFile & 0xff);
            my_dta->TIME      = flist.ftimeCreation;
            my_dta->DATE      = flist.fdateCreation;
            my_dta->FSIZE     = flist.cbFile;
            strcpy(my_dta->NAME, flist.achName);
            return my_dta;
      }
}

#endif
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mainmain.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000120�07055334054�016225� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������main(){char *c="main(){char *c=%c%s%c;printf(c,34,c,34);}";printf(c,34,c,34);}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ndpcheck.asm�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002254�07055334123�016560� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������        page    55, 132

;
;  FUNCTION:  ndp_check
;
;  Require MASM 5.1 or later, or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...
;

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via
                                        ;command line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Mx /Dmemodel=LARGE

        .CODE

control dw      0

;---------------------------------------------------------------
;
; Check for an NDP.
;
;  Returns 0 if no coprocessor
;  Returns 1 if coprocessor present

        PUBLIC  ndp_check

ndp_check       PROC    USES BX
        xor     BX,BX                    ; set up zero return
        fninit                           ; try to initialize the NDP
        mov     byte ptr control+1,0     ; clear memory byte
        fnstcw  control                  ; put control word in memory
        mov     AH,byte ptr control+1    ; if AH is 03h, you got
        cmp     AH,03h                   ;   an NDP on board !!
        jne     SHORT NDPbye
        inc     BX
NDPbye:
        mov     AX,BX
        ret

ndp_check       ENDP

        end
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/addpath.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005133�07055333635�016056� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Append a new directory to the AUTOEXEC.BAT path
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
**  also uses TRIM.C from SNIPPETS
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

char *trim(char *);

#define TAG_1 "set path="
#define TAG_2 "path="

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS} LOGICAL;

#define NUL '\0'
#define LAST_CHAR(s) (((char *)s)[strlen(s) - 1])

#ifdef TESTDIR
 #define ROOT ""        /* While testing, do things in the current dir  */
#else
 #define ROOT "\\"      /* Otherwise, look for AUTOEXEC.BAT in the root */
#endif

LOGICAL addpath(char *newdir)
{
      FILE *autoexec, *tmp;
      char fname[FILENAME_MAX], bakname[FILENAME_MAX];
      char tfname[L_tmpnam], tbakname[L_tmpnam];
      char *ptr;

      strcat(strcpy(fname, ROOT), "autoexec.bat");
      tmpnam(tfname);
      tmpnam(tbakname);

      strcpy(bakname, fname);
      if (NULL != (ptr = strrchr(bakname, '.')))
      {
            if (NULL == strchr(ptr, '\\') && NULL == strchr(ptr, '/'))
                  *ptr = NUL;
      }
      strcat(bakname, ".bak");

      rename(bakname, tbakname);
      rename(fname, bakname);

      if (NULL == (autoexec = fopen(bakname, "r")))
      {
            if (NULL == (autoexec = fopen(fname, "w")))
                  return ERROR;
            fprintf(autoexec, "SET PATH=%s\n", newdir);
            fclose(autoexec);
            remove(tbakname);
            return SUCCESS;
      }
      if (NULL == (tmp = fopen(tfname, "w")))
      {
            fclose(autoexec);
            rename(bakname, fname);
            rename(tbakname, bakname);
            return ERROR;
      }
      else  remove(tbakname);

      while (!feof(autoexec))
      {
            char rline[256 + FILENAME_MAX];
            char tline[256 + FILENAME_MAX];

            if (fgets(rline, 256, autoexec))
            {
                  trim(strcpy(tline, rline));
                  if ((SUCCESS == strnicmp(tline, TAG_1, strlen(TAG_1))) ||
                        (SUCCESS == strnicmp(tline, TAG_2, strlen(TAG_2))))
                  {
                        if ('\n' == LAST_CHAR(rline))
                              LAST_CHAR(rline) = NUL;
                        strcat(rline, (';' == LAST_CHAR(rline) ? "" : ";"));
                        strcat(strcat(rline, newdir), "\n");
                  }
                  fputs(rline, tmp);
            }
      }

      fclose(autoexec);
      fclose(tmp);

      rename(tfname, fname);
      return SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef TEST

main()
{
      printf("addpath(mydir) returned %d\n", addpath("mydir"));
}

#endif
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/file_id.diz������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000326�07055333756�016413� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������The SNIPPETS collection is an archive
of over 300 separate files, over 30,000
lines of mostly C/C++ source code - all
public domain and freeware - which
contains the best answers to "How do
I..."  questions.
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/daynum.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004645�07055333717�015756� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  DAYNUM.C - Functions to return statistics about a given date.
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout - uses Ray Gardner's SCALDATE.C
*/

#include "scaldate.h"

static long jan1date;

/*
**  Determine if a given date is valid
*/

int valiDate(unsigned yr, unsigned mo, unsigned day)
{
      unsigned int days[] = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

      if (1 > mo || 12 < mo)
            return 0;
      if (1 > day || day > (days[mo - 1] + (2 == mo && isleap(yr))))
            return 0;
      else  return 1;
}

/*
**  Return the day of the week
*/

int dow(unsigned yr, unsigned mo, unsigned day)
{
 
#if (!ISO)        /* Sunday(0) -> Saturday(6) (i.e. U.S.) calendars  */
      return (ymd_to_scalar(yr, mo, day) % 7L);
#else             /* International Monday(0) -> Sunday(6) calendars  */
      return ((ymd_to_scalar(yr, mo, day) - 1L) % 7L);
#endif
}

/*
**  Return the day of the year (1 - 365/6)
*/

int daynum(int year, int month, int day)
{
      jan1date = ymd_to_scalar(year, 1, 1);
      return (int)(ymd_to_scalar(year, month, day) - jan1date + 1L);
}

/*
**  Return the week of the year (1 - 52, 0 - 52 if ISO)
*/

int weeknum(int year, int month, int day)
{
      int wn, j1n, dn = daynum(year, month, day);

      dn += (j1n = (int)((jan1date - (long)ISO) % 7L)) - 1;
      wn = dn / 7;
      if (ISO)
            wn += (j1n < 4);
      else  ++wn;
      return wn;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void do_err(void);

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int day, month, year;
      char *days[] =
#if (!ISO)
            {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
             "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
#else
            {"Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday",
             "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"};
#endif

      if (4 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: DAYNUM month day year");
            return;
      }

      month = atoi(argv[1]);
      day   = atoi(argv[2]);
      year  = atoi(argv[3]);
      if (100 > year)
            year += 1900;

      if (!valiDate(year, month, day))
            printf("%d/%d/%d is invalid!\n", month, day, year);
      else  printf("%d/%d/%d is a %s, day #%d in week %d\n", month, day, year,
                  days[dow(year, month, day)], daynum(year, month, day),
                  weeknum(year, month, day));
}

#endif /* TEST */
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/toolkit.h��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003206�07055334305�016135� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  This is a copyrighted work which is functionally identical to work
**  originally published in Micro Cornucopia magazine (issue #52, March-April,
**  1990) and is freely licensed by the author, Walter Bright, for any use.
*/

/*_ toolkit.h   Tue Apr 18 1989   Modified by: Walter Bright */

#ifndef TOOLKIT_H
#define TOOLKIT_H

/* Define stuff that's different between machines.
 * PROTOTYPING		1 if compiler supports prototyping
 * HOSTBYTESWAPPED	1 if on the host machine the bytes are
 *			swapped (1 for 6809, 68000, 0 for 8088
 *			and VAX).
 */

#ifdef MSDOS
#define PROTOTYPING	1
#define HOSTBYTESWAPPED	0

#define BITSPERBYTE 8
#define SIZEOFINT   sizeof(int)
#define SIZEOFLONG  sizeof(long)

#else
#ifdef M_UNIX     /* SCO UNIX using Microsoft C. */
#define PROTOTYPING	1
#define HOSTBYTESWAPPED	0
#define EXIT_SUCCESS	0
#define EXIT_FAILURE	1

#define BITSPERBYTE 8
#define SIZEOFINT   sizeof(int)
#define SIZEOFLONG  sizeof(long)
#else                   /* NOTE: host.h is *NOT* included in SNIPPETS    */
#include	"host.h"	/* Compiler/environment-specific stuff goes here */
#endif

#endif

/* Static definitions do not appear in the linker .MAP file. Override	*/
/* the definition here to make them global if necessary.		*/
#ifndef STATIC
#define STATIC	static
#endif

#define arraysize(array)	(sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))

/* Macros so that we can do prototyping, but still work with non-	*/
/* prototyping compilers:						*/

#if PROTOTYPING
#define P(s)	s
#else
#define P(s)	()
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
#define debug(a)	(a)
#else
#define debug(a)
#endif

#endif /* TOOLKIT_H */
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/doansi_1.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000032317�07055333726�016153� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  DOANSI_1.C - Portable ANSI screen code interpreter
**
**  From DRSK_105.LZH (ansi.c), hereby declared free for use for whatever
**  purposes by author: Mark Kimes
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "doansi.h"

/*
 * to initialize:
 *   call set_screensize(<# lines to reserve>);
 * to print through ansi interpreter:
 *   call ansi_out(<string>);
 */

char               curattr = 7;
int                curx = 0,cury = 0;
int                maxx = 80, maxy = 25;  /* size of ansi output window */
int                realmaxy,realmaxx;     /* real screen size */
char               useansi = 1;           /* while true, interp ansi seqs */
int                tabspaces = 8;
static int         savx,savy,issaved = 0;
static char        ansi_terminators[] = "HFABCDnsuJKmp";

#define MAXARGLEN       128

#define NOTHING         0
#define WASESCAPE       1
#define WASBRKT         2

/* "generic" support functions closely related to ansi_out */

void set_pos (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      int   y,x;
      char *p;

      if (!*argbuf || !arglen)
      {
            curx = cury = 0;
      }
      y = atoi(argbuf) - 1;
      p = strchr(argbuf,';');
      if (y >= 0 && p)
      {
            x = atoi(p + 1) - 1;
            if(x >= 0)
            {
                  curx = x;
                  cury = y;
            }
      }
}

void go_up (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      int x;

      x = atoi(argbuf);
      if (!x)
            x = 1;
      for ( ; x ; x--)
      {
            if (!cury)
                  break;
            cury--;
      }
}

void go_down (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      int x;

      x = atoi(argbuf);
      if (!x)
            x = 1;
      for ( ; x ; x--)
      {
            if (cury == maxy - 1)
                  break;
            cury++;
      }
}

void go_left (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      int x;

      x = atoi(argbuf);
      if (!x)
            x = 1;
      for ( ; x ; x--)
      {
            if(!curx)
                  break;
            curx--;
      }
}

void go_right (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      int x;

      x = atoi(argbuf);
      if (!x)
            x = 1;
      for ( ; x ; x--)
      {
            if (curx == maxx - 1)
                  break;
            curx++;
      }
}

void report (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      /* you figure out how to implement it ... */
}

void save_pos (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      savx = curx;
      savy = cury;
      issaved = 1;
}

void restore_pos (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      if(issaved)
      {
            curx = savx;
            cury = savy;
            issaved = 0;
      }
}

void clear_screen (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      /* needs error checking */

      clearwindow(0,0,maxx - 1,maxy - 1,curattr);
      curx = cury = 0;
}

void kill_line (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      cleartoeol(curx,cury,maxx - 1,curattr);
}


void set_colors (char *argbuf,int arglen,char cmd)
{
      char *p,*pp;

      if (*argbuf && arglen)
      {
            pp = argbuf;
            do
            {
                  p = strchr(pp,';');
                  if (p && *p)
                  {
                        *p = 0;
                        p++;
                  }
                  switch (atoi(pp))
                  {
                  case 0: /* all attributes off */
                        curattr = 7;
                        break;

                  case 1: /* bright on */
                        curattr |= 8;
                        break;

                  case 2: /* faint on */
                        curattr &= (~8);
                        break;

                  case 3: /* italic on */
                        break;

                  case 5: /* blink on */
                        curattr |= 128;
                        break;

                  case 6: /* rapid blink on */
                        break;

                  case 7: /* reverse video on */
                        curattr = 112;
                        break;

                  case 8: /* concealed on */
                        curattr = 0;
                        break;

                  case 30: /* black fg */
                        curattr &= (~7);
                        break;

                  case 31: /* red fg */
                        curattr &= (~7);
                        curattr |= 4;
                        break;

                  case 32: /* green fg */
                        curattr &= (~7);
                        curattr |= 2;
                        break;

                  case 33: /* yellow fg */
                        curattr &= (~7);
                        curattr |= 6;
                        break;

                  case 34: /* blue fg */
                        curattr &= (~7);
                        curattr |= 1;
                        break;

                  case 35: /* magenta fg */
                        curattr &= (~7);
                        curattr |= 5;
                        break;

                  case 36: /* cyan fg */
                        curattr &= (~7);
                        curattr |= 3;
                        break;

                  case 37: /* white fg */
                        curattr |= 7;
                        break;

                  case 40: /* black bg */
                        curattr &= (~112);
                        break;

                  case 41: /* red bg */
                        curattr &= (~112);
                        curattr |= (4 << 4);
                        break;

                  case 42: /* green bg */
                        curattr &= (~112);
                        curattr |= (2 << 4);
                        break;

                  case 43: /* yellow bg */
                        curattr &= (~112);
                        curattr |= (6 << 4);
                        break;

                  case 44: /* blue bg */
                        curattr &= (~112);
                        curattr |= (1 << 4);
                        break;

                  case 45: /* magenta bg */
                        curattr &= (~112);
                        curattr |= (5 << 4);
                        break;

                  case 46: /* cyan bg */
                        curattr &= (~112);
                        curattr |= (3 << 4);
                        break;

                  case 47: /* white bg */
                        curattr |= 112;
                        break;

                  case 48: /* subscript bg */
                        break;

                  case 49: /* superscript bg */
                        break;

                  default: /* unsupported */
                        break;
                  }
                  pp = p;
            } while (p);
      }
}

int ansi_out (char *buf)
{
      int  arglen = 0, ansistate = NOTHING, x;
      char *b = buf, argbuf[MAXARGLEN] = "";

      /* cursor is off while string is being displayed so we don't have
         to keep updating it.  works to our detriment only if using
         BIOS writes under MS-DOS
      */

      hardcursor_off();

      if (!useansi)                       /* is ANSI interp on? */
      {
            ansistate = NOTHING;
            arglen = 0;
            *argbuf = 0;
      }

      while (*b)
      {
            switch (ansistate)
            {
            case NOTHING:
                  switch (*b)
                  {
                  case '\x1b':
                        if (useansi)
                        {
                              ansistate = WASESCAPE;
                              break;
                        }

                  case '\r':
                        curx = 0;
                        break;

                  case '\n':
                        cury++;
                        if (cury > maxy - 1)
                        {
                              scroll_up(0,0,maxx - 1,maxy - 1,curattr);
                              cury--;
                        }
                        break;

                  case '\t':     /* so _you_ figure out what to do... */
                        for (x = 0; x < tabspaces; x++)
                        {
                              put_char(' ',curattr,curx,cury);
                              curx++;
                              if (curx > maxx - 1)
                              {
                                    curx = 0;
                                    cury++;
                                    if (cury > maxy - 1)
                                    {
                                          scroll_up(0, 0, maxx - 1, maxy - 1,
                                                curattr);
                                          cury--;
                                    }
                              }
                        }
                        break;

                  case '\b':
                        if (curx)
                        {
                              curx--;
                        }
                        break;

                  case '\07':     /* usually a console bell */
                        putchar('\07');
                        break;

                  default:
                        put_char(*b,curattr,curx,cury);
                        curx++;
                        if (curx > maxx - 1)
                        {
                              curx = 0;
                              cury++;
                              if (cury > maxy - 1)
                              {
                                    scroll_up(0,0,maxx - 1,maxy - 1,curattr);
                                    cury--;
                              }
                        }
                        break;
                  }
                  break;

            case WASESCAPE:
                  if (*b == '[')
                  {
                        ansistate = WASBRKT;
                        arglen = 0;
                        *argbuf = 0;
                        break;
                  }
                  ansistate = NOTHING;
                  break;

            case WASBRKT:
                  if (strchr(ansi_terminators, (int)*b))
                  {
                        switch ((int)*b)
                        {
                        case 'H':   /* set cursor position */
                        case 'F':
                              set_pos(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'A':   /* up */
                              go_up(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'B':   /* down */
                              go_down(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'C':   /* right */
                              go_right(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'D':   /* left */
                              go_left(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'n':   /* report pos */
                              report(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 's':   /* save pos */
                              save_pos(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'u':   /* restore pos */
                              restore_pos(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'J':   /* clear screen */
                              clear_screen(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'K':   /* delete to eol */
                              kill_line(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'm':   /* set video attribs */
                              set_colors(argbuf,arglen,*b);
                              break;

                        case 'p':   /* keyboard redef -- disallowed */
                              break;

                        default:    /* unsupported */
                              break;
                        }
                        ansistate = NOTHING;
                        arglen = 0;
                        *argbuf = 0;
                  }
                  else
                  {
                        if (arglen < MAXARGLEN)
                        {
                              argbuf[arglen] = *b;
                              argbuf[arglen + 1] = 0;
                              arglen++;
                        }
                  }
                  break;

            default:
                  pos_hardcursor(curx,cury);
                  fputs("\n **Error in ANSI state machine.\n",stderr);
                  break;
            }
            b++;
      }
      pos_hardcursor(curx,cury);
      hardcursor_on(curx,cury);

      return ((int)b - (int)buf);
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/doansi_2.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000011070�07055333730�016140� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  DOANSI_2.C - OS-Specific ANSI screen code interpreter functions
**
**  From DRSK_105.LZH (ansi.c), hereby declared free for use for whatever
**  purposes by author: Mark Kimes
*/

#ifdef OS2

#define INCL_DOS
#define INCL_VIO

#include <os2.h>

int vidhandle = 0;  /* can be changed for AVIO */

void set_screensize (int reservedlines)
{
      VIOMODEINFO vm;

      vm.cb = sizeof(VIOMODEINFO);
      VioGetMode(&vm, vidhandle);
      maxx = vm.col;
      maxy = vm.row - reservedlines;
      realmaxx = maxx;
      realmaxy = vm.row;
}

void pos_hardcursor (int x,int y)
{
      VioSetCurPos(y,x,vidhandle);
}

void hardcursor_off (void)
{
      VIOCURSORINFO vc;

      VioGetCurType(&vc,vidhandle);
      vc.attr = -1;
      VioSetCurType(&vc,vidhandle);
}

void hardcursor_on (int x,int y)
{
      VIOCURSORINFO vc;

      VioGetCurType(&vc,vidhandle);
      vc.attr = 0;
      VioSetCurType(&vc,vidhandle);
      VioSetCurPos(y,x,vidhandle);
}

void put_char (char c, char attr, int x, int y)
{
      VioWrtCharStrAtt(&c,1,y,x,&attr,vidhandle);
}

void scroll_up (int tx,int ty,int bx,int by,char attr)
{
      int attrib = ' ' | (attr << 8);

      VioScrollUp(ty,tx,by,bx,1,(char *)&attrib,vidhandle);
}

void clearwindow (int tx,int ty,int bx,int by,char attr)
{
      int attrib = ' ' | (attr << 8);

      VioScrollUp(ty,tx,by,bx,-1,(char *)&attrib,vidhandle);
}

void cleartoeol (int x,int y,int ex,char attr)
{
      int attrib = ' ' | (attr << 8);

      VioScrollUp(y,x,y,ex,-1,(char *)&attrib,vidhandle);
}

#else

/* MS-DOS -- (urp) */

#include <dos.h>

#if !defined(MK_FP)
 #define MK_FP(seg,off) ((void far *)(((long)(seg) << 16)|(unsigned)(off)))
#endif

static int far *vseg;
int            realmaxy,realmaxx;
char           usebios = 0; /* if true, output through BIOS */

int vmode (void)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.h.ah = 15;
      r.x.bx = 0;
      int86(0x10,&r,&r);
      return r.h.al;
}

void set_screensize (int reservedlines)
{
      union REGS   r;
      unsigned int vbase;

      r.h.ah = 0x0f;
      r.x.bx = 0;
      int86 (0x10, &r, &r);
      maxx = (int) r.h.ah;
      if (maxx < 80)                                  /* gimme a break! */
      {
            r.x.ax = 0x0003;
            int86(0x10,&r,&r);
            maxx = 80;
      }
      realmaxx = maxx;
      r.x.ax = 0x1130;
      r.x.dx = maxy;
      int86 (0x10, &r, &r);
      realmaxy = maxy = (r.x.dx == 0) ? 25 : (r.x.dx + 1);
      maxy -= reservedlines;
      vbase = (vmode () == 7 ? 0xb000 : 0xb800);
      vseg = MK_FP(vbase,0);        /* address of video ram as pointer */
}

void pos_hardcursor (int x,int y)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x0200;
      r.x.bx = 0;
      r.x.dx = ((y << 8) & 0xff00) + x;
      int86(0x10,&r,&r);
}

void hardcursor_off (void)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x0200;
      r.x.bx = 0;
      r.x.dx = ((realmaxy << 8) & 0xff00);
      int86(0x10,&r,&r);
}

void hardcursor_on (int x,int y)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x0200;
      r.x.bx = 0;
      r.x.dx = ((y << 8) & 0xff00) + x;
      int86(0x10,&r,&r);
}

void put_char (char c, char attr, int x, int y)
{
      if(!usebios)
      {
            register int far *v;

             /* point v to right spot in vid RAM */

            v = vseg + ((y * realmaxx) + x);
            *v = (c | (attr << 8));                   /* display */
      }
      else
      {

            union REGS r;

            r.x.ax = 0x0200;
            r.x.bx = 0;
            r.x.dx = ((y << 8) & 0xff00) + x;
            int86(0x10,&r,&r);
            r.h.ah = 0x09;
            r.h.bh = 0;
            r.h.bl = attr;
            r.x.cx = 1;
            r.h.al = c;
            int86(0x10,&r,&r);
      }
}

void scroll_up (int tx,int ty,int bx,int by,char attr)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.h.ah = 6;
      r.h.al = 1;
      r.h.bh = attr;
      r.h.cl = tx;
      r.h.ch = ty;
      r.h.dl = bx;
      r.h.dh = by;
      int86(0x10,&r,&r);
}

void clearwindow (int tx,int ty,int bx,int by,char attr)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.h.ah = 6;
      r.h.al = 0;
      r.h.bh = attr;
      r.h.cl = tx;
      r.h.ch = ty;
      r.h.dl = bx;
      r.h.dh = by;
      int86(0x10,&r,&r);
}

void cleartoeol (int x,int y,int ex,char attr)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.h.ah = 6;
      r.h.al = 0;
      r.h.bh = attr;
      r.h.cl = x;
      r.h.ch = y;
      r.h.dl = ex;
      r.h.dh = y;
      int86(0x10,&r,&r);
}

#endif
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/uuencode.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006227�07055334315�016261� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* uuencode.c */

/*
uudecode and uuencode are easily implemented under MSDOS as well.  Here
are the sources for Microsoft C v3.0, but if you have another kind of C
compiler, there should be perhaps only 1 change -- the output file of
uudecode and the input file of uuencode must be in binary format.
(ie.  binary files, like .EXE files may have byte patterns that are the
same as ^Z, which signals end-of-file in non-binary (text) mode).

    Don Kneller
UUCP:   ...ucbvax!ucsfcgl!kneller
ARPA:   kneller@ucsf-cgl.ARPA
BITNET: kneller@ucsfcgl.BITNET

   patched up for BC++ 3.1 by Alan Eldridge 10/12/92
       (UUCP: alane@wozzle.linet.org, FIDO: 1:272/38.473)

*/

#ifndef lint
#ifndef MSDOS
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)uuencode.c  5.1 (Berkeley) 7/2/83";
#endif
#endif

/*
 * uuencode [input] output
 *
 * Encode a file so it can be mailed to a remote system.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

/* ENC is the basic 1 character encoding function to make a char printing */

#define ENC(c) (((c) & 077) + ' ')

void encode(FILE *in, FILE *out);
void outdec(char *p, FILE *f);
int fr(FILE *fd, char *buf, int cnt);

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      FILE *in;
      struct stat sbuf;
      int mode;

      /* optional 1st argument */

      if (argc > 2)
      {
#ifdef MSDOS
            /* Use binary mode */
            if ((in = fopen(argv[1], "rb")) == NULL)
            {
#else
            if ((in = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL)
            {
#endif
                  perror(argv[1]);
                  exit(1);
            }
            argv++; argc--;
      }
      else  in = stdin;

      if (argc != 2)
      {
            printf("Usage: uuencode [infile] remotefile\n");
            exit(2);
      }

      /* figure out the input file mode */

      fstat(fileno(in), &sbuf);
      mode = sbuf.st_mode & 0777;
      printf("begin %o %s\n", mode, argv[1]);

      encode(in, stdout);

      printf("end\n");
      return 0;
}

/*
 * copy from in to out, encoding as you go along.
 */

void encode(FILE *in, FILE *out)
{
      char buf[80];
      int i, n;

      for (;;)
      {
            /* 1 (up to) 45 character line */

            n = fr(in, buf, 45);
            putc(ENC(n), out);

            for (i = 0; i < n; i += 3)
                  outdec(&buf[i], out);

            putc('\n', out);
            if (n <= 0)
                  break;
      }
}

/*
 * output one group of 3 bytes, pointed at by p, on file f.
 */

void outdec(char *p, FILE *f)
{
      int c1, c2, c3, c4;

      c1 = *p >> 2;
      c2 = ((p[0] << 4) & 060) | ((p[1] >> 4) & 017);
      c3 = ((p[1] << 2) & 074) | ((p[2] >> 6) & 03);
      c4 = p[2] & 077;
      putc(ENC(c1), f);
      putc(ENC(c2), f);
      putc(ENC(c3), f);
      putc(ENC(c4), f);
}

/* fr: like read but stdio */

int fr(FILE *fd, char *buf, int cnt)
{
      int c, i;

      for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
      {
            c = getc(fd);
            if (c == EOF)
                  return(i);
            buf[i] = (char)c;
      }
      return (cnt);
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fndislot.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002057�07055333764�016300� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1990, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version released to the public domain, 1992
**
**  Function to locate an unused user interrupt vector.
*/

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #include <int.h>
#else
 #include <dos.h>
 #ifdef __TURBOC__
  #define GETVECT getvect
  #define FAR far
  #define INTERRUPT interrupt
 #else /* assume MSC */
  #define GETVECT _dos_getvect
  #define FAR _far
  #define INTERRUPT _interrupt
 #endif
 #define FNULL (void (FAR *)())(0L)
#endif

unsigned findIslot(void)
{
#ifdef __ZTC__
      unsigned int_no, seg, ofs;

      for (int_no = 0x60; int_no < 0x6f; ++int_no)
      {
            int_getvector(int_no, &seg, &ofs);
            if (0U == (seg | ofs))
                  return int_no;
      }
#else /* MSC/BC/TC */
      unsigned int_no;

      for (int_no = 0x60; int_no < 0x6f; ++int_no)
      {
            if (FNULL != (void (FAR *)())GETVECT(int_no))
                  return int_no;
      }
#endif
      return 0;
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rg_qsort.c1������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000015240�07055334206�016365� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/******************************************************************/
/* qsort.c  --  Non-Recursive ANSI Quicksort function             */
/*                                                                */
/* Public domain by Raymond Gardner, Englewood CO  February 1991  */
/*                                                                */
/* Usage:                                                         */
/*     qsort(base, nbr_elements, width_bytes, compare_function);  */
/*        void *base;                                             */
/*        size_t nbr_elements, width_bytes;                       */
/*        int (*compare_function)(const void *, const void *);    */
/*                                                                */
/* Sorts an array starting at base, of length nbr_elements, each  */
/* element of size width_bytes, ordered via compare_function,     */
/* which is called as  (*compare_function)(ptr_to_element1,       */
/* ptr_to_element2) and returns < 0 if element1 < element2,       */
/* 0 if element1 = element2, > 0 if element1 > element2.          */
/* Most refinements are due to R. Sedgewick. See "Implementing    */
/* Quicksort Programs", Comm. ACM, Oct. 1978, and Corrigendum,    */
/* Comm. ACM, June 1979.                                          */
/******************************************************************/

#include <stddef.h>                     /* for size_t definition  */

/* prototypes */
void qsort(void *, size_t, size_t,
                           int (*)(const void *, const void *));
void swap_chars(char *, char *, size_t);

/*
** Compile with -DSWAP_INTS if your machine can access an int at an
** arbitrary location with reasonable efficiency.  (Some machines
** cannot access an int at an odd address at all, so be careful.)
*/

#ifdef   SWAP_INTS
 void swap_ints(char *, char *, size_t);
 #define  SWAP(a, b)  (swap_func((char *)(a), (char *)(b), width))
#else
 #define  SWAP(a, b)  (swap_chars((char *)(a), (char *)(b), size))
#endif

#define  COMP(a, b)  ((*comp)((void *)(a), (void *)(b)))

#define  T           7    /* subfiles of T or fewer elements will */
                          /* be sorted by a simple insertion sort */
                          /* Note!  T must be at least 3          */

void qsort(void *basep, size_t nelems, size_t size,
                            int (*comp)(const void *, const void *))
{
   char *stack[40], **sp;       /* stack and stack pointer        */
   char *i, *j, *limit;         /* scan and limit pointers        */
   size_t thresh;               /* size of T elements in bytes    */
   char *base;                  /* base pointer as char *         */

#ifdef   SWAP_INTS
   size_t width;                /* width of array element         */
   void (*swap_func)(char *, char *, size_t); /* swap func pointer*/

   width = size;                /* save size for swap routine     */
   swap_func = swap_chars;      /* choose swap function           */
   if ( size % sizeof(int) == 0 ) {   /* size is multiple of ints */
      width /= sizeof(int);           /* set width in ints        */
      swap_func = swap_ints;          /* use int swap function    */
   }
#endif

   base = (char *)basep;        /* set up char * base pointer     */
   thresh = T * size;           /* init threshold                 */
   sp = stack;                  /* init stack pointer             */
   limit = base + nelems * size;/* pointer past end of array      */
   for ( ;; ) {                 /* repeat until break...          */
      if ( limit - base > thresh ) {  /* if more than T elements  */
                                      /*   swap base with middle  */
         SWAP((((limit-base)/size)/2)*size+base, base);
         i = base + size;             /* i scans left to right    */
         j = limit - size;            /* j scans right to left    */
         if ( COMP(i, j) > 0 )        /* Sedgewick's              */
            SWAP(i, j);               /*    three-element sort    */
         if ( COMP(base, j) > 0 )     /*        sets things up    */
            SWAP(base, j);            /*            so that       */
         if ( COMP(i, base) > 0 )     /*      *i <= *base <= *j   */
            SWAP(i, base);            /* *base is pivot element   */
         for ( ;; ) {                 /* loop until break         */
            do                        /* move i right             */
               i += size;             /*        until *i >= pivot */
            while ( COMP(i, base) < 0 );
            do                        /* move j left              */
               j -= size;             /*        until *j <= pivot */
            while ( COMP(j, base) > 0 );
            if ( i > j )              /* if pointers crossed      */
               break;                 /*     break loop           */
            SWAP(i, j);       /* else swap elements, keep scanning*/
         }
         SWAP(base, j);         /* move pivot into correct place  */
         if ( j - base > limit - i ) {  /* if left subfile larger */
            sp[0] = base;             /* stack left subfile base  */
            sp[1] = j;                /*    and limit             */
            base = i;                 /* sort the right subfile   */
         } else {                     /* else right subfile larger*/
            sp[0] = i;                /* stack right subfile base */
            sp[1] = limit;            /*    and limit             */
            limit = j;                /* sort the left subfile    */
         }
         sp += 2;                     /* increment stack pointer  */
      } else {      /* else subfile is small, use insertion sort  */
         for ( j = base, i = j+size; i < limit; j = i, i += size )
            for ( ; COMP(j, j+size) > 0; j -= size ) {
               SWAP(j, j+size);
               if ( j == base )
                  break;
            }
         if ( sp != stack ) {         /* if any entries on stack  */
            sp -= 2;                  /* pop the base and limit   */
            base = sp[0];
            limit = sp[1];
         } else                       /* else stack empty, done   */
            break;
      }
   }
}

/*
**  swap nbytes between a and b
*/

static void swap_chars(char *a, char *b, size_t nbytes)
{
   char tmp;
   do {
      tmp = *a; *a++ = *b; *b++ = tmp;
   } while ( --nbytes );
}

#ifdef   SWAP_INTS

/*
**  swap nints between a and b
*/

static void swap_ints(char *ap, char *bp, size_t nints)
{
   int *a = (int *)ap, *b = (int *)bp;
   int tmp;
   do {
      tmp = *a; *a++ = *b; *b++ = tmp;
   } while ( --nints );
}

#endif
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rg_qsort.c2������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002057�07055334207�016371� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** quicksort.c -- quicksort integer array
**
** public domain by Raymond Gardner     12/91
*/

static void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
      register int t;

      t = *a;
      *a = *b;
      *b = t;
}

void quicksort(int v[], unsigned n)
{
      unsigned i, j, ln, rn;

      while (n > 1)
      {
            swap(&v[0], &v[n/2]);
            for (i = 0, j = n; ; )
            {
                  do
                        --j;
                  while (v[j] > v[0]);
                  do
                        ++i;
                  while (i < j && v[i] < v[0]);
                  if (i >= j)
                        break;
                  swap(&v[i], &v[j]);
            }
            swap(&v[j], &v[0]);
            ln = j;
            rn = n - ++j;
            if (ln < rn)
            {
                  quicksort(v, ln);
                  v += j;
                  n = rn;
            }
            else
            {
                  quicksort(v + j, rn);
                  n = ln;
            }
      }
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/int2e.asm��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002757�07055334017�016034� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������        PAGE    55,132
        .LIST
;
;       Interrupt 2Eh Call
;
;               From information originally published in
;               PC magazine, April 28, 1987. Requires
;               MASM 5.1 or later.
;
;               Adapted by Bob Stout.
;
;       NOTES:  INT 2Eh passes a formatted command line
;               directly to the resident portion of
;               COMMAND.COM for execution. It functions
;               similarly to the 'EXEC' function in DOS
;               but is generally quicker. This is an
;               undocumented DOS function and is subject
;               to change in future releases of DOS. It
;               also aborts any .BAT file which invokes
;               a program which uses it. Use with care!
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...
;
 
%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via
                                        ;command line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Mx /Dmemodel=LARGE
 
        .CODE
 
        PUBLIC  _Int_2E
 
_Int_2E PROC    USES SI DI DS ES, command:PTR
        Mov     CS:SaveSP,SP
        Mov     CS:SaveSS,SS
    IF @DataSize
        Lds     SI,command
    ELSE
        Mov     SI,command
    Endif
 
        Int     2Eh
 
        Mov     AX,CS:SaveSS
        Mov     SS,AX
        Mov     SP,CS:SaveSP
        Ret
 
SaveSS  Dw      ?
SaveSP  Dw      ?
 
_Int_2E ENDP
 
        End
�����������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rmlead.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001024�07055334212�015700� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1986, S.E. Margison
**  Copyright 1989, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version released to the public domain, 1991
**
**  remove leading whitespace from a string
*/

#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#define NUL '\0'

char *rmlead(char *str)
{
      char *obuf;

      for (obuf = str; obuf && *obuf && isspace(*obuf); ++obuf)
            ;
      if (str != obuf)
            strcpy(str, obuf);
      return str;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rg_isort.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000644�07055334204�016274� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  insort() -- insertion sort an array of string pointers via strcmp()
**  public domain by Ray Gardner   Denver, CO   12/91
*/

void strsort(char **v, int n)
{
      int i, j;
      char *vtmp;

      for (i = 1; i < n; ++i)
      {
            vtmp = v[i];
            for ( j = i - 1; j >= 0 && strcmp(v[j], vtmp) > 0; --j )
                  v[j+1] = v[j];
            v[j+1] = vtmp;
      }
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/c_prec.txt�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000010022�07055333666�016276� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������          Operator Precedence and Associativity Rules in C / C++
 ============================================================================
    ::        scope resolution (C++, e.g. name::member)     left-to-right
    ::        global (C++, e.g. ::name)
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ( )       function call                                 left-to-right
    [ ]       array element
     .        class, structure or union member
    ->        pointer reference to member
    ::        scope access / resolution (C++)
  sizeof      size of object in bytes
  sizeof      size of type in bytes
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ++        post increment (lvalue++)                     right-to-left
    ++        pre increment (++lvalue)
    --        post decrement (lvalue--)
    --        pre decrement (--lvalue)
     ~        bitwise complement
     !        logical not
     -        unary minus
     +        unary plus
     &        address of
     *        contents of
    new       create object (C++)
  delete      destroy object (C++)
  delete[]    destroy array (C++)
  (type)      cast to type
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    .*        member pointer (C++)                          left-to-right
    ->*       pointer reference to member pointer (C++)
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     *        multiply                                      left-to-right
     /        divide
     %        remainder
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     +        add                                           left-to-right
     -        subtract
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    <<        bitwise left shift                            left-to-right
    >>        bitwise right shift
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     <        scalar less than                              left-to-right
    <=        scalar less than or equal to
     >        scalar greater than
    >=        scalar greater than or equal to
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ==        scalar equal                                  left-to-right
    !=        scalar not equal
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     &        bitwise and                                   left-to-right
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     ^        bitwise exclusive or                          left-to-right
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     |        bitwise or                                    left-to-right
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    &&        logical and                                   left-to-right
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ||        logical inclusive or                          left-to-right
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ?  :       conditional expression                        right-to-left
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     =        assignment operator                           right-to-left
              also   +=    -=    *=    /=    %=
                     &=    ^=    |=   >>=   <<=
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     ,        sequential expression                         left-to-right
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

All of the operators in this table can be overloaded (C++) except:

          .     C++ direct component selector
         .*     C++ dereference
         ::     C++ scope access/resolution
         ?:     Conditional
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/vidport.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004636�07055334321�016140� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Portable PC screen functions
**  Public domain by Bob Stout
**  Uses SCROLL.C, also from SNIPPETS
*/
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include "scrnmacs.h"         /* Also in SNIPPETS     */

void GotoXY(int col, int row)
{
      union REGS regs;

      setbuf(stdout, NULL);
      regs.h.dh = (unsigned)row;
      regs.h.dl = (unsigned)col;
      regs.h.bh = VIDPAGE;
      regs.h.ah = 2;
      int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
}

void ClrScrn(int vattrib)
{
      scroll(SCROLL_UP, 0, vattrib, 0, 0, SCREENROWS, SCREENCOLS);
      GotoXY(0, 0);                     /* Home cursor  */
}

void GetCurPos(int *col, int *row)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x03;
      regs.h.bh = VIDPAGE;
      int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
      *row = regs.h.dh;
      *col = regs.h.dl;
}

int GetCurAtr(void)
{
      int row, col;
      unsigned short chat;

      GetCurPos(&col, &row);
      chat = *((unsigned FAR *)MK_FP(SCREENSEG,
            (row * SCREENCOLS + col) << 1));
      return (chat >> 8);
}

void ClrEol(void)
{
      int row, col;

      GetCurPos(&col, &row);
      scroll(0, 0, GetCurAtr(), row, col, row, SCREENCOLS);
}

void ClrEop(void)
{
      int row, col;

      GetCurPos(&col, &row);
      ClrEol();
      if (++row < SCREENROWS)
            scroll(0, 0, GetCurAtr(), row, 0, SCREENROWS, SCREENCOLS);
}

void Repaint(int vattrib)
{
      unsigned short FAR *screen = SCRBUFF;
      int row, col;

      for (row = 0; row < SCREENROWS; ++row)
      {
            for (col = 0; col < SCREENCOLS; ++col, ++screen)
                  *screen = (*screen & 0xff) + (vattrib << 8);
      }
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <conio.h>

/*
**  Run this test with a screenful of misc. stuff
*/

main()
{
      int vatr = GetCurAtr();

      GotoXY(1, 1);
      fputs("Testing ClrEol()", stderr);
      ClrEol();
      fputs("\nHit any key to continue...\n", stderr);
      getch();
      fputs("Testing ClrEop()", stderr);
      ClrEop();
      fputs("\nHit any key to continue...\n", stderr);
      getch();
      ClrScrn(vatr);
      GotoXY(0, 0);
      fputs("ClrScrn() tested", stderr);
      fputs("\nHit any key to continue...\n", stderr);
      getch();
      Repaint(BG_(CYAN) | BLACK);
      fputs("Repaint() tested", stderr);
      fputs("\nHit any key to continue...\n", stderr);
      getch();
      Repaint(vatr);
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/filcount.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004573�07055333756�016307� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FILCOUNT.C - counts directories and /or files in a directory
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#undef TRUE
#undef FALSE
typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #include <dos.h>
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include <dir.h>
 #include <dos.h>
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define _dos_findnext(b) findnext(b)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define name ff_name
#else                   /* assume MSC/QC                                */
 #include <dos.h>
 #include <errno.h>
#endif

#undef SUCCESS
#define SUCCESS 0

#define LAST_CHAR(str) (str)[strlen(str) - 1]

unsigned DirCount = 0, FileCount = 0;

/*
**  Arguments: 1 - directory to search
**             2 - search subdirectories: TRUE or FALSE
*/

void do_dir(char *path, int recurse_flag)
{
      char search[67], new[67];
      struct find_t ff;

      strcpy(search, path);
      if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(search))
            strcat(search, "\\");
      strcat(search, "*.*");
      if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(search, 0xff, &ff)) do
      {
            if ('.' == *ff.name)
                  continue;
            if (ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR)
            {
                  DirCount++;
                  if (recurse_flag)
                  {
                        strcpy(new, path);
                        if  ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(new))
                              strcat(new, "\\");
                        strcat(new, ff.name);
                        do_dir(new, recurse_flag);
                  }
            }
            else  FileCount++;
      } while (SUCCESS == _dos_findnext(&ff));
}

/*
**  Simple resursive file/directory counter
**
**  Usage: FILCOUNT [path_name] [{Y | N}]
**
**  Notes: 1. If a path name isn't specified, the current directory is assumed
**         2. Default recursion flag is FALSE
**         3. Path must be specified in order to specify the recursion flag
*/

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *Dir =".";
      LOGICAL recurse = FALSE;

      if (1 < argc)
            Dir = argv[1];
      if (2 < argc)
            recurse = (NULL != strchr("Yy", *argv[2]));
      do_dir(Dir, recurse);
      printf("Counted: %d Directories and %d Files\n",
              DirCount, FileCount);
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/roman.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003471�07055334212�015560� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 *
 *        ROMAN.C  -  Converts integers to Roman numerals
 *
 *             Written by:  Jim Walsh
 *
 *             Compiler  :  Microsoft QuickC v2.5
 *
 *        This Program Is Released To The Public Domain
 *
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    int value, dvalue;
    char roman[80];
    roman[0] = '\0';
    if( argc == 2 )
        value = atoi( argv[1] );
    else
    {
        printf( "\nEnter an integer value: " );
        scanf( "%d", &value );
    }
    dvalue = value;
    while( value >= 1000 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "M" );
        value -= 1000;
    }
    if( value >= 900 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "CM" );
        value -= 900;
    }
    while( value >= 500 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "D" );
        value -= 500;
    }
    if( value >= 400 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "CD" );
        value -= 400;
    }
    while( value >= 100 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "C" );
        value -= 100;
    }
    if( value >= 90 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "XC" );
        value -= 90;
    }
    while( value >= 50 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "L" );
        value -= 50;
    }
    if( value >= 40 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "XL" );
        value -= 40;
    }
    while( value >= 10 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "X" );
        value -= 10;
    }
    if( value >= 9 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "IX" );
        value -= 9;
    }
    while( value >= 5 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "V" );
        value -= 5;
    }
    if( value >= 4 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "IV" );
        value -= 4;
    }
    while( value > 0 )
    {
        strcat( roman, "I" );
        value--;
    }
    printf( "\n%d = %s\n", dvalue, roman );
    return(0);
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strrepl.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003744�07055334266�016153� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   Module:     REPLACE.C
   Author:     Gilles Kohl
   Started:    09.06.1992   12:16:47
   Modified:   09.06.1992   12:41:41
   Subject:    Replace one string by another in a given buffer.
               This code is public domain. Use freely.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/*
 * StrReplace: Replace OldStr by NewStr in string Str.
 *
 * Str should have enough allocated space for the replacement, no check
 * is made for this. Str and OldStr/NewStr should not overlap.
 * The empty string ("") is found at the beginning of every string.
 *
 * Returns: pointer to first location behind where NewStr was inserted
 * or NULL if OldStr was not found.
 * This is useful for multiple replacements, see example in main() below
 * (be careful not to replace the empty string this way !)
 */

char *StrReplace(char *Str, char *OldStr, char *NewStr)
{
      int OldLen, NewLen;
      char *p, *q;

      if(NULL == (p = strstr(Str, OldStr)))
            return p;
      OldLen = strlen(OldStr);
      NewLen = strlen(NewStr);
      memmove(q = p+NewLen, p+OldLen, strlen(p+OldLen)+1);
      memcpy(p, NewStr, NewLen);
      return q;
}

#ifdef TEST

/*
 * Test main().
 * Given two arguments, replaces the first arg. in the lines read from
 * stdin by the second one.
 * Example invocation:
 * replace printf puts <replace.c
 * will replace all printf's by puts in replace's source.
 *
 */

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char buf[200];
      char *Start;

      if(argc != 3)
            exit(1);

      /* Repeat until all occurences replaced */

      while(NULL != (Start = gets(buf)))
      {
            while(NULL != (Start = StrReplace(Start, argv[1], argv[2])))
                  ;
            printf("%s\n", buf);
      }
      return 0;
}

#endif TEST
����������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/round.h����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000342�07055334212�015572� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** rounding macros by Dave Knapp & Thad Smith
*/

/* round to integer */

#define iround(x) floor((x)+0.5)

/* round number n to d decimal points */

#define fround(n,d) (floor((n)*pow(10.,(d))+.5)/pow(10.,(d)))
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/todaybak.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004336�07055334305�016246� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  TODAYBAK.C - Back up today's work to a specified floppy
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dos.h>

#if defined(__ZTC__) && (__ZTC__ < 0x600)
 #define _dos_getdate   dos_getdate
 #define _dos_setdate   dos_setdate
 #define _dosdate_t     dos_date_t
#endif
#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define _dosdate_t     dosdate_t
#endif

#ifndef SUCCESS
 #define SUCCESS 0
#endif
 
#ifndef CAST
 #define CAST(new_type,old_object) (*((new_type *)&(old_object)))
#endif
 
#define LAST_CHAR(s) (((char *)s)[strlen(s) - 1])
 
struct DOS_DATE {
        unsigned int da : 5;
        unsigned int mo : 4;
        unsigned int yr : 7;
        } ;

struct _dosdate_t today;
struct DOS_DATE   ftoday;
char   drive;

void do_dir(char *);
void usage(void);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i;

      _dos_getdate(&today);
      ftoday.da = today.day;
      ftoday.mo = today.month;
      ftoday.yr = today.year - 1980;

      if (2 > argc)
            usage();

      drive = *argv[1];
      if (!strchr("AaBb", drive))
            usage();

      if (3 > argc)
            do_dir(".");
      else for (i = 2; i < argc; ++i)
            do_dir(argv[i]);

      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void usage(void)
{
      puts("usage: TODAYBAK floppy [dir1] [...dirN]");
      puts("       Copies today's files to the specified floppy.");
      puts("       floppy = 'A' | 'B'");
      puts("       with no directories specified, "
            "uses current directory");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void do_dir(char *path)
{
      char search[67];
      struct find_t ff;

      strcat(strcpy(search, path), "\\*.*");
      if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(search, 0xff, &ff)) do
      {
            if (!(ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR) && '.' != *ff.name)
            {
                  if (ff.wr_date == CAST(unsigned short, ftoday))
                  {
                        char cmd[128];

                        sprintf(cmd, "COPY %s\\%s %c: > NUL",
                              path, ff.name, drive);
                        system(cmd);
                  }
            }
      } while (SUCCESS == _dos_findnext(&ff));
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/toascii.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004576�07055334304�016110� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������int ascii2ebcdic[256] = {
          0,  1,  2,  3, 55, 45, 46, 47, 22,  5, 37, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
         16, 17, 18, 19, 60, 61, 50, 38, 24, 25, 63, 39, 28, 29, 30, 31,
         64, 79,127,123, 91,108, 80,125, 77, 93, 92, 78,107, 96, 75, 97,
        240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,122, 94, 76,126,110,111,
        124,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,209,210,211,212,213,214,
        215,216,217,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233, 74,224, 90, 95,109,
        121,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,145,146,147,148,149,150,
        151,152,153,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,192,106,208,161,  7,
         32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 21,  6, 23, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,  9, 10, 27,
         48, 49, 26, 51, 52, 53, 54,  8, 56, 57, 58, 59,  4, 20, 62,225,
         65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
         88, 89, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,112,113,114,115,116,117,
        118,119,120,128,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,154,155,156,157,158,
        159,160,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,
        184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,202,203,204,205,206,207,218,219,
        220,221,222,223,234,235,236,237,238,239,250,251,252,253,254,255
};

int ebcdic2ascii[256] = {
          0,  1,  2,  3,156,  9,134,127,151,141,142, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
         16, 17, 18, 19,157,133,  8,135, 24, 25,146,143, 28, 29, 30, 31,
        128,129,130,131,132, 10, 23, 27,136,137,138,139,140,  5,  6,  7,
        144,145, 22,147,148,149,150,  4,152,153,154,155, 20, 21,158, 26,
         32,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168, 91, 46, 60, 40, 43, 33,
         38,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177, 93, 36, 42, 41, 59, 94,
         45, 47,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,124, 44, 37, 95, 62, 63,
        186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194, 96, 58, 35, 64, 39, 61, 34,
        195, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,196,197,198,199,200,201,
        202,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,203,204,205,206,207,208,
        209,126,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,210,211,212,213,214,215,
        216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,
        123, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,232,233,234,235,236,237,
        125, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82,238,239,240,241,242,243,
         92,159, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,244,245,246,247,248,249,
         48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,250,251,252,253,254,255
};
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dirent.h���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005032�07055333721�015735� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  DIRENT.H - Posix compliant header
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#ifndef DIRENT_H
#define DIRENT_H

#include <stdio.h>                        /* For FILENAME_MAX     */
#include <dos.h>

#ifndef OS2
 #if defined(__ZTC__)
  #define DSTRUCT       FIND              /* ZTC++/SC++           */
  #define ATTRIBUTE     attribute
  #define NAME          name
  #define TIME          time
  #define DATE          date
  #define FSIZE         size
  #pragma pack(1)
  #include <direct.h>
 #elif defined(__TURBOC__)
  #define DSTRUCT       ffblk             /* TC/C++               */
  #define ATTRIBUTE     ff_attrib
  #define NAME          ff_name
  #define TIME          ff_ftime
  #define DATE          ff_fdate
  #define FSIZE         ff_fsize
  #include <dir.h>
 #else
  #define DSTRUCT       find_t            /* Assume MSC/QC        */
  #define ATTRIBUTE     attrib
  #define NAME          name
  #define TIME          time
  #define DATE          date
  #define FSIZE         size
  #pragma pack(1)
  #include <direct.h>
 #endif
#else                                     /* OS/2                 */
 #define INCL_DOSFILEMAN
 #include <os2.h>
 struct DSTRUCT {
       BYTE  reserved[21];
       BYTE  ATTRIBUTE;
       FTIME TIME;
       FDATE DATE;
       ULONG FSIZE;
       CHAR  NAME[13];
 };
#endif

#define FA_ANY 0xff
#undef FA_DIREC
#define FA_DIREC 0x10

/*
**  Portable find first/next functions from RFIND1ST.C
*/

struct DSTRUCT *rfind_1st(char *, unsigned, struct DSTRUCT *);
struct DSTRUCT *rfind_nxt(struct DSTRUCT *);

typedef struct
{
      int               dd_fd;
      unsigned          dd_loc,
                        dd_size;
      struct DSTRUCT    dd_buf;
      char              dd_dirname[FILENAME_MAX];
} DOS_DIR;

DOS_DIR        *opendir(char *);
int             closedir(DOS_DIR *),
                rewinddir(DOS_DIR *);
struct DSTRUCT *readdir(DOS_DIR *),
               *seekdir(DOS_DIR *, int, int);
#define         telldir(dd) dd->loc

/*
**  Other useful functions from DIRMASK.C and PATMAT.C
*/

int             dirmask(struct DSTRUCT *,char *,char *,unsigned,unsigned);
int             patmat(const char *, const char *);

extern int DFerr;

extern DOS_DIR _DIRS[];

#endif /* DIRENT_H */
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strsort.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001616�07055334266�016174� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  strsort() -- Shell sort an array of string pointers via strcmp()
**  public domain by Ray Gardner   Denver, CO   12/88
*/

#include <string.h>
#include <stddef.h>

void strsort (char **array, size_t array_size)
{
      size_t gap, i, j;
      char **a, **b, *tmp;

      for (gap = 0; ++gap < array_size; )
            gap *= 2;
      while (gap /= 2)
      {
            for (i = gap; i < array_size; i++)
            {
                  for (j = i - gap; ;j -= gap)
                  {
                        a = array + j;
                        b = a + gap;
                        if (strcmp(*a, *b) <= 0)
                              break;
                        tmp = *a;
                        *a = *b;
                        *b = tmp;
                        if (j < gap)
                              break;
                  }
            }
      }
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/kbflip.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004523�07055334033�015713� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  KBFLIP.C
**
**  a public domain demo by: Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <process.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#define SHOW(str) fputs(str"\n", stderr)

#define BitSet(arg,posn) ((arg) | (1L << (posn)))
#define BitClr(arg,posn) ((arg) & ~(1L << (posn)))

#define LOCKS_POSN 4
#define BYTE unsigned char

BYTE FAR *kb_status = (BYTE FAR *) 0x00400017;

/*
**  Tell the folks how this works
*/

void usage(void)
{
      SHOW("Usage: KBFLIP {+|-}[switches] [...{+|-}[switches]]");
      SHOW("Where \"switches\" are one or more of:");
      SHOW(" +/-C - Turn Caps Lock on/off");
      SHOW(" +/-N - Turn Num Lock on/off");
      SHOW(" +/-S - Turn Scroll Lock on/off");
      SHOW("Note switches may be upper or lower case\n");
      SHOW("Example: \"KBFLIP +Cn -S\" turns Caps Lock and Num Lock on "
            "and Scroll lock off");
      exit(-1);
}

/*
**  The real works starts here
**
**  This works by checking the user input against a string containing the
**  allowable switch characters in the same relative positions they
**  occupy in the BIOS data area, offset by 4 (LOCKS_POSN).
**
**  Note that all changes are made to a copy of the BIOS data so any
**  input errors will not cause incomplete changes to be applied.
*/

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i, j;
      char *args = "SNC";
      BYTE template = *kb_status;              /* Make changes to copy */

      if (2 > argc)                             /* Help 'em             */
            usage();
      for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
      {
            if (NULL == strchr("+-", *argv[i]))
                  usage();

            for (j = 1; argv[i][j]; ++j)
            {
                  char *found;

                  if (NULL != (found = strchr(args, toupper(argv[i][j]))))
                  {
                        int posn = LOCKS_POSN + (found - args);

                        if ('+' == *argv[i])
                              template = (BYTE)BitSet(template, posn);
                        else  template = (BYTE)BitClr(template, posn);
                  }
                  else  usage();
            }
      }
      *kb_status = template;                    /* Apply all changes    */
      return(0);
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/shel2dos.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002116�07055334224�016165� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  SHEL2DOS.C - Shell to DOS from a running program
**
**  Original Copyright 1989-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <process.h>

int shell_to_DOS(void)
{
      char *comspec, prompt[256], *oldprompt;
      int retval;

      comspec = getenv("COMSPEC");
      if(comspec == NULL)
            comspec = "COMMAND.COM";     /* Better than nothing... */

      sprintf(prompt, "PROMPT=[Type EXIT to return to program]\r\n%s",
            oldprompt = getenv("PROMPT"));
      putenv(prompt); 

      retval = spawnlp(0, comspec, comspec, NULL);

      sprintf(prompt, "PROMPT=%s", oldprompt);
      putenv(prompt);

      return retval;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>

void main(void)
{
      int retval = shell_to_DOS();

      printf("shell_to_DOS() returned %d\n", retval);

      retval = shell_to_DOS();
      printf("shell_to_DOS() returned %d\n", retval);
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ansisys.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003532�07055333637�016145� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*****************************************************************************
 * 
 * program that detects the presence (or absence) of an ANSI device driver.
 *
 * Returns:
 *
 * errorlevel 0: Ansi devicedriver not detected.
 * errorlevel 1: Ansi devicedriver detected.
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>



/********************************** print () *********************************
 *
 * A dum print string routine
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 */

void print(char *p)
{
      while(*p)
            putchar(*p++);
      fflush(stdout);                 /* necessary for ZTC                  */

}     /* print () */

/********************************** main () **********************************
 *
 * Detect whether ANSI.SYS is present and return 1 if so, else returns 0
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 */

int main(void)
{
      char buffer [31];               /* temporary buffer                   */
      int  nr=0;                      /* counter                            */

      print("\x1b[6n\r      \r");     /* ask for ansi device report         */

      while ((0 !=kbhit()) && (nr<30))/* read whatever input is present     */
            buffer[nr++] = (char)getch();

      buffer[nr]='\0';                /* zero terminate string              */

      if (strstr(buffer, "\x1b["))    /* check precense of device report    */
            return 1;                 /* signal ANSI.SYS present            */
      else  return 0;                 /* signal ANSI.SYS not present        */


}  /* main ()  */

/********************************** end *************************************/
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/playlib.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005371�07055334140�016101� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  PLAYLIB.C
**
**  Public domain for TC only by Lynn R. Lively
**  Modified by Bob Stout
*/

#include <dos.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sound.h"

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #include <int.h>
 #define interrupt
#else
 static void (interrupt far *n_oldtmint) (void);
#endif

#define TIMER_TICK_INTR 0x1c

static NOTE *     n_buff;
static unsigned   n_buff_sz;
static NOTE *     n_head;
static NOTE *     n_tail;
static unsigned   play_duration;
static unsigned   play_freq;

/*
** Add note to note buff. Return = 1 (note added), 0 (Out of note buff)
*/

int playb_note (unsigned freq, unsigned duration)
{
      if (++n_tail == (n_buff + n_buff_sz))
            n_tail = n_buff;

      if (n_tail == n_head)
      {
            --n_tail;
            return (0);
      }

      n_tail->freq     = freq;
      n_tail->duration = duration;

      return (1);
}

/*
** ISR for background music.
*/

#ifndef __ZTC__
 static void interrupt far play_intr (void)
#else
 static int play_intr (struct INT_DATA *idp)
#endif
{
      int_off ();

#ifndef __ZTC__
      (*n_oldtmint) ();                   /* Call Old timer interrupt.  */
#else
      int_prev(idp);
#endif

      if (play_duration == 0)
      {
            soundoff ();

            if (++n_head == (n_buff + n_buff_sz))
                  n_head = n_buff;

            if (n_head == n_tail)
            {
                  --n_head;
                  int_on ();
                  return;
            }

            play_duration = n_head->duration;
            if (0 != (play_freq = n_head->freq))
                  soundon();
            dosound (play_freq);
      }
      else  --play_duration;

      int_on ();

#ifdef __ZTC__
      return 1;                           /* Don't chain                */
#endif
}

/*
** Call this function to init background music. buff_sz is number of
** notes in the note buffer. Returns pointer to buff or NULL if
** out of heap space.
*/

NOTE * playb_open (unsigned buff_sz)
{
      n_buff =
      n_head =
      n_tail =  (NOTE *) calloc (buff_sz, sizeof (NOTE));

      if (n_buff != (NOTE *) NULL)
      {
            n_buff_sz     = buff_sz;

            play_duration =
            play_freq     = 0;
            
#ifdef __ZTC__
            int_intercept(TIMER_TICK_INTR, play_intr, 256);
#else
            n_oldtmint    = getvect (TIMER_TICK_INTR);
            setvect (TIMER_TICK_INTR, play_intr);
#endif
      }
      return (n_buff);
}

/*
** Return things to normal and free allocated space.
*/

void playb_close (void)
{
      soundoff ();
#ifndef __ZTC__
      setvect (TIMER_TICK_INTR, n_oldtmint);
#else
      int_restore(TIMER_TICK_INTR);
#endif
      free (n_buff);
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/glbl_env.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000024257�07055334003�016237� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*****************************************************************************
   This code is based upon the program SETPATH.PAS (located in BPROGA) by
   David Dubois [71401,747]

   This Turbo C version is written by Peter Thomas [75716,2377]

   This series of routines are designed to Locate, Retrieve, Update, and
   Remove "Variables" from the MASTER copy of the DOS Environment table.
   The routines have been written in a manner that avoids linking any
   EXTERNAL routines for string manipulation, and thus should be independent
   of memory model being used.

   Be careful that changes made to the Environment with these routines
   ONLY OCCUR IN THE MASTER COPY, and that if COMMAND.COM is spawned
   from a routine that has changed the environment, NO CHANGES WILL BE
   SEEN IN THE ENVIRONMENT. This is most apparent when this program is run
   in the INTEGRATED environment: changes made by this technique will
   not appear if the "OS Shell" is invoked, and will only appear on exit
   from TC.

   For full documentation on the techniques used here can be found in the
   file COMENV.ARC located in LIB 2 of BPROGA on Compuserve.

   As David Dubois says:

  I hereby dedicate this knowledge to the public domain. Feel free to use
  it, but if you do, please mention my name. There are no guarantees, and
  in fact, I wouldn't bet a dollar that it will work every time.

  That this works at all is based on experimental, rather than properly
  documented, evidence. There are no guarantees. But then, its free.

*****************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #error ZTC/C++ not supported - huge pointers required!
#endif

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include <alloc.h>
 #define Fmalloc farmalloc
 #define Ffree farfree
#else
 #include <malloc.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #define far  _far
 #define Fmalloc _fmalloc
 #define Ffree _ffree
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

/*
 *   Mstr_FindEnvironment:
 *     Scans for the "Master" Environment area, and returns
 *     a pointer to it, and the size of the environment.
*/
void Mstr_FindEnvironment ( char far **Env , unsigned *EnvSize )
{
   unsigned int far *CommandSeg, far *TempSeg ;
   char far *BlockSeg ;

   /*
    *  Scan through PSP's looking for a block that is its own father.
    *  This block is the PSP of COMMAND.COM
   */
  TempSeg = MK_FP ( _psp , 0 ) ;
   do
   {
     CommandSeg = TempSeg ;
     TempSeg = MK_FP ( *(TempSeg+8) , 0 ) ;
   }
   while ( TempSeg != CommandSeg ) ;

   /*
    *  Scan forward through memory looking for the correct MSB.
    *  This will have COMMAND.COM's PSP as owner, and begin with
    *  the character M
   */
   BlockSeg = (char far *)CommandSeg ;
   do
   {
    BlockSeg = MK_FP ( FP_SEG(BlockSeg)+1 , 0 ) ;
   }
   while ( ( *(unsigned int far *)(BlockSeg+1) != FP_SEG ( CommandSeg ) ) ||
           ( *BlockSeg != 'M' ) ) ;

   /*
    *  The environment is the NEXT segment of memory
    *  and bytes 4 and 5 are the size in paragraphs
   */
   *Env = MK_FP ( FP_SEG(BlockSeg)+1 , 0 ) ;
   *EnvSize = 16 * *(unsigned int far *)(BlockSeg+3) ;
}

/*
 *   Mstr_getenv:
 *     Scans the "Master" Environment for a given "sub string"
 *     and returns a pointer to it.
 *     Similar to Turbo routine "getenv" but uses the Master copy of the
 *     environment table.
*/
char far *Mstr_getenv (char far *Env , char far *name)
{
   char far *Sub_Env, far *str1, far *str2 ;

   /*
    *  Start at the beginning of the environment
   */
   Sub_Env = Env ;

   /*
    *  While the "sub string" we're looking at is non-zero
   */
   for ( ; *Sub_Env ; )
   {
     /*
      *  Simulate a "strcmp" on the "sub string" of the environment
      *  and the string we're looking for
     */
     for ( str1 = Sub_Env , str2 = name ;
           (*str1) && (*str2) && ( *str1 == *str2) ;
           str1++ , str2++ ) ;
     /*
      *  If we reached the end of the string we're looing for
      *  we've found the correct portion of the environment.
      *  Return the ptr to the start of this "sub string"
     */
     if ( !*str2 )
       return ( Sub_Env ) ;

     /*
      *  Otherwise, advance to the next "sub string" in the environment
      *  by performing a "strchr" function
     */
     for ( ; *(Sub_Env++) ; ) ;
   }

   /*
    *  Obviously, the string is not present in the environment.
    *  Return this fact.
   */
  return ( NULL ) ;
}

/*
 *   Mstr_delenv:
 *     Scans the "Master" Environment for a given "sub string"
 *     and removes it.
*/
int Mstr_delenv (char far *Env , unsigned EnvSize , char far *name)
{
   char far *Sub_Env , far *New_Env ;
   char huge *Dest , far *Src , huge *End_Env ;

   int Done  ;
   unsigned Ctr ;

   /*
    *  Allocate a chunk of storage to act as a "working" copy of
    *  the Environment table
   */
   New_Env = Fmalloc ( EnvSize ) ;

   /*
    *  Copy the data from the Master to Working copy of the
    *  Environment table.
    *  Simulates a "memcpy" function.
   */
   for ( Src = Env , Dest = (char far *)New_Env , Ctr = 0 ;
         Ctr < EnvSize ;
         *(Dest++) = *(Src++) , Ctr++ ) ;

   /*
    *  Scan the working copy of the environment for the desired
    *  sub string
   */
   Sub_Env = Mstr_getenv ( New_Env , name ) ;

   if ( Sub_Env == NULL )
   {
     /*
      *  If not found, do nothing
     */
     Done = -1 ;
   } else {
     /*
      *  Locate the end of the string to delete
      *  Simulate a "strchr" call
     */
     for ( Src = Sub_Env ; *(Src++) ; ) ;

     /*
      *  Move the rest of the environment back over the "sub string"
      *  being deleted.
      *  Simulated "memcpy" function.
      *  Huge pointers used for pointer comparison purposes.
     */
     for ( Dest = (char huge *)Sub_Env , End_Env = (char huge *) (New_Env + EnvSize ) ;
         ( Dest < End_Env ) ;
         *(Dest++) = *(Src++) ) ;

     /*
      *  Copy the data from the Working to Master copy of the
      *  Environment table.
      *  Simulates a "memcpy" function.
     */
     for ( Src = New_Env , Dest = (char huge *)Env , Ctr = 0 ;
         Ctr < EnvSize ;
         *(Dest++) = *(Src++) , Ctr++ ) ;

     /*
      *  Signal all done
     */
     Done = 0 ;
   }

   /*
    *  Free all working storage
   */
   Ffree ( New_Env ) ;

   return ( Done ) ;
}

/*
 *   Mstr_putenv:
 *     Adds/Replaces a given "sub string" in the Master Environment.
 *     Similar to Turbo routine "putenv" but uses the Master copy of the
 *     environment table.
*/
int Mstr_putenv (char far *Env , unsigned EnvSize , char far *name )
{
   char far *Sub_Env , far *Temp_Name ;
   char huge *Dest , far *Src , huge *End_Env ;
   int Done ;

   /*
    *  Allocate a chunk of storage to create the Variable name to add
    *  to the Environment table
   */
   Temp_Name = Fmalloc ( 256 ) ;

   /*
    *  Extract only the Name portion of the data to add to the Environment
   */
   for ( Src = name , Dest = Temp_Name ;
         *Src && ( *Src != '=' ) ;
        *(Dest++) = *(Src++) ) ;

   /*
    *  Ensure that the resulting name is well formed.
   */
   *(Dest++) = '=' ;
   *Dest = 0 ;

   /*
    *  Delete this sub string if found in the environment
   */
   Mstr_delenv ( Env , EnvSize , Temp_Name ) ;

   /*
    *  Locate the END of the Master table by locating a zero length
    *  String in it
   */
   Sub_Env = Env ;
   for ( ; *Sub_Env ; )
   {
     for ( ; *(Sub_Env++) ; ) ;
   }

   /*
    *  Add the new string to the END of the existing environment, with
    *  trincation IF needed
   */
   for ( Dest = (char huge *)(Sub_Env) , Src = name , End_Env = (char huge *) (Env + EnvSize ) ;
         ( Dest < End_Env ) && (*Src) ;
         *(Dest++) = *(Src++) ) ;

   Done = -1 ;
   if ( !*Src )
   {
     /*
      *  If the string to add was FULLY added, ensure that the
      *  newly updated environment is properly finished
     */
     Done = 0 ;
     *(Dest++) = 0 ;
     *Dest = 0 ;
   }

   /*
    *  As a real safety measure, ensure that the FINAL two bytes of the
    *  Environment are both 0. This will finish the last string AND
    *  ensure that a zero length string is also present
   */
   *(End_Env-1) = 0 ;
  *(End_Env-2) = 0 ;

   /*
    *  Free all working storage
   */
   Ffree ( Temp_Name ) ;

   return ( Done ) ;
}

void main(void)
{
  char far *Env ;
   unsigned EnvSize ;

   /*
    *  Locate the Master Table
   */
   Mstr_FindEnvironment ( &Env, &EnvSize ) ;

   /*
    *  Describe what we've just found
   */
   printf ( "Env = %Fp Size = %u\n\n" , Env , EnvSize ) ;

   /*
    *  Search for, and display LOCATIONS of PATH, FRED and BERT
   */
   printf ( "Search for PATH= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "PATH=" ) ) ;
   printf ( "Search for FRED= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "FRED=" ) ) ;
   printf ( "Search for BERT= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "BERT=" ) ) ;

   /*
    *  Add FRED and BERT to the environment
   */
   Mstr_putenv ( Env , EnvSize , "FRED=fred" ) ;
   Mstr_putenv ( Env , EnvSize , "BERT=bert" ) ;

   printf ( "\nAdded FRED and BERT to environment\n" ) ;

   /*
    *  Search for, and display LOCATIONS of PATH ,FRED and BERT
   */
   printf ( "Search for PATH= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "PATH=" ) ) ;
   printf ( "Search for FRED= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "FRED=" ) ) ;
   printf ( "Search for BERT= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "BERT=" ) ) ;

   /*
    *  Delete FRED from the environment
   */
   Mstr_delenv ( Env , EnvSize , "FRED=" ) ;

   printf ( "\nDeleted FRED= from the environment\n" ) ;

   /*
    *  Search for, and display LOCATIONS of PATH, FRED, and BERT
   */
   printf ( "Search for PATH= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "PATH=" ) ) ;
   printf ( "Search for FRED= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "FRED=" ) ) ;
   printf ( "Search for BERT= returns %Fp\n",  Mstr_getenv ( Env , "BERT=" ) ) ;

   printf ( "\nIssue the DOS command SET and see that BERT is now set\n" ) ;

}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/compiler.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002610�07055333707�016260� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Tests for popular PC compilers and versions
*/

#include <stdio.h>

void main(void)         /* Actually, void main() is non-ANSI/ISO  */
{
      int version;

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #ifdef __SC__
      printf("Symantec C++ ver. %x.%x\n", __SC__ >> 8, __SC__ & 0xff);
 #else
      printf("Zortech C++ ver. %x.%xr%x\n",
            __ZTC__ >> 8, (__ZTC__ >> 4) & 0xf, __ZTC__ & 0xf);
 #endif
#elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
      printf("Watcom C/C++ ver. %d.%d\n",
            __WATCOMC__ / 100, __WATCOMC__ % 100);
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
      version = __TURBOC__;
      if (0x295 > version)
      {
            printf("Borland Turbo C ver. %x.%02x\n",
                  version >> 8, version & 0xff);
      }
      else if (0x400 <= version)
      {
            printf("Borland C++ ver. %x.%x\n",
                  (version >> 8) - 1, (version & 0xff) >> 4);
      }
      else if (0x297 > version)
            printf("Borland Turbo C++ ver. 1.%02x\n", version - 0x295);
      else  printf("Borland C++ ver. 2.%02x\n", version - 0x297);
#elif defined(_QC)
      printf("Microsoft Quick C ver. %d.%d\n", _QC / 100, _QC % 100);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
      printf("Microsoft C(/C++) ver. %d.%d\n",
            _MSC_VER / 100, _MSC_VER % 100);
#elif defined(__POWERC)
      printf ("MIX Power C ver. %d\n", __POWERC);
#else
      puts("Unknown compiler!");
#endif
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/storage.typ������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003711�07055334252�016503� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������                        STORAGE TYPES

        A C language crib sheet from Jeff Galbraith


int x;
 - x is an int.

int *x;
 - x is a pointer to an int.

int **x;
 - x is a pointer to a pointer to an int.

const int x;
 - x is a const int (constant integer).

const int *x;
 - x is a pointer to a const int. The value of x may change, but
   the integer that it points to not be changed. In other words,
   x cannot be used to alter the value to which it points.

int *const x;
 - x is a constant pointer to an int. The value may not change,
   but the integer that it points to may change. In other words,
   x will always point at the same location, but the contents may
   vary.

const int *const x;
 - x is a constant pointer to a constant integer. The value of x
   may not change, and the integer that it points to may not
   change. In other words, x will always point at the same
   location, which cannot be modified via x.

int x[];
 - x is an array of int.

int x[99];
 - x is an array of 99 int's.

int *x[];
 - x is an array of pointers to int.

int (*x)[];
 - x is a pointer to an array of int.

int *(*x)[];
 - x is a pointer to an array of pointers to int.

int F();
 - F is a function returning int.

int *F();
 - F is a function returning a pointer to int.

int (*x)();
 - x is a pointer to a function returning int.

int (*x[99])();
 - x is an array of 99 pointers to functions returning int.

int (*F())();
 - F is a function returning a pointer to a function returning int.

int *(*F())();
 - F is a function returning a pointer to a function returning a
   pointer to an int.

int (*F())[];
 - F is a function returning a pointer to an array of int.

int (*(*F())[])();
 - F is a function returning a pointer to an array of pointers to
   functions returning int.

int *(*(*F())[])();
 - F is a function returning a pointer to an array of pointers to
   functions returning a pointer to int.
�������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/2dlife.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005273�07055333631�015617� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** A quick "life" (2-d cellular automaton) implementation done in Turbo C 2.0 
** on the spur-of-the-moment by Jonathan Guthrie 9/20/1992 and donated to the 
** public domain.
**
** In keeping with the guidelines of the C_ECHO, this program has been tested,
** and does seem to operate properly.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
 
#ifndef random
 #define random(num) (int)(((long)rand()*(num))/RAND_MAX)
#endif
 
/*
**  From VIDPORT.C, also in SNIPPETS
*/
 
void GotoXY(int col, int row);
void ClrScrn(int vattrib);
 
#ifndef randomize
 #define randomize() srand(((unsigned int)time(NULL))|1)
#endif

#define     ROWS        24
#define     COLS        80
#define     GENERATIONS 10

int civ1[ROWS][COLS], civ2[ROWS][COLS];

void update_generation(int old[ROWS][COLS], int new[ROWS][COLS])
{
      int i, j, count;

      for (i = 0; i < ROWS; ++i)
      {
            for (j = 0; j < COLS; ++j)
            {
                  count = old[(i + ROWS - 1) % ROWS][(j + COLS - 1) % COLS] + 
                        old[(i + ROWS - 1) % ROWS][j] +
                        old[(i + ROWS - 1) % ROWS][(j + 1) % COLS] +
                        old[i][(j + COLS - 1) % COLS] +
                        old[i][(j + 1) % COLS] +
                        old[(i + 1) % ROWS][(j + COLS - 1) % COLS] +
                        old[(i + 1) % ROWS][j] +
                        old[(i + 1) % ROWS][(j + 1) % COLS];

                  switch(count)
                  {
                  case 0:
                  case 1:
                  case 4:
                  case 5:
                  case 6:
                  case 7:
                  case 8:
                        new[i][j] = 0;
                        break;

                  case 2:
                        new[i][j] = old[i][j];
                        break;

                  case 3:
                        new[i][j] = 1;
                        break;
                  }

                  GotoXY(j+1, i+1);
                  putch(new[i][j] ? '*' : ' ');
            } 
      }
}


void initialize(void)
{
      int i, j;

      randomize();
      ClrScrn(7);

      for (i = 0; i < ROWS; ++i)
      {
            for (j = 0; j < COLS; ++j)
            {
                  civ1[i][j] = random(2); 
                  GotoXY(j+1, i+1);
                  putch(civ1[i][j] ? '*' : ' ');
            } 
      }
}


int main(void)
{
      int i;

      initialize();
      for (i = 0; i < GENERATIONS; ++i)
      {
            update_generation(civ1, civ2);
            update_generation(civ2, civ1);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/evsavres.txt�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000361�07055333747�016706� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������To blank EGA/VGA screen - read flipflop at 0x3DA, then write 0x00
                          to control port at 0x3C0

To restore screen       - read flipflop at 0x3DA, then write 0x020
                          to control port at 0x3C0
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/uudecode.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002134�07055334314�016237� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** by: John Lots
** patched up for BC++ 3.1 by Alan Eldridge 10/12/92
**     (UUCP: alane@wozzle.linet.org, FIDO: 1:272/38.473)
*/

#include        <stdio.h>
#include        <stdlib.h>
#define         DEC(c)  (char)(((c)-' ')&077)

int main()
{
      int     n;
      char    buf[128],a,b,c,d;

      scanf("begin %o ", &n);
      gets(buf);                              /* filename */
      if (!freopen(buf, "wb", stdout))         /* oops.. */
      {
            perror(buf);
            exit(1);
      }
      while ((n=getchar())!=EOF&&((n=DEC(n))!=0))
      {
            while (n>0)
            {
                  a=DEC(getchar());
                  b=DEC(getchar());
                  c=DEC(getchar());
                  d=DEC(getchar());
                  if (n-->0)
                        putchar((a<<2)|(b>>4));
                  if (n-->0)
                        putchar((b<<4)|(c>>2));
                  if (n-->0)
                        putchar((c<<6)|d);
            }
            n=getchar();                    /* skip \n */
      }
      return 0;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/hilobyte.h�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000124�07055334011�016255� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#define LOBYTE(x) ((unsigned char)(x))
#define HIBYTE(x) ((unsigned int)(x) >> 8)
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bordcolr.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005454�07055333656�016270� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  BORDCOLR.C - set the border color
**  by: Bob Jarvis
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dos.h>

char *usage = "BORDCOLR - sets the border color\n"
              "Parameter: color to set - one of\n"
              "\tBLK - black\n"
              "\tBLU - blue\n"
              "\tGRN - green\n"
              "\tCYN - cyan\n"
              "\tRED - red\n"
              "\tMAG - magenta\n"
              "\tBRN - brown\n"
              "\tLTG - light gray\n"
              "\tDKG - dark gray\n"
              "\tLTB - light blue\n"
              "\tLGN - light green\n"
              "\tLTC - light cyan\n"
              "\tLTR - light red\n"
              "\tLTM - light magenta\n"
              "\tYEL - yellow\n"
              "\tWHT - white";

#define BLACK     0
#define BLUE      1
#define GREEN     2
#define CYAN      3
#define RED       4
#define MAGENTA   5
#define BROWN     6
#define LTGRAY    7
#define DKGRAY    8
#define LTBLUE    9
#define LTGREEN   10
#define LTCYAN    11
#define LTRED     12
#define LTMAGENTA 13
#define YELLOW    14
#define WHITE     15

void set_border_color(int color)
{
      union REGS regs;

      printf("color = %d\n", color);

      regs.h.ah = 0x0B;
      regs.h.bh = 0;
      regs.h.bl = color;

      int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
}

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int color; 

      if(argc < 2)
      {
            printf(usage);
            return EXIT_SUCCESS;
      }

      if(strcmpl(argv[1], "BLK") == 0)
            color = BLACK;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "BLU") == 0)
            color = BLUE;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "GRN") == 0)
            color = GREEN;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "CYN") == 0)
            color = CYAN;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "RED") == 0)
            color = RED;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "MAG") == 0)
            color = MAGENTA;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "BRN") == 0)
            color = BROWN;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "LTG") == 0)
            color = LTGRAY;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "DKG") == 0)
            color = DKGRAY;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "LTB") == 0)
            color = LTBLUE;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "LGN") == 0)
            color = LTGREEN;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "LTC") == 0)
            color = LTCYAN;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "LTR") == 0)
            color = LTRED;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "LTM") == 0)
            color = LTMAGENTA;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "YEL") == 0)
            color = YELLOW;
      else  if(strcmpl(argv[1], "WHT") == 0)
            color = WHITE;
      else
      {
            printf(usage);
            return EXIT_SUCCESS;
      }

      set_border_color(color);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/snippets.wc������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000062025�07055334243�016504� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� WC 3.00 

File                                 Lines    Words    Chars         
---------------------------------  -------  -------  -------         
READ.ME                                  1       10       70       
FILE_ID.DIZ                              6       38      208       
SNIPPETS.TXT                            23      179     1155       
SNIPPETS.(C)                            42      269     1743       
SNIPPETS.NDX                           468     3355    26369       
SNIPPETS.WC                              0        0        0       
MISSING.TXT                             21      172     1036       
NONMSDOS.TXT                            42      426     2773       
DOSFUNCS.TXT                            34      338     2251       
PDN.LST                                184     1429    10435       
MAKE.INI                               190      465     3851       
ANSISCRN.H                              72      317     2304       
CAST.H                                  23       50     1240       
DD_STRUC.H                              31      187     1019       
HILOBYTE.H                               2       13       82       
PI.H                                     6       20      115       
PORTABLE.H                             166      636     5187       
ROUND.H                                 11       37      215       
SCRNMACS.H                              92      334     2405       
C_LINES.AWK                             43      184     1269       
8087_SAV.ASM                            73      389     2797       
COLDBOOT.ASM                            42      141     1042       
CPUCHECK.ASM                            78      280     2689       
HIRES.ASM                               37      154     1214       
NDPCHECK.ASM                            44      128     1152       
STRECPY.ASM                             92      418     3375       
A2E.C                                   51      544     2598       
ADDHNDLS.C                             104      349     3076       
ADDPATH.C                              101      278     2550       
AMALLOC.C                              124      445     3469       
ANSIFLEN.C                              34       75      594       
ANSILOAD.C                              66      194     1278       
ANSISELF.C                              10       75      403       
ANSISYS.C                               60      136     1822       
APPROX.C                               168      540     4931       
ASSIGNPR.C                              56      216     1583       
ATR2ANSI.C                              80      252     1894       
BASCNVRT.C                              49      141     1027       
BASTRNGS.C                             144      350     2907       
BITARRAY.C                              15       49      417       
BITCNT_1.C                              41       96      686       
BITCNT_2.C                              33       85      695       
BITFILES.C                             138      335     2943       
BITOPS.C                                13       45      320       
BITSTRNG.C                              59      243     1683       
BREAK.C                                 29       65      465       
BRESNHAM.C                             155      521     3573       
BSTR_I.C                                40       84      654       
CALSUPP.C                               65      207     1375       
CANT.C                                  22       59      447       
CHANGPRN.C                              52      130     1103       
CHECKEXE.C                             126      344     3219       
CHECKSUM.C                              39      111      789       
CHGEXT.C                                71      217     1687       
CLOCK.C                                200      540     5401       
COMBIN.C                                66      263     1603       
COMMAFMT.C                              82      216     2018       
COMPILER.C                              46      182     1370       
CRC-16.C                                37      125      988       
CRC-16F.C                              130      535     4603       
CRC_32.C                               172      952     8578       
CRYPT.C                                 98      355     3673       
CTRLPRNT.C                              40       95      767       
CUBIC.C                                 61      246     1453       
CURSOR.C                                52      190     2348       
DBL2LONG.C                              64      326     1984       
DBLROUND.C                              35       82      618       
DOSCOPY.C                               58      183     1856       
DROPTIME.C                              21       70      535       
DRVALID.C                              166      440     3556       
DRVS.C                                  43      199     1391       
DSPDTST.C                              149      525     4122       
EDITGETS.C                             371      919    12377       
ENG.C                                   50      124     1058       
ERRFIX.C                                52      180     1490       
EVAL.C                                 314      665     6992       
FACTORYL.C                             103      329     2532       
FASKBHIT.C                              28       69      519       
FAVAIL.C                                54      116      967       
FCOMPARE.C                              59      146     1314       
FCOPY.C                                 55      129     1192       
FERRORF.C                               25       94      662       
FILES.C                                 93      346     2336       
FMTMONEY.C                             119      277     2461       
FNDISLOT.C                              48      131     1023       
FORMAT.C                                56      156     1210       
FPSWITCH.C                              81      140     1358       
FSCANBIN.C                             115      378     3497       
FSIZE.C                                 78      223     1872       
FSM.C                                   37       79      786       
GETDCWD.C                               74      213     1622       
GETKEY.C                                27       55      459       
GETSEG.C                                49      149     1127       
GETSTRNG.C                              66      176     1612       
GLBL_ENV.C                             364     1328    10051       
GRAFLINE.C                              29      201     1346       
HEXORINT.C                              54      132      967       
HOWDY.C                                 21      129      516       
HSTR_I.C                                48      113      877       
HUGEREAD.C                             242      653     5628       
HUGESORT.C                             105      331     2745       
INITVARS.C                             139      568     5089       
ISCONS.C                                39      108      801       
ISFOPEN.C                               41      102      774       
ISISBN.C                                25       59      480       
ISNETDR.C                               45      131     1184       
ISPOW2.C                                12       35      221       
ISQRT.C                                 91      349     2390       
ISRAMDSK.C                              56      187     1339       
ISSHARE.C                               86      300     2179       
ISSHIFT.C                               24       75      878       
ISWPROT.C                               82      244     1773       
ISXKBRD.C                               47      126     1101       
JDN.C                                  124      711     4955       
JOYSTICK.C                              74      192     1523       
KB_DATA.C                               50      262     2159       
KEYLOCKS.C                              21       29      282       
KEYWATCH.C                             155      608     5174       
LBITOPS.C                               46      170     1184       
LDFLOOR.C                               41      172     1597       
LL_MSORT.C                              77      253     1862       
LL_QSORT.C                             146      450     3839       
LSARY.C                                112      322     2536       
LTOA.C                                  58      174     1444       
LTOSTR.C                                57      181     1463       
LV1WS.C                                 36       82      827       
MAINMAIN.C                               1       19       79       
MCB_ENV.C                              166      520     4380       
MDALLOC.C                              160      676     5322       
MEMAVAIL.C                              32       64      479       
MEMREV.C                                52      199     1419       
MKDIRS.C                                52      125     1071       
MOON_AGE.C                              66      263     2055       
MSB2IEEE.C                              59      214     1713       
NOCTRLC.C                               63      147     1618       
NORESET.C                              103      314     2813       
ORD_TEXT.C                              33       85      632       
OS_ID.H                                 41      114      732       
OS_ID.C                                134      404     2804       
PCNVRT.C                                22       79      623       
PERM_IDX.C                              37      141      995       
PFOPEN.C                                78      228     1650       
PLURALTX.C                              19       62      385       
PRTOGGLE.C                              91      289     2389       
PRTSCRN.C                               53      113      932       
PRTSTAT.C                               68      156     1189       
PUSHDIR.C                              192      598     4993       
RAND1.C                                239     1017     7510       
RAND2.C                                 51      143     1254       
REBOOT.C                                32       64      476       
REDIR.C                                 59      221     1672       
RG_ISORT.C                              18       62      402       
RG_QSORT.C1                            150      696     6666       
RG_QSORT.C2                             50      107     1021       
RG_RAND.C                               88      254     1949       
RG_SSORT.C                              43      105     1148       
RMALLWS.C                               28       67      538       
RMLEAD.C                                26       65      506       
RMTRAIL.C                               31       67      577       
RNDMIZE.C                                1        6       40       
SCANFRAC.C                             119      471     3913       
SCROLL.C                                47      180     1752       
SETENVAR.C                             155      448     3950       
SHEL2DOS.C                              50      136     1052       
SOUNDEX.C                               43       85     1066       
SPEED.C                                155      533     3773       
SPIN.C                                  29       93      838       
SRCHFILE.C                             225      679     5792       
SSTRCPY.C                               13       30      207       
STATS.C                                 53      162     1731       
STPTOK.C                                38      142     1074       
STR27SEG.C                             148      378     3814       
STRFTIME.C                             339     1021     9652       
STRREPL.C                               74      251     1946       
STRREV.C                                37       74      607       
STRSORT.C                               34       91      876       
STRUCFIL.C                             190      614     5210       
STYLE.C                                 32      106     1701       
TABTRICK.C                              54      154     1607       
TIMEGETC.C                              44      108      778       
TOASCII.C                               37      518     2393       
TP6TOD.C                                74      255     1844       
TRANSLAT.C                              71      164     1625       
TRIM.C                                  78      138     1610       
TRUENAME.C                             103      268     2022       
UNIX2DOS.C                              15       33      252       
VFNAME.C                               226      732     6346       
VIDEO.C                                181      541     5858       
WB_FCOPY.C                              86      300     2510       
WEIRD.C                                 13       43      264       
WHICHARC.C                             251      912     8388       
WINDCHIL.C                              19       68      504       
WORDWRAP.C                              92      217     2242       
XSTRCAT.C                               32       79      664       
XSTRCMP.C                               67      132     1525       
C_PREC.TXT                              74      215     4040       
STORAGE.TYP                             78      379     1915       
RTLFTRUL.TXT                           140      696     4896       
PTR_HELP.TXT                          1117     7108    41674       
C_PORT.TXT                             340     1771    12290       
ENUMS.TXT                               55      281     2077       
WHICH_C.TXT                            283     2317    14183       
RESOURCE.LST                           459     2221    16375       
ENVIRON.TXT                             63      624     3854       
SHARING.TXT                             70      335     1968       
EVSAVRES.TXT                             5       34      236       
ANSISYS.TXT                            226     1151    10351       
VT100.TXT                              199     1037     9300       
VIO.H                                   90      283     1787       
VIO.ASM                                896     1875     9514       
SCRNSAVE.C                              79      198     1627       
INT2E.ASM                               55      169     1464       
CCOMCALL.C                              36       87      636       
DIRENT.H                                97      292     2489       
RFIND1ST.C                             156      493     5501       
POSIXDIR.C                             276      824    10098       
POSIX_LS.C                              83      405     2934       
MATCH.H                                107      523     3963       
MATCH.C                                585     1675    18755       
MATCH.DOC                              126      827     5288       
DIRMASK.C                               73      252     2956       
PATMAT.C                                75      428     4693       
FLN_FIX.C                              142      354     3939       
FLNORM.C                               158      504     4735       
UCLOCK.H                                53      153     1134       
UCLOCK.C                               106      451     3683       
SOUND.H                                181      528     3836       
SOUND.C                                 30       71      568       
MKTONE.C                                52      136     1118       
PLAYLIB.C                              137      334     2672       
PLAYDEMO.C                              37      105      747       
GETCMT.C                               267      968     9461       
TESTCMT.C                               16       53      316       
SCALDATE.H                              27      135      773       
SCALDATE.C                              49      190     1327       
DAYNUM.C                               104      339     2365       
CAL.C                                  144      461     3496       
X00API.H                               236      886     7444       
X00API.C                               411     1308    10833       
PRNSPOOL.H                              48      167     1281       
PRNSPOOL.C                             151      389     3117       
PRINTQ.C                                46      156     1411       
STRAT.H                                 22       68      432       
STRAT.C                                170      497     3889       
W_WRAP.H                                 5       27      143       
W_WRAP.C                               139      735     5059       
CENTER.C                                49      181     1285       
DOS5BOOT.H                              40      162     2185       
ABSDISKC.C                              34      115     1023       
ABSDISK.ASM                             72      269     2126       
MOUSE.H                                 38      175     1119       
MOUSE.C                                352     1183     9063       
SCRNPICK.C                              58      222     1608       
XFILE.H                                 41       96      707       
XFILE.C                                200      706     5019       
XTEST.C                                 35       79      786       
GETOPT3.C                              102      404     3077       
GETOPTS.H                               31       67      605       
GETOPTS.C                              193      551     6021       
PBMSRCH.C                               95      299     2511       
BMHSRCH.C                               68      231     2084       
BMHISRCH.C                              94      365     3051       
BMHASRCH.C                             104      609     3632       
EXT_KEYS.H                              98      388     3089       
EXT_KEYS.C                              56      153     1326       
DOANSI.H                                33      176      972       
DOANSI_1.C                             478     1009    13041       
DOANSI_2.C                             229      675     4435       
TASKER.TXT                              78      470     3028       
TASKER.H                                44      104      714       
TASKER.C                               127      360     2576       
BIPORT.H                                34      154      811       
BIPORT.C                                16       47      315       
FMEMOPS.C                               52      163     1200       
FTIME.H                                 20       60      499       
FTIME.C                                 58      129     1157       
MSC_PEEK.C                              48      118      881       
PMERGE.C                                69      178     1504       
PSPLIT.C                               110      286     2602       
STRDUP.C                                15       32      258       
STRUPR.C                                29       42      436       
VIDPORT.C                              114      288     2348       
BIG_MALL.H                              15       54      400       
EXCEPT.DOC                             184     1333     8755       
CCTRAP.ASM                              64      190     1586       
CBTRAP.ASM                              63      166     1384       
TRAPFLAG.ASM                           133      428     3753       
TRAPDEMO.C                              74      146     1460       
CERRINST.ASM                           100      345     2990       
CERRTRAP.ASM                           134      551     4628       
IOSTUTOR.TXT                           260     2112    12414       
MYIO.H                                  98      317     2624       
MYIO.CPP                               127      402     3544       
MYSTREAM.H                              92      190     1712       
MYSTREAM.CPP                           142      430     3650       
MYLINE.H                                43      158     1336       
MYLINE.CPP                              76      218     1762       
MYIODEMO.CPP                           168      464     3955       
MYIO.MAK                               107      315     2073       
STR.DOC                                 47      286     1940       
STR.H                                  322      821     6681       
STR.CPP                                303      760     6188       
MEM.TXT                                215     1401     8956       
TOOLKIT.H                               66      226     1604       
MEM.H                                  212      868     6115       
MEM.C                                  681     1910    13156       
2DLIFE.C                               111      315     2636       
BIGFAC.C                               122      350     2875       
BINCOMP.C                              172      479     4077       
BORDCOLR.C                             109      355     2751       
C_CMNT.C                               154      502     4984       
CDIR.C                                 127      372     3326       
CHBYTES.C                              203      680     6476       
CHMOD.C                                224      686     5828       
CMDLINE.C                               28       85      638       
COMMCONV.C                              97      300     2459       
CURSIZE.C                               66      193     1486       
DO.C                                    17       39      324       
DOSSORT.C                              118      330     3073       
DRIVSRCH.C                              84      302     2238       
DSPCLOCK.C                              83      284     2473       
FACTOR.C                                80      209     1688       
FILCOUNT.C                              93      286     2334       
FLOPCOPY.C                             120      391     3150       
FRACTION.C                              91      321     2743       
GETVOL.C                                68      210     1486       
HEAD.C                                  40      132     1006       
HEXDUMP.C                               88      243     2052       
IFACTOR.C                               66      147     1253       
INCHCVRT.C                              79      207     1844       
KBFLIP.C                                86      295     2301       
KILLFF.C                               123      475     4032       
LOG.C                                  216      750     7625       
LSD.C                                  265      786     6964       
LZHUF.C                                646     2501    18271       
MAZE_1.C                               183      483     4201       
MAZE_2.C                                 1       74      238       
MAZE_3.C                                 7       67      441       
MORSE.C                                238     1002     7306       
MTERM.C                                133      419     3871       
MV.C                                   136      377     3096       
PALNDROM.C                               2       74      277       
PERMUTE1.C                             114      374     3436       
PERMUTE2.C                              79      187     1721       
PI.C                                   155      447     3515       
PR.C                                   301      913     8967       
QUERY.C                                 51      144     1229       
RDXCNVRT.C                              49      141     1029       
REMTAB.C                                63      177     1703       
RM_ALL.C                               222      655     6003       
ROMAN.C                                 97      192     1752       
SETIMETO.C                              64      160     1303       
SETVOL.C                               222      626     5124       
SPLIT.C                                 71      207     1829       
STRIPEOF.C                              61      125     1412       
STUB.C                                 115      396     3331       
SUNRISET.C                             507     2443    21206       
TAIL.C                                 181      467     4541       
TODAYBAK.C                              98      270     2172       
TOUCH.C                                 63      202     1916       
TREEDIR.C                               53      159     1252       
UUENCODE.C                             146      448     3077       
UUDECODE.C                              41      119     1075       
WC.C                                    66      161     1378       
WHERE.C                                132      405     3434       
JGREP.C                                178      481     4519       
GREP.C                                 567     1755    15359       
---------------------------------  -------  -------  -------         
Total (367 files)                    39137   139917  1122625       
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fscanbin.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007034�07055333767�016244� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* fscanbin.c -- scan binary fields via format string
**
**  public domain by Ray Gardner   Englewood, Colorado   11/29/89
**
**  Usage: fscanbin(FILE *fp, char *format, ...)
**
**  where format string contains specifiers:
**   -ddd  means skip ddd bytes
**   i     means read a 16-bit int
**   l     means read a 32-bit int
**   sddd  means read a character string of up to ddd bytes
**           reads up to a nul byte if ddd is zero or missing
**   cnnn  means read a character field of nnn bytes (not nul-terminated)
**           reads one byte if nnn is zero or missing
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>

typedef unsigned short int16;
typedef unsigned long int32;

#define int16swap(n)  (*n = (*n << 8) | (*n >> 8))

#define int32swap(n)  (\
                        int16swap(&((int16 *)n)[0]),\
                        int16swap(&((int16 *)n)[1]),\
                        *n = (*n << 16) | (*n >> 16)\
                        )

#define maxk 32767

int fscanbin (FILE *fp, char *format, ...)
{
      va_list argp;
      unsigned char *p;
      unsigned k;
      int c;
      char *charp;
      int16 *int16p;
      int32 *int32p;
      int bytes_read;

      bytes_read = 0;
      va_start(argp, format);
      for ( p = (unsigned char *)format; *p; )
      {
            switch( *p & 0xFF )
            {
            case '-':
                  for ( k = 0, c = *++p; isdigit(c); c = *++p )
                        k = 10 * k + c - '0';
                  if ( k == 0 )
                        k = 1;
                  if ( fseek(fp, (long)k, SEEK_CUR) )
                        return -2;     /* i/o error */
                  bytes_read += k;
                  break;

            case 'i':
                  int16p = va_arg(argp, int16 *);
                  if ( fread((void *)int16p, sizeof(int16), 1, fp) != 1 )
                        return -2;     /* i/o error */
#if SWAP16
                  int16swap(int16p);
#endif
                  p++;
                  bytes_read += sizeof(int16);
                  break;

            case 'l':
                  int32p = va_arg(argp, int32 *);
                  if ( fread((void *)int32p, sizeof(int32), 1, fp) != 1 )
                        return -2;     /* i/o error */
#if SWAP32
                  int32swap(int32p);
#endif
                  p++;
                  bytes_read += sizeof(int32);
                  break;

            case 's':
                  charp = va_arg(argp, char *);
                  for ( k = 0, c = *++p; isdigit(c); c = *++p )
                        k = 10 * k + c - '0';
                  do
                  {
                        c = getc(fp);
                        if ( c == EOF )
                              return -2;
                        *charp++ = (char)c;
                        bytes_read++;
                  } while ( c && (k == 0 || --k) );
                  break;

            case 'c':
                  charp = va_arg(argp, char *);
                  for ( k = 0, c = *++p; isdigit(c); c = *++p )
                        k = 10 * k + c - '0';
                  if ( k == 0 )
                        k = 1;
                  if ( fread((void *)charp, sizeof(char), k, fp) != k )
                        return -2;     /* i/o error */
                  bytes_read += k;
                  break;

            default:
                  return -1; /* bad format */
            }
      }
      va_end(argp);
      return bytes_read;
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/match.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000045614�07055334062�015550� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 EPSHeader

   File: match.c
   Author: J. Kercheval
   Created: Sat, 01/05/1991  22:21:49
*/
/*
 EPSRevision History

   J. Kercheval  Wed, 02/20/1991  22:29:01  Released to Public Domain
   J. Kercheval  Fri, 02/22/1991  15:29:01  fix '\' bugs (two :( of them)
   J. Kercheval  Sun, 03/10/1991  19:31:29  add error return to matche()
   J. Kercheval  Sun, 03/10/1991  20:11:11  add is_valid_pattern code
   J. Kercheval  Sun, 03/10/1991  20:37:11  beef up main()
   J. Kercheval  Tue, 03/12/1991  22:25:10  Released as V1.1 to Public Domain
*/

/*
   Wildcard Pattern Matching
*/


#include "match.h"

int matche_after_star (register char *pattern, register char *text);
int fast_match_after_star (register char *pattern, register char *text);

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Return TRUE if PATTERN has any special wildcard characters
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

BOOLEAN is_pattern (char *p)
{
      while (*p)
      {
            switch (*p++)
            {
            case '?':
            case '*':
            case '[':
            case '\\':
                  return TRUE;
            }
      }
      return FALSE;
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Return TRUE if PATTERN has is a well formed regular expression according
* to the above syntax
*
* error_type is a return code based on the type of pattern error.  Zero is
* returned in error_type if the pattern is a valid one.  error_type return
* values are as follows:
*
*   PATTERN_VALID - pattern is well formed
*   PATTERN_ESC   - pattern has invalid escape ('\' at end of pattern)
*   PATTERN_RANGE - [..] construct has a no end range in a '-' pair (ie [a-])
*   PATTERN_CLOSE - [..] construct has no end bracket (ie [abc-g )
*   PATTERN_EMPTY - [..] construct is empty (ie [])
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

BOOLEAN is_valid_pattern (char *p, int *error_type)
{
      /* init error_type */
      *error_type = PATTERN_VALID;

      /* loop through pattern to EOS */
      while (*p)
      {
            /* determine pattern type */
            switch (*p)
            {
            /* check literal escape, it cannot be at end of pattern */
            case '\\':
                  if (!*++p)
                  {
                        *error_type = PATTERN_ESC;
                        return FALSE;
                  }
                  p++;
                  break;
                  
                  /* the [..] construct must be well formed */
            case '[':
                  p++;

                  /* if the next character is ']' then bad pattern */
                  if (*p == ']')
                  {
                        *error_type = PATTERN_EMPTY;
                        return FALSE;
                  }
                
                  /* if end of pattern here then bad pattern */
                  if (!*p)
                  {
                        *error_type = PATTERN_CLOSE;
                        return FALSE;
                  }

                  /* loop to end of [..] construct */
                  while (*p != ']')
                  {
                        /* check for literal escape */
                        if (*p == '\\')
                        {
                              p++;

                              /* if end of pattern here then bad pattern */
                              if (!*p++)
                              {
                                    *error_type = PATTERN_ESC;
                                    return FALSE;
                              }
                        }
                        else  p++;

                        /* if end of pattern here then bad pattern */
                        if (!*p)
                        {
                              *error_type = PATTERN_CLOSE;
                              return FALSE;
                        }

                        /* if this a range */
                        if (*p == '-')
                        {
                              /* we must have an end of range */
                              if (!*++p || *p == ']')
                              {
                                    *error_type = PATTERN_RANGE;
                                    return FALSE;
                              }
                              else
                              {

                                    /* check for literal escape */
                                    if (*p == '\\')
                                          p++;

                                    /* if end of pattern here
                                       then bad pattern           */
                                    if (!*p++)
                                    {
                                          *error_type = PATTERN_ESC;
                                          return FALSE;
                                    }
                              }
                        }
                  }
                  break;

                  /* all other characters are valid pattern elements */
            case '*':
            case '?':
            default:
                  p++;                              /* "normal" character */
                  break;
            }
      }
      return TRUE;
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
*  Match the pattern PATTERN against the string TEXT;
*
*  returns MATCH_VALID if pattern matches, or an errorcode as follows
*  otherwise:
*
*            MATCH_PATTERN  - bad pattern
*            MATCH_LITERAL  - match failure on literal mismatch
*            MATCH_RANGE    - match failure on [..] construct
*            MATCH_ABORT    - premature end of text string
*            MATCH_END      - premature end of pattern string
*            MATCH_VALID    - valid match
*
*
*  A match means the entire string TEXT is used up in matching.
*
*  In the pattern string:
*       `*' matches any sequence of characters (zero or more)
*       `?' matches any character
*       [SET] matches any character in the specified set,
*       [!SET] or [^SET] matches any character not in the specified set.
*
*  A set is composed of characters or ranges; a range looks like
*  character hyphen character (as in 0-9 or A-Z).  [0-9a-zA-Z_] is the
*  minimal set of characters allowed in the [..] pattern construct.
*  Other characters are allowed (ie. 8 bit characters) if your system
*  will support them.
*
*  To suppress the special syntactic significance of any of `[]*?!^-\',
*  and match the character exactly, precede it with a `\'.
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int matche (register char *p, register char *t)
{
      register char range_start, range_end;  /* start and end in range */

      BOOLEAN invert;             /* is this [..] or [!..] */
      BOOLEAN member_match;       /* have I matched the [..] construct? */
      BOOLEAN loop;               /* should I terminate? */

      for ( ; *p; p++, t++)
      {
            /* if this is the end of the text
               then this is the end of the match */

            if (!*t)
            {
                  return ( *p == '*' && *++p == '\0' ) ?
                        MATCH_VALID : MATCH_ABORT;
            }

            /* determine and react to pattern type */

            switch (*p)
            {
            case '?':                     /* single any character match */
                  break;

            case '*':                     /* multiple any character match */
                  return matche_after_star (p, t);

            /* [..] construct, single member/exclusion character match */
            case '[':
            {
                  /* move to beginning of range */

                  p++;

                  /* check if this is a member match or exclusion match */

                  invert = FALSE;
                  if (*p == '!' || *p == '^')
                  {
                        invert = TRUE;
                        p++;
                  }

                  /* if closing bracket here or at range start then we have a
                        malformed pattern */

                  if (*p == ']')
                  {
                        return MATCH_PATTERN;
                  }

                  member_match = FALSE;
                  loop = TRUE;

                  while (loop)
                  {
                        /* if end of construct then loop is done */

                        if (*p == ']')
                        {
                              loop = FALSE;
                              continue;
                        }

                        /* matching a '!', '^', '-', '\' or a ']' */

                        if (*p == '\\')
                        {
                              range_start = range_end = *++p;
                        }
                        else  range_start = range_end = *p;

                        /* if end of pattern then bad pattern (Missing ']') */

                        if (!*p)
                              return MATCH_PATTERN;

                        /* check for range bar */
                        if (*++p == '-')
                        {
                              /* get the range end */

                              range_end = *++p;
                              
                              /* if end of pattern or construct
                                 then bad pattern */

                              if (range_end == '\0' || range_end == ']')
                                    return MATCH_PATTERN;

                              /* special character range end */
                              if (range_end == '\\')
                              {
                                    range_end = *++p;

                                    /* if end of text then
                                       we have a bad pattern */
                                    if (!range_end)
                                          return MATCH_PATTERN;
                              }

                              /* move just beyond this range */
                              p++;
                        }

                        /* if the text character is in range then match found.
                           make sure the range letters have the proper
                           relationship to one another before comparison */

                        if (range_start < range_end)
                        {
                              if (*t >= range_start && *t <= range_end)
                              {
                                    member_match = TRUE;
                                    loop = FALSE;
                              }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                              if (*t >= range_end && *t <= range_start)
                              {
                                    member_match = TRUE;
                                    loop = FALSE;
                              }
                        }
                  }

                  /* if there was a match in an exclusion set then no match */
                  /* if there was no match in a member set then no match */

                  if ((invert && member_match) || !(invert || member_match))
                        return MATCH_RANGE;

                  /* if this is not an exclusion then skip the rest of
                     the [...] construct that already matched. */

                  if (member_match)
                  {
                        while (*p != ']')
                        {
                              /* bad pattern (Missing ']') */
                              if (!*p)
                                    return MATCH_PATTERN;

                              /* skip exact match */
                              if (*p == '\\')
                              {
                                    p++;

                                    /* if end of text then
                                       we have a bad pattern */

                                    if (!*p)
                                          return MATCH_PATTERN;
                              }

                              /* move to next pattern char */

                              p++;
                        }
                  }
                  break;
            }
            case '\\':  /* next character is quoted and must match exactly */

                  /* move pattern pointer to quoted char and fall through */

                  p++;

                  /* if end of text then we have a bad pattern */

                  if (!*p)
                        return MATCH_PATTERN;

                  /* must match this character exactly */

            default:
                  if (*p != *t)
                        return MATCH_LITERAL;
            }
      }
      /* if end of text not reached then the pattern fails */

      if (*t)
            return MATCH_END;
      else  return MATCH_VALID;
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* recursively call matche() with final segment of PATTERN and of TEXT.
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int matche_after_star (register char *p, register char *t)
{
      register int match = 0;
      register nextp;

      /* pass over existing ? and * in pattern */

      while ( *p == '?' || *p == '*' )
      {
            /* take one char for each ? and + */

            if (*p == '?')
            {
                  /* if end of text then no match */
                  if (!*t++)
                        return MATCH_ABORT;
            }

            /* move to next char in pattern */

            p++;
      }

      /* if end of pattern we have matched regardless of text left */

      if (!*p)
            return MATCH_VALID;

      /* get the next character to match which must be a literal or '[' */

      nextp = *p;
      if (nextp == '\\')
      {
            nextp = p[1];

            /* if end of text then we have a bad pattern */

            if (!nextp)
                  return MATCH_PATTERN;
      }

      /* Continue until we run out of text or definite result seen */

      do
      {
            /* a precondition for matching is that the next character
               in the pattern match the next character in the text or that
               the next pattern char is the beginning of a range.  Increment
               text pointer as we go here */

            if (nextp == *t || nextp == '[')
                  match = matche(p, t);

            /* if the end of text is reached then no match */

            if (!*t++)
                  match = MATCH_ABORT;

      } while ( match != MATCH_VALID && 
                match != MATCH_ABORT &&
                match != MATCH_PATTERN);

      /* return result */

      return match;
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* match() is a shell to matche() to return only BOOLEAN values.
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

BOOLEAN match( char *p, char *t )
{
      int error_type;

      error_type = matche(p,t);
      return (error_type == MATCH_VALID ) ? TRUE : FALSE;
}


#ifdef TEST

/*
** This test main expects as first arg the pattern and as second arg
** the match string.  Output is yaeh or nay on match.  If nay on
** match then the error code is parsed and written.
*/

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int error;
      int is_valid_error;

      if (argc != 3)
            printf("Usage:  MATCH Pattern Text\n");
      else
      {
            printf("Pattern: %s\n", argv[1]);
            printf("Text   : %s\n", argv[2]);

            if (!is_pattern(argv[1]))
                  printf("    First Argument Is Not A Pattern\n");
            else
            {
                  error = matche(argv[1],argv[2]);
                  is_valid_pattern(argv[1],&is_valid_error);

                  switch (error)
                  {
                  case MATCH_VALID:
                        printf("    Match Successful");
                        if (is_valid_error != PATTERN_VALID)
                              printf(" -- is_valid_pattern() "
                                    "is complaining\n");
                        else  printf("\n");
                        break;

                  case MATCH_LITERAL:
                        printf("    Match Failed on Literal\n");
                        break;

                  case MATCH_RANGE:
                        printf("    Match Failed on [..]\n");
                        break;

                  case MATCH_ABORT:
                        printf("    Match Failed on Early "
                              "Text Termination\n");
                        break;

                  case MATCH_END:
                        printf("    Match Failed on Early "
                              "Pattern Termination\n");
                        break;

                  case MATCH_PATTERN:
                        switch (is_valid_error)
                        {
                        case PATTERN_VALID:
                              printf("    Internal Disagreement "
                                    "On Pattern\n");
                              break;

                        case PATTERN_ESC:
                              printf("    Literal Escape at "
                                    "End of Pattern\n");
                              break;


                        case PATTERN_RANGE:
                              printf("    No End of Range in "
                                    "[..] Construct\n");
                              break;

                        case PATTERN_CLOSE:
                              printf("    [..] Construct is Open\n");
                              break;

                        case PATTERN_EMPTY:
                              printf("    [..] Construct is Empty\n");
                              break;

                        default:
                              printf("    Internal Error in "
                                    "is_valid_pattern()\n");
                        }
                        break;

                  default:
                        printf("    Internal Error in matche()\n");
                        break;
                  }
            }
      }
      return(0);
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/match.h����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007746�07055334065�015564� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 EPSHeader

   File: match.h
   Author: J. Kercheval
   Created: Sat, 01/05/1991  22:27:18
*/
/*
 EPSRevision History

   J. Kercheval  Wed, 02/20/1991  22:28:37  Released to Public Domain
   J. Kercheval  Sun, 03/10/1991  18:02:56  add is_valid_pattern
   J. Kercheval  Sun, 03/10/1991  18:25:48  add error_type in is_valid_pattern
   J. Kercheval  Sun, 03/10/1991  18:47:47  error return from matche()
   J. Kercheval  Tue, 03/12/1991  22:24:49  Released as V1.1 to Public Domain
*/

/*
   Wildcard Pattern Matching
*/

#ifndef BOOLEAN
# define BOOLEAN int
# define TRUE 1
# define FALSE 0
#endif

/* match defines */
#define MATCH_PATTERN  6    /* bad pattern */
#define MATCH_LITERAL  5    /* match failure on literal match */
#define MATCH_RANGE    4    /* match failure on [..] construct */
#define MATCH_ABORT    3    /* premature end of text string */
#define MATCH_END      2    /* premature end of pattern string */
#define MATCH_VALID    1    /* valid match */

/* pattern defines */
#define PATTERN_VALID  0    /* valid pattern */
#define PATTERN_ESC   -1    /* literal escape at end of pattern */
#define PATTERN_RANGE -2    /* malformed range in [..] construct */
#define PATTERN_CLOSE -3    /* no end bracket in [..] construct */
#define PATTERN_EMPTY -4    /* [..] contstruct is empty */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
*  Match the pattern PATTERN against the string TEXT;
*
*       match() returns TRUE if pattern matches, FALSE otherwise.
*       matche() returns MATCH_VALID if pattern matches, or an errorcode
*           as follows otherwise:
*
*            MATCH_PATTERN  - bad pattern
*            MATCH_LITERAL  - match failure on literal mismatch
*            MATCH_RANGE    - match failure on [..] construct
*            MATCH_ABORT    - premature end of text string
*            MATCH_END      - premature end of pattern string
*            MATCH_VALID    - valid match
*
*
*  A match means the entire string TEXT is used up in matching.
*
*  In the pattern string:
*       `*' matches any sequence of characters (zero or more)
*       `?' matches any character
*       [SET] matches any character in the specified set,
*       [!SET] or [^SET] matches any character not in the specified set.
*
*  A set is composed of characters or ranges; a range looks like
*  character hyphen character (as in 0-9 or A-Z).  [0-9a-zA-Z_] is the
*  minimal set of characters allowed in the [..] pattern construct.
*  Other characters are allowed (ie. 8 bit characters) if your system
*  will support them.
*
*  To suppress the special syntactic significance of any of `[]*?!^-\',
*  and match the character exactly, precede it with a `\'.
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

BOOLEAN match (char *pattern, char *text);

int     matche(register char *pattern, register char *text);

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Return TRUE if PATTERN has any special wildcard characters
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

BOOLEAN is_pattern (char *pattern);

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Return TRUE if PATTERN has is a well formed regular expression according
* to the above syntax
*
* error_type is a return code based on the type of pattern error.  Zero is
* returned in error_type if the pattern is a valid one.  error_type return
* values are as follows:
*
*   PATTERN_VALID - pattern is well formed
*   PATTERN_ESC   - pattern has invalid escape ('\' at end of pattern)
*   PATTERN_RANGE - [..] construct has a no end range in a '-' pair (ie [a-])
*   PATTERN_CLOSE - [..] construct has no end bracket (ie [abc-g )
*   PATTERN_EMPTY - [..] construct is empty (ie [])
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

BOOLEAN is_valid_pattern (char *pattern, int *error_type);
��������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/w_wrap.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000012116�07055334331�015741� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* w_wrap.c */

/*
**  This is an attempt at a useful word-wrap function.  It is given an array
**  of characters ( a string ) and it modifies the string, replacing any
**  new-lines found with spaces and placing new-lines where needed to make
**  lines of the width specified, placing them only where there was previously
**  white-space. ( ie. Words are not split across lines. )  At the present
**  time it is rather stupid. 1) It doesn't know enough to split a line at an
**  existing hyphen.  2) It has no clue about how to hyphenate words.  3) It
**  makes no attempt at dealing intelligently with a singly word longer than
**  the specified line length 4) It does not deal intelligently with multiple
**  spaces new-lines, etc. ( eg. has no clue of paragraph seperation, etc. )
**  OTOH, it does deal well with unformatted, left justified text.
**
**  Tabs will be considered the size specified.  Note that word_wrap() does
**  not actually expand tabs.  This is only to inform it of the number of
**  spaces the output device will expand them to, so it will know how much
**  they expand a line.  The only time word_wrap does anything with tabs, is
**  if the tab size is set to zero, in which case each tab is replaced with a
**  single space character.  This often provides the most useful output, since
**  tabs will often be in the wrong places after re-formatting, and is
**  therfore the default.
**
**
**  Publicly available contents:
**
**      char *word_wrap(char *string,long line_len);
**          Does the actual word-wrapping, as described above;
**          Parameters:
**            string:     actual string to work with
**            line_len:   length of lines for output
**          Returns:        pointer to justified string.
**
**          void set_tab_size(int size);
**            Set the number of spaces that tabs will be expanded to on output
**            default tab size is zero. (each tab replaced with a space char )
**            word_wrap does not actually expand tabs.  This only lets it keep
**            track of how many spaces they take up.  If this is set to
**            zero, each tab will be replaced with a single space.
**
**  Other procedures:
**      int get_word(char *string);
**          returns the number of characters in the next word in string,
**          including leading white-space characters.
**
**  This compiles without warnings and runs with the following compilers:
**      MS Quick C 2.51:
**      Borland C++ 2.0:            either as C or C++
**      GNU C++ 1.39, DOS port:     either as C or C++
**  As far as I know, it uses only portable, standard C constructs.  It should
**  compile and run with little or no modification under nearly any C compiler
**  and environment.
**
**
**  This code was written Nov 16, 1991 by Jerry Coffin.
**  It is hereby placed in the public domain, for free use by any and
**  all who wish to do so, for any use, public, private, or commercial.
*/

#include <stddef.h>
#include <ctype.h>

enum {FALSE,TRUE};

static int tab_size = 0;                  /* size to consider tabs as */

static size_t get_word(char *string);     /* returns size of next word*/

void set_tab_size(size_t size)
{
      tab_size = size;
}

char *word_wrap(char *string, size_t line_len)
{
      size_t len,                         /* length of current word */
             current_len = 0;             /* current length of line */
      size_t start_line = 0;              /* index of beginning if line */

      while (0 != (len = get_word(&string[current_len + start_line])))
      {
            if (current_len + len < line_len)
                  current_len += len;
            else
            {
                  string[start_line+current_len] = '\n';
                  start_line += current_len + 1;
                  current_len = 0;
            }
      }
      return string;
}

static size_t get_word(char *string)
{
      register int i = 0, word_len = 0;

      if (!string[0])
            return 0;
      while (isspace(string[i]))
      {
            if ('\t' == string[i])
            {
                  if (0 == tab_size)
                        string[i] = ' ';
                  else  word_len += tab_size-1;
            }
            else if ('\n' == string[i])
                  string[i]=' ';
            word_len++;
            i++;
      }
      while (string[i] && !isspace(string[i++]))
            word_len++;
      return word_len;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include "w_wrap.h"

void main(void)
{
      char *string =
            "This is a long line\nto be wrapped by the w_wrap function. "
            "Hopefully, things will work correctly and it will be wrapped "
            "between words.  On the other hand, maybe I should hope that it "
            "doesn't work well so I will have an opportunity\nto learn more "
            "about what I'm doing";

	printf("Here's a string wrapped to 40 columns:\n\n%s\n\n",
		word_wrap(string, 40));
	printf("And here it's wrapped to 72:\n\n%s\n\n",
		word_wrap(string,72));
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/w_wrap.h���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000224�07055334331�015743� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* w_wrap.h */
/* prototypes for the functions in w_wrap.c */

char *word_wrap(char *string, size_t line_len);
void set_tab_size(size_t size);
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/unix2dos.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000413�07055334314�016213� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  UNIX2DOS.C - Convert Unix-style pathnames to DOS-style
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

char *unix2dos(char *path)
{
      char *p;

      for (p = path; *p; ++p)
            if ('/' == *p)
                  *p = '\\';
      return path;
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fcopy.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002337�07055333756�015600� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* 
 * FCOPY.C - copy one file to another.  Returns the (positive)
 *           number of bytes copied, or -1 if an error occurred.
 * by: Bob Jarvis
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024

long fcopy(char *dest, char *source)
{
        FILE *d, *s;
        char *buffer;
        size_t incount;
        long totcount = 0L;

        s = fopen(source, "rb");
        if(s == NULL)
                return -1L;

        d = fopen(dest, "wb");
        if(d == NULL)
        {
                fclose(s);
                return -1L;
        }

        buffer = malloc(BUFFER_SIZE);
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
                fclose(s);
                fclose(d);
                return -1L;
        }

        incount = fread(buffer, sizeof(char), BUFFER_SIZE, s);

        while(!feof(s))
        {
                totcount += (long)incount;
                fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), incount, d);
                incount = fread(buffer, sizeof(char), BUFFER_SIZE, s);
        }

        totcount += (long)incount;
        fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), incount, d);

        free(buffer);
        fclose(s);
        fclose(d);

        return totcount;
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/format.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002362�07055333765�015746� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FORMAT.C - Use DOS FORMAT to format a diskette
**
**  Original Copyright 1992 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
enum {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS};
 
/*
**  format
**
**  Formats a specified floppy disk with optional switches.
**
**  Parameters: 1 - Drive letter ('A', 'B', ...) to format
**              2 - Formatting switches in FORMAT.COM format, e.g. "/4"
**              3 - Volume label
**
**  Returns: SUCCESS or ERROR
*/
 
int format(char drive, char *switches, char *vlabel)
{
      char command[128], fname[13];
      FILE *tmpfile;
 
      tmpnam(fname);
      if (NULL == (tmpfile = fopen(fname, "w")))
            return ERROR;                       /* Can't open temp file */
      fprintf(tmpfile, "\n%s\nN\n", vlabel);
      fclose(tmpfile);
 
      sprintf(command, "format %c: /V %s < %s > NUL", drive, switches, fname);
 
      system(command);
 
      remove(fname);
 
      return SUCCESS;
}
 
#ifdef TEST
 
void main(void)
{
      int retval = format((char)'a', "/4", "dummy_test");
 
      printf("format() returned %d\n", retval);
}
 
#endif
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/favail.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001775�07055333755�015726� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Find out how many more files can be fopen'ed
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define STREAM_BUF     _streams
 #define FCNT           FOPEN_MAX
 #define FLAG           flags
#else /* MSC, ZTC++ */
 #define STREAM_BUF     _iob
 #define FCNT           _NFILE
 #define FLAG           _flag
#endif

int favail(void)
{
      int i, count;

      for (i = count = 0; i < FCNT; ++i)
      {
            if (0 == STREAM_BUF[i].FLAG)
                  ++count;
      }
      return count;
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(void)
{
      char *fname = "A$$$$$$$.$$$";
      FILE *fp;

      do
      {
            int i = favail();

            printf("You can fopen %d new file%s\n", i, &"s"[i == 1]);
            fp = fopen(fname, "w");
            *fname += 1;
      } while (fp);

      do
      {
            printf("removing %s\n", fname);
            remove(fname);
      } while ('A' <= --(*fname)) ;
}

#endif /*TEST */
���c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ifactor.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002447�07055334015�016076� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** ifactor.c -- print prime factorization of a number
**
** Ray Gardner -- 1985 -- public domain
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int prevfact = 0;
void factor (long);
void show (long, int);

void main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
   while ( --argc )
         factor(atol(*++argv));
}

void factor (long n)
{
      long d;
      int k;
      long n0 = n;
      prevfact = 0;

      printf("%ld  ",n);
      if ( n < 2 )
      {
            printf("is less than 2.\n");
            return;
      }
      else if ( n > 2 )
      {
            d = 2;
            for ( k = 0; n % d == 0; k++ )
                  n /= d;
            if ( k )
                  show(d,k);
            for ( d = 3; d * d <= n; d += 2 )
            { 
                  for ( k = 0; n % d == 0; k++ )
                        n /= d;
                  if ( k )
                        show(d,k);
            }
      }
      if ( n > 1 )
      {
            if ( n == n0 )
                  printf(" is prime");
            else  show(n,1);
      }
      printf("\n");
}

void show (long d, int k)
{
      if ( prevfact )
            printf(" * ");
      else  printf(" = ");
      prevfact++;
      printf("%ld",d);
      if ( k > 1 )
            printf("^%d",k);
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/snippets._c_�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003371�07406406027�016612� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Welcome to SNIPPETS!

  All the code I put into SNIPPETS for distribution is Public Domain or free
to the best that I can determine. What this means is that:

1.  I know or can contact the original author(s) to verify the presumed
    copyright ownership, and

2.  The work bears an explicit Public Domain notice, or

3.  The work is copyrighted but includes a free use license, or

4.  The work was published without a copyright notice prior to the effective
    date of the new copyright law.

  This has been occasionally annoying when I've had to pass up some useful
piece of code because it's questionable whether anyone can use it without
incurring liability (distributing someone else's property makes me an
accessory, doncha know).

  Since SNIPPETS includes both public domain and free code, be sure to
carefully read each header for any free license restrictions which may
apply.

Distribution:

  Starting with the December 1992 version, SNIPPETS is distributed in two
files:

SNIPmmyy.LZH is the full SNIPPETS collection.
SNPDmmyy.LZH contains only the files changes since the last release.

  SNIPPETS is distributed through the FidoNet Programmer's Distribution
Network (PDN - see the file PDN.LST for a list of PDN sites and further
information. The SNIPPETS files are also available from my "home" BBS, Comm
Port One, (713) 980-9671, FidoNet address 1:106/2000 using the "magic" F'req
names of "SNIPPETS" and "SNIPDIFF". Various Internet mirror sites also carry
SNIPPETS, but I'm not sure which ones have it an any given time. One place to
try is oak.oakland.edu in /pub/msdos/c.

                                                        ...Bob Stout
-------------------------------  Enjoy!  -----------------------------------
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/snippets.ndx�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000064325�07055334234�016671� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|NOTES: "+" preceding file name means new since last SNIPPETS
|       "*" preceding file name means modified since last SNIPPETS
|       "-" preceding file name means deleted since last SNIPPETS
|
| File          Author          Description
| ------------  --------------  ---------------------------------------------
* Read.Me                       Last minute information and instructions
+ File_Id.Diz                   File info for BBS's
* Snippets.Txt                  General information about SNIPPETS
* Snippets.(C)                  SNIPPETS freeware notice
* Snippets.Ndx                  SNIPPETS index - this file
* Snippets.Wc                   Count of SNIPPETS files
+ Missing.Txt                   Rationale of files deleted since last SNIPPETS
+ Nonmsdos.Txt                  List of universal SNIPPETS functions
+ Dosfuncs.Txt                  List of MS/PC-DOS-specific SNIPPETS functions
* Pdn.Lst       Janis Kracht    List of PDN sites
  Make.Ini      Jim Nutt        Master file for NDMAKE
  Ansiscrn.H                    Macros for ANSI.SYS screen control
  Cast.H        Bob Stout       Cast any object to any type
- Dow.H
+ Dd_Struc.H    Wayne Hamilton  TC/TC++/BC++ DOS file time/date macros
  Hilobyte.H                    Extract high, low bytes from an int
+ Pi.H                          Useful definitions using PI
* Portable.H    Scott Ladd      Write portable code for various PC compilers
* Round.H       Dave Knapp      Rounding macros
* Scrnmacs.H    Jerry Houston   Macros for direct video work
  C_Lines.Awk   Dan Kozak       AWK program to count lines of C code
  8087_Sav.Asm  Jeffrey Nonken  Saves/restores 80x87 environment
  Coldboot.Asm  David Nugent    Reliable cold/warm boot
  Cpucheck.Asm                  Determine type of CPU in use
  Hires.Asm                     Switch to 43/50 line mode on EGA/VGA
  Ndpcheck.Asm                  Determine presence of coprocessor
+ Strecpy.Asm   L. Satenstein   Like strcpy, but returns pointer to NUL
  A2E.C         Bob Stout       ASCII <=> EBCDIC conversions
  Addhndls.C    Doug Burger     Allow more than 20 open files under DOS 3+
                Bob Jarvis
+ Addpath.C     Bob Stout       Add directories to path in AUTOEXEC.BAT
  Amalloc.C     Paul Schlyter   Multi-dimensional array allocate ( <64K on PC)
* Ansiflen.C    Bob Jarvis      ANSI-compliant file size function
  Ansiload.C    Bob Jarvis      Detect ANSI.SYS
  Ansiself.C    Thad Smith      Self-replicating program in ANSI C
  Ansisys.C                     Detect ANSI.SYS
  Approx.C      John Rex        Fuzzy string search
  Assignpr.C    Bob Stout       Multiple printer support
  Atr2Ansi.C    Bob Stout       Build ANSI.SYS command string, given attribute
  Bascnvrt.C    Bob Stout       Convert radix of a numeric string
  Bastrngs.C    Bob Stout       BASIC-like string functions
  Bitarray.C                    Bit array functions
  Bitcnt_1.C    Ratko Tomic     Count bits in a number (fast, clever)
  Bitcnt_2.C                    Count bits in a number (fascinating)
  Bitfiles.C    Aare Tali       Bit I/O for buffered (fopen'ed) files
  Bitops.C      Bob Stout       Small bit array macros
  Bitstrng.C    J. Blauth       Format numeric value as string of bits
+ Bstr_I.C      Bob Stout       Convert binary string to int
+ Break.C       Bob Stout       Control DOS "SET BREAK=" status
+ Bresnham.C    Brian Dessent   Draw lines and circles
  Calsupp.C     Ray McVay       Calendar support funtions
  Cant.C        Bob Stout       An fopen() replacement with error trapping
  Changprn.C    Bob Stout       Change the standard printer device
  Checkexe.C    Bob Jarvis      Checksum protection for executable files
+ Checksum.C    Bob Stout       Calculate checksum
  Chgext.C      Bob Stout       Change/add a file name extension
  Clock.C       Jon Guthrie     On-screen clock generator
  Combin.C      Thad Smith III  Compute combinations without overflow
  Commafmt.C    Bob Stout       Add thousands separators to numeric strings
+ Compiler.C                    Test for popular PC compilers & versions
* Crc-16.C                      Calculated 16-bit CRC
  Crc-16F.C                     Fast 16-bit CRC
  Crc_32.C      Gary S. Brown   Table lookup 32-bit CRC
* Crypt.C       Bob Stout       S-Coder data encryption from DDJ
  Ctrlprnt.C    Bob Stout       Print a line, displaying Ctrl characters
  Cubic.C       Ross Cottrell   Solve cubic equations
  Cursor.C      Bill Wilkie     Cursor management/manipulation
  Dbl2Long.C    Ross Cottrell   Rounds doubles to longs
  Dblround.C    Ross Cottrell   Rounds a double to nearest whole number
- Dd_Struc.C
  Doscopy.C     Peter Yard      Copy a file
+ Droptime.C    Thor Johnson    Give up time slices to Win, OS/2, etc.
* Drvalid.C     Bob Stout       Benignly validate disk drives
+ Drvs.C        David Gersic    Checks for valid disk drives, local or remote
* Dspdtst.C                     I/O benchmark - MSC/TC/ZTC/Watcom
* Editgets.C    Jon Burchmore   Get an input string with editing functions
                Bob Stout
+ Eng.C         David Harmon    Floating point value -> engineering notation
  Errfix.C      Bob Jarvis      Redirect stderr to a file
  Eval.C        Bob Stout       Simple arithmetic expression evaluator
  Factoryl.C    Bob Stout       Factorial, combinations, permutations
* Faskbhit.C    D. Goodenough   Fast kbhit() and kbflush()
  Favail.C      Bob Stout       How many more files may be fopen'ed?
  Fcompare.C    Bob Stout       Compare 2 files for equality
  Fcopy.C       Bob Jarvis      Copy a file
  Ferrorf.C     Mark Devlin     Formatted error messages
- Figets.C
  Files.C       Matthew Hunt    Determine number of FILE set in CONFIG.SYS
  Fmtmoney.C    Bob Stout       Format US dollar amounts into text strings
  Fndislot.C    Bob Stout       Locate an unused user interrupt vector
  Format.C      Bob Stout       Use DOS format to format a diskette
+ Fpswitch.C                    Demo how to use function pointer arrays
  Fscanbin.C    Ray Gardner     Scan binary fields via format string
+ Fsize.C       Bob Stout       Return true apparent size of buffered file
  Fsm.C                         Demonstrates a finite state machine
  Getdcwd.C     Bob Jarvis      Get current working directory for given drive
  Getkey.C      Bob Stout       Get extended key codes
  Getseg.C      Bob Stout       Get segment and offset of any object
  Getstrng.C    Ron Sires       Safe gets() for input string of unknown length
  Glbl_Env.C    Peter Thomas    Update & remove global environment variables
  Grafline.C    David Harmon    Demo of PC line drawing characters
+ Hexorint.C    Bob Stout       Auto-convert hex or decimal strings
  Howdy.C                       Obfuscated C code
* Hstr_I.C      Bob Stout       Convert hex string to int
* Hugeread.C    Bob Stout       Read & write huge data using far pointers
  Hugesort.C    Ray Gardner     Quicksort using huge pointers
  Initvars.C    Ray Gardner     Read data into variables
  Iscons.C      Bob Stout       Does a FILE * refer to the console?
  Isfopen.C     Bob Stout       Is a FILE * in use?
+ Isisbn.C      Maynard Hogg    Validate ISBN (book) numbers
  Isnetdr.C     Bob Dolan       Determine is a drive is local or remote
  Ispow2.C                      Is a number an integral power of 2?
  Isqrt.C                       Integer square root
  Isramdsk.C    Bob Stout       Determine if a drive is a RAM disk
+ Isshare.C     Mike Ratledge   Determine if file sharing is enabled
  Isshift.C     Jeff Dunlop     Determine if a shift key is pressed
* Iswprot.C     Bob Stout       Determine is a floppy is write protected
                Wayne King
+ Isxkbrd.C     Ed Kowalski     Detects extended (101+ key) keyboard
  Jdn.C         Paul Schlyter   Julian Day Number computation
                Ray Gardner
  Joystick.C    Bob Stout       Joystick support functions
* Kb_Data.C     Dan Kozak       Keyboard status determination
* Keylocks.C                    Caps/Num lock set/clear functions
  Keywatch.C    Robert Mashlan  Demonstrates capturing keyboard interrupt
  Lbitops.C     Scott Dudley    Large bit array macros
  Ldfloor.C     Ray Gardner     Long double floor
* Ll_Msort.C    Ray Gardner     Linked list mergesort
  Ll_Qsort.C    Jon Guthrie     Linked list quicksort
* Lsary.C       Bob Stout       Read a directory into a linked list
  Ltoa.C        Bob Stout       Convert long to a string
  Ltostr.C      Thad Smith III  Convert long to a string
  Lv1Ws.C       Bob Stout       Convert whitespace strings to single spaces
  Mainmain.C                    Obfuscated C code
  Mcb_Env.C                     Modify master environment using MCB's
  Mdalloc.C     Blair Haukedal  Multi-dimentional array alloction
  Memavail.C    Thor Johnson    Report available DOS memory
  Memrev.C      Ray Gardner     Assymetrical memory swap
  Mkdirs.C      Bob Stout       Build directory tree (deep mkdir())
* Moon_Age.C    M. Jones        Determine the phase of the moons for any date
+ Msb2Ieee.C    Jeffrey Foy     Convert MSBIN format to/from IEEE float
  Noctrlc.C                     Traps Ctrl-C, Ctrl-Break, Ctrl-Alt-Del
  Noreset.C                     Traps Ctrl-Alt-Del
* Ord_Text.C    Bob Stout       Format ordinal numbers in English
+ Os_Id.H       David Gibbs     Header for determining PC OS's
+ Os_Id.C       David Gibbs     Determine PC OS
* Pcnvrt.C      Bob Stout       Convert Pascal strings to C
  Perm_Idx.C    Thad Smith III  Determine permutation index
  Pfopen.C      David Engel     Open a file anywhere
  Pluraltx.C    Bob Stout       How to print proper plurals
  Prtoggle.C    Bob Stout       Tee stdio to stdprn
  Prtscrn.C     Bob Stout       Invoke BIOS print screen function
  Prtstat.C     Bob Stout       Determine printer status
* Pushdir.C     Bob Stout       Stack-oriented CHDIR functions
  Rand1.C       Phil Linttell   Random number generator
  Rand2.C       E. Schneider    Random number generator
  Reboot.C      Bob Stout       Simple PC reboot function in C
  Redir.C       F. Piette       Demonstrates output redirection
* Rg_Isort.C    Ray Gardner     Insertion sort function
  Rg_Qsort.C1   Ray Gardner     Non-Recursive ANSI quicksort function
* Rg_Qsort.C2   Ray Gardner     Recursive ANSI quicksort function
* Rg_Rand.C     Ray Gardner     Minimal random number generator
  Rg_Ssort.C    Ray Gardner     ANSI quicksort-compatible shellsort function
  Rmallws.C     Bob Stout       Remove all whitespace from a string
  Rmlead.C      Bob Stout       Remove leading whitespace from a string
  Rmtrail.C     Bob Stout       Remove trailing whitespace from a string
  Rndmize.C                     How to seed ANSI random number generator
  Scanfrac.C    Thad Smith III  Scans/converts text fractions
* Scroll.C      Bob Stout       Scroll screen function
  Setenvar.C    Bob Stout       Set DOS master environment *legally*
* Shel2Dos.C    Bob Stout       Shell to DOS from a running program
  Soundex.C     Bob Jarvis      Standard English soundex
  Speed.C                       Benchmark to calculate I/O performance
+ Spin.C                        Demo of how to make various text "spinners"
* Srchfile.C    Bob Stout       Search files for text, forwards & backwards
  Sstrcpy.C     Ray Gardner     Overlapping strcpy() & strcat() work-alikes
  Stats.C       Bob Stout       Analyze file statistics
  Stptok.C      Ray Gardner     Improved tokenizing function
+ Str27Seg.C    Bob Stout       Convert numeric string to 7-segment displays
  Strftime.C    Jim Nutt        Non-locale version of ANSI strftime()
                Rob Duff
  Strrepl.C     Gilles Kohl     Replace substrings
  Strrev.C      Bob Stout       Reverse a string in place using XOR swapping
  Strsort.C     Ray Gardner     (Shell) Sort a string array
  Strucfil.C    Lynn Nash       Read/write structures to/from a file
  Style.C                       Suggested coding style guidelines
+ Tabtrick.C                    Demo using printf() for columnar formatting
  Timegetc.C    Bob Jarvis      Wait specified time for a keypress
  Toascii.C                     EBCDIC-ASCII conversion arrays
  Tp6Tod.C      Thad Smith III  Convert TP 6-byte reals to C doubles
+ Translat.C    Jerry Coffin    Translate string w/ C-style escape sequences
  Trim.C        Bob Stout       Trim leading, trailing, & embedded spaces
  Truename.C    gk              Normalize filename using undocumented DOS
  Unix2Dos.C    Bob Stout       Convert Unix-style pathnames to DOS-style
+ Vfname.C      Sid Rogers      Validate DOS-legal file names
  Video.C       Jeff Dunlop     C video information functions
* Wb_Fcopy.C    Walter Bright   Fast file copy/append
  Weird.C                       Obfuscated C code
* Whicharc.C    Heinz Ozwirk    Determine which archiver used on a packed file
                David Gersic
* Windchil.C                    Compute wind chill factor
  Wordwrap.C    Robert Morgan   Simple CRT word wrap demonstration
  Xstrcat.C                     String concatenation funct
  Xstrcmp.C     S. Offermann    Compare strings using DOS wildcards
|
|-------------- FAQ file (answers to Frequently Asked Questions --------------
|
* C_Prec.Txt                    Operator precedence/associativity in C / C++
  Storage.Typ   Jeff Galbraith  C storage types crib sheet
  Rtlftrul.Txt                  Right-left rule for reading C
* Ptr_Help.Txt  Ted Jensen      Helpful hints on pointers
  C_Port.Txt    Joseph Carnage  How to write portable C code
  Enums.Txt                     Helpful hints for enums
* Which_C.Txt   Bob Stout       Guidelines for choosing a PC C compiler
* Resource.Lst  J-Mag Guthrie   C/C++ resources (books, magazines, vendors)
  Environ.Txt   Bob Stout       Notes on changing the master environment
  Sharing.Txt   Mike Ratledge   How to check if file sharing is active
  Evsavres.Txt                  How to blank/restore EGA/VGA screen
  Ansisys.Txt                   Chart of ANSI screen control codes
+ Vt100.Txt     Jon Guthrie     Chart of VT-100 escape codes
|
|-------------- Jim Nutt's direct video functions ----------------------------
|
  Vio.H                         Direct screen package
  Vio.Asm                         "      "      "
  Scrnsave.C    Bob Stout       Save and restore text screens
|
|-------------- Bob Stout's Int 2Eh functions --------------------------------
|
  Int2E.Asm                     Access command processor "back door"
  Ccomcall.C                    C "glue" to use Int 2Eh
|
|-------------- Bob Stout's POSIX compliant directory functions --------------
|
* Dirent.H                      POSIX compliant header
* Rfind1St.C                    Compiler-independent find first/next functions
  Posixdir.C                    opendir(), readdir(), seekdir(), closedir()
  Posix_Ls.C                    Directory lister demo
|
|-------------- J. Kercheval's PD regular expression comparator --------------
|
  Match.H                       Header file
  Match.C                       Portable source including optional test code
  Match.Doc                     Documentation for Match.C
|
|-------------- Bob Stout/Sreenath Chary file name processing functions ------
|
  Dirmask.C     Bob Stout       Complex pattern matching (calls patmat())
  Patmat.C      Sreenath Chary  String pattern matching
  Fln_Fix.C     Bob Stout       Crunch dot directories, verify DOS-valid paths
  Flnorm.C      Bob Stout       Full file name normalization
|
|-------------- Bob Stout/Lynn Lively/David Fox sound & timing package -------
|
  Uclock.H      David L. Fox    Microsecond timing function header
* Uclock.C        "   "   "     Microsecond resolution timing functions
  Sound.H       Bob Stout       Sound functions header
  Sound.C        "    "         Speaker control functions
  Mktone.C       "    "         Tone generation functions
  Playlib.C     Lynn R. Lively  Background music package
  Playdemo.C    Bob Stout       Demo of backgroud music package
|
|-------------- Greg Messer's C/C++ comment extractor ------------------------
|
  Getcmt.C      Greg Messer     Extract comments from C/C++ source files
  Testcmt.C       "    "        Test file for above
|
|-------------- Ray Gardner's scalar date function with calendar demo --------
|
+ Scaldate.H    Ray Gardner     Scalar ("Julian") date header
* Scaldate.C    Ray Gardner     Scalar ("Julian") date functions
* Daynum.C      Bob Stout       Return statistics about a given date
  Cal.C         Bob Stout       Calendar using Scaldate.C
|
|-------------- Ruurd Pels's FOSSIL access functions -------------------------
|
* X00Api.H                      C header w/ prototype declarations
* X00Api.C                      C access functions
|
|-------------- Robert Mashlan's PRINT.COM interface functions ---------------
|
* Prnspool.H                    C header w/ prototype declarations
  Prnspool.C                    PRINT.COM spool queue functions
  Printq.C                      Demo program for above
|
|-------------- Robert Mashlan's memory allocation strategy functions --------
|
  Strat.H                       C header w/ prototypes and enum'ed constants
  Strat.C                       C functions
|
|-------------- Jerry Coffin's word wrapping functions -----------------------
|
  W_Wrap.H                      C header w/ prototypes and enum'ed constants
  W_Wrap.C                      C functions
  Center.C                      Center a wrapped line
|
|-------------- Bob Stout's absolute sector read/write functions -------------
|
  Dos5Boot.H                    Header for boot sector access
* Absdiskc.C                    C read and write functions
  Absdisk.Asm                   Low-level code for disk I/O, DOS 2-5
|
|-------------- Mouse functions ----------------------------------------------
|
  Mouse.H       Bob Jarvis      Header w/ prototypes
* Mouse.C       Bob Jarvis      Essential mouse stuff
  Scrnpick.C    Ray McVay       Demo, retrieves text from screen using mouse
|
|-------------- Martin Maney's fast line buffered file input -----------------
|
  Xfile.H                       Header w/ prototypes
  Xfile.C                       Contains xopen(), xclose(), xgetline()
  Xtest.C                       Demo for above
|
|-------------- Functions to get command line options ------------------------
|
  Getopt3.C                     AT&T compatible getopt(3)
+ Getopts.H     Bob Stout       Header for Getopts.C
* Getopts.C     Bob Stout       Scan command line for switches
|
|-------------- String searching functions -----------------------------------
|
* Pbmsrch.C     Jerry Coffin    Pratt-Boyer-Moore string search
* Bmhsrch.C     Ray Gardner     Case-sensitive Boyer-Moore-Horspool search
* Bmhisrch.C    Thad Smith      Case-insensitive Boyer-Moore-Horspool search
* Bmhasrch.C    Ray Gardner     Case-insensitive BMH search w/ accented chars
|
|-------------- Bob Stout's extended keyboard stuff --------------------------
|
  Ext_Keys.H                    Header to define extended key codes
  Ext_Keys.C                    A getch() work-alike for extended keyboards
|
|-------------- Mark Kimes ANSI screen code interpreter ----------------------
|
  Doansi.H                      Header file
  Doansi_1.C                    Portable intepreter
  Doansi_2.C                    OS-specific support functions
|
|-------------- David Gibbs' multitasker functions for Win, OS/2, & DV -------
|
+ Tasker.Txt                    Description of Tasker functions
+ Tasker.H                      Header, structs, and prototypes
+ Tasker.C                      Detect multitasker and give up time slices
|
|-------------- PC compiler compatibility functions --------------------------
|
  Biport.H      Bob Stout       Header to port Borland _geninterrupt()
  Biport.C      Bob Stout       Port Borland code using pseudovariables
* Fmemops.C     Bob Stout       Emulate MSC's _fmemxxx() in BC++ & ZTC++
  Ftime.H       Jeff Dunlop     BC++-style file date/time struct & prototypes
  Ftime.C       Jeff Dunlop     BC++-style file date/time functions
* Msc_Peek.C    Bob Stout       Add peek/poke to MSC
  Pmerge.C      Bob Stout       Portable fnmerge(), _makepath() equivalents
* Psplit.C      Bob Stout       Portable fnsplit(), _splitpath() equivalents
+ Strdup.C      Bob Stout       Portable strdup()
+ Strupr.C      Bob Stout       Portable strupr() strlwr()
* Vidport.C     Bob Stout       Portable gotoxy(), clrscr() equivalents, etc.
+ Big_Mall.H    Bob Stout       Portably allocate memory > 64Kb
|
|-------------- Bob Stout's Portable PC exception handling -------------------
|
  Except.Doc                    Information on programs below
  Cctrap.Asm                    Int 23h (Ctrl-C) trap
  Cbtrap.Asm                    Int 1Bh (Ctrl-Break) trap
  Trapflag.Asm                  Trap & flag Ints 23h & 1Bh
  Trapdemo.C                    Demo of TRAPFLAG.ASM
  Cerrinst.Asm                  Install DOS critical error handler
  Cerrtrap.Asm                  DOS critical error handler
|
|-------------- David Nugent's iostreams (C++) tutorial ----------------------
|
+ Iostutor.Txt                  Tutorial for following demo code
+ Myio.H                        Header for Myio.Cpp
+ Myio.Cpp                      Simple I/O class
+ Mystream.H                    iostream Interface for class Myio
+ Mystream.Cpp                  ios Interface implementation
+ Myline.H                      Simple line input classes
+ Myline.Cpp                    Implementation of myLine classes
+ Myiodemo.Cpp                  myio Loopback demo
+ Myio.Mak                      Makefile for Iostutor.Txt demo files
|
|-------------- David Nugent's simple string class ---------------------------
|
+ Str.Doc                       Information on the string class
+ Str.H                         C++ header
+ Str.Cpp                       Simple, portable C++ string class
|
|-------------- Walter Bright's memory allocation debugging package ----------
|
+ Mem.Txt                       Information on the Mem package
+ Toolkit.H                     Compiler-independent portability header
+ Mem.H                         Mem package header
+ Mem.C                         Mem package code
|
|-------------- DOS utilities as demos ---------------------------------------
|
  2Dlife.C      Jon Guthrie     2-D Life program
  Bigfac.C      Carl Declerck   Do large factorials using ASCII multiply
  Bincomp.C     Ray Gardner     Binary file comparison utility
  Bordcolr.C    Bob Jarvis      Set border color
  C_Cmnt.C      Thad Smith      Extract comments from a C source file
  Cdir.C        Lynn R. Lively  Like DOS CHDIR except changes drives as well
  Chbytes.C     Bob Stout       Edit binary files in place
* Chmod.C       Bob Stout       Change DOS file attributes - wildcards, etc.
+ Cmdline.C                     Demonstation how to access command line args
  Commconv.C    Jari Laaksonen  Convert C++ style comments to C style
  Cursize.C     Bob Jarvis      Set the cursor size
  Do.C                          Specify multiple command line commands
  Dossort.C     Robert Mashlan  DOS SORT work-alike
* Drivsrch.C    Marty Connely   Search for physical/logical drives
  Dspclock.C    Mike Jones      On-screen TSR clock
  Factor.C      Ray Gardner     Print prime factorization of a number (double)
  Filcount.C    Bob Stout       Count files/directories
+ Flopcopy.C    Bob Stout       Copy a floppy to a HD subdirectory
* Fraction.C    Thad Smith      Convert a real number to an integer ratio
  Getvol.C      Bob Stout       Retrieve a disk volume label
  Head.C                        Unix head work-alike
  Hexdump.C     Paul Edwards    Hex/ASCII file dump utility
  Ifactor.C     Ray Gardner     Print prime factorization of a number (long)
+ Inchcvrt.C    Bob Stout       Convert inches to feet/inches and fractions
  Kbflip.C      Bob Stout       Set/clear Caps/Num/Scroll locks
  Killff.C      Jerry Gore      Strip FF characters from text files
                Erik VanRiper
  Log.C         Robert Sprawls  Utility to log working time
* Lsd.C         Bob Stout       DOS DIR enhanced work-alike
  Lzhuf.C       Yoshi           Compression used in LHARC & LHA
  Maze_1.C      Jon Guthrie     Maze generator
  Maze_2.C                      Obfuscated maze generator
+ Maze_3.C                      Cute maze generator. Run, then enter size.
  Morse.C       Mike Dodd       Convert strings to morse code
  Mterm.C       David Harmon    Micro terminal (comm) program - use with X00
* Mv.C          Ray McVay       Move files
  Palndrom.C    Dan Hoey        Self-replicating palindrome - try it!
  Permute1.C    Dave Chapman    Permute strings
  Permute2.C    Jon Guthrie     Permute strings
  Pi.C                          Calculate PI to 60,000 digits or more
+ Pr.C                          Print a file with headers & breaks
  Query.C       Bob Stout       Timed query w/default for batch files
  Rdxcnvrt.C    Bob Stout       Convert between number bases
* Remtab.C      Robert Mashlan  Convert tabs to spaces
* Rm_All.C      Bob Stout       Remove all files - now supports recursion
  Roman.C       Jim Walsh       Convert Arabic number to Roman numeral
  Setimeto.C    Bob Stout       Set a file's time/datestamp to match another's
* Setvol.C      Bob Stout       Set, change, or kill a disk volume label
+ Split.C       Bob Stout       Split large text files into smaller ones
  Stripeof.C    Bob Stout       Strip ^Z characters from DOS text files
* Stub.C        Bob Stout       Truncate .OBJ (and other) files
  Sunriset.C    Paul Schlyter   Computes length of day at any place on Earth
* Tail.C        Joe Huffman     Print last n (default = 5) lines of a file
                Ruurd Pels
+ Todaybak.C    Bob Stout       Back up today's files to a floppy
  Touch.C       Ray L. McVay    TC/TC++/BC++ set file time/date stamp
  Treedir.C     Bob Stout       Recursive directory lister
  Uuencode.C    Don Kneller     Unix uuencode
  Uudecode.C    John Lots       Unix uudecode
  Wc.C          Jay Elkes       Like Unix wc, counts lines, words, chars
  Where.C                       Search for a file
|
|-------------- Various flavors of grep utilities ----------------------------
|
+ Jgrep.C       Jerry Coffin    Simple and portable
+ Grep.C        DECUS           "Real" grep - free with some strings
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/snippets.txt�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002232�07055334234�016704� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������INFORMATION ABOUT SNIPPETS APR 94 EDITION
=========================================

Beginning with the Dec '92 edition, SNIPPETS is being distributed in two
forms.

The first, and most familiar, is the full SNIPPETS collection. As before it
is named "SNIPdddd.xxx", where "dddd" is the release date and "xxx" is the
archive utility extension. For example, I distribute the Apr '94 edition as
SNIP9404.LZH, using the LHA.EXE archive utility.

New to the Dec '92 release was SNIPDIFF, an archive containing both files and
a utility to create a complete and fully-validated SNIPPETS archive using
files from the last edition of SNIPPETS which haven't changed. This
represents a considerable saving in the size of the archive and,
consequently, the time required to download it from bulletin boards and
public information services.

Beginning the Apr '93 release, SNIPDIFF became even smaller with the
inclusion of DSAPP.EXE which allows that only the differences for changed
files need be included. DSAPP.EXE is a public domain utility for applying
changes, written by David Burton, and which is distributed with his excellent
TLIB revision control system.
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/keylocks.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000457�07055334033�016272� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������static volatile unsigned char far *keyflags = (char far *)0x00400017;

void setcaps(void)
{
        *keyflags |= 0x40;
}

void clrcaps(void)
{
        *keyflags &= ~0x40;
}

void setnumlock(void)
{
        *keyflags |= 0x20;
}

void clrnumlock(void)
{
        *keyflags &= ~0x20;
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/absdiskc.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002041�07055333633�016225� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  ABSDISKC.C - Functions to read and write absolute disk sectors
**               (these will work with all versions of DOS 2-5).
**
**  Public domain code by Bob Stout
**
**  NOTE: These functions work by calling absdisk() from SNIPPETS file,
**        ABSDISK.ASM.
*/

#include <stddef.h>
#include <dos.h>

int _cdecl absdisk(unsigned char  function,
                   unsigned short drive,
                   size_t         number_of_sectors,
                   size_t         starting_sector,
                   void *         sector_buffer);

int AbsDiskRead(unsigned short drive,
                size_t         num_of_sectors,
                size_t         sector,
                void          *ptr)
{
      return absdisk(0x25, drive, num_of_sectors, (unsigned)sector, ptr);
}

int AbsDiskWrite(unsigned short drive,
                size_t         num_of_sectors,
                size_t         sector,
                void *ptr)
{
      return absdisk(0x26, drive, num_of_sectors, (unsigned)sector, ptr);
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mem.txt����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000021723�07055334102�015615� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������                        Walter Bright's MEM Package
                        ---------------------------


PREFACE:
--------

The files, MEM.H and MEM.C which constitute the MEM package were originally
published in the March-April 1990 edition of Micro Cornucopia magazine, now
sadly out of print.  The files as they appear in SNIPPETS have been edited
somewhat to remove compiler dependencies and correct minor discrepancies.

For those who don't already know, Walter Bright is the author of Datalight
Optimum-C, the original optimizing C compiler for PC's.  Through a succession
of sales and acquisitions plus continual improvement by Walter,, his compiler
became Zortech C++ and is now sold as Symantec C++.  As such, it is the only
major PC compiler which can claim single authorship.  It also compiles faster
than most other compilers and is still a market leader in its optimization
technology.

Like many other library and ancillary functions unique to Walter's compilers,
the MEM package was originally something he wrote for his own use.  As noted
above, he published it only once but it has been included as an unheralded
"freebie" in Walter's compilers for the past several years.  Walter was kind
enough to grant permission for its inclusion in SNIPPETS beginning with the
April, '94 release.


WHAT IS MEM?:
-------------

MEM is a set of functions used for debugging C pointers and memory allocation
problems.  Quoting Walter, "Symptoms of pointer bugs include: hung machines,
scrambled disks, failures that occur once-in-10,000 iterations, irreprodu-
cible results, and male pattern baldness." After writing MEM for use in
developing his own compiler and tools, he reported that its use reduced
pointer bugs by as much as 75%.  MEM is simple to add to existing programs
and adds little or no overhead.


USING MEM:
----------

Included in the MEM package is TOOLKIT.H, which isolates compiler and
environmental dependencies.  It should work as-is for most PC compilers and
the Microsoft compiler for SCO Unix.  Other environments may be customized by
writing your own HOST.H file, using the existing definitions in TOOLKIT.H as
examples and modifying the values to match your system.  Using these
techniques, the MEM package has been used successfully on Amigas, Macs,
VAXes, and many other non-DOS systems.

The MEM functions exactly parallel the standard library (plus 1 non-standard)
memory allocation functions.  To implement MEM in your program, simply do a
global search-and-replace of the following functions:

      malloc()    ->    mem_malloc()
      calloc()    ->    mem_calloc()
      realloc()   ->    mem_realloc()
      free()      ->    mem_free()
      strdup()    ->    mem_strdup()

At the beginning of main(), add the following lines:

      mem_init();
      atexit(mem_term);

In the header section of each of your C files, add...

#include "mem.h"

...to every .C file which calls any of the above functions.

The final step is to compile and link MEM.C into all programs using the MEM
package.  It really is a pretty simple procedure!

MEM has 2 modes of operation, debugging and non-debugging.  Use debugging
mode during program development and then turn debugging off for final
production code.  Control of debugging is by defining the MEM_DEBUG macro.
If the macro is defined, debugging is on; if undefined, debugging is off.
The default is non-debugging, in which case the MEM functions become trivial
wrappers for the standard functions, incurring virtually no overhead.


WHAT MEM DOES:
--------------

1.    ISO/ANSI verification:

When Walter wrote MEM, compiler compliance with ANSI standards was still
quite low.  MEM verifies ISO/ANSI compliance for situations such as passing
NULL or size 0 to allocation/reallocation functions.

2.    Logging of all allocations and frees:

All MEM's functions pass the __FILE__ and __LINE__ arguments.  During alloca-
tion, MEM makes an entry into a linked list and stores the file and line
information in the list for whichever allocation or free function is called.

This linked list is the backbone of MEM.  When MEM detects a bug, it tells
you where to look in which file to begin tracking the problem.

3.    Verification of frees:

Since MEM knows about all allocations, when a pointer is freed, MEM can
verify that the pointer was allocated originally.  Additionally, MEM will
only allow a pointer to be freed once.

Freed data is overwritten with a non-zero known value, flushing such problems
as continuing to reference data after it's been freed.  The value written
over the data is selected to maximize the probability of a segment fault or
assertion failure if your application references it after it's been freed.

MEM obviously can't directly detect "if" instances such as...

      mem_free(p);
      if (p) ...

...but by guaranteeing that `p' points to garbage after being freed, code
like this will hopefully never work and will thus be easier to find.

4.    Detection of pointer over- and under-run:

Pointer overrun occurs when a program stores data past the end of a buffer,
e.g.

      p = malloc(strlen(s));        /* No space for terminating NUL      */
      strcpy(p,s);                  /* Terminating NUL clobber memory   */

Pointer underrun occurs when a program stores data before the beginning of a
buffer.  This error occurs less often than overruns, but MEM detects it
anyway.  MEM does this by allocating a little extra at each end of every
buffer, which is filled with a known value, called a sentinel. MEM detects
overruns and underruns by verifying the sentinel value when the buffer is
freed.

5.    Dependence on values in buffer obtained from malloc():

When obtaining a buffer from malloc(), a program may develop erroneous and
creeping dependencies on whatever random (and sometimes repeatable) values
the buffer may contain.  The mem_malloc() function prevents this by always
setting the data in a buffer to a known non-zero value before returning its
pointer.  This also prevents another common error when running under MS-DOS
which doesn't clear unused memory when loading a program.  These bugs are
particularly nasty to find since correct program operation may depend on what
was last run!

6.    Realloc problems:

Common problems when using realloc() are: 1) depending on realloc() *not*
shifting the location of the buffer in memory, and 2) depending on finding
certain values in the uninitialized region of the realloc'ed buffer.

MEM flushes these out by *always* moving the buffer and stomping on values
past the initialized area.

7.    Memory leak detection:

Memory "leaks" are areas that are allocated but never freed.  This can become
a major problem in programs that must run for long periods without interrup-
tion (e.g. BBS's).  If there are leaks, eventually the program will run out
of memory and fail.

Another form of memory leak occurs when a piece of allocated memory should
have been added to some central data structure, but wasn't.

MEM find memory leaks by keeping track of all allocations and frees.  When
mem_term() is called, a list of all unfreed allocations is printed along with
the files and line numbers where the allocations occurred.

8.    Pointer checking:

Sometimes it's useful to be able to verify that a pointer is actually
pointing into free store. MEM provides a function...

      mem_checkptr(void *p);

...to do this.

9.    Consistency checking:

Occasionally, even MEM's internal data structures get clobbered by a wild
pointer.  When this happens, you can track it down by sprinkling your code
temporarily with calls to mem_check(), which performs a consistency check on
the free store.

10.   Out of memory handling:

MEM can be set using mem_setexception() (see MEM.H) to handle out-of-memory
conditions in any one of several predefined ways:

      1.    Present an "Out of memory" message and terminate the program.
      2.    Abort the program with no message.
      3.    Mimic ISO/ANSI and return NULL.
      4.    Call a user-specified function, perhaps involving virtual memory
            or some other "emergency reserve".
      5.    Retry (be careful to avoid infinite loops!)

11.   Companion techniques:

Since MEM presets allocated and stomps on freed memory, this facilitates
adding your own code to add tags to your data structures when debugging.  If
the structures are invalid, you'll know it because MEM will have clobbered
your verification tags.


SUMMARY:
--------

Since it is, in the final analysis, a software solution, MEM is fallible.  As
the saying goes, "Nothing is foolproof because fools are so ingenious."
Walter himself readily acknowledges that there are circumstances where your
code can do sufficient damage to MEM's internal data structures to render it
useless.  The good news is such circumstances are few and far between.  For
most memory debugging, MEM is a highly reliable and valuable addition to your
C programming toolchest.
���������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ord_text.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001231�07055334126�016270� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1991, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version with modifications suggested by Maynard Hogg
**  released to the public domain, 1992
**
**  Function to return ordinal text.
*/

static char *text[] = {"th", "st", "nd", "rd"};

char *ordinal_text(int number)
{
      if (((number %= 100) > 9 && number < 20) || (number %= 10) > 3)
            number = 0;
      return text[number];
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>

void main(void)
{
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < 26; ++i)
            printf("%d%s\n", i, ordinal_text(i));
}

#endif /* TEST */
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ansisys.txt������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000024521�07055333642�016537� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
                        ANSI.SYS's Escape Sequences Files.



        WARNING: You must press the ESC key, the [, the number wanted, 
                 then the tiny M key.

                                 Graphics functions:

           0 : All Attributes Off
           1 : Bold On
           4 : Underscore (Monochrome Display Only)
           5 : Blink On
           7 : Reverse Video On
           8 : Concealed On
 
          That's all for the Graphics Functions existing in ANSI.SYS.

                                 Foreground colors:

                30 : Black                             34 : Blue
                31 : Red                               35 : Magenta
                32 : Green                             36 : Cyan
                33 : Yellow                            37 : White

                                 Background colors:

                40 : Black                             44 : Blue
                41 : Red                               45 : Magenta
                42 : Green                             46 : Cyan
                43 : Yellow                            47 : White

                  ( Background is finally the Foreground + 10 )

                                 --------------------
  
       Code     Description
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Pn   :   Numeric Parameter - a Decimal Number that you Specify with
                 ASCII digits.

        Ps   :   Selective Paramater - a Decimal Number that you use to 
                 select a Subfunction. You may specify More than One Sub- 
                 function by separating the parameters with semicolons.

        Pl   :   Line Parameter - a Decimal Number that you Specify with
                 ASCII digits.

        Pc   :   Column Paramater - a Decimal Number that you Specify with
                 ASCII digits.

                                   ------------------

        Don't Forget! All theses sequences are precede by the ESC key.

                                   ------------------
        Sequence   Function
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        [Pl;Pc H : Cursor Position (CUP)
        
        [Pl;Pc F : Horizontal & Vertical Position (HVP). 
                   CUP and HVP move the cursor to the position specified
                   by the parameters. When no parameters are provided,
                   the cursor move to the home position (the upper-left
                   corner of the screen).

        [Pn A    : Cursor Up (CUU)
                   This sequence moves the cursor up Pn lines without chan-
                   ging columns. If the cursor is Already on the Top line,
                   then it's ignores the CUU sequence.

        [Pn B    : Cursor Down (CUD)
                   This sequence moves the cursor down Pn lines without chan-
                   ging columns. If the cursor is already on the bottom line, 
                   then it's igrnores the CUD sequence.

        [Pn C    : Cursor Forward (CUF)
                   The CUF sequence moves the cursor forward Pn columns with-
                   out changing lines. If the cursor is already in the far
                   right column, then it's ignores the CUF sequence.
 
        [Pn D    : Cursor Backward (CUB)
                   This escape sequence moves the cursor back Pn columns with-
                   out changing lines. If the cursor is already in the far 
                   left columns, then it's ignore the CUB sequence.

        [6n      : Device Status Report (DSR)
                   The console driver outputs an RCP sequence when it receives 

                   the DSR escape sequence.

        [s       : Save Cursor Position (SCP)
                   The console driver saves the current cursor position. This
                   position can be restored with the RCP sequence.

        [u       : Restore Cursor Position (RCP)
                   This sequence restores the cursor position to the value it
                   had when the console driver received the SCP sequence.

        [2j      : Erase Display (ED)
                   The ED sequence erases the screen. The cursor then goes
                   to the home position.
 
        [K       : Erase Line (EL)
                   This sequences erases from the cursor to the end of the
                   line (including cursor position).

  [Ps; ... ; Ps m: Set Graphics Rendition (SGR)
                   The SGR escape sequence calls the graphic functions
                   specified by the following numeric parameters. These
                   functions remain until the next occurence of an SGR
                   escape sequence.

        [=Ps h     Set mode (SM)
        [=h        The SM escape sequence changes the screen width or type
        [=0h       to one of the following numeric parameters:

                 Screen Width Parameters
            ----------------------------------
            0  : 40 x 25 B&W
            1  : 40 x 25 color
            2  : 80 x 25 B&W
            3  : 80 x 25 color
            4  : 320 x 200 color
            5  : 320 x 200 B&W
            6  : 640 x 200 B&W
            7  : Wraps at the end of Each line
            14 : 640 x 200 color
            15 : 640 x 350 mono
            16 : 640 x 350 color 
            17 : 640 x 480 color
            18 : 640 x 480 color (both 17-18 are good)
            19 : 320 x 200 color 
            ------------------------------------            

        [= Ps 1  : Reset mode (RM)
                   Parameters for RM are the same as for SM (Set Mode)
                   except parameter 7 resets the mode that causes wrapping
                   at the end of each line.

 [code;string;...p: Allows redefinition of keyboard keys to a specified
                    string where:
                    'string' is either the ASCII code for a single character
                    or a string contained in quotation marks. For example, 
                    both 65 and "A" can be used to represent an uppercase.
                    'code' is one or more of the following values that re-
                    present keyboard keys. Semicolons shown in this table
                    must be entered in addition to the required semicolons
                    in the command line.

         Key                     Code
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Alone     Shift-   Ctrl-     Alt-
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
          F1        0;59      0;84     0;94    0;104
          F2        0;60      0;85     0;95    0;105
          F3        0;61      0;86     0;96    0;106
          F4        0;62      0;87     0;97    0;107
          F5        0;63      0;88     0;98    0;108
          F6        0;64      0;89     0;90    0;109
          F7        0;65      0;90    0;100    0;110
          F8        0;66      0;91    0;101    0;111
          F9        0;67      0;92    0;102    0;112
          F10       0;68      0;93    0;103    0;113
          F11       0;133     0;135   0;137    0;139
          F12       0;134     0;136   0;138    0;140
         Home       0;71      55      0;119    -----
      Up Arrow      0;72      56      -----    -----
      Page Up       0;73      57      0;132    -----
     Left Arrow     0;75      52      0;115    -----
     Down Arrow     0;77      54      0;116    -----
          End       0;79      49      0;117    -----
     Page Down      0;81      51      0;118    -----
        Insert      0;82      48      -----    -----
        Delete      0;83      46      -----    -----
    Printscreen     -----     -----   0;114    -----

            ------------------------------------------
            and for the keyboard's alphabeticals keys:
            ------------------------------------------

         Key                     Code
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Alone     Shift-   Ctrl-     Alt-
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
          A         97        65       1        0;30
          B         98        66       2        0;48
          C         99        67       3        0;46
          D         100       68       4        0;32
          E         101       69       5        0;18
          F         102       70       6        0;33
          G         103       71       7        0;34
          H         104       72       8        0;35
          I         105       73       9        0;23
          J         106       74      10        0;36
          K         107       75      11        0;37
          L         108       76      12        0;38
          M         109       77      13        0;50
          N         110       78      14        0;49
          O         111       79      15        0;24
          P         112       80      16        0;25
          Q         113       81      17        0;16
          R         114       82      18        0;19
          S         115       83      19        0;31
          T         116       84      20        0;20
          U         117       85      21        0;22
          V         118       86      22        0;47
          W         119       87      23        0;17
          X         120       88      24        0;45
          Y         121       89      25        0;21
          Z         122       90      26        0;44
          1         49        33      -----     0;120
          2         50        64      -----     0;121
          3         51        35      -----     0;122
          4         52        36      -----     0;123
          5         53        37      -----     0;124
          6         54        94      -----     0;126
          7         55        38      -----     0;127
          8         56        42      -----     0;128
          9         57        40      -----     0;129
          0         48        41      -----     0;130
          .         45        95      -----     0;131
          =         61        43      -----       -----
          TAB       9         0;15    -----       -----
          NULL      0;3       -----   -----       -----
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/scrnmacs.h�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004701�07055334217�016264� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Macros for managing direct video writes by Jerry Houston
**
**  prototypes for SCROLL.C and VIDPORT.C functions added by Bob Stout
*/

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif
 
#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,off) ((void far *)(((long)(seg) << 16)|(unsigned)(off)))
#endif

/*
**  Text screen scrolling function from SCROLL.C in SNIPPETS
*/
 
#define SCROLL_UP 0
#define SCROLL_DN 1

void scroll(int direction,
            int num_lines,
            int vattrib,
            int ulrow,
            int ulcomumn,
            int lrrow,
            int lrcolumn);

/*
**  Functions in VIDPORT.C in SNIPPETS
*/
 
void GotoXY(int col, int row);
void ClrScrn(int vattrib);
void GetCurPos(int *col, int *row);
int  GetCurAtr(void);
void ClrEol(void);
void ClrEop(void);
void Repaint(int vattrib);

#if !defined(COLORMODE)
 #define COLORMODE  ((*(char FAR *)0x0449) != 7)
 #define EXT_KBD    (*(char FAR *)0x0496 & 16)
 #define VIDPAGE    (*((unsigned char far *)0x0462))
 #define ROWSIZE    (*(int FAR *)0x044A)
 #define SCANLINES  ((int)*(char FAR*)0x0461)
 #define SCRBUFF    ((unsigned FAR *)((COLORMODE)?0xB8000000:0xB0000000))
 #define SCREENSEG  ((unsigned)((COLORMODE)?0xB800:0xB000))
 #define SCREENSIZE ((*(int FAR *)0x044C) >> 1)
 #define SCREENCOLS (*(int FAR *)0x044A)
 #define SCREENROWS ((*(char FAR *)0x0484)?1+(*(char FAR *)0x0484):25)
#endif

/*
     COLORMODE  = true/false, are we using color?
     EXT_KBD    = true/false, extended keyboard in use?
     VIDPAGE    = current video page in use
     SCANLINES  = number of scan lines in a character.
     SCRBUFF    = returns B800:0000 if using color, B000:0000 if mono.
     SCREENSEG  = when you just need the segment portion.
     SCREENSIZE = number of (2-byte) cells required to save screen.
     SCREENCOLS = number of columns, often 80.
     SCREENROWS = number of rows, usually defaults to 25.
*/

/*
** colors -- Use as is for foreground colors
**           For background, shift left by 4 and OR with
**           foreground and possible video attributes
*/

#define BLACK 0
#define BLUE 1
#define GREEN 2
#define CYAN 3
#define RED 4
#define MAGENTA 5
#define BROWN 6
#define WHITE 7
#define GRAY 8
#define LTBLUE 9
#define LTGREEN 10
#define LTCYAN 11
#define LTRED 12
#define LTMAGENTA 13
#define YELLOW 14
#define HIWHITE 15    /* hi-intensity white */

#define BG_(a) (((a) & 0x7f) << 4)
���������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/killff.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000010073�07055334036�015713� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** KILLFF.C - A program was written to strip out all the Form Feeds
** in text files.
**
** Public domain by Erik VanRiper, 12/22/91
** Modified by Bob Stout, 17 Feb 93
**
** Reads a text file and makes a duplicate with NO Form Feed
** characters! The default action is to create a duplicate without
** Form Feeds, then remove the original and rename the dupliicate,
** although an explicit output file name may be specified.
**
** Form Feed characters are replaced with newline characters ('\n').
** Since ANSI mandates that fwrite() will translate newlines when
** a stream is opened in text (non-binary) mode, these will appear
** in the ouput file in a format appropriate to the implementation,
** e.g. CRLF pairs on PC's.
**
** Usage: KILLFF filename [newname]
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define BSIZ 32768U             /* max size of read/write buffer */

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   FILE *in, *out;              /* input and output files        */
   char name[80],               /* name of file to be fixed      */
        temp[80],               /* output file name              */
        *buf;                   /* buffer we will use to write   */
/*        *s;                     /* searching pointer             */
   size_t bad,                  /* check to see if write ok      */
          num;                  /* number of bytes read          */
   int retval  = EXIT_SUCCESS,  /* return value                  */
       tmpflag = 0;             /* non-zero if tmpnam() used     */

   printf("\nKILL FORM FEEDS by Erik VanRiper & Bob Stout\n\n");

   if(argc < 2)                              /* usage info       */
   {
      puts("Usage: KILLFF input_file [output_file]");
      puts("\nIf no output file is given, the input file will "
           "be replaced.");
      return retval;                         /* return to OS     */
   }

   strcpy(name,argv[1]);                     /* input filename   */
   if(argc == 3) strcpy(temp,argv[2]);       /* outfile name     */
   else
   {
      tmpnam(temp);
      tmpflag = -1;
   }

   if((in = fopen(name,"r")) == NULL)        /* Open in file     */
   {
      printf("\nCan't Open Input File %s",name);
      return (retval = EXIT_FAILURE);        /* return to OS     */
   }
   if((out = fopen(temp,"wt")) == NULL)      /* open out file    */
   {
      printf("\nCan't Open Output File %s",temp);
      fclose(in);                            /* close in file    */
      return (retval = EXIT_FAILURE);        /* return to OS     */
   }

   if((buf = malloc(BSIZ)) == NULL)     /* malloc a large buffer */
   {
      printf("\nOut of memory\n");
      return (retval = EXIT_FAILURE);        /* return to OS     */
   }

   printf("Input file: %s Output file: %s\n",
      name,tmpflag ? name : temp);

   /* read in file while chars to read */

   while (0 < (num = fread(buf,sizeof(char),BSIZ,in)))
   {
      size_t i;

      for (i = 0; i < num; ++i)              /* look for FF      */
         if ('\f' == buf[i])
            buf[i] = '\n';                  /* change to newline */

      bad=fwrite(buf,sizeof(char),num,out);  /* write out buf    */
      if(bad != num)                         /* error            */
      {
         printf("\nCan't Write to %s ", temp);
         retval = EXIT_FAILURE;              /* return to OS     */
         break;
      }
   }
   fclose(in);                               /* close in file    */
   fclose(out);                              /* close out file   */
   free(buf);                                /* free memory      */
   if (tmpflag)
   {
      if (remove(name))
      {
         printf("Can't rename %s\n", name);
         printf("Converted file is named %s\n", temp);
      }
      else
         rename(temp, name);
   }
   printf("\nDone!");                        /* Finished         */
   return retval;                            /* return to OS     */
}
/*

List this source file to test this program!

New page

New page

All done

*/
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/make.ini���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007711�07055334055�015724� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#
#  Master MAKE.INI file for NDMAKE
#
#  jim nutt
#  'the computer handyman'
#

.SUFFIXES : .doc .exe .prf .obj .cpp .c .a86 .asm .com .a86

#
# generate response files for these as well as lib and link
#

.RESPONSE_LINK: tlink blink ztcmap
.RESPONSE_LIB:  tlib zorlib

VPATH   = .;c:\include;
MAKE_TMP= $(TMP)

#
# some defaults
#

project =
obj     =
cc      = ztc
mcflags = $p $s $w
cflags  =

#
# zortech c settings
#

ztclib     = c:\lib\$(cc)                  # where are the libraries
ztcinclude = c:\include\$(cc)
ztclibrary = $(lib)\zl$(model)
ztccompile = $(cc) -c -m$(options)
ztcoptions = $(model) $(mcflags) -I$(include) -ic:\include
ztcstartup =
ztcwild    =
ztcscheck  = -s
ztcpcheck  =
ztcalign   = -a
ztcunsigned= -J
ztccodeview= -g
ztcmaxwarnings= -p -r
ztcinline  = -f
ztcoptimize= -o+all -o+loop
ztcmodel   = -m
ztcdefine  = -d
ztcstdc    = -A

#
# quick c settings
#

qcllib     = c:\lib\msc
qclinclude = c:\include\msc
qcllibrary = $(lib)\$(model)libcr $(lib)\libh
qclcompile = qcl /c /X /Zl /A$(options) /D__MSC__=1
qcloptions = $(model) $(mcflags) /I$(include)
qclstartup =
qclwild    =
qclscheck  =
qclpcheck  = /Zr
qclalign   = /Zp
qclunsigned=
qclcodeview= /Zi
qclmaxwarnings = /W3
qclinline  = /FPi87
qcloptimize= /Ox
qclmodel   = /A
qcldefine  = /D
qclstdc    = /Za

#
# msc 5.1 settings
#

msclib     = c:\lib\msc
mscinclude = c:\include\$(cc)
msclibrary = $(lib)\$(model)libcr $(lib)\libh
msccompile = cl /c /X /Zl /A$(options) /D__MSC__=1
mscoptions = $(model) $(mcflags) /I$(include) /Ic:\include
mscstartup =
mscwild    =
mscscheck  =
mscpcheck  =
mscalign   = /Zp
mscunsigned=
msccodeview= /Zi
mscmaxwarnings = /W3
mscinline  = /FPi87
mscoptimize= /Owilt
mscmodel   = /A
mscdefine  = /D
mscstdc    = /Za

#
# turbo c settings
#

tcclib     = c:\lib\$(cc)                  # where are the libraries
tccinclude = c:\include\$(cc)
tcclibrary = $(lib)\c$(model)
tcccompile = $(cc) -c -m$(options)
tccoptions = $(model) $(mcflags) -I$(include)
tccstartup = $(lib)\c0$(model)
tccwild    =
tccscheck  = -N
tccpcheck  =
tccalign   = -a-
tccunsigned= -K
tcccodeview= -y
tccmaxwarnings = -w -w-stv
tccinline  = -f87
tccmodel   = -m
tccdefine  = -D
tccoptimize= -O -G -r
tccstdc    = -A

lib             = $($(cc)lib)
include         = $($(cc)include)
library         = $($(cc)library)
cxl             = $(lib)\cxl$(model)
options         = $($(cc)options)
compile         = $($(cc)compile) $(cflags)
startup         = $($(cc)startup)
wild            = $($(cc)wild)
libs            = $(library)

# compiler options

a       = $($(cc)align)         # byte align structures
c       = $($(cc)codeview)      # codeview debugging (if avail, else symdeb)
d       = $($(cc)define)        # command line #define
i       = $($(cc)inline)        # inline 8087 code generation
m       = $($(cc)model)         # memory model selection
p       = $($(cc)pcheck)        # pointer checking (if available)
s       = $($(cc)scheck)        # turn on stack checking
u       = $($(cc)unsigned)      # chars are unsigned
o       = $($(cc)optimize)      # do max optimizations
w       = $($(cc)maxwarnings)   # give maximum warnings
stdc    = $($(cc)stdc)          # use ANSI standard keywords only

model   = S

# the linker

linkopt = /noi
linker  = link

# an easy linking macros

linklst = $($(project)obj),$(project),$(project),$(libs) $(linkopt);
link    = $(linker) $(wild) $(startup) $(linklst)

# default rules

markfile :
        calltree -z markfile *.c

.c.exe :
        .c.obj
        $(linker) $(wild) $(startup) $*, $* ,$* ,$(libs) $(linkopt);

.obj.exe :
        $(link)

.c.obj : 
        $(compile) $*.c

.cpp.obj :
        $(cc) $*

.asm.obj :
        masm $*;

.a86.obj :
        a86 +o +s $*.a86 $*.obj

.a86.com :
        a86 $*.a86

.a86.exe :
        a86 +o +s $*.a86
        link $*;

.prf.doc :
        proff $*.prf $*.doc
�������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/chgext.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003336�07055333701�015730� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  chgext.c - Change a file's extension
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
**
**  Arguments: 1 - Pathname
**             2 - Old extension (NULL if don't care)
**             3 - New extension
**
**  Returns: Pathname or NULL if failed
**
**  Note: Pathname buffer must be long enough to append new extension
**
**  Side effect: Converts Unix style pathnames to DOS style
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

char *chgext(char *path, char *oldext, char *newext)
{
      char *p;

      /* Convert to DOS-style path name */

      for (p = path; *p; ++p)
            if ('/' == *p)
                  *p = '\\';

      /* Find extension or point to end for appending */

      if (NULL == (p = strrchr(path, '.')) || NULL != strchr(p, '\\'))
            p = strcpy(&path[strlen(path)], ".");
      ++p;

      /* Check for old extension */

      if (oldext && strcmp(p, oldext))
            return NULL;

      /* Add new extension */

      while ('.' == *newext)
            ++newext;
      strncpy(p, newext, 3);
      return path;
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *retval, *old_ext = NULL, path[128];

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: CHGEXT path [old_ext]");
            puts("\nChanges extension to \".TST\"");
            puts("Old extension optional");
            return;
      }
      strcpy(path, strupr(argv[1]));
      if (2 < argc)
            old_ext = strupr(argv[2]);
      if (NULL == (retval = chgext(path, old_ext, ".TSTstuff")))
            puts("chgext() failed");
      else  printf("chgext(%s, %s, TST)\n...returned...\n%s\n", argv[1],
            old_ext ? old_ext : "NULL", path);
}

#endif /* TEST */
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getdcwd.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003240�07055333773�016072� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** GETDCWD.C - returns the current working directory for a specific drive
**
** public domain by Bob Jarvis, modified by Bob Stout
*/

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #define GetDrive(d) dos_getdrive(&d)
 #define FAR _far
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define GetDrive(d) ((d) = getdisk() + 1)
 #define FAR far
#else /* assume MSC */
 #define GetDrive(d) _dos_getdrive(&d)
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#include <dos.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

char *getdcwd(unsigned int drive)   /* 0 = current, 1 = A, 2 = B, etc */
{
      union REGS regs;
      struct SREGS sregs;
      char *retptr;

      retptr = calloc(FILENAME_MAX + 4, sizeof(char));
      if(retptr == NULL)
            return NULL;

      if(drive == 0)    /* figure out which drive is current */
      {
            GetDrive(drive);
            drive += 1;
      }

      *retptr = (char)((drive-1) + 'A');
      *(retptr+1) = ':';
      *(retptr+2) = '\\';

      segread(&sregs);
      regs.h.ah = 0x47;
      regs.h.dl = (unsigned char)drive;
      sregs.ds  = FP_SEG((void FAR *)retptr);
      regs.x.si = FP_OFF((void FAR *)retptr) + 3;

      intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);
      if (15 == regs.x.ax)     /* drive number invalid */
      {
            free(retptr);
            return NULL;
      }
      else  return retptr;
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *curpath;
      unsigned int n;

      if(argc > 1)
            n = (tolower(*argv[1]) - 'a') + 1;
      else  GetDrive(n);
      
      printf("curpath = '%s'\n", curpath = getdcwd(n));
      if (curpath)
            free(curpath);
}

#endif
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cbtrap.asm�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002647�07055333671�016271� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������        PAGE ,132

;  Install a custom Interrupt 1b (Ctrl-Break exception) handler
;
;  Public domain by Bob Stout
;
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via command
                                        ;line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE

        .DATA?
_origvec        dd      ?

        .DATA

        public  cbrcvd

cbrcvd  dw      0

        .CODE

;
;  This is our actual ISR
;
myint1b:
        mov     ax,-1
        mov     cbrcvd,ax
        iret

;
;  Call this to install  our ISR
;
ins1b   PROC    USES AX BX DS ES
        mov     ax,351bh                ;get old vector...
        int     21h
        mov     word PTR _origvec,bx
        mov     word PTR _origvec+2,es  ;...and save it

        push    cs                      ;get myint1b segment in DS
        pop     ds
        mov     dx, OFFSET myint1b      ;install myint1b in int 1bh
        mov     ax,251bh
        int     21h
        ret
ins1b   ENDP

;
;  Call this to uninstall our ISR
;
redo1b  PROC    USES AX BX DS
        mov     dx, word PTR _origvec   ;restore original vector
        mov     ds, word PTR _origvec+2
        mov     ax,251bh
        int     21h
        ret
redo1b  ENDP

        end
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/lv1ws.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001537�07055334046�015526� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1987-88, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version released to the public domain, 1992
**
**  Makes all whitespace single spaces. Passed a string, lv1ws()
**  converts all multiple whitespace characters to single spaces.
*/

#include <ctype.h>

void lv1ws(char *str)
{
      char *ibuf = str, *obuf = str;
      int i = 0, cnt = 0;

      while(*ibuf)
      {
            if(isspace(*ibuf) && cnt)
                  ibuf++;
            else
            {
                  if (!isspace(*ibuf))
                        cnt = 0;
                  else
                  {
                        *ibuf = ' ';
                        cnt = 1;
                  }
                  obuf[i++] = *ibuf++;
            }
      }
      obuf[i] = '\0';
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/match.doc��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000012446�07055334064�016072� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
                    REGEX Globber (Wild Card Matching)

               A *IX SH style pattern matcher written in C
                   V1.10 Dedicated to the Public Domain

                                March  12, 1991
                                 J. Kercheval
                         [72450,3702] -- johnk@wrq.com




*IX SH style Regular Expressions
================================ 
 
The *IX command SH is a working shell similar in feel to the MSDOS
shell COMMAND.COM.  In point of fact much of what we see in our
familiar DOS PROMPT was gleaned from the early UNIX shells available
for many of machines the people involved in the computing arena had
at the time of the development of DOS and it's much maligned
precursor CP/M (although the UNIX shells were and are much more
flexible and powerful then those on the current flock of micro
machines).  The designers of DOS and CP/M did some fairly strange
things with their command processor and OS.  One of those things was
to only selectively adopt the regular expressions allowed within the
*IX shells.  Only '?' and '*' were allowed in filenames and even with
these the '*' was allowed only at the end of a pattern and in fact
when used to specify the filename the '*' did not apply to extension.
This gave rise to the all too common expression "*.*".

REGEX Globber is a SH pattern matcher.  This allows such
specifications as *75.zip or * (equivelant to *.* in DOS lingo).
Expressions such as [a-e]*t would fit the name "apple.crt" or
"catspaw.bat" or "elegant".  This allows considerably wider
flexibility in file specification, general parsing or any other
circumstance in which this type of pattern matching is wanted. 

A match would mean that the entire string TEXT is used up in matching
the PATTERN and conversely the matched TEXT uses up the entire
PATTERN. 

In the specified pattern string:
     `*' matches any sequence of characters (zero or more)
     `?' matches any character
     `\' suppresses syntactic significance of a special character
     [SET] matches any character in the specified set,
     [!SET] or [^SET] matches any character not in the specified set.

A set is composed of characters or ranges; a range looks like
'character hyphen character' (as in 0-9 or A-Z).  [0-9a-zA-Z_] is the
minimal set of characters allowed in the [..] pattern construct.
Other characters are allowed (ie. 8 bit characters) if your system
will support them (it almost certainly will).

To suppress the special syntactic significance of any of `[]*?!^-\',
and match the character exactly, precede it with a `\'.
 
To view several examples of good and bad patterns and text see the
output of MATCHTST.BAT


 
MATCH() and MATCHE()
====================

The match module as written has two parsing routines, one is matche()
and the other is match().  Since match() is a call to matche() which
simply has its output mapped to a BOOLEAN value (ie TRUE if pattern
matches or FALSE otherwise), I will concentrate my explanations here
on matche().

The purpose of matche() is to match a pattern against a string of
text (usually a file name or specification).  The match routine has
extensive pattern validity checking built into it as part of the
parser and allows for a robust pattern match.

The parser gives an error code on return of type int.  The error code
will be one of the the following defined values (defined in match.h):
 
    MATCH_PATTERN  - bad pattern or misformed pattern
    MATCH_LITERAL  - match failed on character match (standard
                     character)
    MATCH_RANGE    - match failure on character range ([..] construct)
    MATCH_ABORT    - premature end of text string (pattern longer
                     than text string)
    MATCH_END      - premature end of pattern string (text longer
                     than pattern called for)
    MATCH_VALID    - valid match using pattern

The functions are declared as follows:

    BOOLEAN match (char *pattern, char *text);

    int     matche(register char *pattern, register char *text);



IS_VALID_PATTERN() and IS_PATTERN()
===================================

There are two routines for determining properties of a pattern
string.  The first, is_pattern(), is designed simply to determine if
some character exists within the text which is consistent with a SH
regular expression (this function returns TRUE if so and FALSE if
not).  The second, is_valid_pattern() is designed to check the
validity of a given pattern string (TRUE return if valid, FALSE if
not).  By 'validity', I mean well formed or syntactically correct.

In addition, is_valid_pattern() has as one of it's parameters a
return code for determining the type of error found in the pattern if
one exists.  The error codes are as follows and defined in match.h:

    PATTERN_VALID - pattern is well formed
    PATTERN_ESC   - pattern has invalid literal escape ('\' at end of
                    pattern)
    PATTERN_RANGE - [..] construct has a no end range in a '-' pair
                    (ie [a-])
    PATTERN_CLOSE - [..] construct has no end bracket (ie [abc-g )
    PATTERN_EMPTY - [..] construct is empty (ie [])

The functions are declared as follows:

    BOOLEAN is_valid_pattern (char *pattern, int *error_type);

    BOOLEAN is_pattern (char *pattern);
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/speed.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007530�07055334246�015553� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/******** CALCULATE I/O PERFORMANCE TO NUL FILE ********/

#include <assert.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define CHK     100             /* speed factor */

long ticks(long tick)                                   /* GET BIOS TIME TICK */
{
        union REGS reg;
        reg.h.ah=0;
        int86(0x1A, ®, ®);
        return ((long)reg.x.cx<<16)+reg.x.dx-tick;
}

long time_it(void(*func)(void))
{
        long t = ticks(0L);
        (*func)();
        return ticks(t);
}

void show_it(long t)
{
        long lquot, lrem;
        t = (t*1000/182+5)/10;
        lquot = t/10;
        lrem = t%10;
        printf("%3ld.%02d sec", lquot, (int)lrem);
}

void t_printf(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wt");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        for (u=0; u<50*CHK; ++u)
                fprintf(fp, "Now is %d time for %d little indians\n", 123, -456);
        fclose(fp);
}

void b_printf(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wb");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        for (u=0; u<50*CHK; ++u)
                fprintf(fp, "Now is %d time for %d little indians\n", 123, -456);
        fclose(fp);
}

void tu_printf(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wt");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        setbuf(fp, NULL);
        for (u=0; u<5*CHK; ++u)
                fprintf(fp, "Now is %d time for %d little indians\n", 123, -456);
        fclose(fp);
}

void bu_printf(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wb");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        setbuf(fp, NULL);
        for (u=0; u<5*CHK; ++u)
                fprintf(fp, "Now is %d time for %d little indians\n", 123, -456);
        fclose(fp);
}

void t_write(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wt");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        for (u=0; u<250*CHK; ++u)
                fwrite("Now is the time for all good men to come\n", 41, 1, fp);
        fclose(fp);
}

void b_write(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wb");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        for (u=0; u<500*CHK; ++u)
                fwrite("Now is the time for all good men to come\n", 41, 1, fp);
        fclose(fp);
}

void tu_write(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wt");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        setbuf(fp, NULL);
        for (u=0; u<100*CHK; ++u)
                fwrite("Now is the time for all good men to come\n", 41, 1, fp);
        fclose(fp);
}

void bu_write(void)
{
        register FILE *fp;
        register unsigned u;

        fp = fopen("NUL", "wb");
        assert(fp != NULL);
        setbuf(fp, NULL);
        for (u=0; u<200*CHK; ++u)
                fwrite("Now is the time for all good men to come\n", 41, 1, fp);
        fclose(fp);
}

main(void)
{
        show_it(time_it(t_printf));
        printf(": time for text printf buffered\n");
        show_it(time_it(b_printf));
        printf(": time for binary printf buffered\n");
        show_it(time_it(tu_printf));
        printf(": time for text printf unbuffered\n");
        show_it(time_it(bu_printf));
        printf(": time for binary printf unbuffered\n");

        show_it(time_it(t_write));
        printf(": time for text write buffered\n");
        show_it(time_it(b_write));
        printf(": time for binary write buffered\n");
        show_it(time_it(tu_write));
        printf(": time for text write unbuffered\n");
        show_it(time_it(bu_write));
        printf(": time for binary write unbuffered\n");

        return 0;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/sound.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001126�07055334243�015573� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  SOUND.C
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include "sound.h"

void soundon(void)
{
      short value;

      value = inp(SCNTRL);
      value |= SOUNDON;
      outp(SCNTRL, value);
}

void soundoff(void)
{
      short value;

      value = inp(SCNTRL);
      value &= SOUNDOFF;
      outp(SCNTRL, value);
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/sound.h����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007661�07055334244�015613� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  SOUND.H
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #include <int.h>
 #undef int_on
 #undef int_off
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define int_on         enable
 #define int_off        disable
 #ifndef inp
  #define inp           inportb
 #endif
 #ifndef outp
  #define outp          outportb
 #endif
#else /* assume MSC/QC */
 #include <conio.h>
 #define int_on         _enable
 #define int_off        _disable
 #define getvect        _dos_getvect
 #define setvect        _dos_setvect
#endif

/* defines for mktone() update parameter: */

#define ON 0          /* turn the speaker on */
#define UPDATE 1      /* sound is on, just change freq */
#define TOGGLE 2      /* for delay use, turn on, then off */

/* port equates */

#define SCNTRL 0x61   /* sound control port */
#define SOUNDON 0x03  /* bit mask to enable speaker */
#define SOUNDOFF 0xfc /* bit mask to disable speaker */
#define C8253 0x43    /* port address to control 8253 */
#define SETIMER 0xb6  /* tell 8253 to expect freq data next */
#define F8253 0x42    /* frequency address on 8253 */

/* frequency equates (muscical scale) */
/* digit in label is octave number, S indicates Sharp (#) */

#define C0      36489
#define CS0     34445
#define D0      32512
#define DS0     30673
#define E0      28961
#define F0      27329
#define FS0     25804
#define G0      24351
#define GS0     22981
#define A0      21694
#define AS0     20473
#define B0      19326

#define C1      18244
#define CS1     17218
#define D1      16251
#define DS1     15340
#define E1      14480
#define F1      13668
#define FS1     12899
#define G1      12175
#define GS1     11493
#define A1      10847
#define AS1     10238
#define B1      9663

#define C2      9121
#define CS2     8609
#define D2      8126
#define DS2     7670
#define E2      7239
#define F2      6833
#define FS2     6450
#define G2      6088
#define GS2     5746
#define A2      5424
#define AS2     5119
#define B2      4832

#define C3      4561
#define CS3     4305
#define D3      4063
#define DS3     3835
#define E3      3620
#define F3      3417
#define FS3     3225
#define G3      3044
#define GS3     2873
#define A3      2712
#define AS3     2560
#define B3      2416

#define C4      2280
#define CS4     2152
#define D4      2032
#define DS4     1917
#define E4      1810
#define F4      1708
#define FS4     1612
#define G4      1522
#define GS4     1437
#define A4      1356
#define AS4     1280
#define B4      1210

#define C5      1140
#define CS5     1076
#define D5      1016
#define DS5     959
#define E5      905
#define F5      854
#define FS5     806
#define G5      761
#define GS5     718
#define A5      678
#define AS5     640
#define B5      604

#define C6      570
#define CS6     538
#define D6      508
#define DS6     479
#define E6      449
#define F6      427
#define FS6     403
#define G6      380
#define GS6     359
#define A6      339
#define AS6     320
#define B6      302

#define C7      285
#define CS7     269
#define D7      254
#define DS7     240
#define E7      226
#define F7      214
#define FS7     202
#define G7      190
#define GS7     180
#define A7      169
#define AS7     160
#define B7      151

#define C8      143

#define REST    0

typedef struct
{
        unsigned int      freq;
        unsigned int      duration;
} NOTE;

#if __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
#endif

void  mktone(int, int, unsigned),
      dosound(int),
      soundon(void),
      soundoff(void),
      playb_close(void);

int   playb_note(unsigned, unsigned);

NOTE *playb_open(unsigned);

#if __cplusplus
 }
#endif
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/split.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003554�07055334247�015611� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  SPLIT.C - A utility to split large text files into smaller files
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
**
**  uses PSPLIT.C from SNIPPETS
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

void psplit(char *, char *, char *, char *, char *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      long newsize = 32L * 1024L;
      size_t seq = 0;
      char fname[FILENAME_MAX];
      FILE *from;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("SPLIT big_file [size_in_K]\n");
            puts("creates files of the same name, "
                  "but with numeric extensions");
            puts("a maximum file size may be specified for new files");
            return EXIT_SUCCESS;
      }
      if (2 < argc)
      {
            newsize   = atol(argv[2]);
            newsize <<= 10;
      }
      if (NULL == (from = fopen(argv[1], "r")))
      {
            printf("\aSPLIT: error - can't open %s\n", argv[1]);
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      psplit(argv[1], NULL, NULL, fname, NULL);
      while (!feof(from))
      {
            char newname[FILENAME_MAX], buf[1024];
            FILE *to;
            long bytes;

            sprintf(newname, "%s.%03d", fname, seq++);
            if (NULL == (to = fopen(newname, "w")))
            {
                  printf("\aSPLIT: error - can't write %s\n", newname);
                  return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            for (bytes = 0L; !feof(from) && (bytes < newsize); )
            {
                  if (fgets(buf, 1023, from))
                  {
                        fputs(buf, to);
                        bytes += (long)strlen(buf);
                  }
            }
            fclose(to);
            printf("%s written\n", newname);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/lsary.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005130�07055334043�015572� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** LSARY - A simple directory lister using a filename array
** A public domain C demo program by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <dos.h>

/* For portability, make everything look like MSC 6 */

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include <dir.h>
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define _dos_findnext(b) findnext(b)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #ifndef _A_SUBDIR
  #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #endif
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define name ff_name
 #define size ff_fsize
 #define wr_time ff_ftime
 #define wr_date ff_fdate
 #define _dos_getdiskfree getdfree
 #define diskfree_t dfree
 #define avail_clusters df_avail
 #define sectors_per_cluster df_sclus
 #define bytes_per_sector df_bsec
#else                   /* assume MSC/QC                                */
 #include <errno.h>
#endif

#ifdef TRUE
 #undef TRUE
#endif
#ifdef FALSE
 #undef FALSE
#endif
#ifdef ERROR
 #undef ERROR
#endif

enum LOGICAL {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FALSE = 0, TRUE};

#ifndef CAST
 #define CAST(new_type,old_object) (*((new_type *)&(old_object)))
#endif

#define LAST_CHAR(s) (((char *)s)[strlen(s) - 1])

struct DirEntry {
      char fname[FILENAME_MAX];
      struct DirEntry *next;
} DirRoot = {"", NULL};

/*
**  Read a directory into an array
*/

int ReaDirArray(char *path)
{
      struct find_t ff;
      char pattern[67];
      struct DirEntry *base = &DirRoot;

      strcpy(pattern, path);
      if ('/' != LAST_CHAR(pattern) && '\\' != LAST_CHAR(pattern))
            strcat(pattern, "\\");
      strcat(pattern, "*.*");
      if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(pattern, 0xff, &ff)) do
      {
            struct DirEntry *node;

            if (NULL == (node = malloc(sizeof(struct DirEntry))))
                  return ERROR;
            base->next = node;
            strcpy(base->fname, ff.name);
            node->next = NULL;
            *node->fname = '\0';
            base = node;
            
      } while (SUCCESS == _dos_findnext(&ff));
      return SUCCESS;
}

/*
**  Simple directory lister
*/

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *path;

      if (2 > argc)
            path = ".";
      else  path = argv[1];
      if (ERROR == ReaDirArray(path))
            printf("*** Could not read %s\n", path);
      else
      {
            struct DirEntry *node = &DirRoot;
            printf("Directory of %s\n\n", path);
            while (node)
            {
                  puts(node->fname);
                  node = node->next;
            }
      }
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/patmat.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000011240�07055334130�015722� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>

/***********************************************************************
**                                                                    **
**   Function    :  patmat                                            **
**                                                                    **
**   Purpose     :  Pattern Matching                                  **
**                                                                    **
**   Usage       :  Pass two string pointers as parameters.The first  **
**                  being a raw string & the second a pattern the raw **
**                  string is to be matched against.If the raw string **
**                  matches the pattern,then the function returns a   **
**                  1,else it returns a 0.                            **
**                                                                    **
**                  e.g  patmat("abcdefghi","*ghi") returns a 1.      **
**                       patmat("abcdefghi","??c??f*") returns a 1.   **
**                       patmat("abcdefghi","*dh*") returns a 0.      **
**                       patmat("abcdefghi","*def") returns a 0.      **
**                                                                    **
**                  The asterisk is a wild card to allow any charac-  **
**                  ters from its first appearance to the next spec-  **
**                  ific character.The character ? is a wild card     **
**                  for only one character in the position it appears.**
**                  Combinations such as "*?" or "?*" or "**" are     **
**                  illegal for obvious reasons & the functions may   **
**                  goof,though I think it will still work.           **
**                                                                    **
**   Author      :  Sreenath Chary              Nov 29 1988           **
**                                                                    **
**   Logic       :  The only simple way I could devise is to use      **
**                  recursion.Each character in the pattern is        **
**                  taken & compared with the character in the raw    **
**                  string.If it matches then the remaining amount    **
**                  of the string & the remaining amount of the       **
**                  pattern are passed as parameters to patmat again  **
**                  until the end of the pattern.If at any stage      **
**                  the pattern does not match,then we go back one    **
**                  level & at this level if the previous character   **
**                  was a asterisk in the pattern,we hunt again from  **
**                  where we left off,otherwise we return back one    **
**                  more level with a not found & the process goes    **
**                  on till the first level call.                     **
**                                                                    **
**                  Only one character at a time is considered,except **
**                  when the character is an asterisk.You'll get the  **
**                  logic as the program unfolds.                     **
**                                                                    **
***********************************************************************/

patmat(char *raw,char *pat)
{  int  i, slraw;

   if ((*pat == '\0') && (*raw == '\0'))    /*  if it is end of both  */
     return( 1 ) ;                          /*  strings,then match    */
   if (*pat == '\0')                        /*  if it is end of only  */
     return( 0 ) ;                          /*  pat tehn mismatch     */
   if (*pat == '*')                         /* if pattern is a '*'    */
    { if (*(pat+1) == '\0')                 /*    if it is end of pat */
         return( 1 ) ;                      /*    then match          */
      for(i=0,slraw=strlen(raw);i<=slraw;i++)/*    else hunt for match*/
        if ((*(raw+i) == *(pat+1)) ||       /*         or wild card   */
            (*(pat+1) == '?'))
         if (patmat(raw+i+1,pat+2) == 1)    /*      if found,match    */
              return( 1 ) ;                 /*        rest of pat     */
    }
   else
    { if (*raw == '\0')                     /*  if end of raw then    */
         return( 0 ) ;                      /*     mismatch           */
      if ((*pat == '?') || (*pat == *raw))  /*  if chars match then   */
        if (patmat(raw+1,pat+1) == 1)       /*  try & match rest of it*/
           return( 1 ) ;
    }
   return( 0 ) ;                            /*  no match found        */
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/files.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004575�07055333757�015571� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** FILES.C:  A program to determine the number of file handles
**
** Released in to the Public Domian by Matthew Hunt @ 1:129/135, in the
** hopes that no "programmer" will be so lazy that he|she simple reads
** the CONFIG.SYS file ever again.
**
** Any improvements and modifications are welcome, but I ask that all
** modified versions also be placed into the Public Domain.
**
** Information on the List of Lists and SFT format was provided by
** PC Magazine November 26, 1991, and PC Interrupts by Ralf Brown
** and Jim Kyle.  FILES.C was originally written for Power C.
**
** Modifcations for other compiler support by Bob Stout @ 1:106/2000.6
*/

#include <dos.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void FAR *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

/*
** This is the format for a System File Table header.  SFT's are a linked
** list in which the header points to the next SFT, is followed by the
** number of FILES in this SFT, and ends with the FILES themselves, which
** are not important here.
*/

struct SFT_HEADER {
      struct SFT_HEADER (FAR *next);
      unsigned number;
};

/*
** Walk the SFT linked list, counting file handles as we go
*/

int files(void)
{
      struct SFT_HEADER (FAR *sft);
      unsigned int segment, offset;
      int count=0;
      union REGS regs;
      struct SREGS sregs;

      /* Get ptr to List of Lists in ES:DX */

      regs.x.ax = 0x5200;
      segread(&sregs);
      intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);

      /* Get ssss:oooo to first SFT  */

      segment = *((unsigned FAR *)(MK_FP(sregs.es, regs.x.bx + 6)));
      offset  = *((unsigned FAR *)(MK_FP(sregs.es, regs.x.bx + 4)));

      /* Point our structure to it.  */

      sft = MK_FP(segment, offset);

      do
      {
            count += sft->number;               /* Add the number of FILES */
            sft = sft->next;                    /* Point to next one       */
      } while(FP_OFF(sft->next) != 0x0FFFF);    /* Last one in the chain   */

      /* Add the FILES for the last entry */

      count += sft->number;
      return count;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
    printf("Number of FILES entries: %d", files());
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/scrnpick.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003202�07055334217�016255� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* program:    mousword.c
 * programmer: Ray L. McVay
 * date:       20 Oct 1988
 * modified:   15 Feb 93 by Bob Stout to use Bob Jarvis' MOUSE.H and MOUSE.C
 *
 * Demonstration of picking "words" off a text mode PC screen using a mouse.
 * Submitted to the C_ECHO and placed in the public domain, 7 Jun 1992.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "mouse.h"

char word[80];
int FAR *scrn = (int FAR *)0xb8000000L;   /* See VIO.H for a better way */

void getword(char *, int, int);

main(void)
{
      int done, b, x, y;

      ms_reset(&b); /* reset */
      ms_show_cursor();
      for (done = 0; !done; )
      {
            b = ms_get_mouse_pos(&x, &y);
            if (b == 1)
            {
                  ms_hide_cursor();
                  getword(word, x/8, y/8);
                  do
                  {
                        b = ms_get_mouse_pos(&x, &y);
                  } while (b);
                  if (*word)
                        printf("{%s}\n", word);
                  ms_show_cursor();
            }
            else if (b > 1)
                  done = 1;
      }
      ms_reset(&b);
      return 0;
}

void getword(char *w, int x, int y)
{
      int txs, txe, ci;
    
      for (txs = x; (txs >= 0) && ((scrn[80 * y + txs] & 255) != 32); txs--)
            scrn[80 * y + txs] = (scrn[80 * y + txs] & 255) | 0x7000;
      for (txe = x; (txe < 80) && ((scrn[80 * y + txe] & 255) != 32); txe++)
            scrn[80 * y + txe] = (scrn[80 * y + txe] & 255) | 0x7000;
      for (ci = txs + 1; ci < txe; ci++)
            *w++ = (char)scrn[80 * y + ci];
      *w = 0;
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fpswitch.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002637�07055333765�016312� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FPSELECT.C - Demonstrates using function pointers in lieu of switches
*/

#include <stdlib.h>     /* for NULL */

/*  Declare your functions here     */

char *cpfunc1(int);
char *cpfunc2(int);
char *cpfunc3(int);

void vfunc1(void);
void vfunc2(void);
void vfunc3(void);
void vfunc4(void);

/*
**  Old ways using switch statements
*/

char *oldcpswitch(int select, int arg)
{
      switch (select)
      {
      case 1:
            return cpfunc1(arg);
      
      case 2:
            return cpfunc2(arg);
      
      case 3:
            return cpfunc3(arg);
            
      default:
            return NULL;
      }
}

void oldvswitch(int select)
{
      switch (select)
      {
      case 1:
            vfunc1();
            break;
      
      case 2:
            vfunc2();
            break;
      
      case 3:
            vfunc3();
            break;
      
      case 4:
            vfunc4();
            break;
      }
}

/*
**  Using function pointers
*/

char *newcpswitch(int select, int arg)
{
      char *(*cpfunc[3])(int) = { cpfunc1, cpfunc2, cpfunc3 };

      if (select < 1 || select > 3)
            return NULL;
      return (*cpfunc[select-1])(arg);
}

void newvswitch(int select)
{
      void (*vfunc[4])(void) = { vfunc1, vfunc2, vfunc3, vfunc4 };

      if (select > 0 && select < 5)
            (*vfunc[select-1])();
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/missing.txt������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002041�07055334103�016501� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������                              M.I.A. Files
                              ------------


Several folks have asked about the files that inevitably disappear from one
SNIPPETS release to the next.  Some have gone so far as to suggest I include
a brief rationale within SNIPPETS.NDX why each deleted entry (marked with a
'-' in the first column) was dropped.  This would be impractical since
SNIPPETS.NDX is more than a simple index - it also acts as the control file
for SNIPDIFF.  A such it is maintained by a separate program and its entries
read in order when producing SNIPDIFF.  More importantly, its file
verification tag is computed during the automatic maintenance cycle.

In other words, it's more work than I want to tackle right now, OK?

This file is therefore a separate list of all the files deleted from SNIPPETS
since the last release along with the reason they were removed:

Dow.H       : Bug in early 21st century - replaced by function in SCALDATE.C
Dd_Struc.C  : Renamed DD_STRUCT.H
Figets.C    : Buggy, not yet fixed
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/setenvar.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000010011�07055334221�016257� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  SETENVAR.C - Program which sets the DOS master environment upon exit
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>

#if !defined(__ZTC__) && !defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
 #define peek(s,o) (*((unsigned far *)(MK_FP(s,o))))
 #define poke(s,o,w) (*((unsigned far *)(MK_FP(s,o)))=(w))
#endif

#define SUCCESS 0
#define ERROR -1

static unsigned head, tail, start, end;
static int idx = 0;
static unsigned keystack[16][2];

/*
**  ungetkey()
**
**  Stuffs characters into the keyboard buffer.
**
**  Parameters: 1 - Extended character to stuff
**
**  Returns: SUCCESS or EOF
**
**  Note: This function assumes that the keyboard buffer is in
**        the normal (for IBM) location of 40:1E.
**
*/

int ungetkey(unsigned key)
{
        int count;

#ifdef __ZTC__
        peek(0x40, 0x1a, &head, sizeof(unsigned));
        peek(0x40, 0x1c, &tail, sizeof(unsigned));
        peek(0x40, 0x80, &start, sizeof(unsigned));
        peek(0x40, 0x82, &end, sizeof(unsigned));
#else
        head  = peek(0x40, 0x1a);
        tail  = peek(0x40, 0x1c);
        start = peek(0x40, 0x80);
        end   = peek(0x40, 0x82);
#endif
        count = tail - head;
        if (0 > count)
                count += (16 * sizeof(unsigned));
        count >>= 1;

        if (15 > count)
        {
#ifdef __ZTC__
                peek(0x40, tail, &keystack[idx][0], sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                keystack[idx][0] = peek(0x40, tail);
#endif
                keystack[idx][1] = tail;
#ifdef __ZTC__
                poke(0x40, tail, &key, sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                poke(0x40, tail, key);
#endif
                tail += sizeof(unsigned);
                if (end <= tail)
                        tail = start;
#ifdef __ZTC__
                poke(0x40, 0x1c, &tail, sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                poke(0x40, 0x1c, tail);
#endif
                return key;
        }
        return EOF;
}

/*
**  KB_stuff()
**
**  Stuffs strings into the keyboard buffer.
**
**  Parameters: 1 - String to stuff
**
**  Returns: SUCCESS if successful
**           ERROR   in case of error, plus beyboard buffer is
**                   restored
**
**  Note: This function assumes that the keyboard buffer is in
**        the normal (for IBM) location of 40:1E.
*/

int KB_stuff(char *str)
{
        int ercode = SUCCESS;

        idx = 0;
        while (*str)
        {
                if (EOF == ungetkey((unsigned)(*str++)))
                {
                        while (0 <= --idx)
                        {
                                tail = keystack[idx][1];
#ifdef __ZTC__
                                poke(0x40, tail, &keystack[idx][0],
                                        sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                                poke(0x40, tail, keystack[idx][0]);
#endif
                        }
#ifdef __ZTC__
                        poke(0x40, 0x1c, &tail, sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                        poke(0x40, 0x1c, tail);
#endif
                        ercode = ERROR;
                        break;
                }
                else    ++idx;
        }
        idx = 0;
        return ercode;
}

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        FILE *bfile;

        if (3 > argc)
        {
                puts("\aUsage: SETENVAR envar datum");
                abort();
        }
        bfile = fopen("$TMP$.BAT", "w");
        fprintf(bfile, "SET %s=%s\ndel $tmp$.bat\x1a", argv[1], argv[2]);
        fclose(bfile);
        while (kbhit())
                getch();
        KB_stuff("$tmp$\r");
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dd_struc.h�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002032�07055333721�016254� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** DosDate macros - access bitfield values from DOS file date & time
**  for Borland C and C++ compilers by: Wayne Hamilton
*/

#define dd_yr(d)      (((struct { unsigned day:5, mo:4, yr:7; } *) &d)->yr)
#define dd_mo(d)      (((struct { unsigned day:5, mo:4, yr:7; } *) &d)->mo)
#define dd_day(d)     (((struct { unsigned day:5, mo:4, yr:7; } *) &d)->day)
#define dd_hr(t)      (((struct { unsigned sec:5, mn:6, hr:5; } *) &t)->hr)
#define dd_mn(t)      (((struct { unsigned sec:5, mn:6, hr:5; } *) &t)->mn)
#define dd_sec(t)     (((struct { unsigned sec:5, mn:6, hr:5; } *) &t)->sec)

/* then: year = dd_yr(ffblk.ff_date); */

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dir.h>

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      struct ffblk ff;

      findfirst(argv[0], &ff, 0xff);
      printf("%s was saved on %d-%d-%d at %d:%02d:%02d\n", argv[0],
            dd_mo(ff.ff_fdate), dd_day(ff.ff_fdate), dd_yr(ff.ff_fdate),
            dd_hr(ff.ff_ftime), dd_mn(ff.ff_ftime), 2 * dd_sec(ff.ff_ftime));
      return 0;
}

#endif
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cursor.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004540�07055333717�015770� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*****************************************************************/
/**   CURSOR()                                                  **/
/**   ARGUMENTS: A char variable identifiny what to do with     **/
/**              the cursor.                                    **/
/**   RETURN: none                                              **/
/**                                                             **/
/**   DESCRIPTION:  This function receives a character which    **/
/**                 tells it to do one of several things.       **/
/**                 Turn the cursor on or off, or save the      **/
/**                 cursor positon, or restore the position.    **/
/**                                                             **/
/**   BY Bill Wilkie, 1988                                      **/
/*****************************************************************/
 
#include <dos.h>
 
static int position;            /* global to hold cursor postion */
 
void cursor(char tmp)
{
   union REGS inregs,outregs;                   /* cpu registers */
    
   switch(tmp)
   {
      case 'h' :                                  /* CURSOR OFF */
               inregs.h.ah = 1;              /* set cursor size */
               inregs.h.ch = 0x20;  /* set bit turns cursor off */
               int86(0x10,&inregs,&outregs);
               break;
 
      case 's' :                      /* SAVE CURSOR POSITION */
               inregs.h.ah = 3; /* read cursor positon and size */
               inregs.h.bh = 0;              /* from page zero */
               int86(0x10,&inregs,&outregs);
               position = outregs.x.dx;       /* store positon */
               break;
 
      case 'r' :                     /* RESTORE CURSOR POSITON */
               inregs.h.ah = 2;         /* set cursor positon */
               inregs.h.bh = 0;              /* on page zero */
               inregs.x.dx = position; /* at this old position */
               int86(0x10,&inregs,&outregs);
               break;
 
      case 'o' :                                   /* CURSOR ON */
               inregs.h.ah = 1;     /* set cursor size */     
               inregs.h.ch = 6;     /* cursor start line */
               inregs.h.cl = 7;     /* cursor end line */
               int86(0x10,&inregs,&outregs);
               break;
    }
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/stats.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003370�07055334251�015603� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      Collect file statistics                                 */
/*                                                              */
/*      Public domain demo program for analyzing encrypted      */
/*      files. By: Bob Stout                                    */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <assert.h>

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i, ch, hist = 0;
      long n = 0L;
      double mean = 0., stdev = 0., ftmp;
      static unsigned bins[256];
      FILE *infile;

      assert(infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb"));
      while (!feof(infile))
      {
            if (EOF == (ch = fgetc(infile)))
                  break;
            bins[ch] += 1;
            ++n;
      }
      fclose(infile);
      for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
      {
            mean += (double)(bins[i]);
            if (bins[i])
                  ++hist;
      }
      mean /= 256.;
      for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
      {
            ftmp = (double)(bins[i]) - mean;
            stdev += (ftmp * ftmp);
      }
      ftmp  = stdev / 255.;
      stdev = sqrt(ftmp);
      printf("%ld Characters were read from %s\n"
            "There are an average of %f occurances of each character\n"
            "%d Characters out of 256 possible were used\n"
            "The standard deviation is %f\n"
            "The coefficient of variation is %f%%\n",
            n, argv[1], mean, hist, stdev, (100. * stdev) / mean);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/perm_idx.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002010�07055334134�016242� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** Determine the permutation index for a given permutation list.
** Written by Thad Smith III, Boulder, CO  8/31/91
** Hereby contributed to the Public Domain.
**
** The following function computes the ordinal of the given permutation,
** which is index of the permutation in sorting order:
**  1, 2, ..., n-1, n   is index 0
**  1, 2, ..., n, n-1   is index 1
**  ...
**  n, n-1, ..., 2, 1   is index n! -1
**
** The actual values of the elements are immaterial, only the relative
** ordering of the values is used.
**
** pit[] is the array of elements of length size.
** The return value is the permutation index.
*/

int perm_index (char pit[], int size)
{
      int i;
      register int j, ball;
      int index = 0;

      for (i = 1; i < size; i++)
      {
            ball = pit[i-1];
            for (j = i; j < size; j++)
            {
                  if (ball > pit[j])
                        index ++;
            }
            index *= size - i;
      }
      return index;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/stripeof.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002701�07055334265�016302� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  STRIPEOF.C
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define BUFSIZE 16384

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *buf;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: STRIPEOF filename1 [...filenameN]");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      if (NULL == (buf = malloc(BUFSIZE)))
      {
            puts("STRIPEOF internal failure");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      while (--argc)
      {
            int fd;
            size_t bytes;
            int found = 0;
            long zpos = 0L;

            if (-1 == (fd = open(*(++argv), O_RDWR | O_BINARY)))
            {
                  printf("Couldn't open %s\n", *argv);
                  return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            while (0 < (bytes = read(fd, buf, BUFSIZE)))
            {
                  int i;

                  for (i = 0; i < (int)bytes; ++i)
                  {
                        if (('Z' - 64) == buf[i])
                        {
                              found = 1;
                              zpos += i;
                              break;
                        }
                  }
                  if (found)
                        break;
                  zpos += bytes;
            }
            if (found)
                  chsize(fd, zpos);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
���������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/str.cpp����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000014533�07055334254�015623� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������//
// Implements simple string class 'str'
//

# include "str.h"
# include <string.h>
# include <memory.h>
# if defined( _MSC_VER )
# pragma warning(disable:4505)
# endif

# define STDLEN 32

extern "C" void * malloc (unsigned sz);
extern "C" void free (void * ptr);

# if defined( PLACEMENT_NEW_BUG )

inline void *
operator new (unsigned sz, short allocsz)
{
    return malloc (sz + allocsz);
}

# else

void *
refstr::operator new (unsigned sz, short allocsz)
{
    return malloc (sz + allocsz);
}

# endif

void
str::_strinit (char const * s, short len, short siz)
{
    if (len < 0)
        len = (short) ((s) ? strlen (s) : 0);
    if (siz < 0)
        siz = STDLEN;
    if (siz < len + 1)
        siz = short(len + 1);
    strdata = new(siz) refstr(len, siz);
    if (s && len)
        memcpy (c_ptr(), s, len);
}

        // Called whenever string is to be modified or grown
int
str::_chksize (short sz)
{
    refstr * old = 0;
    if (strdata->_refs > 1) // Need to dup memory
        --strdata->_refs;   // Dec existing string reference
    else if (sz >= size())
        old = strdata;
    else
        return 0;
    _strinit (c_ptr(), length(), sz);
    delete old;
    return 1;
}

str &
str::operator= (str const & s)
{
    if (&s != this)
    {
        if (!--strdata->_refs)
            delete strdata;
        strdata = s.strdata;
        ++strdata->_refs;
    }
    return *this;
}

str &
str::operator= (char const * s)
{
    if (s != c_ptr())
    {
        short len = (short) strlen (s);
        _chksize (len);
        memcpy (c_ptr(), s, len + 1);
        strdata->_length = len;
    }
    return *this;
}

str &
str::operator= (char c)
{
    _chksize (1);
    *c_ptr() = c;
    strdata->_length = 1;
    return *this;
}

short
str::insert (short pos, char const * s, short len)
{
    if (len < 0)
        len = (short) strlen (s);
    if (len)
    {
        short leng = strdata->_length;
        if (pos < 0 || pos > leng)
            pos = leng;
        _chksize (short(leng + len));
        char * buf = c_ptr();
        if (pos < leng)
            memmove (buf + pos + len, buf + pos, leng - pos);
        memcpy (buf + pos, s, len);
        strdata->_length += len;
    }
    return length();
}

short
str::remove (short pos, short len)
{
    if (pos >= 0 && pos < length())
    {
        short leng = strdata->_length;
        if (len < 0 || (pos + len) > leng)
            len = short(leng - pos);
        if (len)
        {
            _chksize (0);
            char * buf = c_ptr();
            memcpy (buf + pos, buf + pos + len, leng - (pos + len));
            strdata->_length -= len;
        }
    }
    return length();
}

short
str::replace (short pos, char const * s, short clen, short len)
{
    if (pos >= 0)
    {
        short leng = strdata->_length;
        if (clen < 0 || (pos + clen) > leng)
            clen = short(leng - pos);
        if (len < 0)
            len = (short) strlen (s);
        if (pos > leng)
            pos = leng;
        _chksize (short(leng - clen + len));
        char * buf = c_ptr();
        if (clen != len && clen)
            memmove (buf + pos + len, buf + pos + clen,
                     leng - (pos + clen - len));
        if (len)
            memcpy (buf + pos, s, len);
        strdata->_length += short(len - clen);
    }
    return length();
}


str &
str::left (short len, char padch)
{
    if (len < 0)
        return right (short(-len), padch);
    short leng = strdata->_length;
    if (len != leng)
    {
        _chksize (len);
        if (len > leng)
            memset (strdata->ptr() + leng, padch, leng - len);
        strdata->_length = len;
    }
    return *this;
}

str &
str::right (short len, char padch)
{
    if (len < 0)
        return left(-1, padch);
    short leng = strdata->_length;
    if (len != leng)
    {
        _chksize (len);
        if (len > leng)
        {
            char * buf = strdata->ptr();
            memmove (buf + len - leng, buf, leng);
            memset (buf, padch, len - leng);
        }
        strdata->_length = len;
    }
    return *this;
}

str &
str::mid (short pos, short len, char padch)
{
    if (pos <= 0)
        return left(len, padch);
    short leng = strdata->_length;
    if (pos > leng)
        pos = leng;
    if (leng < len)         // Are we padding?
    {
        _chksize (len);
        char * buf = strdata->ptr();
        short nlen = short((len - (leng - pos)) / 2);
        if (nlen > 0)
        {
            memmove (buf, buf + pos, leng - pos);
            memset (buf + leng - pos, padch, nlen);
            strdata->_length -= short(pos - nlen);
        }
    }
    return right (len, padch);
}


int
str::_concat (char const * s, short len)
{
    if (len < 0)
        len = (short) strlen (s);
    if (len)
    {
        _chksize (short(len + length()));
        memcpy (c_ptr() + length(), s, len);
        strdata->_length += len;
    }
    return length();
}

short
str::removech (char const * clist)
{
    short result = 0;
    if (*clist)
    {
        char * buf, * sub;
        buf = sub = strdata->ptr();
        short nlen = strdata->_length;
        for (short i = 0; i < nlen; ++i)
        {
            if (strchr (clist, *buf) == 0)
            {
                if (result)
                    *sub = *buf;
                ++sub;
            }
            else
            {
                if (!result)
                    _chksize (0);
                ++result;
            }
            ++buf;
        }
        strdata->_length = short(nlen - result);
    }
    return result;
}

short
str::countch (char const * clist)
{
    short result = 0;
    if (*clist)
    {
        char * buf = strdata->ptr();
        short nlen = strdata->_length;
        for (short i = 0; i < nlen; ++i, ++buf)
            if (strchr (clist, *buf) != 0)
                ++result;
    }
    return result;
}


str
left (str const & s, short len, char padch)
{
    str n(s);
    return n.left(len, padch);
}

str
right (str const & s, short len, char padch)
{
    str n(s);
    return n.right(len, padch);
}

str
mid (str const & s, short pos, short len, char padch)
{
    str n(s);
    return n.mid(pos, len, padch);
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/str.doc����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003703�07055334254�015603� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Bear in mind that this is an intentionally simple and plain string class,
devoid of many features which might be found in a more complete
implementation. 

The reason I say 'intentionally' is purely because it was written for a
specific set of uses than to be the be-all and everything-including-your-
kitchen-sink-string-class.  In particular, the aims I had in mind were:

  1.  Portable,

  2.  Small but efficient - where sizeof(str) == sizeof(char *) in
      almost all C++ implementations,

  3.  Doesn't rely upon, but allows for, NUL terminators, so avoids
      lots of redundant length calculations as is common in C. The
      library attempts to use memory operations rather than C string
      operations where possible,

  4.  As much as possible is implemented in-line for speed. All common
      operations are centralised into a 'core' set of private functions.

  5.  Copy constructors and assignment are cheap operations by use of
      reference counting. This makes passing objects by value very cheap
      (requires no as few as possible memory allocations / copying of
      string data), and is conservative with memory.

  6.  Should be easily exchanged with char*.

  7.  Memory management of strings made possible by use of a single
      memory allocation function for string data (easily replaced or
      enhanced)

  8.  Uses absolutely no third party classes, so is stand-alone, making
      it highly reusable,

  9.  Requires no additional include files from the standard library.

  10. Avoids use of cast operators for char const * and therefore 
      prevents problems caused by creation of temporaries (these can
      also occur with member c_str(), but at least you have to explicitly
      invoke it rather than causing a temporary to be used in a dangerous
      manner without notification).


  cheers,
  David Nugent
  Moderator ('93-'94) of the FidoNet C++ international EchoMail conference
�������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cant.c�����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000725�07055333670�015377� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  CANT.C - An fopen() replacement with error trapping
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
**
**  Call just as you would fopen(), but make sure your exit functions are
**  registered with atexit().
*/

#include <stdio.h>

FILE *cant(char *fname, char *fmode)
{
      FILE *fp;

      if (NULL == (fp = fopen(fname, mode)))
      {
            fprintf(stderr, "Can't open %s\n", fname);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      return fp;
}
�������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cast.h�����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002357�07055333670�015414� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#define CAST(new_type,old_object) (*((new_type *)&old_object))
 
#if 0
*************************************************************************
*                                                                       *
*       /* Example of CAST macro at work        */                      *
*                                                                       *
*       union {                                                         *
*               char    ch[4];                                          *
*               int     i[2];                                           *
*       } my_union;                                                     *
*                                                                       *
*       long    longvar;                                                *
*                                                                       *
*               longvar = (long)my_union;       /* Illegal cast */      *
*               longvar = CAST(long, my_union); /* Legal cast   */      *
*                                                                       *
*************************************************************************
#endif  /* 0 */
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/scrnsave.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003252�07055334217�016272� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  SCRNSAVE.C - Save and restore text screen portably
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdlib.h>

/*
**  Stuff from SNIPPETS courtesy of Jim Nutt
**
**  Notes: VIOopen() is called redundantly to assure that the video
**         information is always initialized. These multiple calls are benign.
**
**         Because of using VIO.OBJ, this *must* be compiled in large model!
*/

#include "vio.h"

/*
**  Save the current text screen
**
**  Arguments: None
**
**  Returns: Pointer to saved screen buffer, NULL if insufficient heap
*/

unsigned short *savescreen(void)
{
      unsigned short *vbuf;

      VIOopen();
      if (NULL == (vbuf = malloc(VIOcolumns() * VIOrows() * 2)))
            return NULL;
      VIOgetra(0, 0, VIOcolumns() - 1, VIOrows() - 1, (int _far *)vbuf);
      return vbuf;
}

/*
**  Restore a screen previously saved by savescreen()
**
**  Arguments: Buffer containing the screen to restore
**
**  Returns: Nothing
**
**  WARNING: No error checking done to verify same screen size and mode!
*/

void restorescreen(unsigned short *vbuf)
{
      VIOopen();
      VIOputr(0, 0, VIOcolumns(), VIOrows(), (int _far *)vbuf);
      free(vbuf);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
      unsigned short *vbuf;

      VIOopen();
      if (NULL == (vbuf = savescreen()))
      {
            puts("Unable to save screen");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      VIOclear(0, 0, VIOcolumns(), VIOrows());
      puts("Hit any key to exit");
      getch();
      restorescreen(vbuf);
      VIOclose();
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cdir.c�����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006575�07055333672�015406� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**                          CDIR.C
**
** Written By:    Lynn R. Lively
** Date Written:  9/18/91
**
** Purpose: To provide a change directory facility that will cross
**          drive/partition boundries. Never did understand why
**          MSDOS cd wouldn't do this already.
**
**-----------------------------------------------------------------
** I hereby place this work into the Public Domain. It may be used
** for any legal purpose public or private. Use this material at
** your own risk. I accept no responsibility for the accuracy or
** usability of the information contained herein. Neither do I
** accept liability for any possible damage caused by use of this
** material. However, should you have a problem, question, or
** suggestion I would be glad to help in any way that I can. You
** can reach me at (H) 713-893-7875 or (W) 713-591-6611 x 149.
**-----------------------------------------------------------------
*/

/*
**                          Change History
**
**  Rev #   Date       By      Description of change
**  1.00  | 09/18/91 | LRL | Original Version
**  1.01  | 09/18/91 | RBS | Added MSC, ZTC support for SNIPPETS
**-----------------------------------------------------------------
** Directory of initials:
** Initials          Name
** LRL        Lynn R. Lively
** RBS        Bob Stout
*/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include <dir.h>
#else
 #include <dos.h>
 #include <direct.h>

 #ifdef __ZTC__
  #define _dos_getdrive(d) dos_getdrive(d)
  #define _dos_setdrive(d,m) dos_setdrive(d,m)
  #define drive_t unsigned
 #else
  #define drive_t int
 #endif

 drive_t getdisk(void)
 {
       drive_t drive;

       _dos_getdrive(&drive);
       return drive - 1;
 }

 drive_t setdisk(drive_t drive)
 {
       drive_t max_drives;

       _dos_setdrive(drive + 1, &max_drives);
       return max_drives - 1;
 }
#endif

main (int argc, char * argv[])
{
      int d;
      int max_d;

      char wk_str[128];

      if (argc > 1)
      {
            strupr (argv[1]);
            if (argv[1][1] == ':')
            {
                  /*
                  ** Find out what the maximum drive number can be.
                  */

                  max_d = getdisk ();
                  max_d = setdisk (max_d);

                  d = argv[1][0] - 'A';
                  if (d < max_d)
                  {
                        /*
                        ** If the drive specification was valid position to it
                        ** and then do a change directory.
                        */

                        setdisk (d);
                        chdir (argv[1]);
                  }
                  else
                  {
                        puts ("Invalid drive specification");
                        return -1;
                  }
            }
            else
            {
                  /*
                  ** If the argument has no drive spec just do a regular
                  ** change directory.
                  */

                  chdir (argv[1]);
            }
      }
      else
      {
            /*
            ** If no arguments are passed, return the current working
            ** directory path just like MSDOS cd does.
            */

            puts (getcwd (wk_str, sizeof (wk_str)));
      }
      return 0;
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/iostutor.txt�����������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000030602�07055334022�016724� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������PROLOGUE --------

This tutorial started out as a "small" example of how to interface an I/O
object into the AT&T iostream classes currently provided with almost every
C++ compiler. When I say "small", I mean just that - but the scope of the
information I wanted to present really didn't fit well into that little hole,
so it turned out a little larger than I had initially hoped. However, I think
the effort was worth it - I know it was for me, since although I've done code
which deals with ostream, I hadn't fooled at all with istream derived
facilities, and learned some new things in the process.

I can't really cite any single reference on iostreams that might prove useful
for those wanting to go further other than the AT&T iostreams reference
manual (my copy is out on loan at the moment so I can't quote the ISBN
number). I have never come across one which is more complete than this
reference, and most other references (including documentation from MSC/C++C,
Borland, IBM etc.) tend to quote from it fairly liberally, but lack any of
the important information needed to put it all together. While Microsoft's
C++ tutorial reference has some great hints for getting started in iostream
manipulators, it lacks in providing any information on interfacing to the
iostream classes themselves.

Hopefully the information I've provided below will make some sense. It is as
complete as I could make it without really going overboard. Most of the
ostream related code is gleaned from my own library, but the rest is brand
new.

The text of this tutorial and the accompanying source code are donated to the
public domain.


Tutorial in iostreams ---------------------

This little project started out with the following aims:

A)  To define a simple input/output object, one that consumes bytes sent to
    it and generates data for input into a sample program. It should there-
    fore feature a "read" and "write" function.  The object created is simply
    a loopback buffer - input is queued immediately for output in FIFO (first
    in first out) fashion.

B)  To create a streams interface for this object, so that existing facili-
    ties for I/O in the AT&T streams classes can be used directly in a
    polymorphic fashion (ie. make use of C++ inheritance & virtual dispatch).

    Specifically, I wanted to demonstrate the following aspects of iostreams:

    - Use of buffered vs. unbuffered I/O

    - Using the streams buffer for both input and output operations.  (an
      interface to iostream, rather than just istream or ostream)

    - How the put, get and putback buffers work

C)  To write a trivial application which uses both components and provide a
    means of interactively demonstrating how it all works.


A - The I/O Object ----------------

class Myio;

This class is simply a front-end for a circular buffer. Input bytes are added
at the head, and read from the tail. It is fixed in size, set by the
constructor.

Two read/write functions are provided to access any contained data:

    int Myio::read (char * buf, int max);
    int Myio::write (char const * buf, int len);

These are both non-blocking calls which return the number of bytes read or
written. They know nothing about line delineation - only about raw bytes, as
would be the case for almost any I/O device.

In addition, an internal flag is maintained to indicate when a write results
in a buffer 'overflow' (an attempt to write more bytes than will fit in the
buffer) and 'underflow' (an attempt to read an empty buffer). These flags
reflect the last write and read calls respectively, and are reset or set on
each write or read call.  The members Myio::readok() and Myio::writeok()
rturn the settings as a boolean value.

A Myio object can also optionally create a stream. It is created and comes
into life when the member function Myio::stream() is called. If it was
previously created, this function simply returns a reference to the existing
stream. The stream, if it exists, is deleted by the destructor.

Myio's stream is an iostream, which inherits all of the abilities of both
ostream (for output) and istream (for input), including all operators. This,
of course, is the primary benefit of using streams!


B -  The Streams Interface -----------------------

class Mystreambuf; class Mystreambase; class Mystream;

Three classes as above are used. Mystreambuf derives from streambuf, and is
responsible for the input output operations and buffering on behalf of a Myio
object.  Mystreambase is used as a base class for Mystream to assist in the
initialisation of the (My)streambuf passed to the iostream constructor.

The iostream side is in fact very simple. Nothing really needs to be
overridden, and all of the work is done in Mystreambuf, where all the action
really takes place.

The relationship between the ios/stream classes and the streambuf family is
one of delegation rather than inheritance. The user/application accesses
streambuf I/O via the stream object, not directly.  A class diagram showing
the basic iostream classes and our classes would look like:


         _ istream _ / \ ios -- ostream -- iostream \ \ \ Mystream \_____
Mystreambase _/ | | (owns) | streambuf -- Mystreambuf


All relationships, except the one marked "(owns)", indicate inheritance. The
'owns' relationship is where the delegation occurs.  ios is inherited
virtually, so that there is only one combined 'ios' object at the root of the
streams inheritence tree.

Within Mystreambuf, we need to override the functions responsible for actual
input and output.  But first, let's discuss how this streambuf works.

Mystreambuf uses a single buffer, using the default buffer size allocated for
any streambuf (under most operating systems, this will be 1024 bytes). Since
we are dealing with both input and output operations, and these operations
are independent so far as the streambuf is concerned (as is the case with,
for example, serial I/O, but *not* the case with files), the buffer is split
into two; the first half is used for writing, the second for reading.

The buffer used for writing is called the "put" buffer. Nothing mysterious
there - when full, streambuf::overflow() function is called, and via virtual
dispatch calls our Mystreambuf::overflow() which takes the contents of the
buffer and writes it to the output device.

The read - or "get" - buffer is slightly more complex. There are occasions in
dealing with an input stream where it is convenient to know what's next
without actually removing it from the stream.  That way, you can use the next
character as an indication of what to do next. For example, if you're parsing
a number, you want to know whether or not the next character is a valid
digit, and stop parsing if it isn't. The read side therefore incorporates the
idea of a "putback" buffer - after being read, the character can be placed
back into the input stream.

The putback buffer is entirely the responsibility of any streambuf derived
class. It most you need to support a one character putback buffer - it is not
valid to remove, and then restore, more than one character from the stream.
It is also not valid put 'putback' any character but the one that was the
result of the last 'get'.  It really must be "put back", not any old
character "pushed" (you could actually support 'pushing' data into the stream
if you wanted to, but you shouldn't use putback to do it).

The get buffer is set up as:

    Offset 0 1 2 3 ....  n | | | | to end of buffer |
+---+---+---+---------------------+ ^ ^ | +- Start of get buffer (where data
is read in) | +- Where data is putback

Each time streambuf runs out of characters to give to its client, the
underflow() function is called. This fills the get buffer (get buffer size -
1, starting at offset 1) and reserves the first byte in case the previously
read character needs to be put back.

streambuf provides internal pointers into the put, get and putback areas. All
of the I/O functions it provides handle these automatically. In our
underflow() and overflow() functions, we need to set these pointers according
to where and how much data is read in.

I mentioned above that in our case, the input & output streams are
independant. That's not entirely the case - it may happen that when reading
from the Myio buffer we run out of data and need additional data in the
output stream buffer not yet written to Myio. We therefore flush the output
stream before retrieving any data by calling overflow() directly from within
underflow().

The sync() function is also overridden. This simply empties all buffers by
flushing the output buffer and discarding any buffered input.


C - The Application -----------------

The application itself is a simple menu, offering choice to send a line of
output to the IO object (via its stream), read one in, and dump/display
information both about the stream and Myio object.

This added two other classes to the project:

    - myApplication: the actual application, implemented as a class.  The
      only way to go in C++. :-)

    - myList: a simple line input class, whose sole purpose in life is to
      extract a linefeed delimited line from any istream object and return it
	as a char const *.  (I posted this code last week, but have since fixed
	one minor bug I found in the process of developing Myio).

A couple of subtle points - class myApplication uses a pointer to member
function it its menu selection. This is not the only way of doing this of
course, but I thought it was a good way of demonstrating a very C++ specific
concept, operator ->*, which does not exist at all in C.

Additional notes are included in the source comments.


Making the application ----------------------

Hopefully this is a fairly simple thing to do - just compile the modules:

    Myiodemo.cpp Myio.cpp Mystream.cpp myLine.cpp

and link them together. A simple makefile is provided - take a look at the
definitions at the top, adjust as desired, and type "make" (or nmake). If you
use any of Borland's compilers, just add the above files to a new project
called "Myiodemo.PRJ", set it to produce a .EXE (*not* Windows or PM based)
and press F9.

Assuming a C++ compiler compatibile with cfront 2.1 and the presence of an
iostreans 1.2 library, the only non-portable part of this app is the use of
getch() from conio.h. This isn't easily provided under a UNIX system. You can
either fudge it by writing a getch() which switches into/out of 'raw' mode,
or use getchar() and clear everything up to and including a CR or NL after
the first character (the user still has to hit CR for input to get to the
program).



EPILOGUE --------

Just some notes as to use of this code. If you need an output or input only
class, then you use ostream or istream wherever iostream is mentioned in this
example.  Also, if you use buffered mode (you can support it or not - you can
even ignore the streambuf setting at your discretion), then you can use the
entire buffer rather than just half each for input output.

If you interface to an input only object, you only need to override
streambuf::underflow(). Conversely, you override streambuf::overflow() for an
output only object. I have noticed that *some* implementations of iostreams
define the overflow() and underflow() methods as pure virtual functions,
whereas the AT&T default defines each as simply returning EOF.

If portability is any concern, you may need to override the function you
aren't using in this fashion. The default sync() simply returns 0 (success),
but again, this is sometimes defined as a pure virtual, so you may need to
define it in your implementation.

In some cases, you may wish to "switch" between unbuffered and buffered
modes. This is easily done by defining a function in Mystream which does it,
and this object is of course accessible in your I/O object (in this case
Myio). The only thing you need to remember is to flush all the buffers by
calling sync() when switching from buffered to unbuffered mode.

Note also that some streambuf constructors take an existing buffer. This
means that you can use buffers already provided in your I/O object directly
rather than being forced to "double buffer" anything.  Your buffer can also
be any size you like, subject to memory and other architecture constraints.


Enjoy!

David Nugent - 3:632/348@fidonet.org
Moderor ('93-'94) of the FidoNet international C++ EchoMail conference
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strat.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007733�07055334261�015612� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  strat.c  10-5-91  Robert Mashlan, public domain
**
**   Interface functions to DOS 3.0+ set allocation strategy
**   and get allocation strategy functions via int 21h,
**   function 58h.
**
**   By setting the dos allocation strategy to LAST_FIT_LOW
**   before using DOS the set handle count function int 21h,
**   function 67h, DOS will allocate memory for the extended
**   file handle table at the end of free memory instead of
**   after the last heap allocation, with the benefit of
**   allowing the heap manager make further contiguous
**   allocations from the operating system.
**
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include "strat.h"

/*
**   Gets dos memory allocation strategy via function 0x58.
**   Returns  allocation strategy, else returns -1 and sets
**   _doserrno on error.
*/

int get_alloc_strat(void)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x5800;              /* DOS "get allocation strategy" */
      int86(0x21,&r,&r);
      if (r.x.cflag)                /* error? */
      {
            _doserrno = r.x.ax;     /* save error code */
            return -1;
      }
      else  return r.x.ax;
}

/*
**   Sets DOS memory allocation strategy
**   returns allocation strategy on success,
**   else returns -1 and sets _doserrno on error
*/

int set_alloc_strat( int strat )
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x5801;              /* DOS "set allocation strategy" */
      r.x.bx = strat;
      int86(0x21,&r,&r);
      if (r.x.cflag)                /* error? */
      {
            _doserrno = r.x.ax;     /* save error code */
            return -1;
      }
      _doserrno = 0;
      return strat;
}

/*
**   Uses dos function 67h to increase open file handle count.
**   Returns -1 and sets _doserrno on error, 0 otherwise.
*/

int set_handle_count( unsigned nhandles )
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x6700;
      r.x.bx = nhandles;
      int86(0x21,&r,&r);
      if(r.x.cflag)
      {
            _doserrno = r.x.ax;
            return -1;
      }
      _doserrno = 0;
      return 0;
}

#ifdef DEMO

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

/*
**  returns maximum number of files that can be open
*/

int handle_count(void)
{
      int handles[500];
      int i, result;

      /* try allocating as many file handles as possible */

      for (i = 0; i < 500; i++)
      {
            if( (handles[i]=open("NUL",O_WRONLY)) == -1 )
                  break;
      }
      result = i;

      /* close all files opened */

      for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
            close(handles[i]);
      return result;
}


/*
**   Memory test, returns number of kilobytes that
**   can be allocated before failure.
*/

int memtest(void)
{
      static void *mem[1024];
      int i,result;

      /* try allocating as many 1K blocks as possible */

      for(i=0;i<1024;i++)
      {
            if( (mem[i]=malloc(1024)) == NULL )
                  break;
      }
      result = i;                               /* save result */

      /* free memory allocated */

      for(i--; i >= 0; i--)
            free(mem[i]);
      return result;
}

#define checkdoserror(f) \
   ((f==-1)?printf("%s failed, doserror = %#02x\n",#f,_doserrno):(void)0)

int main(void)
{
      int strat;

      /* do pre-test diagnostics */

      printf("allocated %d Kbytes before failure\n",memtest());
      printf("opened %d files\n",handle_count());

      strat = get_alloc_strat();  /* save current allocation strategy */
      checkdoserror(set_alloc_strat(LAST_FIT_LOW));
      puts("setting handle count to 50, with changed allocation strategy");
      checkdoserror(set_handle_count(50));
      checkdoserror(set_alloc_strat(strat)); /* restore strategy */

      /* do post-test diagnostics */

      printf("allocated %d Kbytes before failure\n",memtest());
      printf("opened %d files\n",handle_count());

      return 0;
}

#endif
�������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strat.h����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000706�07055334261�015610� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  strat.h 10-5-91  Robert Mashlan, public domain
**
**  header file for strat.c
**
*/

const enum {
	FIRST_FIT_LOW,
	BEST_FIT_LOW,
	LAST_FIT_LOW,
	FIRST_FIT_HIGH = 0x80, /* these strategies available only in DOS 5.0 */
	BEST_FIT_HIGH,
	LAST_FIT_HIGH,
	FIRST_FIT_HIGHONLY = 0x40,
	BEST_FIT_HIGHONLY,
	LAST_FIT_HIGHONLY
	};

int get_alloc_strat(void);
int set_alloc_strat( int strat );
int set_handle_count( unsigned nhandles );
����������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/posix_ls.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005711�07055334143�016306� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  POSIX_LS.C - Directory lister using POSIX style processing
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include "dirent.h"

#define SUCCESS 0

void dumpdir(char *dirname, char *mask)
{
      DOS_DIR *dirp;
      struct DSTRUCT *dstruct;

      dirp = opendir(dirname);
      if (!dirp)
      {
            printf("Opening %s returned NULL\n\n", dirname);
            return;
      }
      printf("Dir %s has %d entries\n", dirname, dirp->dd_size);
      do
      {
            if (NULL != (dstruct = readdir(dirp)))
            {
                  if (SUCCESS == dirmask(dstruct, mask, NULL, FA_ANY, 0))
                        printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
            }
            else  puts("EOF\n");
      } while (dstruct);
      printf("seekdir( -1) returned %p\n", seekdir(dirp, -1, SEEK_SET));
      printf("seekdir(999) returned %p\n", seekdir(dirp, 999, SEEK_SET));
      printf("seekdir(0, SEEK_SET) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            0, SEEK_SET));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(1, SEEK_SET) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            1, SEEK_SET));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(4, SEEK_SET) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            4, SEEK_SET));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(4, SEEK_CUR) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            4, SEEK_CUR));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(-1, SEEK_CUR) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            -1, SEEK_CUR));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(1, SEEK_CUR) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            1, SEEK_CUR));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(0, SEEK_END) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            0, SEEK_END));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(-1, SEEK_END) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            -1, SEEK_END));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      printf("seekdir(-4, SEEK_END) returned %p\n", dstruct = seekdir(dirp,
            -4, SEEK_END));
      printf("%3d - %s\n", dirp->dd_loc, dstruct->NAME);
      closedir(dirp);
}

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i;
      char *mask = NULL, *dirname;

      if (1 < argc)
            dirname = argv[1];
      else  dirname = ".";

      if (2 < argc)
            mask = argv[2];
      printf("Calling dumpdir(%s, %s)\n\n", dirname, mask);
      dumpdir(dirname, mask);
}
�������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/scroll.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003407�07055334220�015740� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*--------------------------[ scroll ]--------------------------*/
/*      Scroll the active page up or down a number of lines     */
/*              Public domain code by Jeff Dunlop:              */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* input:                                                       */
/*      dx = direction                                          */
/*      num_lines = number of lines to scroll, 0 = clear coords */
/*      attr = attribute of blank line(s)                       */
/*      y1, x1, y2, x2 = corner coordinates of scroll window    */
/* local:                                                       */
/*      regs = register union for ISR                           */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
#include <dos.h>
#include "scrnmacs.h"
 
void scroll(int direction,
            int num_lines,
            int vattrib,
            int ulrow,
            int ulcomumn,
            int lrrow,
            int lrcolumn)
{
      union REGS regs;
 
      /*
            BH = attribute to be used on blank line
            CH = row of upper left corner of scroll window
            CL = column of upper left corner of scroll window
            DH = row of lower right corner of scroll window
            DL = column of lower right corner of scroll window
      */
 
      regs.h.al = (unsigned char)num_lines;
      regs.h.bh = (unsigned char)vattrib;
      regs.h.ch = (unsigned char)ulrow;
      regs.h.cl = (unsigned char)ulcomumn;
      regs.h.dh = (unsigned char)lrrow;
      regs.h.dl = (unsigned char)lrcolumn;
 
      if (direction == SCROLL_UP)
            regs.h.ah = 0x06;
      else  regs.h.ah = 0x07;
 
      int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/posixdir.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000024206�07055334146�016312� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  POSIXDIR.C - POSIX-style directory processing
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "dirent.h"

#define _NDIRS 20
#define SUCCESS 0
#define ERROR  -1

#define LAST_CHAR(s) ((char *)(s))[strlen(s) - 1]

int DFerr;
DOS_DIR _DIRS[_NDIRS];  /* Initilize DOS_DIR array to zeros     */

/*
**  Convert Unix-style pathnames to DOS-style
*/

static char *unix2dos(char *path)
{
      char *p;

      while (NULL != (p = strchr(path, '/')))
            *p = '\\';
      return path;
}

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*  opendir()                                                   */
/*                                                              */
/*  Function: Open a directory for reading.                     */
/*                                                              */
/*  Parameters: 1 - Directory name. May include path spec.      */
/*                                                              */
/*  Returns: Pointer to a DOS_DIR typedef'ed structure, similar */
/*           to fopen() returning a FILE pointer.               */
/*                                                              */
/*           NULL if error, DFerr set as follows:               */
/*           SUCCESS - No error                                 */
/*           ENOENT  - Could not locate directory or contents   */
/*           ENOTDIR - Not a directory                          */
/*           ENOMEM  - Too many directories already open        */
/*                                                              */
/*  Side effects: The dd_size element of the DOS_DIR structure  */
/*                will contain a number representing the total  */
/*                number of entries in the directory. The       */
/*                dd_loc element will be set to zero since      */
/*                no elements have, as yet, been read.          */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

DOS_DIR *opendir(char *fname)
{
      int i;
      unsigned n = 0;
      char nametmp[13], *p;
      struct DSTRUCT dstruct;

      for (i = 0; i < _NDIRS; ++i)
      {
            if (!_DIRS[i].dd_fd)
                  break;
      }
      if (_NDIRS <= i)
      {
            DFerr = ENOMEM;
            return NULL;
      }

      unix2dos(fname);
      if (':' == fname[1] && 1 < strlen(fname))
            p = &fname[2];
      else  p = fname;
      while ('\\' == LAST_CHAR(p) && 1 < strlen(p))
            LAST_CHAR(p) = '\0';
        
      if (strcmp(p, "\\") && strlen(p))
      {
            if (NULL == (rfind_1st(fname, FA_ANY, &_DIRS[i].dd_buf)))
            {
                  DFerr = ENOENT;
                  return NULL;
            }
            if (!(FA_DIREC & _DIRS[i].dd_buf.ATTRIBUTE))
            {
                  DFerr = ENOTDIR;
                  return NULL;
            }
      }
      strcpy(_DIRS[i].dd_dirname, fname);
      if (!strlen(p))
            strcat(_DIRS[i].dd_dirname, ".");
      if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(_DIRS[i].dd_dirname))
            strcat(_DIRS[i].dd_dirname, "\\");
      strcat(strupr(_DIRS[i].dd_dirname), "*.*");
      if (NULL == rfind_1st(_DIRS[i].dd_dirname, FA_ANY, &_DIRS[i].dd_buf))
      {
            DFerr = ENOENT;
            return NULL;
      }
      memcpy(&dstruct, &_DIRS[i].dd_buf, sizeof(struct DSTRUCT));
      do
      {
            ++n;
      } while (rfind_nxt(&_DIRS[i].dd_buf));
      memcpy(&_DIRS[i].dd_buf, &dstruct, sizeof(struct DSTRUCT));
      _DIRS[i].dd_size = n;
      _DIRS[i].dd_loc  = 0;
      _DIRS[i].dd_fd   = i + 1;
      DFerr = SUCCESS;
      return &_DIRS[i];
}

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*  closedir()                                                  */
/*                                                              */
/*  Function: Close a preeviously opened directory.             */
/*                                                              */
/*  Parameters: 1 - DOS_DIR pointer of directory to close.      */
/*                                                              */
/*  Returns: SUCCESS or ERROR.                                  */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

int closedir(DOS_DIR *dirp)
{
      if (0 == dirp->dd_fd || _NDIRS < dirp->dd_fd)
      {
            DFerr = EBADF;
            return ERROR;
      }
      memset(dirp, 0, sizeof(DOS_DIR));
      return SUCCESS;
}

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*  rewinddir()                                                 */
/*                                                              */
/*  Function: Reset an open DOS_DIR to its first entry.         */
/*                                                              */
/*  Parameters: 1 - DOS_DIR pointer of directory to rewind.     */
/*                                                              */
/*  Returns: SUCCESS or ERROR.                                  */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

int rewinddir(DOS_DIR *dirp)
{
      if (0 == dirp->dd_fd || _NDIRS < dirp->dd_fd)
      {
            DFerr = EBADF;
            return ERROR;
      }
      rfind_1st(dirp->dd_dirname, FA_ANY, &(dirp->dd_buf));
      dirp->dd_loc = 0;
      return SUCCESS;
}

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*  seekdir()                                                   */
/*                                                              */
/*  Function: Point to a selected entry in a DOS_DIR.           */
/*                                                              */
/*  Parameters: 1 - DOS_DIR pointer of directory to rewind.     */
/*              2 - Offset of entry to seek                     */
/*              3 - Origin of offset                            */
/*                                                              */
/*  Returns: A DSTRUCT pointer, same as returned by rfind_1st() */
/*           and rfind_nxt().                                   */
/*                                                              */
/*           NULL if error, DFerr set as follows:               */
/*           SUCCESS - No error                                 */
/*           EBADF   - Bad file (DOS_DIR) pointer               */
/*           EACCES  - Illegal origin specification             */
/*           EOF     - Attempt to seek past end of directory    */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

struct DSTRUCT *seekdir(DOS_DIR *dirp, int offset, int origin)
{
      int i, loc;

      if (0 == dirp->dd_fd || _NDIRS < dirp->dd_fd)
      {
            DFerr = EBADF;
            return NULL;
      }
      switch (origin)
      {
      case SEEK_SET:
            loc = offset + 1;
            break;
      case SEEK_CUR:
            loc = dirp->dd_loc + offset;
            break;
      case SEEK_END:
            loc = dirp->dd_size + offset;
            break;
      default:
            DFerr = EACCES;
            return NULL;
      }

      if (loc > (int)dirp->dd_size || 0 >= loc)
      {
            DFerr = EOF;
            return NULL;
      }

      rewinddir(dirp);
      for (i = 0; i < loc; ++i)
            readdir(dirp);

      DFerr = SUCCESS;
      return (&(dirp->dd_buf));
}

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*  readdir()                                                   */
/*                                                              */
/*  Function: Reads entries from an open directory.             */
/*                                                              */
/*  Parameters: 1 - DOS_DIR pointer of directory to read.       */
/*                                                              */
/*  Returns: A DSTRUCT pointer, same as returned by rfind_1st() */
/*           and rfind_nxt().                                   */
/*                                                              */
/*           NULL if error, DFerr set as follows:               */
/*           SUCCESS - No error                                 */
/*           EBADF   - Bad file (DOS_DIR) pointer               */
/*           EOF     - Attempt to read past end of directory    */
/*                                                              */
/*  Side effects: The dd_loc element of the DOS_DIR structure   */
/*                will contain a number representing which      */
/*                element of the directory was returned. It may */
/*                range from 1 to dd_size.                      */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

struct DSTRUCT *readdir(DOS_DIR *dirp)
{
      if (0 == dirp->dd_fd || _NDIRS < dirp->dd_fd)
      {
            DFerr = EBADF;
            return NULL;
      }
      if (0 == dirp->dd_loc || NULL != rfind_nxt(&(dirp->dd_buf)))
      {
            dirp->dd_loc += 1;
            DFerr = SUCCESS;
            return (&(dirp->dd_buf));
      }
      else
      {
            DFerr = EOF;
            return NULL;
      }
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bitfiles.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006011�07055333652�016245� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  BITFILES.C - reading/writing bit files
**
**  Public domain by Aare Tali
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct  {
      FILE *  file;       /* for stream I/O */
      char    rbuf;       /* read bit buffer */
      char    rcnt;       /* read bit count */
      char    wbuf;       /* write bit buffer */
      char    wcnt;       /* write bit count */
} bfile;

bfile *bfopen(char *name, char *mode)
{
      bfile * bf;

      bf = malloc(sizeof(bfile));
      if (NULL == bf)
            return NULL;
      bf->file = fopen(name, mode);
      if (NULL == bf->file)
      {
            free(bf);
            return NULL;
      }
      bf->rcnt = 0;
      bf->wcnt = 0;
      return bf;
}

int bfread(bfile *bf)
{
      if (0 == bf->rcnt)          /* read new byte */
      {
            bf->rbuf = (char)fgetc(bf->file);
            bf->rcnt = 8;
      }
      bf->rcnt--;
      return (bf->rbuf & (1 << bf->rcnt)) != 0;
}

void bfwrite(int bit, bfile *bf)
{
      if (8 == bf->wcnt)          /* write full byte */
      {
            fputc(bf->wbuf, bf->file);
            bf->wcnt = 0;
      }
      bf->wcnt++;
      bf->wbuf <<= 1;
      bf->wbuf |= bit & 1;
}

void bfclose(bfile *bf)
{
      fclose(bf->file);
      free(bf);
}

void test1(void)
{
      bfile *out;
      bfile *in;
      FILE  *in1;
      FILE  *in2;

      in = bfopen("bitfiles.c", "rb");
      out = bfopen("bitfiles.cc", "wb");
      if ((NULL == in) || (NULL == out))
      {
            printf("Can't open/create test files\n");
            exit(1);
      }
      while (!feof(in->file))
            bfwrite(bfread(in), out);
      bfclose(in);
      bfclose(out);
      in1 = fopen("bitfiles.c", "rb");
      in2 = fopen("bitfiles.cc", "rb");
      if ((NULL == in1) || (NULL == in2))
      {
            printf("Can't open test files for verifying\n");
            exit(1);
      }
      while (!feof(in1) && !feof(in2))
      {
            if (fgetc(in1) != fgetc(in2))
            {
                  printf("Files not identical, copy failed!\n");
                  exit(1);
            }
      }
      if (!feof(in1) || !feof(in2))
      {
            printf("Not same size, copy failed!\n");
            exit(1);
      }
      fclose(in1);
      fclose(in2);
}

void test2(void)
{
      FILE  *in1;
      bfile *in2;
      int    ch;

      in1 = fopen("bitfiles.c", "rb");
      in2 = bfopen("bitfiles.cc", "rb");
      if ((NULL == in1) || (NULL == in2))
      {
            printf("Can't open test files\n");
            exit(1);
      }
      while (!feof(in1) && !feof(in2->file))
      {
            ch = fgetc(in1);
            if (ch < ' ')
                  ch = '.';
            printf(" '%c' ", ch);
            for (ch = 0; ch < 8; ch++)
                  printf("%c", "01"[bfread(in2)]);
            printf("   ");
      }
      fclose(in1);
      bfclose(in2);
}

void main(void)
{
      test1();
      test2();
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/flopcopy.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006306�07055333763�016311� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FLOPCOPY.C
**
**  Copy a floppy to a hard disk directory with directory recursion
**  Public domain, uses functions from SNIPPETS.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include <dir.h>
 #include <dos.h>
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define _dos_findnext(b) findnext(b)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define name ff_name
#else
 #include <direct.h>
 #ifdef __ZTC__
  #include <dos.h>
  #ifndef _A_SUBDIR
   #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
  #endif
 #else                   /* assume MSC/QC                                */
  #include <dos.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <sys\types.h>
 #endif
#endif

#include <sys\stat.h>

#undef SUCCESS
#define SUCCESS 0

#undef NUL
#define NUL '\0'

#define LAST_CHAR(s) (((char *)s)[strlen(s) - 1])

int file_copy(char *,char *);                   /* In Wb_Fcopy.C  */
void do_dir(char *, char *);

/*
**  Copy a floppy to an HD subdirectory
*/

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char fdrv[4] = "A:\\", target[FILENAME_MAX];

      if (3 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: FLOPCOPY drive_letter subdir");
            puts("where: drive_letter is \"A\" or \"B\" (colon optional)");
            puts("       subdir is drive:dir target, e.g. \"C:\\FLOPSTUF\"");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      *fdrv = *argv[1];
      strcpy(target, argv[2]);
      if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(target))
            strcat(target, "\\");
      
      do_dir(fdrv, target);
}

/*
**  Process a directory (SNIPPETS: Treedir.C, modified)
*/

void do_dir(char *from, char *to)
{
      char search[FILENAME_MAX], new[FILENAME_MAX], newto[FILENAME_MAX];
      struct find_t ff;

      strcat(strcpy(search, from), "*.*");
      if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(to, 0xff, &ff))
      {
            if (0 == (ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR))
            {
                  printf("*** %s Exists and is not a directory!\n", to);
                  return;
            }
      }
      else
      {
            strcpy(newto, to);
            if ('\\' == LAST_CHAR(newto))
                  LAST_CHAR(newto) = NUL;
            mkdir(newto);
      }
      if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(search, 0xff, &ff)) do
      {
            if (ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR && '.' != *ff.name)
            {
                  strcat(strcat(strcpy(new, from), ff.name), "\\");
                  strcat(strcat(strcpy(newto, to), ff.name), "\\");
                  do_dir(new, newto);
            }
            else
            {
                  char file1[FILENAME_MAX], file2[FILENAME_MAX];

                  if ((ff.attrib & (_A_SUBDIR | _A_VOLID)) || '.' == *ff.name)
                        continue;
                  strcat(strcpy(file1, from), ff.name);
                  strcat(strcpy(file2, to), ff.name);
                  if (SUCCESS != file_copy(file1, file2))
                        printf("*** Unable to copy %s to %s\n", file1, file2);
                  else  printf("Copied %s to %s\n", file1, file2);
            }
      } while (SUCCESS == _dos_findnext(&ff));
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/style.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003305�07055334271�015605� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/***************************************************************************/
/*  Global (public) headers look like this                                 */
/*                                                                         */
/*  foo()                                                                  */
/*  Parameters: description of each passed datum                           */
/*  Returns: description of return value & significance                    */
/*  Side effects: complete details                                         */
/*  Notes: extra info                                                      */
/***************************************************************************/

/*
** Static (local) headers look like this
**
** Brief description
*/

int foo(void)   /* use ANSI prototypes on every compiler that supports 'em */
{
        int local1, local2;     /* local variable declarations are always
                                   followed by a blank line                */

        do_stuff();
        if (bar(local1))
        {       /* long comments here *//* this lines up with -----------+ */
                char *local3;           /* autos declared close to use   | */
                                        /*                               | */
                do_more_stuff();        /* (everything else indented)    | */
                local2 = strlen(local3);/*                               | */
        }                               /* this <------------------------+ */
        else    local2 = fubar();       /* using tab >= 6, else's line up  */
        return local2;
}                               /* no question where functions end!        */ 
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/combin.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003205�07055333705�015714� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** Compute C(n,m) = the number of combinations of n items,
** taken m at a time.
**
** Written by Thad Smith III, Boulder County, CO.
** Released to the Public Domain  10/14/91.
**
** The def of this function is
**      C(n,m)  = n! / (m! * (n-m)!).
** Computing this formula can cause overflow for large values of n,
** even when C(n,m) would be defined.
**
** The first version will not overflow if C(n,m) * (n-m+1) < ULONG_MAX.
** The second version will not overflow if C(n,m) < ULONG_MAX, but
** is slightly more complex.
** Function domain: n >= 0,  0 <= m <= n.
**
** Both versions work by reducing the product as it is computed.  It
** relies on the property that the product on n consecutive integers
** must be evenly divisible by n.
**
** The first version can be changed to make cnm and the return value
** double to extend the range of the function.
*/

unsigned long ncomb1 (int n, int m)
{
      unsigned long cnm = 1UL;
      int i;

      if (m*2 >n) m = n-m;
      for (i=1 ; i <= m; n--, i++)
            cnm = cnm * n / i;
      return cnm;
}

unsigned long ncomb2 (int n, int m)
{
      unsigned long cnm = 1UL;
      int i, f;

      if (m*2 >n) m = n-m;
      for (i=1 ; i <= m; n--, i++)
      {
            if ((f=n) % i == 0)
                  f   /= i;
            else  cnm /= i;
            cnm *= f;
      }
      return cnm;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
    int n,m;
    n = atoi (argv[1]);
    m = atoi (argv[2]);
    printf ("ncomb1 = %lu, ncomb2 = %lu\n", ncomb1(n,m), ncomb2(n,m));
    return 0;
}

#endif
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bastrngs.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000005753�07055333646�016306� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  BASIC-like string operations
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>

static int stralloc_ptr;
static char *strings[8];
static int str_tag[8];

/*
**  stralloc() is the key function in this package, maintaining a pool of
**  reusable strings.
*/

char *stralloc(size_t length)
{
        register int i;

        i = stralloc_ptr++;
        if ((!strings[i]) || (length > strlen(strings[i])))
        {
                assert(strings[i] = (char *)realloc(strings[i], length));
                str_tag[i] = -1;
        }
        else    str_tag[i] = 0;
        stralloc_ptr &= 7;
        return (strings[i]);
        /* Maintains 8 strings in a circular buffer */
}

/*
**  free the string pool.
*/

void str_free(char *string)
{
        register int i;

        for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
        {
                if (strings[i] == string)
                {
                        if (str_tag[i])
                                free(strings[i]);
                        return;
                }
        }
}

/*
**  return the leftmost N characters from a string
*/

char *left(char *string, size_t N)
{
        char *buf;
        size_t strlength = strlen(string);

	if (N > strlength)
                N = strlength;
        buf = stralloc(N + 1);
        memcpy(buf, string, N);
        buf[N] = '\0';
        return buf;
}

/*
**  return the rightmost N characters from a string
*/

char *right(char *string, size_t N)
{
        char *buf;
        size_t strlength = strlen(string);

	if (N > strlength)
                N = strlength;
        buf = stralloc(N + 1);
        strcpy(buf, &string[strlength-N]);
        return buf;
}

/*
**  return a substring, N characters long beginning at position M
*/

char *mid(char *string, size_t M, size_t N)
{
        char *buf;
        size_t strlength = strlen(string);

	if (M > strlength)
                return NULL;
        if (N > (strlength - M))
                N = strlength - M;
        buf = stralloc(N + 1);
        memcpy(buf, &string[M-1], N);
        buf[N] = '\0';
        return buf;
}

/*
**  string concatenation function, equivalent to A$=B$+C$+...
*/

char *string_add(char *string, ...)
{
        va_list arg_ptr;
        char *temp1, *temp2, *buf;

        va_start(arg_ptr, string);
        temp1 = string;
        do
        {
                if(NULL == (temp2 = va_arg(arg_ptr, char *)))
                        break;
                buf = stralloc(strlen(temp1) + strlen(temp2) + 1);
                temp1 = strcat(strcpy(buf, temp1), temp2);
        } while (NULL != temp2);
        return temp1;
}

#ifdef TEST

/*
**  Demo main()
*/

void main(void)
{
        char *x = "European", *y = "Hardware", *z = "Skaters";

        z = string_add(left(x, 2), right(y, 2), mid(z, 2, 2), "!", NULL);
        puts(z);
}

#endif /* TEST */
���������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getstrng.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003216�07055333777�016315� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** GETSTRNG.C -- Demonstation of dynamic memory allocation to
**               receive string of unknown length.
**
** Ron Sires 1/31/89, released to the public domain.
** Bob Stout 2/18/93, modified to use a static buffer
*/
 
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
#define BLOCKSIZ    16
 
char *getstring(void)
{
      int    newchar;
      size_t i;
      static size_t bufsize = 0;
      static char  *buffer  = NULL;

      /* Get chars from keyboard and put them in buffer.  */

      for (i = 0; ((newchar = getchar()) != EOF) && (newchar != '\n')
            && (newchar != '\r'); ++i )
      {
            if (i + 1 > bufsize)
            {
                  /* If buffer is full, resize it. */

                  if (NULL == (buffer = realloc(buffer, bufsize + BLOCKSIZ)))
                  {
                        puts("\agetstrng() - Insufficient memory");

                        /* Add terminator to partial string */

                        if (buffer)
                              buffer[i] = '\0';
                        return buffer;
                  }
                  bufsize += BLOCKSIZ;
            }
            buffer[i] = (char) newchar;
      }
      buffer[i] = '\0';   /* Tack on a null-terminator. */
      return buffer;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
      char *string;

      puts("Enter strings of any length or <Enter> to quit\n");
      do
      {
            string = getstring();
            printf("You entered:\n\"%s\"\n\n", string);
      } while (strlen(string));
      free(string);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/drvs.c�����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002632�07055333735�015431� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  DRVS.C - public domain by David Gersic, DeKalb, Il 1993
**
**  Routine checks how many valid disk drives are available on machine,
**  both physical and logical drives.
**
**  Includes drive letters assigned with DOS SUBST command and network
**  drives for Novell Netware (and probably other networks).
**
**  Compiled Under MSC 6 LARGE memory Model
**  Should be compatible with other DOS compilers
**
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

main()
{
      union REGS in, out;
      int i;

      /* Novell's shell TSRs allow up to 32 drive 'letters' to be created */

      char drives[]={' ','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j',
                     'k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u',
                     'v','w','x','y','z','[','\\',']','^','_','`'};

      in.x.ax=0x4409;   /* IOCTL function - Check if block device remote  */
      for(i = 1; i < 32; i++)
      {
            in.h.bl=(unsigned char)i;     /* 1==a:, 2==b:, etc.           */
            intdos(&in,&out);
            if(!out.x.cflag)        /* carry flag set on error            */
            {                       /* bit 15 == subst, bit 12 == 'remote'*/
                  printf("drive %c: is %s\n",
                        drives[i],out.x.dx & 1<<15 ? "subst" :
                        out.x.dx & 1<<12 ? "network" : "local");
            }
      }
      return(0);
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/approx.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000011753�07055333644�015767� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/***************************************************************
 *
 * Fuzzy string searching subroutines
 *
 * Author:    John Rex
 * Date:      August, 1988
 * References: (1) Computer Algorithms, by Sara Baase
 *                 Addison-Wesley, 1988, pp 242-4.
 *             (2) Hall PAV, Dowling GR: "Approximate string matching",
 *                 ACM Computing Surveys, 12:381-402, 1980.
 *
 * Verified on:
 *    Datalite, DeSmet, Ecosoft, Lattice, MetaWare, MSC, Turbo, Watcom
 *
 * Compile time preprocessor switches:
 *    DEBUG - if defined, include test driver
 *
 * Usage:
 *
 *    char *pattern, *text;  - search for pattern in text
 *    int degree;      - degree of allowed mismatch
 *    char *start, *end;
 *    int howclose;
 *
 *    void App_init(pattern, text, degree);   - setup routine
 *    void App_next(&start, &end, &howclose); - find next match
 *
 *    - searching is done when App_next() returns start==NULL
 *
 **************************************************************/

#define DEBUG 1

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/* local, static data */

static char *Text, *Pattern; /* pointers to search strings       */
static int Textloc;          /* current search position in Text  */
static int Plen;             /* length of Pattern                */
static int Degree;           /* max degree of allowed mismatch   */
static int *Ldiff, *Rdiff;   /* dynamic difference arrays        */
static int *Loff,  *Roff;    /* used to calculate start of match */

void App_init(char *pattern, char *text, int degree)
{
      int i;

      /* save parameters */

      Text = text;
      Pattern = pattern;
      Degree = degree;

      /* initialize */

      Plen = strlen(pattern);
      Ldiff  = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * (Plen + 1) * 4);
      Rdiff  = Ldiff + Plen + 1;
      Loff   = Rdiff + Plen + 1;
      Roff   = Loff +  Plen + 1;
      for (i = 0; i <= Plen; i++)
      {
            Rdiff[i] = i;   /* initial values for right-hand column */
            Roff[i]  = 1;
      }

      Textloc = -1; /* current offset into Text */
}

void App_next(char **start, char **end, int *howclose)
{
      int *temp, a, b, c, i;

      *start = NULL;
      while (*start == NULL)  /* start computing columns */
      {
            if (Text[++Textloc] == '\0') /* out of text to search! */
                  break;

            temp = Rdiff;   /* move right-hand column to left ... */
            Rdiff = Ldiff;  /* ... so that we can compute new ... */
            Ldiff = temp;   /* ... right-hand column */
            Rdiff[0] = 0;   /* top (boundary) row */

            temp = Roff;    /* and swap offset arrays, too */
            Roff = Loff;
            Loff = temp;
            Roff[1] = 0;

            for (i = 0; i < Plen; i++)    /* run through pattern */
            {
                  /* compute a, b, & c as the three adjacent cells ... */

                  if (Pattern[i] == Text[Textloc])
                        a = Ldiff[i];
                  else  a = Ldiff[i] + 1;
                  b = Ldiff[i+1] + 1;
                  c = Rdiff[i] + 1;

                  /* ... now pick minimum ... */

                  if (b < a)
                        a = b;
                  if (c < a)
                        a = c;

                  /* ... and store */

                  Rdiff[i+1] = a;
            }

            /* now update offset array */
            /* the values in the offset arrays are added to the
               current location to determine the beginning of the
               mismatched substring. (see text for details) */

            if (Plen > 1) for (i=2; i<=Plen; i++)
            {
                  if (Ldiff[i-1] < Rdiff[i])
                        Roff[i] = Loff[i-1] - 1;
                  else if (Rdiff[i-1] < Rdiff[i])
                        Roff[i] = Roff[i-1];
                  else if (Ldiff[i] < Rdiff[i])
                        Roff[i] = Loff[i] - 1;
                  else /* Ldiff[i-1] == Rdiff[i] */
                        Roff[i] = Loff[i-1] - 1;
            }

            /* now, do we have an approximate match? */

            if (Rdiff[Plen] <= Degree)    /* indeed so! */
            {
                  *end = Text + Textloc;
                  *start = *end + Roff[Plen];
                  *howclose = Rdiff[Plen];
            }
      }

      if (start == NULL) /* all done - free dynamic arrays */
            free(Ldiff);
}

#ifdef DEBUG

void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      char *begin, *end;
      int howclose;

      if (argc != 4)
      {
            puts("Usage is: approx pattern text degree\n");
            exit(0);
      }

      App_init(argv[1], argv[2], atoi(argv[3]));
      App_next(&begin, &end, &howclose);
      while (begin != NULL)
      {
            printf("Degree %d: %.*s\n", howclose, end-begin+1, begin);
            App_next(&begin, &end, &howclose);
      }
}

#endif
���������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/hexorint.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001775�07055334011�016306� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  HEXORINT.C - Detect if a string denotes a hex or decimal
**  number by detecting a leading "0X" or trailing "H" string.
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#undef NUL
#define NUL  '\0'
 
#define LAST_CHAR(s) (((char *)s)[strlen(s) - 1])

/*
**  Let strtol() do most of the work
*/

long hexorint(const char *string)
{
      int radix = 0;
      char *dummy, valstr[128];

      strcpy(valstr, string);
      if (strchr("Hh", LAST_CHAR(valstr)))
      {
            LAST_CHAR(valstr) = NUL;
            radix = 16;
      }
      return strtol(valstr, &dummy, radix);
}

/*
**  Test code follows - compile with TEST macro defined to test
*/

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      long val;

      while (--argc)
      {
            val = hexorint(*(++argv));
            printf("Value of %s = %ld = %#lx\n", *argv, val, val);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
���c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getcmt.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000023000�07055333773�015730� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* getcmt.c - get comments from a C or C++ source file    */
/*
                               Byte_Magic Software
                             9850 Meadowglen Ln. #35
                               Houston, Tx.  77042
                                 (713) 975-9033

Author:     Greg Messer
Program:    getcmt.c
Purpose:    Isolate comments from a C or C++ source file. Filter.
Syntax:     getcmt [/L?] [filename]
            (may use redirection for file and/or device I/O)
Release:    Released to the Public Domain by Byte_Magic Software.
Date:       07-11-88 GM...
                First release.
Revised:    01-13-90 GM...
                Streamlined logic.
            01-15-90 Bob Stout (RBS)...
                Fixed unsigned char error as return from getc().
            01-22-90 GM...
                Fixed bug handling "xx/" (xx = **) at end of comment.
                Added C++ comment extraction.
                Added return of count to OS (ERRORLEVEL in MS-DOS).
            01-24-90 RBS
                Added filename spec option
                Added /? switch
System:     Compiled with Zortech C V2.06 under MS-DOS 3.20
            for IBM PCs and compatibles.
Rules:      ANSI C comments begin with /x and end with x/. (x = *).
            Comments do not nest and do not appear in string or character
            constants.
            C++ comments begin with double slashes and end at EOL.
            A Microsoft extension to C allows C++ style comments to serve as
            single-line comments in C source.
Comments:   Useful for creating documentation and improving commenting style.
            Input may be from a specified filename or stdin.
            Output is to stdout, so use DOS redirection for output.
            Messages go to stderr so they are not redirectable from the screen.
            Returns ERRORLEVEL = number of comments in source file(s).
Examples:
            Example... Output to screen:
            getcmt < cfile.c
               (displays comments from cfile.c on screen)
            type cfile.c | getcmt
               (same as above but slightly slower)
            getcmt < cfile.c | more
               (same as above, but pauses after each full screen)
            getcmt cfile.c /l | more
               (same as above, but display line numbers)

            Example... Output to printer:
            getcmt < cfile.c > prn
               (same as above but prints output on printer)
            type cfile.c | getcmt > prn
               (same as above but slightly slower)

            Example... Output to file:
            getcmt < cfile.c > cfile.cmt
               (writes cfile.c comments to cfile.cmt, overwriting existing file)
            getcmt < cfile.c >> cfile.doc
               (writes cfile.c comments to end of cfile.doc (appends))
                       
            getcmt /?
               (displays help screen, returns ERRORLEVEL = 0)
            getcmt /x
               (invalid option - displays help screen, returns ERRORLEVEL = -1)

            For complete instructions on using redirection symbols, consult
            the PC-DOS or MS-DOS manual or a general DOS reference book.
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#define LOOKS_GREAT 1
#define LESS_FILLING 0

int extract_c_cmts(void);
void inside_c_cmt(int);

FILE *infile = stdin;                   /* read input from here             */
int  show_nos = 0;                      /* 0 = don't display line numbers   */
int  line_no = 1;                       /* line_no = line number            */

/*  *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   */

main(int argc, char *argv[])                            /* main logic:      */
{
    register int i;
    const char *hype =
        "\nGETCMT v1.1 - GET CoMmenTs\nby Byte_Magic Software\n";
    const char *help =
        "\nUsage: GETCMT [/l?] [filename | <sourcefile.ext] "
        "[>destination file or device]\n"
        "Options:  l - Print line numbers\n"
        "          ? - Help\n"
        "\nFilename optional - Reads source code from stdin "
        "(Ctrl-C to quit before EOF)\n";
    const char *oops =
        "\a*** GETCMT - Can't open input file ";
                                            /* display messages to operator */
#if LOOKS_GREAT
    fputs(hype, stderr);
#elif LESS_FILLING
    i = 0;
    while(hype[i] != '\0')
        putc(hype[i++], stderr);
#endif

    if (1 < argc)
    {
        for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
        {
            if ('/' == *argv[i])
            {
                if ('l' == tolower(argv[i][1]))
                    show_nos = 1;
                else
                {
                    int ercode;

                    ercode = ('?' == argv[i][1]) ? 0 : -1;
#if LOOKS_GREAT
                    fputs(help, stderr);
#elif LESS_FILLING
                    i = 0;
                    while(help[i] != '\0')
                        putc(help[i++], stderr);
#endif
                    if (ercode)             /* output BEL if invalid seitch */
                        putc('\a', stderr);
                    return(ercode);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                infile = fopen(argv[i], "r");
                if (!infile)
                {
#if LOOKS_GREAT
                    fputs(oops, stderr);
                    fputs(argv[i], stderr);
#elif LESS_FILLING
                    char *p = argv[i];

                    i = 0;
                    while (oops[i])
                        putc(oops[i], stderr);
                    i = 0;
                    while (*p)
                        putc(*p++, stderr);
#endif
                }
            }
        }
    }

    i = extract_c_cmts();                   /* extract comments in infile   */
    putc('\n', stdout);

    return(i);                              /* return number of comments to */
                                            /* OS (ERRORLEVEL in DOS)       */
}

/*  *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   */

int extract_c_cmts()                        /* comment extraction logic:    */
{
    register int chi, cht;              /* chi = char in, cht = char test   */
    int count;                          /* count = comment count            */

    count = 0;
    chi = getc(infile);
    while(chi != EOF)                       /* as long as there is input... */
    {
        if(chi == '/')                      /* process comments             */
        {
            cht = getc(infile);
            if(cht == EOF)
                return(count);
            if(cht == '*' || cht == '/')    /* if start of a comment...     */
            {
                count++;                    /* count it and                 */
                inside_c_cmt(cht);          /* output all of the comment    */
            }
            else
                ungetc(cht, infile);
        }
        if ('\n' == chi)
            line_no += 1;
        chi = getc(infile);                  /* continue scanning input     */
    }
    return(count);
}

/*  *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   */

char *lntoaz(void)                      /* line number to zero-padded ASCII */
{
    int i, num = line_no;
    static char numbuf[] = "0000: ";

    if (9999 < num)
        strncpy(numbuf, "0000", 4);
    else for (i = 3; i >= 0; --i)
    {
        numbuf[i] = (char)('0' + num % 10);
        num /= 10;
    }
    return numbuf;
}

/*  *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   */

void inside_c_cmt(int ch)                   /* comment output logic:        */
{                                           /* input ch = either '*' for C  */
                                            /* or '/' for C++               */

    register int chi, cht;              /* chi = char in, cht = char test   */
#if LESS_FILLING
    char *p;
#endif

    if(ch == '/')                           /* make ch = '\n' if C++        */
        ch = '\n';                          /* note: ch is already 1st char */
                                            /* of end comment if this is C  */
    putc('\n', stdout);
    if (show_nos)
    {
#if LOOKS_GREAT
    fputs(lntoaz(), stdout);
#elif LESS_FILLING
    p = lntoaz();
        while (*p)
        putc(*p++, stdout);
#endif
    }
    chi = getc(infile);
    while(chi != EOF)                       /* as long as there is input... */
    {                                       /* process comments             */
        if(chi == ch)
        {
            if(ch == '\n')                  /* if C++ comment is ended...   */
                return;                     /* stop outputting              */
            cht = getc(infile);
            if(cht == '/')                  /* if C comment is ended...     */
                return;                     /* stop outputting              */
            else
            {
                ungetc(cht, infile);
                putc(chi, stdout);
            }
        }
        else
            putc(chi, stdout);              /* else comment text, output it */
        if ('\n' == chi)
            line_no += 1;
                                            
        chi = getc(infile);                  /* continue scanning input     */
    }
    return;
}

/*  *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   */
/* end of getcmt.c  */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/lzhuf.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000044745�07055334054�015611� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/**************************************************************
    lzhuf.c
    written by Haruyasu Yoshizaki 1988/11/20
    some minor changes 1989/04/06
    comments translated by Haruhiko Okumura 1989/04/07
    getbit and getbyte modified 1990/03/23 by Paul Edwards
      so that they would work on machines where integers are
      not necessarily 16 bits (although ANSI guarantees a
      minimum of 16).  This program has compiled and run with
      no errors under Turbo C 2.0, Power C, and SAS/C 4.5
      (running on an IBM mainframe under MVS/XA 2.2).  Could
      people please use YYYY/MM/DD date format so that everyone
      in the world can know what format the date is in?
    external storage of filesize changed 1990/04/18 by Paul Edwards to
      Intel's "little endian" rather than a machine-dependant style so
      that files produced on one machine with lzhuf can be decoded on
      any other.  "little endian" style was chosen since lzhuf
      originated on PC's, and therefore they should dictate the
      standard.
    initialization of something predicting spaces changed 1990/04/22 by
      Paul Edwards so that when the compressed file is taken somewhere
      else, it will decode properly, without changing ascii spaces to
      ebcdic spaces.  This was done by changing the ' ' (space literal)
      to 0x20 (which is the far most likely character to occur, if you
      don't know what environment it will be running on.
**************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

FILE  *infile, *outfile;
static unsigned long int  textsize = 0, codesize = 0, printcount = 0;

char wterr[] = "Can't write.";

static void Error(char *message)
{
    printf("\n%s\n", message);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

/********** LZSS compression **********/

#define N       4096    /* buffer size */
#define F       60  /* lookahead buffer size */
#define THRESHOLD   2
#define NIL     N   /* leaf of tree */

unsigned char
        text_buf[N + F - 1];
static int     match_position, match_length,
        lson[N + 1], rson[N + 257], dad[N + 1];

static void InitTree(void)  /* initialize trees */
{
    int  i;

    for (i = N + 1; i <= N + 256; i++)
        rson[i] = NIL;        /* root */
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
        dad[i] = NIL;         /* node */
}

static void InsertNode(int r)  /* insert to tree */
{
    int  i, p, cmp;
    unsigned char  *key;
    unsigned c;

    cmp = 1;
    key = &text_buf[r];
    p = N + 1 + key[0];
    rson[r] = lson[r] = NIL;
    match_length = 0;
    for ( ; ; ) {
        if (cmp >= 0) {
            if (rson[p] != NIL)
                p = rson[p];
            else {
                rson[p] = r;
                dad[r] = p;
                return;
            }
        } else {
            if (lson[p] != NIL)
                p = lson[p];
            else {
                lson[p] = r;
                dad[r] = p;
                return;
            }
        }
        for (i = 1; i < F; i++)
            if ((cmp = key[i] - text_buf[p + i]) != 0)
                break;
        if (i > THRESHOLD) {
            if (i > match_length) {
                match_position = ((r - p) & (N - 1)) - 1;
                if ((match_length = i) >= F)
                    break;
            }
            if (i == match_length) {
                if ((c = ((r - p) & (N-1)) - 1) < (unsigned)match_position) {
                    match_position = c;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    dad[r] = dad[p];
    lson[r] = lson[p];
    rson[r] = rson[p];
    dad[lson[p]] = r;
    dad[rson[p]] = r;
    if (rson[dad[p]] == p)
        rson[dad[p]] = r;
    else
        lson[dad[p]] = r;
    dad[p] = NIL; /* remove p */
}

static void DeleteNode(int p)  /* remove from tree */
{
    int  q;

    if (dad[p] == NIL)
        return;         /* not registered */
    if (rson[p] == NIL)
        q = lson[p];
    else
    if (lson[p] == NIL)
        q = rson[p];
    else {
        q = lson[p];
        if (rson[q] != NIL) {
            do {
                q = rson[q];
            } while (rson[q] != NIL);
            rson[dad[q]] = lson[q];
            dad[lson[q]] = dad[q];
            lson[q] = lson[p];
            dad[lson[p]] = q;
        }
        rson[q] = rson[p];
        dad[rson[p]] = q;
    }
    dad[q] = dad[p];
    if (rson[dad[p]] == p)
        rson[dad[p]] = q;
    else
        lson[dad[p]] = q;
    dad[p] = NIL;
}

/* Huffman coding */

#define N_CHAR      (256 - THRESHOLD + F)
                /* kinds of characters (character code = 0..N_CHAR-1) */
#define T       (N_CHAR * 2 - 1)    /* size of table */
#define R       (T - 1)         /* position of root */
#define MAX_FREQ    0x8000      /* updates tree when the */
typedef unsigned char uchar;


/* table for encoding and decoding the upper 6 bits of position */

/* for encoding */
uchar p_len[64] = {
    0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
    0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08
};

uchar p_code[64] = {
    0x00, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x58, 0x60, 0x68,
    0x70, 0x78, 0x80, 0x88, 0x90, 0x94, 0x98, 0x9C,
    0xA0, 0xA4, 0xA8, 0xAC, 0xB0, 0xB4, 0xB8, 0xBC,
    0xC0, 0xC2, 0xC4, 0xC6, 0xC8, 0xCA, 0xCC, 0xCE,
    0xD0, 0xD2, 0xD4, 0xD6, 0xD8, 0xDA, 0xDC, 0xDE,
    0xE0, 0xE2, 0xE4, 0xE6, 0xE8, 0xEA, 0xEC, 0xEE,
    0xF0, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7,
    0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFB, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0xFE, 0xFF
};

/* for decoding */
uchar d_code[256] = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
    0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
    0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,
    0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,
    0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
    0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
    0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
    0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,
    0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A,
    0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B,
    0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0D,
    0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F,
    0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11,
    0x12, 0x12, 0x12, 0x12, 0x13, 0x13, 0x13, 0x13,
    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15,
    0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x17, 0x17, 0x17, 0x17,
    0x18, 0x18, 0x19, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1B,
    0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x1F,
    0x20, 0x20, 0x21, 0x21, 0x22, 0x22, 0x23, 0x23,
    0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27,
    0x28, 0x28, 0x29, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2B,
    0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0x2F,
    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
    0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F,
};

uchar d_len[256] = {
    0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
    0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
    0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
    0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
    0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
    0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
    0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
    0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
    0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
    0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07, 0x07,
    0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
    0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
};

unsigned freq[T + 1]; /* frequency table */

int prnt[T + N_CHAR]; /* pointers to parent nodes, except for the */
            /* elements [T..T + N_CHAR - 1] which are used to get */
            /* the positions of leaves corresponding to the codes. */

int son[T];   /* pointers to child nodes (son[], son[] + 1) */

unsigned getbuf = 0;
uchar getlen = 0;

static int GetBit(void)    /* get one bit */
{
    unsigned i;

    while (getlen <= 8) {
        if ((int)(i = getc(infile)) < 0) i = 0;
        getbuf |= i << (8 - getlen);
        getlen += 8;
    }
    i = getbuf;
    getbuf <<= 1;
    getlen--;
    return (int)((i & 0x8000) >> 15);
}

static int GetByte(void)   /* get one byte */
{
    unsigned i;

    while (getlen <= 8) {
        if ((int)(i = getc(infile)) < 0) i = 0;
        getbuf |= i << (8 - getlen);
        getlen += 8;
    }
    i = getbuf;
    getbuf <<= 8;
    getlen -= 8;
    return (int)((i & 0xff00) >> 8);
}

unsigned putbuf = 0;
uchar putlen = 0;

static void Putcode(int l, unsigned c)     /* output c bits of code */
{
    putbuf |= c >> putlen;
    if ((putlen += l) >= 8) {
        if (putc(putbuf >> 8, outfile) == EOF) {
            Error(wterr);
        }
        if ((putlen -= 8) >= 8) {
            if (putc(putbuf, outfile) == EOF) {
                Error(wterr);
            }
            codesize += 2;
            putlen -= 8;
            putbuf = c << (l - putlen);
        } else {
            putbuf <<= 8;
            codesize++;
        }
    }
}


/* initialization of tree */

static void StartHuff(void)
{
    int i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < N_CHAR; i++) {
        freq[i] = 1;
        son[i] = i + T;
        prnt[i + T] = i;
    }
    i = 0; j = N_CHAR;
    while (j <= R) {
        freq[j] = freq[i] + freq[i + 1];
        son[j] = i;
        prnt[i] = prnt[i + 1] = j;
        i += 2; j++;
    }
    freq[T] = 0xffff;
    prnt[R] = 0;
}


/* reconstruction of tree */

static void reconst(void)
{
    int i, j, k;
    unsigned f, l;

    /* collect leaf nodes in the first half of the table */
    /* and replace the freq by (freq + 1) / 2. */
    j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < T; i++) {
        if (son[i] >= T) {
            freq[j] = (freq[i] + 1) / 2;
            son[j] = son[i];
            j++;
        }
    }
    /* begin constructing tree by connecting sons */
    for (i = 0, j = N_CHAR; j < T; i += 2, j++) {
        k = i + 1;
        f = freq[j] = freq[i] + freq[k];
        for (k = j - 1; f < freq[k]; k--);
        k++;
        l = (j - k) * 2;
        memmove(&freq[k + 1], &freq[k], l);
        freq[k] = f;
        memmove(&son[k + 1], &son[k], l);
        son[k] = i;
    }
    /* connect prnt */
    for (i = 0; i < T; i++) {
        if ((k = son[i]) >= T) {
            prnt[k] = i;
        } else {
            prnt[k] = prnt[k + 1] = i;
        }
    }
}


/* increment frequency of given code by one, and update tree */

static void update(int c)
{
    int i, j, k, l;

    if (freq[R] == MAX_FREQ) {
        reconst();
    }
    c = prnt[c + T];
    do {
        k = ++freq[c];

        /* if the order is disturbed, exchange nodes */
        if ((unsigned)k > freq[l = c + 1]) {
            while ((unsigned)k > freq[++l]);
            l--;
            freq[c] = freq[l];
            freq[l] = k;

            i = son[c];
            prnt[i] = l;
            if (i < T) prnt[i + 1] = l;

            j = son[l];
            son[l] = i;

            prnt[j] = c;
            if (j < T) prnt[j + 1] = c;
            son[c] = j;

            c = l;
        }
    } while ((c = prnt[c]) != 0); /* repeat up to root */
}

unsigned code, len;

static void EncodeChar(unsigned c)
{
    unsigned i;
    int j, k;

    i = 0;
    j = 0;
    k = prnt[c + T];

    /* travel from leaf to root */
    do {
        i >>= 1;

        /* if node's address is odd-numbered, choose bigger brother node */
        if (k & 1) i += 0x8000;

        j++;
    } while ((k = prnt[k]) != R);
    Putcode(j, i);
    code = i;
    len = j;
    update(c);
}

static void EncodePosition(unsigned c)
{
    unsigned i;

    /* output upper 6 bits by table lookup */
    i = c >> 6;
    Putcode(p_len[i], (unsigned)p_code[i] << 8);

    /* output lower 6 bits verbatim */
    Putcode(6, (c & 0x3f) << 10);
}

static void EncodeEnd(void)
{
    if (putlen) {
        if (putc(putbuf >> 8, outfile) == EOF) {
            Error(wterr);
        }
        codesize++;
    }
}

static int DecodeChar(void)
{
    unsigned c;

    c = son[R];

    /* travel from root to leaf, */
    /* choosing the smaller child node (son[]) if the read bit is 0, */
    /* the bigger (son[]+1} if 1 */
    while (c < T) {
        c += GetBit();
        c = son[c];
    }
    c -= T;
    update(c);
    return (int)c;
}

static int DecodePosition(void)
{
    unsigned i, j, c;

    /* recover upper 6 bits from table */
    i = GetByte();
    c = (unsigned)d_code[i] << 6;
    j = d_len[i];

    /* read lower 6 bits verbatim */
    j -= 2;
    while (j--) {
        i = (i << 1) + GetBit();
    }
    return (int)(c | (i & 0x3f));
}

/* compression */

static void Encode(void)  /* compression */
{
    int  i, c, len, r, s, last_match_length;

    fseek(infile, 0L, 2);
    textsize = ftell(infile);
    fputc((int)((textsize & 0xff)),outfile);
    fputc((int)((textsize & 0xff00) >> 8),outfile);
    fputc((int)((textsize & 0xff0000L) >> 16),outfile);
    fputc((int)((textsize & 0xff000000L) >> 24),outfile);
    if (ferror(outfile))
        Error(wterr);   /* output size of text */
    if (textsize == 0)
        return;
    rewind(infile);
    textsize = 0;           /* rewind and re-read */
    StartHuff();
    InitTree();
    s = 0;
    r = N - F;
    for (i = s; i < r; i++)
        text_buf[i] = 0x20;
    for (len = 0; len < F && (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; len++)
        text_buf[r + len] = (unsigned char)c;
    textsize = len;
    for (i = 1; i <= F; i++)
        InsertNode(r - i);
    InsertNode(r);
    do {
        if (match_length > len)
            match_length = len;
        if (match_length <= THRESHOLD) {
            match_length = 1;
            EncodeChar(text_buf[r]);
        } else {
            EncodeChar(255 - THRESHOLD + match_length);
            EncodePosition(match_position);
        }
        last_match_length = match_length;
        for (i = 0; i < last_match_length &&
                (c = getc(infile)) != EOF; i++) {
            DeleteNode(s);
            text_buf[s] = (unsigned char)c;
            if (s < F - 1)
                text_buf[s + N] = (unsigned char)c;
            s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
            r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
            InsertNode(r);
        }
        if ((textsize += i) > printcount) {
            printf("%12ld\r", textsize);
            printcount += 1024;
        }
        while (i++ < last_match_length) {
            DeleteNode(s);
            s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
            r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
            if (--len) InsertNode(r);
        }
    } while (len > 0);
    EncodeEnd();
    printf("In : %ld bytes\n", textsize);
    printf("Out: %ld bytes\n", codesize);
    printf("Out/In: %.3f\n", 1.0 * codesize / textsize);
}

static void Decode(void)  /* recover */
{
    int  i, j, k, r, c;
    unsigned long int  count;

    textsize = (fgetc(infile));
    textsize |= (fgetc(infile) << 8);
    textsize |= (fgetc(infile) << 16);
    textsize |= (fgetc(infile) << 24);
    if (ferror(infile))
        Error("Can't read");  /* read size of text */
    if (textsize == 0)
        return;
    StartHuff();
    for (i = 0; i < N - F; i++)
        text_buf[i] = 0x20;
    r = N - F;
    for (count = 0; count < textsize; ) {
        c = DecodeChar();
        if (c < 256) {
            if (putc(c, outfile) == EOF) {
                Error(wterr);
            }
            text_buf[r++] = (unsigned char)c;
            r &= (N - 1);
            count++;
        } else {
            i = (r - DecodePosition() - 1) & (N - 1);
            j = c - 255 + THRESHOLD;
            for (k = 0; k < j; k++) {
                c = text_buf[(i + k) & (N - 1)];
                if (putc(c, outfile) == EOF) {
                    Error(wterr);
                }
                text_buf[r++] = (unsigned char)c;
                r &= (N - 1);
                count++;
            }
        }
        if (count > printcount) {
            printf("%12ld\r", count);
            printcount += 1024;
        }
    }
    printf("%12ld\n", count);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char  *s;

    if (argc != 4) {
        printf("'lzhuf e file1 file2' encodes file1 into file2.\n"
               "'lzhuf d file2 file1' decodes file2 into file1.\n");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    if ((s = argv[1], s[1] || strpbrk(s, "DEde") == NULL)
     || (s = argv[2], (infile = fopen(s, "rb")) == NULL)
     || (s = argv[3], (outfile = fopen(s, "wb")) == NULL)) {
        printf("??? %s\n", s);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    if (toupper(*argv[1]) == 'E')
        Encode();
    else
        Decode();
    fclose(infile);
    fclose(outfile);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
���������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/eval.c�����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000016212�07055333747�015404� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  EVAL.C - A simple mathematical expression evaluator in C
**
**  operators supported: (
**                       )
**                       +
**                       -
**                       *
**                       /
**                       ^
**
**  limitations: 1 - No precedence rules are implemented.
**               2 - Numbers can be negated (e.g. "-13"), but not
**                   expressions (e.g. "-(13)").
**
**  Original Copyright 1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset* version is hereby donated to the public domain.
**
**  *(The MFL version adds 150 lines of code, 5 level precedence,
**    logarithmic and transcendental operators, pi as a constant,
**    named variables, and fully understands negation.)
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>

#define NUL '\0'

typedef enum {R_ERROR = -2 /* range */, ERROR /* syntax */, SUCCESS} STATUS;

static char   delims[]   = "+-*/^)(";           /* Tokens               */
static char   op_stack[256];                    /* Operator stack       */
static double arg_stack[256];                   /* Argument stack       */
static char   token[256];                       /* Token buffer         */
static int    op_sptr,                          /* op_stack pointer     */
              arg_sptr,                         /* arg_stack pointer    */
              parens,                           /* Nesting level        */
              state = 0;                        /* 0 = Awaiting expression
                                                   1 = Awaiting operator
                                                */

int evaluate(char *, double *);

static int        do_op(void);
static int        do_paren(void);
static void       push_op(char);
static void       push_arg(double);
static STATUS     pop_arg(double *);
static STATUS     pop_op(int *);
static char      *getexp(char *);
static char      *getop(char *);
static void       pack(char *);

#ifdef TEST

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      double val;

      printf("evaluate(%s) ", argv[1]);
      printf("returned %d\n", evaluate(argv[1], &val));
      printf("val = %f\n", val);
}

#endif

/*
**  Evaluate a mathematical expression
*/

int evaluate(char *line, double *val)
{
      double arg;
      char *ptr = line, *str, *endptr;
      int ercode;

      pack(line);

      while (*ptr)
      {
            switch (state)
            {
            case 0:
                  if (NULL != (str = getexp(ptr)))
                  {
                        if ('(' == *str)
                        {
                              push_op(*str);
                              ptr += strlen(str);
                              break;
                        }

                        if (0.0 == (arg = strtod(str, &endptr)) &&
                              NULL == strchr(str, '0'))
                        {
                              return ERROR;
                        }
                        push_arg(arg);
                        ptr += strlen(str);
                  }
                  else  return ERROR;

                  state = 1;
                  break;

            case 1:
                  if (NULL == (str = getop(ptr)))
                        return ERROR;

                  if (strchr(delims, *str))
                  {
                        if (')' == *str)
                        {
                              if (SUCCESS > (ercode = do_paren()))
                                    return ercode;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                              push_op(*str);
                              state = 0;
                        }

                        ptr += strlen(str);
                  }
                  else  return ERROR;

                  break;
            }
      }

      while (1 < arg_sptr)
      {
            if (SUCCESS > (ercode = do_op()))
                  return ercode;
      }
      if (!op_sptr)
            return pop_arg(val);
      else  return ERROR;
}

/*
**  Evaluate stacked arguments and operands
*/

static int do_op(void)
{
      double arg1, arg2;
      int op;

      if (ERROR == pop_op(&op))
            return ERROR;

      pop_arg(&arg1);
      pop_arg(&arg2);

      switch (op)
      {
      case '+':
            push_arg(arg2 + arg1);
            break;

      case '-':
            push_arg(arg2 - arg1);
            break;

      case '*':
            push_arg(arg2 * arg1);
            break;

      case '/':
            if (0.0 == arg1)
                  return R_ERROR;
            push_arg(arg2 / arg1);
            break;

      case '^':
            if (0.0 > arg2)
                  return R_ERROR;
            push_arg(pow(arg2, arg1));
            break;

      case '(':
            arg_sptr += 2;
            break;

      default:
            return ERROR;
      }
      if (1 > arg_sptr)
            return ERROR;
      else  return op;
}

/*
**  Evaluate one level
*/

static int do_paren(void)
{
      int op;

      if (1 > parens--)
            return ERROR;
      do
      {
            if (SUCCESS > (op = do_op()))
                  break;
      } while ('('!= op);
      return op;
}

/*
**  Stack operations
*/

static void push_op(char op)
{
      if ('(' == op)
            ++parens;
      op_stack[op_sptr++] = op;
}

static void push_arg(double arg)
{
      arg_stack[arg_sptr++] = arg;
}

static STATUS pop_arg(double *arg)
{
      *arg = arg_stack[--arg_sptr];
      if (0 > arg_sptr)
            return ERROR;
      else  return SUCCESS;
}

static STATUS pop_op(int *op)
{
      if (!op_sptr)
            return ERROR;
      *op = op_stack[--op_sptr];
      return SUCCESS;
}

/*
**  Get an expression
*/

static char *getexp(char *str)
{
      char *ptr = str, *tptr = token;

      while (*ptr)
      {
            if (strchr(delims, *ptr))
            {
                  if ('-' == *ptr)
                  {
                        if (str != ptr && 'E' != ptr[-1])
                              break;
                  }

                  else if (str == ptr)
                        return getop(str);

                  else if ('E' == *ptr)
                  {
                        if (!isdigit(ptr[1]) && '-' != ptr[1])
                              return NULL;
                  }
                  else break;
            }

            *tptr++ = *ptr++;
      }
      *tptr = NUL;

      return token;
}

/*
**  Get an operator
*/

static char *getop(char *str)
{
      *token = *str;
      token[1] = NUL;
      return token;
}

/*
**  Remove whitespace & capitalize
*/

static void pack(char *str)
{
      char *ptr = str, *p;

      strupr(str);

      for ( ; *ptr; ++ptr)
      {
            p = ptr;
            while (*p && isspace(*p))
                  ++p;
            if (ptr != p)
                  strcpy(ptr, p);
      }
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/doscopy.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003572�07055333731�016133� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/***************************************************
 *      function : copy                            *
 *      purpose  : copy one file                   *
 *                                                 *
 *      arguments: path to source 'fromDir',       *
 *                 path to target 'toDir',         *
 *                 filename to copy 'fname'        *
 *                                                 *
 *      returns  : nothing                         *
 *                                                 *
 *      By       :  Peter Yard (29 May 1991)       *
 ***************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <io.h>

void pmerge(char *path, char *drive, char *dir, char *fname, char *ext);

#define STDOUT fileno(stdout)

void copy(char *fromDir, char *fname, char *toDir)
{
      FILE    *nul;       /* nul will redirect stdout to DOS 'nul' */
      char    from[FILENAME_MAX], to[FILENAME_MAX], comd[128];
      int     bytesRead, oldStdout;

      /* Create the strings to describe the paths                  */

      pmerge(from, NULL, fromDir, fname, NULL);
      pmerge(to, NULL, toDir, fname, NULL);

      /* Construct 'comd' string which is a dos command for a copy */

      strcpy(comd, "copy ");
      strcat(comd, from); strcat(comd, " ");
      strcat(comd, to);

      /* Redirect stdout to a nul file, kills output to the screen */

      nul = fopen("NUL", "w");
      oldStdout = dup(STDOUT);
      dup2(fileno(nul), STDOUT);
      fclose(nul);

      system(comd);           /* COPY file */

      /* Restore stdout and close nul file */

      dup2(oldStdout, STDOUT);
      close(oldStdout);

      /* Display file source and target,      */
      /* otherwise comment out the next line. */

      printf("\n%s copied to %s",from,to);
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getkey.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000000746�07055333774�015752� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1986, S.E. Margison
**  Copyright 1989-92, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version released to the public domain, 1990
*/

#include <conio.h>

int getkey(void)
{
      int i;

      switch (i = (int)getch())
      {
      case 0xe0:
#ifdef MSDOS
            return i;
#endif
      case 0:
            return 256 + (int)getch();
      default:
            return i;
      }
}
��������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/grafline.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002537�07055334003�016233� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Demonstration of PC line drawing characters by David Harmon
*/

#include <stdio.h>

void main(void)
{
      /* compile and run this on a PC, and meditate on the results. */

      puts("ASCII     Decimal       Hex            ASCII Dec Hex\n"
      "-----   -----------   --------         ----- --- ---\n"
      "\332 \302 \277   218 194 191   da c2 bf           \304   196  c4\n"
      "\303 \305 \264   195 197 180   c3 c5 b4           \263   179  b3\n"
      "\300 \301 \331   192 193 217   c0 c1 d9           \315   205  cd\n"
      "                                         \272   186  ba\n"
      "\311 \313 \273   201 203 187   c9 cb bb\n"
      "\314 \316 \271   204 206 185   cc ce b9           \260   176  b0\n"
      "\310 \312 \274   200 202 188   c8 ca bc           \261   177  b1\n"
      "                                         \262   178  b2\n"
      "\326 \322 \267   214 210 183   d6 d2 b7           \333   219  db\n"
      "\307 \327 \266   199 215 182   c7 d7 b6\n"
      "\323 \320 \275   211 208 189   d3 d0 bd           \334   220  dc\n"
      "                                         \335   221  dd\n"
      "\325 \321 \270   213 209 184   d5 d1 b8           \336   222  de\n"
      "\306 \330 \265   198 216 181   c6 d8 b5           \337   223  df\n"
      "\324 \317 \276   212 207 190   d4 cf be\n"
      );
}
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/morse.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000016570�07055334106�015577� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**   <<< Morse Code Functions >>>
** 
** Written by Michael M. Dodd, N4CF, and placed in the public domain.
** 
** The morse() function transmits a string in Morse code on the IBM PC's
** speaker.  The speed is set by a program constant (UNIT_TIME).
** 
** There are several other functions in this file, all used by morse(),
** and defined ahead of morse() for convenience.
** 
** The main() function at the end of the file is a test program to send
** the command-line argument string in morse code.  Enclose multiple
** words in quotes.  Example:  morse "hello, world"
** 
** These functions have been compiled and tested in the Small and Large
** memory models using Microsoft C 6.00a.
**
** Modified for ZTC++, TC++, & BC++ by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** These functions turn on and off the CW tone on the PC's speaker.  The
** frequency is specified by the freq argument.
** IMPORTANT!  These functions are highly IBM PC-specific!
*/

#define CLK_FREQ (1193180L)
#define PIO (0x61)
#define CTC_CMD (0x43)
#define CTC_DATA (0x42)
#define SETUP (0xB6)
#define TONE_ON (0x03)
#define TONE_OFF (0xFC)

void note_on (int freq)        /* Turn on the tone.  */
{
      int divisor ;
      int pio_word ;

      divisor = (int)(CLK_FREQ / (long)(freq)) ;
      outp (CTC_CMD, SETUP) ;
      outp (CTC_DATA, divisor & 0xFF) ;
      outp (CTC_DATA, divisor >> 8) ;
      pio_word = inp (PIO) ;
      outp (PIO, pio_word | TONE_ON) ;
}

void note_off (void)           /* Turn off the tone.  */
{
      int pio_word ;

      pio_word = inp (PIO) ;
      outp (PIO, pio_word & TONE_OFF) ;
}

/*
** These functions implement a timing-loop delay.  Because the PC's
** internal clock is too coarse for accurate CW timing, the pause()
** function uses a simple software loop to produce a delay.
** 
** To minimize the effects of CPU clock speed, the calib() function
** returns a number which represents a rough index of the clock speed
** with relation to the standard IBM PC (this is very approximate).
** 
** Calibration is performed only once, when the static fudge_factor is
** zero.  Thereafter, the contents of fudge_factor are used to form a
** delay value.
** 
** IMPORTANT!  These functions are highly IBM PC-specific!
*/

unsigned int calib (void)
{
      unsigned int far *timerLow = (unsigned int far *)(0x046c) ;
      unsigned int lastTime ;
      unsigned int iter ;

      for (lastTime = *timerLow; lastTime == *timerLow;)
            ;

      for (iter = 0, lastTime = *timerLow; lastTime == *timerLow; iter++)
            ;
#if   defined(__ZTC__)
      return ((unsigned int)((125L * ((long)(iter)) + 50L) / 2300L)) ;
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
      return ((unsigned int)((77L * ((long)(iter)) + 50L) / 2300L)) ;
#else /* assume MSC */
      return ((unsigned int)((100L * ((long)(iter)) + 50L) / 2300L)) ;
#endif
}

void pause (unsigned int amount)
{
      static unsigned int fudge_factor = 0 ;
      unsigned long ul ;

      if (fudge_factor == 0)       /* Calibrate the speed.  */
            fudge_factor = calib () ;

      ul = (unsigned long)(amount) * (long)(fudge_factor) ;
      while (ul--)                 /* Delay.  */
            ;
}

/*
** These functions transmit a dot, a dash, a letter space, and a
** word space.
** 
** Note that a single unit space is automatically transmitted after
** each dot or dash, so the ltr_space() function produces only a
** two-unit pause.
** 
** Also, the word_space() function produces only a four-unit pause
** because the three-unit letter space has already occurred following
** the previous letter.
*/

#define SPACE_MASK (1 << 15)
#define BIT_MASK (0xfe)
#define UNIT_TIME (18)
#define FREQUENCY (1500)

void send_dot (void)           /* Send a dot and a space.  */
{
      note_on (FREQUENCY) ;
      pause (UNIT_TIME) ;
      note_off () ;
      pause (UNIT_TIME) ;
}

void send_dash (void)          /* Send a dash and a space.  */
{
      note_on (FREQUENCY) ;
      pause (UNIT_TIME * 3) ;
      note_off () ;
      pause (UNIT_TIME) ;
}

void ltr_space (void)          /* Produce a letter space.  */
{
      pause (UNIT_TIME * 2) ;
}

void word_space (void)         /* Produce a word space.  */
{
      pause (UNIT_TIME * 4) ;
}


/*
** MORSE () - Transmit a string in Morse code
** 
** This function transmits the string pointed to by the cp argument in
** Morse code on the PC's speaker.  The speed is set by the UNIT_TIME
** constant.
** 
** A static table translates from ASCII to Morse code.  Each entry is
** an unsigned integer, where a zero represents a dot and a one
** represents a dash.  No more than 14 bits may be used.  Setting bit
** 15 produces a word space, regardless of any other pattern.
** 
** The Morse code pattern is taken from bit 0, and is shifted right
** each time an element is sent.  A special "marker bit" follows the
** complete Morse pattern.  This marker bit is tested before
** transmitting each bit; if there are no 1's in bits 1..15, the
** complete character has been sent.
** 
** For example, an "L" would be 0000000000010010, with bit zero
** containing the first dot, bit one the dash, etc.  The marker
** bit is in bit 4.
*/

void morse (char *cp)
{  /*--- MORSE CODE FUNCTION ---*/

      unsigned int c ;
      static unsigned int codes [64] = {
            SPACE_MASK,                      /* Entry 0 = space (0x20)  */
            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,          /* ! " # $  % & " (  */
            0, 0, 0, 115, 49, 106, 41,       /* ) * + , - . /     */
            63, 62, 60, 56, 48, 32, 33, 35,  /* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7   */
            39, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 76,       /* 8 9 : ; < = > ?   */
            0, 6, 17, 21, 9, 2, 20, 11,      /* @ A B C D E F G   */
            16, 4, 30, 13, 18, 7, 5, 15,     /* H I J K L M N O   */
            22, 27, 10, 8, 3, 12, 24, 14,    /* P Q R S T U V W   */
            25, 29, 19                       /* X Y Z  */
            } ;

      pause (0) ;                  /* Calibrate pause() function.  */

      while ((c = *cp++) != '\0')
      {  /*--- TRANSMIT COMPLETE STRING ---*/

            c = toupper (c) ;          /* No lower-case Morse characters.  */
            c -= ' ' ;                 /* Adjust for zero-based table.  */

            if (c < 0 || c > 58)       /* If out of range, ignore it.  */
                  continue ;

            c = codes[c] ;             /* Look up Morse pattern from table. */

            if (c & SPACE_MASK)        /* If the space bit is set..  */
            {                          /* ..send a word space and go on.  */
                  word_space () ;
                  continue ;
            }

            while (c & BIT_MASK)       /* Transmit one character.  */
            {  /*--- TRANSMIT EACH BIT ---*/
                  if (c & 1)
                        send_dash () ;
                  else  send_dot () ;

                  c >>= 1 ;
            }  /*--- TRANSMIT EACH BIT ---*/

            ltr_space () ;             /* Send a space following character. */

      }  /*--- TRANSMIT COMPLETE STRING ---*/

}  /*--- MORSE CODE FUNCTION ---*/


/*
** This is the test program, which transmits argv[1] in Morse code.
*/

void main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
      if (argc > 1)
            morse (argv[1]) ;
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/prtoggle.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004660�07055334153�016274� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  prtoggle()
**
**  Tee's all standard output to the printer.
**
**  Parameters: None
**
**  Returns:  0 if operation was successful.
**           -1 if stdout or stdin is redirected.
**
**  Side effects: Flushes the keyboard buffer
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <io.h>

#if !defined(__ZTC__) && !defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
 #define peek(s,o) (*((unsigned far *)(MK_FP(s,o))))
 #define poke(s,o,w) (*((unsigned far *)(MK_FP(s,o)))=(w))
#endif

#define SUCCESS 0
#define ERROR -1

static unsigned head, tail, start, end;
static int idx = 0;
static unsigned keystack[16][2];

int ungetkey(unsigned key)
{
        int count;

#ifdef __ZTC__
        peek(0x40, 0x1a, &head, sizeof(unsigned));
        peek(0x40, 0x1c, &tail, sizeof(unsigned));
#else
        head = peek(0x40, 0x1a);
        tail = peek(0x40, 0x1c);
#endif
        count = tail - head;
        if (0 > count)
                count += (16 * sizeof(unsigned));
        count >>= 1;

        if (15 > count)
        {
#ifdef __ZTC__
                peek(0x40, tail, &keystack[idx][0], sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                keystack[idx][0] = peek(0x40, tail);
#endif
                keystack[idx][1] = tail;
#ifdef __ZTC__
                poke(0x40, tail, &key, sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                poke(0x40, tail, key);
#endif
                tail += sizeof(unsigned);
                if (0x3e <= tail)
                        tail = 0x1e;
#ifdef __ZTC__
                poke(0x40, 0x1c, &tail, sizeof(unsigned));
#else
                poke(0x40, 0x1c, tail);
#endif
                return key;
        }
        return EOF;
}

int prtoggle(void)
{
      if (!isatty(fileno(stdin)) || !isatty(fileno(stdout)))
            return -1;
      while (kbhit())           /* Flush the keyboard buffer            */
            getch();
      ungetkey('P' - 64);       /* Stuff a Ctrl-P into the buffer       */
      system("");               /* Let COMMAND.COM do the work          */
      return 0;
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bitstrng.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003316�07055333653�016306� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** bitstring(): print bit pattern of bytes formatted to string.
**
** By J. Blauth, Sept. 1992. Hereby placed into the public domain.
**
** byze:    value to transform to bitstring.
** biz:     count of bits to be shown (counted from lowest bit, can be any
**          even or odd number).
** strwid:  total width the string shall have. Since between every 4 bits a
**          blank (0x20) is inserted (not added after lowest bit), width of
**          bitformat only is (biz+(biz/4-1)). Bits are printed right aligned,
**          positions from highest bit to start of string filled with blanks.
**          If value of strwid smaller than space needed to print all bits,
**          strwid is ignored (e.g.:
**                bitstr(s,b,16,5) results in 19 chars +'\0').
**
**   EXAMPLE:
**   for (j = 1; j <= 16; j++) { bitstring(s, j, j, 16); puts(s); }
**       1:                1
**       2:               10
**       3:              011
**       d: 0 0000 0000 1101
**       e: 00 0000 0000 1110
**       f: 000 0000 0000 1111
*/

void bitstring(char *str, long byze, int biz, int strwid)
{
      int i, j;

      j = strwid - (biz + (biz >> 2)- (biz % 4 ? 0 : 1));
      for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
            *str++ = ' ';
      while (--biz >= 0)
      {
            *str++ = ((byze >> biz) & 1) + '0';
            if (!(biz % 4) && biz)
                  *str++ = ' ';
      }
      *str = '\0';
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
      char s[80]; long j;
      for (j = 1L; j <= 16L; j++)
      {
            bitstring(s, (long)j, (int)j, 16);
            printf("%2ld: %s\n", j, s);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mouse.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000022307�07055334111�015571� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** A series of routines to provide access to MicroSoft (and compatible)
** mice.  Consult your mouse documentation for detailed information regarding
** each mouse driver function.
**
** by Bob Jarvis w/ modifications by Bob Stout
*/

#include <dos.h>
#include "mouse.h"

int mouse_present = 0;  /* globally visible */

/*
** Uses driver function 0 to initialize the mouse software to its default
** settings.  If no mouse is present it returns 0.  If a mouse is present, it
** returns -1, and places the value of the mouse type (2 = MicroSoft,
** 3 = Mouse Systems, other values are possible) in *mousetype.  Also
** initializes the global variable mouse_present (0 = no mouse, !0 = mouse
** is available).
*/

int ms_reset(int *mousetype)
{
      union REGS workregs;
      struct SREGS sregs;

      /* check the vector     */

      segread (&sregs);
      workregs.h.ah = 0x35;     /* DOS get vector */
      workregs.h.al = 0x33;     /* mouse vector   */
      intdosx(0x21, &workregs, &workregs, &sregs);

      /* ES:BX now contains the pointer to the interrupt handler */

      if (sregs.es == 0 && inregs.x.bx == 0)
            return mouse_present = 0;

      workregs.x.ax = 0;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
      *mousetype = workregs.x.bx;
      mouse_present = workregs.x.ax;
      return(mouse_present);
}

/*
** Makes the mouse cursor visible.
*/

void ms_show_cursor(void)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 1;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** Hides the mouse cursor.  Should be called before changing any portion of
** the screen under the mouse cursor.
*/

void ms_hide_cursor(void)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 2;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** Obtains information about the mouse position and button status.
** Places the current horizontal and vertical positions in *horizpos and
** *vertpos, respectively.  Returns the mouse button status, which is
** mapped at the bit level as follows:
**    Bit 0 - left button    \
**    Bit 1 - right button    >-- 0 = button up, 1 = button down
**    Bit 2 - middle button  /
*/

int ms_get_mouse_pos(int *horizpos, int *vertpos) /* Returns button status */
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 3;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
      *horizpos = workregs.x.cx;
      *vertpos  = workregs.x.dx;
      return(workregs.x.bx);
}

/*
** Moves the mouse cursor to a new position.
*/

void ms_set_mouse_pos(int horizpos, int vertpos)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 4;
      workregs.x.cx = horizpos;
      workregs.x.dx = vertpos;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** Obtains information about the last time the specified button
** (0 = left, 1 = right, 2 = middle) was pressed.  Returns the current
** button status (same format as return from ms_get_mouse_pos() above).
*/

int ms_button_press_status(int  button,
                           int *press_count,
                           int *column,
                           int *row)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 5;
      workregs.x.bx = button;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
      *press_count = workregs.x.bx;
      *column = workregs.x.cx;
      *row = workregs.x.dx;
      return(workregs.x.ax);
}

/*
** Similar to above but obtains information about the last release of the
** specified button.
*/

int ms_button_release_status(int  button,
                             int *release_count,
                             int *column,
                             int *row)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 6;
      workregs.x.bx = button;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
      *release_count = workregs.x.bx;
      *column = workregs.x.cx;
      *row = workregs.x.dx;
      return(workregs.x.ax);
}

/*
** Forces the mouse cursor to remain within the range specified.
*/

void ms_restrict_horiz(int min, int max)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 7;
      workregs.x.cx = min;
      workregs.x.dx = max;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** Forces the mouse cursor to remain within the range specified.
*/

void ms_restrict_vert(int min, int max)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 8;
      workregs.x.cx = min;
      workregs.x.dx = max;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

void ms_define_window(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
{
      ms_restrict_horiz(left,right);
      ms_restrict_vert(top,bottom);
}

/*
** Allows the user to set the graphics cursor to a new shape.  Check your
** mouse reference manual for full information about the use of this function.
*/

void ms_set_graphics_cursor(int      horiz_hotspot,
                            int      vert_hotspot,
                            unsigned seg_shape_tables,
                            unsigned offset_shape_tables)
{
      union REGS workregs;
      struct SREGS segregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 9;
      workregs.x.bx = horiz_hotspot;
      workregs.x.cx = vert_hotspot;
      workregs.x.dx = offset_shape_tables;
      segregs.es  = seg_shape_tables;
      int86x(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs,&segregs);
}

/*
** Selects either the software or hardware cursor and sets the start and stop
** scan lines (for the hardware cursor) or the screen and cursor masks (for
** the software cursor).  Consult your mouse reference for more information.
*/

void ms_set_text_cursor(int type, int screen_mask, int cursor_mask)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 10;
      workregs.x.bx = type;
      workregs.x.cx = screen_mask;
      workregs.x.dx = cursor_mask;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** Obtains the horizontal and vertical raw motion counts since the last
** request.
*/

void ms_read_motion_counters(int *horiz, int *vert)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 11;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
      *horiz = workregs.x.cx;
      *vert  = workregs.x.dx;
}

/*
** Sets up a subroutine to be called when a given event occurs.
** NOTE: Use with extreme care.  The function whose address is provided MUST
**    terminate with a far return (i.e. must be compiled using large model).
**    Also, no DOS or BIOS services may be used, as the user-defined function
**    is (in effect) an extension to an interrupt service routine.
*/

void ms_set_event_subroutine(int      mask,
                             unsigned seg_routine,
                             unsigned offset_routine)
{
      union REGS workregs;
      struct SREGS segregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 12;
      workregs.x.cx = mask;
      workregs.x.dx = offset_routine;
      segregs.es  = seg_routine;
      int86x(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs,&segregs);
}

/*
** Turns light pen emulation mode on.
*/

void ms_light_pen_on(void)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 13;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** turns light pen emulation mode off.
*/

void ms_light_pen_off(void)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 14;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** Sets the sensitivity of the mouse.  Defaults are 8 and 16 for horizontal
** and vertical sensitivity (respectively).
*/

void ms_set_sensitivity(int horiz, int vert)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 15;
      workregs.x.cx = horiz;
      workregs.x.dx = vert;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
** Sets up a region of the screen inside of which the mouse cursor will
** automatically be 'hidden'.
*/

void ms_protect_area(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 16;
      workregs.x.cx = left;
      workregs.x.dx = top;
      workregs.x.si = right;
      workregs.x.di = bottom;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}

/*
* Similar to ms_set_graphics_cursor() but allows a larger cursor.  Consult
** your mouse documentation for information on how to use this function.
*/

int ms_set_large_graphics_cursor(int      width,
                                 int      height,
                                 int      horiz_hotspot,
                                 int      vert_hotspot,
                                 unsigned seg_shape_tables,
                                 unsigned offset_shape_tables)
{
      union REGS workregs;
      struct SREGS segregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 18;
      workregs.x.bx = (width << 8) + horiz_hotspot;
      workregs.x.cx = (height << 8) + vert_hotspot;
      workregs.x.dx = offset_shape_tables;
      segregs.es  = seg_shape_tables;
      int86x(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs,&segregs);
      if(workregs.x.ax == -1)
            return(workregs.x.ax); /* Return -1 if function 18 supported */
      else  return(0);             /* else return 0                      */
}

/*
** Sets the threshold value for doubling cursor motion.  Default value is 64.
*/

void ms_set_doublespeed_threshold(int speed)
{
      union REGS workregs;

      workregs.x.ax = 19;
      workregs.x.dx = speed;
      int86(MSMOUSE,&workregs,&workregs);
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mouse.h����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002205�07055334111�015571� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*      module:         mouse.h
 *      programmer:     Ray L. McVay
 *      started:        26oct86
 *      updated:        26oct86
 *
 *      Some handy mouse interface functions.
 */

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#define MSMOUSE 0x33

extern int mouse_present;

int  ms_reset(int *);
void ms_show_cursor(void);
void ms_hide_cursor(void);
int  ms_get_mouse_pos(int *, int *);
void ms_set_mouse_pos(int, int);
int  ms_button_press_status(int, int *, int *, int *);
int  ms_button_release_status(int, int *, int *, int *);
void ms_restrict_horiz(int, int);
void ms_restrict_horiz(int, int);
void ms_define_window(int, int, int, int);
void ms_set_graphics_cursor(int, int, unsigned, unsigned);
void ms_set_text_cursor(int, int, int);
void ms_read_motion_counters(int *, int *);
void ms_set_event_subroutine(int, unsigned, unsigned);
void ms_light_pen_on(void);
void ms_light_pen_off(void);
void ms_set_sensitivity(int, int);
void ms_protect_area(int, int, int, int);
int  ms_set_large_graphics_cursor(int, int, int, int, unsigned, unsigned);
void ms_set_doublespeed_threshold(int);
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getseg.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002230�07055333777�015731� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  GETSEG.C - How to get the memory segment of an object
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#define GetSeg(obj) (unsigned)((unsigned long)(((void FAR *)(obj))) >> 16)
#define GetOfs(obj) (unsigned)((unsigned long)(((void FAR *)(obj))) & 0xffff)

int dummyv = 0;

int dummyf(void)
{
      return dummyv;
}

void main(void)
{
      struct SREGS sregs;

      segread (&sregs);
      printf("DS = %04X, CS = %04X\n", sregs.ds, sregs.cs);

#if defined(__ZTC__)
      printf("&dummyv = %lp, dummyf = %lp\n\n",
#else
      printf("&dummyv = %Fp, dummyf = %Fp\n\n",
#endif

#if defined(__ZTC__) || defined(__TURBOC__)
            (int FAR *)&dummyv, (int (FAR *)())dummyf);
#else       /* MSC doesn't allow casting near function pointers to far  */
            (int FAR *)&dummyv, dummyf);
#endif

      printf("GetSeg(dummyv) = %04X, GetSeg(dummyf) = %04X\n",
            GetSeg(&dummyv), GetSeg(dummyf));
      printf("GetOfs(dummyv) = %04X, GetOfs(dummyf) = %04X\n",
            GetOfs(&dummyv), GetOfs(dummyf));
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/head.c�����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002026�07055334010�015334� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define NUL '\000'
#define BEL '\007'
#define LINE_LEN 132

void give_up(char *msg)
{
      putchar(BEL);
      puts(msg);
      exit(-1);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      FILE *infile;
      char line[LINE_LEN + 2];                  /* Allow for '\n' & NUL */
      int i, N = 0;

      if (2 > argc)
            give_up("Usage: HEAD file [number_of_lines]");
      if (NULL == (infile = fopen(argv[1], "r")))
            give_up("Unable to open input file");
      if (2 < argc)
            N = atoi(argv[2]);
      if (!N) N = 4;
      for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
      {
            if (NULL == fgets(line, LINE_LEN + 1, infile))
                  break;
            line[LINE_LEN + 1] = NUL;           /* Allow too-long lines */
            fputs(line, stdout);
            if (!strrchr(line, '\n'))
                  i -= 1;                       /* More to read         */
      }
      fclose(infile);
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}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getvol.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003022�07055334000�015727� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  GETVOL.C - Retrieve a disk volume label
**             (proof you don't need FCBs to do it!)
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <io.h>

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #pragma option -a-
 #include <dir.h>
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define _dos_findnext(b) findnext(b)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define _A_VOLID FA_LABEL
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define name ff_name
#else
 #include <direct.h>
 #if defined(__ZTC__)
  #pragma ZTC align 1
 #else /* MSC/QC/WATCOM/METAWARE */
  #pragma pack(1)
 #endif
#endif

#define SUCCESS 0

char *getvol(char drive)
{
      char search[] = "A:\\*.*";
      static struct find_t ff;

      *search = drive;
      if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(search, _A_VOLID, &ff))
      {
            if (8 < strlen(ff.name))            /* Eliminate period     */
                  strcpy(&ff.name[8], &ff.name[9]);
            return ff.name;
      }
      else  return NULL;
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *label;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("\aUsage: GETVOL d[:]");
            puts("where: d = drive letter (e.g. A, B, C, etc.");
            return -1;
      }
      if (NULL == (label = getvol(*argv[1])))
            printf("Unable to read a label on drive %c:\n", *argv[1]);
      else  printf("The volume label of drive %c: is \"%s\"\n",
            *argv[1], label);
      return 0;
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/Makefile.am������������������������������������������0000644�0000764�0000144�00000000747�07406406026�016337� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������EXTRA_DIST = $(wildcard *.html) $(wildcard *.c) $(wildcard *.h) $(wildcard *.asm) $(wildcard *.txt) \
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#>+ 6
force-reedit:
		cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/Makefile.in


#>+ 2
final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 2
no-final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
no-final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 3
cvs-clean:
	$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean

#>+ 3
kde-rpo-clean:
	-rm -f *.rpo
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/iscons.c���������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001510�07055334023�015732� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  iscons()
**
**  A function to determine if a specified stream refers to the console.
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>

#define BOOL(x) (!(!(x)))

int iscons(FILE *fp)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.x.ax = 0x4400;
      regs.x.bx = (unsigned)fileno(fp);
      intdos(®s, ®s);
      if (0 == (regs.x.ax & 0x80))
            return 0;
      return BOOL(regs.x.ax & 0x13);
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(void)
{
      fprintf(stderr, "stdin is%s redirected\n",
            iscons(stdin) ? " not" : "");
      fprintf(stderr, "stdout is%s redirected\n",
            iscons(stdout) ? " not" : "");
}

#endif /* TEST */
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/grep.c�����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000037066�07055334010�015404� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 * The  information  in  this  document  is  subject  to  change
 * without  notice  and  should not be construed as a commitment
 * by Digital Equipment Corporation or by DECUS.
 *
 * Neither Digital Equipment Corporation, DECUS, nor the authors
 * assume any responsibility for the use or reliability of  this
 * document or the described software.
 *
 *      Copyright (C) 1980, DECUS
 *
 * General permission to copy or modify, but not for profit,  is
 * hereby  granted,  provided that the above copyright notice is
 * included and reference made to  the  fact  that  reproduction
 * privileges were granted by DECUS.
 */
#include <stdio.h>

/*
 * grep
 *
 * Runs on the Decus compiler or on vms, On vms, define as:
 *      grep :== "$disk:[account]grep"      (native)
 *      grep :== "$disk:[account]grep grep" (Decus)
 * See below for more information.
 */

char    *documentation[] = {
"grep searches a file for a given pattern.  Execute by",
"   grep [flags] regular_expression file_list\n",
"Flags are single characters preceeded by '-':",
"   -c      Only a count of matching lines is printed",
"   -f      Print file name for matching lines switch, see below",
"   -n      Each line is preceeded by its line number",
"   -v      Only print non-matching lines\n",
"The file_list is a list of files (wildcards are acceptable on RSX modes).",
"\nThe file name is normally printed if there is a file given.",
"The -f flag reverses this action (print name no file, not if more).\n",
0 };

char    *patdoc[] = {
"The regular_expression defines the pattern to search for.  Upper- and",
"lower-case are always ignored.  Blank lines never match.  The expression",
"should be quoted to prevent file-name translation.",
"x      An ordinary character (not mentioned below) matches that character.",
"'\\'    The backslash quotes any character.  \"\\$\" matches a dollar-sign.",
"'^'    A circumflex at the beginning of an expression matches the",
"       beginning of a line.",
"'$'    A dollar-sign at the end of an expression matches the end of a line.",
"'.'    A period matches any character except \"new-line\".",
"':a'   A colon matches a class of characters described by the following",
"':d'     character.  \":a\" matches any alphabetic, \":d\" matches digits,",
"':n'     \":n\" matches alphanumerics, \": \" matches spaces, tabs, and",
"': '     other control characters, such as new-line.",
"'*'    An expression followed by an asterisk matches zero or more",
"       occurrances of that expression: \"fo*\" matches \"f\", \"fo\"",
"       \"foo\", etc.",
"'+'    An expression followed by a plus sign matches one or more",
"       occurrances of that expression: \"fo+\" matches \"fo\", etc.",
"'-'    An expression followed by a minus sign optionally matches",
"       the expression.",
"'[]'   A string enclosed in square brackets matches any character in",
"       that string, but no others.  If the first character in the",
"       string is a circumflex, the expression matches any character",
"       except \"new-line\" and the characters in the string.  For",
"       example, \"[xyz]\" matches \"xx\" and \"zyx\", while \"[^xyz]\"",
"       matches \"abc\" but not \"axb\".  A range of characters may be",
"       specified by two characters separated by \"-\".  Note that,",
"       [a-z] matches alphabetics, while [z-a] never matches.",
"The concatenation of regular expressions is a regular expression.",
0};

#define LMAX    512
#define PMAX    256

#define CHAR    1
#define BOL     2
#define EOL     3
#define ANY     4
#define CLASS   5
#define NCLASS  6
#define STAR    7
#define PLUS    8
#define MINUS   9
#define ALPHA   10
#define DIGIT   11
#define NALPHA  12
#define PUNCT   13
#define RANGE   14
#define ENDPAT  15

int cflag=0, fflag=0, nflag=0, vflag=0, nfile=0, debug=0;

char *pp, lbuf[LMAX], pbuf[PMAX];

extern char *cclass(), *pmatch();


/*** Main program - parse arguments & grep *************/
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
   register char   *p;
   register int    c, i;
   int             gotpattern;

   FILE            *f;

   if (argc <= 1)
      usage("No arguments");
   if (argc == 2 && argv[1][0] == '?' && argv[1][1] == 0) {
      help(documentation);
      help(patdoc);
      return;
      }
   nfile = argc-1;
   gotpattern = 0;
   for (i=1; i < argc; ++i) {
      p = argv[i];
      if (*p == '-') {
         ++p;
         while (c = *p++) {
            switch(tolower(c)) {

            case '?':
               help(documentation);
               break;

            case 'C':
            case 'c':
               ++cflag;
               break;

            case 'D':
            case 'd':
               ++debug;
               break;

            case 'F':
            case 'f':
               ++fflag;
               break;

            case 'n':
            case 'N':
               ++nflag;
               break;

            case 'v':
            case 'V':
               ++vflag;
               break;

            default:
               usage("Unknown flag");
            }
         }
         argv[i] = 0;
         --nfile;
      } else if (!gotpattern) {
         compile(p);
         argv[i] = 0;
         ++gotpattern;
         --nfile;
      }
   }
   if (!gotpattern)
      usage("No pattern");
   if (nfile == 0)
      grep(stdin, 0);
   else {
      fflag = fflag ^ (nfile > 0);
      for (i=1; i < argc; ++i) {
         if (p = argv[i]) {
            if ((f=fopen(p, "r")) == NULL)
               cant(p);
            else {
               grep(f, p);
               fclose(f);
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

/*** Display a file name *******************************/
file(s)
char *s;
{
   printf("File %s:\n", s);
}

/*** Report unopenable file ****************************/
cant(s)
char *s;
{
   fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot open\n", s);
}

/*** Give good help ************************************/
help(hp)
char **hp;
{
   register char   **dp;

   for (dp = hp; *dp; ++dp)
      printf("%s\n", *dp);
}

/*** Display usage summary *****************************/
usage(s)
char    *s;
{
   fprintf(stderr, "?GREP-E-%s\n", s);
   fprintf(stderr,
      "Usage: grep [-cfnv] pattern [file ...].  grep ? for help\n");
   exit(1);
}

/*** Compile the pattern into global pbuf[] ************/
compile(source)
char       *source;   /* Pattern to compile */
{
   register char  *s;         /* Source string pointer     */
   register char  *lp;        /* Last pattern pointer      */
   register int   c;          /* Current character         */
   int            o;          /* Temp                      */
   char           *spp;       /* Save beginning of pattern */

   s = source;
   if (debug)
      printf("Pattern = \"%s\"\n", s);
   pp = pbuf;
   while (c = *s++) {
      /*
       * STAR, PLUS and MINUS are special.
       */
      if (c == '*' || c == '+' || c == '-') {
         if (pp == pbuf ||
              (o=pp[-1]) == BOL ||
              o == EOL ||
              o == STAR ||
              o == PLUS ||
              o == MINUS)
            badpat("Illegal occurrance op.", source, s);
         store(ENDPAT);
         store(ENDPAT);
         spp = pp;               /* Save pattern end     */
         while (--pp > lp)       /* Move pattern down    */
            *pp = pp[-1];        /* one byte             */
         *pp =   (c == '*') ? STAR :
            (c == '-') ? MINUS : PLUS;
         pp = spp;               /* Restore pattern end  */
         continue;
      }
      /*
       * All the rest.
       */
      lp = pp;         /* Remember start       */
      switch(c) {

      case '^':
         store(BOL);
         break;

      case '$':
         store(EOL);
         break;

      case '.':
         store(ANY);
         break;

      case '[':
         s = cclass(source, s);
         break;

      case ':':
         if (*s) {
            switch(tolower(c = *s++)) {

            case 'a':
            case 'A':
               store(ALPHA);
               break;

            case 'd':
            case 'D':
               store(DIGIT);
               break;

            case 'n':
            case 'N':
               store(NALPHA);
               break;

            case ' ':
               store(PUNCT);
               break;

            default:
               badpat("Unknown : type", source, s);

            }
            break;
         }
         else    badpat("No : type", source, s);

      case '\\':
         if (*s)
            c = *s++;

      default:
         store(CHAR);
         store(tolower(c));
      }
   }
   store(ENDPAT);
   store(0);                /* Terminate string     */
   if (debug) {
      for (lp = pbuf; lp < pp;) {
         if ((c = (*lp++ & 0377)) < ' ')
            printf("\\%o ", c);
         else    printf("%c ", c);
        }
        printf("\n");
   }
}

/*** Compile a class (within []) ***********************/
char *cclass(source, src)
char       *source;   /* Pattern start -- for error msg. */
char       *src;      /* Class start */
{
   register char   *s;        /* Source pointer    */
   register char   *cp;       /* Pattern start     */
   register int    c;         /* Current character */
   int             o;         /* Temp              */

   s = src;
   o = CLASS;
   if (*s == '^') {
      ++s;
      o = NCLASS;
   }
   store(o);
   cp = pp;
   store(0);                          /* Byte count      */
   while ((c = *s++) && c!=']') {
      if (c == '\\') {                /* Store quoted char    */
         if ((c = *s++) == '\0')      /* Gotta get something  */
            badpat("Class terminates badly", source, s);
         else    store(tolower(c));
      }
      else if (c == '-' &&
            (pp - cp) > 1 && *s != ']' && *s != '\0') {
         c = pp[-1];             /* Range start     */
         pp[-1] = RANGE;         /* Range signal    */
         store(c);               /* Re-store start  */
         c = *s++;               /* Get end char and*/
         store(tolower(c));      /* Store it        */
      }
      else {
         store(tolower(c));      /* Store normal char */
      }
   }
   if (c != ']')
      badpat("Unterminated class", source, s);
   if ((c = (pp - cp)) >= 256)
      badpat("Class too large", source, s);
   if (c == 0)
      badpat("Empty class", source, s);
   *cp = c;
   return(s);
}

/*** Store an entry in the pattern buffer **************/
store(op)
   int op;
{
   if (pp >= &pbuf[PMAX])
      error("Pattern too complex\n");
   *pp++ = op;
}

/*** Report a bad pattern specification ****************/
badpat(message, source, stop)
char  *message;       /* Error message */
char  *source;        /* Pattern start */
char  *stop;          /* Pattern end   */
{
   fprintf(stderr, "-GREP-E-%s, pattern is\"%s\"\n", message, source);
   fprintf(stderr, "-GREP-E-Stopped at byte %d, '%c'\n",
         stop-source, stop[-1]);
   error("?GREP-E-Bad pattern\n");
}

/*** Scan the file for the pattern in pbuf[] ***********/
grep(fp, fn)
FILE       *fp;       /* File to process            */
char       *fn;       /* File name (for -f option)  */
{
   register int lno, count, m;

   lno = 0;
   count = 0;
   while (fgets(lbuf, LMAX, fp)) {
      ++lno;
      m = match();
      if ((m && !vflag) || (!m && vflag)) {
         ++count;
         if (!cflag) {
            if (fflag && fn) {
               file(fn);
               fn = 0;
            }
            if (nflag)
               printf("%d\t", lno);
            printf("%s\n", lbuf);
         }
      }
   }
   if (cflag) {
      if (fflag && fn)
         file(fn);
      printf("%d\n", count);
   }
}

/*** Match line (lbuf) with pattern (pbuf) return 1 if match ***/
match()
{
   register char   *l;        /* Line pointer       */

   for (l = lbuf; *l; ++l) {
      if (pmatch(l, pbuf))
         return(1);
   }
   return(0);
}

/*** Match partial line with pattern *******************/
char *pmatch(line, pattern)
char               *line;     /* (partial) line to match      */
char               *pattern;  /* (partial) pattern to match   */
{
   register char   *l;        /* Current line pointer         */
   register char   *p;        /* Current pattern pointer      */
   register char   c;         /* Current character            */
   char            *e;        /* End for STAR and PLUS match  */
   int             op;        /* Pattern operation            */
   int             n;         /* Class counter                */
   char            *are;      /* Start of STAR match          */

   l = line;
   if (debug > 1)
      printf("pmatch(\"%s\")\n", line);
   p = pattern;
   while ((op = *p++) != ENDPAT) {
      if (debug > 1)
         printf("byte[%d] = 0%o, '%c', op = 0%o\n",
               l-line, *l, *l, op);
      switch(op) {

      case CHAR:
         if (tolower(*l++) != *p++)
            return(0);
         break;

      case BOL:
         if (l != lbuf)
            return(0);
         break;

      case EOL:
         if (*l != '\0')
            return(0);
         break;

      case ANY:
         if (*l++ == '\0')
            return(0);
         break;

      case DIGIT:
         if ((c = *l++) < '0' || (c > '9'))
            return(0);
         break;

      case ALPHA:
         c = tolower(*l++);
         if (c < 'a' || c > 'z')
            return(0);
         break;

      case NALPHA:
         c = tolower(*l++);
         if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
            break;
         else if (c < '0' || c > '9')
            return(0);
         break;

      case PUNCT:
         c = *l++;
         if (c == 0 || c > ' ')
            return(0);
         break;

      case CLASS:
      case NCLASS:
         c = tolower(*l++);
         n = *p++ & 0377;
         do {
            if (*p == RANGE) {
               p += 3;
               n -= 2;
               if (c >= p[-2] && c <= p[-1])
                  break;
            }
            else if (c == *p++)
               break;
         } while (--n > 1);
         if ((op == CLASS) == (n <= 1))
            return(0);
         if (op == CLASS)
            p += n - 2;
         break;

      case MINUS:
         e = pmatch(l, p);       /* Look for a match    */
         while (*p++ != ENDPAT); /* Skip over pattern   */
         if (e)                  /* Got a match?        */
            l = e;               /* Yes, update string  */
         break;                  /* Always succeeds     */

      case PLUS:                 /* One or more ...     */
         if ((l = pmatch(l, p)) == 0)
            return(0);           /* Gotta have a match  */
      case STAR:                 /* Zero or more ...    */
         are = l;                /* Remember line start */
         while (*l && (e = pmatch(l, p)))
            l = e;               /* Get longest match   */
         while (*p++ != ENDPAT); /* Skip over pattern   */
         while (l >= are) {      /* Try to match rest   */
            if (e = pmatch(l, p))
               return(e);
            --l;                 /* Nope, try earlier   */
         }
         return(0);              /* Nothing else worked */

      default:
         printf("Bad op code %d\n", op);
         error("Cannot happen -- match\n");
      }
   }
   return(l);
}

/*** Report an error ***********************************/
error(s)
char *s;
{
   fprintf(stderr, "%s", s);
   exit(1);
}
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/except.doc�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000021353�07055333752�016266� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������USER-GENERATED EXCEPTIONS IN GENERAL
------------------------------------

MS-DOS users can generate exceptions by means of two separate
mechanisms, Ctrl-C and Ctrl-Break. Although these are often treated
the same, they are actually handled in subtly different manners. The
difference in the way these are processed allows a great deal of
flexibility in allowing users to interrupt an executing program.

When a program is executed, the Ctrl-C Interrupt 23h is set up to
point to a default error handler. This handler is called whenever a
Ctrl-C character is detected in the keyboard input buffer. When a
program terminates in any way, MS-DOS resets the Interrupt 23h vector
to its default state. Note that the Ctrl-C character in the input
buffer is only recognized - and an Interrupt 23h generated - when
retrieving characters from the buffer and if BREAK ON is set.

The Ctrl-Break Interrupt 1Bh works somewhat differently, though
usually in concert with Interrupt 23h. Whenever the ROM BIOS detects
the Ctrl-Break key combination, the keyboard buffer is flushed and a
Ctrl-C key combination is stuffed in place of the previous contents.
This Ctrl-C will later be detected and processed by Interrupt 23h.
Ctrl-Break processing therefore offers more immediate response than
Ctrl-C processing if the default action is overridden.

Several caveats are in order here, however. First is the fact that,
unlike Interrupt 23h, MS-DOS does not restore the default state of
Interrupt 1Bh upon program termination. Second is that while Ctrl-C
processing is standardized among the various machines utilizing both
MS-DOS and PC-DOS, Ctrl-Break processing is much less standardized.
Finally, since processing either ultimately relies on trapping
Ctrl-C, either may be ignored for a long period because of the way
that Ctrl-C is detected.


HANDLING USER-GENERATED EXCEPTIONS
----------------------------------

DOS's default Ctrl-C handler is triggered whenever the Ctrl-C
character is detected in the input buffer. DOS's response is to
simply close all files which were opened using handle functions and
to terminate the program. The limitations of this approach and the
desirability of providing your own exception processing is obvious.

An equally obvious solution to the default Ctrl-C handler's problems
is to explicitly do your own Ctrl-C exception processing. CCTRAP.ASM
installs and de-installs you own customized exception handler. Note
that the code is written to accept the address of a function specified
with an explicit segment and offset.

Also note that an explicit de-installation function is provided
despite the fact that DOS restores the default Int 23h vector upon
program termination. The reason this is provided is that you should
always de-install a Ctrl-C interrupt trap before you spawn a child
process. Within your program, if you need to spawn such a process
through any mechanism other than spawning a subordinate shell (more
on this in a second), you should explicitly de-install your interrupt
handlers and re-install them when the subordinate process returns. As
noted, this is unnecessary when the subordinate process is a DOS
shell such as COMMAND.COM, since the shell will reset the interrupts
to their defaults during execution.

Ctrl-Break processing is much more problematical, though potentially
more powerful. The first problem to deal with is how to assure that
the default Int 1Bh Ctrl-Break handler will be restored upon program
termination. The de-installation function therefore becomes mandatory
in this context rather than optional as in the case of the Int 23h
handler. CBTRAP.ASM shows a sample Ctrl-Break handler. Since Ctrl-Break
processing is much less standardized than Ctrl-C processing, the
safest way to deal with it is to simply set a flag, "cbrcvd", which
informs your program that a Ctrl-Break has been received. Your
program may then poll this flag and take appropriate actions at
"safe" times within your program.


WHERE THE CARET-C COMES FROM
----------------------------

There's still nothing new here and nothing to prevent the ugly "^C"
being printed to the screen. This is because it is actually printed
by the BIOS during Int 9 processing, long before DOS ever sees it.
What this means is that even though the code in CCTRAP.ASM and
CBTRAP.ASM is fine, it still only provides a framework for solving
our problem.

TRAPFLAG.ASM is the final trick to banish the "^C". The actual ISR
has to muck around quite a bit with the keyboard hardware, as is to
be expected of an Int 09h replacement. Whenever a Ctrl-C or Ctrl-
Break is detected, it is trapped, and our exception handler called in
place of the original Int 09h handler, after discarding the trapped
key codes.

Referring to TRAPFLAG.ASM, note that since I need to trap both Ctrl-C
and Ctrl-Break, I adopt the flag approach introduced in CBTRAP.ASM
for dealing with both Ctrl-C and Ctrl-Break processing. Now, rather
than supplying an explicit exception vector, I merely set a global
flag to inform me if either exception has occurred and accept the
responsibility of processing the exceptions within the body of my
program. I've added an extra bit of versatility here by posting
different non-zero values to the flag, "ccrcvd" depending on whether
the exception was a Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break.

TRAPDEMO.C is a short C program demonstrating the use of the combined
Ctrl-C/Ctrl-Break handler. Using this approach, your carefully
crafted screens need never more be cluttered with the "^C" uglies.


SYSTEM-GENERATED EXCEPTIONS
---------------------------

It's usually desirable, in any professional-looking program, to
explicitly trap the Int 24h critical error interrupt to process
system-generated exceptions. CERRINST.ASM is a portable critical
error handler installation program functionally equivalent to the
[_]hardxxx() package in Borland C++ and Microsoft C++ compilers, and
the ceror_xxx() package in Zortech C++.

It's obvious that writing code to intercept DOS critical error
exceptions is just as simple as intercepting Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break
exceptions. The real challenge in writing critical error handlers is
in interpretation of the nature of the exception.

The critical error handler requires more information in order to
decide what action to take than does a Ctrl-C handler. All of this
information is passed in the CPU's registers. Just like a typical
compiler vendor's critical error handler, CERRINST.ASM will simply
pass these registers and leave their interpretation to you. In
CERRINST.ASM, the information required for intelligent critical error
processing is posted in 4 global variables, cedevdvr, cetype,
ceerror, and cereturn.

Next you need to determine what your program requires of a critical
error handler. CERRTRAP.ASM is a skeletal, yet robust critical error
function which may be called from the handler in CERRINST.ASM.
CERRTRAP.ASM assumes you have set up the following specific error
handlers in the global variables provided:

FAT error               (*FAT_err)();
Disk read error         (*read_err)()
Disk write error        (*write_err)()
Terminal error          (*term_err)(),
Printer out of paper    (*no_paper)(),
All other errors        (*fixup_ret)(),

In the case of an unrecognized error, fixup_ret() is called. A simple
skeleton for this function would be:

#include <dos.h>        /* for _osmajor                                 */
extern int exerr;       /* DOS extended error posted by CERRTRAP.ASM    */
extern int rmvbl;       /* removable media flag posted by CERRTRAP.ASM  */
extern int locus;       /* extened error locus posted by CERRTRAP.ASM   */
extern int class;       /* extened error class posted by CERRTRAP.ASM   */
extern int suggest;     /* suggested action posted by CERRTRAP.ASM      */

int fixup_ret(void)
{
        if (2 < _osmajor)
        {
                /* analyze DOS extended error information */

                return appropriate_error_code;
        }

        /* cleanup */
                
        return 2;       /* abort */
}

In customing your specific critical error handler functions, there
are several important restrictions to keep in mind. The first is that
no DOS system services may be requested other than Interrupt 21h
functions 01h-0Ch (character I/O), 30h (get DOS version number), and
59h (get extended error information). All registers except AL must be
preserved since DOS sets them up for processing Retry returns prior
to invoking the critical error interrupt.

Finally, the handler must return with an IRET instruction, passing a
return code in AL to tell DOS what to do next. The available codes
and their actions under various DOS versions are:

        0 - Ignore
        1 - Retry
        2 - Abort
        3 - Fail (DOS 3.3 and later)
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/vt100.txt��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000022433�07055334330�015713� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������#
#                        VT100 Escape Codes
#        symbology:
#        ^[       = escape character (ascii 27 decimal)
#        <v>         = single or double digit number.  Vertical coordinate
#        <h>         = single or double digit number.  Horizontal coordinate
#        <n>         = single or double digit number.  Number of chars/lines
#        others   = single characters just as they appear.
#
# NOTE: Many sequences have "^[[" which is two chars: "escape" and "[".
#

Name                  Description                            Esc Code
--------------------  -------------------------------------  -----------
setnl LMN             Set new line mode                      ^[[20h
setappl DECCKM        Set cursor key to application          ^[[?1h
setansi DECANM        Set ANSI (versus VT52)                 none
setcol DECCOLM        Set number of columns to 132           ^[[?3h
setsmooth DECSCLM     Set smooth scrolling                   ^[[?4h
setrevscrn DECSCNM    Set reverse video on screen            ^[[?5h
setorgrel DECOM       Set origin to relative                 ^[[?6h
setwrap DECAWM        Set auto-wrap mode                     ^[[?7h
setrep DECARM         Set auto-repeat mode                   ^[[?8h
setinter DECINLM      Set interlacing mode                   ^[[?9h

setlf LMN             Set line feed mode                     ^[[20l
setcursor DECCKM      Set cursor key to cursor               ^[[?1l
setvt52 DECANM        Set VT52 (versus ANSI)                 ^[[?2l
resetcol DECCOLM      Set number of columns to 80            ^[[?3l
setjump DECSCLM       Set jump scrolling                     ^[[?4l
setnormscrn DECSCNM   Set normal video on screen             ^[[?5l
setorgabs DECOM       Set origin to absolute                 ^[[?6l
resetwrap DECAWM      Reset auto-wrap mode                   ^[[?7l
resetrep DECARM       Reset auto-repeat mode                 ^[[?8l
resetinter DECINLM    Reset interlacing mode                 ^[[?9l

altkeypad DECKPAM     Set alternate keypad mode              ^[=
numkeypad DECKPNM     Set numeric keypad mode                ^[>

setukg0               Set United Kingdom G0 character set    ^[(A
setukg1               Set United Kingdom G1 character set    ^[)A
setusg0               Set United States G0 character set     ^[(B
setusg1               Set United States G1 character set     ^[)B
setspecg0             Set G0 special chars. & line set       ^[(0
setspecg1             Set G1 special chars. & line set       ^[)0
setaltg0              Set G0 alternate character ROM         ^[(1
setaltg1              Set G1 alternate character ROM         ^[)1
setaltspecg0          Set G0 alt char ROM and spec. graphics ^[(2
setaltspecg1          Set G1 alt char ROM and spec. graphics ^[)2

setss2 SS2            Set single shift 2                     ^[N
setss3 SS3            Set single shift 3                     ^[O

modesoff SGR0         Turn off character attributes          ^[[m
modesoff SGR0         Turn off character attributes          ^[[0m
bold SGR1             Turn bold mode on                      ^[[1m
lowint SGR2           Turn low intensity mode on             ^[[2m
underline SGR4        Turn underline mode on                 ^[[4m
blink SGR5            Turn blinking mode on                  ^[[5m
reverse SGR7          Turn reverse video on                  ^[[7m
invisible SGR8        Turn invisible text mode on            ^[[8m

setwin DECSTBM        Set top and bottom line#s of a window  ^[[<v>;<v>r

cursorup(n) CUU       Move cursor up n lines                 ^[[<n>A
cursordn(n) CUD       Move cursor down n lines               ^[[<n>B
cursorrt(n) CUF       Move cursor right n lines              ^[[<n>C
cursorlf(n) CUB       Move cursor left n lines               ^[[<n>D
cursorhome            Move cursor to upper left corner       ^[[H
cursorhome            Move cursor to upper left corner       ^[[;H
cursorpos(v,h) CUP    Move cursor to screen location v,h     ^[[<v>;<h>H
hvhome                Move cursor to upper left corner       ^[[f
hvhome                Move cursor to upper left corner       ^[[;f
hvpos(v,h) CUP        Move cursor to screen location v,h     ^[[<v>;<h>f
index IND             Move/scroll window up one line         ^[D
revindex RI           Move/scroll window down one line       ^[M
nextline NEL          Move to next line                      ^[E
savecursor DECSC      Save cursor position and attributes    ^[7
restorecursor DECSC   Restore cursor position and attributes ^[8

tabset HTS            Set a tab at the current column        ^[H
tabclr TBC            Clear a tab at the current column      ^[[g
tabclr TBC            Clear a tab at the current column      ^[[0g
tabclrall TBC         Clear all tabs                         ^[[3g

dhtop DECDHL          Double-height letters, top half        ^[#3
dhbot DECDHL          Double-height letters, bottom half     ^[#4
swsh DECSWL           Single width, single height letters    ^[#5
dwsh DECDWL           Double width, single height letters    ^[#6

cleareol EL0          Clear line from cursor right           ^[[K
cleareol EL0          Clear line from cursor right           ^[[0K
clearbol EL1          Clear line from cursor left            ^[[1K
clearline EL2         Clear entire line                      ^[[2K

cleareos ED0          Clear screen from cursor down          ^[[J
cleareos ED0          Clear screen from cursor down          ^[[0J
clearbos ED1          Clear screen from cursor up            ^[[1J
clearscreen ED2       Clear entire screen                    ^[[2J

devstat DSR           Device status report                   ^[5n
termok DSR               Response: terminal is OK            ^[0n
termnok DSR              Response: terminal is not OK        ^[3n

getcursor DSR         Get cursor position                    ^[6n
cursorpos CPR            Response: cursor is at v,h          ^[<v>;<h>R

ident DA              Identify what terminal type            ^[[c
ident DA              Identify what terminal type (another)  ^[[0c
gettype DA               Response: terminal type code n      ^[[?1;<n>0c

reset RIS             Reset terminal to initial state        ^[c

align DECALN          Screen alignment display               ^[#8
testpu DECTST         Confidence power up test               ^[[2;1y
testlb DECTST         Confidence loopback test               ^[[2;2y
testpurep DECTST      Repeat power up test                   ^[[2;9y
testlbrep DECTST      Repeat loopback test                   ^[[2;10y

ledsoff DECLL0        Turn off all four leds                 ^[[0q
led1 DECLL1           Turn on LED #1                         ^[[1q
led2 DECLL2           Turn on LED #2                         ^[[2q
led3 DECLL3           Turn on LED #3                         ^[[3q
led4 DECLL4           Turn on LED #4                         ^[[4q

#
#  All codes below are for use in VT52 compatibility mode.
#

setansi               Enter/exit ANSI mode (VT52)            ^[<

altkeypad             Enter alternate keypad mode            ^[=
numkeypad             Exit alternate keypad mode             ^[>

setgr                 Use special graphics character set     ^[F
resetgr               Use normal US/UK character set         ^[G

cursorup              Move cursor up one line                ^[A
cursordn              Move cursor down one line              ^[B
cursorrt              Move cursor right one char             ^[C
cursorlf              Move cursor left one char              ^[D
cursorhome            Move cursor to upper left corner       ^[H
cursorpos(v,h)        Move cursor to v,h location            ^[<v><h>
revindex              Generate a reverse line-feed           ^[I

cleareol              Erase to end of current line           ^[K
cleareos              Erase to end of screen                 ^[J

ident                 Identify what the terminal is          ^[Z
identresp             Correct response to ident              ^[/Z

#=======================================================================

#
# VT100 Special Key Codes
#
# These are sent from the terminal back to the computer when the
# particular key is pressed.  Note that the numeric keypad keys
# send different codes in numeric mode than in alternate mode.
# See escape codes above to change keypad mode.
#

# Function Keys:

PF1                ^[OP
PF2                ^[OQ
PF3                ^[OR
PF4                ^[OS


# Arrow Keys:
                Reset         Set
                -----         ---
up               ^[A         ^[OA
down             ^[B         ^[OB
right            ^[C         ^[OC
left             ^[D         ^[OD


# Numeric Keypad Keys:

                Keypad Mode
                -----------------
Keypad Key        Numeric        Alternate
----------        -------        ---------
0                0        ^[Op
1                1        ^[Oq
2                2        ^[Or
3                3        ^[Os
4                4        ^[Ot
5                5        ^[Ou
6                6        ^[Ov
7                7        ^[Ow
8                8        ^[Ox
9                9        ^[Oy
- (minus)        -        ^[Om
, (comma)        ,        ^[Ol
. (period)       .        ^[On
ENTER           ^M        ^[OM
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fmemops.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002344�07055333763�016122� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FMEMOPS.C - Emulate MSC's far memory functions in BC++ & ZTC++
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1992 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dos.h>

#if defined(__TURBOC__) || defined(__ZTC__)

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

typedef unsigned char FAR *FarBytePtr;

void FAR * _fmemcpy(void FAR *dest, void FAR *src, size_t count)
{
      movedata(FP_SEG(src), FP_OFF(src), FP_SEG(dest), FP_OFF(dest), count);
      return dest;
}

void FAR * _fmemmove(void FAR *dest, void FAR *src, size_t count)
{
      void FAR *target =  dest;
      FarBytePtr to = (FarBytePtr)dest, from = (FarBytePtr)src;

      if (src >= dest)
            _fmemcpy(dest, src, count);
      else  for (to += count, from += count; count; --count)
                  *--to = *--from;
      return target;
}

void FAR * _fmemset(void FAR *dest, int ch, size_t count)
{
      void FAR *target =  dest;
      FarBytePtr to = (FarBytePtr)dest;

      for ( ; count; --count)
            *to++ = (unsigned char) ch;
      return target;
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fsize.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003636�07055333770�015577� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  FSIZE.C - Determine apparent file size of buffered file. Returns size
**            corrected for text mode character translation.
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

long fsize(FILE *fp)
{
      size_t bufsize, bytes_read;
      char *bufptr;
      long size = 0L, pos;

      for (bufsize = 0x8000; NULL == (bufptr = malloc(bufsize)); bufsize /= 2)
            ;
      if (!bufptr)
            return -1L;
      pos = ftell(fp);
      do
      {
            bytes_read = fread(bufptr, sizeof(char), bufsize, fp);
            size += bytes_read;
      } while (bytes_read);
      free(bufptr);
      fseek(fp, pos, SEEK_SET);
      return size;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <string.h>

#ifdef MSDOS
 #define fl(x) filelength(x)
 #define getsize(fp) fl(fileno(fp))
#else
 #define fl(x) puts("Install compiler-specific file length function here")
 #define getsize(fp) fl(fp)
#endif

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      FILE *fp;
      long size, csize, lsize;
      char buf[256];

      while (--argc)
      {
            if (NULL == (fp = fopen(*++argv, "r")))
                  printf("Can't open %s\n", *argv);

            size = getsize(fp);
            printf("\n\"Real\" size of %s is %ld\n", *argv, size);

            for (csize = 0L; EOF != fgetc(fp); ++csize)
                  ;
            rewind(fp);

            for (lsize = 0L; !feof(fp); )
            {
                  if (NULL != fgets(buf, 256, fp))
                        lsize += strlen(buf);
            }
            rewind(fp);

            printf("fsize() returned a size = %s is %ld\n",
                  *argv, fsize(fp));
            printf("Reading chars returned an apparent size of %ld\n",
                  csize);
            printf("Reading lines returned an apparent size of %ld\n",
                  lsize);
      }
}

#endif
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/touch.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003673�07055334306�015576� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Program:     touch                                                    *
* Programmer:  Ray L. McVay                                             *
* Started:     8 Aug 91                                                 *
* Updated:     13 Feb 93 Thad Smith                                     *
* Updated:     15 Feb 93 Bob Stout                                      *
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Simple touch program to test BC time stamping function.               *
* Public Domain                                                         *
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include <dos.h>
 #include <io.h>
#else
 #include "ftime.h"                 /* Borland work-alike in SNIPPETS   */
#endif

void usage(void);

main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      time_t    tnow;
      struct tm tmnow;
      struct ftime ft;
      FILE *f;

      if (argc < 2)
            usage();

      tnow  = time(NULL);
      tmnow = *localtime(&tnow);

      ft.ft_year  = tmnow.tm_year - 80;
      ft.ft_month = tmnow.tm_mon + 1;
      ft.ft_day   = tmnow.tm_mday;
      ft.ft_hour  = tmnow.tm_hour;
      ft.ft_min   = tmnow.tm_min;
      ft.ft_tsec  = tmnow.tm_sec/2;

      if ((f = fopen(argv[1], "r+b")) != NULL)
            setftime(fileno(f), &ft);
      else if ((f = fopen(argv[1], "w")) != NULL)
            setftime(fileno(f), &ft);
      else  perror("Can't open file");

      if (f)
            fclose(f);

      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void usage(void)
{
      puts("Usage: TOUCH filename\n");
      puts("  The timestamp of filename will be set to the current time.");
      puts("  A zero-length file will be created if the file doesn't exist.");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

���������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mdalloc.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000012552�07055334071�016062� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*   Written by Blair Haukedal 91/09 and placed in the public domain */

/*  mdalloc - a multi dimensional array allocator
 *  mdfree  - a companion function to mdalloc for freeing storage
 *  synopsis:
 *      void *mdalloc(int ndim, int width, ...);
 *          where:  ndim:   number of array dimensions
 *                  width:  size of elements in array
 *                  variable args are dimensions of array
 *          returns: n-way indirect pointer to allocated storage
 *                   or NULL if insufficient storage
 *
 *      void mdfree(void *p, ndim);
 *          where:  p:      pointer to storage obtained by mdalloc
 *                  ndim:   number of dimensions used in mdalloc
 *
 *  example:
 *      int ***tip;
 *      tip = mdalloc(3, sizeof(int), 2, 3, 4);
 *        tip will be a triple indirect pointer to a 3 dimensional array
 *        tip[0][0][0] refers to the first int in a contiguous area of
 *                     storage that is 2*3*4*sizeof(int) bytes long
 *        tip[0][0] is the address of the first int
 *      memset can be used to initialize array elements as follows:
 *        memset(tip[0][0], 0, 2*3*4*sizeof(int));
 *      mdfree is used to free storage obtained with mdalloc:
 *        mdfree(tip, 3)
 *
 *  notes:
 *      - must be compiled with appropriate memory model
 *      - memory is allocated for each dimension for indirect pointers
 *          eg. 3x4x5 array of longs
 *              (assuming 4 byte longs, small mem model)
 *              p = mdalloc(3, sizeof(long), 3, 4, 5)            - bytes
 *                  3       pointers allocated for 1st dimension -  6
 *                  3x4     pointers allocated for 2nd dimension -  24
 *                  3x4x5   longs allocated for array elements   -  240
 *              total of 270 bytes allocated
 *      - if insufficient memory, nothing will be allocated.
 *          ie. intermediate pointer arrays that were successfully
 *              allocated will be freed.
 *      - the intent of mdalloc is to facilitate dynamic array creation,
 *        it will use more memory than statically declared arrays, and
 *        the required dereferencing will be slower than the use of
 *        statically declared arrays.
 *      - this function assumes that sizeof(char) == 1.
 */

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static void **md2(int n_units, int ndim, int *dims);
static void md3(char ***tip, int n_units, int ndim, int *dims);

static int w_units;

/* mdalloc: entry point for mdalloc function described above
 *      - reduces variable arg list to fixed list with last arg
 *      represented as pointer to int (array dimensions).
 *      Calls md2 to allocate storage.
 *      Calls md3 to initialize intermediate pointers.
 *      Returns pointer.
 */

void *mdalloc(int ndim, int width, ...)
{
      va_list argp;
      int *dims, i;
      char ***tip;

      va_start(argp, width);

      /* allocate storage for variable args (dimensions) */

      dims = malloc(ndim*sizeof(int));
      if(dims == NULL)
            return NULL;

      /* initialize dimensions array for subsequent calls */

      for(i=0; i<ndim; i++)
            dims[i] = va_arg(argp,int);

      w_units = width;    /* global used by md2 and md3 */

      /* allocate required pointer and array element storage */

      tip = (char ***)md2(dims[0], ndim, &dims[1]);

      if(ndim>1 && tip)
            md3(tip, dims[0], ndim-1, &dims[1]); /* init pointers */

      free(dims);
      return tip;
}

/* mdfree:  companion function to mdalloc
 *          frees storage obtained by mdalloc
 */

void mdfree(void *tip, int ndim)
{
      if(ndim == 1)
            free(tip);
      else
      {
            mdfree(((void **)tip)[0], ndim-1);
            free(tip);
      }
}

/* md2:  allocates storage for n-way indirect pointer arrays
 *       allocates storage for requested array elements
 */

static void **md2(int n_units, int ndim, int *dims)
{
      char **tip;

      if(ndim == 1)
            /* recursed to final dimension - allocate element storage */
            tip = malloc(n_units*w_units);
      else
      {
            /* allocate pointer array for dimension n */
            tip = malloc(n_units*sizeof(char *));
            if(tip)
            {
                  /* recurse until final dimension */
                  tip[0] = (char *)md2(n_units*dims[0], ndim-1, &dims[1]);
                  if(tip[0] == NULL)
                  {
                        /* allocate error - fall back up freeing everything */
                        free(tip);
                        tip = NULL;
                  }
            }
      }
      return (void **)tip;
}

/* md3: initializes indirect pointer arrays */

static void md3(char ***tip, int n_units, int ndim, int *dims)
{
      int i;

      for(i=1; i<n_units; i++)
      {
            if(ndim == 1)
                  /* final dimension - must scale by element width */
                  tip[i] = (char **)((char *)tip[0] + i*dims[0]*w_units);
            else
                  /* intermediate dimension - scale by pointer size */
                  tip[i] = tip[0] + i*dims[0];
      }
      if(ndim > 1)
            /* not at final dimension - continue to recurse */
            md3((char ***)tip[0], n_units*dims[0], ndim-1, &dims[1]);
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/moon_age.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004111�07055334104�016220� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* PD by Michelangelo Jones, 1:1/124. */

/*
**  Returns 0 for new moon, 15 for full moon,
**  29 for the day before new, and so forth.
*/

/*
**  This routine sometimes gets "off" by a few days,
**  but is self-correcting.
*/

int moon_age(int month, int day, int year)
{
      static short int ages[] =
            {18, 0, 11, 22, 3, 14, 25, 6, 17,
             28, 9, 20, 1, 12, 23, 4, 15, 26, 7};
      static short int offsets[] =
            {-1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7, 9, 9};

      if (day == 31)
            day = 1;
      return ((ages[(year + 1) % 19] + ((day + offsets[month-1]) % 30) +
            (year < 1900)) % 30);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static char *description[] = {
      "new",                  /* totally dark                         */
      "waxing crescent",      /* increasing to full & quarter light   */
      "in its first quarter", /* increasing to full & half light      */
      "waxing gibbous",       /* increasing to full & > than half     */
      "full",                 /* fully lighted                        */
      "waning gibbous",       /* decreasing from full & > than half   */
      "in its last quarter",  /* decreasing from full & half light    */
      "waning crescent"       /* decreasing from full & quarter light */
      };

static char *months[] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
                         "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int month, day, year, phase;

      if (4 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: MOON_AGE month day year");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      month = atoi(argv[1]);
      day   = atoi(argv[2]);
      year  = atoi(argv[3]);
      if (100 > year)
            year += 1900;
      printf("moon_age(%d, %d, %d) returned %d\n", month, day, year,
            phase = moon_age(month, day, year));
      printf("Moon phase on %d %s %d is %s\n", day, months[month - 1], year,
            description[(int)((phase + 2) * 16L / 59L)]);
}

#endif /* TEST */
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getopt3.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006153�07055333774�016045� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
 * *    @(#)getopt.c    2.3 (smail) 5/30/87 
 */

/*
 * Here's something you've all been waiting for:  the AT&T public domain
 * source for getopt(3).  It is the code which was given out at the 1985
 * UNIFORUM conference in Dallas. I obtained it by electronic mail directly
 * from AT&T.  The people there assure me that it is indeed in the public
 * domain. 
 *
 * There is no manual page. That is because the one they gave out at UNIFORUM
 * was slightly different from the current System V Release 2 manual page. 
 * The difference apparently involved a note about the famous rules 5 and 6,
 * recommending using white space between an option and its first argument,
 * and not grouping options that have arguments. Getopt itself is currently
 * lenient about both of these things White space is allowed, but not
 * mandatory, and the last option in a group can have an argument.  That
 * particular version of the man page evidently has no official existence,
 * and my source at AT&T did not send a copy. The current SVR2 man page
 * reflects the actual behavor of this getopt. However, I am not about to
 * post a copy of anything licensed by AT&T. 
 */

#ifdef BSD
 #include <strings.h>
#else
 #define index strchr
 #include <string.h>
#endif

/* LINTLIBRARY */

#define NULL    0
#define EOF    (-1)
#define ERR(s, c)    if(opterr){\
    extern int write(int, void *, unsigned);\
    char errbuf[2];\
    errbuf[0] = (char)c; errbuf[1] = '\n';\
    (void) write(2, strlwr(argv[0]), (unsigned)strlen(argv[0]));\
    (void) write(2, s, (unsigned)strlen(s));\
    (void) write(2, errbuf, 2);}

extern char    *index();

int             opterr = 1;
int             optind = 1;
int             optopt;
char           *optarg;

int getopt(int argc, char *argv[], char *opts)
{
      static int      sp = 1;
      register int    c;
      register char  *cp;

      if (sp == 1)
      {
            if (optind >= argc || argv[optind][0] != '-' ||
                  argv[optind][1] == '\0')
                        return (EOF);
            else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "--") == NULL)
            {
                  optind++;
                  return (EOF);
            }
      }
      optopt = c = argv[optind][sp];
      if (c == ':' || (cp = index(opts, c)) == NULL)
      {
            ERR(": illegal option -- ", c);
            if (argv[optind][++sp] == '\0')
            {
                  optind++;
                  sp = 1;
            }
            return ('?');
      }
      if (*++cp == ':')
      {
            if (argv[optind][sp + 1] != '\0')
                  optarg = &argv[optind++][sp + 1];
            else if (++optind >= argc)
            {
                  ERR(": option requires an argument -- ", c);
                  sp = 1;
                  return ('?');
            }
            else  optarg = argv[optind++];
            sp = 1;
      }
      else
      {
            if (argv[optind][++sp] == '\0')
            {
                  sp = 1;
                  optind++;
            }
            optarg = NULL;
      }
      return (c);
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getopts.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000014106�07055333776�016144� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  GETOPTS.C - Universal command line options parser
**
**  Original Copyright 1993 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "portable.h"
#include "getopts.h"

#define NUL '\0'
#define MAX_XARGS 512

int   xargc;
char *xargv[MAX_XARGS];

/*
**  getopts()
**
**  Parameters: 1 - argc from main()
**              2 - argv from main()
**              3 - your program's options[] array
**
**  Returns: Number of options specified or -1 if error
**
**  Note: Your program should declare the global options[] array which
**        specifies all options recognized by getopts().
*/

int getopts(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i, count, argidx = 0;
      char *argp;
	FILE *argfile;
	char argline[256];
      struct Option_Tag *ptr;

      xargc = argc;
      xargv[argidx++] = argv[0];
      for (i = 1, count = 0; i < argc; ++i)
      {
            if (strchr("-/", argv[i][0]) && !strchr("-/", argv[i][1]))
            {
                  /*
                  ** Found a switch - If the 2nd character is also a switch
                  ** character. If so, then it's a literal and is skipped
                  */

                  if (strchr("-/", argv[i][1]))
                        continue;

                  for (ptr = options; ptr->buf; ++ptr)
                  {
                        if ((int)argv[i][1] == ptr->letter) switch (ptr->type)
                        {
                        case Boolean_Tag:
                              if ('-' == argv[i][2])
                                    *((Boolean_T *)(ptr->buf)) = FALSE;
                              else  *((Boolean_T *)(ptr->buf)) = TRUE;
                              ++count;
                              --xargc;
                              break;

                        case Word_Tag:
                              sscanf(&argv[i][2], "%hd", (short *)(ptr->buf));
                              ++count;
                              --xargc;
                              break;

                        case DWord_Tag:
                              sscanf(&argv[i][2], "%ld", (long *)(ptr->buf));
                              ++count;
                              --xargc;
                              break;

                        case Double_Tag:
                              sscanf(&argv[i][2], "%lg", (double *)(ptr->buf);
                              ++count;
                              --xargc;
                              break;

                        case String_Tag:
                              strcpy(ptr->buf, &argv[i][2]);
                              ++count;
                              --xargc;
                              break;

                        default:
                              return ERROR;
                        }
                  }
            }
            else                          /* It must be a file name     */
            {
                  DOSFileData ffblk;

                  /* Set argp to point to the filename                  */

                  if (strchr("-/", argv[i][0]))
                        argp = &argv[i][1];
                  else  argp =  argv[i];

                  /* If no wildcards, just copy it */

                  if (!strchr(argp, '*') && !strchr(argp, '?'))
                  {
                        xargv[argidx++] = argp;
                        continue;
                  }

                  /* Expand wildcards, if possible                      */

                  if (0 == FIND_FIRST(argp, 0xff, &ffblk))
                  {
                        char path[FILENAME_MAX], *p;

                        /* Save the path for re-attachment              */

                        if (NULL == (p = strrchr(argp, '\\')))
                              p = strrchr(argp, '/');
                        if (p)
                        {
                              char ch = *p;

                              *p = NUL;
                              strcat(strcpy(path, argp), "\\");
                              *p = ch;
                        }
                        else  *path = NUL;
                        --xargc;
                        do
                        {                             
                              xargv[argidx] = malloc(strlen(ffblk.name)
                                    + strlen(path) + 2);
                              strcat(strcpy(xargv[argidx], path), ffblk.name);
                              ++argidx;
                              ++xargc;
                        
                        } while (0 == FIND_NEXT(&ffblk));
                  }
            }
      }
      return count;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include <stdlib.h>

Boolean_T test1 = TRUE, test2 = FALSE;
int   test3     = -37;
long  test4     = 100000L;
char  test5[80] = "Default string";

struct Option_Tag options[] = {
      {'A',  Boolean_Tag, &test1 },             /* Valid options        */
      {'B',  Boolean_Tag, &test2 },
      {'C',  Word_Tag,    &test3 },
      {'D',  DWord_Tag,   &test4 },
      {'E',  String_Tag,   test5 },
      {'\0', ERROR,        NULL  }              /* Terminating record   */
};

#define TFprint(v) ((v) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE")

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i;

      printf("Defaults:\ntest1 = %s\ntest2 = %s\ntest3 = %d\ntest4 = %ld\n"
            "test5 = \"%s\"\n\n", TFprint(test1), TFprint(test2), test3,
            test4, test5);

      printf("getopts() returned %d\n", getopts(argc, argv));

      printf("Options are now:\ntest1 = %s\ntest2 = %s\ntest3 = %d\n"
            "test4 = %ld\ntest5 = \"%s\"\n\n", TFprint(test1),
            TFprint(test2), test3, test4, test5);

      puts("Hit any key to continue");
      getch();
      for (i = 0; i < xargc; ++i)
            printf("xargv[%d] = \"%s\"\n", i, xargv[i]);
      printf("\nxargc = %d\n", xargc);
      return 0;
}

#endif
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/getopts.h��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001174�07055333777�016153� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  GETOPTS.H
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#undef ERROR
#undef FALSE
#undef TRUE

typedef enum {ERROR = -1,FALSE, TRUE} Boolean_T;

typedef enum {
      Boolean_Tag,
      Word_Tag,
      DWord_Tag,
      Double_Tag,
      String_Tag
      } TAG_TYPE;

struct Option_Tag {
      int         letter;                 /* Option switch        */
      TAG_TYPE    type;                   /* Type of option       */
      void       *buf;                    /* Storage location     */
};

extern struct Option_Tag options[];
extern int    xargc;
extern char  *xargv[];

int getopts(int, char *[]);
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/sharing.txt������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003766�07055334224�016506� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������From:    Mike Ratledge 
To:      All                                      Msg #245, 03-Aug-88 12:45.00
Subject: File sharing enabled test

Someone asked the other day about an easy way to determine if file-sharing
is enabled at program run-time.  I use the following code in all of my
Turbo C program to do just that:

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

int sharing;


main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
  sharing = is_sharing(argv[0]);
  .
  .
  .
  if (sharing)
  {
    /* open file in shared mode */
    ...
  }
  else
  {
    /* use "normal" open */
    ...
  }
}


int is_sharing(char *arg)

{
 FILE *exe;

  if (_osmajor < 3)
    return(FALSE);
  exe = fopen(arg, "rb");
  ii = lock(fileno(exe), 0l, 500l);
  if (ii != -1)
  {
    ii = unlock(fileno(exe), 0l, 500l);
    fclose(exe);
    return(TRUE);
  }
  fclose(exe);
  return(FALSE);
}

What does this code do?  First - it checks to make sure it's running under
DOS 3.0+ - if not - no sharing.  Next - it opens the program itself (the
.EXE file) by using "argv[0]", which points to the actual program name
complete with the path under DOS 3.0 or later.  It then attempts to lock
the first 500 bytes of the program on disk, and if successful (i.e. return
!= -1) it unlocks the same bytes and closes the file (actually - the unlock
is superfluous, since closing the file releases all locks) and returns the
"TRUE" result.  If it fails - it closes the .EXE file and returns FALSE.
Note that this does not depend on opening a file in shared mode to test it.
 
Note that this code must be modified slightly to be useful for MicroSoft
C, since they use the "locking" procedure for both lock & unlock.  You
also have to "rewind" before the unlock, since M/S C works from the
current file-pointer forward.  I could post both - but I'm sure all you
C-jockeys out there know what I'm talking about if it concerns you (i.e.
you're using M/S C instead of Turbo).  I also have this coded in Turbo
Pascal if anyone needs it...
����������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/soundex.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002125�07055334245�016132� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
** from Bob Jarvis
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

char *soundex(char *instr, char *outstr)
{                   /* ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ */
        char *table = "01230120022455012623010202";
        int count = 0;

        while(!isalpha(instr[0]) && instr[0])
                ++instr;

        if(!instr[0])     /* Hey!  Where'd the string go? */
                return(NULL);

        if(toupper(instr[0]) == 'P' && toupper(instr[1]) == 'H')
        {
                instr[0] = 'F';
                instr[1] = 'A';
        }

        *outstr++ = (char)toupper(*instr++);

        while(*instr && count < 5)
        {
                if(isalpha(*instr) && *instr != *(instr-1))
                {
                        *outstr = table[toupper(instr[0]) - 'A'];
                        if(*outstr != '0')
                        {
                                ++outstr;
                                ++count;
                        }
                }
                ++instr;
        }

        *outstr = '\0';
        return(outstr);
}
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dos5boot.h�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004261�07055333731�016212� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  DOS5BOOT.H - DOS 5 boot record
*/

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #pragma option -a-
 #define FAR far
#elif defined(__ZTC__)
 #pragma ZTC align 1
 #define FAR _far
#else /* MSC/QC/WATCOM/METAWARE */
 #pragma pack(1)
 #define FAR _far
#endif

typedef struct {                                /* offset in buffer record */
        char      bsJump[3];                    /* 1 - 3                   */
        char      bsOemName[8];                 /* 4 - 11                  */
        short     bsBytesPerSec;                /* 12 - 13                 */
        char      bsSecPerClust;                /* 14                      */
        short     bsResSectors;                 /* 15 - 16                 */
        char      bsFATs;                       /* 17                      */
        short     bsRootDirEnts;                /* 18 - 19                 */
        short     bsSectors;                    /* 20 - 21                 */
        char      bsMedia;                      /* 22                      */
        short     bsFATsecs;                    /* 23 - 24                 */
        short     bsSecPerTrack;                /* 25 - 26                 */
        short     bsHeads;                      /* 27 - 28                 */
        long      bsHiddenSecs;                 /* 29 - 32                 */
        long      bsHugeSectors;                /* 33 - 36                 */
        char      bsDriveNumber;                /* 37                      */
        char      bsReserved1;                  /* 38                      */
        char      bsBootSignature;              /* 39                      */
        long      bsVolumeID;                   /* 40 - 43                 */
        char      bsVolumeLabel[11];            /* 44 - 54                 */
        char      bsFileSysType[8];             /* 54 - 61                 */
        char      bsReserved2[8];               /* 62 - 69                 */
        char      bsJunk[442];                  /* 70 - end of record
                                                   (byte 512 is last)      */
        } B_REC;                    /* Boot_record; total of 512 bytes     */
�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/msb2ieee.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000003354�07055334112�016136� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/***  MSBIN conversion routines    ***/
/***  public domain by Jeffery Foy ***/

union Converter {
      unsigned char uc[10];
      unsigned int  ui[5];
      unsigned long ul[2];
      float          f[2];
      double         d[1];
};

/* MSBINToIEEE - Converts an MSBIN floating point number */
/*               to IEEE floating point format           */
/*                                                       */
/*  Input: f - floating point number in MSBIN format     */
/* Output: Same number in IEEE format                    */

float MSBINToIEEE(float f)
{
      union Converter t;
      int sign, exp;       /* sign and exponent */

      t.f[0] = f;

      /* extract the sign & move exponent bias from 0x81 to 0x7f */

      sign = t.uc[2] / 0x80;
      exp  = (t.uc[3] - 0x81 + 0x7f) & 0xff;

      /* reassemble them in IEEE 4 byte real number format */

      t.ui[1] = (t.ui[1] & 0x7f) | (exp << 7) | (sign << 15);
      return t.f[0];
} /* End of MSBINToIEEE */


/* IEEEToMSBIN - Converts an IEEE floating point number  */
/*               to MSBIN floating point format          */
/*                                                       */
/*  Input: f - floating point number in IEEE format      */
/* Output: Same number in MSBIN format                   */

float IEEEToMSBIN(float f)
{
      union Converter t;
      int sign, exp;       /* sign and exponent */

      t.f[0] = f;

      /* extract sign & change exponent bias from 0x7f to 0x81 */

      sign = t.uc[3] / 0x80;
      exp  = ((t.ui[1] >> 7) - 0x7f + 0x81) & 0xff;

      /* reassemble them in MSBIN format */

      t.ui[1] = (t.ui[1] & 0x7f) | (sign << 7) | (exp << 8);
      return t.f[0];
} /* End of IEEEToMSBIN */
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/prnspool.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006304�07055334152�016321� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* prnspool.c 12-22-91 Robert Mashlan, public domain */
/* DOS print spooler interface functions             */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include "prnspool.h"

int printspool_errno = 0;

char *printspool_errlist[] = {
      "No error",
      "Function Invalid",
      "File not found",
      "Path not found",
      "Too many open files",
      "Access denied",
      "",
      "",
      "Queue full",
      "Spooler busy",
      "",
      "",
      "Name too long",
      "",
      "Drive invalid"
      };

/* returns -1 if printspooler installed */
/* 0 otherwise                          */

int printspool_installed(void)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x0100;
      int86(0x2f, &r, &r);
      if(r.h.al==0xff)
      {
            printspool_errno=0;
            return -1;
      }
      else
      {
            printspool_errno=1;
            return 0;
      }
}

/* submits a file name to be printed */
/* returns error code                */

int printspool_submit( const char *pathname )
{
	struct PACKET packet;
      union REGS r;
      struct SREGS s;

      packet.level = 0;
      packet.pathname = (char far *)pathname;
      s.ds   = FP_SEG(&packet);
      r.x.dx = FP_OFF(&packet);
      r.x.ax = 0x0101;
      int86x(0x2f, &r, &r, &s);
      if(!r.x.cflag)
            return printspool_errno = 0;
      else  return printspool_errno = r.x.ax;
}

/* removes a file from the print queue */

int printspool_remove( const char far *fname )
{
      union REGS r;
      struct SREGS s;

      s.ds   = FP_SEG(fname);
      r.x.dx = FP_OFF(fname);
      r.x.ax = 0x0102;
      int86x(0x2f, &r, &r, &s);
      if(!r.x.cflag)
            return printspool_errno = 0;
      else  return printspool_errno=r.x.ax;
}

/* cancels all files in the print queue */

int printspool_cancel(void)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x0103;
      int86(0x2f, &r, &r);
      if(!r.x.cflag)
            return printspool_errno = 0;
      else  return printspool_errno = r.x.ax;
}

/* ends hold state after a call to printspool_qetqueue */
/* or printspool_errorcount                            */

void printspool_endhold(void)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x0105;
      int86(0x2f, &r, &r);
}

/* returns a far pointer to the printspooler queue, */
/* an array of 64 char asciiz strings               */

char far *printspool_getqueue(void)
{
      char far *result;
      union REGS r;
      struct SREGS s;

      r.x.ax = 0x0104;
      int86x(0x2f, &r, &r, &s);
      result = MK_FP(s.ds,r.x.si);
      if (!r.x.cflag)
      {
            printspool_errno = 0;
            return result;
      }
      else
      {
            printspool_errno = r.x.ax;
            return NULL;
      }
}

/* returns the error count from the printspooler */

int printspool_errorcount(void)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = 0x0104;
      int86(0x2f, &r, &r);
      if (!r.x.cflag)
      {
            printspool_errno = 0;
            return r.x.dx;          /* return the number of errors */
      }
      else
      {
            printspool_errno = r.x.ax;
            return r.x.dx;
      }
}
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/prnspool.h�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002461�07055334152�016326� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* prnspool.h 12-22-91 Robert Mashlan, public domain */
/* print spooler interface functions header file     */
/* modified by Bob Stout, Nov '93                    */

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
 #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 700)) || (defined(__SC__))
  /* Make FP_xxx macros lvalues as in older versions */
  #undef FP_SEG
  #undef FP_OFF
  #define FP_SEG(fp)    ((unsigned)((unsigned long)(fp) >> 16))
  #define FP_OFF(fp)    ((unsigned)(fp && 0xffff))
 #endif
#endif

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void _far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

struct PACKET {
      unsigned char level;
      char far *pathname;
};

extern int   printspool_errno;
extern char *printspool_errlist[];

int  printspool_installed(void);
int  printspool_submit( const char *pathname );
int  printspool_remove( const char far *fname );
int  printspool_cancel(void);
char far *printspool_getqueue(void);
void printspool_endhold(void);
int  printspool_errorcount(void);

#define PSENOERR   0x00
#define PSEINVFNC  0x01
#define PSENOFILE  0x02
#define PSENOPATH  0x03
#define PSEMFILE   0x04
#define PSEACCES   0x05
#define PSEQUEFUL  0x08
#define PSESPLBUSY 0x09
#define PSENME2LNG 0x0c
#define PSEINVDRV  0x0f
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/hexdump.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000004134�07055334010�016107� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  HEXDUMP.C - Dump a file.
**
**  This Program Written By Paul Edwards w/ modifications by Bob Stout
**  Released to the public domain
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

static void dodump(FILE *fp, long start, long count);
static void skipb(FILE *fp, long start);

main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      FILE *fp;
      long start, count;

      if (argc < 2)
      {
            puts("Usage: HEXDUMP file_name [start] [length]");
            return (EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      if (argc > 2)
            start = atol(*(argv + 2));
      else  start = 0L;
      if (argc > 3)
            count = atol(*(argv + 3));
      else  count = -1L;
      fp = fopen(*(argv + 1), "rb");
      if (fp == NULL)
      {
            printf("unable to open file %s for input\n", *(argv+1));
            return (EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      skipb(fp, start);
      dodump(fp, start, count);
      return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

static void dodump(FILE *fp, long start, long count)
{
      int c, pos1, pos2;
      long x = 0L;
      char prtln[100];

      while (((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) && (x != count))
      {
            if (x%16 == 0)
            {
                  memset(prtln,' ',sizeof prtln);
                  sprintf(prtln,"%0.6X   ", start + x);
                  pos1 = 8;
                  pos2 = 45;
            }
            sprintf(prtln + pos1, "%0.2X", c);
            if (isprint(c))
                  sprintf(prtln + pos2, "%c", c);
            else  sprintf(prtln + pos2, ".");
            pos1 += 2;
            *(prtln+pos1) = ' ';
            pos2++;
            if (x % 4 == 3)
                  *(prtln + pos1++) = ' ';
            if (x % 16 == 15)
                  printf("%s\n", prtln);
            x++;
      }
      if (x % 16 != 15)
            printf("%s\n", prtln);
      return;
}

static void skipb(FILE *fp, long start)
{
      long x = 0;

      if (start == 0)
            return;
      while (x < start)
      {
            fgetc(fp);
            x++;
      }
      return;
}
������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ftime.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002277�07055333770�015563� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Public domain by Jeff Dunlop & Bob Stout
*/

#ifndef __TURBOC__

#include <dos.h>
#include "ftime.h"

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #pragma ZTC align 1
 #define DOS_GETFTIME dos_getftime
 #define DOS_SETFTIME dos_setftime
#else
 #pragma pack(1)
 #define DOS_GETFTIME _dos_getftime
 #define DOS_SETFTIME _dos_setftime
#endif

int _cdecl getftime (int handle, struct ftime *ftimep)
{
      int retval = 0;
      union
      {
            struct
            {
                  unsigned time;
                  unsigned date;
            } msc_time;
            struct ftime bc_time;
      } FTIME;

      if (0 == (retval = DOS_GETFTIME(handle, &FTIME.msc_time.date,
            &FTIME.msc_time.time)))
      {
            *ftimep = FTIME.bc_time;
      }
      return retval;
}

int _cdecl setftime (int handle, struct ftime *ftimep)
{
      union
      {
            struct
            {
                  unsigned time;
                  unsigned date;
            } msc_time;
            struct ftime bc_time;
      } FTIME;

      FTIME.bc_time = *ftimep;

      return DOS_SETFTIME(handle, FTIME.msc_time.date, FTIME.msc_time.time);
}

#endif /* __TURBOC__ */
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ftime.h����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001007�07055333770�015556� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  Public domain by Jeff Dunlop
*/

#ifndef __TURBOC__

struct ftime /* As defined by Borland C */
{
    unsigned    ft_tsec  : 5;   /* Two second interval */
    unsigned    ft_min   : 6;   /* Minutes */
    unsigned    ft_hour  : 5;   /* Hours */
    unsigned    ft_day   : 5;   /* Days */
    unsigned    ft_month : 4;   /* Months */
    unsigned    ft_year  : 7;   /* Year */
};

int _cdecl getftime (int, struct ftime *);
int _cdecl setftime (int, struct ftime *);

#endif /* __TURBOC__ */
�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/treedir.c��������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000002431�07055334311�016075� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  TREEDIR.C - simple recursive directory lister
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #include <dos.h>
 #ifndef _A_SUBDIR
  #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #endif
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include <dir.h>
 #include <dos.h>
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define _dos_findnext(b) findnext(b)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define name ff_name
#else                   /* assume MSC/QC                                */
 #include <dos.h>
 #include <errno.h>
#endif

#ifndef SUCCESS
 #define SUCCESS 0
#endif

void do_dir(char *path)
{
        char search[67], new[67];
        struct find_t ff;

        strcat(strcpy(search, path), "\\*.*");
        if (SUCCESS == _dos_findfirst(search, 0xff, &ff)) do
        {
                printf("%s\\%s\n", path, ff.name);
                if (ff.attrib & _A_SUBDIR && '.' != *ff.name)
                {
                        strcat(strcat(strcpy(new, path), "\\"), ff.name);
                        do_dir(new);
                }
        } while (SUCCESS == _dos_findnext(&ff));
}

void main(void)         /* simple resursive current directory lister    */
{
        do_dir(".");
}
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/tasker.txt�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000006042�07055334303�016330� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������                    Multi-Tasker Detection Routines
                             by David Gibbs
                          FidoNet: 1:115/439.0
             Internet: David.Gibbs@f439.n115.z1.fidonet.org

The following is a set of C routines that will enable a programmer to
detect a mutli-tasking environment and release the time slice when
desired.  Currently DESQview, Windows, & OS/2 are the environments
supported.

Routines consist of two functions, two global int variables, one global
structure, and a table of character pointers.

void t_get_os(); This routines detects the operating environment, sets
on the appropriate bits in the t_os_type field, and sets the t_os field
to the dominant environment.

void t_slice(); This routine will release the remainder of the current
tasks time slice in the manner appropriate to the dominant envionment.

The following fields & structures are available...

int t_os_type; is a bit mapped integer that indicates the presence of
various operating envionments.  If Bit 0 is on, DOS is present, Bit 1 =
OS2, bit 2 = DESQview, bit 3 = Windows standard, bit 4 = Windows 386
Enh.  These bits can be tested by using logical operations with the
symbolic constants is_DOS, is_OS2, is_DV, is_WINS, and is_WIN3.

int t_os; represents the dominant environment.  The dominant envionment
is defined as the multi-tasking system that takes precidence.  For
instance, you can run Windows *UNDER* DESQview, but DESQview would be
dominant, the same goes true for OS/2 & Windows.  This value can be
tested by comparing to the symbolic constants: DOS, OS2, DV, WINS, and
WIN3.

struct t_os_ver ts_os_ver[]; indicates the versions of the various
environments present.  Major & minor versions are found in the
structure members 'maj' and 'min'.  The structure is subscripted, so you
can access the version of envionments using the symbolic constants use
in 't_os'.

const char *t_os_name[]; contains the names of the environments
detectable.  These too are subscripted and can be accessed using the
symbolic constants above.

A sample program that uses these routines follows:

#include <stdio.h>
#include "tasker.h"

void main() {
        get_os();

        printf("%s %d.%d detected",t_os_name[t_os],
                                   t_os_ver[t_os].maj,
                                   t_os_ver[t_os].min);

        while(!kbhit()) {
                printf("Hit a key!\r\n");
                t_slice();
        }
}


Special thanks go to Geoffery Booher (1:2270/233) for assistance with
Windows & OS/2 detection & Time slicing.

This routine is released to the public as CommentWare - If you use it,
please send me a comment as to what you thought of it... oh yeah, you
might think of giving me credit for the routines.

Also, if you can think of a enhancement or correction, please let me
know.  I can be reached at the above mentioned email addresses.

Copyrights: DESQview by Quarterdeck Office Systems
            Windows by Microsoft
            OS/2 by IBM
            TurboC++ by Borland
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mterm.c����������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000007644�07055334113�015576� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/* MTERM.C - Minimal example PC terminal program.
   Released to public domain by author, David Harmon, June 1992.
   Intended for use with a FOSSIL driver, but will run with BIOS alone.
   I expect you'll want to add something for practical purposes. ;-)
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>            /* kbhit(), getch(), putch(), etc. */
#include <dos.h>              /* int86(), etc. */

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #define cputs(s) fputs((s),stderr)
#endif

int port = 0;                 /* 0 = COM1:, 1 = COM2: etc. */
int local_echo = 0;
int cr_add_lf = 0;
int exiting = 0;

int init_comm(int flags)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x04;         /* initialize driver (port) */
      regs.x.bx = 0x4f50;
      regs.x.dx = port;
      int86( 0x14, ®s, ®s);

      regs.h.ah = 0x00;         /* set baud rate * port attrs */
      regs.h.al = (unsigned char)flags;
      regs.x.dx = port;
      int86( 0x14, ®s, ®s);
      return regs.h.ah;
}

void send_char(char ch)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x01;         /* Send char (wait until ready)*/
      regs.h.al = ch;
      regs.x.dx = port;
      int86( 0x14, ®s, ®s);
}

int   input_ready(void)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x03;         /* Get port status */
      regs.x.dx = port;
      int86( 0x14, ®s, ®s);
      return ((regs.h.ah & 0x01) != 0);   /* input ready */
}

int   get_char(void)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x02;         /* receive char (wait if necessary)*/
      regs.x.dx = port;
      int86( 0x14, ®s, ®s);
      return regs.h.al;
}

void deinit_comm(void)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x05;         /* deinitialize port (pseudo close) */
      regs.h.al = 0x00;         /* (lower DTR) */
      regs.x.dx = port;
      int86( 0x14, ®s, ®s);
}

void main(void)
{
      int ch;

      init_comm(0xE3);          /* hard coded 0xB3 = 2400,N,8,1 */
      cputs("MTERM ready!   Press F1 to exit.\r\n");
      while (!exiting)
      {
            if (kbhit())        /* key was hit */
            {
                  ch = getch();     /* Regular ASCII keys are returned as the
                                       ASCII code; function keys, arrows, etc.
                                       as zero followed by a special code
                                       (on next getch.)  */
                  if (ch != 0)
                  {
                        send_char((char)ch);    /* to com port */
                        if (local_echo)
                        {
                              putch(ch);        /* to screen */

                              /* add LF to CR? */

                              if (cr_add_lf && ch == '\r')
                                    putch('\n');
                        }
                  }
                  else
                  {
                        ch = getch();       /* get the special key code */
                        switch (ch)
                        {
                        case 0x3B: /* F1 */
                              exiting = 1;               /* quit now */
                              break;

                        case 0x3C: /* F2 */
                              local_echo = !local_echo;  /* toggle echo */
                              break;

                        case 0x3D: /* F3 */
                              cr_add_lf = !cr_add_lf;    /* toggle LF */
                              break;
                        }
                  }
            } /* end if kbhit */

            if (input_ready())       /* com port */
            {
                  ch = get_char();
                  putch(ch);
                  if (cr_add_lf && ch == '\r')  /* add LF to CR? */
                        putch('\n');
            }
      } /* end while not exiting */
      deinit_comm();
}    
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/timegetc.c�������������������������������������������0000755�0000764�0000144�00000001466�07055334304�016251� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/*
**  TIMEGETC.C - waits for a given number of seconds for the user to press
**               a key.  Returns the key pressed, or EOF if time expires
**
**  by Bob Jarvis
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <conio.h>

int timed_getch(int n_seconds)
{
      time_t start, now;

      start = time(NULL);
      now = start;

      while(difftime(now, start) < (double)n_seconds && !kbhit())
      {
            now = time(NULL);
      }

      if(kbhit())
            return getch();
      else  return EOF;
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(void)
{
      int c;

      printf("Starting a 5 second delay...\n");

      c = timed_getch(5);

      if(c == EOF)
            printf("Timer expired\n");
      else  printf("Key was pressed, c = '%c'\n", c);
}

#endif /* TEST */
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/HEADER.html������������������������������������������0000644�0000764�0000144�00000000570�07055334353�016116� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������<title>Snippets

    Snippets
    

This is Bob Stouts compilation of public domain C programs.
A large number of these 
programs are not portable as they require DOS. That aside, this is a good
source of examples and utilities.

    

This copy was taken in Jan '95. If you want the latest, 
click here.

    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bstr_i.c0000755000076400001440000000126607055333660015734 /*
**  Make an ascii binary string into an integer.
**
**  Public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

unsigned int bstr_i(char *cptr)
{
      unsigned int i, j = 0;

      while (cptr && *cptr && strchr("01", *cptr))
      {
            i = *cptr++ - '0';
            j <<= 1;
            j |= (i & 0x01);
      }
      return(j);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *arg;
      unsigned int x;

      while (--argc)
      {
            x = bstr_i(arg = *++argv);
            printf("Binary %s = %d = %04Xh\n", arg, x, x);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/chbytes.c0000755000076400001440000001502707055333677016123 /*
**  CHBYTES.C - Change bytes in a file
**
**  This program searches a file for a sequence of bytes. If they are
**  found, they are replaced with zeros. It was originally developed for
**  a friend who needed a program to call from Paradox to remove printer
**  control sequences from formatted print files. The requirements were
**  1) since it is called by another program, all status has to be returned
**  in the errorlevel with no screen messages allowed, and 2) The file must
**  remain the same length, so the deleted sequences must only be replaced
**  with ASCII NULs.
**
**  Syntax: CHBYTES filename pattern_1 [pattern_2 [...pattern_N]]
**  where:  Each pattern is a comma-separated list of bytes, each of which
**          may be of the following forms:
**          C    - Any single character will be treated as literal.
**          XXh  - "XX" will be interpreted as a hexidecimal number (both
**                 1- and 2-digit hex numbers are allowed).
**          NNNd - "NNN" will be interpreted as a decimal number (both
**                 1-, 2-, and 3-digit decimal numbers are allowed).
**
**  e.g.    CHBYTES printer.fil 12d 1bh,[,3,x
**          would zero out form feeds and the escape sequence "[3x"
**
**  Returns: 0 - Success
**           1 - No filename
**           2 - No arguments
**           3 - Error opening file
**           4 - Not enough memory
**           5 - Bad argument
**           6 - Error reading file
**           7 - Error writing file
**
**  Public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#ifdef __ZTC__
 int _okbigbuf = 0;
#endif

#define LAST_CHAR(s) (((char *)(s))[strlen((char *)(s)) - 1])

#ifndef max
 #define max(x,y) (((x) >= (y)) ? (x) : (y))
#endif

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FALSE = 0, TRUE} LOGICAL;

int bufsize;

struct {
      char pattern[40];                         /* pattern to find      */
      int numbytes;                             /* length of pattern    */
} search[40];

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
      FILE *fp  = NULL;
      char *buf = NULL, *getbuf(void);
      fpos_t rpos;
      int i, patterns, max_bytes = 0;
      LOGICAL hex2char(const char *, char *);

      if (2 > argc)                             /* no filename          */
            return 1;
      if (3 > argc)                             /* no argument          */
            return 2;
      if (NULL == (fp = fopen(argv[1], "r+b")))
            return 3;                           /* file open error      */
      if (NULL == (buf = getbuf()))
            return 4;                           /* no memory for buffer */

      patterns = argc - 2;                      /* process arguments    */
      for (i = 2; i < argc; ++i)
      {
            char *p, *ptr;

            if (NULL != (ptr = strtok(argv[i], ",")))
            {
                  p = search[i - 2].pattern;
                  do
                  {
                        search[i - 2].numbytes++;
                        if (1 == strlen(ptr))
                        {
                              *p++ = *ptr;
                              continue;
                        }
                        switch (toupper(LAST_CHAR(ptr)))
                        {
                        case 'D':
                              LAST_CHAR(ptr) = '\0';
                              *p++ = (char)atoi(ptr);
                              break;
                        case 'H':
                              LAST_CHAR(ptr) = '\0';
                              if (ERROR == hex2char(ptr, p++))
                                    return 5;
                              break;
                        default:
                              return 5;
                        }
                  } while (NULL != (ptr = strtok(NULL, ",")));
                  *p = '\0';
                  max_bytes = max(max_bytes, search[i - 2].numbytes);
            }
            else  return 5;
      }

      fgetpos(fp, &rpos);                       /* save where we are    */
      while (1)
      {
            int bytes, n;
            LOGICAL modified;

            if (max_bytes > (bytes = (int)fread(buf, 1, bufsize, fp)))
            {
                  if (0 == bytes && !feof(fp))
                        return 6;               /* something's wrong!   */
                  else  break;                  /* all done!            */
            }
            for (n = 0, modified = FALSE; n < patterns; ++n)
            {
                  /* check each pattern in turn                         */

                  for (i = 0; i < (bytes - max_bytes + 1); ++i)
                  {
                        int j;

                        if (buf[i] != *(search[n].pattern))
                              continue;
                        if (SUCCESS != strncmp(&buf[i],
                              search[n].pattern, search[n].numbytes))
                        {
                              continue;
                        }

                        /* found one! replace it in the buffer          */

                        for (j = 0; j < search[n].numbytes; ++j, ++i)
                              buf[i] = '\0';
                        modified = TRUE;
                  }
            }
            if (modified)                       /* write changes, if any*/
            {
                  fpos_t wpos = rpos;

                  fsetpos(fp, &wpos);
                  if (bytes != (int)fwrite(buf, 1, bytes, fp))
                        return 7;
                  fsetpos(fp, &rpos);
            }
            rpos += bytes - max_bytes + 1;      /* get another buffer   */
            fsetpos(fp, &rpos);
      }
      fclose(fp);
      return SUCCESS;
}

/*
**  Allocate the largest buffer we can
*/

char *getbuf(void)
{
      register char *buffer;

      for (bufsize = 0x4000; bufsize >= 128; bufsize >>= 1)
      {
            if (NULL != (buffer = (char *) malloc(bufsize)))
                  return buffer;
      }
      return NULL;
}

/*
**  Convert ASCII hex char to char
*/

#define xdigit(c) (toupper(c) - (((c) > '9') ? 'A' - 10 : '0'))

LOGICAL hex2char(const char *hex, char *buf)
{
      int ch = 0;
      char *p = (char *)hex;

      while(*p)
      {
            if (!isxdigit(*p))
                  return ERROR;
            ch <<= 4;
            ch  += xdigit(*p);
                ++p;
      }
      *buf = (char)ch;
      return SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/uclock.c0000755000076400001440000000731507055334313015727 /*
**  UCLOCK.C
**
**  Contains routines to perform microsecond accuracy timing
**  operations.
**
**  Adapted from public domain source originally by David L. Fox
**  Modified by Bob Stout
*/

#include "uclock.h"

/* Constants */

#define CONTVAL   0x34    /* == 00110100 Control byte for 8253 timer.   */
                          /* Sets timer 0 to 2-byte read/write,         */
                          /* mode 2, binary.                            */
#define T0DATA    0x40    /* Timer 0 data port address.                 */
#define TMODE     0x43    /* Timer mode port address.                   */
#define BIOS_DS   0x40    /* BIOS data segment.                         */
#define B_TIKP    0x6c    /* Address of BIOS (18.2/s) tick count.       */
#define SCALE    10000    /* Scale factor for timer ticks.              */

/* The following values assume 18.2 BIOS ticks per second resulting from
   the 8253 being clocked at 1.19 MHz. */

#define us_BTIK  54925    /* Micro sec per BIOS clock tick.             */
#define f_BTIK    4595    /* Fractional part of usec per BIOS tick.     */
#define us_TTIK   8381    /* Usec per timer tick * SCALE. (4/4.77 MHz)  */

static int init = 0;

/*
**  usec_clock()
**
**  An analog of the clock() function, usec_clock() returns a number of
**  type uclock_t (defined in UCLOCK.H) which represents the number of
**  microseconds past midnight. Analogous to CLK_TCK is UCLK_TCK, the
**  number which a usec_clock() reading must be divided by to yield
**  a number of seconds.
*/

uclock_t usec_clock(void)
{
      unsigned char msb, lsb;
      unsigned int tim_ticks;
      static uclock_t last, init_count;
      static uclock_t far *c_ptr;
      uclock_t count, us_tmp;

      if (!init)
      {
            c_ptr = (uclock_t far *)MK_FP(BIOS_DS, B_TIKP);
            init  = 1;        /* First call, we have to set up timer.   */
            int_off();
            outp(TMODE, CONTVAL);   /* Write new control byte.          */
            outp(T0DATA, 0);        /* Initial count = 65636.           */
            outp(T0DATA, 0);
            init_count = *c_ptr;
            int_on();
            return 0;               /* First call returns zero.         */
      }

      /* Read PIT channel 0 count - see text                            */

      int_off();        /* Don't want an interrupt while getting time.  */
      outp(TMODE, 0);                           /* Latch count.         */
      lsb = (unsigned char)inp(T0DATA);         /* Read count.          */
      msb = (unsigned char)inp(T0DATA);

      /* Get BIOS tick count (read BIOS ram directly for speed and
         to avoid turning on interrupts).                               */

      count =  *c_ptr;
      int_on();                     /* Interrupts back on.              */
      if ((-1) == init)             /* Restart count                    */
      {
            init_count = count;
            init = 1;
      }

      /* Merge PIT channel 0 count with BIOS tick count                 */

      if (count < init_count)
            count += last;
      else  last = count;
      count -= init_count;
      tim_ticks = (unsigned)(-1) - ((msb << 8) | lsb);
      us_tmp    = count * us_BTIK;
      return (us_tmp + ((long)tim_ticks * us_TTIK + us_tmp % SCALE) / SCALE);
}

/*
**  restart_uclock()
**
**  Since usec_clock() bases its return value on a differential value,
**  a potential exists for problems in programs which run continuously
**  for more than 24 hours. In such an application, it's necessary, at
**  least once a day, to reset usec_clock's starting count.
*/

void restart_uclock(void)
{
      if (init)
            init = -1;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/uclock.h0000755000076400001440000000224307055334314015730 /*
**  UCLOCK.H
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include 
#include 

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #include 
 #undef int_on
 #undef int_off
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define int_on         enable
 #define int_off        disable
 #ifndef inp
  #define inp           inportb
 #endif
 #ifndef outp
  #define outp          outportb
 #endif
#else /* assume MSC/QC */
 #include 
 #define int_on         _enable
 #define int_off        _disable
 #ifndef MK_FP
  #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
 #endif
#endif

/* ANSI-equivalent declarations and prototypes */

typedef unsigned long uclock_t;

#define UCLK_TCK 1000000L /* Usec per second - replaces CLK_TCK         */

#if __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
#endif

uclock_t usec_clock(void);
void     restart_uclock(void);

#if __cplusplus
 }
#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dspdtst.c0000755000076400001440000001025707055333737016144 /*
**  Compiler I/O benchmarks
**  public domain by Dave Knapp & Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

typedef unsigned long dword;

#ifdef M_I86      /* Identifier for MSC, QC, Watcom, or ZTC */

 #ifndef __ZTC__
  #include 

  #ifndef __WATCOMC__
   #ifdef _MSC_VER
    #define LOGFILE "dspdtst.msc"
   #else
    #define LOGFILE "dspdtst.qc"
   #endif

//   #define MK_FP(seg,off) ((void far *)(((dword)(seg)<<16)|(off)))
  #else
   #define LOGFILE "dspdtst.wc"
  #endif  /* not Watcom   */

  #define cputs(s) _outtext((char _far *)(s))
  #define gotoxy(col,row) _settextposition(row,col)

 #else   /* if ZTC       */

  #include 

  #define cputs(s) disp_puts(s "\n")
  #define cprintf(s) disp_printf(s "\n")
  #ifdef __SC__
   #define LOGFILE "dspdtst.sc"
   #define gotoxy(col,row) __emit__(0xb2,col-1,0xb6,row-1,0xb7,0,0xb4,2,0xcd,0x10)
  #else
   #define LOGFILE "dspdtst.ztc"
   #define gotoxy(col,row) asm(0xb2,col-1,0xb6,row-1,0xb7,0,0xb4,2,0xcd,0x10)
  #endif

 #endif  /* if ZTC       */
#else
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
  #define LOGFILE "dspdtst.bc"
 #else
  #define LOGFILE "dspdtst.tc"
 #endif
#endif  /* if TC        */

dword far *bios_time = (dword far *)(0x0040006c);
dword time1,time2,time3,time4,time5,time6;

void main(void)
{
        int i;
        FILE *log = stdout, *nulfile;

#ifdef __ZTC__
        disp_open();
#endif
        nulfile = fopen("NUL", "w");
        time1 = *bios_time;
        for(i = 1; i < 1000; i++)
        {
                gotoxy(10,5);
                puts("puts      test.");
                puts("this is the second line.\n");
        }
        time1 = *bios_time - time1;
        time2 = *bios_time;
        for(i = 1; i < 1000; i++)
        {
                gotoxy(10,5);
                printf("printf    test.\n");
                printf("this is the second line.\n");
        }
        time2 = *bios_time - time2;
        time3 = *bios_time;
        for(i = 1; i < 1000; i++)
        {
#ifdef __ZTC__
                disp_move(4,9);
                cputs("d_puts    test.");
#else
                gotoxy(10,5);
 #if defined(M_I86) && !defined(__WATCOMC__)
                cputs("_outtext  test.\r\n");
 #else
                cputs("cputs     test.\r\n");
 #endif
#endif
                cputs("this is the second line.");
        }
        time3 = *bios_time - time3;
        time4 = *bios_time;
        for(i = 1; i < 1000; i++)
        {
#ifdef __ZTC__
                disp_move(4,9);
                cprintf("d_printf  test.");
#else
                gotoxy(10,5);
                cprintf("cprintf   test.\r\n");
#endif
                cprintf("this is the second line.");
        }
        time4 = *bios_time - time4;
        time5 = *bios_time;
        for(i = 1; i < 1000; i++)
        {
                fputs("fputs     test.\n", nulfile);
                fputs("this is the second line.\n", nulfile);
        }
        time5 = *bios_time - time5;
        time6 = *bios_time;
        for(i = 1; i < 1000; i++)
        {
                fprintf(nulfile, "fprintf   test.\n");
                fprintf(nulfile, "this is the second line.\n");
        }
        time6 = *bios_time - time6;

#ifdef __ZTC__
        disp_close();
#endif
        log = fopen(LOGFILE, "w");
        fputs("Times for 1000 iterations:\n\n", log);
        fprintf(log, "puts     %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time1 * .054945);
        fprintf(log, "printf   %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time2 * .054945);
#ifndef __ZTC__
 #if defined(M_I86) && !defined(__WATCOMC__)
        fprintf(log, "_outtext %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time3 * .054945);
 #else
        fprintf(log, "cputs    %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time3 * .054945);
 #endif
        fprintf(log, "cprintf  %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time4 * .054945);
#else
        fprintf(log, "d_puts   %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time3 * .054945);
        fprintf(log, "d_printf %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time4 * .054945);
#endif
        fprintf(log, "fputs    %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time5 * .054945);
        fprintf(log, "fprintf  %10.3f seconds\n", (double)time6 * .054945);
        fclose(log);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dbl2long.c0000755000076400001440000000400007055333720016137 /*
**  DBL2LONG.C - Functions to round doubles to longs
**  Public domain by Ross G. Cottrell, June 1992
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

/* Assume IEEE doubles, little-endian CPU, 32-bit 2's complement longs. */
/* (Actually, the assumptions made here aren't quite that gross.)       */

unsigned long dbl2ulong(double t)
{
      assert(1 == FLT_ROUNDS);
      t += 1.0 / DBL_EPSILON;
      return *(unsigned long *)&t;
}

long dbl2long(double t)
{
      assert(1 == FLT_ROUNDS);
      t += 1.0 / DBL_EPSILON + 2.0 * (LONG_MAX + 1.0);
      return *(long *)&t;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      while (*++argv)
      {
            printf("'%s', as a long: %ld, as an unsigned long: %lu\n",
                  *argv, dbl2long(atof(*argv)), dbl2ulong(atof(*argv)));
      }
      return 0;
}

#endif /* TEST */

/*

EXPLANATION:

The offset of 1.0/DBL_EPSILON forces the least significant bit of the
mantissa to represent the integer 1.  This may not work on all formats of
doubles, but I think it's a safe bet for IEEE compliant doubles, and any
other floating point format with a radix of 2.  When this offset is added,
the number should be rounded to the nearest representable value.  The
assertion that FLT_ROUNDS has the value of 1 is an attempt to guarantee
this.  You might check your float.h; if this isn't #defined as a constant 1
you should investigate how to ensure that it will always round to the
nearest.  If it is #defined as 1 you can safely rip out the assertions.  The
addition of 2.0*(LONG_MAX+1.0) for the signed long is to prevent the the MSB
of the mantissa being borrowed for negative inputs - if this happened, the
exponent would change and the LSB of the mantissa would no longer be worth
1.  This offset would be perfectly okay to use with the unsigned longs too
but it's unnecessary for them, unless you want to get the answer correct
modulo 2^^32 for negatives.

*/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bresnham.c0000755000076400001440000000722007055333660016245 /*
** Public Domain mode 13h Bresenham line/circle algorithms
** By Brian Dessent
**
** Written for Borland, modified for others by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include        /* for randomize  */

#ifndef __TURBOC__
 #define random(num) (int)(((rand())*(long)(num))/(((long)RAND_MAX)+1))
 #define randomize() srand((unsigned)time(NULL)|1)
#else
#endif

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
	 ((void far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 320
#define SCREEN_HEIGTH 200
#define MAX_X (SCREEN_WIDTH-1)
#define MAX_Y (SCREEN_HEIGTH-1)

/* prototypes */

void setmode(int mode);
void plotdot(int x, int y, char c);
void bresenham_line(int x, int y, int x2, int y2, char c);
void bresenham_circle(int xc, int yc, int r, char c);
void main(void);

/* code begins */

/* uses BIOS to set video mode */

void setmode(int mode)
{
      union REGS r;

      r.x.ax = mode;
      int86(0x10, &r, &r);
}


/* plots a dot at (x, y) with color c */

void plotdot(int x, int y, char c)
{
      register char far *addr;

      if(x < 0 || x > MAX_X || y < 0 || y > MAX_Y)
            return;

      addr = MK_FP(0xa000, (SCREEN_WIDTH * y) + x);
      *addr = c;
}


/* draws a line from (x, y) to (x2, y2) in color c */

void bresenham_line(int x, int y, int x2, int y2, char c)
{
      int i, steep = 0, sx, sy, dx, dy, e;

      dx = abs(x2 - x);
      sx = ((x2 - x) > 0) ? 1 : -1;
      dy = abs(y2 - y);
      sy = ((y2 - y) > 0) ? 1 : -1;

      if(dy > dx)
      {
            steep = 1;
            x ^= y;  /* swap x and y */
            y ^= x;
            x ^= y;
            dx ^= dy; /* swap dx and dy */
            dy ^= dx;
            dx ^= dy;
            sx ^= sy; /* swap sx and sy */
            sy ^= sx;
            sx ^= sy;
      }

      e = 2 * dy - dx;
      for(i = 0;i < dx;i++)
      {
            if(steep)
                  plotdot(y, x, c);
            else  plotdot(x, y, c);
            while(e >= 0)
            {
                  y += sy;
                  e -= 2 * dx;
            }
            x += sx;
            e += 2 * dy;
      }
      plotdot(x2, y2, c);
}

/* draws a circle at (xc, yc) with radius r in color c
**
** note: the scaling factor of (SCREEN_WIDTH / SCREEN_HEIGTH) is used when
** updating d.  This makes round circles.  If you want ellipses, you can
** modify that ratio.
*/

void bresenham_circle(int xc, int yc, int r, char c)
{
      int x = 0, y = r, d = 2 * (1 - r);

      while(y > 0)
      {
            plotdot(xc + x, yc + y, c);
            plotdot(xc + x, yc - y, c);
            plotdot(xc - x, yc + y, c);
            plotdot(xc - x, yc - y, c);
            if(d + y > 0)
            {
                  y -= 1;
                  d -= (2 * y * SCREEN_WIDTH / SCREEN_HEIGTH) - 1;
            }
            if(x > d)
            {
                  x += 1;
                  d += (2 * x) + 1;
            }
      }
}

/* draws random lines and circles until a key is pressed in mode 13h */
/* (draws in colors 0 - 63 only) */

void main(void)
{
      int i=0;

      randomize();
      setmode(0x13);
      while(!kbhit())
      {
            bresenham_line(random(SCREEN_WIDTH), random(SCREEN_HEIGTH),
                  random(SCREEN_WIDTH), random(SCREEN_HEIGTH), i = ++i % 64);
            bresenham_circle(random(SCREEN_WIDTH), random(SCREEN_HEIGTH),
                  random(50), i = ++i % 64);
      }
      getch();
      setmode(0x03);  /* set to color text mode, clearing screen */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/maze_1.c0000755000076400001440000001044007055334067015622 /*
   This program makes 10x10 mazes and prints them on the screen.  No
   promise of portability is made, but it does seem to work on NS GNX
   C.

   Public Domain by Jonathan Guthrie.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define UP  1
#define DN  2
#define LT  4
#define RT  8

int  addelem(int, int [12][12], int *, int, int);
void openwall(int [12][12], int, int);
void writemaze(int [12][12]);

void main(void)
{
      int i, j, base;
      int search[150], array[12][12];

      for(i=1 ; i<11 ; ++i)
      {
            array[i][0] = -1;
            array[i][11] = -1;
            array[0][i] = -1;
            array[11][i] = -1;
            for(j=1 ; j<11 ; ++j)
                  array[i][j] = 0;
      }

      srand((int)time(NULL));
      i = rand() % 10 + 1;
      j = rand() % 10 + 1;
      base = addelem(0, array, search, i, j);
      array[i][j] = RT + RT;      /* Not a valid value */
      while(0 < base)
      {
            i = rand() % base;
            j = search[i];
            search[i] = search[--base];
            i = j % 100;
            j /= 100;
            openwall(array, i, j);
            base = addelem(base, array, search, i, j);
      }

      writemaze(array);
}


int addelem(int base, int maze[12][12], int *search, int row, int col)
{
      if(0 == maze[row-1][col])
      {
            search[base++] = row + col * 100 - 1;
            maze[row-1][col] = -DN;
      }
      else if(0 > maze[row-1][col])
            maze[row-1][col] -= DN;

      if(0 == maze[row+1][col])
      {
            search[base++] = row + col * 100 + 1;
            maze[row+1][col] = -UP;
      }
      else if(0 > maze[row+1][col])
            maze[row+1][col] -= UP;

      if(0 == maze[row][col-1])
      {
            search[base++] = row + col * 100 - 100;
            maze[row][col-1] = -RT;
      }
      else if(0 > maze[row][col-1])
            maze[row][col-1] -= RT;

      if(0 == maze[row][col+1])
      {
            search[base++] = row + col * 100 + 100;
            maze[row][col+1] = -LT;
      }
      else if(0 > maze[row][col+1])
            maze[row][col+1] -= LT;

      return base;
}


void openwall(int maze[12][12], int row, int col)
{
      int directions, max, direction, temprow, tempcol, temp, back;

      directions = -maze[row][col];

      max = 0;
      if(directions & UP)
      {
            temp = rand();
            if(temp > max)
            {
                  max = temp;
                  direction = UP;
                  back = DN;
                  temprow = row - 1;
                  tempcol = col;
            }           
      }

      if(directions & DN)
      {
            temp = rand();
            if(temp > max)
            {
                  max = temp;
                  direction = DN;
                  back = UP;
                  temprow = row + 1;
                  tempcol = col;
            }
      }

      if(directions & LT)
      {
            temp = rand();
            if(temp > max)
            {
                  max = temp;
                  direction = LT;
                  back = RT;
                  temprow = row;
                  tempcol = col - 1;
            }
      }

      if(directions & RT)
      {
            temp = rand();
            if(temp > max)
            {
                  max = temp;
                  direction = RT;
                  back = LT;
                  temprow = row;
                  tempcol = col + 1;
            }
      }
    
      maze[row][col] = direction;
      maze[temprow][tempcol] += back;
}

void writemaze(int maze[12][12])
{
      int i, j;

      puts("*********************");
      for(i=1 ; i<11 ; ++i)
      {
            putchar('*');
            for(j=1 ; j<11 ; ++j)
            {
                  putchar(' ');
                  if(maze[i][j] & RT)
                        putchar(' ');
                  else  putchar('*');
            }
            putchar('\n');
            for(j=1 ; j<11 ; ++j)
            {
                  putchar('*');
                  if(maze[i][j] & DN)
                        putchar(' ');
                  else  putchar('*');
            }
            puts("*");
      }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/maze_2.c0000755000076400001440000000035707055334067015631 int a[1817];main(z,p,q,r){for(p=80;q+p-80;p-=2*a[p])for(z=9;z--;)q=3&(r=time(0)+r*57)/7,q=q?q-1?q-2?1-p%79?-1:0:p%79-77?1:0:p<1659?79:0:p>158?-79:0,q?!a[p+q*2]?a[p+=a[p+=q]=q]=q:0:0;for(;q++-1817;)printf(q%79?"%c":"%c\n"," #"[!a[q-1]]);}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/maze_3.c0000755000076400001440000000070007055334067015622 char*M,A,Z,E=40,J[40],T[40];main(C){for(*J=A=scanf(M="%d",&C);
--            E;             J[              E]             =T
[E   ]=  E)   printf("._");  for(;(A-=Z=!Z)  ||  (printf("\n|"
)    ,   A    =              39              ,C             --
)    ;   Z    ||    printf   (M   ))M[Z]=Z[A-(E   =A[J-Z])&&!C
&    A   ==             T[                                  A]
|6<<11
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

/**** init_globals(fp, names, types, ...)
**
** public domain by Raymond Gardner     Sept. 1991
**
** fp is a FILE * to the (already fopen'ed) file containing
**      initialization data
**  names is a space-separated list of names of globals (as they
**      are to appear in the data file)
**  types is a list of datatype characters, corresponding to names
**      i  for a pointer to integer
**      s  for a pointer to string (already allocated char array)
**      p  for a pointer to pointer to char (space will be malloc'd)
**    (NOTE: no whitespace allowed in types !!)
**  followed by var arg list of pointers to variables to init
*/

#define LNSZ 256

int init_globals(FILE *fp, char *names, char *types, ...)
{
    char ln[LNSZ];
    char *p;
    va_list arglist;
    char *namep, *typep, name[40], *e;
    void *argp;
    int k;

    while ( fgets(ln, LNSZ, fp) ) {             /* read init file */
        while ( isspace(ln[0]) )            /* drop leading whitespace */
            memmove(ln, ln+1, strlen(ln));
        if ( ln[0] == 0 )                       /* skip if blank line */
            continue;
        p = strchr(ln, '=');                    /* find equal sign */
        if ( p == NULL )                        /* error if none */
            return -1;  /* or continue; */
        while ( p > ln && isspace(p[-1]) ) {    /* remove whitespace */
            memmove(p-1, p, strlen(p-1));       /*   before = sign */
            --p;
        }
        *p++ = 0;                               /* plug EOS over = sign */
        while ( isspace(p[0]) )             /* remove leading space on */
            memmove(p, p+1, strlen(p));         /*    init string */
        k = strlen(p) - 1;                      /* init string length */
        if ( k < 1 )
            return -1;

        if ( p[k] != '\n' )             /* if '\n' is missing, input */
            return -1;                  /*   exceeded buffer; error return */
        p[k] = 0;                       /* plug EOS over newline */

        va_start(arglist, types);       /* setup for arglist search */

        namep = names;                  /* init ptr to var names */
        typep = types;                  /* init ptr to var types */
        while ( *namep == ' ' )         /* skip blanks before namelist */
            ++namep;
        while ( *typep ) {          /* while any typelist items left...*/

            argp = (void *)va_arg(arglist, void *); /* get var arg */

            k = strcspn(namep, " ");        /* length of namelist entry */
            memmove(name, namep, k);        /* put into name hold area */
            name[k] = 0;                    /* terminate it */
            if ( strcmp(name, ln) != 0 ) { /* if it doesn't match... */
                namep += k;                 /* get next name */
                while ( *namep == ' ' )
                    ++namep;
                ++typep;                    /* get next type */
            } else {                        /* else name is found... */
                if ( *typep == 'i' ) {      /* if it's an int, init it */
                    *(int *)argp = atoi(p);
                } else if ( *typep == 's' || *typep == 'p' ) {
                    if ( *p == '"' ) {      /* is string in quotes? */
                        ++p;                /* skip leading quote, and */
                        e = strchr(p, '"'); /* look for trailing quote */
                        if ( e )            /* terminate string if found */
                            *e = 0;
                    }
                    if ( *typep == 'p' ) {      /* if it's a char *ptr */
                        e = malloc(strlen(p) + 1); /* get space */
                        if ( e == 0 ) {         /* error if no space */
                            return -1; /* call va_end(arglist); first? */
                        }
                        *(char **)argp = e;
                        strcpy(*(char **)argp, p);  /* copy in string */
                    } else                          /* must be char array */
                        strcpy(argp, p);            /* copy in string */
                } else {
                    return -1;                      /* bad type */
                }
                break;              /* break search; get next line */
            }
        }
        va_end(arglist);
    }
    return 0;
}
#ifdef TEST

int foo;
char bar[80];
int baz;
char *quux;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    FILE *fp;
    int k;

    if ( argc < 2 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "missing arg\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
    assert(fp);
    k = init_globals(fp, "foo bar baz quux", "isip",
        &foo, bar, &baz, &quux);
    printf("k: %d\n", k);
    printf("foo: %d\nbar: <%s>\nbaz: %d\nquux: <%s>\n",
        foo, bar, baz, quux);
    fclose(fp);

    return 0;
}
#endif
/* test data file:
foo=123
bar = "a test"
   baz     =  456
quux=    what is this
*/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/iswprot.c0000755000076400001440000000347707055334026016164 /*
**  ISWPROT.C - Detect if floppy drive is write protected
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout w/ corrections & additions by Wayne King
*/

#include 

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

/*
**  isWprot()
**
**  Parameters: 1 - Drive number (A: = 0, B: = 1)
**
**  Returns: -1 - Error
**            0 - Not write protected
**            1 write protected
**
**  Note: If drive door is open, an error is returned but the critical
**        error handler is NOT tripped
*/

int isWprot(int drive)
{
      union REGS regs;
      struct SREGS sregs;
      char buf[512], FAR *bufptr = (char FAR *)buf;   /* Needed by MSC  */

      /* First read sector 0  */

      segread(&sregs);
      regs.x.ax = 0x201;
      regs.x.cx = 1;
      regs.x.dx = drive & 0x7f;
      sregs.es  = FP_SEG(bufptr);
      regs.x.bx = FP_OFF(bufptr);
      int86x(0x13, ®s, ®s, &sregs);
      if (regs.x.cflag && regs.h.ah != 6)
      {
            regs.h.ah = 0x00;         /* reset diskette subsystem */
            regs.h.dl = drive & 0x7f;
            int86x(0x13, ®s, ®s, &sregs);
            return -1;
      }

      /* Try to write it back */

      segread(&sregs);
      regs.x.ax = 0x301;
      regs.x.cx = 1;
      regs.x.dx = drive & 0x7f;
      sregs.es  = FP_SEG(bufptr);
      regs.x.bx = FP_OFF(bufptr);
      int86x(0x13, ®s, ®s, &sregs);
      return (3 == regs.h.ah);
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int drive;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: ISWPROT drive_letter");
            return -1;
      }
      drive = toupper(argv[1][0]) - 'A';
      printf("isWprot(%c:) returned %d\n", drive + 'A', isWprot(drive));
      return 0;
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/coldboot.asm0000755000076400001440000000207407055333705016613 ; by: David Nugent via ECPROG echo
;
; works VERY reliably under all the protected mode environments I've
; tried (namely DV and PC-MOS). Haven't tried VM386 or NX386 yet, but
; I'm hopeful.... ;-)
 
 
BIOS_POST  equ    0472H        ; POST (warm boot) flag
 
 
        xor BX,BX               ; AL=1 for warm boot, 0 for cold
        mov ES,BX
        cmp AL,1
        jnz @NcB
        mov AX,1234H            ; Avoid POST
@NcB:
        mov ES:[BIOS_POST],AX   ; Install flag
 
        cli                     ; Reboot
        xor AX,AX
        mov DS,AX
        mov ES,AX
        mov SS,AX
        mov SP,AX
@cP:
        in AL,64H               ; Wait on AT keyboard controller
        test AL,2
        jne @cP
 
        xor AL,AL               ; Try reset lines
        out 64H,AL
        iodelay
        mov AL,0FEh
        out 64H,AL
        iodelay
        mov AX,0002H            ; Jump to reset vector
        push AX                 ; via IRET
        mov AX,0F000H
        push AX
        mov AX,0FFF0H
        push AX
        iret
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ltoa.c0000755000076400001440000000273607055334046015413 /*
**  LTOA.C
**
**  Converts a long integer to a string.
**
**  Copyright 1988-90 by Robert B. Stout dba MicroFirm
**
**  Released to public domain, 1991
**
**  Parameters: 1 - number to be converted
**              2 - buffer in which to build the converted string
**              3 - number base to use for conversion
**
**  Returns:  A character pointer to the converted string if
**            successful, a NULL pointer if the number base specified
**            is out of range.
*/

#include 
#include 

#define BUFSIZE (sizeof(long) * 8 + 1)

char *ltoa(long N, char *str, int base)
{
      register int i = 2;
      long uarg;
      char *tail, *head = str, buf[BUFSIZE];

      if (36 < base || 2 > base)
            base = 10;                    /* can only use 0-9, A-Z        */
      tail = &buf[BUFSIZE - 1];           /* last character position      */
      *tail-- = '\0';

      if (10 == base && N < 0L)
      {
            *head++ = '-';
            uarg    = -N;
      }
      else  uarg = N;

      if (uarg)
      {
            for (i = 1; uarg; ++i)
            {
                  register ldiv_t r;

                  r       = ldiv(uarg, base);
                  *tail-- = (char)(r.rem + ((9L < r.rem) ?
                                  ('A' - 10L) : '0'));
                  uarg    = r.quot;
            }
      }
      else  *tail-- = '0';

      memcpy(head, ++tail, i);
      return str;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isisbn.c0000755000076400001440000000077107055334023015733 /*
**  ISISBN.C - Validate International Standard Book Numbers (ISBNs)
**
**  public domain by Maynard Hogg
*/

#include 

int isbn2(char *str)
{
      int i = 0;
      int test = 0;
      int c;

      while ('\0' != (c = *str++))
      {
            if (isdigit(c))
                  c -= '0';
            else if (i == 9 && 'X' == c)
                  c = 10;
            else continue;
            test += c * ++i;
      }
      return (i == 10 && test % 11 == 0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/myio.h0000755000076400001440000000524207055334116015427 // Myio.h
// Specialised I/O class to demonstrate use of C++ iostream
// facilities in a customised environment
// Written by David L Nugent, June 1993.
//

# if !defined(_Myio_h)
# define _Myio_h 1

    // Foward declare classes

class Myio;
class Mystreambuf;
class Mystreambase;
class Mystream;

    // Forward declare iostream classes

class iostream;

    //
    // class Myio
    // This is a simplistic class which simply fields
    // input and output to a simulated stream device.
    //
    // In fact, it doesn't really do much at all other
    // than read input from and send output to a
    // circular queue, as though talking via a loopback
    // pipe to itself.
    //


class Myio
{
    friend class Mystreambuf;

  public:

    Myio (int sz =2048);                    // sz = buffer size to allocate
    virtual ~Myio (void);

    iostream & stream (void);               // Return (or create) stream

    int readok (void) const;                // Underflow check
    int writeok (void) const;               // Overflow check
    int gcount (void) const;                // Get # of chrs last read
    int pcount (void) const;                // Get # of chrs last written
    int count (void) const;                 // Get # of chrs in buffer
    int size (void) const;                  // Get size of buffer
    int dump (void) const;                  // Debugging - dumps buffer

    int write (char const * buf, int len);  // Put data into 'pipe'
    int read (char * buf, int max);         // Read data from our 'pipe'

  private:

    enum
    {
        overflow    = 0x0001,   // Last write only partial
        underflow   = 0x0002    // Last read only partial
    };

    unsigned stat;              // Last read/write status
    int _pcount;                // Last write count
    int _gcount;                // Last read count
    int bufsize;                // Size of our buffer
    int bufchars;               // Chrs in buffer now
    int bufidx;                 // Index into buffer (next put)
    char * bufaddr;             // Pointer to buffer
    Mystream * mystream;        // Stream assocated with this object

};

inline int
Myio::readok (void) const
    {   return ((stat & Myio::underflow) == 0); }

inline int
Myio::writeok (void) const
    {   return ((stat & Myio::overflow) == 0);  }

inline int
Myio::gcount (void) const
    {   return _gcount;     }

inline int
Myio::pcount (void) const
    {   return _pcount;     }

inline int
Myio::count (void) const
    {   return bufchars;    }

inline int
Myio::size (void) const
    {   return bufsize;     }

# endif     // _Myio_h
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/big_mall.h0000755000076400001440000000063707055333646016232 /*
** void _far *BigMalloc(unsigned long num_elem, size_t size_elem)
*/

#ifdef MSDOS
 #if defined(__TURBOC__) || defined(__ZTC__)
  #ifdef __TURBOC__
   #define _far far
  #endif
  #define BigMalloc(i,n) (void _far *)farmalloc(i*n)
 #else                                          /* MSC, Watcom  */
  #define BigMalloc(i,n) (void _far *)halloc(i,n)
#else
 #define BigMalloc(i,n) malloc(i*n)
#endif 
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/vfname.c0000755000076400001440000001465407055334317015733 /*
**  VFNAME.C
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#ifdef TRUE
 #undef TRUE
#endif
#ifdef FALSE
 #undef FALSE
#endif
#ifdef ERROR
 #undef ERROR
#endif

enum LOGICAL {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FALSE = 0, TRUE};

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
  #include 
#endif
#if !defined( MAXFILE )
  #define MAXFILE 9
#endif

#define NUL '\0'

/*
**  Prototypes
*/

int valid_fname  (char *fname, int wild_check);

/*
**  valid_fname.c
**
**  Verifies whether a filename is valid or invalid without
**  altering the passed filename itself.
**
**  Note that only filenames are validated. Path and drive specs
**  need to be separately validated. See FLN_FIX.C in SNIPPETS.
**
**  Arguments: 2 - fname = a char array MAXFILE long
**                 wild_check: 0 means wildcard use okay
**                             any other value means test for
**                             wildcards which are not acceptable
**
**  Returns:   ERROR   - fname is invalid
**             SUCCESS - fname is valid
**
**  Side effects: none
**
**  Speed: 1) Turbo Profiler rates valid_fname at 0.0004 sec/call
**            on an Intel 80286.
**         2) Token testing from both ends to center yields a slight
**            improvement.
**
**  Notes: Space, ASCII character 32, is a special case. Dos will
**         write a filename or volume label that includes a space.
**         Getting access to that file, afterwards, is not always
**         easy :) For my purposes, space is an invalid filename
**         token. You? You're on your own :)
**
**         Uses strnicmp() and stricmp(), non-ISO/ANSI, but available on
**         all DOS C compilers (MSC, BC++, SC++ WC, etc.)
**
**  Revisions: 1) Dropped str2upper after comment by David Johnson
**                on 07-17-93
**             2) Added [] to token list after comment by Ed
**                Kowalski on 07-17-93
**             3) Added lpt1-lpt3, com1-com4 and clock$ to
**                invalid name list after comment by Ed
**                Kowalski on 07-17-93
**             4) Eliminated double exit points after my own
**                comment to Bob Stout :) on 07/22/1993
**             5) Revisions to detect DOS extension errors on 03/13/94   
**
**  Public domain by Sid Rogers and Bob Stout
**
*/

int valid_fname(char *fname, int wild_check)
{
      /* invalid filename tokens */

      static char invalid_tokens[] = "\0 ,;:|\\/<>\"+=[]*?";
      static int  itoklen = sizeof(invalid_tokens) - 1;

      /* invalid file names -- even with extension .xxx */

      static char *invalid_3lnam[]={"AUX","CON","PRN","NUL","COM",NULL};

      /* other invalid file & directory names */

      static char *invalid_4lnam[]={"LPT1","LPT2","LPT3","COM1",
                                    "COM2","COM3","COM4",NULL};

      static char *invalid_6lnam = "CLOCK$";

      int   num_toks, fl, i, j, k, proceed = 0;
      char *p;

      /* Handle the critical stuff first  */

      for (i = 0; invalid_3lnam[i]; ++i)
      {
            if (SUCCESS == strnicmp(fname, invalid_3lnam[i], 3))
                  proceed = ERROR;
      }

      /* Handle extensions next           */

      if (ERROR != proceed && NULL != (p = strchr(fname, '.')))
      {
            if (3 < strlen(p+1) || NULL != strchr(p+1, '.'))
                  proceed = ERROR;
            if (8 < (p - fname))
                  proceed = ERROR;
      }

      if (ERROR != proceed)
      {
            if (p)
                  *p = NUL;

            for (i = 0; invalid_4lnam[i]; ++i)
            {
                  if (SUCCESS == stricmp(fname, invalid_4lnam[i]))
                        proceed = ERROR;
            }

            if (SUCCESS == stricmp(fname, invalid_6lnam))
                  proceed = ERROR;
            if (p)
                  *p = '.';
            else if (8 < strlen(fname))
                  proceed = ERROR;
      }

      fl = strlen(fname);

      /* process filename for invalid tokens */

      if (ERROR != proceed)
      {
            if (wild_check)
                  num_toks = itoklen;                 /* wildcards invalid */
            else  num_toks = itoklen - 2;             /* wildcards ok      */

            for (i = -1, j = 0; i < 0 && j < num_toks; j++)
            {
                  for (k = 0; k < fl; k++)
                        if(invalid_tokens[j] == fname[k])
                              i=j;
            }
            if (i >= 0)
                  proceed = ERROR;
      }
      return proceed; /* single exit point */
}

#ifdef TEST

/*
**  Revised function test - Performs standard tests and then validates
**  filenames passed on the command line.
*/

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      static char *name_test[]= {"aaa","aux","con","prn","nul","lpt1", "lpt2",
                                 "lpt3","com1","com2","com3", "com4","bbbb",
                                 "clock$","com.c", "cccccc",NULL};

      static char *token_test[]={"00fname.","01 fname","02fname,", "03fname[",
                                 "04fname;","05fname:", "06fname|","07fname/",
                                 "08fname<", "09fname>","10fname+","11fname=",
                                 "12fname\\","13fname\"","14fname]",
                                 "15fname*", "16fname?","filename", NULL};

      char fname[MAXFILE];
      int i;

      for (i = 0; name_test[i]; ++i)
      {
            strcpy(fname,name_test[i]);
            printf("%6s is %s\n",fname,
                  valid_fname(fname,0) ? "INvalid" : "Valid");
      }

      puts("\nHit a key");
      getch();

      puts("\n[Wildcards not allowed]\n");
      for (i = 0; token_test[i]; ++i)
      {
            strcpy(fname,token_test[i]);
            printf("%s is %s\n",fname,
                  valid_fname(fname,1) ? "INvalid" : "Valid");
      }

      puts("\nHit a key");
      getch();

      puts("\n[Wildcards allowed]\n");
      for (i = 0; token_test[i]; ++i)
      {
            strcpy(fname,token_test[i]);
            printf("%s is %s\n",fname,
                  valid_fname(fname,0) ? "INvalid" : "Valid");
      }

      puts("\nHit a key");
      getch();

      while (--argc)
      {
            strcpy(fname, *(++argv));
            printf("%s is %s\n",fname,
                  valid_fname(fname,1) ? "INvalid" : "Valid");
      }
      return 0;
}
#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ltostr.c0000755000076400001440000000276007055334046016000 /*
**  LTOSTR.C -- routine and example program to convert a long int to
**  the specified numeric base, from 2 to 36.
**
**  Written by Thad Smith III, Boulder, CO. USA  9/06/91 
**  and contributed to the Public Domain.
*/

#include 

char *                  /* addr of terminating null */
ltostr (
    char *str,          /* output string */
    long val,           /* value to be converted */
    unsigned base)      /* conversion base       */
{
    ldiv_t r;           /* result of val / base */

    if (base > 36)      /* no conversion if wrong base */
    {
        str = '\0';
        return str;
    }
    if (val < 0)    *str++ = '-';
    r = ldiv (labs(val), base);

    /* output digits of val/base first */

    if (r.quot > 0)  str = ltostr (str, r.quot, base);

    /* output last digit */

    *str++ = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"[(int)r.rem];
    *str   = '\0';
    return str;
}

#include 
main()
{
    char buf[100], line[100], *tail;
    long v;
    int inbase, outbase;

    for (;;)
    {
        printf ("inbase, value, outbase? ");
        fgets (line, sizeof line, stdin);
        sscanf (line, " %d%*[, ]%[^, ]%*[, ]%d", &inbase, buf, &outbase);
        if (inbase == 0)
            break;                              /* exit if first number 0 */
        v = strtol (buf, &tail, inbase);
        ltostr (buf, v, outbase);
        printf ("=%ld (10) = %s (%d).\n", v, buf, outbase);
    };
    return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pcnvrt.c0000755000076400001440000000120507055334131015751 /*
**  demo code for converting Pascal strings to/from C strings
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

typedef unsigned char UCHAR;

#define P2Cconvert(s) {UCHAR n = *(s); memmove((s), &(s)[1], n); s[n] = '\0';}
#define C2Pconvert(s) {int n = strlen(s); memmove(&(s)[1], (s), n); *(s) = n;}

#if (0)                             /* Demo code fragment follows */

      char string[81];

      fgets(string, 81, inFile);    /* get 80-char pascal string  */
      P2Cconvert(string);           /* convert it in place        */
      C2Pconvert(string);           /* convert back               */

#endif 
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/which_c.txt0000755000076400001440000003420207055334340016443 Q:  Which PC C/C++ compiler is best and what should I buy?

A:  This is perhaps the commonest of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's),
especially by beginning C'er. The honest answer is that there is no "best"
compiler and what may be best for you depends to a large degree on what
you'll be using it for. The PC C/C++ compiler market is quite brutal and the
companies that have survived have done so because some number of people think
each of them makes the "best" compiler.

    With the preceding caveat in mind, following are some summaries of the
current crop of C/C++ compilers with some of their strengths and weaknesses.
Additional recommended reading are the C/C++ compiler reviews appearing in PC
Magazine. PC Mag's reviews for many years were highly slanted and suspect,
but in the past 2 years, have become commendably objective and even-handed.


MIX POWER C
-----------

Power C is the least expensive PC C compiler on the market. The compiler
itself is $20, and an additional $30 will buy their source-level debugger
along with the complete library source code with an assembler.

So, what's the catch?

None, actually. Power C is a quite decent and ANSI-conforming compiler which
compiles relatively tight, fast code relatively quickly. It's biggest
drawback is its use of a non-standard object file format which obviates
object-level compatibility with any other compiler using Microsoft/Intel
standard object file formats. Another problem is lack of support from 3rd
party library vendors. Although Mix sells a wide range of libraries
themselves, it's difficult to convince a vendor to produce a $100 add-on
library for a $20 compiler.

On the plus side, Power C comes with the best user's manual for students in
the business. The beginner's tutorial section has enabled many beginning C
programmers to get up to speed without spending another dime on any other
textbooks. Should you want more instruction, Mix sells a package including
Power C with the library source and debugger along with the book "Master C"
for only $60.

Power C's primary technical claim to fame is its floating point which
challenges the industry leader, Watcom, in many cases. It's also the only
remaining C compiler which can run effectively on small or older machines
without extended memory (SC++ can also, but is limited to *very* small
programs).



MICROSOFT VISUAL C++ (VC++)
---------------------------

Microsoft's professional compiler now comes in two versions with the same
name. The profession version replaces Microsoft C/C++, version 7.0. The
regular version replaces Microsoft Quick C for Windows. The primary
difference is the price and the extras since each requires at least a 386
processor, 4 Mb of *available* extended memory, and a DPMI server such as
Windows 3.1. If you don't have the machine resources, you can't use VC++.

On the plus side, VC++ is an excellent C++ compiler and generates executables
which may not always be smaller than Borland, but usually execute faster.
Microsoft's C compilers are still the standard for PC C compilers and it
shows in the ready availability of 3rd party libraries supporting it. Support
for Windows programming is excellent with tools only rivaled by SC++ (which is
shipped with licensed copies of VC++'s MFC 2.0 class library).

Compile times with full optimization are still quite sluggish, but using the
quick compile option can be provide acceptable results.


BORLAND C++ (BC++)
------------------

BC++ carries on Borland's tradition of providing excellent bang for the buck.
The latest release (3.1) of their professional compiler is an attractive
alternative to shops also considering VC++. BC++ isn't as demanding as VC++
and only requires a 286 and 2 Mb of *available* extended memory to run. A full
32-bit version is currently available for OS/2 2.1. Windows programming
support is also quite good, but has been leapfrogged somewhat by VC++ and SC++
for the time being.

Borland's tools are uniformly excellent, but the compiler still suffers a bit
in comparison to the industry's technological leaders, Microsoft, Watcom, and
Symantec - although the gap is closing. As with VC++, it's an excellent C++
compiler and enjoys widespread support among 3rd party library vendors. Like
all Borland compilers, ease of use was a design priority, all oriented to the
excellent IDE.

Borland recently alienated many of their loyal customers with the release of
BC++ 4.0. In addition to the normal version x.0 bugs that we all expect, the
new version came with no DOS IDE, vastly slower compilation times (with no
apparent increase in optimization to justify the slowdown), and an odious new
license agreement that their lawyers quickly rescinded in the face of the
massive desertion of corporate clients. They're working hard to get folks to
like them again, but for the first time in their corporate life, they have
seriously dissatisfied customers and aren't quite sure how to handle it.


TURBO C++ (TC++)
----------------

TC++ is to Borland's C++ compiler targeted at the hobbyist market. The latest
version (TC++ 3.1) raised quite a stir when Borland released it requiring at
least a 286 processor and 1 Mb of *available* extended memory above the
normal 640K DOS limit.  Many hobbyists running on older XT's, or machines
without the excess memory capacity have therefore failed to upgrade to the
new release.

If you have the machine to support it, TC++ has the usual Borland attributes
of extreme ease-of-use, attractive Integrated Development Environment (IDE),
and good supporting tools. Based on the facts of BC++ 4.0 cited above, it has
become the compiler of choice for many Borland loyalists.


SYMANTEC C++ (SC++)
-------------------

Symantec C++ (nee Zortech C++) was the industry's first C++ compiler, but fell
behind in tracking the C++ language spec. Bought out by Symantec in 1991, the
C compiler was always excellent and now its C++ compiler rates among the best.

SC++ supports DOS, Mac, Unix, Win32s, and NT (OS/2 was supported in previous
Zortech releases and may be again) using an extremely powerful new object-
oriented Windows-hosted IDE. It includes excellent libraries and add-ons
including a TSR library, swapping spawn functions, a royalty-free 32-bit DOS
extender, and an excellent set of ancillary C and C++ tools libraries
including MFC 2.0 as previously noted. VC++ can generate true 32-bit code and
has a switch for generating Pentium code. At the same time that Symantec
bought Zortech, they also bought Multiscope, whose debuggers are included in
the package. As with VC++, SC++ includes excellent tools for quickly
developing Windows applications.

SC++ has always been in the forefront of optimizer technology along with
Microsoft and Watcom. A major feature is full IEEE-754 and NCEG (Numerical C
Extensions Group (an ANSI working committee trying to make C a suitable
replacement for FORTRAN) compatibilty.

The only negative for the current release is a poor reputation which arose
largely during the period following the Symantec acquisition of Zortech. With
6.1, these now appear mostly fixed. With the 6.1 release, support of DOS
graphics has been dropped, but an updated version of the excellent Flash
Graphics package shipped with the Zortech versions is available from FlashTek,
which also supplies improved verions of the 32-bit DOS extender and the
pre-Symantec debugger.

One caveat - if you got the 6.0 release, be sure to get the free 6.1 update!


WATCOM C/C++ (WC++)
-------------------

Watcom is the technological industry leader, performing feats of optimization
and floating point speed other vendors only dream of. The cost is compile
speed, which has been described (somewhat unfairly) as glacial. For all its
technical excellence, WC++ is still a niche market compiler like SC++. As
such, it's 3rd party support is poor, but many have found that Microsoft C
libraries will work just fine with WC++. Like SC++, and unlike BC++ and VC++,
WC++ provides documented support for embedded systems work, although not to
nearly the same degree as Metaware (see below).

Also, like SC++, WC++ supports 32-bit code generation. WC++ is the compiler
of choice for many OEMs, such as Novell, who want only the best supporting
code for their products. MSC/VC++ compatibility is excellent, but watch out
for Watcom's sensitivity to proper _cdecl declarations, implemented in Watcom
via a pragma rather than as a built-in language feature. Watcom sells both
16- and 32-bit versions of its C/C++ compiler. The best deal is to buy the
32-bit compiler and then purchase the 16-bit upgrade pack.

Where Watcom really shines is its support for a multitude of environments
with the same compiler(s). Supported are DOS, Win3.1, Win32s, NT, OS/2 (1.x &
2.x), Netware 386, AutoCAD ADS, QNX, Phar Lap and Rational DOS extenders.
With such a bewildering array of targets, compilation is relatively
straightforward but the linker has a steep learning curve.

Watcom remains the only one of the "big name" compilers to not ofer an IDE,
if that's important to you or you don't own a "real" programmer's editor.


METAWARE HIGH-C/C++ (HC++)
--------------------------

HC++ is the darling of some segments of the embedded systems market. As such,
it's a lot like WC++, only not quite as good and a lot weirder since it
offers detailed control over every aspect of the executable. Most WC++
comments apply, except for the ones relating to quality of generated code.
HC++'s code is quite good, but seems to be showing its niche market
orientation (any one remember Manx Aztec C?)


TOPSPEED C/C++ (TSC++)
----------------------

TSC++ has had a rocky life, getting off to a late start in the market and
never having really quite caught on. Originally, TSC++ was a Turbo C clone
which shared tools and environments with its sister Modula-2 compiler. More
recent versions have extended this by using a modular approach with an
environment supporting "plug-in" compilers for various languages which can
all be used together. The company was recently acquired by Clarion.

TSC++'s undisputed biggest strength is its smart linker and various features
added to facilitate mixed-language programming (Modula-2, for example,
supports multi-threaded code). Using this technology, you can count on TSC++
to almost always produce the smallest executables for a given piece of source
code. The library, written almost exclusively in assembly, is also excellent
and contributes to the frugal use of run-time memory. Unfortunately,
compiler-generated code is typically not of the same quality.

Drawbacks include almost non-existant 3rd party support and the pervasive IDE
which feels more at home to Modula-2 programmers than C programmers.


GNU C/C++ (GCC, G++)
--------------------

Available from the Free Software Foundation, GCC and G++ are the only
compilers listed here available for free without a guilty conscience.
Originally written for Unix systems, there are several DOS ports available,
all of which require some sort of DOS extender technology built-in in order
to work in DOS's limited memory. OS/2 ports obviously don't share this
limitation. Along with SC++, WC++, and HC++, the gnu compilers round out the
list of full ISO/ANSI/ARM compilers with explicit support for embedded
systems.

Performance is decent, but not earth-shattering, and executable tends to
exhibit lots of bloat. If you plan to use one of these to write commercial
code, be sure and read the license agreement *very* closely.


DUNFIELD MICRO-C
----------------

There have been many "small" or "tiny" C's over the years, some useful for
teaching the rudiments of compiler construction, others not much use for
anything. Small C's typically lack structs, unions, bit fields, and even long
integers.

Why bother listing this one then?

First of all, Micro-C is an evolving product which, as of version 3, now
includes many features such as structs and unions not normally associated
with small C's.

Also, the source code (available when you register the shareware version) is
quite decent and really can teach you something about compiler internals. But
Micro-C is genuinely useful for a lot more reasons.

The author also produces cross-assemblers for a variety of microprocessors
and provides plug-in code generators for his C compiler to use with those
chips as well. The 80x86 version comes ready to compile either PC or embedded
code. Included in the PC library are support for writing TSR's, interrupt-
driven serial I/O, and screen windowing. Amazingly, it also sports an
optimizer, but requires MASM or equivalent for compiling PC applications.

Supporting small and tiny model only, Micro-C executables are phenomenally
small. "Hello world" programs that run 5-6K on other compilers run under 600
bytes when compiled with Micro-C.

One other point needs to be mentioned with respect to Micro-C...  Although it
is *a* small C, it has no code commonality with *the* Small C from the book
of the same name. This is important since there are a number of variants of
Small C available, all not much better than the original.  Micro-C, OTOH, was
written by Dave Dunfield completely from scratch and is a *much* better
designed piece of code and certainly much more instructive to fledgling
compiler writers. His better design is evinced in code quality and execution
speed.


PCC
---

The Personal C Compiler is available as shareware. It used to be marketed as
the deSmet C compiler and had a generally good reputation for quick compile
times and tight code. Unfortunately, the product hasn't been seriously
upgraded in quite a while and can't stand too much comparison. It's horribly
non-ANSI compliant, has a weaker set of library functions than Micro-C,
features non-standard file formats, and is generally incompatible with most
published C code

If price is your concern, Mix Power C costs less to buy than PCC and offers
better performance along with the ANSI compliance that PCC lacks. If you plan
on using an unregistered copy, Gnu C/C++ are vastly superior and are legally
free. If you're attracted to its tight, fast code and can live with quirks
and without ANSI compliance, go with Dunfield Micro-C.
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isxkbrd.c0000755000076400001440000000217407055334026016114 /*
**  ISXKBRD.C - public domain by Ed Kowalski.
**
**  isxkeybrd() - detects enhanced kbd
*/

#include 

/*
**  Check for enhanced keyboard support.
*/

int isxkeybrd(void)
{
      union REGS rg;
      unsigned kbdflags;

      rg.h.ah = 0x02;               /* check BIOS supports enhanced kbd */
      int86(0x16, &rg, &rg);        /* get kbd flags                    */
      kbdflags = rg.h.al;

      /* mess 'em up, get enhanced flags */

      rg.x.ax = 0x1200 + kbdflags ^ 0xff;
      int86(0x16, &rg, &rg);
      if (rg.h.al == kbdflags)      /* BIOS supports enhanced keyboard  */
      {
            /* if bit 4 at 40:96h is set machine has an enhanced kbd */

            if ((*(( char far *) 0x400096L) & 0x10))
                  return 1;         /* enhanced keyboard present        */
      }
      return 0;                     /* don't use enhanced keyboard calls */
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
main()
{
      if (isxkeybrd())
            puts( "Enhanced Keyboard supported" );
      else  puts( "Enhanced Keyboard NOT supported ");
      return 0;
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/prtscrn.c0000755000076400001440000000173107055334153016140 /*
**  PRTSC.C - Access the BIOS print screen function
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

/*
**  Get screen printing status
**
**  0 - Ready
**  1 - Screen printing in process
**  2 - Error occurred last time
*/

int PrtScrnStat(void)
{
      return ((int)*((char FAR *)(0x00500000)));
}

/*
**  Print the current screen
*/

int PrtScrn(void)
{

      union REGS regs;                    /* Dummy for use by int86()   */

      if (1 == PrtScrnStat())             /* Can we print now?          */
            return -1;                    /* Nope, return with error    */
      int86(5, ®s, ®s);             /* Issue Int 5                */
      return 0;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

void main(void)
{
      printf("PrtScrn() returned %d\n", PrtScrn());
      printf("PrtScrnStat() returned %d\n", PrtScrnStat());
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ll_qsort.c0000755000076400001440000000762107055334040016303 /*========== SNIP SNIP SNIP ==========*/
/* SORT.H */

void    *sortl(void *list, void *(*getnext)(void *), 
                void (*setnext)(void *, void *), 
                int (*compare)(void *, void *));

/*========== SNIP SNIP SNIP ==========*/
/* SORT.C */
#include    
#include    "sort.h"


/*
    This is a quicksort routine to be used to sort linked-lists
    by Jon Guthrie.
*/

void    *sortl(list, getnext, setnext, compare)
void    *list, *(*getnext)(void *), (*setnext)(void *, void *);
int     (*compare)(void *, void *);

{
void    *low_list, *high_list, *current, *pivot, *temp;
int     result;

    /*
        Test for empty list.
    */
    if(NULL == list)
        return(NULL);

    /*
        Find the first element that doesn't have the same value as the first
        element.
    */
    current = list;
    do
    {
        current = getnext(current);
        if(NULL == current)
            return(list);
    }   while(0 == (result = compare(list, current)));

    /*
        My pivot value is the lower of the two.  This insures that the sort
        will always terminate by guaranteeing that there will be at least one
        member of both of the sublists.
    */
    if(result > 0)
        pivot = current;
    else
        pivot = list;

    /* Initialize the sublist pointers */
    low_list = high_list = NULL;

    /*
        Now, separate the items into the two sublists
    */
    current = list;
    while(NULL != current)
    {
        temp = getnext(current);
        if(compare(pivot, current) < 0)
        {
            /* add one to the high list */
            setnext(current, high_list);
            high_list = current;
        }
        else
        {
            /* add one to the low list */
            setnext(current, low_list);
            low_list = current;
        }
        current = temp;
    }

    /*
        And, recursively call the sort for each of the two sublists.
    */
    low_list  = sortl(low_list, getnext, setnext, compare);
    high_list = sortl(high_list, getnext, setnext, compare);

    /*
        Now, I have to put the "high" list after the end of the "low" list.  
        To do that, I first have to find the end of the "low" list...
    */
    current = temp = low_list;
    while(1)
    {
        current = getnext(current);
        if(NULL == current)
            break;
        temp = current;
    }

    /*
        Then, I put the "high" list at the end of the low list
    */
    setnext(temp, high_list);
    return(low_list);
}

/* mergesort linked lists by Ray Gardner */
/* split list into 2 parts, sort each recursively, merge */
void    *sortl(p, getnext, setnext, compare)
void    *p, *(*getnext)(void *), (*setnext)(void *, void *);
int     (*compare)(void *, void *);
{
   void *q, *r, *head;

   if ( p ) {                           /* first split it */
      r = p;
      for ( q = getnext(r); q && (q = getnext(q)) != NULL; q = getnext(q) )
         r = getnext(r);
      q = getnext(r);
      setnext(r, NULL);
      if ( q ) {                        /* now sort each sublist */
         p = sortl(p, getnext, setnext, compare);
         q = sortl(q, getnext, setnext, compare);
         if ( compare(q, p) < 0 ) {     /* smallest item becomes list head */
            head = q;
            q = getnext(q);
         } else {
            head = p;
            p = getnext(p);
         }
         for ( r = head; p && q; ) {    /* now merge the lists under head */
            if ( keycmp(q, p) < 0 ) {
               setnext(r, q);
               r = q;
               q = getnext(q);
            } else {
               setnext(r, p);
               r = p;
               p = getnext(p);
            }
         }
         setnext(r, (p ? p : q));       /* append the leftovers */
         p = head;
      }
   }
   return p;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cmdline.c0000755000076400001440000000123207055333704016055 /*
**  CMDLINE.C - Demonstrates accessing command line arguments
*/

#include 

#define plural_text(n) &"s"[(1 == (n))]
#define plural_text2(n) &"es"[(1 == (n)) << 1]

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i, n = argc - 1;

      printf("You passed %d argument%s on the command line.",
            n, plural_text(n));

      if (argc > 1)
      {
            puts(" They are:");
            for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
            {
                  printf("\nArgument #%d:\n  Text: \"%s\"\n  Value: %d\n",
                        i, argv[i], atoi(argv[i]));
            }
      }
      else  putchar('\n');
      return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/prtstat.c0000755000076400001440000000235107055334153016145 /*
**  PRTSTAT.H - Header file for PRTSTAT.C
*/

#ifndef PRTSTAT_H
 #define PRTSTAT_H

struct PrStatus {
      unsigned int timeout  : 1;
      unsigned int unused   : 2;
      unsigned int IOerror  : 1;
      unsigned int selected : 1;
      unsigned int paperout : 1;
      unsigned int ack      : 1;
      unsigned int notbusy  : 1;
};

int prtstat(unsigned int);

#endif

/*** End of PRTSTAT.H *******************************************************/

/*
**  PRTSTAT.C - Determine printer status
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

#ifndef PRTSTAT_H
 #include "prtstat.h"
#endif

/*
**  prtstat() - Call with printer number (0 = LPT1, 1 = LPT2, 2 = LPT3)
**
**  Returns status which can be mapped to a PrStatus struct
*/

int prtstat(unsigned int printer_no)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 2;
      regs.x.dx = printer_no;
      int86(0x17, ®s, ®s);
      return regs.h.ah;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

#define show(x) printf(#x" is %strue (LPT1)\n", mystat.x ? "" : "not ");

void main(void)
{
      struct PrStatus mystat;

      *((int *)&mystat) = prtstat(0);
      show(notbusy);
      show(selected);
      show(paperout);
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/checkexe.c0000755000076400001440000000642107055333700016222 /*
** CHECKEXE.C - checksum protection for executable files
**
** by: Bob Jarvis
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

static struct {
      unsigned char marker[16];
      unsigned long checksum;
} marker_struct = {"CHECKEXE MARKER",0L};

void checkexe(char *fname)
{
      FILE *fptr;
      unsigned int c;
      int first_time = 0, i;
      char buffer[14];
      unsigned long chksum = 0L;
      unsigned long l;
      unsigned long marker_offset;
      unsigned char *charptr;
      time_t tm;

      fptr = fopen(fname,"r+b");
      if(fptr == NULL)
      {
            fprintf(stderr,"checkexe : unable to open input file '%s'\n",
                  fname);
            exit(99);
      }

      setvbuf(fptr, NULL, _IOFBF, 32767);    /* try to get a 32K buffer */

   /* 
    * If this is the first time the check has been run, scan the entire file
    * to find the marker.  Otherwise proceed.
    */

      if(marker_struct.checksum == 0L)
      {
            first_time = 1;

            c = fgetc(fptr);
            while(!feof(fptr))
            {
                  if(c == (unsigned int)marker_struct.marker[0])
                  {
                        fread(buffer,sizeof(buffer),1,fptr);
                        if(memcmp(buffer,&marker_struct.marker[1],
                              sizeof(buffer)) == 0)
                        {
                              marker_offset = ftell(fptr) + 1L;
                              break;
                        }
                        fseek(fptr,-13L,SEEK_CUR);
                  }

                  c = fgetc(fptr);
            }

            if(feof(fptr))
            {
                  fprintf(stderr,"checkexe : unable to locate marker\n");
                  exit(99);
            }

      /* Change the marker field to random values */

            tm = time(NULL);

            srand((unsigned int)tm);

            for(i = 0 ; i < sizeof(marker_struct.marker) ; ++i)
                  marker_struct.marker[i] = (unsigned char) rand();

            fseek(fptr,marker_offset - sizeof(marker_struct.marker),SEEK_SET);

            fwrite(marker_struct.marker,sizeof(marker_struct.marker),1,fptr);
      }

   /* Calculate the checksum for the entire file */

      rewind(fptr);

      c = fgetc(fptr);
      for(l = 0 ; !feof(fptr) ; ++l)
      {
            chksum += (unsigned long)c;
            c = fgetc(fptr);
      }

      if(first_time)
      {
            marker_struct.checksum = chksum;
            fseek(fptr,marker_offset,SEEK_SET);
            fwrite(&marker_struct.checksum,sizeof(unsigned long),1,fptr);
      }
      else
      {
            charptr = (unsigned char*) &marker_struct.checksum;

            for(i = 0 ; i < sizeof(marker_struct.checksum) ; ++i)
                  chksum -= (unsigned long)(charptr[i]);

            if(chksum != marker_struct.checksum)
            {
                  fprintf(stderr, "\acheckexe : %s has been altered, "
                        "possibly by a virus\n", fname);
                  exit(99);
            }
      }

      fclose(fptr);
      return;
}

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      checkexe(argv[0]);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/tail.c0000755000076400001440000001116207055334301015370 /*
**  TAIL.C
**  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
**  Display the last n lines of a file (20 lines by default).
**
**  Revision history
**  ================
**  Modified  19930604 by Ruurd Pels:
**  - Increased default line numbers from 5 to 20
**  - Made ANSI C conformant (I hope)
**  - Added '-' support for commandline
**  - Outputs header to stderr instead of stdout to leave it out when
**    redirecting files
**  - Fixed \r\r\n bug for MSDOS machines
**
**  Modified  19861005 by Joe Huffman:
**  - Utilize prototyping, fixed a bug, added (a few) comments and help.
**
**  Written   19860204 by Joe Huffman.
**
**  Not copyrighted.
*/

#include 
#include 

char            head1[] = {"\n------- \""};
char            head2[] = {" -------\n"};
FILE *          fp;
int             filenum;
int             cc;
unsigned int    linenum = 20;
unsigned int    indx;
long int *      tail;

/*
**  Get the number of lines to display at the "tail" of each file from
**  the command line.
*/

void getlinenum(int n, char * str[])
{
      for (--n; n; --n)
      {
            ++str;
            if ((**str == '/') || (**str == '-'))
            {
                  linenum = atoi(*(str) + 1);
                  if (linenum <= 0)
                        linenum = 20;
            }
      }

      /* Because we save a pointer to the end of the PREVIOUS line */
      linenum++;
}

/*
**  Set the file pointer "fp" to "linenum - 1" lines before the end of
**  the file.
*/

void gettail(void)
{
      unsigned char outstr[15];
      unsigned long int currline = 0L;

      tail = (long int *)malloc(sizeof(*tail) * linenum);
      if (!tail)
      {
            fputs("Insufficient memory.", stderr);
            exit(1);
      }
      tail[0] = ftell(fp);
      indx = 0;

      for (cc = getc(fp); cc != EOF; cc = getc(fp))
      {
            if (cc == '\r')
            {
                  ++currline;
                  cc = getc(fp);
                  if (cc != '\n')
                        ungetc(cc, fp);
                  ++indx;
                  indx %= linenum;
                  tail[indx] = ftell(fp);
            }
            else
            {
                  if (cc == '\n')
                  {
                        ++currline;
                        cc = getc(fp);
                        if (cc != '\r')
                              ungetc(cc, fp);
                        ++indx;
                        indx %= linenum;
                        tail[indx] = ftell(fp);
                  }
            }
      }
      fputs("\" ", stderr);
      ltoa(currline, outstr, 10);
      fputs(outstr, stderr);
      fputs(" lines", stderr);
      if (currline >= linenum - 1)
      {
            indx++;
            indx %= linenum;
      }
      else  indx = 0;

      if (fseek(fp, tail[indx], 0) == -1)
      {
            fputs("\nFile seek error.", stderr);
            exit(1);
      }
      free(tail);
}

/*
**  Tell the user what the program is and how to use it.
*/

void help(void)
{
      char *ptr;
      static char help_str[] =  "Usage:\n\nTAIL  [filename] "
            "[/n]\n\n  - The name of a valid file, wildcards "
            "accepted.\nn           - Number of lines to print out, 20 "
            "by default.";

      for (ptr = &help_str[0]; *ptr; ptr++)
            fputc(*ptr, stdout);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      if (argc <= 1)
      {
            help();
            exit(1);
      }

      getlinenum(argc, argv);

      for (filenum = 1; filenum < argc; ++filenum)
      {
            if (*argv[filenum] == '/')
                  continue;
            fp = fopen(argv[filenum], "rb");
            if (!fp)
            {
                  fputs(head1, stderr);
                  fputs(argv[filenum], stderr);
                  fputs("\" not found.", stderr);
                  fputs(head2, stderr);
            }
            else
            {
                  fputs(head1, stderr);
                  fputs(argv[filenum], stderr);
                  gettail();
                  fputs(head2, stderr);
                  for (cc = getc(fp); cc != EOF; cc = getc(fp))
                  {
#ifdef __MSDOS__
                        if (cc != '\r')
                        {
                              fputc(cc, stdout);
                        }
#else
                        fputc(cc, stdout);
#endif
                  }
                  fclose(fp);
            }
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strecpy.asm0000755000076400001440000000661307055334262016501         page    ,132
        title   STRECPY
COMMENT $
        Author: Leslie Satenstein
        A form of strcpy() where the result returned is the
        nul terminating character of the first argument. In many cases
        this function is move efficient than the equivalent
        strcpy, followed by strcat.
 
        The assembler code does a strlen followed by a memcpy,
            and makes use of the special string move instructions
            intrinsic to the intel 8088, 80186, 80286, '386 and '486s.
 
        Use as: strecpy(strecpy(target,"first part"),"Second part");
        in place of
                strcat(strcpy(target,"first part"),"Second part");
 
        One of the ways the C code appears is:
        char *strecpy(char *target,const char *src)
        {
           return target+strlen(strcpy(target,src));
        }
        Another way is to do your own looping:
 
        char *strecpy(char *target,const char *src)
        {
          char *cpt,*cps;        /* many compilers optimise better
                                  * when local pointers are declared
                                  * (locals can be assigned registers)
                                  */
          cpt=target-1;
          cps=src-1;
          do
          {
            *++cpt = *++src;     /* copy first, ask questions later */
          } while(*cpt!='\0');
          return cpt;
        }

        $
 
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via command
                                        ;line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE,
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=SMALL, etc.
        PUBLIC STRECPY
 
        .DATA
        .CODE
if    @DataSize
strecpy  proc uses si di ds,target:FAR ptr byte,src:FAR ptr byte
        les     di,src          ; load es:di with src
        mov     si,di           ; put copy to bx:si
        mov     bx,es
else
strecpy  proc uses si di,target:NEAR ptr byte,src:NEAR ptr byte
        mov     di,ds           ; make es same as ds
        mov     es,di
        mov     di,src
        mov     si,di           ; put copy to es:si
endif
        xor     ax,ax           ; scan for the nul at end of string
        mov     cx,-1
        repne   scasb
        not     cx              ; cx =    strlen(src)+1 ;
if    @Datasize
        les     di,target       ; this is where copy is to begin
        mov     dx,es           ; dx has segment, di has offset to target
        mov     ds,bx           ; ds:si have pointer to src
else
        mov     di,target       ; this is where copy is to begin
endif
        test    di,1            ; if we are on odd address, do one byte move
        jz      on_even
        movsb                   ; now, prepare to move words at a
        dec     cx              ;time to target
on_even:
        shr     cx,1            ; carry flag has remainder after divide by 2
        rep     movsw           ; move this many words
        jnc     fini            ; if no carry, we are finished
        movsb
fini:
        xchg    di,ax           ; set up return value, dx has seg value
        dec     ax              ; backup to the nul character
        ret
strecpy endp
        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cursize.c0000755000076400001440000000302007055333716016126 /*
**  Program to set the size of the cursor
**
**  Public domain demonstration by Bob Jarvis
*/

#include       /* puts()              */
#include         /* int86(), union REGS */
#include      /* exit(), atoi()      */

char *help =  "CURSIZE - sets the cursor size.\n"
              "Usage:\n"
              "   CURSIZE  \n"
              "where\n"
              "   top-line = top line of cursor within character cell\n"
              "   bottom-line = bottom line\n"
              "Example:\n"
              "   CURSIZE 7 8     \n"
              "   CURSIZE 32 32   ";

void cursor_size(int top_line, int bottom_line)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 1;
      regs.h.ch = (unsigned char)top_line;
      regs.h.cl = (unsigned char)bottom_line;

      int86(0x10,®s,®s);
}

void get_cursor_size(int *top_line, int *bottom_line)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 3;
      regs.h.bh = 0;
      int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);

      *top_line = regs.h.ch;
      *bottom_line = regs.h.cl;

      return;
}

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int top, bottom;

      if(argc < 3)
      {
            puts(help);
            exit(1);
      }

      top = atoi(argv[1]);
      bottom = atoi(argv[2]);

      cursor_size(top,bottom);

      top = bottom = -1;

      get_cursor_size(&top, &bottom);

      printf("top = %d  bottom = %d\n", top, bottom);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/spin.c0000755000076400001440000000154307055334246015422 /*
**  Miscellaneous text spinners demonstration
**
**  public domain by Jon Guthrie, Bob Stout, and others
*/

#include 

#define DURATION 500    /* Length of demo       */
#define SSLOWDOWN 5     /* Make spinner look ok */
#define TSLOWDOWN 10    /* Make target look ok  */

main()
{
      unsigned i;
      char spinner[] = "|/-\\", target[] = ".oO";

      for (i = 0; i < DURATION; ++i)
      {
            unsigned scount = i / SSLOWDOWN, tcount = i / TSLOWDOWN;
            unsigned scountdown  = DURATION / SSLOWDOWN;
            unsigned tcountdown  = DURATION / TSLOWDOWN;

            printf("CW %c ... CCW %c ... Explode %c ... Implode%c\r",
                  spinner[scount & 3], spinner[(scountdown - scount) & 3],
                  target[tcount % 3], target[(tcountdown - tcount) % 3]);
      }
      return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rg_ssort.c0000755000076400001440000000224707055334210016304 /*
**  ssort()  --  Fast, small, qsort()-compatible Shell sort
**
**  by Ray Gardner,  public domain   5/90
*/

#include 

void ssort (void  *base,
            size_t nel,
            size_t width,
            int (*comp)(const void *, const void *))
{
      size_t wnel, gap, wgap, i, j, k;
      char *a, *b, tmp;

      wnel = width * nel;
      for (gap = 0; ++gap < nel;)
            gap *= 3;
      while ( gap /= 3 )
      {
            wgap = width * gap;
            for (i = wgap; i < wnel; i += width)
            {
                  for (j = i - wgap; ;j -= wgap)
                  {
                        a = j + (char *)base;
                        b = a + wgap;
                        if ( (*comp)(a, b) <= 0 )
                              break;
                        k = width;
                        do
                        {
                              tmp = *a;
                              *a++ = *b;
                              *b++ = tmp;
                        } while ( --k );
                        if (j < wgap)
                              break;
                  }
            }
      }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rmtrail.c0000755000076400001440000000114007055334212016105 /*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1986, S.E. Margison
**  Copyright 1989, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version released to the public domain, 1991
**
**  remove trailing whitespace from a string
*/

#include 
#include 

#define NUL '\0'

char *rmtrail(char *str)
{
      int i;

      if (0 != (i = strlen(str)))
      {
            while (--i >= 0)
            {
                  if (!isspace(str[i]))
                        break;
            }
            str[++i] = NUL;
      }
      return str;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/stub.c0000755000076400001440000000656607055334271015436 /*
**  STUB.C - Utility to truncate files
**
**      STUB is used with MAKE utilities which lack the ability to timestamp
**      library object modules to reduce disk space requirements. After
**      compiling and building your library or executable, run "STUB *.OBJ"
**      to truncate all object files to zero length. The files' time and
**      date stamps will remain unchanged. By doing this, your make utility
**      will still know which modules are out of date even though the files
**      themselves have all been truncated to zero length. STUB also supports
**      the standard response file format so you can use your linker response
**      files to direct the files to be truncated.
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
**
**  Notes: To expand command line arguments with wildcards,
**         TC/TC++/BC++  - Link in WILDARGS.OBJ.
**         MSC/QC        - Link in SETARGV.OBJ.
**         ZTC/C++       - Link in _MAINx.OBJ, where 'x' is the memory model.
**         Watcom C/C++  - Compile & link with WILDARGV.C
**
**         Allows file list(s) using standard "@file_list_name" convention.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define LAST_CHAR(s) (s)[strlen(s)-1]

int fd;

void truncate(char *);

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      int i;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: STUB filespec [...filespec]");
            puts("where: filespec = fully-specified file name, or");
            puts("       filespec = wildcard-specified file name, or");
            puts("       filespec = response file name, e.g. \"@FILE.LST\"");
            return 1;
      }

      for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)    /* Scan for simple file specs       */
      {
            if ('@' == *argv[i])
                  continue;
            else  truncate(argv[i]);
      }
      for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)    /* Scan for response file specs     */
      {
            if ('@' == *argv[i])
            {
                  FILE *fp;
                  char buf[256], *ptr = &argv[i][1];

                  if (NULL == (fp = fopen(ptr, "r")))
                  {
                        printf("\aSTUB: Error opening %s\n", ptr);
                        return -1;
                  }
                  while (NULL != fgets(buf, 255, fp))
                  {
                        LAST_CHAR(buf) = '\0';  /* Strip '\n'           */
                        truncate(buf);
                  }
                  fclose(fp);
            }
      }
      return 0;
}

/*
**  The actual truncation function
*/

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #define GETFTIME dos_getftime
 #define SETFTIME dos_setftime
#else
 #define GETFTIME _dos_getftime
 #define SETFTIME _dos_setftime
#endif

void truncate(char *fname)
{
#ifdef __TURBOC__
            struct ftime Ftime;
#else
            unsigned short date, time;
#endif

            fd = open(fname, O_WRONLY);

#ifdef __TURBOC__                         /* Save the time/date         */
            getftime(fd, &Ftime);
#else
            GETFTIME(fd, &date, &time);
#endif

            chsize(fd, 0L);               /* Truncate the file          */

#ifdef __TURBOC__                         /* Restore the time/date      */
            setftime(fd, &Ftime);
#else
            SETFTIME(fd, date, time);
#endif
            close(fd);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/atr2ansi.c0000755000076400001440000000366607055333645016206 /*
**  Form a command string for ANSI.SYS to set a given video attribute
**
**  Public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

/* video attributes */

#define BLINKING 0x87
#define REVERSE 0x70
#define REVBLINK 0xf0
#define NORMAL 0x07
#define HIGHLITE 0x0f
#define HIGHBLINK 0x8f
#define BLINKBIT 0x80   /* OR in to cause blink */
#define HILTBIT 0x08    /* OR in to cause highlight */

/*
** colors -- Use as is for foreground colors
**           For background, shift left by 4 and OR with
**           foreground and possible video attributes
*/

#define BLACK 0
#define BLUE 1
#define GREEN 2
#define CYAN 3
#define RED 4
#define MAGENTA 5
#define BROWN 6
#define WHITE 7
#define GRAY 8
#define LTBLUE 9
#define LTGREEN 10
#define LTCYAN 11
#define LTRED 12
#define LTMAGENTA 13
#define YELLOW 14
#define HIWHITE 15    /* hi-intensity white */

#define BG_(a) (((a) & 0x7f) << 4)

/*
**  Example:
**   Video attribute of yellow text on blue background = BG_(BLUE)+YELLOW
*/

char *make_ansi(int vatr)
{
        void add_str(char *, char *);
        static char string[40];

        static char *fore[8] = {"30","34","32","36","31","35","33","37"};
        static char *back[8] = {"40","44","42","46","41","45","43","47"};

        strcpy(string, "\033[");
        if (vatr == 0x07)
                strcat(string, "0");
        else
        {
                if (vatr & 0x80)
                        add_str(string, "5");
                if (vatr & 0x08)
                        add_str(string, "1");
                add_str(string, fore[vatr & 0x07]);
                add_str(string, back[(vatr & 0x70) >> 4]);
        }
        strcat(string, "m");
        return string;
}

void add_str(char *string1, char *string2)
{
        char last_char;

        last_char = string1[strlen(string1) - 1];
        if (last_char != '[')
                strcat(string1, ";");
        strcat(string1, string2);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/checksum.c0000755000076400001440000000147407055333700016250 /*
**  CHECKSUM.C - Compute the checksum of a file
**
**  public somain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

unsigned checksum(void *buffer, size_t len, unsigned int seed)
{
      unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *)buffer;
      size_t i;

      for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
            seed += (unsigned int)(*buf++);
      return seed;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

main()
{
      FILE *fp;
      size_t len;
      char buf[4096], *file = "CHECKSUM.C";

      if (NULL == (fp = fopen(file, "rb")))
      {
            printf("Unable to open %s for reading\n", file);
            return -1;
      }
      len = fread(buf, sizeof(char), sizeof(buf), fp);
      printf("%d bytes read\n", len);
      printf("The checksum of %s is %#x\n", file, checksum(buf, len, 0));
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/droptime.c0000755000076400001440000000105407055333733016271 /** int drop_time(void)
**
**   Drops current timeslice in OS/2, Win, DPMI 1.0 and (I think) DV
**
**  Returns:  0 if not successful, 1 if dropped
**
**  Based on Ralf Brown's Interrupt list.
**  Donated to Public Domain by Thor Johnson.
**
***********************************************************************/

#include 

int drop_time(void)     /* Drops Time-slice, giving to another program */
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.x.ax = 0x1680;
      int86(0x2f, ®s, ®s);
      return (regs.h.al == 0x80)? 0 : 1;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/str27seg.c0000755000076400001440000000757207055334260016135 /*
**  STR27SEG.C - Convert numeric strings to 7-segment strings.
**
**  Public domain by Bob Stout
**
**  Input:  A string (NUL-delimited char array) containing only digits
**          ('0' - '9' chars).
**
**  Output: The same string with each digit converted to a 7-segment
**          representation. Returns NULL on error.
*/

#include 
#include 

#define CAST(new_type,old_object) (*((new_type *)&old_object))
#define DISP(str) fputs((str), stdout)

/*
**  Define the bit significance
**
**     a
**    ---
**   |   |
**  f|   |b
**   | g |
**    ---
**   |   |
**  e|   |c
**   |   |
**    ---
**     d
*/

struct Seg7disp {
      unsigned seg_a : 1;
      unsigned seg_b : 1;
      unsigned seg_c : 1;
      unsigned seg_d : 1;
      unsigned seg_e : 1;
      unsigned seg_f : 1;
      unsigned seg_g : 1;
} Seg7digits[10] = {
      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 },      /* 0 */
      { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },      /* 1 */
      { 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 },      /* 2 */
      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 },      /* 3 */
      { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 },      /* 4 */
      { 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 },      /* 5 */
      { 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },      /* 6 */
      { 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },      /* 7 */
      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },      /* 8 */
      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 }       /* 9 */
};

char *str27seg(char *string)
{
      char *str;
      int ch;

      for (str = string ; *str; ++str)
      {
            if (!isdigit(*str))
                  return NULL;
            ch = CAST(int, Seg7digits[*str - '0']);
            *str = (char)(ch & 0xff);
      }
      return string;
}

#ifdef TEST

main()
{
      char tstrng[] = "0123456789", *segs;

      printf("str27seg() returned %p", segs = str27seg(tstrng));
      if (segs)
      {
            char *ptr;
            struct Seg7disp ch;
            int i;

            puts(" & produced:\n");
            for (ptr = segs ; *ptr; ++ptr)
            {
                  ch = CAST(struct Seg7disp, *ptr);
                  if (ch.seg_a)
                        DISP(" --- ");
                  else  DISP("     ");
                  DISP("  ");
            }
            puts("");
            for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
            {
                  for (ptr = segs ; *ptr; ++ptr)
                  {
                        ch = CAST(struct Seg7disp, *ptr);
                        if (ch.seg_f)
                              DISP("|   ");
                        else  DISP("    ");
                        if (ch.seg_b)
                              DISP("|");
                        else  DISP(" ");
                        DISP("  ");
                  }
                  puts("");
            }
            for (ptr = segs ; *ptr; ++ptr)
            {
                  ch = CAST(struct Seg7disp, *ptr);
                  if (ch.seg_g)
                        DISP(" --- ");
                  else  DISP("     ");
                  DISP("  ");
            }
            puts("");
            for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
            {
                  for (ptr = segs ; *ptr; ++ptr)
                  {
                        ch = CAST(struct Seg7disp, *ptr);
                        if (ch.seg_e)
                              DISP("|   ");
                        else  DISP("    ");
                        if (ch.seg_c)
                              DISP("|");
                        else  DISP(" ");
                        DISP("  ");
                  }
                  puts("");
            }
            for (ptr = segs ; *ptr; ++ptr)
            {
                  ch = CAST(struct Seg7disp, *ptr);
                  if (ch.seg_d)
                        DISP(" --- ");
                  else  DISP("     ");
                  DISP("  ");
            }
            puts("");
      }
      else  puts("\n");

      return 0;
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/crc-16f.c0000755000076400001440000001117507055333711015610 /*
 * Calculate, intelligently, the CRC of a dataset incrementally given a
 * buffer full at a time.
 * Initialize crc to 0 for XMODEM, -1 for CCITT.
 *
 * Usage:
 *   newcrc = updcrc( oldcrc, bufadr, buflen )
 *        unsigned int oldcrc, buflen;
 *        char *bufadr;
 *
 * Compile with -DTEST to generate program that prints CRC of stdin to stdout.
 * Compile with -DMAKETAB to print values for crctab to stdout
 */

    /* the CRC polynomial. This is used by XMODEM (almost CCITT).
     * If you change P, you must change crctab[]'s initial value to what is
     * printed by initcrctab()
     */
#define   P    0x1021

    /* number of bits in CRC: don't change it. */
#define W 16

    /* this the number of bits per char: don't change it. */
#define B 8

static unsigned short crctab[1<>(W-B)) ^ *cp++];

      return( crc );
}

#ifdef MAKETAB
main()
{
      initcrctab();
}

initcrctab()
{
      register  b, v, i;

      for( b = 0; b <= (1<= 0; )
                  v = v&0x8000 ? (v<<1)^P : v<<1;
            crctab[b] = v;

            printf( "0x%04x,", v & 0xFFFF );
            if( (b&7) == 7 )
                  printf("\n" );
            else  printf("  ");
      }
}
#endif

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

#define MAXBUF 4096

void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      int fd = 0;
      int nr;
      char buf[MAXBUF];
      unsigned short crc;

      if( argc > 1 )
      {
            if( (fd = open( argv[1], O_RDONLY )) < 0 )
            {
                  perror( argv[1] );
                  exit( -1 );
            }
      }
      crc = 0;
      while( (nr = read( fd, buf, MAXBUF )) > 0 )
            crc = updcrc( crc, buf, nr );
      printf( "%04x\n", crc );
      if( nr != 0 )
            perror( "reading" );
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ispow2.c0000755000076400001440000000035107055334024015662 #include 

int another_function(int x) { return! ((~(~0U>>1)|x)&x -1) ;}

int main(void)
{
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
            printf("%3d: %d\n", i, another_function(i));
      return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/trim.c0000755000076400001440000000323007055334311015410 /*
**  TRIM.C - Remove leading, trailing, & excess embedded spaces
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 

#define NUL '\0'

char *trim(char *str)
{
      char *ibuf = str, *obuf = str;
      int i = 0, cnt = 0;

      /*
      **  Trap NULL
      */

      if (str)
      {
            /*
            **  Remove leading spaces (from RMLEAD.C)
            */

            for (ibuf = str; *ibuf && isspace(*ibuf); ++ibuf)
                  ;
            if (str != ibuf)
                  memmove(str, ibuf, ibuf - str);

            /*
            **  Collapse embedded spaces (from LV1WS.C)
            */

            while (*ibuf)
            {
                  if (isspace(*ibuf) && cnt)
                        ibuf++;
                  else
                  {
                        if (!isspace(*ibuf))
                              cnt = 0;
                        else
                        {
                              *ibuf = ' ';
                              cnt = 1;
                        }
                        obuf[i++] = *ibuf++;
                  }
            }
            obuf[i] = NUL;

            /*
            **  Remove trailing spaces (from RMTRAIL.C)
            */

            while (--i >= 0)
            {
                  if (!isspace(obuf[i]))
                        break;
            }
            obuf[++i] = NUL;
      }
      return str;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      printf("trim(\"%s\") ", argv[1]);
      printf("returned \"%s\"\n", trim(argv[1]));
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ldfloor.c0000755000076400001440000000314607055334037016111 /* ldfloor() -- long double floor
** public domain by Raymond Gardner  Englewood, CO
** tested with TC++
** assumptions: 80-bit IEEE format numbers, stored LSB first 
**   (Intel style), longs & ints are accessed from arbitrary boundaries
*/

long double ldfloor(long double a)
{
    long double a0;
    int e, n;
   
    a0 = a;
    e = ((int *)&a)[4] & 0x7FFF;        /* extract exponent         */
    if ( e == 0 )                       /* 0 is special case        */
        return (long double) 0.0;
    e -= 16383;                         /* unbias exponent          */
    if (e < 0)                          /* if < 0, num is < 1,...   */
    {
        a = 0.0;                        /* so floor is zero         */
    }
    else if ((n = 63 - e) > 0)          /* clear n least sig. bits  */
    {
        if (n < 32)                     /* clear n lowest bits      */
        {
            ((unsigned long *)&a)[0] &= ~((1L << n) - 1);
        }
        else                            /* n >= 32 */
        {
            ((unsigned long *)&a)[0] = 0; /* clear lower 32 bits            */
            n -= 32;                    /* how many left to clear ?         */
            if (n)                      /* if any, clear n next lowest bits */
            {
                ((unsigned long *)&a)[1] &= ~((1L << n) - 1);
            }
        }
    }
    if (a0 < 0 && a0 != a)          /* if neg. and it had fractional bits */
        a -= 1.0;                   /* adjust the floor                   */
    return a;                       /* return it                          */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/palndrom.c0000755000076400001440000000042707055334126016262 /**/char q='"',*a="*//**/char q='%c',*a=%c%s%c*/};)b(stup;]d[b=]d-472[b)--d(elihw;)q,a,q,q,2+a,b(ftnirps;)b(stup{)(niam;731=d tni;]572[b,"
,b[275];int d=137;main(){puts(b);sprintf(b,a+2,q,q,a,q);while(d--)b[274-d]=b[d];puts(b);}/*c%s%c%=a*,'c%'=q rahc/**//*"=a*,'"'=q rahc/**/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/crc-16.c0000755000076400001440000000200107055333710015425 #define POLY 0x8408
/*
//                                      16   12   5
// this is the CCITT CRC 16 polynomial X  + X  + X  + 1.
// This works out to be 0x1021, but the way the algorithm works
// lets us use 0x8408 (the reverse of the bit pattern).  The high
// bit is always assumed to be set, thus we only use 16 bits to
// represent the 17 bit value.
*/

unsigned short crc16(char *data_p, unsigned short length)
{
      unsigned char i;
      unsigned int data;
      unsigned int crc = 0xffff;

      if (length == 0)
            return (~crc);

      do
      {
            for (i=0, data=(unsigned int)0xff & *data_p++;
                 i < 8; 
                 i++, data >>= 1)
            {
                  if ((crc & 0x0001) ^ (data & 0x0001))
                        crc = (crc >> 1) ^ POLY;
                  else  crc >>= 1;
            }
      } while (--length);

      crc = ~crc;
      data = crc;
      crc = (crc << 8) | (data >> 8 & 0xff);

      return (crc);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/editgets.c0000755000076400001440000003071407055333743016264 /* editgets.c - line input w/editing                                        */
/* this code is released to the public domain                               */
/* written by Jon Burchmore                                                 */
/* modifications & enhancements by Bob Stout                                */

/* This is as close to ANSI compliant C that I could come, but it was made  */
/* on an IBM compatable computer, so I designed it for that platform.       */
/* If you're porting it to another computer type, please note how the IBM   */
/* passes enhanced keys.  First, it sends an ASCIIZ (character 0), then a   */
/* standard character.  Anyway, what the switch() statement does is check   */
/* to see if there WAS a zero sent, and if there wasn't, it just "falls"    */
/* through to the default, which handles normal characters.                 */

/* The conio header file provides the getch() function, which returns a     */
/* single character from the KEYBOARD, not stdin, and waits if it must.     */
/* It is be possible to re-write this function for a computer besides an    */
/* IBM PC.                                                                  */

/* It would be possible to check the variable insert, and if it's on, make  */
/* the cursor large, and if it's off, make the cursor small, but my primary */
/* goal is portability, not fancy add-ons                                   */

/* Pardon the lack of comments.  I'm a coder, not an author.  Besides, if   */
/* you can't understand this, DON'T USE IT! (Words to live by)              */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#undef min
#define min(x,y) (((x) <= (y)) ? (x) : (y))

#define NUL     0x00
#define ESC     0x1B
#define LEFT    0x4B
#define RIGHT   0x4D
#define HOME    0x47
#define END     0x4F
#define INSERT  0x52
#define DELETE  0x53
#define BACKSPC 0x08
#define ENTER   0x0D
#define CTLEND  0x75
#define CTLHOME 0x77
#define CTLRT   0x74
#define CTLLFT  0x73

/*
**  Password mode - '*' is echoed for all characters, only ESC, ENTER,
**  BACKSPC, and CTLHOME are active.
*/

int password_mode = 0;

/*
**  Aruments: 1) Buffer to receive string
**            2) Size of buffer
**            3) Default string
*/

int jgets(char *s, int maxlen, char *string)
{
      char temp[500];
      int insert = 1, done = 0, pos, len, i, j, c, zeroflag;

      if (NULL == string)
            string = "";

      if (0 != (pos = len = strlen(string)))
            strncpy(temp, string, min(len, maxlen));

      for (i = 0; i < maxlen; ++i)
      {
            if (NUL == *string)
                  putchar('_');
            else  putchar(*string++);
      }
      for (i = 0; i < (maxlen - len); ++i)
            putchar(BACKSPC);

      while (!done)
      {
            zeroflag = 0;
            if ((c = getch()) == 0)
            {
                  zeroflag = 1;
                  c = getch();
            }
            switch (c)
            {
            case ESC :
                  if (len == 0)
                        break;
                  if (pos != len)
                  {
                        for (i = pos; i < len; i++)
                              putch('_');
                        for (i = len; i >= 0; i--)
                        {
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                              putch('_');
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                        }
                        pos = len = 0;
                        break;
                  }

            case LEFT :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        if (pos == 0)
                              break;
                        pos--;
                        putch(BACKSPC);
                        break;
                  }

            case RIGHT :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        if (pos == len)
                              break;
                        if (pos != maxlen)
                        {
                              putch(temp[pos]);
                              pos++;
                        }
                        break;
                  }

            case HOME :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        while (pos-- > 0)
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                        pos = 0;
                        break;
                  }

            case END :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        while (pos < len)
                              putch(temp[pos++]);
                        break;
                  }

            case INSERT :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        insert = (!(insert));
                        break;
                  }

            case DELETE :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        if (pos == len)
                              break;
                        for (i = pos; i < len; i++)
                              temp[i] = temp[i + 1];
                        len--;
                        for (i = pos; i < len; i++)
                              putch(temp[i]);
                        putch('_');
                        for (i = len + 1; i > pos; i--)
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                        break;
                  }

            case BACKSPC :
                  if (c == BACKSPC)
                  {
                        if (pos == 0)
                              break;
                        if (pos != len)
                        {
                              for (i = pos - 1; i < len; i++)
                                    temp[i] = temp[i + 1];
                              pos--;
                              len--;
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                              for (i = pos; i < len; i++)
                                    putch(temp[i]);
                              putch('_');
                              for (i = len; i >= pos; i--)
                                    putch(BACKSPC);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                              putch('_');
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                              pos = --len;
                        }
                        break;
                  }

            case ENTER :
                  if (c == ENTER)
                  {
                        done = 1;
                        break;
                  }

            case CTLEND :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        for (i = pos; i < len; ++i)
                              putch('_');
                        for (i = pos; i < len; ++i)
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                        len = pos;
                        break;
                  }

            case CTLHOME :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (pos == 0)
                              break;
                        if (pos != len)
                        {
                              while (0 != pos)
                              {
                                    for (i = pos - 1; i < len; i++)
                                          temp[i] = temp[i + 1];
                                    pos--;
                                    len--;
                                    putch(BACKSPC);
                                    for (i = pos; i < len; i++)
                                          putch(temp[i]);
                                    putch('_');
                                    for (i = len; i >= pos; i--)
                                          putch(BACKSPC);
                              }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                              while (0 != pos)
                              {
                                    putch(BACKSPC);
                                    putch('_');
                                    putch(BACKSPC);
                                    pos = --len;
                              }
                        }
                        break;
                  }

            case CTLRT :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        do
                        {
                              if (pos == len)
                                    break;
                              if (pos != maxlen)
                              {
                                    putch(temp[pos]);
                                    pos++;
                              }
                        } while (isspace(temp[pos]));
                        do
                        {
                              if (pos == len)
                                    break;
                              if (pos != maxlen)
                              {
                                    putch(temp[pos]);
                                    pos++;
                              }
                        } while (!isspace(temp[pos]));
                        break;
                  }

            case CTLLFT :
                  if (zeroflag)
                  {
                        if (password_mode)
                              break;
                        do
                        {
                              if (pos == 0)
                                    break;
                              pos--;
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                        } while (isspace(temp[pos]));
                        do
                        {
                              if (pos == 0)
                                    break;
                              pos--;
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                        } while (!isspace(temp[pos]));
                        break;
                  }

            default :
                  if (zeroflag)
                        break;
                  if (c == 0 || pos == maxlen)
                        break;
                  if ((!(insert)) || pos == len)
                  {
                        temp[pos++] = (char)c;
                        if (pos > len) len++;
                        if (password_mode)
                              putch('*');
                        else  putch(c);
                  }
                  else
                  {
                        if (len == maxlen)
                              break;
                        for (i = len++; i >= pos; i--)
                              temp[i + 1] = temp[i];
                        temp[pos++] = (char)c;
                        if (password_mode)
                              putch('*');
                        else  putch(c);
                        for (i = pos; i < len; i++)
                              putch(temp[i]);
                        for (i = len; i > pos; i--)
                              putch(BACKSPC);
                  }
            }
      }
      temp[len] = '\0';
      strcpy(s, temp);
      return len;
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(void)
{
      char mystring[60];

      memset(mystring, 0, 60);
      fputs("Enter any string: ", stdout);
      jgets(mystring, 60, "This is a test");
      puts("");
      printf("editgets() returned:\n%s\n", mystring);

      password_mode = 1;
      memset(mystring, 0, 60);
      fputs("Enter any password: ", stdout);
      jgets(mystring, 50, NULL);
      puts("");
      printf("editgets() returned:\n%s\n", mystring);
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/windchil.c0000755000076400001440000000101307055334342016237 /*
**  Wind Chill for exposed human skin, expressed as a function of wind
**  speed in Miles per Hour and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
**
**  Public domain from numerous published references.
*/

#include 
 
double wind_chill(int wind_speed, int temp)
{
      if (4 > wind_speed)
            return (double)temp;
      else
      {
            return (((10.45 + (6.686112 * sqrt((double) wind_speed))
                  - (.447041 * wind_speed)) / 22.034 * (temp - 91.4)) + 91.4);
      }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/scaldate.c0000755000076400001440000000254007055334214016222 /*
** scalar date routines    --    public domain by Ray Gardner
** These will work over the range 1/01/01 thru 14699/12/31
*/

#include "scaldate.h"

int isleap (unsigned yr)
{
   return yr % 400 == 0 || (yr % 4 == 0 && yr % 100 != 0);
}

static unsigned months_to_days (unsigned month)
{
   return (month * 3057 - 3007) / 100;
}

static long years_to_days (unsigned yr)
{
   return yr * 365L + yr / 4 - yr / 100 + yr / 400;
}

long ymd_to_scalar (unsigned yr, unsigned mo, unsigned day)
{
   long scalar;
   scalar = day + months_to_days(mo);
   if ( mo > 2 )                         /* adjust if past February */
      scalar -= isleap(yr) ? 1 : 2;
   yr--;
   scalar += years_to_days(yr);
   return scalar;
}

void scalar_to_ymd (long scalar, unsigned *yr, unsigned *mo, unsigned *day)
{
   unsigned n;                /* compute inverse of years_to_days() */

   for ( n = (unsigned)((scalar * 400L) / 146097); years_to_days(n) < scalar;)
      n++;                          /* 146097 == years_to_days(400) */
   *yr = n;
   n = (unsigned)(scalar - years_to_days(n-1));
   if ( n > 59 ) {                       /* adjust if past February */
      n += 2;
      if ( isleap(*yr) )
         n -= n > 62 ? 1 : 2;
   }
   *mo = (n * 100 + 3007) / 3057;    /* inverse of months_to_days() */
   *day = n - months_to_days(*mo);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/scaldate.h0000755000076400001440000000144007055334214016225 /*
** scalar date routines    --    public domain by Ray Gardner
** These will work over the range 1/01/01 thru 14699/12/31
*/

/*
**  Define ISO to be 1 for ISO (Mon-Sun) calendars
**
**  ISO defines the first week with 4 or more days in it to be week #1.
*/

#ifndef ISO
 #define ISO 0
#endif

#if (ISO != 0 && ISO != 1)
 #error ISO must be set to either 0 or 1
#endif

int isleap (unsigned yr);
long ymd_to_scalar (unsigned yr, unsigned mo, unsigned day);
void scalar_to_ymd (long scalar, unsigned *yr, unsigned *mo, unsigned *day);
int dow(unsigned yr, unsigned mo, unsigned day);
int valiDate(unsigned yr, unsigned mo, unsigned day);
int dow(unsigned yr, unsigned mo, unsigned day);
int daynum(int year, int month, int day);
int weeknum(int year, int month, int day);
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dossort.c0000755000076400001440000000616707055333733016155 /*

    cl /AL sortit.c

===========================================================
   sort.c       7-31-91  Robert Mashlan

   This filter is almost compatible with the MS-DOS filter of the same name.

   This filter sorts each line of standard input, disregarding case,
   and sends it to standard output.

   optional parameters:  /R    Output in reverse order
                         /+n   Compare at column n, 1 based

   example usage:  sort < unsorted.txt > sorted.txt

   note: compile in a far data model for maximum capacity ( compact or large )

*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define MAXLINES 10000        /* maximum number of lines to sort */
#define MAXLINE  80           /* maximum line length             */

unsigned col     = 0;  /* column to start sort at ( zero based here ) */
int      reverse = 0;  /* reverse order flag                          */

/*
**  compare function for qsort
*/

int cmp( const void *a, const void *b)
{
      int result;
      const char *_a = *(const char **)a;
      const char *_b = *(const char **)b;

      /* compare at col if other than zero */

      if (col > 0)
      {
            if (strlen(_a) > col)
                  _a += col;
            else  _a = "";
            if (strlen(_b) > col)
                  _b += col;
            else  _b = "";
      }
      result = stricmp(_a,_b);
      return reverse ? -result : result;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      static char *lines[MAXLINES];
      int i, nlines=0, no_match;
      char buf[MAXLINE];

      /* scan for command line options */

      for(i=1;i
#ifdef TEST
 #include 
#endif

/*
**  Calling parameters: 1 - Number string to be converted
**                      2 - Buffer for the  converted output
**                      3 - Radix (base) of the input
**                      4 - Radix of the output
**
**  Returns: Pointer to converted output
*/

char *radix_convert(const char *in, char *out, int rin, int rout)
{
      long n;
      char *dummy;

      n = strtol(in, &dummy, rin);
      return ltoa(n, out, rout);
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int rin, rout;
      char buf[40];

      if (4 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: RDXCNVRT   ");
            return(-1);
      }
      rin  = atoi(argv[2]);
      rout = atoi(argv[3]);
      printf("%s (base %d) = %s (base %d)\n", argv[1], rin,
            radix_convert((const char *)argv[1], buf, rin, rout), rout);
      return 0;
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ferrorf.c0000755000076400001440000000125707055333756016125 /*  FERRORF.C
**  Prints error message with printf() formatting syntax, then a colon,
**  then a message corressponding to the value of errno, then a newline.
**  Output is to filehandle.
**
**  Public Domain by Mark R. Devlin, free usage is permitted.
*/
 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
 
int ferrorf(FILE *filehandle, const char *format, ...)
{
    int vfp, fp;
    va_list vargs;
 
    vfp = fp = 0;
    va_start(vargs, format);
    vfp = vfprintf(filehandle, format, vargs);
    va_end(vargs);
    fp = fprintf(filehandle, ": %s\n", sys_errlist[errno]);
    return ((vfp==EOF || fp==EOF) ? EOF : (vfp+fp));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/video.c0000755000076400001440000001362707055334320015556 /*------------------------------[ vhdw.c ]-----------------------------*/
/*                     Hardware Interface Routines                     */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* This code is a subset of a library copyrighted by Jeff Dunlop.      */
/* License is hereby granted for unrestricted use.                     */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* dv_info: get video and version info about DesqView                  */
/* get_rows: determine number of rows on screen                        */
/* get_cols: determine number of columns on screen                     */
/* get_vidpage: determine the current text mode video page             */
/* get_vidbase: determine the base of video ram                        */
/* is_dv: determine if DesqView is loaded                              */
/* is_egavga: determine if monitor is ega/vga                          */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*-----------------------[ include files ]----------------------*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include 

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void _far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

typedef struct
{
    int ver_major;
    int ver_minor;
    unsigned regen_buf;
    int win_rows;
    int win_cols;
} DV_INFO;

/*------------------------[ get_vidpage ]-----------------------*/
/* Determine the current text mode video page                   */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* local:                                                       */
/*      regs = register storage buffer                          */
/* return:                                                      */
/*      video page number as determined by bios call            */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

unsigned char get_vidpage(void)
{
    union REGS regs;

    regs.h.ah = 0x0f;
    int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
    return regs.h.bh;
}

/*---------------------------[ is_dv ]--------------------------*/
/*             Determine whether DesqView is active             */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

int is_dv(void)
{
    union REGS regs;

    regs.h.ah = 0x2b;
    regs.x.cx = 0x4445;         /* 'DE' */
    regs.x.dx = 0x5351;         /* 'SQ' */
    regs.h.al = 1;              /* get version */
    int86(0x21, ®s, ®s);

    return regs.h.al != 0xff;
}

/*--------------------------[ dv_info ]-------------------------*/
/*      Return screen and version info about DesqView           */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* return:                                                      */
/*      -1 on error                                             */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

int get_dvinfo(DV_INFO *dv_info)
{
    union REGS regs;

    regs.h.ah = 0x2b;
    regs.x.cx = 0x4445;         /* 'DE' */
    regs.x.dx = 0x5351;         /* 'SQ' */
    regs.h.al = 1;              /* get version */
    int86(0x21, ®s, ®s);

    if (regs.h.al == 0xff)
        return -1;
    dv_info->ver_major = regs.h.bh;
    dv_info->ver_minor = regs.h.bl;
    regs.h.al = 4;              /* get screen info */
    int86(0x21, ®s, ®s);

    if (regs.h.al == 0xff)
        return -1;
    dv_info->regen_buf = regs.x.dx;
    dv_info->win_rows = regs.h.bh;
    dv_info->win_cols = regs.h.bl;
    return 0;
}

/*------------------------[ get_vidbase ]-----------------------*/
/* Determine the base of video ram                              */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* local:                                                       */
/*      regs = register union for ISR                           */
/* return:                                                      */
/*      the current text base segment                           */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

unsigned get_vidbase(void)
{
    union REGS regs;
    DV_INFO dv_info;

    if (is_dv() && get_dvinfo(&dv_info) != -1)
        return dv_info.regen_buf;
    else
    {
        regs.h.ah = 0xf;
        int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);

        if (regs.h.al == 7)
            return 0xb000;
        else
            return 0xb800;
    }
}

/*-------------------------[ get_rows ]-------------------------*/
/*  Determine the number of rows in current text mode screen    */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

int is_egavga(void);

int get_rows(void)
{
    DV_INFO dv_info;
    char far *p = MK_FP(0x40, 0x84);

    if (is_dv() && get_dvinfo(&dv_info) != -1)
        return dv_info.win_rows;
    else
        return *p + is_egavga();
}

/*-------------------------[ get_cols ]-------------------------*/
/*  Determine the number of columns in current text screen      */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

int get_cols(void)
{
    DV_INFO dv_info;
    int far *p = MK_FP(0x40, 0x4a);

    if (is_dv() && get_dvinfo(&dv_info) != -1)
        return dv_info.win_cols;
    else
        return *p;
}

/*-------------------------[ is_egavga ]------------------------*/
/*      Determine whether the current text mode is ega/vga      */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

int is_egavga(void)
{
    union REGS regs;

    regs.h.ah = 0x1a;
    regs.h.al = 0;

    int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);

    return regs.h.al == 0x1a;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/printq.c0000755000076400001440000000266107055334151015763 /* printq.c 12-22-91 Robert Mashlan, Public Domain

   A small program that utilizes the prnspool module,
   which is an interface to the DOS program PRINT.COM

*/

#include "prnspool.h"
#include 
#include 

int main(int argc, char **argv )
{
      char far *files;
      int i;
      int addfiles = 1;

      if (!printspool_installed())
      {
            printf("print.com not installed\n");
            return 0;
      }
      for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
      {
            if (stricmp(argv[i],"/T") == 0)
                  printspool_cancel();    /* cancel all files in queue */
            else if (stricmp(argv[i],"/C") == 0)
                  addfiles = 0;           /* cancel all listed files */
            else if (stricmp(argv[i],"/P") == 0)
                  addfiles = 1;           /* add all listed files */
            else
            /* here the specified file should really have the full pathname */
            {
                  if (addfiles)
                        printspool_submit(argv[i]);
                  else  printspool_remove(argv[i]);
                  if (printspool_errno)
                        puts(printspool_errlist[printspool_errno]);
            }
      }
      printf("files currently in queue:\n");
      for (files = printspool_getqueue(); *files; files += 64)
            printf("\t%Fs\n", files);
      printspool_endhold();
      return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/vio.asm0000755000076400001440000002425207055334325015604 ;
; screen handling primitives
;
; by: jim nutt
;

.model large

.data

vseg    dw      0b000h
vmode   db      ?
x       dw      0
y       dw      0
color   db      07h
ofs     dw      0
xhite   db      8

; video information block

VIOinfo struc
	level   db      ?
		db      ?
		dw      ?
	flags   dw      ?
	mode    db      ?
		db      ?
	colors  dw      ?
	pixcol  dw      ?
	pixrow  dw      ?
	txtcol  dw      ?
	txtrow  dw      ?
VIOinfo ends

info    VIOinfo <0,0,14,1,0,0,2,0,0,80,25>

.code

public _VIOopen, _VIOclose, _VIOcolumns, _VIOrows, _VIOmode
public _VIOscrollright, _VIOscrollleft, _VIOscrollup, _VIOscrolldown
public _VIOclear, _VIOputc, _VIOputs, _VIOgetca, _VIOgetra, _VIOheight,
public _VIOsetfore, _VIOsetback, _VIOgetfore, _VIOgetback
public _VIOgotoxy, _VIOupdate, _VIOwherex, _VIOwherey, _VIOputr
public _VIOcursor, _VIOsegment, _VIOsetSegment, _VIOsetRows, _VIOsetCols

;int  _far _pascal VIOheight(void)

_VIOheight proc

	mov al, xhite;
	xor ah,ah;
	ret

_VIOheight endp

;int  _far _pascal VIOopen(void);

_VIOopen proc

	push ds

	mov ax,3000h            ; get dos version, v4 can do this from dos
	int 21h

	cmp al,4
	je odos4

	mov ax,0f00h            ; get screen mode and width
	int 10h

	mov vmode, al

	cmp al,7
	je mono

	xor al,al
	xchg al,ah
	mov info.txtcol,ax
	mov vseg,0b800h

	push di
	mov ax,0fe00h
	mov es,vseg
	mov di,0
	int 10h
	pop di
	mov vseg,es

	push bp                 ; how many rows
	mov ax,1130h
	mov bh,1h
	xor dx,dx
	int 10h
	pop bp

	cmp dl,0
	je cga

	mov xhite,cl
	inc dl
	xor dh,dh
	mov info.txtrow,dx

mono:   mov ax,0
	pop ds
	ret

odos4:  mov ax,440ch
	mov bx,0
	mov cx,037fh
	mov dx,offset info
	int 21h
	jnc l1
	pop ds
	ret

cga:    mov info.txtrow,25

l1:     mov ax,0
	pop ds
	ret

_VIOopen endp

;void _far _pascal VIOclose(void);

_VIOclose proc

	mov ax,3000h
	int 21h

	cmp al,4
	jne l2

	mov ax,440ch
	mov bx,0
	mov cx,035fh
	mov dx,offset info
	int 21h

l2:     ret

_VIOclose endp

;int  _far VIOcolumns(void);

_VIOcolumns proc

	mov ax,info.txtcol
	ret

_VIOcolumns endp

;int  _far VIOrows(void);

_VIOrows proc

	mov ax,info.txtrow
	ret

_VIOrows endp

;int  _far VIOmode(void);

_VIOmode proc

	mov al,vmode
	xor ah,ah
	ret

_VIOmode endp

;int  _far VIOwherex(void);

_VIOwherex proc

	mov ax,x
	ret

_VIOwherex endp

;int  _far VIOwherey(void);

_VIOwherey proc

	mov ax,y
	ret

_VIOwherey endp

;void _far VIOscrollright(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);

_VIOscrollright proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	pushf

	std

	push di
	push si

	mov ax,[bp+8]
	mov bx,[bp+12]
	sub bx,ax
	mov cx,info.txtcol
	mul cl
	mov dx,[bp+10]
	add dx,ax
	shl dx,1
	mov cx,[bp+10]
	sub cx,[bp+6]

	add bx,2
	mov [bp+6],cx
	mov [bp+8],bx

	mov es,vseg

sr1:    dec word ptr [bp+8]
	jz sr3
	mov bx,[bp+14]

	push ds
	mov ah,color
	mov al,20h

	push es
	pop ds

sr2:    mov di,dx
	mov si,di
	dec si
	dec si
	mov cx,[bp+6]
	rep movsw
	stosw
	dec bx
	jnz sr2

	pop ds
	mov ax,info.txtcol
	shl ax,1
	add dx,ax
	jmp sr1

sr3:    pop si
	pop di

	popf
	pop bp
	ret

_VIOscrollright endp

;void _far VIOscrollleft(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);

_VIOscrollleft proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	pushf

	push di
	push si

	mov ax,[bp+8]
	mov bx,[bp+12]
	sub bx,ax
	mov cx,info.txtcol
	mul cl
	mov dx,[bp+6]
	add dx,ax
	shl dx,1
	mov cx,[bp+10]
	sub cx,[bp+6]

	add bx,2
	mov [bp+6],cx
	mov [bp+8],bx

	mov es,vseg

sl1:    dec word ptr [bp+8]
	jz sl3
	mov bx,[bp+14]

	push ds
	mov ah,color
	mov al,20h

	push es
	pop ds

sl2:    mov di,dx
	mov si,di
	inc si
	inc si
	mov cx,[bp+6]
	rep movsw
	stosw
	dec bx
	jnz sl2

	pop ds
	mov ax,info.txtcol
	shl ax,1
	add dx,ax
	jmp sl1

sl3:    pop si
	pop di

	popf
	pop bp
	ret

_VIOscrollleft endp

;void _far VIOscrollup(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);

_VIOscrollup proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	push di
	push si

	mov es,vseg

	mov bx,[bp+6]
	mov ax,[bp+8]
	mov dx,info.txtcol
	mul dl
	add ax,bx
	shl ax,1
	shl dx,1

	push ax
	push ds
	push ax

	mov cx,[bp+10]
	sub cx,bx
	mov bx,cx

	mov ax,[bp+12]
	sub ax,[bp+8]
	mov [bp+12],ax

	push es
	pop ds
	inc word ptr [bp+14]

l9:     dec word ptr [bp+14]
	jz l11
	mov ax,[bp+12]

l10:    pop di
	mov si,di
	add si,dx
	push si
	mov cx,bx
	rep movsw
	dec ax
	jne l10

	pop di
	pop ds
	mov al,20h
	mov ah,color
	mov cx,bx
	rep stosw

	pop di
	push di
	push ds
	push di

	push es
	pop ds
	jmp l9

l11:    pop ax
	pop ds
	pop ax
	pop si
	pop di

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOscrollup endp

;void _far VIOscrolldown(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int count);

_VIOscrolldown proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	push di
	push si

	mov es,vseg

	mov bx,[bp+6]
	mov ax,[bp+12]
	mov dx,info.txtcol
	mul dl
	add ax,bx
	shl ax,1
	shl dx,1

	push ax
	push ds
	push ax

	mov cx,[bp+10]
	sub cx,bx
	mov bx,cx

	mov ax,[bp+12]
	sub ax,[bp+8]
	mov [bp+12],ax

	push es
	pop ds
	inc word ptr [bp+14]

l6:     dec word ptr [bp+14]
	jz l7
	mov ax,[bp+12]

l8:     pop di
	mov si,di
	sub si,dx
	push si
	mov cx,bx
	rep movsw
	dec ax
	jne l8

	pop di
	pop ds
	mov al,20h
	mov ah,color
	mov cx,bx
	rep stosw

	pop di
	push di
	push ds
	push di

	push es
	pop ds
	jmp l6

l7:     pop ax
	pop ds
	pop ax
	pop si
	pop di
	pop bp
	ret

_VIOscrolldown endp

;void _far VIOclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

_VIOclear proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	push di
	push si

	mov es,vseg

	mov ax,[bp+8]
	mov bx,[bp+6]
	mov cx,info.txtcol
	mul cl
	add ax,bx
	shl ax,1
	mov si,ax
	mov bx,[bp+10]
	sub bx,[bp+6]
	inc bx
	mov dx,[bp+12]
	sub dx,[bp+8]
	inc dx
	mov al,20h
	mov ah,color

l5:     mov di,si
	mov cx,bx
	rep stosw
	mov cx,info.txtcol
	shl cx,1
	add si,cx
	dec dx
	jne l5

	pop si
	pop di
	pop bp
	ret

_VIOclear endp

;void _far VIOputc(const char c);

_VIOputc proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	push di

	mov es,vseg
	mov di,ofs

	mov ax,[bp+6]
	mov ah,color

	stosw

	mov ofs,di
	pop di

	mov ax,x
	inc ax
	cmp ax,info.txtcol
	jge cwrap

	mov x,ax

	pop bp
	ret

cwrap:  inc y
	sub ax,info.txtcol
	mov x,ax

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOputc endp

;void _far VIOputs(const char far * s);

_VIOputs proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	push di
        push si
	push ds

	mov es,vseg
	mov di,ofs

	mov ah,color
	lds si,[bp+6]
	mov bx,x

l3:     lodsb
	cmp al,0
	je l4
	stosw
	inc bx

	jmp l3

l4:     mov ofs,di
	pop ds
        pop si
	pop di

	cmp bx,info.txtcol
	jge swrap

	mov x,bx

	pop bp
	ret

swrap:  inc y
	sub bx,info.txtcol
	mov x,bx

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOputs endp

;int  _far VIOgetca(const int x, const int y);

_VIOgetca proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	mov es,vseg
	mov ax,[bp+8]
	mov bx,[bp+6]
	mov cx,info.txtcol
	mul cl
	add ax,bx
	shl ax,1

	xchg ax,bx
	mov ax,es:[bx]

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOgetca endp

;int *_far VIOgetra(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int * b);

_VIOgetra proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	push di
	push si
	push ds

	mov ax,[bp+8]           ; y1
	mov bx,info.txtcol
	mul bl                  ; y1 * width of screen
	add ax,[bp+6]
	shl ax,1                ; x1 * 2
	shl bx,1                ; width * 2
	mov cx,[bp+10]
	sub cx,[bp+6]           ; x2 - x1
	mov dx,[bp+12]
	sub dx,[bp+8]           ; y2 - y1
	inc dx
	inc cx
	les di,[bp+14]
	mov ds,vseg
	push cx

gr1:    pop cx
	push cx
	mov si,ax
	rep movsw
	add ax,bx
	dec dx
	jnz gr1

	pop cx

	pop ds
	pop si
	pop di
	pop bp
	ret

_VIOgetra endp

;void _far VIOputr(int x, int y, int w, int h, int far * b);

_VIOputr proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	push ds
	push si
	push di

	mov ax,[bp+8]
	mov bx,info.txtcol
	mul bl                ; y * width
	add ax,[bp+6]
	shl ax,1
	shl bx,1

	mov es,vseg

	lds si,[bp+14]
	mov dx,[bp+10]

pr1:    mov cx,dx
	mov di,ax
	rep movsw
	add ax,bx
	dec word ptr [bp+12]
	jnz pr1

	pop di
	pop si
	pop ds

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOputr endp

;void _far VIOsetfore(const int c);

_VIOsetfore proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	mov bl,color
	and bx,00f0h
	mov ax,[bp+6]
	and ax,000fh
	or  ax,bx
	mov color,al

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOsetfore endp

;void _far VIOsetback(const int c);

_VIOsetback proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	mov bl,color
	and bx,000fh
	mov ax,[bp+6]
	and ax,000fh
	shl ax,1
	shl ax,1
	shl ax,1
	shl ax,1
	or  ax,bx
	mov color,al

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOsetback endp

;int  _far VIOgetfore(void);

_VIOgetfore proc

	mov al,color
	and ax,000fh
	ret

_VIOgetfore endp

;int  _far VIOgetback(void);

_VIOgetback proc

	mov al,color
	and ax,00f0h
	shr al,1
	shr al,1
	shr al,1
	shr al,1
	ret

_VIOgetback endp

;void _far VIOgotoxy(int x, int y);

_VIOgotoxy proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	mov bx,[bp + 6]
	mov ax,[bp + 8]

	mov x,bx
	mov y,ax

	mov cx,info.txtcol
	mul cl

	add ax,bx
	shl ax,1

	mov ofs,ax

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOgotoxy endp

;void _far VIOupdate(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

_VIOupdate proc

	mov ah,2
	mov bh,0
	mov cx,y
	mov dx,x
	mov dh,cl
	int 10h

	ret

_VIOupdate endp

;void _far VIOcursor(int _far * x, int _far * y, int _far * shape);

_VIOcursor proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp
	push ds

	mov ah,3
	mov bh,0
	int 10h

	mov al,dl
	cbw
	lds bx,[bp + 6]
	mov [bx],ax

	mov al,dh
	cbw
	lds bx,[bp + 10]
	mov [bx],ax

	lds bx,[bp + 14]
	mov [bx],cx

	pop ds
	pop bp
	ret

_VIOcursor endp

;unsigned int  _far VIOsegment(void);

_VIOsegment proc

	mov ax, vseg
	ret

_VIOsegment endp

;void _far VIOsetSegment(unsigned int s);

_VIOsetSegment proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	mov ax, [bp + 6]
	mov vseg,ax

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOsetSegment endp

;void _far VIOsetRows(int r);

_VIOsetRows proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	mov ax,[bp + 6]
	mov info.txtrow,ax

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOsetRows endp

;void _far VIOsetCols(int c);

_VIOsetCols proc

	push bp
	mov bp,sp

	mov ax,[bp + 6]
	mov info.txtcol, ax

	pop bp
	ret

_VIOsetCols endp

end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/truename.c0000755000076400001440000000411507055334312016261 /*
** Apologies for the grotty code; I only just whipped this up.
**
** tname.c -- wrapper for the undocumented DOS function TRUENAME
**
** TRUENAME: interrupt 0x21 function 0x60
**
**   Call with: ah    =  60h
**              es:di -> destination buffer
**              ds:si -> source buffer
**
**   Returns:   carry bit set if there were problems
**
** This code hereby contributed to the public domain.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define _far far
#endif

/*
** Strip leading and trailing blanks from a string.
*/

char _far *strip(char _far *s)
{
      char _far *end;

      for ( ; isspace(*s); s++)
            ;

      for (end = s; *end; end++)
            ;

      for (end--; isspace(*end); *end-- = '\0')
            ;

      return s;
}

/*
** Truename itself. Note that I'm using intdosx() rather than
** playing with some inline assembler -- I've discovered some
** people that actually don't have an assembler, poor bastards :-)
*/

char _far *truename(char _far *dst, char _far *src)
{
      union REGS rg;
      struct SREGS rs;

      if (!src || !*src || !dst)
            return NULL;

      src=strip(src);

      rg.h.ah=0x60;
      rg.x.si=FP_OFF(src);
      rg.x.di=FP_OFF(dst);
      rs.ds=FP_SEG(src);
      rs.es=FP_SEG(dst);

      intdosx(&rg,&rg,&rs);

      return (rg.x.cflag) ? NULL : dst;
}

#ifdef TEST

/*
** ... and a little test function.
*/

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char buf[128]="                             ", _far *s;
      int i;

      if (3 > _osmajor)
      {
            puts("Only works with DOS 3+");
            return -1;
      }
      if(argc > 1)
      {
            for(i = 1; i < argc; i++)
            {
                  s = truename((char _far *)buf,(char _far *)argv[i]);
                  printf("%s=%s\n",argv[i], s ? buf : "(null)");
            }
      }
      else  printf("Usage: TRUENAME [filename [filename...]]\n");

      return 0;
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/environ.txt0000755000076400001440000000751507055333745016536 Q. Why was only the DOS batch file and "Stuff-key-buffer method"
   (SETENVAR.C) included in the original SNIPPETS?


A. The reason that I only included the "batch&stuff" method in my SNIPPETS
   collection is simply that it's the *only* method you can rely on if your
   program is going to be distributed. Quite simply, there is *NO* safe,
   documented way under DOS to set an environment variable in the master
   environment block - period! By back-tracking PSPs or MCBs, you can try
   to locate the master environment and change it. You can also try to use
   Int 2Eh, the command processor's "back door". But all of these methods
   suffer from several shortcomings:

1)  Someone using the program might be using 4DOS, COMMAND PLUS, or some other
    COMMAND.COM replacement. These don't always do things the same way as
    COMMAND.COM and the diferences can cause you to crash, roll, & burn! For
    example, several COMMAND.COM replacements allow the master environment
    block to be located in extended, expanded, or high memory. In such a case,
    backtracking PSPs or MCBs is less than useless, they're guranteed to
    yield undefined errors.

2)  Int 2Eh seems to be the most universally supported, but cannot be used in
    a program invoked from a batch file. The book, "Undocumented DOS" details
    some procedures for making an Int 2Eh call safer but, again, these
    techniques rely on implementation features of COMMAND.COM which might not
    be available in alternate command processors.

3)  Even if everything else is safe, you still need a way of error trapping in
    case your new environment variable might overwrite the end of the
    available master envirnment block. This error trapping in inherent in
    COMMAND.COM and alternate command processors (one reason why using the
    Int 2Eh back door is potentially the safest way to try), but if you try to
    modify things manually, you're on your own. If you do overwrite the end of
    the master environment block, you'll have automatically corrupted your MCB
    chain and possibly set yourself up for some *really* nasty surprises!

4)  Finally, there's the very fundamental question of which environment block
    really is the master? Say you're in your comm program and hit the "shell
    to DOS" key. A secondary copy of the command processor, be it COMMAND.COM
    or whatever, is spawned and you're off and running. If you now run your
    program from this secondary DOS shell, is its environment block the master
    or is it the one from which you ran your comm program? Worse yet,
    depending on how you set up CONFIG.SYS, the secondary shell may have a
    considerably smaller environment block than the original. Despite having
    set the "/E:" switch, your secondary shell will likely only have an
    environment block whose size is equal to the current block size rounded
    up to the next paragraph boundry. If you trace PSPs, you'll find the
    secondary shell which you stand a good chance of over-running due to the
    difference in the block size. If you trace MCBs, you'll find the real
    master block, but then your changes will have disappered when you return
    to your comm program, defeating the purpose of your program in the first
    place. 

   The inability to alter a parent program's environment block isn't a DOS
   exclusive, BTW - it's an inheritance from Unix where the same limitation
   applies.

   Finally, SNIPPETS now includes several of these alternate unsafe ways of
   setting the master environment. INT2E.ASM & CCOMCALL.C together provide
   access to the DOS command processor back door, GLBL_ENV.C provides means
   for TC/TC++/BC++ and MSC/QC programmers to modify the master environment
   by backtracking PSP pointers, and MCB_ENV.C serves the same purpose only
   using the MCB tracking method.
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/permute1.c0000755000076400001440000000673607055334135016221 #include
#include

/*  chouse_n ( char *strng, int length) returns a pointer to a string of   */
/*  length characters chosen from "strng" , duplicate chars in "strng" are */
/*  significant.  Strings are generated in lexical order.                  */
/*  First call, call with *strng. each subsiquent call, call with NULL,    */
/*  returns one combination. Calls after all combinations have been        */
/*  returned return NULL.  Will return NULL for errors.                    */
/*  not very defensive (i.e. WILL BREAK)                                   */

/*  dave chapman aug '91  released to public domain                        */

char *chouse_n( char *strng, int length);

char *chouse_n( char *strng, int length)
{
      static char *str;
      static char *curr;
      static char *pos;       /* for each char in curr(ent string),
                                 its pos in str                            */
      static int  counts[256];
      int i,j;

      if (0 >= length)
            return NULL;

      if (NULL != strng)
      {
            str = malloc(strlen(strng)); /* first call, prep string for use */
            curr = malloc(2 * length + 1);
            pos = curr + length +1;

            for (i = 0; i < 256; counts[i++] = 0)
                  ;
            for (i = 0; strng[i]; i++)
                  counts[strng[i]]++;

            for (i = 1, j = 0; i < 256; i++)
            {
                  if (counts[i])
                  {
                        str[j] = i;
                        counts[j++] = counts[i];
                  }
            }
            str[j] = '\0';      /* str is string of distinct chars in order */
                                /* counts[] holds count of each char        */

            /* take first length chars */

            for (i = 0,j = 0; i < length; i++)
            {
                  curr[i] = str[j];
                  pos[i] = j;
                  if (!(--counts[j]))
                        j++;
            }
            curr[i] = '\0';
            return curr;
      }
      /* if called with "mississippi",5;
         str -> "imps"
         curr -> "iiiim"
         counts -> 0,0,2,4;
         pos -> 0,0,0,0,1;   */
      
      /* go back to front */

      for (j = length; j > 0;)
      {
            counts[ pos[--j]]++;                      /* "replace" char */

            /* look for a new char for curr posit. */

            for ( i = ++pos[j]; str[i] && ! counts[i]; i++)
			;
            if (0 != (curr[j] = str[i]))              /* found a char   */
            {
                  --counts[i];
                  pos[j] = i;

                  /* placed char, fill out rest of string  */

                  for (++j, i = 0; j < length; j++)
                  {
                        for ( ; !counts[i]; i++)
                              ;
                        curr[j] = str[i];       /* first available char */
                        --counts[i];
                        pos[j] = i;
                  }
                  return curr;
            }
            /* no more chars for this pos ; go back one */
      }
      /*  done */
      return NULL;
}

void main(void)
{
      char  *str = "aabbccdd";
      int i,j;

      j = 0;
      i =  5;
      puts(chouse_n( str, i));
      while (NULL != (str = chouse_n(NULL, i)))
      {
            ++j;
            printf(" %s  %d\n",str,j);
      }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/permute2.c0000755000076400001440000000341007055334135016204 /*
**  PERMUTE.C - prints all permutations of an input string
**
**  public domain demo by Jon Guthrie
*/

#include    
#include    
#include    

int     charcmp(char *, char *);

void    permute(char *, int, int);

int     main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int length;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: PERMUTE string");
            abort();
      }
      
      length = strlen(argv[1]);

      /* It only works if they're printed in order */

      qsort(argv[1], length, 1, (int(*)(const void *, const void *))charcmp);

      permute(argv[1], 0, length);
      return 0;
}


/*
**  This function prints all of the permutations of string "array"
**  (which has length "len") starting at "start."
*/

void    permute(char *array, int start, int len)
{
      int j;
      char    *s;

      if(start < len)
      {
            if(NULL == (s = malloc(len)))
            {
                  printf("\n\nMemory error!!!\a\a\n");
                  abort();
            }

            strcpy(s, array);
            for(j=start ; j
#ifdef TEST
 #include 
#endif

#define NUL '\0'

size_t commafmt(char   *buf,            /* Buffer for formatted string  */
                int     bufsize,        /* Size of buffer               */
                long    N)              /* Number to convert            */
{
        int len = 1, posn = 1, sign = 1;
        char *ptr = buf + bufsize - 1;

        if (2 > bufsize)
        {
ABORT:          *buf = NUL;
                return 0;
        }

        *ptr-- = NUL;
        --bufsize;
        if (0L > N)
        {
                sign = -1;
                N = -N;
        }

        for ( ; len <= bufsize; ++len, ++posn)
        {
                *ptr-- = (char)((N % 10L) + '0');
                if (0L == (N /= 10L))
                        break;
                if (0 == (posn % 3))
                {
                        *ptr-- = ',';
                        ++len;
                }
                if (len >= bufsize)
                        goto ABORT;
        }

        if (0 > sign)
        {
                if (0 == bufsize)
                        goto ABORT;
                *ptr-- = '-';
                ++len;
        }

        strcpy(buf, ++ptr);
        return (size_t)len;
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        size_t len;
        char buf[20];
        long N;

        N = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10);
        len = commafmt(buf, 20, N);
        printf("%s converts to %s and returned %d\n", argv[1], buf, len);
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mkdirs.c0000755000076400001440000000214307055334103015727 /*
**  MKDIRS.C - Function to build multi-level directories in a single call
**
**  Original Copyright 1993 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include 
#else
 #include 
#endif

int mkdirs(char *path)
{
      int retval;

      while (0 != (retval = mkdir(path)))
      {
            char subpath[FILENAME_MAX] = "", *delim;

            if (NULL == (delim = strrchr(path, '\\')))
                  return retval;
            strncat(subpath, path, delim - path);     /* Appends NUL    */
            mkdirs(subpath);
      }
      return retval;
}

#ifdef TEST

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: MKDIRS pathname [...pathname]");
            return -1;
      }
      while (--argc)
      {
            ++argv;
            printf("mkdirs(%s) returned %d\n", *argv, mkdirs(*argv));
      }
      return 0;
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/sunriset.c0000755000076400001440000005232107055334277016331 /*

SUNRISET.C - computes Sun rise/set times, start/end of twilight, and
             the length of the day at any date and latitude

Written as DAYLEN.C, 1989-08-16

Modified to SUNRISET.C, 1992-12-01

(c) Paul Schlyter, 1989, 1992

Released to the public domain by Paul Schlyter, December 1992

*/


#include 
#include 


/* A macro to compute the number of days elapsed since 2000 Jan 0.0 */
/* (which is equal to 1999 Dec 31, 0h UT)                           */

#define days_since_2000_Jan_0(y,m,d) \
    (367L*(y)-((7*((y)+(((m)+9)/12)))/4)+((275*(m))/9)+(d)-730530L)

/* Some conversion factors between radians and degrees */

#ifndef PI
 #define PI        3.1415926535897932384
#endif

#define RADEG     ( 180.0 / PI )
#define DEGRAD    ( PI / 180.0 )

/* The trigonometric functions in degrees */

#define sind(x)  sin((x)*DEGRAD)
#define cosd(x)  cos((x)*DEGRAD)
#define tand(x)  tan((x)*DEGRAD)

#define atand(x)    (RADEG*atan(x))
#define asind(x)    (RADEG*asin(x))
#define acosd(x)    (RADEG*acos(x))
#define atan2d(y,x) (RADEG*atan2(y,x))


/* Following are some macros around the "workhorse" function __daylen__ */
/* They mainly fill in the desired values for the reference altitude    */
/* below the horizon, and also selects whether this altitude should     */
/* refer to the Sun's center or its upper limb.                         */


/* This macro computes the length of the day, from sunrise to sunset. */
/* Sunrise/set is considered to occur when the Sun's upper limb is    */
/* 35 arc minutes below the horizon (this accounts for the refraction */
/* of the Earth's atmosphere).                                        */
#define day_length(year,month,day,lon,lat)  \
        __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -35.0/60.0, 1 )

/* This macro computes the length of the day, including civil twilight. */
/* Civil twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 6 degrees below  */
/* the horizon.                                                         */
#define day_civil_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat)  \
        __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -6.0, 0 )

/* This macro computes the length of the day, incl. nautical twilight.  */
/* Nautical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 12 degrees    */
/* below the horizon.                                                   */
#define day_nautical_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat)  \
        __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -12.0, 0 )

/* This macro computes the length of the day, incl. astronomical twilight. */
/* Astronomical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 18 degrees   */
/* below the horizon.                                                      */
#define day_astronomical_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat)  \
        __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -18.0, 0 )


/* This macro computes times for sunrise/sunset.                      */
/* Sunrise/set is considered to occur when the Sun's upper limb is    */
/* 35 arc minutes below the horizon (this accounts for the refraction */
/* of the Earth's atmosphere).                                        */
#define sun_rise_set(year,month,day,lon,lat,rise,set)  \
        __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -35.0/60.0, 1, rise, set )

/* This macro computes the start and end times of civil twilight.       */
/* Civil twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 6 degrees below  */
/* the horizon.                                                         */
#define civil_twilight(year,month,day,lon,lat,start,end)  \
        __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -6.0, 0, start, end )

/* This macro computes the start and end times of nautical twilight.    */
/* Nautical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 12 degrees    */
/* below the horizon.                                                   */
#define nautical_twilight(year,month,day,lon,lat,start,end)  \
        __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -12.0, 0, start, end )

/* This macro computes the start and end times of astronomical twilight.   */
/* Astronomical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 18 degrees   */
/* below the horizon.                                                      */
#define astronomical_twilight(year,month,day,lon,lat,start,end)  \
        __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -18.0, 0, start, end )


/* Function prototypes */

double __daylen__( int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat,
                   double altit, int upper_limb );

int __sunriset__( int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat,
                  double altit, int upper_limb, double *rise, double *set );

void sunpos( double d, double *lon, double *r );

void sun_RA_dec( double d, double *RA, double *dec, double *r );

double revolution( double x );

double rev180( double x );

double GMST0( double d );



/* A small test program */

void main(void)
{
      int year,month,day;
      double lon, lat;
      double daylen, civlen, nautlen, astrlen;
      double rise, set, civ_start, civ_end, naut_start, naut_end,
             astr_start, astr_end;
      int    rs, civ, naut, astr;

      printf( "Longitude (+ is east) and latitude (+ is north) : " );
      scanf( "%lf %lf", &lon, &lat );

      for(;;)
      {
            printf( "Input date ( yyyy mm dd ) (ctrl-C exits): " );
            scanf( "%d %d %d", &year, &month, &day );

            daylen  = day_length(year,month,day,lon,lat);
            civlen  = day_civil_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat);
            nautlen = day_nautical_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat);
            astrlen = day_astronomical_twilight_length(year,month,day,
                  lon,lat);

            printf( "Day length:                 %5.2f hours\n", daylen );
            printf( "With civil twilight         %5.2f hours\n", civlen );
            printf( "With nautical twilight      %5.2f hours\n", nautlen );
            printf( "With astronomical twilight  %5.2f hours\n", astrlen );
            printf( "Length of twilight: civil   %5.2f hours\n",
                  (civlen-daylen)/2.0);
            printf( "                  nautical  %5.2f hours\n",
                  (nautlen-daylen)/2.0);
            printf( "              astronomical  %5.2f hours\n",
                  (astrlen-daylen)/2.0);

            rs   = sun_rise_set         ( year, month, day, lon, lat,
                                          &rise, &set );
            civ  = civil_twilight       ( year, month, day, lon, lat,
                                          &civ_start, &civ_end );
            naut = nautical_twilight    ( year, month, day, lon, lat,
                                          &naut_start, &naut_end );
            astr = astronomical_twilight( year, month, day, lon, lat,
                                          &astr_start, &astr_end );

            printf( "Sun at south %5.2fh UT\n", (rise+set)/2.0 );

            switch( rs )
            {
                case 0:
                    printf( "Sun rises %5.2fh UT, sets %5.2fh UT\n",
                             rise, set );
                    break;
                case +1:
                    printf( "Sun above horizon\n" );
                    break;
                case -1:
                    printf( "Sun below horizon\n" );
                    break;
            }

            switch( civ )
            {
                case 0:
                    printf( "Civil twilight starts %5.2fh, "
                            "ends %5.2fh UT\n", civ_start, civ_end );
                    break;
                case +1:
                    printf( "Never darker than civil twilight\n" );
                    break;
                case -1:
                    printf( "Never as bright as civil twilight\n" );
                    break;
            }

            switch( naut )
            {
                case 0:
                    printf( "Nautical twilight starts %5.2fh, "
                            "ends %5.2fh UT\n", naut_start, naut_end );
                    break;
                case +1:
                    printf( "Never darker than nautical twilight\n" );
                    break;
                case -1:
                    printf( "Never as bright as nautical twilight\n" );
                    break;
            }

            switch( astr )
            {
                case 0:
                    printf( "Astronomical twilight starts %5.2fh, "
                            "ends %5.2fh UT\n", astr_start, astr_end );
                    break;
                case +1:
                    printf( "Never darker than astronomical twilight\n" );
                    break;
                case -1:
                    printf( "Never as bright as astronomical twilight\n" );
                    break;
            }

      }
}


/* The "workhorse" function for sun rise/set times */

int __sunriset__( int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat,
                  double altit, int upper_limb, double *trise, double *tset )
/***************************************************************************/
/* Note: year,month,date = calendar date, 1801-2099 only.             */
/*       Eastern longitude positive, Western longitude negative       */
/*       Northern latitude positive, Southern latitude negative       */
/*       The longitude value IS critical in this function!            */
/*       altit = the altitude which the Sun should cross              */
/*               Set to -35/60 degrees for rise/set, -6 degrees       */
/*               for civil, -12 degrees for nautical and -18          */
/*               degrees for astronomical twilight.                   */
/*         upper_limb: non-zero -> upper limb, zero -> center         */
/*               Set to non-zero (e.g. 1) when computing rise/set     */
/*               times, and to zero when computing start/end of       */
/*               twilight.                                            */
/*        *rise = where to store the rise time                        */
/*        *set  = where to store the set  time                        */
/*                Both times are relative to the specified altitude,  */
/*                and thus this function can be used to comupte       */
/*                various twilight times, as well as rise/set times   */
/* Return value:  0 = sun rises/sets this day, times stored at        */
/*                    *trise and *tset.                               */
/*               +1 = sun above the specified "horizon" 24 hours.     */
/*                    *trise set to time when the sun is at south,    */
/*                    minus 12 hours while *tset is set to the south  */
/*                    time plus 12 hours. "Day" length = 24 hours     */
/*               -1 = sun is below the specified "horizon" 24 hours   */
/*                    "Day" length = 0 hours, *trise and *tset are    */
/*                    both set to the time when the sun is at south.  */
/*                                                                    */
/**********************************************************************/
{
      double  d,  /* Days since 2000 Jan 0.0 (negative before) */
      sr,         /* Solar distance, astronomical units */
      sRA,        /* Sun's Right Ascension */
      sdec,       /* Sun's declination */
      sradius,    /* Sun's apparent radius */
      t,          /* Diurnal arc */
      tsouth,     /* Time when Sun is at south */
      sidtime;    /* Local sidereal time */

      int rc = 0; /* Return cde from function - usually 0 */

      /* Compute d of 12h local mean solar time */
      d = days_since_2000_Jan_0(year,month,day) + 0.5 - lon/360.0;

      /* Compute local sideral time of this moment */
      sidtime = revolution( GMST0(d) + 180.0 + lon );

      /* Compute Sun's RA + Decl at this moment */
      sun_RA_dec( d, &sRA, &sdec, &sr );

      /* Compute time when Sun is at south - in hours UT */
      tsouth = 12.0 - rev180(sidtime - sRA)/15.0;

      /* Compute the Sun's apparent radius, degrees */
      sradius = 0.2666 / sr;

      /* Do correction to upper limb, if necessary */
      if ( upper_limb )
            altit -= sradius;

      /* Compute the diurnal arc that the Sun traverses to reach */
      /* the specified altitide altit: */
      {
            double cost;
            cost = ( sind(altit) - sind(lat) * sind(sdec) ) /
                  ( cosd(lat) * cosd(sdec) );
            if ( cost >= 1.0 )
                  rc = -1, t = 0.0;       /* Sun always below altit */
            else if ( cost <= -1.0 )
                  rc = +1, t = 12.0;      /* Sun always above altit */
            else
                  t = acosd(cost)/15.0;   /* The diurnal arc, hours */
      }

      /* Store rise and set times - in hours UT */
      *trise = tsouth - t;
      *tset  = tsouth + t;

      return rc;
}  /* __sunriset__ */



/* The "workhorse" function */


double __daylen__( int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat,
                   double altit, int upper_limb )
/**********************************************************************/
/* Note: year,month,date = calendar date, 1801-2099 only.             */
/*       Eastern longitude positive, Western longitude negative       */
/*       Northern latitude positive, Southern latitude negative       */
/*       The longitude value is not critical. Set it to the correct   */
/*       longitude if you're picky, otherwise set to to, say, 0.0     */
/*       The latitude however IS critical - be sure to get it correct */
/*       altit = the altitude which the Sun should cross              */
/*               Set to -35/60 degrees for rise/set, -6 degrees       */
/*               for civil, -12 degrees for nautical and -18          */
/*               degrees for astronomical twilight.                   */
/*         upper_limb: non-zero -> upper limb, zero -> center         */
/*               Set to non-zero (e.g. 1) when computing day length   */
/*               and to zero when computing day+twilight length.      */
/**********************************************************************/
{
      double  d,  /* Days since 2000 Jan 0.0 (negative before) */
      obl_ecl,    /* Obliquity (inclination) of Earth's axis */
      sr,         /* Solar distance, astronomical units */
      slon,       /* True solar longitude */
      sin_sdecl,  /* Sine of Sun's declination */
      cos_sdecl,  /* Cosine of Sun's declination */
      sradius,    /* Sun's apparent radius */
      t;          /* Diurnal arc */

      /* Compute d of 12h local mean solar time */
      d = days_since_2000_Jan_0(year,month,day) + 0.5 - lon/360.0;

      /* Compute obliquity of ecliptic (inclination of Earth's axis) */
      obl_ecl = 23.4393 - 3.563E-7 * d;

      /* Compute Sun's position */
      sunpos( d, &slon, &sr );

      /* Compute sine and cosine of Sun's declination */
      sin_sdecl = sind(obl_ecl) * sind(slon);
      cos_sdecl = sqrt( 1.0 - sin_sdecl * sin_sdecl );

      /* Compute the Sun's apparent radius, degrees */
      sradius = 0.2666 / sr;

      /* Do correction to upper limb, if necessary */
      if ( upper_limb )
            altit -= sradius;

      /* Compute the diurnal arc that the Sun traverses to reach */
      /* the specified altitide altit: */
      {
            double cost;
            cost = ( sind(altit) - sind(lat) * sin_sdecl ) /
                  ( cosd(lat) * cos_sdecl );
            if ( cost >= 1.0 )
                  t = 0.0;                      /* Sun always below altit */
            else if ( cost <= -1.0 )
                  t = 24.0;                     /* Sun always above altit */
            else  t = (2.0/15.0) * acosd(cost); /* The diurnal arc, hours */
      }
      return t;
}  /* __daylen__ */


/* This function computes the Sun's position at any instant */

void sunpos( double d, double *lon, double *r )
/******************************************************/
/* Computes the Sun's ecliptic longitude and distance */
/* at an instant given in d, number of days since     */
/* 2000 Jan 0.0.  The Sun's ecliptic latitude is not  */
/* computed, since it's always very near 0.           */
/******************************************************/
{
      double M,         /* Mean anomaly of the Sun */
             w,         /* Mean longitude of perihelion */
                        /* Note: Sun's mean longitude = M + w */
             e,         /* Eccentricity of Earth's orbit */
             E,         /* Eccentric anomaly */
             x, y,      /* x, y coordinates in orbit */
             v;         /* True anomaly */

      /* Compute mean elements */
      M = revolution( 356.0470 + 0.9856002585 * d );
      w = 282.9404 + 4.70935E-5 * d;
      e = 0.016709 - 1.151E-9 * d;

      /* Compute true longitude and radius vector */
      E = M + e * RADEG * sind(M) * ( 1.0 + e * cosd(M) );
            x = cosd(E) - e;
      y = sqrt( 1.0 - e*e ) * sind(E);
      *r = sqrt( x*x + y*y );              /* Solar distance */
      v = atan2d( y, x );                  /* True anomaly */
      *lon = v + w;                        /* True solar longitude */
      if ( *lon >= 360.0 )
            *lon -= 360.0;                   /* Make it 0..360 degrees */
}

void sun_RA_dec( double d, double *RA, double *dec, double *r )
{
      double lon, obl_ecl, x, y, z;

      /* Compute Sun's ecliptical coordinates */
      sunpos( d, &lon, r );

      /* Compute ecliptic rectangular coordinates (z=0) */
      x = *r * cosd(lon);
      y = *r * sind(lon);

      /* Compute obliquity of ecliptic (inclination of Earth's axis) */
      obl_ecl = 23.4393 - 3.563E-7 * d;

      /* Convert to equatorial rectangular coordinates - x is uchanged */
      z = y * sind(obl_ecl);
      y = y * cosd(obl_ecl);

      /* Convert to spherical coordinates */
      *RA = atan2d( y, x );
      *dec = atan2d( z, sqrt(x*x + y*y) );

}  /* sun_RA_dec */


/******************************************************************/
/* This function reduces any angle to within the first revolution */
/* by subtracting or adding even multiples of 360.0 until the     */
/* result is >= 0.0 and < 360.0                                   */
/******************************************************************/

#define INV360    ( 1.0 / 360.0 )

double revolution( double x )
/*****************************************/
/* Reduce angle to within 0..360 degrees */
/*****************************************/
{
      return( x - 360.0 * floor( x * INV360 ) );
}  /* revolution */

double rev180( double x )
/*********************************************/
/* Reduce angle to within +180..+180 degrees */
/*********************************************/
{
      return( x - 360.0 * floor( x * INV360 + 0.5 ) );
}  /* revolution */


/*******************************************************************/
/* This function computes GMST0, the Greenwhich Mean Sidereal Time */
/* at 0h UT (i.e. the sidereal time at the Greenwhich meridian at  */
/* 0h UT).  GMST is then the sidereal time at Greenwich at any     */
/* time of the day.  I've generelized GMST0 as well, and define it */
/* as:  GMST0 = GMST - UT  --  this allows GMST0 to be computed at */
/* other times than 0h UT as well.  While this sounds somewhat     */
/* contradictory, it is very practical:  instead of computing      */
/* GMST like:                                                      */
/*                                                                 */
/*  GMST = (GMST0) + UT * (366.2422/365.2422)                      */
/*                                                                 */
/* where (GMST0) is the GMST last time UT was 0 hours, one simply  */
/* computes:                                                       */
/*                                                                 */
/*  GMST = GMST0 + UT                                              */
/*                                                                 */
/* where GMST0 is the GMST "at 0h UT" but at the current moment!   */
/* Defined in this way, GMST0 will increase with about 4 min a     */
/* day.  It also happens that GMST0 (in degrees, 1 hr = 15 degr)   */
/* is equal to the Sun's mean longitude plus/minus 180 degrees!    */
/* (if we neglect aberration, which amounts to 20 seconds of arc   */
/* or 1.33 seconds of time)                                        */
/*                                                                 */
/*******************************************************************/

double GMST0( double d )
{
      double sidtim0;
      /* Sidtime at 0h UT = L (Sun's mean longitude) + 180.0 degr  */
      /* L = M + w, as defined in sunpos().  Since I'm too lazy to */
      /* add these numbers, I'll let the C compiler do it for me.  */
      /* Any decent C compiler will add the constants at compile   */
      /* time, imposing no runtime or code overhead.               */
      sidtim0 = revolution( ( 180.0 + 356.0470 + 282.9404 ) +
                          ( 0.9856002585 + 4.70935E-5 ) * d );
      return sidtim0;
}  /* GMST0 */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/calsupp.c0000755000076400001440000000264007055333670016117 /* calsupp.c -- public domain by Ray McVay */

/*  This module provides three handy date related functions:
**       dow() - Returns the day of the week for a given date
**       IsLeap() - Returns 1 if a year is a leap year
**       GetToday() - Returns today's date from the operating system
*/

#include 

/*
** Returns an integer that represents the day of the week for
**  the date passed as parameters.
**
**   day:    day of month
**   mon:    month (1-12)
**   yr:     year
**
**  returns 0-6 where 0 == sunday
*/

int dow(int day, int mon, int yr)
{
      int dow;

      if (mon <= 2)
      {
            mon += 12;
            yr -= 1;
      }
      dow = (day + mon * 2 + ((mon + 1) * 6) / 10 +
            yr + yr / 4 - yr / 100 + yr / 400 + 2);
      dow = dow % 7;
      return ((dow ? dow : 7) - 1);
}


/*
**  Returns 1 if yr is a leap year, 0 if it is not
*/

int IsLeap(int yr)
{
      if (yr % 400 == 0)  return 1;
      if (yr % 100 == 0)  return 0;
      if (yr % 4 == 0)    return 1;
      else                return 0;
}


/*
**  Returns the current day, month and year in the referenced variables
*/

void GetToday(int *day, int *mon, int *yr)
{
      struct tm   today;
      time_t  ctime;

      time(&ctime);
      today = *localtime(&ctime);
      *day = today.tm_mday;
      *mon = today.tm_mon + 1;
      *yr = today.tm_year + 1900;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/crc_32.c0000755000076400001440000002105607055333714015524 /* Crc - 32 BIT ANSI X3.66 CRC checksum files */

#include 
#define OK 0
#define ERROR (-1)

/**********************************************************************\
|* Demonstration program to compute the 32-bit CRC used as the frame  *|
|* check sequence in ADCCP (ANSI X3.66, also known as FIPS PUB 71     *|
|* and FED-STD-1003, the U.S. versions of CCITT's X.25 link-level     *|
|* protocol).  The 32-bit FCS was added via the Federal Register,     *|
|* 1 June 1982, p.23798.  I presume but don't know for certain that   *|
|* this polynomial is or will be included in CCITT V.41, which        *|
|* defines the 16-bit CRC (often called CRC-CCITT) polynomial.  FIPS  *|
|* PUB 78 says that the 32-bit FCS reduces otherwise undetected       *|
|* errors by a factor of 10^-5 over 16-bit FCS.                       *|
\**********************************************************************/

/* Need an unsigned type capable of holding 32 bits; */

typedef unsigned long int UNS_32_BITS;

/* Copyright (C) 1986 Gary S. Brown.  You may use this program, or
   code or tables extracted from it, as desired without restriction.*/

/* First, the polynomial itself and its table of feedback terms.  The  */
/* polynomial is                                                       */
/* X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X^1+X^0 */
/* Note that we take it "backwards" and put the highest-order term in  */
/* the lowest-order bit.  The X^32 term is "implied"; the LSB is the   */
/* X^31 term, etc.  The X^0 term (usually shown as "+1") results in    */
/* the MSB being 1.                                                    */

/* Note that the usual hardware shift register implementation, which   */
/* is what we're using (we're merely optimizing it by doing eight-bit  */
/* chunks at a time) shifts bits into the lowest-order term.  In our   */
/* implementation, that means shifting towards the right.  Why do we   */
/* do it this way?  Because the calculated CRC must be transmitted in  */
/* order from highest-order term to lowest-order term.  UARTs transmit */
/* characters in order from LSB to MSB.  By storing the CRC this way,  */
/* we hand it to the UART in the order low-byte to high-byte; the UART */
/* sends each low-bit to hight-bit; and the result is transmission bit */
/* by bit from highest- to lowest-order term without requiring any bit */
/* shuffling on our part.  Reception works similarly.                  */

/* The feedback terms table consists of 256, 32-bit entries.  Notes:   */
/*                                                                     */
/*  1. The table can be generated at runtime if desired; code to do so */
/*     is shown later.  It might not be obvious, but the feedback      */
/*     terms simply represent the results of eight shift/xor opera-    */
/*     tions for all combinations of data and CRC register values.     */
/*                                                                     */
/*  2. The CRC accumulation logic is the same for all CRC polynomials, */
/*     be they sixteen or thirty-two bits wide.  You simply choose the */
/*     appropriate table.  Alternatively, because the table can be     */
/*     generated at runtime, you can start by generating the table for */
/*     the polynomial in question and use exactly the same "updcrc",   */
/*     if your application needn't simultaneously handle two CRC       */
/*     polynomials.  (Note, however, that XMODEM is strange.)          */
/*                                                                     */
/*  3. For 16-bit CRCs, the table entries need be only 16 bits wide;   */
/*     of course, 32-bit entries work OK if the high 16 bits are zero. */
/*                                                                     */
/*  4. The values must be right-shifted by eight bits by the "updcrc"  */
/*     logic; the shift must be unsigned (bring in zeroes).  On some   */
/*     hardware you could probably optimize the shift in assembler by  */
/*     using byte-swap instructions.                                   */

static UNS_32_BITS crc_32_tab[] = { /* CRC polynomial 0xedb88320 */
0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f,
0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2,
0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c,
0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423,
0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106,
0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d,
0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7,
0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa,
0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81,
0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84,
0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e,
0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55,
0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28,
0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f,
0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69,
0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc,
0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693,
0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
};

#define UPDC32(octet, crc) (crc_32_tab[((crc)\
     ^ (octet)) & 0xff] ^ ((crc) >> 8))

main(int argc, char *argp[])
{
      register errors = 0;

      while(--argc > 0)
            errors |= crc32file( *++argp);
      return(errors != 0);
}

crc32file(char *name)
{
      register FILE *fin;
      register unsigned long oldcrc32;
      register unsigned long crc32;
      register unsigned long oldcrc;
      register c;
      register long charcnt;

      oldcrc32 = 0xFFFFFFFF; charcnt = 0;
#ifdef MSDOS
      if ((fin=fopen(name, "rb"))==NULL)
#else
      if ((fin=fopen(name, "r"))==NULL)
#endif
      {
            perror(name);
            return ERROR;
      }
      while ((c=getc(fin))!=EOF)
      {
            ++charcnt;
            oldcrc32 = UPDC32(c, oldcrc32);
      }

      if (ferror(fin))
      {
            perror(name);
            charcnt = -1;
      }
      fclose(fin);

      crc32 = oldcrc32;  oldcrc = oldcrc32 = ~oldcrc32;

/**/
      crc32 = UPDC32((oldcrc32 & 0377), crc32);  oldcrc32 >>=8;
      crc32 = UPDC32((oldcrc32 & 0377), crc32);  oldcrc32 >>=8;
      crc32 = UPDC32((oldcrc32 & 0377), crc32);  oldcrc32 >>=8;
      crc32 = UPDC32((oldcrc32 & 0377), crc32);  oldcrc32 >>=8;
      printf("%08lX ", crc32);
/**/

      printf("%08lX %7ld %s\n", oldcrc, charcnt, name);

      return OK;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/tasker.c0000755000076400001440000000521707055334302015735 /*
**  Tasker.C
**
**  public domain by David Gibbs
*/

struct ts_os_ver t_os_ver[TOT_OS];
int t_os_type;
int t_os;

const char *t_os_name[TOT_OS] = {
      "DOS",
      "OS/2 DOS",
      "DESQview",
      "Windows Std",
      "Windows 386"
      };

int get_os (void)
{
      union REGS t_regs;

      t_os_type = 0;
      t_os = 0;

      /* test for DOS or OS/2 */

      if (_osmajor < 10)
      {
            t_os_ver[DOS].maj = _osmajor;
            t_os_ver[DOS].min = _osminor;
            t_os_type = t_os_type | is_DOS;
      }
      else
      {
            t_os_type = t_os_type | is_OS2;
            t_os_ver[OS2].maj = _osmajor/10;
            t_os_ver[OS2].min = _osminor;
      }

      /* test for Windows */

      t_regs.x.ax = 0x4680;
      int86(0x2F, &t_regs, &t_regs);

      if (t_regs.x.ax == 0x0000)
      {
            t_os_ver[WINS].maj = 3;
            t_os_ver[WINS].min = 0;
            t_os_type = t_os_type | is_WINS;
      }
      else
      {
            t_regs.x.ax = 0x1600 ;
            int86(0x2F, &t_regs, &t_regs);

            switch (t_regs.h.al)
            {
            case 0x00 :
            case 0x80 :
            case 0x01 :
            case 0xFF :
                  break;

            default   :
                  t_os_type = t_os_type | is_WIN3;
                  t_os_ver[WIN3].maj = t_regs.h.al;
                  t_os_ver[WIN3].min = t_regs.h.ah;
                  break ;
            }  /* endswitch  */
      } /* endif */

      /* Test for DESQview */

      t_regs.x.cx = 0x4445;     /* load incorrect date */
      t_regs.x.dx = 0x5351;
      t_regs.x.ax = 0x2B01;     /*  DV set up call     */

      intdos(&t_regs, &t_regs);
      if (t_regs.h.al != 0xFF)
      {
            t_os_type = t_os_type | is_DV;
            t_os_ver[DV].maj = t_regs.h.bh;
            t_os_ver[DV].min = t_regs.h.bl;
      }

      if(t_os_type & is_DOS)
            t_os = DOS;

      if(t_os_type & is_WINS)
            t_os = WINS;

      if(t_os_type & is_WIN3)
            t_os = WIN3;

      if(t_os_type & is_DV)
            t_os = DV;

      if(t_os_type & is_OS2)
            t_os = OS2;

      return(t_os-1);

}

void t_slice(void)
{
      union REGS t_regs;
    
      switch (t_os)
      {
      case DOS  :
            break;

      case OS2  :
      case WIN3 :
      case WINS :
            t_regs.x.ax = 0x1680;
            int86(0x2f,&t_regs,&t_regs);
            break;

      case DV   :
            t_regs.x.ax = 0x1000;
            int86(0x15,&t_regs,&t_regs);
            break;
      } /* switch(t_os) */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/tasker.h0000755000076400001440000000136607055334302015743 /*
**  Tasker.H
**
**  public domain by David Gibbs
*/

#ifndef DG_TASKER
#define DG_TASKER

struct ts_os_ver {
      int maj;
      int min;
};

#define TOT_OS  5

#define DOS     0
#define OS2     1
#define DV      2
#define WINS    3
#define WIN3    4

                        /*   76543210  */
#define is_DOS  0x01    /* b'00000001' */
#define is_OS2  0x02    /* b'00000010' */
#define is_DV   0x04    /* b'00000100' */
#define is_WINS 0x08    /* b'00001000' */
#define is_WIN3 0x10    /* b'00010000' */


extern int t_os_type;
extern int t_os;

extern const char *t_os_name[TOT_OS];

extern struct ts_os_ver t_os_ver[TOT_OS];


/* Function prototypes */

int get_os();
void t_slice();

#endif /* DG_TASKER */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ptr_help.txt0000755000076400001440000012344707055334170016667            UNDERSTANDING POINTERS (for beginners)
                      by  Ted Jensen
                       Version 0.0
      This material is hereby placed in the public domain.
                     September 5, 1993

                     TABLE OF CONTENTS

    INTRODUCTION;

    CHAPTER 1: What is a pointer?

    CHAPTER 2: Pointer types and Arrays

    CHAPTER 3: Pointers and Strings

    CHAPTER 4: More on Strings

    CHAPTER 5: Pointers and Structures

    CHAPTER 6: Some more on Strings, and Arrays of Strings

    EPILOG:

==================================================================

INTRODUCTION:

    Over a period of several years of monitoring various
telecommunication conferences on C I have noticed that one of the
most difficult problems for beginners was the understanding of
pointers.  After writing dozens of short messages in attempts to
clear up various fuzzy aspects of dealing with pointers, I set up
a series of messages arranged in "chapters" which I could draw
from or email to various individuals who appeared to need help in
this area.

    Recently, I posted all of this material in the FidoNet CECHO
conference.  It received such a good acceptance, I decided to
clean it up a little and submit it for inclusion in Bob Stout's
SNIPPETS file.

    It is my hope that I can find the time to expand on this text
in the future.  To that end, I am hoping that those who read this
and find where it is lacking, or in error, or unclear, would
notify me of same so the next version, should there be one, I can
correct these deficiencys.

    It is impossible to acknowledge all those whose messages on
pointers in various nets contributed to my knowledge in this
area.  So, I will just say Thanks to All.

    I frequent the CECHO on FidoNet via RBBSNet and can be
contacted via the echo itself or by email at:

     RBBSNet address 8:916/1.

I can also be reached via

Internet email at ted.jensen@spacebbs.com

Or     Ted Jensen
       P.O. Box 324
       Redwood City, CA 94064

==================================================================
CHAPTER 1: What is a pointer?

    One of the things beginners in C find most difficult to
understand is the concept of pointers.  The purpose of this
document is to provide an introduction to pointers and their use
to these beginners.

    I have found that often the main reason beginners have a
problem with pointers is that they have a weak or minimal feeling
for variables, (as they are used in C).  Thus we start with a
discussion of C variables in general.

    A variable in a program is something with a name, the value
of which can vary.  The way the compiler and linker handles this
is that it assigns a specific block of memory within the computer
to hold the value of that variable.  The size of that block
depends on the range over which the variable is allowed to vary.
For example, on PC's the size of an integer variable is 2 bytes,
and that of a long integer is 4 bytes.  In C the size of a
variable type such as an integer need not be the same on all
types of machines.

    When we declare a variable we inform the compiler of two
things, the name of the variable and the type of the variable.
For example, we declare a variable of type integer with the name
k by writing:

    int k;

    On seeing the "int" part of this statement the compiler sets
aside 2 bytes (on a PC) of memory to hold the value of the
integer.  It also sets up a symbol table. And in that table it
adds the symbol k and the address in memory where those 2 bytes
were set aside.

    Thus, later if we write:

    k = 2;

at run time we expect that the value 2 will be placed in that
memory location reserved for the storage of the value of k.

    In a sense there are two "values" associated with k, one
being the value of the integer stored there (2 in the above
example) and the other being the "value" of the memory location
where it is stored, i.e. the address of k.  Some texts refer to
these two values with the nomenclature rvalue (right value,
pronounced "are value") and lvalue (left value, pronunced "el
value") respectively.

    The lvalue is the value permitted on the left side of the
assignment operator '=' (i.e. the address where the result of
evaluation of the right side ends up).  The rvalue is that which
is on the right side of the assignment statment, the '2' above.
Note that rvalues cannot be used on the left side of the
assignment statement.  Thus:    2 = k;   is illegal.

    Okay, now consider:

    int j, k;
    k = 2;
    j = 7;    <-- line 1
    k = j;    <-- line 2

    In the above, the compiler interprets the j in line 1 as the
address of the variable j (its lvalue) and creates code to copy
the value 7 to that address.  In line 2, however, the j is
interpreted as its rvalue (since it is on the right hand side of
the assignment operator '=').  That is, here the j refers to the
value _stored_ at the memory location set aside for j, in this
case 7.  So, the 7 is copied to the address designated by the
lvalue of k.

    In all of these examples, we are using 2 byte integers so all
copying of rvalues from one storage location to the other is done
by copying 2 bytes.  Had we been using long integers, we would be
copying 4 bytes.

    Now, let's say that we have a reason for wanting a variable
designed to hold an lvalue (an address).  The size required to
hold such a value depends on the system.  On older desk top
computers with 64K of memory total, the address of any point in
memory can be contained in 2 bytes.  Computers with more memory
would require more bytes to hold an address.  Some computers,
such as the IBM PC might require special handling to hold a
segment and offset under certain circumstances.  The actual size
required is not too important so long as we have a way of
informing the compiler that what we want to store is an address.

    Such a variable is called a "pointer variable" (for reasons
which will hopefully become clearer a little later).  In C when
we define a pointer variable we do so by preceding its name with
an asterisk.  In C we also give our pointer a type which, in this
case, refers to the type of data stored at the address we will be
storing in our pointer.  For example, consider the variable
definition:

    int *ptr;

    ptr is the _name_ of our variable (just as 'k' was the name
of our integer variable).  The '*' informs the compiler that we
want a pointer variable, i.e. to set aside however many bytes is
required to store an address in memory.  The "int" says that we
intend to use our pointer variable to store the address of an
integer. Such a pointer is said to "point to" an integer.  Note,
however, that when we wrote  "int k;" we did not give k a value.
If this definiton was made outside of any function many compilers
will initialize it to zero.  Simlarly, ptr has no value, that is
we haven't stored an address in it in the above definition.  In
this case, again if the definition is outside of any function, it
is intialized to a value #defined by your compiler as NULL.  It
is called a NULL pointer.  While in most cases NULL is #defined
as zero, it need not be.  That is, different compilers handle
this differently.  Also note that while zero is an integer, NULL
need not be.

    But, back to using our new variable ptr.  Suppose now that we
want to store in ptr the address of our integer variable k.  To
do this we use the unary '&' operator and write:

    ptr = &k;

    What the '&' operator does is retrieve the lvalue (address)
of k, even though k is on the right hand side of the assignment
operator '=', and copies that to the contents of our pointer ptr.
Now, ptr is said to "point to" k.  Bear with us now, there is
only one more operator we need to discuss.

    The "dereferencing operator" is the asterisk and it is used
as follows:

    *ptr = 7;

will copy 7 to the address pointed to by ptr.  Thus if ptr
"points to" (contains the address of) k, the above statement will
set the value of k to 7.  That is, when we use the '*' this way
we are refering to the value of that which ptr is pointing
at, not the value of the pointer itself.

    Similarly, we could write:

    printf("%d\n",*ptr);

to print to the screen the integer value stored at the address
pointed to by "ptr".

    One way to see how all this stuff fits together would be to
run the following program and then review the code and the output
carefully.

-------------------------------------------------
#include 

int j, k;
int *ptr;


int main(void)
{
   j = 1;
   k = 2;
   ptr = &k;
   printf("\n");
   printf("j has the value %d and is stored at %p\n",j,&j);
   printf("k has the value %d and is stored at %p\n",k,&k);
   printf("ptr has the value %p and is stored at %p\n",ptr,&ptr);
   printf("The value of the integer pointed to by ptr is %d\n",
           *ptr);
   return 0;
}
---------------------------------------
To review:

    A variable is defined by giving it a type and a name (e.g.
     int k;)

    A pointer variable is defined by giving it a type and a name
     (e.g. int *ptr) where the asterisk tells the compiler that
     the variable named ptr is a pointer variable and the type
     tells the compiler what type the pointer is to point to
     (integer in this case).

    Once a variable is defined, we can get its address by
     preceding its name with the unary '&' operator, as in &k.

    We can "dereference" a pointer, i.e. refer to the value of
     that which it points to, by using the unary '*' operator as
     in *ptr.

    An "lvalue" of a variable is the value of its address, i.e.
     where it is stored in memory.  The "rvalue" of a variable is
     the value stored in that variable (at that address).

==================================================================
CHAPTER 2: Pointer types and Arrays

    Okay, let's move on.  Let us consider why we need to identify
the "type" of variable that a pointer points to, as in:

        int *ptr;

    One reason for doing this is so that later, once ptr "points
to" something, if we write:

        *ptr = 2;

the compiler will know how many bytes to copy into that memory
location pointed to by ptr.  If ptr was defined as pointing to an
integer, 2 bytes would be copied, if a long, 4 bytes would be
copied.  Similarly for floats and doubles the appropriate number
will be copied.  But, defining the type that the pointer points
to permits a number of other interesting ways a compiler can
interpret code.  For example, consider a block in memory
consisting if ten integers in a row.  That is, 20 bytes of memory
are set aside to hold 10 integer.

    Now, let's say we point our integer pointer ptr at the first
of these integers.  Furthermore lets say that integer is located
at memory location 100 (decimal).   What happens when we write:

    ptr + 1;

    Because the compiler "knows" this is a pointer (i.e. its
value is an address) and that it points to an integer (its
current address, 100, is the address of an integer), it adds 2 to
ptr instead of 1, so the pointer "points to" the _next_
_integer_, at memory location 102.  Similarly, were the ptr
defined as a pointer to a long, it would add 4 to it instead of
1.  The same goes for other data types such as floats, doubles,
or even user defined data types such as structures.

    Similarly, since ++ptr and ptr++ are both equivalent to
ptr + 1 (though the point in the program when ptr is incremented
may be different), incrementing a pointer using the unary ++
operator, either pre- or post-, increments the address it stores
by the amount sizeof(type) (i.e. 2 for an integer, 4 for a long,
etc.).

    Since a block of 10 integers located contiguously in memory
is, by definition, an array of integers, this brings up an
interesting relationship between arrays and pointers.

    Consider the following:

    int my_array[] = {1,23,17,4,-5,100};

    Here we have an array containing 6 integers.  We refer to
each of these integers by means of a subscript to my_array, i.e.
using my_array[0] through my_array[5].  But, we could
alternatively access them via a pointer as follows:

    int *ptr;

    ptr = &my_array[0];       /* point our pointer at the first
                                 integer in our array */

    And then we could print out our array either using the array
notation or by dereferencing our pointer.  The following code
illustrates this:
------------------------------------------------------
#include 

int my_array[] = {1,23,17,4,-5,100};
int *ptr;

int main(void)
{
    int i;
    ptr = &my_array[0];     /* point our pointer to the array */
    printf("\n\n");
    for(i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
      printf("my_array[%d] = %d   ",i,my_array[i]);   /*<-- A */
      printf("ptr + %d = %d\n",i, *(ptr + i));        /*<-- B */
    }
    return 0;
}
----------------------------------------------------
   Compile and run the above program and carefully note lines A
and B and that the program prints out the same values in either
case.  Also note how we dereferenced our pointer in line B, i.e.
we first added i to it and then dereferenced the the new pointer.
Change line B to read:

     printf("ptr + %d = %d\n",i, *ptr++);

and run it again... then change it to:

     printf("ptr + %d = %d\n",i, *(++ptr));

and try once more.  Each time try and predict the outcome and
carefully look at the actual outcome.

    In C, the standard states that wherever we might use
&var_name[0] we can replace that with var_name, thus in our code
where we wrote:

        ptr = &my_array[0];

    we can write:

        ptr = my_array;     to achieve the same result.

    This leads many texts to state that the name of an array is a
pointer.  While this is true, I prefer to mentally think "the
name of the array is a _constant_ pointer".  Many beginners
(including myself when I was learning) forget that _constant_
qualifier.  In my opinon this leads to some confusion.  For
example, while we can write ptr = my_array; we cannot write

    my_array = ptr;

    The reason is that the while ptr is a variable, my_array is a
constant.  That is, the location at which the first element of
my_array will be stored cannot be changed once my_array[] has
been declared.

Modify the example program above by changing

    ptr = &my_array[0];     to     ptr = my_array;

and run it again to verify the results are identical.

    Now, let's delve a little further into the difference between
the names "ptr" and "my_array" as used above.  We said that
my_array is a constant pointer.  What do we mean by that?  Well,
to understand the term "constant" in this sense, let's go back to
our definition of the term "variable".  When we define a variable
we set aside a spot in memory to hold the value of the
appropriate type.  Once that is done the name of the variable can
be interpreted in one of two ways.  When used on the left side of
the assignment operator, the compiler interprets it as the memory
location to which to move that which lies on the right side of
the assignment operator.  But, when used on the right side of the
assignment operator, the name of a variable is interpreted to
mean the contents stored at that memory address set aside to hold
the value of that variable.

    With that in mind, let's now consider the simplest of
constants, as in:

    int i, k;
    i = 2;

    Here, while "i" is a variable and then occupies space in the
data portion of memory, "2" is a constant and, as such, instead
of setting aside memory in the data segment, it is imbedded
directly in the code segment of memory.  That is, while writing
something like k = i;  tells the compiler to create code which at
run time will look at memory location &i to determine the value
to be moved to k, code created by  i = 2;  simply puts the '2' in
the code and there is no referencing of the data segment.

    Similarly, in the above, since "my_array" is a constant, once
the compiler establishes where the array itself is to be stored,
it "knows" the address of my_array[0] and on seeing:

    ptr = my_array;

it simply uses this address as a constant in the code segment and
there is no referencing of the data segment beyond that.

    Well, that's a lot of technical stuff to digest and I don't
expect a beginner to understand all of it on first reading.  With
time and experimentation you will want to come back and re-read
the first 2 chapters.  But for now, let's move on to the
relationship between pointers, character arrays, and strings.

==================================================================
CHAPTER 3:  Pointers and Strings

    The study of strings is useful to further tie in the
relationship between pointers and arrays.  It also makes it easy
to illustrate how some of the standard C string functions can be
implemented. Finally it illustrates how and when pointers can and
should be passed to functions.

    In C, strings are arrays of characters.  This is not
necessarily true in other languages.  In Pascal or (most versions
of) Basic, strings are treated differently from arrays.  To start
off our discussion we will write some code which, while preferred
for illustrative purposes, you would probably never write in an
actual program.  Consider, for example:

    char my_string[40];

    my_string[0] = 'T';
    my_string[1] = 'e';
    my_string[2] = 'd':
    my_string[3] = '\0';

    While one would never build a string like this, the end
result is a string in that it is an array of characters
_terminated_with_a_nul_character_.  By definition, in C, a string
is an array of characters terminated with the nul character. Note
that "nul" is _not_ the same as "NULL".  The nul refers to a zero
as is defined by the escape sequence '\0'.  That is it occupies
one byte of memory.  The NULL, on the other hand, is the value of
an uninitialized pointer and pointers require more than one byte
of storage.  NULL is #defined in a header file in your C
compiler, nul may not be #defined at all.

    Since writing the above code would be very time consuming, C
permits two alternate ways of achieving the same thing.  First,
one might write:

    char my_string[40] = {'T', 'e', 'd', '\0',};

    But this also takes more typing than is convenient.  So, C
permits:

    char my_string[40] = "Ted";

    When the double quotes are used, instead of the single quotes
as was done in the previous examples, the nul character ( '\0' )
is automatically appended to the end of the string.

    In all of the above cases, the same thing happens.  The
compiler sets aside an contiguous block of memory 40 bytes long
to hold characters and initialized it such that the first 4
characters are Ted\0.

    Now, consider the following program:

------------------program 3.1-------------------------------------
#include 

char strA[80] = "A string to be used for demonstration purposes";
char strB[80];

int main(void)
{
   char *pA;     /* a pointer to type character */
   char *pB;     /* another pointer to type character */
   puts(strA);   /* show string A */
   pA = strA;    /* point pA at string A */
   puts(pA);     /* show what pA is pointing to */
   pB = strB;    /* point pB at string B */
   putchar('\n');       /* move down one line on the screen */
   while(*pA != '\0')   /* line A (see text) */
   {
     *pB++ = *pA++;     /* line B (see text) */
   }
   *pB = '\0';          /* line C (see text) */
   puts(strB);          /* show strB on screen */
   return 0;
}
--------- end program 3.1 -------------------------------------

    In the above we start out by defining two character arrays of
80 characters each.  Since these are globally defined, they are
initialized to all '\0's first.  Then, strA has the first 42
characters initialized to the string in quotes.

    Now, moving into the code, we define two character pointers
and show the string on the screen.  We then "point" the ponter pA
at strA.  That is, by means of the assignment statement we copy
the address of strA[0] into our variable pA.  We now use puts()
to show that which is pointed to by pA on the screen.  Consider
here that the function prototype for puts() is:

    int puts(const char *s);

    For the moment, ignore the "const".  The parameter passed to
puts is a pointer, that is the _value_ of a pointer (since all
parameters in C are passed by value), and the value of a pointer
is the address to which it points, or, simply, an address.  Thus
when we write:

    puts(strA);        as we have seen, we are passing the

address of strA[0].  Similarly, when we write:

    puts(pA);          we are passing the same address, since

we have set pA = strA;

    Given that, follow the code down to the while() statement on
line A.  Line A states:

    While the character pointed to by pA (i.e. *pA) is not a nul
character (i.e. the terminating '\0'), do the following:

    line B states:  copy the character pointed to by pA to the
space pointed to by pB, then increment pA so it points to the
next character and pB so it points to the next space.

    Note that when we have copied the last character, pA now
points to the terminating nul character and the loop ends.
However, we have not copied the nul character.  And, by
definition a string in C _must_ be nul terminated.  So, we add
the nul character with line C.

    It is very educational to run this program with your debugger
while watching strA, strB, pA and pB and single stepping through
the program.  It is even more educational if instead of simply
defining strB[] as has been done above, initialize it also with
something like:

 strB[80] = "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"

where the number of digits used is greater than the length of
strA and then repeat the single stepping procedure while watching
the above variables.  Give these things a try!

    Of course, what the above program illustrates is a simple way
of copying a string.  After playing with the above until you have
a good understanding of what is happening, we can proceed to
creating our own replacement for the standard strcpy() that comes
with C.  It might look like:

   char *my_strcpy(char *destination, char *source)
   {
        char *p = destination
        while (*source != '\0')
        {
           *p++ = *source++;
        }
        *p = '\0';
        return destination.
   }

    In this case, I have followed the practice used in the
standard routine of returning a pointer to the destination.

    Again, the function is designed to accept the values of two
character pointers, i.e. addresses, and thus in the previous
program we could write:

int main(void)
{
  my_strcpy(strB, strA);
  puts(strB);
}

    I have deviated slightly from the form used in standard C
which would have the prototype:

    char *my_strcpy(char *destination, const char *source);

    Here the "const" modifier is used to assure the user that the
function will not modify the contents pointed to by the source
pointer.  You can prove this by modifying the function above, and
its prototype, to include the "const" modifier as shown.  Then,
within the function you can add a statement which attempts to
change the contents of that which is pointed to by source, such
as:

    *source = 'X';

which would normally change the first character of the string to
an X.  The const modifier should cause your compiler to catch
this as an error.  Try it and see.

    Now, let's consider some of the things the above examples
have shown us.  First off, consider the fact that *ptr++ is to be
interpreted as returning the value pointed to by ptr and then
incrementing the pointer value.  On the other hand, note that
this has to do with the precedence of the operators.  Were we to
write (*ptr)++ we would increment, not the pointer, but that
which the pointer points to!  i.e. if used on the first character
of the above example string the 'T' would be incremented to a
'U'.  You can write some simple example code to illustrate this.

    Recall again that a string is nothing more than an array
of characters.  What we have done above is deal with copying
an array.  It happens to be an array of characters but the
technique could be applied to an array of integers, doubles,
etc.  In those cases, however, we would not be dealing with
strings and hence the end of the array would not be
_automatically_ marked with a special value like the nul
character.  We could implement a version that relied on a
special value to identify the end. For example, we could
copy an array of postive integers by marking the end with a
negative integer.  On the other hand, it is more usual that
when we write a function to copy an array of items other
than strings we pass the function the number of items to be
copied as well as the address of the array, e.g. something
like the following prototype might indicate:

    void int_copy(int *ptrA, int *ptrB, int nbr);

where nbr is the number of integers to be copied.  You might want
to play with this idea and create an array of integers and see if
you can write the function int_copy() and make it work.

    Note that this permits using functions to manipulate very
large arrays.  For example, if we have an array of 5000 integers
that we want to manipulate with a function, we need only pass to
that function the address of the array (and any auxiliary
information such as nbr above, depending on what we are doing).
The array itself does _not_ get passed, i.e. the whole array is
not copied and put on the stack before calling the function, only
its address is sent.

    Note that this is different from passing, say an integer, to
a function.  When we pass an integer we make a copy of the
integer, i.e. get its value and put it on the stack.  Within the
function any manipulation of the value passed can in no way
effect the original integer.  But, with arrays and pointers we
can pass the address of the variable and hence manipulate the
values of of the original variables.

==================================================================
CHAPTER 4: More on Strings

    Well, we have progressed quite aways in a short time!  Let's
back up a little and look at what was done in Chapter 3 on
copying of strings but in a different light.  Consider the
following function:

   char *my_strcpy(char dest[], char source[])
   {
        int i = 0;

        while (source[i] != '\0')
        {
           dest[i] = source[i];
           i++;
        }
        dest[i] = '\0';
        return dest;
   }

    Recall that strings are arrays of characters.  Here we have
chosen to use array notation instead of pointer notation to do
the actual copying.  The results are the same, i.e. the string
gets copied using this notation just as accurately as it did
before.  This raises some interesting points which we will
discuss.

    Since parameters are passed by value, in both the passing of
a character pointer or the name of the array as above, what
actually gets passed is the address of the first element of each
array.  Thus, the numerical value of the parameter passed is the
same whether we use a character pointer or an array name as a
parameter.  This would tend to imply that somehow:

        source[i]  is the same as  *(p+i);

In fact, this is true, i.e wherever one writes   a[i]  it can be
replaced with  *(a + i) without any problems.  In fact, the
compiler will create the same code in either case.   Now, looking
at this last expression, part of it..  (a + i)  is a simple
addition using the + operator and the rules of c state that such
an expression is commutative.  That is   (a + i) is identical to
(i + a).  Thus we could write *(i + a) just as easily as
*(a + i).

    But *(i + a) could have come from i[a] !  From all of this
comes the curious truth that if:

    char a[20];
    int i;

    writing    a[3] = 'x';   is the same as writing

               3[a] = 'x';

    Try it!  Set up an array of characters, integers or longs,
etc. and assigned the 3rd or 4th element a value using the
conventional approach and then print out that value to be sure
you have that working.  Then reverse the array notation as I have
done above.  A good compiler will not balk and the results will
be identical.   A curiosity... nothing more!

    Now, looking at our function above, when we write:

        dest[i] = source[i];

    this gets interpreted by C to read:

        *(dest + i) = *(source + i);

    But, this takes 2 additions for each value taken on by i.
Additions, generally speaking, take more time than
incrementations (such as those done using the ++ operator as in
i++).  This may not be true in modern optimizing compilers, but
one can never be sure.  Thus, the pointer version may be a bit
faster than the array version.

    Another way to speed up the pointer version would be to
change:

    while (*source != '\0')     to simply    while (*source)

since the value within the parenthesis will go to zero (FALSE) at
the same time in either case.  

    At this point you might want to experiment a bit with writing
some of your own programs using pointers.  Manipulating strings
is a good place to experiment.  You might want to write your own
versions of such standard functions as:

            strlen();
            strcat();
            strchr();

and any others you might have on your system.

    We will come back to strings and their manipulation through
pointers in a future chapter.  For now, let's move on and discuss
structures for a bit.

==================================================================
CHAPTER 5: Pointers and Structures

    As you may know, we can declare the form of a block of data
containing different data types by means of a structure
declaration.  For example, a personnel file might contain
structures which look something like:

  struct tag{
       char lname[20];        /* last name */
       char fname[20];        /* first name */
       int age;               /* age */
       float rate;            /* e.g. 12.75 per hour */
       };

    Let's say we have an bunch of these structures in a disk file
and we want to read each one out and print out the first and last
name of each one so that we can have a list of the people in our
files.  The remaining information will not be printed out.  We
will want to do this printing with a function call and pass to
that function a pointer to the structure at hand.  For
demonstration purposes I will use only one structure for now. But
realize the goal is the writing of the function, not the reading
of the file which, presumably, we know how to do.

    For review, recall that we can access structure members with
the dot operator as in:

--------------- program 5.1 ------------------
#include 
#include 

struct tag{
       char lname[20];      /* last name */
       char fname[20];      /* first name */
       int age;             /* age */
       float rate;          /* e.g. 12.75 per hour */
       };

struct tag my_struct;       /* declare the structure m_struct */

int main(void)
{
  strcpy(my_struct.lname,"Jensen");
  strcpy(my_struct.fname,"Ted");
  printf("\n%s ",my_struct.fname);
  printf("%s\n",my_struct.lname);
  return 0;
}
-------------- end of program 5.1 --------------

    Now, this particular structure is rather small compared to
many used in C programs.  To the above we might want to add:

  date_of_hire;
  date_of_last_raise;
  last_percent_increase;
  emergency_phone;
  medical_plan;
  Social_S_Nbr;
  etc.....

    Now, if we have a large number of employees, what we want to
do manipulate the data in these structures by means of functions.
For example we might want a function print out the name of any
structure passed to it.  However, in the original C (Kernighan &
Ritchie) it was not possible to pass a structure, only a pointer
to a structure could be passed.  In ANSI C, it is now permissible
to pass the complete structure.  But, since our goal here is to
learn more about pointers, we won't pursue that.

    Anyway, if we pass the whole structure it means there must be
enough room on the stack to hold it.  With large structures this
could prove to be a problem.  However, passing a pointer uses a
minimum amount of stack space.

    In any case, since this is a discussion of pointers, we will
discuss how we go about passing a pointer to a structure and then
using it within the function.

    Consider the case described, i.e. we want a function that
will accept as a parameter a pointer to a structure and from
within that function we want to access members of the structure.
For example we want to print out the name of the employee in our
example structure.

    Okay, so we know that our pointer is going to point to a
structure declared using struct tag.  We define such a pointer
with the definition:

    struct tag *st_ptr;

and we point it to our example structure with:

    st_ptr = &my_struct;

    Now, we can access a given member by de-referencing the
pointer. But, how do we de-reference the pointer to a structure?
Well, consider the fact that we might want to use the pointer to
set the age of the employee.  We would write:

    (*st_ptr).age = 63;

    Look at this carefully.  It says, replace that within the
parenthesis with that which st_ptr points to, which is the
structure my_struct.  Thus, this breaks down to the same as
my_struct.age.

    However, this is a fairly often used expression and the
designers of C have created an alternate syntax with the same
meaning which is:

    st_ptr->age = 63;

    With that in mind, look at the following program:

------------ program 5.2 --------------

#include 
#include 

struct tag{                   /* the structure type */
       char lname[20];        /* last name */
       char fname[20];        /* first name */
       int age;               /* age */
       float rate;            /* e.g. 12.75 per hour */
       };

struct tag my_struct;         /* define the structure */

void show_name(struct tag *p);    /* function prototype */

int main(void)
{
  struct tag *st_ptr;         /* a pointer to a structure */
  st_ptr = &my_struct;        /* point the pointer to my_struct */
  strcpy(my_struct.lname,"Jensen");
  strcpy(my_struct.fname,"Ted");
  printf("\n%s ",my_struct.fname);
  printf("%s\n",my_struct.lname);
  my_struct.age = 63;
  show_name(st_ptr);          /* pass the pointer */
  return 0;
}


void show_name(struct tag *p)
{
  printf("\n%s ", p->fname);     /* p points to a structure */
  printf("%s ", p->lname);
  printf("%d\n", p->age);
}
-------------------- end of program 5.2 ----------------

    Again, this is a lot of information to absorb at one time.
The reader should compile and run the various code snippets and
using a debugger monitor things like my_struct and p while single
stepping through the main and following the code down into the
function to see what is happening.

==================================================================
CHAPTER 6:  Some more on Strings, and Arrays of Strings

   Well, let's go back to strings for a bit.  In the following
all assignments are to be understood as being global, i.e. made
outside of any function, including main.

   We pointed out in an earlier chapter that we could write:

   char my_string[40] = "Ted";

which would allocate space for a 40 byte array and put the string
in the first 4 bytes (three for the characters in the quotes and
a 4th to handle the terminating '\0'.

    Actually, if all we wanted to do was store the name "Ted" we
could write:

      char my_name[] = "Ted";

and the compiler would count the characters, leave room for the
nul character and store the total of the four characters in memory
the location of which would be returned by the array name, in this
case my_string.

    In some code, instead of the above, you might see:

     char *my_name = "Ted";

which is an alternate approach.  Is there a difference between
these?  The answer is.. yes.  Using the array notation 4 bytes of
storage in the static memory block are taken up, one for each
character and one for the nul character.  But, in the pointer
notation the same 4 bytes required, _plus_ N bytes to store the
pointer variable my_name (where N depends on the system but is
usually a minimum of 2 bytes and can be 4 or more).

    In the array notation, my_name is a constant (not a
variable).  In the pointer notation my_name is a variable.  As to
which is the _better_ method, that depends on what you are going
to do within the rest of the program.

    Let's now go one step further and consider what happens if
each of these definitions are done within a function as opposed
to globally outside the bounds of any function.

void my_function_A(char *ptr)
{
  char a[] = "ABCDE";
  .
  .
}

void my_function_B(char *ptr)
{
  char *cp = "ABCDE";
  .
  .
}

    Here we are dealing with automatic variables in both cases.
In my_function_A the automatic variable is the character array
a[]. In my_function_B it is the pointer cp.  While C is designed
in such a way that a stack is not required on those processors
which don't use them, my particular processor (80286) has a
stack.  I wrote a simple program incorporating functions similar
to those above and found that in my_function_A the 5 characters
in the string were all stored on the stack.  On the other hand,
in my_function_B, the 5 characters were stored in the data space
and the pointer was stored on the stack.

    By making a[] static I could force the compiler to place the
5 characters in the data space as opposed to the stack.  I did
this exercise to point out just one more difference between
dealing with arrays and dealing with pointers.  By the way, array
initialization of automatic variables as I have done in
my_function_A was illegal in the older K&R C and only "came of
age" in the newer ANSI C.  A fact that may be important when one
is considering portabilty and backwards compatability.

    As long as we are discussing the relationship/differences
between pointers and arrays, let's move on to multi-dimensional
arrays.  Consider, for example the array:

    char multi[5][10];

    Just what does this mean?   Well, let's consider it in the
following light.

        char multi[5][10];
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

    If we take the first, underlined, part above and consider it
to be a variable in its own right, we have an array of 10
characters with the "name"  multi[5].  But this name, in itself,
implies an array of 5 somethings.  In fact, it means an array of
five 10 character arrays.  Hence we have an array of arrays.  In
memory we might think of this as looking like:

      multi[0] = "0123456789"
      multi[1] = "abcdefghij"
      multi[2] = "ABCDEFGHIJ"
      multi[3] = "9876543210"
      multi[4] = "JIHGFEDCBA"

with individual elements being, for example:

      multi[0][3] = '3'
      multi[1][7] = 'h'
      multi[4][0] = 'J'

    Since arrays are to be contiguous, our actual memory block
for the above should look like:

    "0123456789abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ9876543210JIHGFEDCBA"

    Now, the compiler knows how many columns are present in the
array so it can interpret multi + 1 as the address of the 'a' in
the 2nd row above.  That is, it adds 10, the number of columns,
to get this location.  If we were dealing with integers and an
array with the same dimension the compiler would add
10*sizeof(int) which, on my machine, would be 20.  Thus, the
address of the "9" in the 4th row above would be &multi[3][0] or
*(multi + 3) in pointer notation.  To get to the content of the
2nd element in row 3 we add 1 to this address and dereference the
result as in

    *(*(multi + 3) + 1)

    With a little thought we can see that:

    *(*(multi + row) + col)    and
    multi[row][col]            yield the same results.

    The following program illustrates this using integer arrays
instead of character arrays.

------------------- program 6.1 ----------------------
#include 

#define ROWS 5
#define COLS 10

int multi[ROWS][COLS];

int main(void)
{
  int row, col;
  for (row = 0; row < ROWS; row++)
    for(col = 0; col < COLS; col++)
      multi[row][col] = row*col;
  for (row = 0; row < ROWS; row++)
    for(col = 0; col < COLS; col++)
    {
      printf("\n%d  ",multi[row][col]);
      printf("%d ",*(*(multi + row) + col));
    }
  return 0;
}
----------------- end of program 6.1 ---------------------

    Because of the double de-referencing required in the pointer
version, the name of a 2 dimensional array is said to be a
pointer to a pointer.  With a three dimensional array we would be
dealing with an array of arrays of arrays and a pointer to a
pointer to a pointer.  Note, however, that here we have initially
set aside the block of memory for the array by defining it using
array notation.  Hence, we are dealing with an constant, not a
variable.  That is we are talking about a fixed pointer not a
variable pointer.  The dereferencing function used above permits
us to access any element in the array of arrays without the need
of changing the value of that pointer (the address of multi[0][0]
as given by the symbol "multi").

EPILOG:

    I have written the preceding material to provide an
introduction to pointers for newcomers to C.  In C, the more one
understands about pointers the greater flexibility one has in the
writing of code.  The above has just scratched the surface of the
subject. In time I hope to expand on this material.  Therefore,
if you have questions, comments, criticisms, etc. concerning that
which has been presented, I would greatly appreciate your
contacting me using one of the mail addresses cited in the
Introduction.

Ted Jensen
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/xstrcat.c0000755000076400001440000000127007055334352016134 /*
**  XSTRCAT.C - String concatenation function
**
**  Notes: 1st argument must be a buffer large enough to contain the
**         concatenated strings.
**
**         2nd thru nth arguments are the string to concatenate.
**
**	     (n+1)th argument must be NULL to terminate the list.
*/

#include 

char *xstrcat(char *des, char *src, ...)
{
        char *destination = des;
        va_list v;

        va_start(v, src);

        while (src != 0)
        {
                while (*src != 0)
                        *des++ = *src++;
                src = va_arg(v, char *);
        }
        *des = 0;

        va_end(v);

        return destination;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/xstrcmp.c0000755000076400001440000000307007055334352016144 /*
**  xstrcmp() - compares strings using DOS wildcards
**              'mask' may contain '*' and '?'
**               returns 1 if 's' matches 'mask', otherwise 0
**               public domain by Steffen Offermann 1991
*/


int xstrcmp (char *mask, char *s)
{
      while (*mask)
      {
            switch (*mask)
            {
            case '?':
                  if (!*s)
                        return (0);
                  s++;
                  mask++;
                  break;

            case '*':
                  while (*mask == '*')
                        mask++;
                  if (!*mask)
                        return ( 1 );
                  if (*mask == '?')
                        break;
                  while (*s != *mask)
                  {
                        if (!*s)
                              return (0);
                        s++;
                  }
                  s++;
                  mask++;
                  break;

            default:
                  if (*s != *mask)
                        return (0);
                  s++;
                  mask++;
            }
      }

      if (!*s && *mask)
            return (0);
      return ( 1 );
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      if (3 != argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: XSTRCMP string_1 string_2");
            return;
      }
      printf("xstrcmp(\"%s\", \"%s\") returned %d\n", argv[1], argv[2],
            xstrcmp(argv[1], argv[2]));
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bmhsrch.c0000755000076400001440000000415007055333655016077 /*
**  Case-sensitive Boyer-Moore-Horspool pattern match
**
**  public domain by Raymond Gardner 7/92
**
**  limitation: pattern length + string length must be less than 32767
**
**  10/21/93 rdg  Fixed bug found by Jeff Dunlop
*/
#include                                          /* rdg 10/93 */
#include 
#include 

typedef unsigned char uchar;

#define LARGE 32767

static int patlen;
static int skip[UCHAR_MAX+1];                               /* rdg 10/93 */
static int skip2;
static uchar *pat;

void bmh_init(const char *pattern)
{
          int i, lastpatchar;

          pat = (uchar *)pattern;
          patlen = strlen(pattern);
          for (i = 0; i <= UCHAR_MAX; ++i)                  /* rdg 10/93 */
                skip[i] = patlen;
          for (i = 0; i < patlen; ++i)
                skip[pat[i]] = patlen - i - 1;
          lastpatchar = pat[patlen - 1];
          skip[lastpatchar] = LARGE;
          skip2 = patlen;                 /* Horspool's fixed second shift */
          for (i = 0; i < patlen - 1; ++i)
          {
                if (pat[i] == lastpatchar)
                      skip2 = patlen - i - 1;
          }
}

char *bmh_search(const char *string, const int stringlen)
{
      int i, j;
      char *s;

      i = patlen - 1 - stringlen;
      if (i >= 0)
            return NULL;
      string += stringlen;
      for ( ;; )
      {
            while ( (i += skip[((uchar *)string)[i]]) < 0 )
                  ;                           /* mighty fast inner loop */
            if (i < (LARGE - stringlen))
                  return NULL;
            i -= LARGE;
            j = patlen - 1;
            s = (char *)string + (i - j);
            while (--j >= 0 && s[j] == pat[j])
                  ;
            if ( j < 0 )                                    /* rdg 10/93 */
                  return s;                                 /* rdg 10/93 */
            if ( (i += skip2) >= 0 )                        /* rdg 10/93 */
                  return NULL;                              /* rdg 10/93 */
      }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rtlftrul.txt0000755000076400001440000001165407055334214016723 Organization: KFW Corporation, Newbury Park, CA
Message-ID: <1990Jul16.195111.5976@kfw.COM>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.c

I've received several mail messages since offering to explain the 
right-left rule via e-mail, so I've decided to post.  For those of
you who already know this or don't care, quit now (this is a little
long).

The "right-left" rule is a completely regular rule for deciphering C
declarations.  It can also be useful in creating them.

First, symbols.  Read

     *          as "pointer to"
     []         as "array of"
     ()         as "function returning"

as you encounter them in the declaration.

STEP 1
------
Find the identifier.  This is your starting point.  Then say to yourself,
"identifier is".  You've started your declaration.

STEP 2
------
Look at the symbols on the right of the identifier.  If, say, you find "()"
there, then you know that this is the declaration for a function.  So you
would then have "identifier is function returning".  Or if you found a 
"[]" there, you would say "identifier is array of".  Continue right until
you run out of symbols *OR* hit a *right* parenthesis ")".  (If you hit a 
left parenthesis, that's the beginning of a () symbol, even if there
is stuff in between the parentheses.  More on that below.)

STEP 3
------
Look at the symbols to the left of the identifier.  If it is not one of our
symbols above (say, something like "int"), just say it.  Otherwise, translate
it into English using that table above.  Keep going left until you run out of
symbols *OR* hit a *left* parenthesis "(".  

Now repeat steps 2 and 3 until you've formed your declaration.  Here are some
examples:

     int *p[];

1) Find identifier.          int *p[];
                                  ^
   "p is"

2) Move right until out of symbols or left parenthesis hit.
                             int *p[];
                                   ^^
   "p is array of"

3) Can't move right anymore (out of symbols), so move left and find:
                             int *p[];
                                 ^
   "p is array of pointer to"

4) Keep going left and find:
                             int *p[];
                             ^^^
   "p is array of pointer to int".

Another example:

   int *(*func())();

1) Find the identifier.      int *(*func())();
                                    ^^^^
   "func is"

2) Move right.               int *(*func())();
                                        ^^
   "func is function returning"

3) Can't move right anymore because of the right parenthesis, so move left.
                             int *(*func())();
                                   ^
   "func is function returning pointer to"

4) Can't move left anymore because of the left parenthesis, so keep going
   right.                    int *(*func())();
                                           ^^
   "func is function returning pointer to function returning"

5) Can't move right anymore because we're out of symbols, so go left.
                             int *(*func())();
                                 ^
   "func is function returning pointer to function returning pointer to"

6) And finally, keep going left, because there's nothing left on the right.
                             int *(*func())();
                             ^^^
   "func is function returning pointer to function returning pointer to int".

As you can see, this rule can be quite useful.  You can also use it to
sanity check yourself while you are creating declarations, and to give
you a hint about where the put the next symbol and whether parentheses
are required.

Some declarations look much more complicated than they are due to array
sizes and argument lists in prototype form.  If you see "[3]", that's
read as "array (size 3) of...".  If you see "(char *,int)" that's read
as "function expecting (char *,int) and returning...".  Here's a fun
one:

                 int (*(*fun_one)(char *,double))[9][20];

I won't go through each of the steps to decipher this one.  It's:

     "fun_one is pointer to function expecting (char *,double) and 
      returning pointer to array (size 9) of array (size 20) of int."

As you can see, it's not as complicated if you get rid of the array sizes
and argument lists:

     int (*(*fun_one)())[][];

You can decipher it that way, and then put in the array sizes and argument
lists later.

Some final words:

It is quite possible to make illegal declarations using this rule,
so some knowledge of what's legal in C is necessary.  For instance,
if the above had been:

     int *((*fun_one)())[][];

it would have been "fun_one is pointer to function returning array of array of
                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
pointer to int".  Since a function cannot return an array, but only a 
pointer to an array, that declaration is illegal.

Will
will@kfw.com
uunet!charyb!will 
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/commconv.c0000755000076400001440000000477407055333707016304 /*
 * COMMCONV.C
 * Change C++ -comments to C-comments
 *
 * Public domain by Jari Laaksonen (2:221/105.11), 22 Dec 1992
 */

#include 

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  int  Char, cpp_comment = 0, c_comment = 0, in_string = 0;
  char CannotOpen[] = "\nCannot open %s\n\n";
  FILE *InFile, *OutFile = stdout;

  if (argc < 2)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "USAGE: COMMCONV InFile [OutFile]\n");
    return (1);
  }
  if ((InFile = fopen (argv[1], "r")) == NULL)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, CannotOpen, argv[1]);
    return (3);
  }

  if (argc == 3)
  {
    if ((OutFile = fopen (argv[2], "w")) == NULL)
    {
      fprintf (stderr, CannotOpen, argv[2]);
      OutFile = stdout;  /* if can't open, output goes to stdout instead */
    }
  }

  while ((Char = fgetc (InFile)) != EOF)
  {
    fputc (Char, OutFile);

    if (Char == '\"')
      in_string = ! in_string;    /* toggle flag */

    if (in_string)                /* we are in a string now */
      continue;

    if (Char == '/')              /* slash */
    {
      Char = fgetc (InFile);      /* check next char */
      if (Char == '/')            /* is it start of C++ comment */
      {
        Char = '*';               /* change it to C comment */
        cpp_comment = 1;
      }
      else if (Char == '*')       /* is it start of C comment */
        c_comment = 1;

      fputc (Char, OutFile);

      if (c_comment || cpp_comment) /* inside C or C++ comment */
      {
        while ((Char = fgetc (InFile)) != '\n') /* rest of the line */
        {
          if (Char == '*' && c_comment)
          {
            int Ch = fgetc (InFile);         /* check next char */
            if (Ch == '/')                   /* is it end of C comment */
              c_comment = 0;
            ungetc (Ch, InFile);             /* put it back to stream */
          }
          fputc (Char, OutFile);
        }
        if (cpp_comment)
        {
          fputs (" *", OutFile);             /* put ending C comment mark */
          if (c_comment)
            fputc (' ', OutFile);
          fputc ('/', OutFile);
          cpp_comment = 0;
        }
        fputc ('\n', OutFile);
      }
    }
    else if (Char == '*' && c_comment)
    {
      Char = fgetc (InFile);
      if (Char == '/')                   /* is it end of C comment */
        c_comment = 0;
      fputc (Char, OutFile);
    }
  } /* while end */

  if (argc == 3)
    fclose (OutFile);
  fclose (InFile);

  return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/setvol.c0000755000076400001440000001234207055334223015757 /*
**  SETVOL.C - set, change, or kill a disk volume label
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
**  DOS 5 enhancements suggested by Keith Beedle
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "portable.h"         /* Also in SNIPPETS     */

#define NUL '\0'

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #pragma option -a-
 #include 
 #include 
 #define _A_VOLID FA_LABEL
 #define _far far
#else
 #include 
 #if defined(__ZTC__)
  #pragma ZTC align 1
 #else /* MSC/QC/WATCOM/METAWARE */
  #pragma pack(1)
 #endif
 struct fcb {
         char   fcb_drive;
         char   fcb_name[8];
         char   fcb_ext[3];
         short  fcb_curblk;
         short  fcb_recsize;
         long   fcb_filsize;
         short  fcb_date;
         char   fcb_resv[10];
         char   fcb_currec;
         long   fcb_random;
 };

 struct xfcb {
         char           xfcb_flag;
         char           xfcb_resv[5];
         char           xfcb_attr;
         struct fcb     xfcb_fcb;
 };
#endif

#include "dos5boot.h"   /* SNIPPETS file with DOS 5 boot record structure  */

/*
**  NOTE: The following use functions in four other SNIPPETS files,
**        ABSDISK.ASM, ABSDISKC.C, DRVALID.C, and PUSHDIR.C
*/

int AbsDiskRead(unsigned short, size_t, size_t, void *);
int AbsDiskWrite(unsigned short, size_t, size_t, void *);
int getdrv(void);
int PushDir(char *);
int PopDir(void);

/*
**  Erase an existing volume label
*/

void vol_kill(char *fname)
{
      union REGS regs;
      struct SREGS sregs;
      struct xfcb buf;

      /* Parse the filename into an FCB               */

      segread(&sregs);
      regs.h.ah = 0x29;
      regs.h.al = 0;
      regs.x.si = (unsigned)fname;
      regs.x.di = (unsigned)&buf.xfcb_fcb;
      sregs.es  = sregs.ds;
      intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);

      /* Volume labels require extended FCB's         */

      buf.xfcb_flag = 0xff;
      buf.xfcb_attr = _A_VOLID;

      /* Delete the old label                         */

      regs.h.ah = 0x13;
      regs.x.dx = (unsigned)&buf;
      intdos(®s, ®s);
}

/*
**  Create a new volume label
*/

void setvol(char *label)
{
      char new_label[13];     /* name + ext + '.' + NUL       */
      struct xfcb buf;
      union REGS regs;
      struct SREGS sregs;
      const char pattern[] = "????????";
      char _far *dta;

      /*
      **  Change to root directory.
      */
      
      PushDir("\\");

      /* If drive is already labeled, remove it               */

      segread(&sregs);
      regs.h.ah = 0x2f;
      intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);
      dta = MK_FP(sregs.es, regs.x.bx);
      
      buf.xfcb_flag = 0xff;
      buf.xfcb_attr = _A_VOLID;
      buf.xfcb_fcb.fcb_drive = 0;
      memcpy(buf.xfcb_fcb.fcb_name, pattern, 8);
      memcpy(buf.xfcb_fcb.fcb_ext, pattern, 3);

      regs.h.ah = 0x11;
      regs.x.dx = (unsigned)&buf;
      intdos(®s, ®s);

      if (0 == regs.h.al)
      {
            int i;
            char oldlabel[13], _far *p, *q;

            for (i = 0, p = dta + 8, q =oldlabel; i < 8; ++i, ++p, ++q)
            {
                  *q = *p;
            }
            *q++ = '.';
            for (i = 0, p = dta + 16; i < 3; ++i, ++p, ++q)
            {
                  *q = *p;
            }
            vol_kill(oldlabel);
      }

      strcpy(new_label, label);
      if (8 < strlen(label))
      {
            new_label[8] = '.';
            strcpy(&new_label[9], &label[8]);
      }

      /* Parse the filename into an FCB               */

      segread(&sregs);
      regs.h.ah = 0x29;
      regs.h.al = 0;
      regs.x.si = (unsigned)new_label;
      regs.x.di = (unsigned)&buf.xfcb_fcb;
      sregs.es  = sregs.ds;
      intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);

      /* Volume labels require extended FCB's         */

      buf.xfcb_flag = 0xff;
      buf.xfcb_attr = _A_VOLID;

      /* Create the new label                         */

      regs.h.ah = 0x16;
      regs.x.dx = (unsigned)&buf;
      intdos(®s, ®s);

      /* Close the new label                          */

      regs.h.ah = 0x10;
      regs.x.dx = (unsigned)&buf;
      intdos(®s, ®s);

      /*
      **  For DOS 5.0 replace the boot record too.
      */

      if(_osmajor > 3)
      {
            int index, drive = getdrv();
            B_REC boot_record;

            AbsDiskRead(drive, 1, 0, &boot_record);
            if(0 == strcmp(boot_record.bsOemName, "MSDOS5.0"))
            {
                  index = 0;
                  while (NUL != label[index])
                  {
                        boot_record.bsVolumeLabel[index] = label[index];
                        index++;
                  }
                  for(index; index < 11; index++)
                        boot_record.bsVolumeLabel[index] = 0x20;
                  AbsDiskWrite(drive, 1, 0, &boot_record);
            }
      }
      PopDir();
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("\aUsage: SETVOL new_name");
            abort();
      }
      setvol(argv[1]);
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/tabtrick.c0000755000076400001440000000317507055334300016246 /*
**  TABTRICKs.C - Demonstrates how to use printf() for columnar formatting
*/

#include 
#include 

#define putnum(i) putchar(i+'0')

void main()       /* void main() is not standard C, but avoids warnings */
{
      char *firstname[] = { "Aloysius",   "Bob",   "Dennis",  NULL },
           *lastname[]  = { "Fuddrucker", "Stout", "Ritchie", NULL };
      int   score[]     = { -10,          70,      200,       0    },
            i, tabwidth;

      printf("%15sStudent Name%30s\n\n", "", "Test Score");
      for (i = 0; NULL != lastname[i]; ++i)
      {
            tabwidth = 36                             /* spaces to tab  */
                       -2                             /* allow for ", " */
                       -strlen(lastname[i]);          /* lastname space */
            printf("%15s%s, %-*s%3d\n",
                  "", lastname[i], tabwidth, firstname[i], score[i]);
      }

      /* print a ruler to make things clearer   */

      puts("");
      for (i = 0; i < 71; ++i)
      {
            if (i == 10 * (i / 10))
                  putnum(i / 10);
            else  putchar(' ');
      }
      puts("");
      for (i = 0; i < 71; ++i)
            putnum(i % 10);
}

/*

RESULTS:

               Student Name                    Test Score

               Fuddrucker, Aloysius                -10
               Stout, Bob                           70
               Ritchie, Dennis                     200

0         1         2         3         4         5         6         7
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

*/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/msc_peek.c0000755000076400001440000000164107055334112016226 /*
**  For MSC which lacks these very basic (sic) functions
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void _far *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

unsigned char peekb(unsigned seg, unsigned ofs)
{
        unsigned char _far *ptr;

        FP_SEG(ptr) = seg;
        FP_OFF(ptr) = ofs;
        return *ptr;
}

unsigned peek(unsigned seg, unsigned ofs)
{
        unsigned _far *ptr;

        FP_SEG(ptr) = seg;
        FP_OFF(ptr) = ofs;
        return *ptr;
}

void pokeb(unsigned seg, unsigned ofs, unsigned char ch)
{
        unsigned char _far *ptr;

        FP_SEG(ptr) = seg;
        FP_OFF(ptr) = ofs;
        *ptr = ch;
}

void poke(unsigned seg, unsigned ofs, unsigned num)
{
        unsigned _far *ptr;

        FP_SEG(ptr) = seg;
        FP_OFF(ptr) = ofs;
        *ptr = num;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/howdy.c0000755000076400001440000000103107055334011015561 #define _ putchar
#define __ ^
#define ___ /
#include 
void main()
{_((2*2*2*2*2*2*3*41)___
64__(3*17));_((2*2*2*13*89)___
104__(2*2*3*5));_((2*2*2*23*61)___
92__(2*11));_((2*2*2*2*2*3*3)___
4__(2*2*3*3));_((2*2*2*2*7*13)___
26__(3*29));_((2*2*3*7*19)___
28__(3*7));_((2*2*2*2*13*29)___
104__(2*13));_((2*2*2*2*2*2*3*19)___
114__(3*29));_((2*2*5*107)___
20__(2*2));_((3*11*97)___
97__(83));_((2*2*2*2*2*3*11)___
11__(2*2*3));_((2*5*11*13)___
55__(2*3*3*7));_((2*3*7*83)___
83__(2*2));_((79)___
79__(11));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/kb_data.c0000755000076400001440000000424107055334032016025 /* by: Dan Kozak */

#include 

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define _far far
#endif
 
typedef struct                     /* Keyboard status structure */
 {
  unsigned int
  right_shift_down  : 1,           /* Right Shift key depressed */
  left_shift_down   : 1,            /* Left Shift key depressed */
  ctrl_shift_down   : 1,                  /* Ctrl key depressed */
  alt_shift_down    : 1,                   /* Alt key depressed */
  scroll_on         : 1,                   /* Scroll Lock is on */
  num_on            : 1,                      /* Num Lock is on */
  caps_on           : 1,                     /* Caps Lock is on */
  ins_on            : 1,              /* Insert state is active */
  filler            : 3,           /* Filler for word alignment */
  ctrl_numloc       : 1,                   /* Suspend key is on */
  scroll_down       : 1,           /* Scroll Lock key depressed */
  num_down          : 1,              /* Num Lock key depressed */
  caps_down         : 1,             /* Caps Lock key depressed */
  ins_down          : 1;                /* Insert key depressed */
 } biosshiftstate;
 
biosshiftstate _far *kbd_status = (biosshiftstate _far *) 0x00000417L;
 
main()
{
      while(1)
      {
            printf("right_shift_down = %d\n",kbd_status->right_shift_down);
            printf("left_shift_down = %d\n",kbd_status->left_shift_down);
            printf("ctrl_shift_down = %d\n",kbd_status->ctrl_shift_down);
            printf("alt_shift_down = %d\n",kbd_status->alt_shift_down);
            printf("scroll_on = %d\n",kbd_status->scroll_on);
            printf("num_on = %d\n",kbd_status->num_on);
            printf("caps_on = %d\n",kbd_status->caps_on);
            printf("ins_on = %d\n",kbd_status->ins_on);
            printf("filler = %d\n",kbd_status->filler);
            printf("ctrl_numloc = %d\n",kbd_status->ctrl_numloc);
            printf("scroll_down = %d\n",kbd_status->scroll_down);
            printf("num_down = %d\n",kbd_status->num_down);
            printf("caps_down = %d\n",kbd_status->caps_down);
            printf("ins_down = %d\n",kbd_status->ins_down);
      }
      return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/factoryl.c0000755000076400001440000000511307055333754016274 /*
**  FACTORYL.C
**
**  Original Copyright 1992 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define dfrac(x) ((x)-dround(x))

/* Use #defines for Permutations and Combinations     */

#define log10P(n,r) (log10factorial(n)-log10factorial((n)-(r)))
#define log10C(n,r) (log10P((n),(r))-log10factorial(r))

#ifndef PI
 #define PI 3.14159265358979323846
#endif

#define SQRT2PI sqrt(2 * PI)
#define ONESIXTH (1.0/6.0)

/*
**  DROUND.C - Rounds a double to the nearest whole number
**  public domain by Ross Cottrell
*/

double dround(double x)
{
      assert(1 == FLT_ROUNDS);
      x += 1.0 / DBL_EPSILON;
      return x - 1.0 / DBL_EPSILON;
}

/*
**  log10factorial()
**
**  Returns the logarithm (base 10) of the factorial of a given number.
**  The logarithm is returned since this allows working wil extremely
**  large values which would otherwise overflow the F.P. range.
**
**  Parameters: 1 - Number whose factorial to return.
**
**  Returns: log10() of the passed value, -1.0 if error
**
*/

double log10factorial(double N)
{
      if (N < 40)                         /* Small, explicitly compute  */
      {
            int i;
            double f;

            for (i = 1, f = 1.0; i <= (int)N; ++i)
                  f *= i;
            return log10(f);
      }
      else                                /* Large, use approximation   */
      {
            return log10(SQRT2PI)+((N + 0.5) *
                  (log10(sqrt(N * N + N + ONESIXTH) / exp(1))));
      }
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      double f, lf;
      char *dummy;

      while (--argc)
      {
            f  = strtod((const char *)(*(++argv)), &dummy);
            lf = log10factorial(f);
            if (171.0 > f)
                  printf("%.14g! = %.14g\n", f, pow(10.0, lf));
            else
            {
                  printf("%.14g! = %.14ge+%ld\n", f,
                        pow(10.0, dfrac(lf)), (long)dround(lf));
            }
      }
      lf = log10C(1000000,750000);
      printf("\nJust to dazzle with you with big numbers:\n"
            "C(1000000,750000) = %.14ge+%ld\n",
            pow(10.0, dfrac(lf)), (long)dround(lf));
      lf = log10P(1000000,750000);
      printf("\n...once more:\n"
            "P(1000000,750000) = %.14ge+%ld\n",
            pow(10.0, dfrac(lf)), (long)dround(lf));
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/keywatch.c0000755000076400001440000001232107055334035016260 /* keywatch.c 12-29-91 Robert Mashlan, Public Domain                *\

   DOS compiler portability modifications added by Bob Stout,
   1:106/2000.6

   This program monitors the keyboard interrupt, and stores the
   status of each key as to whether it is pressed or released.

   This is done by capturing interrupt 9, and watching the make/break
   codes.  The status is updated in the keys array, where 1 means
   that the key is pressed, while 0 means the key is released.  The
   key array is uses the scan code for an index instead of the ascii
   character.  It is simple enough to find the scan code for a key,
   just run this program and watch the display.

   The ekeys array will reflect the status of keys found on an AT
   keyboard.  For instance, the left and right alt keys are
   differentiated, as well as the edit control keys on the numeric
   keypad and the one not on the numeric keypad.

   Since this program installs an interrupt handler, it should be
   terminated normally, such the keyboard handler can be removed.
   The ^C/^Break exit is captured via signal(), but all possible
   exits should be trapped.

\*                                                                  */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define BYTE unsigned char
#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #define _interrupt interrupt
 #define _far far
 #define IN_PORT(port)           inportb(port)
 #define IN_PORTW(port)          inport(port)
 #define OUT_PORT(port, val)     outportb(port, val)
 #define OUT_PORTW(port, val)    outport(port, val)
#else
 #if defined(__ZTC__)
  #include 
 #else /* MSC, QC, Watcom */
  #define getvect(n) _dos_getvect(n)
  #define setvect(n,v) _dos_setvect(n,v)
 #endif
 #define IN_PORT(port)           inp(port)
 #define IN_PORTW(port)          inpw(port)
 #define OUT_PORT(port, val)     outp(port, val)
 #define OUT_PORTW(port, val)    outpw(port, val)
#endif

volatile char keys[128];           /* array of key states           */
volatile char ekeys[128];          /* array of AT key states        */

#define KEYPORT        0x60        /* keyboard scan code port       */
#define keyport()      IN_PORT(KEYPORT)
        /* macro that returns the scancode of the key that caused   */
        /* the interrupt                                            */

/* Define:                                                          *\

   installisr()
         installation macro, installs newkbisr() in the keyboard
         interrupt chain

   removeisr()
         removal macro, call to remove newkbisr() from interrupt
         chain.  oldkbisr()  must be removed before program ends
\*                                                                  */

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #define installisr() int_intercept(0x09, newkbisr, 0)
 #define removeisr()  int_restore(0x09);
#else
 #define installisr()  (oldkbisr=getvect(0x09),setvect(0x09,newkbisr))
 #define removeisr()   setvect(0x09,oldkbisr)
 #ifdef __TURBOC__
  void _interrupt (_far *oldkbisr)(void);    /* address of old ISR   */
 #else
  void (_interrupt _far *oldkbisr)(void);    /* address of old ISR   */
 #endif
#endif

#ifdef __ZTC__
 int newkbisr(struct INT_DATA *pd)
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 void _interrupt newkbisr(void)
#else
 void _interrupt _far newkbisr(void)
#endif
{
      static extkey;
      BYTE scancode = (BYTE)keyport();         /* read keyboard scan code */

      if (scancode == 0xe0)
            extkey = 1;               /* use ekey array on next scan code */
      else
      {
            if (scancode & 0x80)                          /* key released */
                  (extkey ? ekeys : keys)[scancode & 0x7f] = 0;
            else  (extkey ? ekeys : keys)[scancode] = 1;
            extkey = 0;
      }

#ifdef __ZTC__
      return 0;                         /* chain to previous keyboard ISR */
#else
      oldkbisr();                       /* chain to previous keyboard ISR */
#endif
}

int keyspressed(void)           /* returns number of keys being held down */
{
      int i, result = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
      {
            result += keys[i];
            result += ekeys[i];
      }
      return result;
}

int main(void)
{
      int lastkeycount = 0;

      signal(SIGINT,SIG_IGN);  /* ingnore ^C and ^Break */
      installisr();            /* install interrupt handler */
      while(1)
      {
            int i;

            if (keyspressed() != lastkeycount) /* change in keystatus */
            {
                  lastkeycount = keyspressed();
                  puts("---");
                  for(i = 0; i < 128; i++)
                  {
                        if (keys[i])
                              printf("key with scan code %02x "
                                    "has been pressed\n", i);
                        if (ekeys[i])
                              printf("key with scan codes e0 %02x "
                                    "had been pressed\n", i);
                  }
            }
            if (kbhit() && getch()==0x1b) /* terminate when Esc pressed */
                  break;
      }
      removeisr();   /* remove interrupt handler */
      return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/drvalid.c0000755000076400001440000000721207055333735016077 /*
**  DRVALID.C - validate disk drives
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
**
**  Uses ABSDISKC.C and ABSDISK.ASM in SNIPPETS.
*/

#include 
#include 

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FALSE = 0, TRUE} LOGICAL;

/*
**  Function to read an absolute disk sector
*/

int AbsDiskRead(unsigned short, size_t, size_t, void *);

/*
**  getdrv()
**
**  Just as getcwd() returns the default directory, getdrv() returns
**  the current drive.
**
**  Arguments: None.
**
**  Returns:   Current drive (0 = A:, 1 = B:, etc.)
**
**  Side effects: none
*/

int getdrv(void)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x19;
      intdos(®s, ®s);
      return (regs.h.al);
}

/*
**  chdrv()
**
**  Like chdir(), except changes drives rather than directories.
**
**  Arguments: 1 - target drive (0 = A:, 1 = B:, etc.)
**
**  Returns: SUCCESS or ERROR
**
**  Side effects: none
*/

LOGICAL chdrv(int drive)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 0x0e;
      regs.h.dl = (char)drive;
      intdos(®s, ®s);
      if (drive != getdrv())
            return ERROR;
      else  return SUCCESS;
}

/*
**  drvalid()
**
**  Verifies whether a logical disk drive is available without
**  triggering the DOS critical error handler.
**
**  Arguments: 1 - target drive (0 = A;, 1 = B:, etc.)
**
**  Returns:   TRUE  - drive is valid
**             FALSE - drive is invalid
**
**  Side effects: none
*/

LOGICAL drvalid(int drive)
{
      int original, result;

      original = getdrv();
      result   = (SUCCESS == chdrv(drive));
      chdrv(original);
      return result;
}

/*
**  drvrdy()
**
**  Checks whether a drive with removable media is ready.
**
**  Arguments: 1 - target drive (0 = A;, 1 = B:, etc.)
**
**  Returns:   TRUE  - drive is ready
**             FALSE - drive is not ready
**             ERROR - other read error
**
**  Side effects: none
*/

LOGICAL drvrdy(int drive)
{
      int status;
      char buf[2048];         /* nice & roomy   */

      status = AbsDiskRead(drive, 1, 0, buf);
      if (0 == status)
            return TRUE;
      status &= 0xff;
      if (2 == status)
            return FALSE;
      else  return ERROR;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int drive;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: DRVALID drive[:]");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      drive = toupper(*argv[1]);
      if (!isalpha(drive))
      {
            puts("Error: Invalid drive name");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      printf("Drive %c: is %svalid\n", drive,
            drvalid(drive - 'A') ? "" : "not ");
      if (2 < _osmajor)
      {
            union REGS regs;

            regs.x.ax = 0x4408;
            regs.h.bl = (unsigned char)(drive - '@');
            intdos(®s, ®s);
            printf("ioctl returned Cflag=%s\n",
                  regs.x.cflag ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
            printf("ioctl returned AX=0x%X\n", regs.x.ax);
            printf("Drive %c is%s removable\n", drive,
                  regs.x.ax ? " not" : "");
            if (0 == regs.x.ax)
            {
                  printf("Drive %c is %sready\n", drive,
                        drvrdy(drive - 'A') ? "" : "not ");
            }
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pdn.lst0000755000076400001440000002457307055334133015615 1/11/94         =-=-=-=-PDN BBS List-=-=-=-=

This list represents members of the Programmer's Distribution Network who
have indicated to me that they will accept file requests for PDN files, or
Downloads on the first call, or downloads after a validation program.  This
list is by no means all-inclusive, but represents only those who have let me
know via netmail that they would like to be on the list.

See *Note below for FTP access.

KEY:
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CSP : Compucom CSP                     ZYX : ZyXEL 16.8k V.32bis
Z19 : ZyXEL 19.2k V.32bis              A21 : USR 21.6 ASL extension of v32terb

FQ:   U=Unlisted OK,   L=only in nodelist  N=No freqs 4=4d pts allowed
DL:   Y=on first call, V=after validation, L=Long Distance Validation N=n/a
PDN:  PDNAI   =  I    PDNLANG   = L PDNCEE  =  C    PDNOTHER  = T PDNWIN = W
      PDNASM  =  A    PDNNEWS   = E PDNGNDOS=  D    PDNPASCL  = P PDNVBWIN=N
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      X = All areas   !n = Not this area, but all others where n=above code
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Node: FidoNet Node Number or UL=not in nodelist


= *USA* ================================================================
St:     Phone:         Type:     Fq: DL:   PDN  Hrs:           Node:
==========================================================================
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NC      1-919-286-4542 ZYX  V32B U   V       X  A              1:3641/224
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WY      1-307-682-6944 HST  V32B L   Y  ABCPTL  00:30-24:00A   1:15/24


= *Australia* ==============================================================
St:     Phone:         Type:     Fq: DL:   PDN  Hrs:           Node:
==========================================================================
VIC     61-3-338-3794   V32      Y   Y       X  A              3:635/544
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Innaloo 61-9-244-2111   V32      Y   V       X  A              3:690/0
Essendn 61-3-301-1877   V32      Y   N/A     X  A              3:50/99


= *Austria* ==============================================================
Vienna   43-1-290-3658 Z19  V32B U   Y       X  A              2:310/24


= *Belgium* ==============================================================
Antwerp  32-3-2343790  V32B V42B U   Y       X  A              2:292/855


= *Canada* ===============================================================
Ontario 1-613-837-0413      V32B U   V       X  A              1:163/319
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= *Denmark* ==============================================================
St:     Phone:         Type:     Fq: DL:  PDN  Hrs:           Node:
==========================================================================
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=France ==================================================================
Wervicq-Sud 33-20392225 H16 V32B L   V       X  A              2:322/2
Wervicq-Sud 33-20399342 H16 V32B L   V       X  A              2:322/3
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= Germany ================================================================
Kronberg+49-6173-1499   H14/V32B U   V     X  08-18/19-24     2:244/1540
Kronberg+49-6173-940246 Z19/V32B U   V     X  06-24           2:244/1541


= Italy =================================================================
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= *Netherlands* =========================================================
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                                       2:283/309
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                        V32B V42B
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Zwijndrecht 31-78-196010 ZYX     U   N     X  4:01-23:00 UTC  2:285/304


= *Sweden* ===============================================================
Lerum     46-302-16565      V32B U   V     X 07:00-23:00      2:203/311
==========================================================================

*Note:
  PDN Files are available via Anonymous-FTP from ftpbone@ftp.fidonet.org (and
  mirrored to ftpbone.halcyon.com) in the pub/fidonet/pdn directories.  IP
  Address 140.98.2.1

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If you carry the Programmer's Distribution Network and would like to be added
to this list, please send netmail to Janis Kracht 1:272/38, <

#define NUM_OF_PRNTRS 6

FILE *printer[NUM_OF_PRNTRS] = {stdprn};

/*
**  assign_printer()
**
**  Call with printer number and device name
**
**     printer number should be in the range of 0 to NUM_OF_PRNTRS-1
**     device should be "LPT1", "LPT2", "LPT3", "COM1", COM2", or a log file
**
**  Returns 0 if successful, -1 if error
**
**  Then do all printer output with fprintf(), fputs(), fputc(), etc.
**  using printer[printer_number] as the output stream
*/

int cdecl assign_printer(int number, char *device)
{
      FILE *fp;

      if (NUM_OF_PRNTRS <= number || NULL == (fp = fopen(device, "w")))
            return -1;
      printer[number] = fp;
      return 0;
}

#ifdef TEST                                     /* Test code follows    */

main()
{                                       /* Leave printer[0] = stdprn    */
      assign_printer(1, "CON");         /* Set printer[1] to the screen */
      assign_printer(2, "p.log");       /* Set printer[2] to log file   */
      fputs("This is a printer test\n", printer[0]);
      fputs("This is a screen test\n", printer[1]);
      fputs("This is a log test\n", printer[2]);
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/8087_sav.asm0000755000076400001440000000546607055333631016273 ; By: Jeffrey Nonken 

        page    60,132
        .286

_text   segment byte public 'code'
_text   ends
_data   segment  word public 'data'
_data   ends
const   segment  word public 'const'
const   ends
_bss    segment  word public 'bss'
_bss    ends
dgroup  group   const,  _bss,   _data
        assume  cs: _text, ds: nothing

_data   segment  word public 'data'
        even
env_8087        dw      47 dup (?)
norm_8087       dw      177fh
_data   ends

_text   segment byte public 'code'
;
; This code saves the 80x87 enviroment and sets up our own. First, this
; assumes you are running an 80287; the 8087 may require more FWAIT
; operations. Second, I decided that I didn't want to handle exceptions, so
; I simply disabled them. That means that if the 80x87 gets an invalid result
; (such as divide-by-zero) the 80x87 will continue to run and will produce
; invalid results until the end of your current calculation. Anything that
; depends on the results will, of course, also be invalid. If you want
; exceptions to be handled, get documentation for the 80x87 and you will
; see how to set norm_8087 (above) to suit your needs. If you are running
; an 8087 and don't know where to put FWAIT instructions, you can always
; add one after each floating-point instruction. NOTE: FWAIT is synonymous
; to WAIT. They are the same instruction.
;
; This was written for TURBO C and will also work with MSC. It should work
; with any programming language with no more than minor changes in the
; label names or the interface. Consult your compiler manual for more detail.
; I wrote this so it would work with either the tiny or small models.
; Actually, it will probably work with any of the models. You should be
; able to assemble this with MASM and link it right in.
;
; extern save_8087();
; extern restore_8087();
;
        public  _save_8087
_save_8087      proc    near
        cli                             ; no interruptions!
        lea     bx,dgroup:env_8087      ; point to save area
        fwait                           ; make sure processor is ready
        fnsave  [bx]                    ; save the 8087 environment
        lea     bx,dgroup:norm_8087     ; point to our new 8087 setup
        mov     ax,[bx]                 ; get it
        fldcw   [bx]                    ; set it
        fwait
        sti                             ; restore interrupts
        ret
_save_8087      endp

        public  _restore_8087
_restore_8087   proc    near
        cli                             ; no interruptions!
        lea     bx,dgroup:env_8087      ; point to saved 8087 stuff
        frstor  [bx]                    ; restore the 8087 environment
        sti                             ; restore interrupts
        ret
_restore_8087   endp

_text   ends

        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ext_keys.c0000755000076400001440000000254607055333752016311 /*
**  ext_getch()
**
**  A getch() work-alike for use with extended keyboards.
**
**  Parameters: none
**
**  Returns: Extended key code as follows:
**           0->255     Normal key
**           256->511   Numeric pad key or Function key
**           512->767   Cursor pad key or Numeric pad
**                      "duplicate" key (Enter, /, *, -, +)
**
**  Original Copyright 1992 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/
 
#include 
#include 
 
#define LoByte(x) ((unsigned char)((x) & 0xff))
#define HiByte(x) ((unsigned char)((unsigned short)(x) >> 8))
 
int ext_getch(void)
{
      int key;
      union REGS regs;
 
      regs.h.ah = 0x10;
      int86(0x16, ®s, ®s);
      key = regs.x.ax;
 
      switch (LoByte(key))
      {
      case 0:
            key = HiByte(key) + 256;
            break;
 
      case 0xe0:
            key = HiByte(key) + 512;
            break;
  
      default:
            if (0xe0 == HiByte(key))
                  key = LoByte(key) + 512;
            else
            {
                  if (ispunct(LoByte(key)) && HiByte(key) > 0x36)
                        key = LoByte(key) + 512;
                  else  key = LoByte(key);
            }
      }
      return key;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ext_keys.h0000755000076400001440000000616307055333753016316 /*
**  ext_getch() header file.
**
**  ext_getch() returns:
**
**           0->255     Normal key
**           256->511   Numeric pad key or Function key
**           512->767   Cursor pad key or Numeric pad
**                      "duplicate" key (Enter, /, *, -, +)
*/
 
int ext_getch(void);
 
#define Key_F1          0x13b       /* Function keys              */
#define Key_F2          0x13c
#define Key_F3          0x13d
#define Key_F4          0x13e
#define Key_F5          0x13f
#define Key_F6          0x140
#define Key_F7          0x141
#define Key_F8          0x142
#define Key_F9          0x143
#define Key_F10         0x144
#define Key_F11         0x185
#define Key_F12         0x186
#define Key_CF1         0x15e       /* Ctrl-Function keys         */
#define Key_CF2         0x15f
#define Key_CF3         0x160
#define Key_CF4         0x161
#define Key_CF5         0x162
#define Key_CF6         0x163
#define Key_CF7         0x164
#define Key_CF8         0x165
#define Key_CF9         0x166
#define Key_CF10        0x167
#define Key_CF11        0x189
#define Key_CF12        0x18a
#define Key_SF1         0x154       /* Shift-Function keys        */
#define Key_SF2         0x155
#define Key_SF3         0x156
#define Key_SF4         0x157
#define Key_SF5         0x158
#define Key_SF6         0x159
#define Key_SF7         0x15a
#define Key_SF8         0x15b
#define Key_SF9         0x15c
#define Key_SF10        0x15d
#define Key_SF11        0x187
#define Key_SF12        0x188
#define Key_AF1         0x168       /* Alt-Function keys          */
#define Key_AF2         0x169
#define Key_AF3         0x16a
#define Key_AF4         0x16b
#define Key_AF5         0x16c
#define Key_AF6         0x16d
#define Key_AF7         0x16e
#define Key_AF8         0x16f
#define Key_AF9         0x170
#define Key_AF10        0x171
#define Key_AF11        0x18b
#define Key_AF12        0x18c
#define Key_INS         0x152       /* Numeric pad keys           */
#define Key_DEL         0x153
#define Key_HOME        0x147
#define Key_END         0x14f
#define Key_PGUP        0x149
#define Key_PGDN        0x151
#define Key_UPARROW     0x148
#define Key_DNARROW     0x150
#define Key_LTARROW     0x14b
#define Key_RARROW      0x14d
#define Key_PADMIDDLE   0x14c
#define Key_PADEQ       0x3d
#define Key_PADPLUS     0x22b
#define Key_PADMINUS    0x22d
#define Key_PADASTERISK 0x22a
#define Key_PADSLASH    0x22f
#define Key_C1          0x175       /* Ctrl-Numeric pad keys      */
#define Key_C2          0x191
#define Key_C3          0x176
#define Key_C4          0x173
#define Key_C5          0x18f
#define Key_C6          0x174
#define Key_C7          0x177
#define Key_C8          0x18d
#define Key_C9          0x184
#define Key_PINS        0x252       /* Cursor pad keys            */
#define Key_PDEL        0x253
#define Key_PHOME       0x247
#define Key_PEND        0x24f
#define Key_PPGUP       0x249
#define Key_PPGDN       0x251
#define Key_PUPARROW    0x248
#define Key_PDNARROW    0x250
#define Key_PLTARROW    0x24b
#define Key_PRTARROW    0x24d
 
#define Key_ESC         0x1b
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fmtmoney.c0000755000076400001440000000502407055333764016311 /*
**  FMTMONEY.C - Format a U.S. dollar value into a numeric string
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define Form(s,a) bufptr += sprintf(bufptr, s, a)

static char buf[256], *bufptr;

static char *units[] = {"Zero", "One", "Two", "Three", "Four",
                        "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Eight", "Nine",
                        "Ten", "Eleven", "Twelve", "Thirteen", "Fourteen",
                        "Fifteen", "Sixteen", "Seventeen", "Eighteen",
                        "Nineteen"},

            *tens[]  = {"Twenty", "Thirty", "Forty", "Fifty", "Sixty",
                        "Seventy", "Eighty", "Ninety"};

static void form_group(int, char *);

/*
**  Call with double amount
**  Rounds cents
**  Returns string in a static buffer
*/

char *fmt_money(double amt)
{
      int temp;
      double dummy, cents = modf(amt, &dummy);

      *buf = '\0';
      bufptr = buf;

      temp = (int)(amt/1E12);
      if (temp)
      {
            form_group(temp, "Trillion");
            amt = fmod(amt, 1E12);
      }

      temp = (int)(amt/1E9);
      if (temp)
      {
            form_group(temp, "Billion");
            amt = fmod(amt, 1E9);
      }

      temp = (int)(amt/1E6);
      if (temp)
      {
            form_group(temp, "Million");
            amt = fmod(amt, 1E6);
      }

      temp = (int)(amt/1E3);
      if (temp)
      {
            form_group(temp, "Thousand");
            amt = fmod(amt, 1E3);
      }
      form_group((int)amt, "");

      if (buf == bufptr)
            Form("%s ", units[0]);

      temp = (int)(cents * 100. + .5);
      sprintf(bufptr, "& %02d/100", temp);

      return buf;
}

/*
**  Process each thousands group
*/

static void form_group(int amt, char *scale)
{
      if (buf != bufptr)
            *bufptr++ = ' ';

      if (100 <= amt)
      {
            Form("%s Hundred ", units[amt/100]);
            amt %= 100;
      }
      if (20 <= amt)
      {
            Form("%s", tens[(amt - 20)/10]);
            if (0 != (amt %= 10))
            {
                  Form("-%s ", units[amt]);
            }
                else    Form("%s", " ");
      }
      else if (amt)
      {
            Form("%s ", units[amt]);
      }

      Form("%s", scale);
}

#ifdef TEST

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      double amt = atof(argv[1]);

      printf("fmt_money(%g) = %s\n", amt, fmt_money(amt));
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/weird.c0000755000076400001440000000042507055334332015555 #include

char *c[] = { "ENTER", "NEW", "POINT", "FIRST" };
char **cp[] = { c+3, c+2, c+1, c };
char ***cpp = cp;

void main()
{
    printf("%s", **++cpp);
    printf("%s ", *--*++cpp+3);
    printf("%s", *cpp[-2]+3);
    printf("%s\n", cpp[-1][-1]+1);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/os_id.c0000755000076400001440000000557207055334124015547 /*
**  OS_ID.C
**
**  based upon a public domain work by David Gibbs
*/

#define TEST
#define OS_ID_MAIN
#include "os_id.h"
#include 

struct i_os_ver id_os_ver[TOT_OS];
int id_os_type;
int id_os;

const char *id_os_name[TOT_OS] = {
      "DOS",
      "OS/2 DOS",
      "DESQview",
      "Windows Std",
      "Windows 386"
      };

int get_os (void)
{
      union REGS t_regs;
      int osmajor, osminor;

      id_os_type = 0;
      id_os = 0;

      /* test for DOS or OS/2 */

      t_regs.h.ah = 0x30;
      int86(0x21, &t_regs, &t_regs);
      osmajor = t_regs.h.al;
      osminor = t_regs.h.ah;

      if (osmajor < 10)
      {
            id_os_ver[DOS].maj = osmajor;
            id_os_ver[DOS].min = osminor;
            id_os_type = id_os_type | is_DOS;
      }
      else
      {
            /* OS/2 v1.x DOS Box returns 0x0A */

            id_os_type = id_os_type | is_OS2;

            /* OS/2 v2.x DOS Box returns 0x14 */

            id_os_ver[OS2].maj = osmajor/10;
            id_os_ver[OS2].min = osminor;
      }

      /* test for Windows */

      t_regs.x.ax = 0x4680;
      int86(0x2F, &t_regs, &t_regs);

      if (t_regs.x.ax == 0x0000)
      {
            id_os_ver[WINS].maj = 3;
            id_os_ver[WINS].min = 0;
            id_os_type = id_os_type | is_WINS;
      }
      else
      {
            t_regs.x.ax = 0x1600 ;
            int86(0x2F, &t_regs, &t_regs);

            switch (t_regs.h.al)
            {
            case 0x00 :
            case 0x80 :
            case 0x01 :
            case 0xFF :
                  break;

            default   :
                  id_os_type = id_os_type | is_WIN3;
                  id_os_ver[WIN3].maj = t_regs.h.al;
                  id_os_ver[WIN3].min = t_regs.h.ah;
                  break ;
            }  /* endswitch  */
      } /* endif */

      /* Test for DESQview */

      t_regs.x.cx = 0x4445;                /* load incorrect date */
      t_regs.x.dx = 0x5351;
      t_regs.x.ax = 0x2B01;                /*  DV set up call     */

      intdos(&t_regs, &t_regs);
      if (t_regs.h.al != 0xFF)
      {
            id_os_type = id_os_type | is_DV;
            id_os_ver[DV].maj = t_regs.h.bh;
            id_os_ver[DV].min = t_regs.h.bl;
      }

      if (id_os_type & is_DOS)
            id_os = DOS;
      if (id_os_type & is_WINS)
            id_os = WINS;
      if (id_os_type & is_WIN3)
            id_os = WIN3;
      if (id_os_type & is_DV)
            id_os = DV;
      if (id_os_type & is_OS2)
            id_os = OS2;

      return(id_os);
}


#ifdef TEST

#include 

int main(void)
{
      int ostype = get_os();

      printf("%s version %d.%d\n",
            id_os_name[ostype],
            id_os_ver[ostype].maj,
            id_os_ver[ostype].min);

      return(0);
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/os_id.h0000755000076400001440000000140507055334126015545 /*
**  OS_ID.H
**
**  Based upon a public domain work by David Gibbs
*/

#ifndef OS_ID_H
#define OS_ID_H

struct i_os_ver
{
  int maj;
  int min;
};

#define DOS     0
#define OS2     1
#define DV      2
#define WINS    3
#define WIN3    4
#define TOT_OS  5

                        /*   76543210  */
#define is_DOS  0x01    /* b'00000001' */
#define is_OS2  0x02    /* b'00000010' */
#define is_DV   0x04    /* b'00000100' */
#define is_WINS 0x08    /* b'00001000' */
#define is_WIN3 0x10    /* b'00010000' */

#ifndef OS_ID_MAIN
  extern int id_os_type;
  extern int id_os;
  extern const char *id_os_name[TOT_OS];
  extern struct id_os_ver i_os_ver[TOT_OS];
#endif

/* Function prototypes */
int get_os();

#endif /* OS_ID_H */

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ctrlprnt.c0000755000076400001440000000144707055333715016324 /*
**  Print a line of text, displaying Ctrl characters using leading carets
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

void ctrl_print(char *line)
{
      while (*line)
      {
            if (' ' > *line)
            {
                  putchar('^');
                  putchar('@' + (*line++));
            }
            else  putchar(*line++);
      }
      if (!strcmp((line - 2), "\x0d\x0a") || !strcmp((line - 2), "\x0a\x0d"))
            putchar('\n');
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

void main(void)
{
      char *p, *test = "This is a test";

      for (p = strupr(test); *p; ++p)
      {
            if (isalpha(*p))
                  *p = *p - 64;
      }
      ctrl_print(test);
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/changprn.c0000755000076400001440000000220307055333675016250 /*
**  change_prn()
**
**  A function to change the standard printer device for the duration
**  of a program. Valid new device codes are:
**
**      0 - LPT1
**      1 - LPT2
**      2 - LPT3
**      3 - COM1
**      4 - COM2
**      5 - CON
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include 

int change_prn(int device)
{
      char *newdev;

      switch (device)
      {
      case 0:
            newdev = "LPT1";
            break;
      case 1:
            newdev = "LPT2";
            break;
      case 2:
            newdev = "LPT3";
            break;
      case 3:
            newdev = "COM1";
            break;
      case 4:
            newdev = "COM2";
            break;
      case 5:
            newdev = "CON";
            break;
      default:
            return -1;
      }
      return (NULL == freopen(newdev, "w", stdprn));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/absdisk.asm0000755000076400001440000000422607055333633016427         page    55, 132

;
;  ABSDISK.ASM
;
;  Originally published as part of The MicroFirm Function Library
;  This version released to the public domain by the author, Bob Stout
;
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...
;

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via
                                        ;command line macro,
                                        ;e.g. MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE ...
        extrn   _osmajor:BYTE
        public  absdisk

        .DATA
start   dw      ?
fill    dw      0
number  dw      ?
buf     dw      ?,?

        .CODE
absdisk PROC USES SI DI BP, func:BYTE, drive:WORD, num_sec:WORD, start_sec:WORD, buffer:PTR
        mov     AX,drive        ;Get drive number in AL
        mov     AH,_osmajor     ;Load OS version in AH
        mov     CX,num_sec      ;Set up regs for DOS 3 call
        mov     DX,start_sec
    IF  @DataSize
        push    DS              ;Save DS in L & C models
        lds     BX,buffer
    ELSE
        mov     BX,buffer
    ENDIF
        cmp     AH,4            ;DOS 4+?
        jb      doint           ;No, skip it
        mov     start,DX        ;Yes, fill in DCB structure
        mov     number,CX
        mov     buf,BX
        mov     buf+2,DS
        mov     cx,-1
    IF  @DataSize               ;Point to DCB
        mov     BX,@Data
        mov     DS,BX
    ENDIF
        mov     bx,OFFSET start
doint:  mov     AH,func         ;Read or Write?
        cmp     AH,25h
        jne     skip_1
        int     25h             ;Read sector
        jmp     skip_3
skip_1: cmp     AH,26h
        jne     skip_2
        int     26h             ;Write sector
        jmp     skip_3
skip_2: stc                     ;Invalid command
        mov     AX,-1
skip_3: jc      bye             ;Error?
        mov     AX,0            ;No, return SUCCESS
bye:    add     SP,2            ;Int 25h leave the flags on the stack
    IF  @DataSize
        pop     DS              ;Restore DS in L & C models
    ENDIF
        ret

absdisk ENDP  

        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/flnorm.c0000755000076400001440000001143507055333762015751 /*
**  FLNORM.C - Normalize DOS file names
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include 
#include 
#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include 
#else
 #include 
#endif
#include 
#include 

#define MAX_FLEN 67
#define LAST_CHAR(string) (((char *)string)[strlen(string)-1])

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

/*
**  NOTE: Uses the following functions, also in SNIPPETS!
*/

int chdrv(int);                           /* In DRVALID.C   */
char *unix2dos(char *);                   /* In UNIX2DOS.C  */
char *fln_fix(char *);                    /* In FLN_FIX.C   */

int flnorm(char *in_name, char *out_name)
{
      LOGICAL dir_flag = FALSE, new_drv = FALSE, root_flag;
      int status = 0, level = 0;
      char *p, *out;
      static char drive[2][3];
      static char file[14];
      static char I_am_here[MAX_FLEN];
      static char I_am_there[MAX_FLEN];
      static char remember[MAX_FLEN];

      getcwd(I_am_here, MAX_FLEN);
      if (!in_name || !in_name[0])
      {
            strcpy(out_name, I_am_here);
            goto ERRexit;
      }
      strncpy(drive[0], I_am_here, 2);
      drive[0][2] = '\0';
      if (':' == in_name[1])
      {     /* If a drive is specified                            */
            if (chdrv(in_name[0]))
            {     /* If the drive is invalid                      */
                  status = ERROR;
                  goto ERRexit;
            }
            new_drv = TRUE;
            getcwd(remember, MAX_FLEN);
            strncpy(drive[1], remember, 2);
            drive[1][2] = '\0';
      }
      else
      {     /* If a drive isn't specified                         */
            if (NULL != (p = strchr(in_name, ':')))
            {     /* If filename is illegal                       */
                  status = ERROR;
                  goto ERRexit;
            }
      }
      unix2dos(in_name);
      if (new_drv)
      {
            if ('\\' == in_name[2])
                  strcpy(out_name, drive[1]);
            else
            {
                  strcpy(out_name, remember);
                  if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(remember))
                        strcat(out_name, "\\");
            }
      }
      else
      {
            strcpy(out_name, drive[0]);
            if ('\\' != *in_name)
            {
                  strcat(out_name, I_am_here);
                  if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(I_am_here))
                        strcat(out_name, "\\");
            }
      }
      strcat(out_name, &in_name[(new_drv) ? 2 : 0]);
      fln_fix(out_name);
      out = &out_name[2];
      if (!(*out))
            goto ERRexit;
      while ('\\' == LAST_CHAR(out))
      {     /* Strip trailing `\'s                                */
            LAST_CHAR(out_name) = '\0';
            dir_flag = TRUE;
      }
      if (!(*out))
      {
            if (dir_flag)
            {
                  strcat(out, "\\");
                  goto ERRexit;
            }
            else  goto BADPATH;
      }
      if (NULL != (p = strrchr(out_name, '\\')))
            strcpy(file, p);        /* Save filename              */
      if (chdir(out))
      {     /* If can't move to path                              */
            if ((!dir_flag) && p)
            {     /* If there was a separate path                 */
                  *p = '\0';
                  if (!(*out))
                  {     /* Back at the root, handle it            */
                        strcpy(p, "\\");
                        strcpy(file, &file[1]);
                  }
                  if (chdir(out))
                  {     /* If we can't move to path               */
                        *p = '\\';
                        goto BADPATH;
                  }
                  ++level;          /* Flag we stripped name      */
            }
            else
            {     /* No path as specified                         */
                  if (p)
                  {
BADPATH:                status = ERROR;
                        goto ERRexit;
                  }
            }
      }
      getcwd(I_am_there, MAX_FLEN); /* Get normalized path        */
      strupr(I_am_there);
      strcpy(out_name, I_am_there);
      if (level)
            strcat(out_name, file);
ERRexit:
      if (new_drv)
      {
            chdir(remember);
            chdrv(I_am_here[0]);
      }
      chdir(I_am_here);
      if (status)
            out_name[0] = '\0';
      return status;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rmallws.c0000755000076400001440000000106607055334212016123 /*
**  Originally published as part of the MicroFirm Function Library
**
**  Copyright 1986, S.E. Margison
**  Copyright 1989, Robert B.Stout
**
**  Subset version released to the public domain, 1991
**
**  remove all whitespace from a string
*/

#include 
#include 

#define NUL '\0'

char *rmallws(char *str)
{
      char *obuf, *nbuf;

      for (obuf = str, nbuf = str; *obuf && obuf; ++obuf)
      {
            if (!isspace(*obuf))
                  *nbuf++ = *obuf;
      }
      *nbuf = NUL;
      return str;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ansiflen.c0000755000076400001440000000116407055333636016251 /*
**  FLENGTH.C - a simple function using all ANSI-standard functions
**              to determine the size of a file.
**
**  Public domain by Bob Jarvis.
*/

#include 

long flength(char *fname)
{
      FILE *fptr;
      long length = -1L;

      fptr = fopen(fname, "rb");
      if(fptr != NULL)
      {
            fseek(fptr, 0L, SEEK_END);
            length = ftell(fptr);
            fclose(fptr);
      }

      return length;
}

#ifdef TEST

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      printf("Length of %s = %ld\n", argv[0], flength(argv[0]));
      return 0;
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/myio.cpp0000755000076400001440000000712707055334115015765 // Myio.cpp
// Simple I/O class to demonstrate use of C++ iostream
// facilities in a customised environment
// Written by David L Nugent, June 1993

# include 
# include 
# include "Myio.h"
# include "Mystream.h"

Myio::Myio (int sz)
    : bufsize(sz), bufchars(0), bufidx(0),
      bufaddr(new char[bufsize]), mystream(0)
{}

Myio::~Myio (void)
{
    delete bufaddr;
    delete mystream;
}

iostream &
Myio::stream (void)
{
    if (!mystream)      // Create a stream if required
        mystream = new Mystream(this);
    return *mystream;
}

int         // Simple write function into a circular buffer
Myio::write (char const * buf, int len)
{
    int avail = (bufsize - bufchars);   // See how many fit
    if (len > avail)
    {
        len = avail;
        stat |= Myio::overflow;         // Only partial write
    }
    else
        stat &= ~Myio::overflow;
    avail = bufsize - bufidx;           // Caculate room at end
    if (avail > len)
        avail = len;
    if (avail)
    {
        memcpy (bufaddr + bufidx, buf, avail);
        bufidx += avail;                // Update the put index
        buf += avail;                   // And the input pointer
    }
    if (bufidx >= bufsize)              // Wrap buffer to start
        bufidx = 0;
    avail = len - avail;                // See if there is any more to go
    if (avail)
    {
        memcpy (bufaddr + bufidx, buf, avail);
        bufidx += avail;                // Update the put index
    }
    bufchars += len;
    return (_pcount = len);
}

int         // Simple read function from a circular buffer
Myio::read (char * buf, int len)
{
    if (len > bufchars)                 // Adjust for available bytes
    {
        len = bufchars;
        stat |= Myio::underflow;        // Got an underflow (partial read)
    }
    else
        stat &= ~Myio::underflow;       // Clear underflow flag
    int startidx = bufidx - bufchars;   // Determine start get position
    if (startidx < 0)
        startidx += bufsize;            // Adjust for wrap
    int avail = bufsize - startidx;     // Check room at end of buffer
    if (avail > len)                    // Adjust down if necessary
        avail = len;
    if (avail)                          // Copy first section
    {
        memcpy (buf, bufaddr + startidx, avail);
        startidx += avail;              // Adjust start index
        buf += avail;                   // Adjust output pointer
    }
    if (startidx >= bufsize)            // Wrap buffer to start
        startidx = 0;
    avail = len - avail;                // See if there is any more to go
    if (avail)                          // If so, copy the rest
        memcpy (buf, bufaddr + startidx, avail);
    bufchars -= len;                    // Adjust character count
    return (_gcount = len);
}

Myio &
operator<< (Myio & m, char const * ptr)
{
    m.write (ptr, strlen (ptr));
    return m;
}

int
Myio::dump (void) const
{
    if (bufchars)
    {
        char * tmp = new char[bufchars + 2];
        int idx = bufidx - bufchars;
        if (idx < 0)
            idx += bufsize;
        for (int i = 0; i < bufchars; )
        {
            if (idx >= bufsize)
                idx = 0;
            tmp[i++] = bufaddr[idx++];
        }
        if (i)
        {
            if (tmp[i-1] != '\n')   // Terminate with NL
                tmp[i++] = '\n';
            tmp[i] = 0;
            cout << "---\n"
                 << tmp
                 << "---\n";
        }
        delete tmp;
    }
    return bufchars;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/myio.mak0000755000076400001440000000420407055334117015746 ##
# Makefile for Myio project
# Created on 06/13/93 at 09:47 after a long night
##

##### MSDOS & OS/2 extensions #####

X = .cpp
O = .obj
E = .EXE

##### UNIX ####

#X = .cc
#O = .o
#E =

###### Borland C for OS/2 ######
#M = 2
#CC = bcc
#LD = tlink
#LIBPATH = F:\Bcc\lib
#INCLUDEPATH = F:\Bcc\include
#CFLAGS = -Oiabec -I$(INCLUDEPATH) -vi- -d -k- -w -a
#LDFLAGS = /x /Toe /ap /L$(LIBPATH)
#STARTUP = $(LIBPATH)\c0$(M)$(O)
#LDLIBS = C$(M).LIB OS2.LIB

###### Borland C for MSDOS ######
#M = S
#CC = bcc
#LD = tlink
#LIBPATH = F:\Bcc\lib.dos
#INCLUDEPATH = F:\Bcc\include.dos
#CFLAGS = -I$(INCLUDEPATH) -ms -Oiabec -k- -vi- -d -k- -w
#LDFLAGS = /L$(LIBPATH)
#STARTUP = $(LIBPATH)\c0$(M)$(O)
#LDLIBS = C$(M).LIB

###### MicroSoft C/C++ for MSDOS ######
#M = S
#CC = cl
#LD = link
#LIBPATH = F:\msc\lib
#INCLUDEPATH = F:\msc\include
#CFLAGS = -I$(INCLUDEPATH) -A$(M) -Oceglnota -W4
#LDFLAGS =
#STARTUP =
#LDLIBS = ;

###### Zortech C/C++ for MSDOS/OS/2 ######
#M = s
#CC = ztc
#LD = blink
#LIBPATH = F:\zortech\lib
#INCLUDEPATH = F:\zortech\include
#CFLAGS = -I$(INCLUDEPATH) -m$(M) -o
#LDFLAGS =
#STARTUP =
#LDLIBS = ;

###### Symantec C/C++ for MSDOS/Mac/OS/2 ######
#M = s
#CC = sc
#LD = link
#LIBPATH = F:\symantec\lib
#INCLUDEPATH = F:\symantec\include
#CFLAGS = -I$(INCLUDEPATH) -m$(M) -o
#LDFLAGS =
#STARTUP =
#LDLIBS = ;

###### IBM C++Set/2 for OS/2 ######
M =
CC = icc
LD = link386
LIBPATH = F:\IbmCpp\lib
INCLUDEPATH = F:\IbmCpp\include
CFLAGS = /Q /I$(INCLUDEPATH) /W2 /Wall /O /Oip
LDFLAGS = /NOLOGO/BAT/NOI/NOE/PM:VIO
LDLIBS = ;

##### Implicit Rules ####

.SUFFIXES:
.SUFFIXES: $(X) $(O)

$(X)$(O):
     $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<

TARGET = Myiodemo$(E)
OBJECTS = Myiodemo$(O) Myio$(O) Mystream$(O) myLine$(O)
AOBJECTS = $(STARTUP) $(OBJECTS)

$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
    $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(AOBJECTS),$@,,$(LDLIBS)
#   $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(AOBJECTS) -o $@ $(LDLIBS)

###### Dependancies #######

myLine$(O): myLine$(X) myLine.h

Mystream$(O): Mystream$(X) Mystream.h Myio.h

Myio$(O): Myio$(X) Mystream.h Myio.h

Myiodemo$(O): Myiodemo$(X) myLine.h Myio.h Mystream.h
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bitarray.c0000755000076400001440000000066007055333651016264 char set[(BITCOUNT + 7) / 8];

int getbit(char *set, int number)
{
        set += number / 8;
        return (*set & (1 << (number % 8))) != 0;       /* 0 or 1       */
}

int setbit(char *set, int number, int value)
{
        set += number / 8;
        if (value)
                *set |= 1 << (number % 8);              /* set bit      */
        else    *set &= ~(1 << (number % 8));           /* clear bit    */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/where.c0000755000076400001440000000675607055334334015574 /*
**  WHERE.C:  will search all DIRs on the given drive for specified file.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #include 
 #define GetDrive(d) dos_getdrive(&d)
 #define SetDrive(d) {unsigned x;dos_setdrive(d,&x);}
 #define FAR _far
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include 
 #define GetDrive(d) ((d) = getdisk() + 1)
 #define SetDrive(d) (setdisk(d - 1))
 #define FAR far
 #define _dos_findfirst(f,a,b) findfirst(f,b,a)
 #define _dos_findnext(b) findnext(b)
 #define find_t ffblk
 #define _A_SUBDIR FA_DIREC
 #define attrib ff_attrib
 #define name ff_name
#else /* assume MSC */
 #include 
 #define GetDrive(d) _dos_getdrive(&d)
 #define SetDrive(d) {unsigned x;_dos_setdrive(d,&x);}
 #define FAR _far
#endif

int count=0;

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char *curdir,
            sought[80],
           *temp;
      int   curdrive, newdrive, p;
      void  searchdir(char *dir, char *ptrn);

      /*  Find out where we are */

      curdir=getcwd(NULL,80);
      GetDrive(curdrive);

      /*  Find out what we're looking for  */

      if(argc>1)
            strcpy(sought,argv[1]);
      else
      {
            printf("\n\nPattern to search for: ");
            gets(sought);
      }

      /*  Get designator for another drive if specified  */

      if(sought[1]==':')
      {
            newdrive=(toupper(sought[0]))-64;       /* convert  */
            SetDrive(newdrive);
            p = (sought[2]=='\\') ? 3:2;
            strcpy(sought, &(sought[p]));
      }

      /*  Add wildcard prefix/suffix if necessary  */

      if(sought[0]=='.')
      {
            temp=strcat("*",sought);        /*  set prefix  */
            strcpy(sought,temp);
      }
      if(!strchr(sought,'.'))
            strcpy(sought,"*.*");           /*  set suffix  */

      /*  Perform search for pattern starting in root  */

      searchdir("\\",sought);
      printf("\nNumber of matches: %d",count);

      /*  Restore Original Drive and Directory  */

      SetDrive(curdrive);
      chdir(curdir);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

void searchdir(char *path, char *ptrn)
#define ANYFILE 0xFF                         /*  recursive routine  */
{
      struct find_t *f;
      char          *wholepath;
      unsigned      rtn;

      chdir(path);                    /*  change to new path  */
      wholepath=getcwd(NULL,80);      /*  get full path name  */
      f=malloc(sizeof(*f));

      /*  Search for filename matches in this directory  */

      rtn= _dos_findfirst(ptrn,ANYFILE,f);
      while(rtn==0)
      {
            if( f->attrib != _A_SUBDIR )
                  printf("%s\\%s\n",wholepath,f->name);
            else  printf("%s\\%s \n",wholepath, f->name);
            ++count;

            rtn = _dos_findnext(f);         /* find next match  */
      }  /* end while loop  */

      /*  Now search any subdirectories under this directory  */

      rtn= _dos_findfirst("*.*", _A_SUBDIR,f);
      while(rtn==0)
      {
            if( (f->attrib == _A_SUBDIR) && (f->name[0] != '.'))
            {
                  searchdir(f->name,ptrn);   /* recursive call */
                  chdir(wholepath);
            }
            rtn = _dos_findnext(f);  /* search next dir  */
      }

      free(wholepath);
      free(f);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isshare.c0000755000076400001440000000433107055334025016100 /*
** is_share() - This is a routine that allows a program to determine
**              if file-sharing is enabled at run-time.
**
**              What does this code do?  First - it checks to make sure
**              it is running under DOS 3.0+ - otherwise - no sharing.
**              Next, it opens the program itself (the .EXE file) by using
**              "argv[0]".  This argument points to the actual program name
**              complete with the path under DOS 3.0 or later.  It then
**              attempts to lock the first 500 bytes of the program on
**              disk.  If successful (i.e. return != -1), it unlocks the
**              locked bytes and closes the file (actually the unlock is
**              superfluous since closing the file releases all locks) and
**              returns the a "TRUE" (1) result.  If it fails, it closes
**              the .EXE file and returns a "FALSE" (0) result.  Note that
**              this does not depend on opening a file in shared mode to
**              test it.
**
** Example of usage:
**
** main(int argc, char *argv[])
** {
**   int sharing;
**
**   sharing = is_share(argv[0]);
**   .
**   .
**   if (sharing)
**   {
**     // open file in shared mode
**     ...
**   }
**   else
**   {
**     // use "normal" open
**     ...
**   }
** }
**
** Revision History:
**
** 08/03/93  Original:  "is_sharing()" by Mike Ratledge of fidonet
** 10/20/93  Revision:  revised for library
** 04/03/94  Revision:  "Portabalized" for SNIPPETS by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
 #include 
 #include 

 int lock(int fp, long ofs, long lng)
 {
       lseek(fp,0L,SEEK_SET);
       return locking(fp,LK_LOCK,lng);
 }

 int unlock(fp,ofs,lng)
 {
       lseek(fp,0L,SEEK_SET);
       return locking(fp,LK_UNLCK,lng);
 }
#endif

int is_share(char *arg)
{
      FILE *exe;

      if (_osmajor < 3)
            return(0);

      exe = fopen(arg, "rb");

      if (0 == lock(fileno(exe), 0l, 500l))
      {
            unlock(fileno(exe), 0l, 500l);
            fclose(exe);
            return(1);
      }

      fclose(exe);
      return(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/wordwrap.c0000755000076400001440000000443607055334343016320 /*
**  WORDWRAP.C - Simple CRT word wrap demonstration routine
**
**  public domain by Robert Morgan
*/ 

#include 
#include 
#include 

int get_ln(int rmargin); 
void clr_eol(const int curpos, const int pos); 
 
void main() 
{ 
      printf("Enter text.  Press CTRL-A to quit.\n"); 
      while((get_ln(75)) != 0)      /* Change 75 to whatever number you */
            ;                       /* wish to be the right margin      */ 
} 
 
void clr_eol(const int curpos, const int pos) 
{ 
      int distance; 
      int count; 
 
      distance = curpos - pos; 
 
      for (count = 1; count <= distance; count++) 
            putch('\b'); 
      for (count = 1; count <= distance; count++) 
            putch(' '); 
} 
 
int get_ln(int rmargin) 
{ 
      char word[80]; 
      static int wordpos = 0; 
      static int curpos = 1; 
      static int ch = 0; 
      static int pos = 0; 

      word[wordpos] = '\0'; 
 
      while (ch != 1) 
      { 
            ch = getch(); 
 
            switch(ch) 
            { 
            case 1:
                  return(0); 
            case ' ':
                  pos = curpos; 
                  putch(' '); 
                  curpos++; 
                  wordpos = 0; 
                  word[0] = '\0'; 
                  break; 
            case '\b':
                  putch('\b'); 
                  curpos--; 
                  if (wordpos > 0) 
                        wordpos--; 
                  break; 
            case '\r':
                  puts("\r"); 
                  wordpos = 0; 
                  word[wordpos] = '\0'; 
                  curpos = 1; 
                  pos = 0; 
                  break; 
            default:
                  putch(ch); 
                  word[wordpos] = (char)ch; 
                  curpos++; 
                  wordpos++; 
                  break; 
            } 

            if(curpos == rmargin) 
            { 
                  word[wordpos] = '\0'; 
                  clr_eol(curpos,pos); 
                  wordpos = 0; 
                  curpos = strlen(word); 
                  pos = 0; 
                  puts("\r"); 
                  printf("%s",word); 
            } 
      } 
      return -1;
} 
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bmhasrch.c0000755000076400001440000000723007055333654016241 /*
**  Boyer-Moore-Horspool pattern match
**  Case-insensitive with accented character translation
**
**  public domain by Raymond Gardner 7/92
**
**  limitation: pattern length + subject length must be less than 32767
**
**  10/21/93 rdg  Fixed bug found by Jeff Dunlop
*/
#include                                          /* rdg 10/93 */
#include 
#include 

typedef unsigned char uchar;

#define LOWER_ACCENTED_CHARS

unsigned char lowervec[UCHAR_MAX+1] = {                     /* rdg 10/93 */
  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
 32,'!','"','#','$','%','&','\'','(',')','*','+',',','-','.','/',
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',':',';','<','=','>','?',
'@','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o',
'p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','[','\\',']','^','_',
'`','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o',
'p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','{','|','}','~',127,
#ifdef LOWER_ACCENTED_CHARS
'c','u','e','a','a','a','a','c','e','e','e','i','i','i','a','a',
'e',145,146,'o','o','o','u','u','y','o','u',155,156,157,158,159,
'a','i','o','u','n','n',166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,
#else
128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,
144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,
160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,
#endif
176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,
192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,
208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,
224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,
240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,
};

#define lowerc(c) lowervec[(uchar)(c)]

#define LARGE 32767

static int patlen;
static int skip[UCHAR_MAX+1];                               /* rdg 10/93 */
static int skip2;
static uchar *pat;

void bmh_init(const char *pattern)
{
      int i, j;
      pat = (uchar *)pattern;
      patlen = strlen(pattern);
      for (i = 0; i <= UCHAR_MAX; ++i)                      /* rdg 10/93 */
      {
            skip[i] = patlen;
            for (j = patlen - 1; j >= 0; --j)
            {
                  if (lowerc(i) == lowerc(pat[j]))
                        break;
            }
            if (j >= 0)
                  skip[i] = patlen - j - 1;
            if (j == patlen - 1)
                  skip[i] = LARGE;
      }
      skip2 = patlen;
      for (i = 0; i < patlen - 1; ++i)
      {
            if ( lowerc(pat[i]) == lowerc(pat[patlen - 1]) )
                  skip2 = patlen - i - 1;
      }
}

char *bmh_search(const char *string, const int stringlen)
{
      int i, j;
      char *s;

      i = patlen - 1 - stringlen;
      if (i >= 0)
            return NULL;
      string += stringlen;
      for ( ;; )
      {
            while ((i += skip[((uchar *)string)[i]]) < 0)
                  ;                           /* mighty fast inner loop */
            if (i < (LARGE - stringlen))
                  return NULL;
            i -= LARGE;
            j = patlen - 1;
            s = (char *)string + (i - j);
            while (--j >= 0 && lowerc(s[j]) == lowerc(pat[j]))
                  ;
            if ( j < 0 )                                    /* rdg 10/93 */
                  return s;                                 /* rdg 10/93 */
            if ( (i += skip2) >= 0 )                        /* rdg 10/93 */
                  return NULL;                              /* rdg 10/93 */
      }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/joystick.c0000755000076400001440000000307507055334032016303 /*
**  JOYSTICK.H
**
**  Joystick support functions
**
**  Public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

#define BOOL(x) (!(!(x)))
#define SUCCESS 0

struct joystick {
        LOGICAL switch_0;
        LOGICAL switch_1;
        LOGICAL switch_2;
        LOGICAL switch_3;

        int     pos_Ax;
        int     pos_Ay;
        int     pos_Bx;
        int     pos_By;
};

LOGICAL read_joystick(void);

/*
**  JOYSTICK.C
**
**  Joystick support functions
**
**  Public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include "joystick.h"

struct joystick JoyStick;

/*
**  read_joystick()
**
**  returns SUCCESS or ERROR
**
**  fills in global JoyStick structure
*/

LOGICAL read_joystick(void)
{
        union REGS regs;

        regs.h.ah = 0x84;                       /* Read the switches    */
        regs.x.dx = 0;
        int86(0x15, ®s, ®s);
        if (regs.x.cflag)
                return ERROR;
        JoyStick.switch_0 = BOOL(regs.h.al & 0x10);
        JoyStick.switch_1 = BOOL(regs.h.al & 0x20);
        JoyStick.switch_2 = BOOL(regs.h.al & 0x40);
        JoyStick.switch_3 = BOOL(regs.h.al & 0x80);

        regs.h.ah = 0x84;                       /* Read positions       */
        regs.x.dx = 1;
        int86(0x15, ®s, ®s);
        if (regs.x.cflag)
                return ERROR;
        JoyStick.pos_Ax = regs.x.ax;
        JoyStick.pos_Ay = regs.x.bx;
        JoyStick.pos_Bx = regs.x.cx;
        JoyStick.pos_By = regs.x.dx;

        return SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isshift.c0000755000076400001440000000160607055334026016116 /*-------------------------[ IsShift ]--------------------------*/
/*           Determine whether a shift key is depressed         */
/*              public domain snippet by Jeff Dunlop            */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* local:                                                       */
/*      key_flags = pointer to bios shift key area              */
/* return:                                                      */
/*      1 if either shift key is depressed                      */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if !defined(MK_FP)
    #define MK_FP(seg,off) ((void far *)(((long)(seg) << 16)|(unsigned)(off)))
#endif

int IsShift(void)
{
    unsigned char far *keyflags = MK_FP(0x40, 0x17);

    return (*keyflags & 0x03);
}

/* -or?- */

#define IsShift ((*MK_FP(0x40, 0x17)) & 0x03)
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dirmask.c0000755000076400001440000000572507055333722016107 /*
**  DIRMASK.C - Complex pattern matching
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include "dirent.h"

int patmat(const char *, const char *);

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;
#define SUCCESS 0

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*  dirmask()                                                   */
/*                                                              */
/*  Tests a directory entry for matching patterns. Tests both   */
/*  file name and attributes. Tests for both inclusion specs    */
/*  and exclusion specs.                                        */
/*                                                              */
/*  Parameters: 1 - Pointer to the directory entry's FIND       */
/*                  structure                                   */
/*              2 - Filename for inclusion matching, i.e. if    */
/*                  this spec matches the filename, we matched. */
/*                  Use NULL to match anything.                 */
/*              3 - Filename for exclusion matching, i.e. if    */
/*                  this spec matches the filename, we failed.  */
/*                  Use NULL to exclude nothing.                */
/*              4 - Attribute for inclusion mask. Use FA_ANY    */
/*                  to match anything).                         */
/*              5 - Attribute for exclusion mask. Use zero to   */
/*                  exclude nothing).                           */
/*                                                              */
/*  Returns: SUCCESS if name and attribute matched, else ERROR. */
/*                                                              */
/*  Side effects: Converts patterns to upper case               */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

int dirmask(struct DSTRUCT *dstruct,
            char           *fname_inc,
            char           *fname_exc,
            unsigned        attr_inc,
            unsigned        attr_exc)
{
      if (!dstruct)
            return ERROR;
      strupr(fname_inc);
      strupr(fname_exc);
      if (fname_inc)
      {
            if (TRUE != patmat(dstruct->NAME, fname_inc))
                  return ERROR;
      }
      if (fname_exc)
      {
            if (TRUE == patmat(dstruct->NAME, fname_exc))
                  return ERROR;
      }
      if (!((dstruct->ATTRIBUTE | 0x80) & attr_inc))
            return ERROR;
      if (dstruct->ATTRIBUTE & attr_exc)
            return ERROR;
      return SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/enums.txt0000755000076400001440000000412407055333743016174 Some of my favorites...
-----------------------

typedef enum {ERROR = -1, SUCCESS, FALSE = 0, TRUE} logical;
#define BOOL(x) (!(!(x)))                       /* always TRUE or FALSE */

/* (trivial) Example code follows               */

#define MAX_VAL 10000                           /* data upper bound     */
#define MIN_VAL -37                             /* data lower bound     */

logical testfunc(int intvalue)
{
        if (MAX_VAL < intvalue || MIN_VAL > intvalue)
                return ERROR;                   /* if out of bounds     */
        else    return BOOL(intvalue);          /* zero returns FALSE,
                                                   anything else is TRUE*/
} 

/* Examples using SUCCESS/ERROR                 */

        if (SUCCESS == strcmp(my_string, "something"))
                do_something();
        if (ERROR == open("my_file", O_READ))
                abort();

  And, speaking of enumerated data types (which we can feel free to do
since they're now "official" with the adoption of ANSI C), these are very
handy when defining lists of data which may need to be appended in the
future. If you define your enums this way:

enum CARS {CARS_MIN = -1, FORD, CHEVY, PLYMOUTH, CARS_MAX};

...then you can write "expandable" code as follows:

logical real_car(enum CARS my_car)
{
        if (CARS_MIN >= my_car || CARS_MAX <= my_car)
                return FALSE;
        else    return TRUE;
}

By including `CARS_MIN' and `CARS_MAX' as dummy enumerations, you can
change the declaration to:

enum CARS {CARS_MIN = -1, FORD, CHEVY, PLYMOUTH, FERRARI, CARS_MAX};

...and all your existing code will still work properly, allowing you to
spend your time writing new code to support the new enumerations rather
than going back to fix any bounds checking you may have already written.
In addition if, within the enum declaration, you declare `CARS_MIN = -1',
then you can also include this handy little bit of expandable code:

        printf("Right now, I know about %d type%s of CARS\n", CARS_MAX,
                &"s"[1 == CARS_MAX]);
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/myline.h0000755000076400001440000000254307055334121015744 // myLine.h
//
// Donated to the public domain; no restrictions on reuse or abuse apply.
// by David Nugent, 7th June, 1993.
// Simple line input class for istream to demonstrate input of a complete
// line rather than whitespace separated tokens (the default for operator<<
// for char* and other built-in types).
// Works by overloading operator>> for a customised class - this functionality
// is easily incorporated into your favourite String class
//

# if !defined(_myLine_h)
# define _myLine_h 1

# define AUTO_GROW 1            // Allow autogrowth of buffer to fit
# define ALLOC_LEN 80           // Standard length & growth increment

    // Class declaration

class myLine
{

  public:

    myLine (short buflen =ALLOC_LEN);
    myLine (char * usebuf, short buflen =ALLOC_LEN);
    ~myLine (void);
                                       // Get buffer address
    char const * buf (void) const { return mybuf; }
                                       // Conversion operators
    char const * operator() (void) const { return mybuf; } // Explicit cast
    operator char const * (void) const { return mybuf; }   // Implicit cast
                                       // istream operator>>
    friend istream & operator>> (istream &, myLine &);

  private:

    short len, xalloc;
    char * mybuf;

};

# endif     // _myLine_h
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/rndmize.c0000755000076400001440000000005107055334212016103 srand( ((unsigned int)time(NULL)) | 1);
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cpucheck.asm0000755000076400001440000000531707055333710016572         page    55, 132

;  FUNCTION:  cpu_check
;
;  Attempt to discover the type of CPU. Use MASM 5.1 or greater.
;  Returns 86 for 8088/8086, 286 for 80286, 386 for 80386/80486.
;
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...
;

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via
                                        ;command line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE

        .CODE
;
; int cpu_check(void) - returns 86, 186, 286, 386
;

        PUBLIC  cpu_check

cpu_check       PROC    USES BX
        pushf
        xor     ax,ax                   ; zero ax
        push    ax
        popf                            ; try to put 0 into flags
        pushf
        pop     ax                      ; see what went in flags
        and     ax,0f000h               ; mask off high flag bits
        cmp     ax,0f000h               ; was high nibble ones
        je      _86                     ; is 8086 or 8088
        push    sp                      ; see if sp is updated
        pop     bx                      ; before or after it is
        cmp     bx,sp                   ; pushed
        jne     _186
        mov     ax,0f000h               ; try to set high bits
        push    ax
        popf                            ; in the flags
        pushf
        pop     ax                      ; look at actual flags
        and     ax,0f000h               ; any high bits set?
        je      _286                    ; is 80286
_386:
        .386                            ; enable 386 instructions

        pushfd                          ; save extended flags
        mov     eax,040000h
        push    eax                     ; push 40000h onto stack
        popfd                           ; pop extended flags
        pushfd                          ; push extended flags
        pop     eax                     ; put in eax
        and     eax,040000h             ; is bit 18 set?
        jne     _486                    ; yes, it's a 486
        mov     ax,386                  ; no, it's a 386
        jmp     _386x
_486:
        mov     ax,486
_386x:
        popfd                           ; clean the stack
        jmp     ccexit
_286:
        mov     ax,286                  ; is an 80286
        jmp     ccexit
_186:
        mov     ax,186                  ; is an 80188/80186
        jmp     ccexit
_86:
        mov     ax,86                   ; is an 8088/8086
ccexit:
        popf                            ; restore original flags
        ret                             ; return

cpu_check       ENDP    

        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mcb_env.c0000755000076400001440000001070207055334070016052 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #include 
 #define FAR far
#else
 #include 
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#if !defined(MK_FP)
    #define MK_FP(seg,off) ((void FAR *)(((long)(seg) << 16)|(unsigned)(off)))
#endif

struct EnvRec {
              unsigned EnvSeg;  /*Segment of the environment*/
              unsigned EnvLen;  /*Usable length of the environment*/
              } EnvRec;

struct EnvRec *MasterEnv(void)
{
      unsigned owner;
      unsigned mcb;
      unsigned eseg;
      static struct EnvRec env;

      env.EnvSeg = env.EnvLen = 0;
      owner = * ((unsigned FAR *) MK_FP(0, (2+4*0x2e)));

      /* int 0x2e points to command.com */

      mcb = owner -1;

      /*Mcb points to memory control block for COMMAND */

      if ( (*((char FAR *) MK_FP(mcb, 0)) != 'M') &&
           (*((unsigned FAR *) MK_FP(mcb, 1)) != owner) )
                 return (struct EnvRec *) 0;

      eseg = *((unsigned FAR *) MK_FP(owner, 0x2c));

      /* Read segment of environment from PSP of COMMAND} */
      /* Earlier versions of DOS don't store environment segment there */

      if ( !eseg )
      {

            /* Master environment is next block past COMMAND */

            mcb = owner + *((unsigned FAR *) MK_FP(mcb, 3));
            if ( (*((char FAR *) MK_FP(mcb, 0)) != 'M') &&
                 (*((unsigned FAR *) MK_FP(mcb, 1)) != owner) )
                       return (struct EnvRec *) 0;
            eseg = mcb + 1;
      }
      else  mcb = eseg-1;

      /* Return segment and length of environment */

      env.EnvSeg = eseg;
      env.EnvLen = *((unsigned FAR *) MK_FP(mcb, 3)) << 4 ;
      return &env;
}

/*
** Then a function to find the string to be replaced.   This one'll
** return a pointer to the string, or a pointer to the first (of 2)
** NUL byte at the end of the environment.
*/

char FAR *SearchEnv( char FAR *eptr, char *search )
{
      char FAR *e;
      char *s;
      while ( *eptr )
      {
            for ( s=search, e=eptr; *e && *s && (*e == *s); e++, s++ )
                  ;  /* NULL STATEMENT */
            if ( !*s )
                  break;
            while ( *eptr )
                  eptr++;           /* position to the NUL byte */
            eptr++;                      /* next string */
      }
      return eptr;
}

/*
** Now, the function to replace, add or delete.  If a value is not
** given, the string is deleted.
*/

int SetEnvStr( struct EnvRec *env, char *search, char *value )
{
      /* -Set environment string, returning true if successful */

      char FAR *envptr;
      register char FAR *p;
      char *s;
      int newlen;
      int oldlen;
      int i;

      if ( !env->EnvSeg || !search )
            return 0;

      /* get some memory for complete environment string */

      newlen = strlen(search) + sizeof((char) '\0') + strlen(value) + 2;
      if ( (s = (char *) malloc( newlen)) == NULL )
            return 0;
      for ( i = 0; *search; search++, i++ )
            s[i] = *search;
      s[i++] = '=';
      s[i] = '\0';
      envptr = SearchEnv((char FAR *) MK_FP(env->EnvSeg, 0), s );
      if ( *envptr )
      {
            for ( p = envptr, oldlen = 0; *p; oldlen++, p++ )
                  ;     /* can't use strlen() because of far pointer */
      }                 /* will set p to point to terminating NUL */

      if ( *value && (newlen > (int)env->EnvLen) ) /* not a deletion */
      {
            free( s );
            return 0;                           /* won't fit */
      }

      if ( *envptr )                            /* shift it down */
      {
            for ( ++p; (*p || *(p+1)); envptr++, p++ )
                  *envptr = *p;
            *envptr++ = '\0';
            *envptr = '\0';
      }
      if ( *value )                             /* append it */
      {
            strcat(s, value);
            while ( *s )
                  *(envptr++) = *s++;
            *envptr++ = '\0';
            *envptr = '\0';
      }
      free(s);
      return 1;
}

/*
** Ok, just to show you that I tested it :
*/

void main(void)
{
      char vn[80];
      char va[80];
      struct EnvRec *p = MasterEnv();

      puts("enter variable name:");
      gets(vn);
      puts("enter value:");
      gets(va);
      printf("SetEnvStr returned %d\n", SetEnvStr( p, strupr(vn), va) );
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/stptok.c0000755000076400001440000000213007055334252015763 /*
**  stptok() -- public domain by Ray Gardner, modified by Bob Stout
**
**   You pass this function a string to parse, a buffer to receive the
**   "token" that gets scanned, the length of the buffer, and a string of
**   "break" characters that stop the scan.  It will copy the string into
**   the buffer up to any of the break characters, or until the buffer is
**   full, and will always leave the buffer null-terminated.  It will
**   return a pointer to the first non-breaking character after the one
**   that stopped the scan.
*/

#include 
#include 

char *stptok(const char *s, char *tok, size_t toklen, char *brk)
{
      char *lim, *b;

      if (!*s)
            return NULL;

      lim = tok + toklen - 1;
      while ( *s && tok < lim )
      {
            for ( b = brk; *b; b++ )
            {
                  if ( *s == *b )
                  {
                        *tok = 0;
                        return (char *)s;
                  }
            }
            *tok++ = *s++;
      }
      *tok = 0;
      return (char *)s;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/doansi.h0000755000076400001440000000175507055333723015737 /*
**  DOANSI.H - Portable ANSI screen code interpreter
**
**  From DRSK_105.LZH (ansi.c), hereby declared free for use for whatever
**  purposes by author: Mark Kimes
*/

/* set maxx,maxy as desired */
void set_screensize (int reservedlines);

/* put character c at x,y using attr as attribute */
void put_char (char c,char attr,int x,int y);

/* position hardware cursor at x,y */
void pos_hardcursor (int x,int y);

/* turn hardware cursor off */
void hardcursor_off (void);

/* turn hardware cursor on at x,y */
void hardcursor_on (int x,int y);

/* scroll window tx,ty - bx,by up one line; fill with blank+attr */
void scroll_up (int tx,int ty,int bx,int by,char attr);

/* clear the window from tx,ty - bx,by; fill with blank+attr */
void clearwindow (int tx,int ty,int bx,int by,char attr);

/* clear line y from col x to eol (ex); fill with blank+attr */
void cleartoeol (int x,int y,int ex,char attr);

/* the ansi string interpreter */
int ansi_out (char *buf);
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bigfac.c0000755000076400001440000000566507055333647015701 /*
**  bigfac.c -- put into the public domain by Carl Declerck
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define BUFFLEN 8192
#define BUFFER ((char *) malloc(BUFFLEN))

void main (void);
void multiply (char *, char *, char *);
void zero_buffer (char *);
void minus_one (char *);
int  isnull (char *);
void factorial (char *);

void main (void)
{
      char *g = BUFFER;

      printf ("Enter a number: ");
      scanf ("%s", g);
      printf ("Factorial of %s is: ", g);
      factorial (g);
      printf ("%s\n", g);
      free (g);
}

void multiply (char *g1, char *g2, char *g3)
{
      int gp1, gp2, cumpos, respos, mod, div;
      int cmod, cdiv, resoff, wdig1, wdig2, base;

      zero_buffer (g3);
      for (gp2 = strlen(g2) - 1; gp2 >= 0; gp2--)
      {
            wdig2 = *(g2 + gp2) - 48;
            resoff = strlen(g2) - gp2 - 1;
            respos = BUFFLEN - resoff - 2;
            for (gp1 = strlen(g1) - 1; gp1 >= 0; gp1--)
            {
                  wdig1 = *(g1 + gp1) - 48;
                  mod = (wdig1 * wdig2) % 10;
                  div = (wdig1 * wdig2) / 10;
                  base = *(g3 + respos) - 48;
                  cmod = (base + mod) % 10;
                  cdiv = (base + mod) / 10 + div;
                  *(g3 + respos) = (char)(cmod + 48);
                  cumpos = --respos;
                  while (cdiv > 0)
                  {
                        base = *(g3 + cumpos) - 48;
                        *(g3 + cumpos--) = (char)((base + cdiv) % 10 + 48);
                        cdiv = (base + cdiv) / 10;
                  }
            }
      }
      for (respos = 0; *(g3 + respos) == '0'; respos++)
            ;
      strcpy (g3, (char *) (g3 + respos));
      if (*g3 == 0)
            strcpy (g3, "0");
}

void zero_buffer (char *buff)
{
      int cnt;

      for (cnt= 0; cnt < BUFFLEN; cnt++)
            *(buff + cnt) = '0';
      *(buff + BUFFLEN - 1) = 0;
}

void minus_one (char *g)
{
      int p;
      char digit;

      p = strlen(g) - 1;
      digit = *(g + p);
      while (digit == '0')
      {
            *(g + p--) = '9';
            digit = *(g + p);
      }
      *(g + p) -= 1;
}

int isnull (char *g)
{
      int p, ok = 1;

      for (p = 0; p < (int)(strlen(g)); p++)
            if (*(g + p) != '0')
                  ok = 0;
      return (ok);
}

void factorial (char *g)
{
      char *h1 = BUFFER, *h2 = BUFFER;

      strcpy (h1, "1");
      while (!isnull(g))
      {
            multiply (h1, g, h2);
            strcpy (h1, h2);
            minus_one (g);
      }
      strcpy (g, h1);
      free (h1);
      free (h2);
}

/*
**  The principal function is multiply(), it 'multiplies' two
**  character-strings of arbritrary length and puts the result
**  into a third.  8192 bytes is enough for 1000!, beyond that
**  the buffer-size may need to be incremented.
*/
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cerrinst.asm0000755000076400001440000000602207055333673016640         PAGE ,132

;  Install an Interrupt 24 (DOS critical error exception) handler
;
;  Public domain by Bob Stout
;
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via command
                                        ;line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE

        .DATA?

        PUBLIC cedevdvr, cetype, ceerror, cereturn
_origvec        dd      ?
_newvec         dd      ?
cedevdvr        dd      ?
cetype          dw      ?
ceerror         dw      ?
cereturn        db      ?

        .CODE

;
;  This is our actual ISR
;
myint24:
        push    ds                      ;save registers which may be
        push    es                      ;required in case "Retry" is
        push    bx                      ;selected
        push    cx
        push    dx
        push    si
        push    di
        push    bp
        mov     word PTR cedevdvr,si    ;save device driver header address
        mov     word PTR cedevdvr+2,bp
        mov     cetype,ax               ;save error type information
        mov     ceerror,di              ;save error code information
        call    far PTR _newvec         ;call our handler
        mov     al,cereturn             ;set up return code (abort, retry...)
        pop     bp                      ;restore necessary registers
        pop     di
        pop     si
        pop     dx
        pop     cx
        pop     bx
        pop     es
        pop     ds
        iret

;
;  Call this to install  our ISR
;
;  void (_far *)() ins24(unsigned short segm, unsigned short offs);
;  void (_far *)() ins24((void _far *handler)());
;
;  Paramters (option 1) - 1 : Segment of handler
;                         2 : Offset of handler
;
;  Paramters (option 2) - 1 : Address of handler
;
;  Returns pointer to old handler
;
ins24   PROC    USES AX BX DS ES, segm:WORD, offs:WORD
        mov     ax,3524h                ;get old vector...
        int     21h
        mov     word PTR _origvec,bx
        mov     word PTR _origvec+2,es  ;...and save it
        mov     ax,offs                 ;load handler offset...
        mov     word PTR _newvec,ax
        mov     ax,segm                 ; & segment into _newvec
        mov     word PTR _newvec+2,ax
        push    cs                      ;get myint24 segment in DS
        pop     ds
        mov     dx, OFFSET myint24      ;install myint24 in int 24h
        mov     ax,2524h                ;  into Interrupt 24h
        int     21h
        mov     ax,word PTR _origvec
        mov     dx,word PTR _origvec+2
ins24   ENDP

;
;  Call this to uninstall our ISR
;
;  void redo24(void);
;
redo24  PROC    USES AX BX DS
        mov     dx, word PTR _origvec   ;restore original vector
        mov     ds, word PTR _origvec+2
        mov     ax,2524h
        int     21h
        ret
redo24  ENDP

        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strdup.c0000755000076400001440000000042107055334261015761 /*
**  Portable, public domain strdup() by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 

char *strdup(const char *string)
{
      char *new;

      if (NULL != (new = malloc(strlen(string) + 1)))
            strcpy(new, string);
      return new;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/testcmt.c0000755000076400001440000000051407055334303016123 /* testcmt.c - test getcmt.exe - C comment 1 */
int i;
main()
{
    int j;
    /* C comment 2 */
    int k;
    /* C comment 3 */
    char ch2;    /* C comment 4 */  char ch3;   // C++ comment 1
    // C++ comment 2
    char ch4;
    // C++ comment 3
    i = 0;
    return(i);
}
/* end of testcmt.c - C comment 5 */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/fraction.c0000755000076400001440000000542207055333766016264 /*
**  FRACTION.C - Compute continued fraction series
**
**  cfrac() donated to the public domain by the author, Thad Smith
**  original Fraction.C, public domain by Bob Stout, modified to use cfrac()
*/

#include 
#include 

#define MAX_LENGTH 100

long double cfrac(long double x, long double *p, long double *q, int bits)
{
      double v;                                 /* integer in series    */
      long double del;                          /* x - v                */
      long double z;    /* approximated value from truncated series     */
      long double t;                            /* temp                 */
      long double p0 = 0.0, q0 = 0.0;           /* last p, q            */
      long double imax;                         /* max for p, q         */
      static long double cf[MAX_LENGTH]; /* continued fraction integers */
      int i, j, ntimes = MAX_LENGTH;;

      if (x < 0)
            x = -x;
      imax = floor(pow(2.0, bits)) - 1.0;
      for (i = 0; i < ntimes; i++)
      {
            v = floor((double)x);
            cf[i] = v;
            z = cf[i];
            *p = z; *q = 1;
            for (j = i; j--; )
            {
                  z = cf[j] + 1.0/z;
                  t = *p;
                  *p = cf[j] * (*p) + (*q);
                  *q = t;
            }
            del = x-v;
            if (del < DBL_EPSILON)
                  break;
            if ((*p > imax) || (*q > imax))
            {
                  *p = p0;
                  *q = q0;
                  break;
            }
            else
            {
                  p0 = *p;
                  q0 = *q;
            }
            x = 1.0 / del;
      }
      return (*p)/(*q);
}

/*
**  Remove everything below this to use cfrac() as a stand-alone function
*/

#include 
#include 

main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
      long double x;      /* value to be approximated */
      long double r,p,q;  /* approx ratio r = p/q     */
      int bits;           /* bits of precision        */

      if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
      {
            puts ("Use: FRACTION value [precision]");
            puts ("where value = floating point value to generate "
                  "continued fraction");
            puts ("      precision (optional) = bits in "
                  "numerator/denominator");
            return 1;
      }
      sscanf (argv[1], "%Lf", &x);
      if (argc == 3)
            bits = atoi(argv[2]);
      else  bits = 32;

      cfrac(x, &p, &q, bits);
      printf("\n[%.20Lf]\n%.0Lf/%.0Lf = %lXh/%lXh = %.20Lf\n",
            x, p, q, (long)p, (long)q, r = p/q);
      printf("Error = %.10Lg, (%.10Lf%%)\n", r - x, 100. * (r - x) / x);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/ansiload.c0000755000076400001440000000250007055333636016237 /*
**  ANSILOAD.C - tries to detect if an ANSI-style driver is loaded
**
**  public domain by Bob Jarvis
*/

#include 
#include 

typedef enum {FALSE, TRUE} LOGICAL;

void goto_rc(int row, int col)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 2;
      regs.h.bh = 0;                /* assumes we're using video page 0 */
      regs.h.dh = (unsigned char)row;
      regs.h.dl = (unsigned char)col;

      int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
}

void get_rc(int *row, int *col)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.h.ah = 3;
      regs.h.bh = 0;                /* again, assume video page 0       */

      int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);

      *row = regs.h.dh;
      *col = regs.h.dl;
}

int is_ansi_loaded(void)
{
      int save_r, save_c;
      int new_r, new_c;
      int isloaded;

      get_rc(&save_r, &save_c);
      goto_rc(15,15);
      fputs("\x1B[0;0H", stderr);

      get_rc(&new_r, &new_c);

      if(new_r == 0 && new_c == 0)
            isloaded = TRUE;
      else
      {
            isloaded = FALSE;
            fputs("\b\b\b\b\b\b      \b\b\b\b\b\b", stderr);
      }

      goto_rc(save_r, save_c);
      return isloaded;
}

void main(void)
{
      if(is_ansi_loaded())
            puts("ANSI.SYS is loaded");
      else  puts("ANSI.SYS is NOT loaded");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/break.c0000755000076400001440000000075607055333656015546 /*
**  Set or determine the status of the DOS "SET BREAK=" command
*/

#include 

#define BOOL(x) (!(!(x)))

/*
**  Returns status of DOS "SET BREAK" command
*/

int isBreakOn(void)
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.x.ax = 0x3300;
      intdos(®s, ®s);
      return (int)regs.h.dl;
}

void setBreak(int OnOff)      /* Off = 0, On = 1      */
{
      union REGS regs;

      regs.x.ax = 0x3301;
      regs.h.dl = OnOff;
      intdos(®s, ®s);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cerrtrap.asm0000755000076400001440000001123207055333675016632         PAGE ,132

;  A sample Interrupt 24 (DOS critical error exception) handler
;
;  Public domain by Bob Stout
;
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via command
                                        ;line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE

        EXTRN cedevdvr:dword, cetype:word, ceerror:word, cereturn:byte
        EXTRN read_err:far, write_err:far, term_err:far
        EXTRN no_paper:far, fixup_ret:far, FAT_err:far

        ;NOTE:  All the above routines MUST set cereturn to:
        ;       0 - Ignore
        ;       1 - Retry
        ;       2 - Abort
        ;       3 - Fail (DOS 3.3 and later)

        .DATA?

        PUBLIC  osver, rmvbl, exerr, locus, class, suggest
osver   db ?
rmvbl   db ?
exerr   dw ?
locus   db ?
class   db ?
suggest db ?

        .CODE

;
;  This is called by myint24
;
;  extern int (*read_err)(),
;             (*write_err)(),
;             (*term_err)(),
;             (*no_paper)(),
;             (*fixup_ret)(),
;             (*FAT_err)();
;
;  Each returns: 0 - Ignore
;                1 - Retry
;                2 - Abort
;                3 - Fail (DOS 3.3 and later)
;
mynew24 PROC    USES BX
        mov     ah,030h                 ;get DOS version number
        int     21
        or      al,al                   ;zero means DOS 1.x
        jnz     NotDOS1
        mov     al,1
NotDOS1:
        mov     osver,al                ;save DOS version
        mov     ax,cetype               ;get type of exception...
        mov     bx,ax                   ; & save it for later
        and     ax,80h                  ;disk error?
        jnz     NotDiskErr              ;no, continue
        cmp     al,1                    ;yes, DOS 1.x?
        jz      wrong_DOS               ;yes, can't check for removable media
        mov     ah,-1                   ;no, assume removable media
        test    word PTR cedevdvr,0800h ;is the media removable?
        jz      removable
        xor     ah,ah                   ;no, flag fixed media
removable:
        mov     rmvbl,ah                ;save media type
        cmp     al,3                    ;DOS 3.0 or greater?
        jb      wrong_DOS               ;no, skip it
        push    bx                      ;yes, save cetype info...
        push    ds                      ; & other regs
        push    es
        push    dx
        push    si
        push    di
        push    bp
        mov     ah,59h                  ;get extended error info
        int     21
        pop     bp                      ;restore regs
        pop     di
        pop     si
        pop     dx
        pop     es
        pop     ds
        mov     exerr,ax                ;save extended error code...
        mov     locus,ch                ; locus...
        mov     class,bh                ;  class...
        mov     suggest,bl              ;   & suggested action
        pop     bx                      ;restore cetype info
wrong_DOS:
        mov     ax,bx                   ;get exception type
        and     ax,06h                  ;FAT problems?
        cmp     ax,02h
        jnz     ok_fat                  ;no, continue
        jmp     far PTR FAT_err         ;yes, handle it
ok_fat:
        mov     ax,bx                   ;get exception type
        and     ax,01h                  ;handle read and write separately
        jz      rd_err
        jmp     far PTR write_err
rd_err:
        jmp     far PTR read_err
NotDiskErr:
        test    ceerror,0009h           ;printer out of paper?
        jnz     not_eop                 ;no, continue
        jmp     far PTR no_paper        ;yes, handle it
not_eop:
        test    word PTR cedevdvr,8000h ;character device?
        jnz     unknown                 ;no, continue
        jmp     far PTR term_err        ;yes, assume bad terminal I/O

;
;  If we get here, we haven't identified the error. We now call fixup_ret()
;  to resolve which action to take. This will usually involve the information
;  in exerr qualified by the version of DOS in use and is best left to coding
;  in a higher level language like C.
;
;  NOTE: It is IMPERATIVE that the return value of fixup_ret() default to 2
;        to insure that if all else fails, the critcal error handler aborts!
;

unknown:
        call    far PTR fixup_ret       ;unknown error - handle loose ends...
        xor     ah,ah                   ; & return
        mov     cereturn,al
        ret
mynew24 ENDP

        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/sstrcpy.c0000755000076400001440000000033407055334250016150 #include 

char *sstrcpy(char *to, char *from)
{
    memmove(to, from, 1+strlen(from));
    return to;
}

char *sstrcat(char *to, char *from)
{
    sstrcpy(to + strlen(to), from);
    return to;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strrev.c0000755000076400001440000000120407055334266015772 /*
**  STRREV.C - reverse a string in place
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

char *strrev(char *str)
{
      char *p1, *p2;

      if (! str || ! *str)
            return str;
      for (p1 = str, p2 = str + strlen(str) - 1; p2 > p1; ++p1, --p2)
      {
            *p1 ^= *p2;
            *p2 ^= *p1;
            *p1 ^= *p2;
      }
      return str;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      while (--argc)
      {
            printf("\"%s\" backwards is ", *++argv);
            printf("\"%s\"\n", strrev(*argv));
      }
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/reboot.c0000755000076400001440000000077407055334175015751 /*
**  Public domain demo to reboot a PC
*/
 
#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif
 
short FAR *bios_post = (short FAR *)0x00400072;
void (FAR * boot)(void) = (void (FAR *)())0xffff0000;
 
void reboot(warm)
{
      if (warm)
            *bios_post = 0x1234;
      else  *bios_post = 0;
      boot();
}
 
#ifdef TEST
 
#include 
 
void main(void)
{
      puts("The computer should do a cold start");
      reboot(0);
}
 
#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mystream.h0000755000076400001440000000341407055334122016307 // Mystream.h
// iostream interface for class Myio
// Defines the following classes:
//  Mystreambuf     derived from streambuf - buffer management & I/O interface
//  Mystreambase    base class used for initialisation & object reference
//  Myiostream      customised iostream, derived from iostream/Mystreambase
//
// Written by David L Nugent, June 1993
//

# if !defined(_Mystream_h)
# define _Mystream_h 1
# include 
# include "Myio.h"

    //
    // Mystreambuf
    // This is the class which does all the actual I/O
    // handling and (optional) buffer management
    //

class Mystreambuf : public streambuf
{

  public:

    Mystreambuf (Myio * mPtr);

  protected:

    virtual int overflow (int = EOF);
    virtual int underflow ();
    virtual int sync ();

  private:

    Myio * mptr;    // Points to the Myio instance to
                    // which this stream is attached
    char _back[2];  // Holder for putback

};


class Mystreambase : public virtual ios
{

  public:

    Mystreambase (Myio * mPtr);
    Mystreambuf * rdbuf (void);

  protected:

    Mystreambuf mystreambuf;

};

inline
Mystreambase::Mystreambase (Myio * mPtr)
    : mystreambuf (mPtr)
{}

inline Mystreambuf *
Mystreambase::rdbuf (void)
    {   return &mystreambuf;    }


class Mystream : public Mystreambase, public iostream
{

  public:

    Mystream (Myio * mPtr);
    ~Mystream (void);
};

    //
    // class Mystream constructor
    // This uses Mystreambase to set up the Mystreambuf
    // which can then be used to initialise iostream.
    //

inline
Mystream::Mystream (Myio * m)
    : Mystreambase (m), iostream (rdbuf())
{}

inline
Mystream::~Mystream (void)
    {}

# endif     // _Mystream_h
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/strupr.c0000755000076400001440000000072107055334270016002 /*
**  Portable, public domain strupr() & strlwr()
*/

#include 

char *strupr(char *str)
{
      char *string = str;

      if (str)
      {
            for ( ; *str; ++str)
                  *str = toupper(*str);
      }
      return string;
}

char *strlwr(char *str)
{
      char *string = str;

      if (str)
      {
            for ( ; *str; ++str)
                  *str = tolower(*str);
      }
      return string;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/faskbhit.c0000755000076400001440000000104307055333754016242 /*
**  by David Goodenough & Bob Stout
*/

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void FAR *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif
 
#define biosseg 0x40

int fast_kbhit(void)
{
      return *((unsigned FAR *)MK_FP(biosseg, 0x1a)) -
            *((unsigned FAR *)MK_FP(biosseg, 0x1c));
}

void fast_kbflush(void)
{
      *((unsigned FAR *)MK_FP(biosseg, 0x1a)) =
            *((unsigned FAR *)MK_FP(biosseg, 0x1c));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/cctrap.asm0000755000076400001440000000316207055333671016263         PAGE ,132

;  Install a custom Interrupt 23 (Ctrl-C exception) handler
;
;  Public domain by Bob Stout
;
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...


%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via command
                                        ;line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE

        .DATA?
_origvec        dd      ?
_newvec         dd      ?

        .CODE

;
;  This is our actual ISR
;

myint23:
        call    dword PTR _newvec       ;call our handler
        iret

;
;  Call this to install  our ISR
;

ins23   PROC    USES AX BX DS ES, offs:WORD, segm:WORD
        mov     ax,3523h                ;get old vector...
        int     21h
        mov     word PTR _origvec,bx
        mov     word PTR _origvec+2,es  ;...and save it
        mov     ax,offs                 ;load handler offset...
        mov     word PTR _newvec,ax
        mov     ax,segm                 ; & segment into _newvec
        mov     word PTR _newvec+2,ax
        push    cs                      ;get myint23 segment in DS
        pop     ds
        mov     dx, OFFSET myint23      ;install myint23 in int 23h
        mov     ax,2523h
        int     21h
        ret
ins23   ENDP

;
;  Call this to uninstall our ISR
;

redo23  PROC    USES AX BX DS
        mov     dx, word PTR _origvec   ;restore original vector
        mov     ds, word PTR _origvec+2
        mov     ax,2523h
        int     21h
        ret
redo23  ENDP

        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dblround.c0000755000076400001440000000121507055333720016252 /*
**  DBLROUND.C - Rounds a double to the nearest whole number
**  public domain by Ross Cottrell
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

double round(double x)
{
      assert(1 == FLT_ROUNDS);
      x += 1.0 / DBL_EPSILON;
      return x - 1.0 / DBL_EPSILON;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      double val;
      char *dummy;

      while (--argc)
      {
            val = strtod((const char *)(*(++argv)), &dummy);
            printf("round(%g) = ", val);
            printf("%.12g\n", round(val));
      }
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pmerge.c0000755000076400001440000000304507055334140015720 /*
**  pmerge() - Portable replacement for fnmerge(), _makepath(), etc.
**
**  Forms a full DOS pathname from drive, path, file, and extension
**  specifications.
**
**  Arguments: 1 - Buffer to receive full pathname
**             2 - Drive
**             3 - Path
**             4 - Name
**             5 - Extension
**
**  Returns: Nothing
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

#define LAST_CHAR(s) ((s)[strlen(s) - 1])

void pmerge(char *path, char *drive, char *dir, char *fname, char *ext)
{
      *path = '\0';

      if (drive && *drive)
      {
            strcat(path, drive);
            if (':' != LAST_CHAR(path))
                  strcat(path, ":");
      }

      if (dir && *dir)
      {
            char *p;

            strcat(path, dir);
            for (p = path; *p; ++p)
                  if ('/' == *p)
                        *p = '\\';
            if ('\\' != LAST_CHAR(path))
                  strcat(path, "\\");
      }

      if (fname && *fname)
      {
            strcat(path, fname);

            if (ext && *ext)
            {
                  if ('.' != *ext)
                        strcat(path, ".");
                  strcat(path, ext);
            }
      }
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char pathname[FILENAME_MAX];

      pmerge(pathname, argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4]);
      printf("pmerge (%s, %s, %s, %s) returned:\n %s\n",
            argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4], pathname);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/dspclock.c0000755000076400001440000000477407055333736016267 // public domain TSR clock code. By Michelangelo Jones, 1:141/575 or
// 1:1/124. Very little support available; this is a quick hack, not
// an example of the best way to write a clock TSR! Use at own risk.
// Runs under TC++/BC++. Your mileage may vary.

#ifndef __HUGE__
#error "Must be compiled using HUGE model-- for now"
#endif

#include 

extern unsigned _heaplen = 0;
extern unsigned _stklen = 512;

static char * screenbase =
           (char *)                  MK_FP (0xb800, 0); // change for mono
static const long int * volatile ticks =                // to 0xb000, 0
           (long int * volatile)     MK_FP (0, 0x046c);

int calls, lastsec, lastmin, lasthr;
const double tps = 18.20648;          // found by experimentation!

void interrupt (*oldhandler)(void);

void displayclock (void)
{
    char *moveinto = screenbase + 300;
    char *initwith = "      :     :       ";

// NOTE: This initializer only works because the attribute I want for the
//       clock HAPPENS to be the same as the ASCII value for the SPACE char!
//       Modify every alternate character if you want some other attribute.

    while (*initwith)
        *moveinto++ = *initwith++;
    lastsec = -1;
    lastmin = -1;
    lasthr  = -1;
    calls   = 20;
}

void interrupt clockproc(void)
{
    static long seconds;

    if (calls < 17)
        calls++;
    else
    {
        seconds = (long) ((double) *ticks / tps);
        if (screenbase[301] != ' ') // if the attribute has changed,
            displayclock();         // the screen scrolled, so update.
        if (seconds % 60 != lastsec)
        {
            lastsec = seconds % 60;
            calls = 0;
            screenbase[314] = (char) (lastsec/10) + 48;
            screenbase[316] = (char) (lastsec%10) + 48;
            if ((! lastsec) || (lastmin < 0))
            {
                lastmin = (seconds % 3600) / 60;
                screenbase[308] = (char) (lastmin/10) + 48;
                screenbase[310] = (char) (lastmin%10) + 48;
                if ((! lastmin) || (lasthr < 0))
                {
                    lasthr = ((seconds % 86400L) / 3600L);
                    screenbase[302] = (char) (lasthr/10) + 48;
                    screenbase[304] = (char) (lasthr%10) + 48;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    oldhandler ();
}

void main(void)

{
    oldhandler = getvect (0x1c);
    displayclock();
    setvect (0x1c, clockproc);
    keep (0, (_SS + (_SP/16) - _psp));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/c_lines.awk0000755000076400001440000000244007055333662016423 # count lines in a C program, not counting comments, blank lines or 
# form feeds
# does separate count of preprocessor directives
# if a preprocessor directive is commented out, it does not count
#
# By: Dan Kozak
 
{
 if (file == "") {
  file = FILENAME
 }
 if (file != FILENAME) {
  printf("Number of lines in %s is: %d\n",file,nl+ppd)
  printf("Number of preprocessor directives is: %d\n",ppd)
  printf("Number of lines excluding preprocessor directives is: %d\n\n",nl)
  file = FILENAME
  tnl += nl
  tppd += ppd
  nl = 0
  ppd = 0
 }
 
 if ($0 == "") { ; }
 else if ($1 ~ /^\/\*/ && $NF ~ /\*\/$/) { ; }
 else if ($0 ~ /\/\*/ && $0 !~ /\*\//) { in_comment = 1 }
 else if ($0 !~ /\/\*/ && $0 ~ /\*\//) { in_comment = 0 }
 else if (in_comment) { ; }
 else if ($1 ~ /^#/) { ppd++ }
 else { nl++ }
}
 
END { printf("Number of lines in %s is: %d\n",file,nl+ppd)
      printf("Number of preprocessor directives is: %d\n",ppd)
      printf("Number of lines excluding preprocessor directives is: 
%d\n\n",nl)
      file = FILENAME
      tnl += nl
      tppd += ppd
      printf("Total number of lines is: %d\n",tnl+tppd)
      printf("Number of preprocessor directives is: %d\n",tppd)
      printf("Number of lines excluding preprocessor directives is: 
%d\n",tnl)
    }
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/chmod.c0000755000076400001440000001364407055333702015544 /*
**  CHMOD.C - Retrieve or change a DOS file's attributes
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
**
**  Notes: To expand command line arguments with wildcards,
**         TC/TC++/BC++  - Link in WILDARGS.OBJ.
**         MSC/QC        - Link in SETARGV.OBJ.
**         ZTC/C++       - Link in _MAINx.OBJ, where 'x' is the memory model.
**
**         Allows file list(s) using standard "@file_list_name" convention.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define LAST_CHAR(s) (s)[strlen(s)-1]

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include 
 #define FAR far
#else
 #include 

 #define BOOL(x) (!(!(x)))
 #define FAR _far

 #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 700)) || (defined(__SC__))
  // Make FP_xxx macros lvalues as in older versions
  #undef FP_SEG
  #undef FP_OFF
  #define FP_SEG(fp)    ((unsigned)((unsigned long)(fp) >> 16))
  #define FP_OFF(fp)    ((unsigned)(fp && 0xffff))
 #endif

 int _chmod(const char *path, int func, ...)
 {
       union REGS regs;
       struct SREGS sregs;
       int atr = 0;
       va_list args;

       if (0 != (func = BOOL(func)))
       {
            va_start(args, func);
            atr = va_arg(args, int);
       }
       regs.x.ax = 0x4300 + func;
       regs.x.dx = FP_OFF((char FAR *)path);
       regs.x.cx = atr;
       segread(&sregs);
       sregs.ds  = FP_SEG((char FAR *)path);
       intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);
       if (regs.x.cflag)
            return -1;
       if (func)
            return atr;
       else return regs.x.cx;
 }

 #ifndef FA_RDONLY
  #define FA_RDONLY _A_RDONLY
 #endif

 #ifndef FA_HIDDEN
  #define FA_HIDDEN _A_HIDDEN
 #endif

 #ifndef FA_SYSTEM
  #define FA_SYSTEM _A_SYSTEM
 #endif

 #ifndef FA_ARCH
  #define FA_ARCH   _A_ARCH
 #endif

 #ifndef FA_LABEL
  #define FA_LABEL  _A_VOLID
 #endif

 #ifndef FA_DIREC
  #define FA_DIREC  _A_SUBDIR
 #endif
#endif

int attrib,                   /* Set up new attributes here             */
    atr_setmask = 0,
    atr_clrmask = -1,
    flag = 0;                 /* Passed as func to _chmod()             */

void usage(void)              /* Tell 'em they messed up                */
{
      puts("Usage: CHMOD file [file [...file] [+switches] [-switches]");
      puts("Where switches are one or more of:");
      puts("    A: Archive");
      puts("    R: Read only");
      puts("    H: Hidden");
      puts("    S: System");
      puts("File lists may be specified with \"@file_list_name\"");
      puts("With no switches, diplays current attributes.");
      puts("Displayed attributes are as above plus:");
      puts("    D: Subdirectory");
      puts("    V: Volume label");
      exit(1);
}

void setattr(char atr)        /* Set bits in attribute                  */
{
      switch (toupper(atr))
      {
      case 'A':
            atr_setmask |= FA_ARCH;
            break;
      case 'R':
            atr_setmask |= FA_RDONLY;
            break;
      case 'S':
            atr_setmask |= FA_SYSTEM;
            break;
      case 'H':
            atr_setmask |= FA_HIDDEN;
            break;
      default:
            usage();
      }
}

void clrattr(char atr)        /* Clear bits in attribute                */
{
      switch (toupper(atr))
      {
      case 'A':
            atr_clrmask &= ~FA_ARCH;
            break;
      case 'R':
            atr_clrmask &= ~FA_RDONLY;
            break;
      case 'S':
            atr_clrmask &= ~FA_SYSTEM;
            break;
      case 'H':
            atr_clrmask &= ~FA_HIDDEN;
            break;
      default:
            usage();
      }
}

void show_atr(char *path)
{
      char astr[7], *ptr;

      if (-1 == (attrib = _chmod(strupr(path), 0)))
      {
ATR_ERR:    printf("\aCHMOD: Error! (file: %s)", path);
            exit(-1);
      }
      attrib |= atr_setmask;
      attrib &= atr_clrmask;
      if (-1 == (attrib = _chmod(path, flag, attrib)))
            goto ATR_ERR;
      ptr = astr;
      *ptr++ = (char)((attrib & FA_ARCH)   ? 'A' : '.');
      *ptr++ = (char)((attrib & FA_RDONLY) ? 'R' : '.');
      *ptr++ = (char)((attrib & FA_SYSTEM) ? 'S' : '.');
      *ptr++ = (char)((attrib & FA_HIDDEN) ? 'H' : '.');
      *ptr++ = (char)((attrib & FA_DIREC)  ? 'D' : '.');
      *ptr++ = (char)((attrib & FA_LABEL)  ? 'V' : '.');
      *ptr = '\0';
      printf("%-15s %s\n", path, astr);
}

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int i, j;

      if (2 > argc)
            usage();
      for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)    /* Build attribute masks            */
      {
            switch (*argv[i])
            {
            case '+':
                  for (j = 1; argv[i][j]; ++j)
                        setattr(argv[i][j]);
                  flag = 1;
                  break;
            case '-':
                  for (j = 1; argv[i][j]; ++j)
                        clrattr(argv[i][j]);
                  flag = 1;
                  break;
            default:
                  break;            /* Assume it's a file name          */
            }
      }
      for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)    /* Scan filenames                   */
      {
            if (strchr("+-", *argv[i]))
                  continue;
            if ('@' == *argv[i])
            {
                  FILE *fp;
                  char buf[256], *ptr = &argv[i][1];

                  if (NULL == (fp = fopen(ptr, "r")))
                  {
                        printf("\aCHMOD: Error opening %s\n", ptr);
                        return -1;
                  }
                  while (NULL != fgets(buf, 255, fp))
                  {
                        LAST_CHAR(buf) = '\0';  /* Strip '\n'           */
                        show_atr(buf);
                  }
                  fclose(fp);
            }
            else  show_atr(argv[i]);
      }
      return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/bascnvrt.c0000755000076400001440000000206407055333645016274 /*
**  BASCNVRT.C - Convert between number bases
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#ifdef TEST
 #include 
#endif

/*
**  Calling parameters: 1 - Number string to be converted
**                      2 - Buffer for the  converted output
**                      3 - Radix (base) of the input
**                      4 - Radix of the output
**
**  Returns: Pointer to converted output
*/

char *base_convert(const char *in, char *out, int rin, int rout)
{
      long n;
      char *dummy;

      n = strtol(in, &dummy, rin);
      return ltoa(n, out, rout);
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int rin, rout;
      char buf[40];

      if (4 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: BASCNVRT   ");
            return(-1);
      }
      rin  = atoi(argv[2]);
      rout = atoi(argv[3]);
      printf("%s (base %d) = %s (base %d)\n", argv[1], rin,
            base_convert((const char *)argv[1], buf, rin, rout), rout);
      return 0;
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/trapflag.asm0000755000076400001440000000745607055334311016611         PAGE ,132

;  Install a custom Interrupt 23 (Ctrl-C exception) handler
;
;  Public domain by Bob Stout
;
;  Requires MASM 5.1 or later or equivalent
;
;  Assemble with:       MASM /Mx /z ...
;                       TASM /jMASM /mx /z ...

%       .MODEL  memodel,C               ;Add model support via command
                                        ;line macros, e.g.
                                        ;MASM /Dmemodel=LARGE

kbstatseg       equ     40h
kbstatofs       equ     17h
ctl_on          equ     0100b
alt_on          equ     1000b
sk_c            equ     2eh
EOI             equ     20h
PIC             equ     20h
kb_inp          equ     60h
kb_outp         equ     61h

        .CODE

_oldvec09       dd      ?
_oldvec1b       dd      ?

        public  ccrcvd

ccrcvd          dw      0

;
;  This is our actual ISR
;
myint09:
        push    ax                      ;save AX...
        pushf                           ;  ...& flags
        in      al,kb_inp               ;get scan code
        cmp     al,sk_c                 ;'C'?
        jne     do_old                  ;no, forget it

        push    ax                      ;yes, save it...
        push    es                      ;...& ES reg
        mov     ax,kbstatseg            ;read keyboard status from 40:17
        mov     es,ax
        mov     al,es:kbstatofs
        test    al,ctl_on               ;Ctrl pressed?
        pop     es                      ;(restore AX, ES)
        pop     ax
        jz      do_old                  ;no, forget it

        in      al,kb_outp              ;yes, toggle keyboard acknowledge line
        mov     ah,al
        or      al,80h
        out     kb_outp,al
        xchg    al,ah
        out     kb_outp,al
        cli
        mov     ax,EOI                  ;send end-of-interrupt code
        out     PIC,al
        mov     ax,1
        mov     CS:ccrcvd,ax
        pop     ax                      ;discard original flags...
        pop     ax                      ; ...& AX
        iret                            ;all done
do_old:
        popf                            ;restore flags...
        pop     ax                      ; ...& AX
        jmp     dword PTR CS:_oldvec09  ;call our handler

;
;  To avoid keyboard confusion, trap Ctrl-Break separately
;
myint1b:
        push    ax
        pushf
        mov     ax,-1
        mov     CS:ccrcvd,ax
        popf
        pop     ax
        iret

;
;  Call this to uninstall our ISR
;
undo09  PROC    USES DX DS AX
        mov     dx, word PTR CS:_oldvec09 ;restore original keyboard vector
        mov     ds, word PTR CS:_oldvec09+2
        mov     ax,2509h
        int     21h

        mov     dx, word PTR CS:_oldvec1b ;restore original keyboard vector
        mov     ds, word PTR CS:_oldvec1b+2
        mov     ax,251bh
        int     21h

        ret
undo09  ENDP

;
;  Call this to install  our ISR
;
ins09   PROC    USES AX BX DS ES

        mov     ax,3509h                ;get old keyboard ISR vector...
        int     21h
        mov     word PTR CS:_oldvec09,bx
        mov     word PTR CS:_oldvec09+2,es ;...and save it

        mov     ax,351bh                ;get old exit vector...
        int     21h
        mov     word PTR CS:_oldvec1b,bx
        mov     word PTR CS:_oldvec1b+2,es ;...and save it

        push    cs                      ;get myint09 segment in DS
        pop     ds
        mov     dx, OFFSET myint09      ;install myint09 in int 09h
        mov     ax,2509h
        int     21h

        push    cs                      ;get myint1b segment in DS
        pop     ds
        mov     dx, OFFSET myint1b      ;install myint1b in int 1bh
        mov     ax,251bh
        int     21h

        ret
ins09   ENDP

        end
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mktone.c0000755000076400001440000000222207055334103015731 /*
**  MKTONE.C
**
**  Original Copyright 1988-1991 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is functionally identical to the
**  version originally published by the author in Tech Specialist
**  magazine and is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include "uclock.h"
#include "sound.h"

static int usec_timeout(uclock_t start, uclock_t finish, uclock_t usecs)
{
      if (usecs >= (finish - start))
            return 0;
      else  return 1;
}

void dosound(int freq)
{
      unsigned i;

      outp(C8253, SETIMER);
      i = (unsigned)freq%256;
      outp(F8253, i);
      i = (unsigned)freq/256;
      outp(F8253, i);
}

void mktone(int freq, int update, unsigned delay)
{
      uclock_t start;

      if (0 == freq)
      {
            soundoff();
            return;
      }
      dosound(freq);
      if (update != UPDATE)
            soundon();
      if (delay == 0)
            return;
      start = usec_clock();
      while (!usec_timeout(start, usec_clock(), 1000L * (long)delay))
            ;
      if (update == TOGGLE)
            soundoff();
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/jgrep.c0000755000076400001440000001113107055334031015542 /*
**  JGREP.C - A utility to search files for text.
**
**  public domain by Jerry Coffin
**
**  Link with wildargs.obj (Borland), setargv.obj (Microsoft), _mainX.obj 
**  (Symantech/Zortech), or wildargX.obj (Watcom) which allows you to pass 
**  wildcards on the command line.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define LINELEN 1024
#define BUFSIZE 32767

#if defined(_QC) || defined(_MSC_VER)
    void _cdecl _setenvp(void) {}
    void _cdecl _nullcheck(void) {}
#endif

enum { FALSE, TRUE };

typedef unsigned char uchar;

static size_t table[UCHAR_MAX+1];
static size_t len;
static char *string=NULL;

void init_find(char *new_string)
{
      size_t i;

      if (NULL != string)
            free(string);
      string = strdup(new_string);
      len = strlen(string);

      for (i=0;i<=UCHAR_MAX;i++)
            table[i]=len;
      for (i=0;i0)
                  pos+=shift;
            if (0==shift)
            {
                  if (!memcmp(string,here=string2+pos-len+1,len))
                        return(here);
                  else  pos++;
            }
      }
      return NULL;
}

char *find_no_case(char *string2)
{
      size_t limit = strlen(string2);
      size_t shift;
      size_t pos=len-1;
      char *here;

      while (pos < limit)
      {
            while( pos < limit &&
                  (shift=table[(uchar)toupper(string2[pos])])>0)
            {
                  pos+=shift;
            }
            if (0==shift)
            {
                  if (!memicmp(string,here=string2+pos-len+1,len))
                        return(here);
                  else  pos++;
            }
      }
      return NULL;
}

char *( *find)    (char *)=find_case;

int _cdecl main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      int         k, first;
      unsigned    line;
      int line_numbers=FALSE, reverse=FALSE, print_file_name=FALSE;
      int no_case = TRUE;
      char line_buffer[LINELEN],*string,c;
      FILE *infile=NULL;
      static char buffer[BUFSIZE];

      while ((c=argv[1][0])=='/' || c=='-')
      {
            switch(tolower(argv[1][1]))
            {
            case 'c':
            case 'y':
                  no_case=FALSE;
                  break;

            case 'f':
                  print_file_name=TRUE;

            case 'n':
                  line_numbers=TRUE;
                  break;

            case 'v':
                  reverse = TRUE;
                  break;

            default:
                  fprintf(stderr,"unknown switch -%c",argv[1][1]);
            }
            argv++;
            argc--;
      }
      if (argc < 3)
      {
            fprintf(stderr ,"\nsyntax: find [-c|y][-n][-v][-f] "
                  "string filename ..."
                  "\n\t-c | -y : make case significant ('c' != 'C')"
                  "\n\t-n      : number lines"
                  "\n\t-f      : place file name before lines ( forces -n)"
                  "\n\t-v      : print lines that don't match"
                  "\n - by itself to read from standard input");
            return(1);
      }

      string=argv[1];
      if (no_case)
      {
            strupr(string);
            find=find_no_case;
      }
      init_find(string);
      for (k=2;k
#include 

#define NUL '\0'

void psplit(char *path, char *drv, char *dir, char *fname, char *ext)
{
      char ch, *ptr, *p;

      /* convert slashes to backslashes for searching       */

      for (ptr = path; *ptr; ++ptr)
      {
            if ('/' == *ptr)
                  *ptr = '\\';
      }

      /* look for drive spec                                */

      if (NULL != (ptr = strchr(path, ':')))
      {
            ++ptr;
            if (drv)
            {
                  strncpy(drv, path, ptr - path);
                  drv[ptr - path] = NUL;
            }
            path = ptr;
      }
      else if (drv)
            *drv = NUL;
      
      /* find rightmost backslash or leftmost colon         */

      if (NULL == (ptr = strrchr(path, '\\')))
            ptr = (strchr(path, ':'));

      if (!ptr)
      {
            ptr = path;             /* obviously, no path   */
            if (dir)
                  *dir = NUL;
      }
      else
      {
            ++ptr;                  /* skip the delimiter   */
            if (dir)
            {
                  ch = *ptr;
                  *ptr = NUL;
                  strcpy(dir, path);
                  *ptr = ch;
            }
      }

      if (NULL == (p = strrchr(ptr, '.')))
      {
            if (fname)
                  strcpy(fname, ptr);
            if (ext)
                  *ext = NUL;
      }
      else
      {
            *p = NUL;
            if (fname)
                  strcpy(fname, ptr);
            *p = '.';
            if (ext)
                  strcpy(ext, p);
      }
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      char drive[10], pathname[FILENAME_MAX], fname[9], ext[5];

      while (--argc)
      {
            psplit(*++argv, drive, pathname, fname, ext);
            printf("psplit(%s) returns:\n drive = %s\n path  = %s\n"
                  " name  = %s\n ext   = %s\n",
                  *argv, drive, pathname, fname, ext);
      }
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pluraltx.c0000755000076400001440000000062407055334140016314 /*
**  PLURALTX.C - How to print proper plurals
**
**  public domain - original algorithm by Bob Stout
*/

#include 

#define plural_text(n) &"s"[(1 == (n))]
#define plural_text2(n) &"es"[(1 == (n)) << 1]

void main(void)
{
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
            printf("%d thing%s in %d box%s\n", i, plural_text(i),
                  i, plural_text2(i));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/hugeread.c0000755000076400001440000001335607055334013016232 /*
**  HUGEREAD.C - "Universal" PC read and write functions using huge data
**               and far pointers.
**
**  NOTES:
**
**  1. If these functions are called with a prototype in scope, passed
**     parameters will be coerced to the proper data types.
**
**  2. Since these call read() and write(), all normal mode flags which
**     are supported by individual compilers will be honored.
**
**  3. In small data memory models (S, T, and M), an intermediate buffer
**     is allocated and used. In large data models (L and C), the data
**     are read/written directly from/to target memory.
**
**  4. Like many mixed-model functions, this may generate lots of warnings
**     with many compilers. Despite this, it really does generate correct
**     code for all major PC compilers.
**
**  Original Copyright 1992 by Bob Stout as part of
**  the MicroFirm Function Library (MFL)
**
**  This subset version is hereby donated to the public domain.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define FAR far
#else
 #define FAR _far
#endif

#ifndef min
 #define min(x,y) (((x) <= (y)) ? (x) : (y))
#endif

#ifndef MK_FP
 #define MK_FP(seg,offset) \
        ((void FAR *)(((unsigned long)(seg)<<16) | (unsigned)(offset)))
#endif

/*
**  Get the largest buffer possible.
*/

static size_t gettmp(char **buf)
{
      size_t bufsiz;

      for (bufsiz = 0x4000; bufsiz >= 128; bufsiz >>= 1)
      {
            if (NULL != (*buf = (char *) malloc(bufsiz)))
                  return bufsiz;
      }
      return 0;
}

/*
**  Normalize a far pointer
*/

void FAR *farnormal(void FAR *ptr)
{
      unsigned long base, para;

      base = (unsigned long)(ptr & 0xffff000fL);
      para = (unsigned long)(ptr & 0x0000fff0L);
      para <<= 12;
      return (void FAR *)(base + para);
}

/*
**  Read any size block to anywhere in memory
*/

long hugeread(int fh, char FAR *buf, long size)
{
      long count;
      size_t bufsiz;
      char *tmp;
      long ercode = size;

      if (4 > sizeof(void *))
      {
            if (0 == (bufsiz = gettmp(&tmp)))
                  return -1L;
      }
      else
      {
            tmp = (char *)buf;
            bufsiz = 0x4000;
      }

      while (0 < (count = min(size, (long)bufsiz)))
      {
            int i, numread = read(fh, tmp, (size_t)count);

            if (1 > numread || numread != (int)count)
                  return -1L;
            if (4 > sizeof(void *))
            {
                  for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                        buf[i] = tmp[i];
            }
            buf = farnormal(buf + count);
            size -= count;
            if (2 < sizeof(void *))
                  tmp = (char *)buf;
      }
      return ercode;
}

/*
**  Write any size block from anywhere in memory
*/

long hugewrite(int fh, char FAR *buf, long size)
{
      long count;
      size_t bufsiz;
      char *tmp;
      long ercode = size;

      if (4 > sizeof(void *))
      {
            if (0 == (bufsiz = gettmp(&tmp)))
                  return -1L;
      }
      else
      {
            tmp = (char *)buf;
            bufsiz = 0x4000;
      }

      while (0 < (count = min(size, (long)bufsiz)))
      {
            int i, numwrite;

            if (4 > sizeof(void *))
            {
                  for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                        tmp[i] = buf[i];
            }
            numwrite = write(fh, tmp, (size_t)count);
            if (1 > numwrite || numwrite != (int)count)
                  return -1L;
            buf = farnormal(buf + count);
            size -= count;
            if (2 < sizeof(void *))
                  tmp = (char *)buf;
      }
      return ercode;
}

/*
**  Read any size block to anywhere in memory
*/

long hugefread(FILE *fp, char FAR *buf, long size)
{
      long count;
      size_t bufsiz;
      char *tmp;
      long ercode = size;

      if (4 > sizeof(void *))
      {
            if (0 == (bufsiz = gettmp(&tmp)))
                  return -1L;
      }
      else
      {
            tmp = (char *)buf;
            bufsiz = 0x4000;
      }

      while (0 < (count = min(size, (long)bufsiz)))
      {
            int i, numread = fread(tmp, 1, (size_t)count, fp);

            if (1 > numread || numread != (int)count)
                  return -1L;
            if (4 > sizeof(void *))
            {
                  for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                        buf[i] = tmp[i];
            }
            buf = farnormal(buf + count);
            size -= count;
            if (2 < sizeof(void *))
                  tmp = (char *)buf;
      }
      return ercode;
}

/*
**  Write any size block from anywhere in memory
*/

long hugefwrite(FILE *fp, char FAR *buf, long size)
{
      long count;
      size_t bufsiz;
      char *tmp;
      long ercode = size;

      if (4 > sizeof(void *))
      {
            if (0 == (bufsiz = gettmp(&tmp)))
                  return -1L;
      }
      else
      {
            tmp = (char *)buf;
            bufsiz = 0x4000;
      }

      while (0 < (count = min(size, (long)bufsiz)))
      {
            int i, numwrite;

            if (4 > sizeof(void *))
            {
                  for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                        tmp[i] = buf[i];
            }
            numwrite = fwrite(tmp, 1, (size_t)count, fp);
            if (1 > numwrite || numwrite != (int)count)
                  return -1L;
            buf = farnormal(buf + count);
            size -= count;
            if (2 < sizeof(void *))
                  tmp = (char *)buf;
      }
      return ercode;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/c_port.txt0000755000076400001440000003052607055333665016343 
=====[ Ed Hopper's BBS #1 ]=====[  8-04-91 ]=====[  9:55.22 ]=====


Date: 08-02-91 (09:40)       C-Lang Number: 26406 (Echo)
  To: ALL                      
From: JOSEPH CARNAGE                  Read: 08-03-91 (10:56)
City: DUNEDIN FL                   Last On: 02-28-91 (22:53)
Subj: Portable, clean code #1  

               How to write portable clean source code
               ---------------------------------------

A common concern with programmers new to Axiom is writing portable
code.  There a number of tricks and guide lines which may help with
this.  In no particular order:

  --  Use full ANSI prototypes with all arguments declared.  For
      function pointers, declare their expected arguments.  For
      prototypes for functions which accept function pointers, do not
      declare the expected arguments for the function pointer
      argument.

      It is good practice to put dummy variable names in prototypes as
      this adds readability.

  --  Explicitly type all variables and functions.  Never rely on them
      defaulting to int.

  --  Pay a little care to the ternary operator ? :, and parenthesize
      heavily.  A very few compilers have problems with the default
      order of evaluation for the ternary operator.

  --  Never ever name a variable identically to a function.  This is
      most especially true of statics or globals.  This sort of error
      can cause weird hidden linker problems which cause bizarre
      results at runtime and are difficult to trace.

  --  Never ever name a screen, form, data field etc identically to a
      variable or function as this can cause weird and non-reported
      linker errors in the final executable which can be very
      difficult to locate.

  --  Do not nest comments.  If you want to block off a section of
      code temporarily, use #ifdef/#endif.  eg.

           ...code...
         #ifdef JUNK /* Unwanted code */
           ...more code...
         #endif /* JUNK */
           ...yet more code...

  --  Run PC-Lint on all code, and handle ALL errors and warnings.

  --  Read the "Frequently Asked Questions" document and understand
      fully.

  --  Read K&R thoroughly and everywhere it mentions "implementation
      dependant", or "new" features not "supported by all compilers",
      avoid those areas.  Examples are bit fields, passing structures
      to functions, returning structures from functions, and the
      volatile type.  These are not supported by all compilers.

  --  In areas where the ANSI standard advances on the old K&R, but
      still allows the K&R form, follow K&R.  An example is using
      function pointers.  If you are unsure what areas this covers,
      don't worry, just stick with K&R.  eg.

      Given:

        int (*prj_afunc) (); /* Pointer to function which returns int */

      ANSI allows the pointed to function be called as so:

        prj_afunc (xxx, yyy);

      K&R specifies that it should be called:

        *prj-afunc (xxx, yyy);

      Use the K&R form, which ANSI still allows, and all compilers
      support.

  --  Do not use the new // comments.  Stay with the /* comment */
      form.

  --  Do not indent #ifdefs, #defines, #pragmas, or other preprocessor
      directives.  Some compilers allow code as such:

        #ifdef DEBUG
          #define TEST 1
        #endif

      or

        #ifdef FINAL
        #  ifdef DEBUG
        #    define TEST 1
        #  endif
        #endif

      But by no means all.  Use white space if needed to delineate
      #ifdef/endif blocks and comment liberally:

        #ifdef FINAL

        #ifdef DEBUG
        #define TEST 1
        #endif /* DEBUG*/

        #endif /* FINAL */

  --  Do not use the ANSI string literal concatenation features.  eg.

        printf ("This is ANSI but"
        "unportable code.\n");

      for long string literals.  Under ANSI the the compiler should
      concatenate the two string literals into one, but not all ANSI
      compilers support this feature yet.  If you need a very long
      string literal use a form as so:

        printf ("%s%s",
        "this is",
        "portable code.\n");

      or just use a very long string literal.

  --  Stay away from ints except for trash and temp values.  Ints vary
      in size depending upon the memory model under DOS, and legally
      may be any size between shorts and longs inclusive.

      Try to use shorts or longs if possible, as these are of fairly
      constant size on most platforms.  On most platforms, but by no
      means all, shorts are usually words and longs word pairs.

  --  Beware of assigning a pointer of one type to a pointer of a
      higher type.  Most platforms seem to insist that the addresses
      stored in pointers are alligned per the pointer's base type.

      What this means is that the value stored in a pointer to a long,
      in itself will be alligned as a long is.  If longs are alligned
      on even word boundaries, then so will the value of long pointer.

      This can result in memory allignment errors which can be
      extremely difficult to track down.  Casting will not help.

      DOS has few memory allignment requirements, but for Unix and VMS
      you can expect types to be alligned to their sizes (see the
      compiler manuals for specifics).  What this means to pointers is
      that with code such as:

        short *pj2_value;  /* Assume that shorts are alligned to words */
        long *pj4_number;  /* and longs to even word boundaries */

        pj4_number = pj2_value;

      that the value assigned to pj4_number may be as far as two bytes
      different from that in pj2_value.  ie

        Let's say that the address stored is pj2_value is:

          *pj2_value == 0000:0006 /* Alligned to word */

        and you make the assignment:

          pj4_number = pj2_value;

       After this, the value of pj4_number will be either 0000:0004,
       or 0000:0008 to shift it to even word allignment.  The
       direction of the shift seems to be compiler/implementation
       dependant.

       This bug is often erratic at runtime depending upon the
       allignment of automatics.  This sort of bug is especically
       difficult to track when coming up from a void pointer.

  --  Be wary of relying on memory allignment in structures and
      unions.  Different compiler implmentations allign differently,
      and #pragmas or command line arguments to the compiler can
      change allignment at compile time.  See the compiler manuals for
      specific details.

      This will usually require you to either read in each member
      individually, or to perform explicit padding when reading
      structure data from disk.  eg. lic1.c & v_lic_pad() in the Axiom
      library.

  --  Where possible use sizeof(identifier) rather than sizeof(type)
      or a #defined constant. This can help in tracing down bugs and
      makes for greater readability.  eg.

          #define M_DATA 100
          short aj2_numbers[M_DATA];

        /* This example requires the reader to remember that
        aj2_numbers has M_DATA elements, is overly complex, and
        presumes that aj2_numbers will always be shorts.  This code
        will likely break if anything is later changed. */

          memcpy (aj2_numbers, pj2_input, M_DATA * sizeof (short));

        /* This is ideal -- sizeof(aj2_numbers) will return the total
        space allocated to the array, no matter what the type may be,
        or what is changed later.  It makes no assumptions of the
        reader. */

          memcpy (aj2_numbers, pj2_input, sizeof (aj2_numbers));

  --  Beware of comparing structures or unions with functions such as
      memcmp() as the padding/allignment spaces will have random and
      likely different values.  If you need to compare structures
      you'll have to do it member by member.

  --  Never assign structures to each other directly.  Some compilers
      allow structure assignments, some don't.

        struct t_data s_struc1;
        struct t_data s_struc2;

        s_struc2 = s_struc1; /* Unportable code */

      Note however that you can copy structures via pointers as need
      be:

        struct t_data *ps_struc1;
        struct t_data *ps_struc2;

        ps_struc1 = xxx;
        ps_struc2 = yyy;

        *ps_struc2 = *ps_struc1; /* Copy structure 1 to 2 */

      Rather than assigning each member over individually.  The
      functions memcpy() and memmove() are other portable ways.

  --  Beware of passing chars or shorts to functions.  These get
      promoted to ints, and with some compilers problems from there on
      out abound horrendously.  This is especially true of chars where
      some compilers occassionally extract the wrong byte from the
      promoted int in the recieving function.

  --  Be careful passing floats to functions as some compilers promote
      floats to doubles when passing them as an argument.  This can
      cause spurious warnings and and strange side effects.

  --  Explicitly cast assignments and expressions as needed, and
      carefully watch that you really don't need to make those
      identifiers of that type originally.  While the promotion order
      is constant across implementations, the size of the types
      aren't.  This can cause difficult side effects.

      If your code needs a lot of casts to get past Lint, then you
      probably need to rethink some of your approaches.

  --  Take care to cast all #defined constants if in doubt.  For large
      values (longs), always cast as longs, or place an 'L' at the end
      of the constant.  Some compilers handle this area erraticly if
      left up to them.

  --  Never ever rely on order of evaluation of function parameters.
      This can occur when listing a funtion call as a parameter to
      another funtion, or as an unintentional side effect from passing
      assignments or function calls as parameters.

        char *pc_modify (char *);

        printf ("This string [%s] becomes [%s]\n",
        pc_string, pc_modify (pc_string)); /* Bad code */

  --  Do not use NULL for anything but pointers.  Do not use NULL for
      string terminations: use the ASCII constant NUL, '\0', or a
      #defined type which equates to that.

  --  Never EVER pass a #defined macro an incremented or decremented
      value (++,or  --) or an assignment as a parameter.  This is
      because many #defined macros may reference their arguments
      multiple times.  This is especially true of the macros #defined
      in ctype.h.

      eg.

        #define iscsymf(c)   (isalpha(c) || ((c) == '_'))

     If called as so:

       iscsym(var++);

     it will be expanded by the preprocessor to:

        (isalpha(var++) || ((var++) == '_'))

     with var being incremented twice.

  --  Avoid passing any functions incremented or decremented values
      ("++" or "--"), or assignments.  Some standard and commercial
      library calls are actually #defined macros.  This type of
      "error" can lead to order of evaluation problems as different
      compilers process function arguments in different orders.

  --  Explicitly initialise pointers.  Do not rely on calloc(),
      memset() or other such functions to initialise pointers.
      Initialise them explicitly.

"K&R" as mentioned above refers to "The C Programming Language"
written by Brian W Kernighan & Dennis M Ritchie.

"PC-Lint" is a commercial version of Lint for the PC, as sold by
Gimpel Software.  PC-Lint is generally acknowledged as the tightest
and most discerning Lint on any platform.

There are several books which cover the areas of portable code which
may also help:

      "C Programming Guidelines"
      by Thomas Plum
      pub. by Plum Hall
      ISBN 0-911537-03-1

      "Portability and the C Language"
      by Rex Jaeschke
      pub. by Hayden Books
      ISBN 0-672-48428-5

      "Portable C Software"
      by Mark R. Horton
      pub. by Prentice Hall
      ISBN 0-13-868050-7

      "Portable C"
      by Henry Rabinowitz & Chaim Schaap
      pub. by Prentice Hall
      ISBN 0-13-685967-4

      "Portable C and Unix System Programming"
      by J.E. Lapin
      pub. Prentice-Hall
      ISBN 0-13-686494-5

[END]
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/mystream.cpp0000755000076400001440000000732007055334122016642 // Mystream.cpp
// Implementation of ios interface classes for Myio
//
// Written by David L. Nugent
//

# include 
# include "Mystream.h"
# if defined(_MSC_VER)
#  include 
# else
#  include 
# endif

    // Mystreambuf constructor
    // This simply initialises the base class streambuf
    // (it is initially empty with no buffer allocated)
    // and register the Myio object
    // Note: we _could_ set the stream unbuffered here,
    // which is useful for stdio handles, so that the
    // streambuf functions overflow() and underflow()
    // get called on every character rather than when
    // the streambuf buffer is full

Mystreambuf::Mystreambuf (Myio * mPtr)
    : streambuf (), mptr(mPtr)
{
//  unbuffered(1);  // Uncomment to make unbuffered
}

    // Mystreambuf()
    // Called when streambuf owned buffer is full
    // or when stream is flushed
    // Our job here is to empty the streambuf
    // write buffer and reset the 'put' pointers.

int
Mystreambuf::overflow (int c)
{
    int written;

        // Handle unbuffered stream

    if (unbuffered())       // Handle the simple case first
    {
        if (c == EOF)   // Special case, this only flushes
            return 0;
        char ch = char(c);  // Write the byte directly
        written = mptr->write (&ch, 1);
        return (written) ? c : EOF;
    }

        // Handle buffered stream

    if (!base())        // Need to allocate a buffer
        allocate();

    if (base())         // Test for memory allocation error
    {
        char * ep = base() + (blen() / 2);
        if (!pbase())   // Set put pointers if not set up
            setp (base(), ep);
        int bytes = pptr() - pbase();   // Bytes to write
        if (bytes)
        {
            written = mptr->write (pbase(), bytes);
            if (!written)
                return EOF;
            bytes += written;
            if (bytes)  // Some is still waiting to be written
                memcpy (base(), base() + written, bytes);
        }
        setp (base() + bytes, ep);  // Reset 'put' pointers
        return (c == EOF) ? 0 : sputc (c);  // Put pending chr in buf
    }
    return EOF;
}

    //
    // underflow() indicates that the input queue
    // is empty and needs more data
    //

int
Mystreambuf::underflow (void)
{
    int bytes;

        // Handle an unbuffered stream

    if (unbuffered())
    {
        bytes = mptr->read (&_back[1], 1);
        if (!bytes)
        {
            setg (0, 0, 0);
            return EOF;
        }
        setg (_back, _back + 1, _back + 2);
        return (unsigned char)_back[1];
    }

        // Handle a buffered stream

    if (!base())        // Need to allocate a buffer
        allocate();

    if (base())
    {
        char * gp = base() + blen() / 2;
        if (gptr() >= egptr())
        {                   // Read into the buffer from stream
            overflow ();    // Flush output in case we need it
            bytes = mptr->read (gp + 1, blen() / 2 - 1);
            setg (gp, gp + 1, gp + bytes + 1);
        }
        if (gptr() < egptr())   // Get from buffer
            return (unsigned char) *gptr();
    }
    return EOF;
}

    //
    // sync() needs to empty both put and get
    // buffered. It will do this by calling
    // overflow and simply resetting the get
    // pointers to their default location.
    //

int
Mystreambuf::sync (void)
{
    if (!unbuffered())
    {
        overflow ();                // Force output
        char * gp = base();
        setp (gp, gp + blen() / 2);
        gp = base() + blen() / 2;
        setg (0, 0, 0);
    }
    return 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/drivsrch.c0000755000076400001440000000442207055333733016274 /*
**  DRIVSRCH.C - public domain by Marty Connelly, Victoria, BC 1992
**
**  Modified by Bob Stout
**  
**  Routine checks how many valid disk drives are available on machine,
**  both physical and logical drives
*/

/*
**  Includes drive letters assigned with DOS SUBST command
**
**  Networked drives are left as an exercise as I don't have access
**  to them to check.
**
**  The routine uses undocumented DOS interrupt 32H.
**
**  Compatible with MSC 5 and 6, ZTC++, BC++, other DOS compilers
**
**  DS:BX contains the address of the Disk Parameter Block (DPB) for a
**  requested drive. If the drive letter at offset 0 of the DPB doesn't
**  match the requested drive, then the drive has been SUBST'ed.
*/

#include 
#include 

#if !defined(MK_FP)
    #define MK_FP(seg,off) ((void far *)(((long)(seg) << 16)|(unsigned)(off)))
#endif

#ifdef __TURBOC__
 #define _far far
#endif

void main(void)
{
      int i;
      int unsigned result;
      int drivestatus[26];
      unsigned char _far *DPB;
      union REGS regs;
      struct SREGS sregs;


      /* routine checks for all valid drive possibilities from A to Z  */

      /*
      **    if removeable media drive ie. floppy drive A: has a latch door
      **    open you will get "Abort Retry" panic message
      */

      for (i = 0; i < 26; i++)
      {
            /* drive number (0=default, 1=A, 2=B,etc.)*/

            regs.h.dl = (unsigned char)(i + 1);
            segread(&sregs);

            regs.h.ah=0x32;         /* DOS interrupt 32H */
                                    /* was undocumented for DOS release 3.2 */

            intdosx(®s,®s, &sregs);

            result=regs.h.al;
            DPB = MK_FP(sregs.ds, regs.x.bx);

            /*
            **  result =0  then valid drive
            **         =255 or ff hex then invalid or non-existent drive
            */

            if (0 == result && *DPB != (unsigned char)i)
                  drivestatus[i] = 1;
            else  drivestatus[i]=result;
      }

      for (i = 0; i < 26; i = i + 2)
      {
            printf("drive %c: status code =%3d drive %c: status code =%3d\n",
                  'A' + i,drivestatus[i],'B' + i,drivestatus[i+1]);
      }
      return;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/wb_fcopy.c0000755000076400001440000000504407055334332016255 /* 
** by: Walter Bright via Usenet C newsgroup
**
** modified by: Bob Stout based on a recommendation by Ray Gardner
**
** modified by: David Gersic to deal with binary files
**
** There is no point in going to asm to get high speed file copies. Since it
** is inherently disk-bound, there is no sense (unless tiny code size is
** the goal). Here's a C version that you'll find is as fast as any asm code
** for files larger than a few bytes (the trick is to use large disk buffers):
**
** To compile file_copy(), define Afilecopy=1 on the command line
** To compile file_append(), define Afileappe=1 on the command line
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#if !defined(__ZTC__) && !defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include 
#endif

#include 

#if Afilecopy
 int file_copy(char *from, char *to)
#else
 int file_append(char *from, char *to)
#endif
{
      int fdfrom,fdto;
      int bufsiz;

      fdfrom = open(from,O_RDONLY|O_BINARY,0);
      if (fdfrom < 0)
            return 1;
#if Afileappe

      /* Open R/W by owner, R by everyone else        */

      fdto=open(to,O_BINARY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND|O_RDWR,S_IREAD|S_IWRITE);
      if (fdto < 0)
            goto err;
#else
      fdto=open(to,O_BINARY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_RDWR,S_IREAD|S_IWRITE);
      if (fdto < 0)
            goto err;
#endif

      /* Use the largest buffer we can get    */

      for (bufsiz = 0x4000; bufsiz >= 128; bufsiz >>= 1)
      {
            register char *buffer;

            buffer = (char *) malloc(bufsiz);
            if (buffer)
            {
                  while (1)
                  {
                        register int n;

                        n = read(fdfrom,buffer,bufsiz);
                        if (n == -1)                /* if error             */
                              break;
                        if (n == 0)                 /* if end of file       */
                        {
                              free(buffer);
                              close(fdto);
                              close(fdfrom);
                              return 0;             /* success              */
                        }
                        if (n != write(fdto,buffer,(unsigned) n))
                              break;
                  }
                  free(buffer);
                  break;
            }
      }
err2: close(fdto);
      remove(to);                               /* delete any partial file  */
err:  close(fdfrom);
      return 1;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/playdemo.c0000755000076400001440000000142007055334137016254 /*
**  PLAYDEMO.C - demo of background music functions
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include "uclock.h"
#include "sound.h"

main()
{
      int i;

      if (!playb_open(1024))
      {
            puts("\aError opening play buffer");
            return -1;
      }
      playb_note(C3, 8);
      playb_note(REST, 2);
      playb_note(C3, 8);
      playb_note(REST, 2);
      playb_note(E3, 8);
      playb_note(REST, 2);
      playb_note(E3, 8);
      playb_note(REST, 2);
      playb_note(G3, 8);
      playb_note(REST, 2);
      playb_note(G3, 8);
      playb_note(REST, 2);
      playb_note(E3, 18);
      playb_note(REST, 2);
      for (i = 0; i < 500; ++i)
            printf("i = %d\n", i);
      playb_close();
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/srchfile.c0000755000076400001440000001360107055334250016241 /*
**  SRCHFILE.C - Functions for searching files
**
**  public domain by Bob Stout
**
**  Note: Although this snippet demonstrates some useful techniques, even
**        the fast text searching algorithm used can't provide particularly
**        good performance. Left as an exercise for the user is to perform
**        explicit buffering using fread() rather than fgets() as is used
**        here. See CHBYTES.C in SNIPPETS for how to perform searches in
**        user-managed buffers.
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define SUCCESS 0

/*
**  Allocate a big buffer, use it to buffer a specified stream
*/

static size_t fsetup(FILE *fp, size_t minbuf)
{
      register size_t bufsize;
      register char *buffer;

      /* Allocate the largest buffer we can */

      for (bufsize = 0x4000; bufsize >= minbuf; bufsize >>= 1)
      {
            if (NULL != (buffer = (char *) malloc(bufsize)))
                  break;
      }
      if (NULL == buffer)
            return 0;

      /* Use the buffer to buffer the file */

      if (SUCCESS == setvbuf(fp, buffer, _IOFBF, bufsize))
            return bufsize;
      else  return 0;
}

/*
**  Search a file for a pattern match (forward)
**
**  Arguments: FILE pointer
**             pattern to search for
**             size of pattern
**             find Nth occurance
**
**  Returns: -1L if pattern not found
**           -2L in case of error
*/

long ffsearch(FILE *fp, const char *pattern, const size_t size, int N)
{
      long pos = -2L, tempos = 0L;
      char *sbuf, *p;
      size_t i, skip;
      int ch = 0;

      /* Allocate a search buffer */

      if (NULL == (sbuf = (char *)malloc(size - 1)))
            goto FDONE;

      /* Buffer the file and position us within it */

      if (0 == fsetup(fp, size))
            goto FDONE;
      pos = -1L;
      fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_SET);

      /* Set up for smart searching */

      if (1 < strlen(pattern) && NULL != (p = strchr(pattern + 1, *pattern)))
            skip = p - (char *)pattern;
      else  skip = strlen(pattern);

      /* Look for the pattern */

      while (EOF != ch)
      {
            if (EOF == (ch = fgetc(fp)))
                  break;
            if ((int)*pattern == ch)
            {
                  tempos = ftell(fp);
                  if (size - 1 > fread(sbuf, sizeof(char), size - 1, fp))
                        goto FDONE;
                  if (SUCCESS == memcmp(sbuf, &pattern[1], size - 1))
                  {
                        if (0 == --N)
                        {
                              pos = tempos - 1L;
                              goto FDONE;
                        }
                  }
                  fseek(fp, tempos + skip, SEEK_SET);
            }
      }

      /* Clean up and leave */

FDONE:
      free(sbuf);
      return pos;
}

/*
**  Search a file for a pattern match (backwards)
**
**  Arguments: FILE pointer
**             pattern to search for
**             size of pattern
**             find Nth occurance
**
**  Returns: -1L if pattern not found
**           -2L in case of error
*/

long rfsearch(FILE *fp, const char *pattern, const size_t size, int N)
{
      long pos = -2L, tempos;
      char *sbuf, *p;
      size_t i, skip;
      int ch = 0;

      /* Allocate a search buffer */

      if (NULL == (sbuf = (char *)malloc(size - 1)))
            goto RDONE;

      /* Buffer the file and position us within it */

      if (0 == fsetup(fp, size))
            goto RDONE;
      pos = -1L;
      fseek(fp, -1L, SEEK_END);
      tempos = ftell(fp) - strlen(pattern);

      /* Set up for smart searching */

      if (1 < strlen(pattern) && NULL != (p = strrchr(pattern + 1, *pattern)))
            skip = strlen(pattern) - (p - (char *)pattern);
      else  skip = strlen(pattern);

      /* Look for the pattern */

      while (0L <= tempos)
      {
            fseek(fp, tempos, SEEK_SET);
            if (EOF == (ch = fgetc(fp)))
                  break;
            if ((int)*pattern == ch)
            {
                  if (size - 1 <= fread(sbuf, sizeof(char), size - 1, fp))
                  {
                        if (SUCCESS == memcmp(sbuf, &pattern[1], size - 1))
                        {
                              if (0 == --N)
                              {
                                    pos = tempos;
                                    goto RDONE;
                              }
                        }
                  }
                  tempos -= skip;
            }
            else  --tempos;
      }

      /* Clean up and leave */

RDONE:
      free(sbuf);
      return pos;
}

#ifdef TEST

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      long pos;
      int N = 1;
      size_t size = strlen(argv[1]);
      char buf[256], *fname = "SRCHFILE.C";
      FILE *fp;

      if (2 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: SRCHFILE string [N] [file]");
            puts("where: N = find Nth occurance");
            puts("       If file is specified, N must be given");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }

      if (2 < argc)
            N = atoi(argv[2]);

      if (3 < argc)
            fname = strupr(argv[3]);

      fp = fopen(fname, "r");
      printf("ffsearch(%s, %s) returned %ld\n", fname, argv[1],
            pos = ffsearch(fp, argv[1], size, N));
      fseek(fp, pos, SEEK_SET);
      fgets(buf, 256, fp);
      printf("...which contains \"%s\"\n\n", buf);
      fclose(fp);

      fp = fopen(fname, "rb");
      printf("rfsearch(%s, %s) returned %ld\n", fname, argv[1],
            pos = rfsearch(fp, argv[1], size, N));
      fseek(fp, pos, SEEK_SET);
      fgets(buf, 256, fp);
      printf("...which contains \"%s\"\n\n", buf);
      fclose(fp);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/setimeto.c0000755000076400001440000000252707055334221016276 /*
**  SETIMETO.C - Set the timestamp of one file to match another.
**
**  public domain demo by Bob Stout
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#ifdef __ZTC__
 #define GETFTIME dos_getftime
 #define SETFTIME dos_setftime
#else
 #define GETFTIME _dos_getftime
 #define SETFTIME _dos_setftime
#endif

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
      int fd0, fd1;

#ifdef __TURBOC__
      struct ftime Ftime;
#else
      unsigned date, time;
#endif

      if (3 > argc)
      {
            puts("Usage: SETIMETO old_filename new_filename");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }

      if (-1 == (fd0 = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)))
      {
            printf("Unable to open %s\n", argv[1]);
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }

#ifdef __TURBOC__                         /* Save the time/date         */
      getftime(fd0, &Ftime);
#else
      GETFTIME(fd0, &date, &time);
#endif

      if (-1 == (fd1 = open(argv[2], O_WRONLY)))
      {
            printf("Unable to open %s\n", argv[2]);
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }

#ifdef __TURBOC__                         /* Set the time/date          */
      setftime(fd1, &Ftime);
#else
      SETFTIME(fd1, date, time);
#endif

      close(fd0);
      close(fd1);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/isqrt.c0000755000076400001440000000466107055334024015611 #include 

#define BITSPERLONG 32

#define TOP2BITS(x) ((x & (3 << (BITSPERLONG-2))) >> (BITSPERLONG-2))


/* usqrt:
    ENTRY x: unsigned long
    EXIT  returns floor(sqrt(x) * pow(2, BITSPERLONG/2))

    Since the square root never uses more than half the bits
    of the input, we use the other half of the bits to contain
    extra bits of precision after the binary point.

    EXAMPLE
        suppose BITSPERLONG = 32
        then    usqrt(144) = 786432 = 12 * 65536
                usqrt(32) = 370727 = 5.66 * 65536

    NOTES
        (1) change BITSPERLONG to BITSPERLONG/2 if you do not want
            the answer scaled.  Indeed, if you want n bits of
            precision after the binary point, use BITSPERLONG/2+n.
            The code assumes that BITSPERLONG is even.
        (2) This is really better off being written in assembly.
            The line marked below is really a "arithmetic shift left"
            on the double-long value with r in the upper half
            and x in the lower half.  This operation is typically
            expressible in only one or two assembly instructions.
        (3) Unrolling this loop is probably not a bad idea.

    ALGORITHM
        The calculations are the base-two analogue of the square
        root algorithm we all learned in grammar school.  Since we're
        in base 2, there is only one nontrivial trial multiplier.

        Notice that absolutely no multiplications or divisions are performed.
        This means it'll be fast on a wide range of processors.
*/

struct int_sqrt {
	unsigned sqrt,
		 frac;
};

void usqrt(unsigned long x, struct int_sqrt *q)
{
	unsigned long a = 0L;			/* accumulator */
	unsigned long r = 0L;                   /* remainder */
	unsigned long e = 0L;                   /* trial product */

	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < BITSPERLONG; i++)	/* NOTE 1 */
	{
		r = (r << 2) + TOP2BITS(x); x <<= 2; /* NOTE 2 */
		a <<= 1;
		e = (a << 1) + 1;
		if (r >= e)
		{
			r -= e;
			a++;
		}
	}
	memcpy(q, &a, sizeof(long));
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 

main(void)
{
	int i;
	unsigned long l = 0x3fed0169;
	struct int_sqrt q;

	for (i = 0; i < 101; ++i)
	{
		usqrt(i, &q);
		printf("sqrt(%3d) = %2d, remainder = %2d\n",
			i, q.sqrt, q. frac);
	}
	usqrt(l, &q);
	printf("\nsqrt(%lX) = %X, remainder = %X\n", l, q.sqrt, q.frac);
      return 0;
}

#endif /* TEST */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/xfile.c0000755000076400001440000001214307055334352015554 /*  xfile.c -- implementation for fast line buffered files
**
**  Currently (Sat  06-15-1991) XFILEs are for reading CR-LF terminated lines
**  from MS-DOS text files.  Period.  It's not that the method can't be used
**  as well for output buffering, or (in some form) for binary files, it's
**  that such are handled fast enough to suit me already, whereas text mode
**  input performance leaves me wishing for more speed.  This attempts to
**  solve that problem.
**
**  Sun  06-16-1991 -- CR-LF accepted, but so is bare LF now; the extracted
**  line does NOT have a NEWLINE at the end anymore (which will likely be
**  a mixed blessing...)
**
**  The code should be fairly portable: if/when I get around to polishing it
**  (and that won't be until I've used it some and am sure it's stable) I'll
**  be aiming for near-ANSI portability; for now I'm not pushing so very hard
**  for that.
**
**  The semantics are a bit odd: the lines are returned in a buffer that the
**  XFILE owns, and may be altered by a call to xgetline or xclose.  For
**  applications that resent this, XFILEs probably aren't a big win anyway,
**  but there might be some cases where using XFILE and copying (some) lines
**  is still a good idea.  The performance with long lines is good: it can
**  handle lines the size of the buffer, though it may truncate up to one
**  QUANTUM less one bytes "early": this depends on the location of the start
**  of the line in the buffer when we begin scanning.  In practice, XBUFSIZE
**  is probably larger than you'd set for a line buffer size anyway...
**
**  INTERNALS:
**
**  Reading the first buffer's worth at open time makes the EOF case easier to
**  detect.
**
**  TO DO:
**
**  clean up xgetline!
*/

#include 
#include 
#include "xfile.h"

#if !defined(__ZTC__) && !defined(__TURBOC__)
 static int DOS_OPEN(const char *name, int mode, ...)
 {
       int hdl;

       if (0 == _dos_open(name, mode, &hdl))
             return hdl;
       else  return -1;
 }

 static int READ(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
       unsigned count;

       if (0 == _dos_read(fd, buf, len, &count))
             return count;
       else  return -1;
 }
#endif

#ifndef XBUFN               /* set default # of quanta in buffer, allow -D */
 #define XBUFN 8
#endif

#define QUANTUM 512
#define XBUFSIZE (XBUFN * QUANTUM)


/*  xopen -- allocate and open an XFILE
**
**  NB: currently I'm designing these for READ-ONLY TEXT FILES only: the xopen
**      interface may have to be changed...
**
**  returns pointer to XFILE of opened file or null pointer on error
**
**  ? should it leave a better error description somewhere ?
*/

XFILE *xopen(char const *name)
{
      XFILE *f = malloc(sizeof(XFILE) + XBUFSIZE + 1);
      int n;

      if (f == 0)
            goto error0;
      f->buf = (char *)f + sizeof(XFILE);

      if ((f->fd = DOS_OPEN(name, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
            goto error1;

      if ((n = READ(f->fd, f->buf, XBUFSIZE)) < 0)
            goto error2;

      f->buf[n] = 0;
      f->nextChar = f->buf;
      return f;

error2:
      CLOSE(f->fd);
error1:
      free(f);
error0:
      return 0;
}


/*
**  xclose -- close and deallocate an XFILE
*/

void xclose(XFILE *f)
{
      CLOSE(f->fd);
      free(f);
}


/*
**  xgetline -- get the next text line into memory
**
**  returns a pointer to the line (a NUL-terminated string) or a null pointer
*/

char *xgetline(XFILE *f)
{
      char *s = f->nextChar, *p;
      int n;

      for (p = s; *p != 0; ++p)
      {
            if (*p == '\n')
            {
                  if (s < p && p[-1] == '\r')
                        p[-1] = 0;
                  else  *p = 0;
                  f->nextChar = p + 1;
                  return s;
            }
      }

      /*
      **  end of line not found in buffer -- p points to the sentinel NUL
      */

      if (p == f->buf)                    /* iff empty, EOF */
            return 0;

      /*
      **  move prefix of line to bottom of buffer
      */

      if (s != f->buf)
      {
            for (p = f->buf; (*p = *s) != 0; ++p, ++s)
                  ;
            s = f->buf;
      }

      n = XBUFSIZE - (p - f->buf);

      if (n < QUANTUM)                    /* insufficent room, break line */
      {
            f->nextChar = p;
            return s;
      }

      n = (n / QUANTUM) * QUANTUM;        /* quantize: count to read */
      n = READ(f->fd, p, n);

      /*
      **  read error is sort of ignored here... same return as EOF.
      **  we'll see if this proves to be sufficent...
      */

      if (n < 0)
      {
            f->nextChar = f->buf;
            f->buf[0] = 0;
            return 0;
      }

      p[n] = 0;

      for ( ; *p != 0; ++p)
      {
            if (*p == '\n')
            {
                  if (s < p && p[-1] == '\r')
                        p[-1] = 0;
                  else  *p = 0;
                  ++p;
                  break;
            }
      }

      f->nextChar = p;
      return p == s ? 0 : s;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/xfile.h0000755000076400001440000000135407055334352015563 /*
**  xfile.h -- definitions for fast line buffered files
*/

#ifndef __XFILE_H__
#define __XFILE_H__

struct _xfile {
    int   fd;
    int   bufSize;
    char *buf;
    char *nextChar;
    char *lastChar;
};

typedef struct _xfile XFILE;

#include 

#if defined(__ZTC__)
 #include 
 #define DOS_OPEN dos_open
 #define READ     read
 #define CLOSE    close
#elif defined(__TURBOC__)
 #include 
 #include 
 #define DOS_OPEN _open
 #define READ     _read
 #define CLOSE    _close
#else /* MSC */
 #include 
 #include 
 #define CLOSE    _dos_close
#endif

XFILE *xopen(char const *);
void   xclose(XFILE *);
char  *xgetline(XFILE *);

#endif  /* __XFILE_H__ */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/pbmsrch.c0000755000076400001440000000505607055334130016102 /*
**        A Pratt-Boyer-Moore string search, written by Jerry Coffin
**  sometime or other in 1991.  Removed from original program, and
**  (incorrectly) rewritten for separate, generic use in early 1992.
**  Corrected with help from Thad Smith, late March and early
**  April 1992...hopefully it's correct this time. Revised by Bob Stout.
**
**  This is hereby placed in the Public Domain by its author.
**
**  10/21/93 rdg  Fixed bug found by Jeff Dunlop
*/

#include 
#include 
#include 

static size_t table[UCHAR_MAX];
static size_t len;
static char *findme;

/*
**  Call this with the string to locate to initialize the table
*/

void init_search(const char *string)
{
      size_t i;

      len = strlen(string);
      for (i = 0; i <= UCHAR_MAX; i++)                      /* rdg 10/93 */
            table[i] = len;
      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
            table[(unsigned char)string[i]] = len - i - 1;
      findme = (char *)string;
}

/*
**  Call this with a buffer to search
*/

char *strsearch(const char *string)
{
      register size_t shift;
      register size_t pos = len - 1;
      char *here;
      size_t limit=strlen(string);

      while (pos < limit)
      {
            while( pos < limit &&
                  (shift = table[(unsigned char)string[pos]]) > 0)
            {
                  pos += shift;
            }
            if (0 == shift)
            {
                  if (0 == strncmp(findme,
                        here = (char *)&string[pos-len+1], len))
                  {
                        return(here);
                  }
                  else  pos++;
            }
      }
      return NULL;
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 

void main(void)
{
      char *here;
      char *find_strings[] = {"abb", "you", "not", "it", "dad", "yoo", "hoo",
                              "oo", "oh", "xx", "xx", "x", "x", NULL};
      char *search_strings[] = {"cabbie", "your", "It isn't here",
                                "But it is here", "hodad", "yoohoo", "yoohoo",
                                "yoohoo", "yoohoo", "yoohoo", "xx", "x", "."};
      int i;

      for (i = 0; find_strings[i]; i++)
      {
            init_search(find_strings[i]);
            here = strsearch(search_strings[i]);
            printf("\"%s\" is%s in \"%s\"", find_strings[i],
                  here ? "" : " not", search_strings[i]);
            if (here)
                  printf(" [\"%s\"]", here);
            putchar('\n');
      }

}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/myline.cpp0000755000076400001440000000345607055334120016302 // myLine.cpp
//
// 13 Jun 93   Init array[0] = NUL in case it is reference before use
//             memcpy() adjusted to also copy terminating NUL from is.get()
//             when extending buffer
//

# include 
# include "myLine.h"
# if defined(_MSC_VER)
#  include 
# else
#  include 
# endif

    // Class implementation

myLine::myLine (short buflen)
    : len(buflen), mybuf(new char[len]), xalloc(1)
{
    mybuf[0] = 0;
}

myLine::myLine (char * usebuf, short buflen)
    : len(buflen), mybuf(usebuf), xalloc(0)
{
    mybuf[0] = 0;
}

myLine::~myLine (void)
{
    if (xalloc)
        delete [] mybuf;
}


istream &
operator>> (istream & is, myLine & l)
{
# if AUTO_GROW
    if (!l.xalloc)              // It's not my buf, so it can't be grown
    {
# endif
        is.get (l.mybuf, l.len);
        if (is.peek() == '\n')
            is.get();           // Remove newline from stream
# if AUTO_GROW
    }
    else
    {
        int idx = 0;
        l.mybuf[0] = 0;     // Terminate in case is.good() isn't
        for (int eol = 0; !eol && is.good(); )
        {
            int toget = l.len - idx;
            is.get (l.mybuf + idx, toget);
            int chrs = is.gcount();
            if (is.peek() == '\n')
            {
                ++eol;       // Must be eol or eof
                is.get();    // Clear newline
            }
            else if (chrs)
            {                // Extend buffer
                idx += chrs; // Add to index
                l.len = short(l.len + ALLOC_LEN);
                char * tmp = new char[l.len];
                memcpy (tmp, l.mybuf, idx + 1);
                delete [] l.mybuf;
                l.mybuf = tmp;
            }
        }
    }
# endif
    return is;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/hugesort.c0000755000076400001440000000544207055334014016304 /*
**  hugesort.c -- huge qsort() -- public domain by Raymond Gardner 6/92
**  tested with Borland C++ 3.0 (C mode)
*/

static void swap(char huge *a, char huge *b, unsigned n)
{
      char tmp;

      do
      {
            tmp = *a; *a++ = *b; *b++ = tmp;
      } while ( --n );
}
void hugesort(void huge *basep,
              unsigned   nel,
              unsigned   width,
              int      (*comp)(void huge *, void huge *))
{
      char huge *i, huge *j;
      unsigned int lnel, rnel;
      char huge *base = (char huge *)basep;

      while (nel > 1)
      {
            swap(base, base + (long)width * (nel / 2), width);
            for (i = base, j = base + (long)width * nel; ; )
            {
                  do
                        j -= width;
                  while ( (*comp)(j, base) > 0 );
                  do
                        i += width;
                  while ( i < j && (*comp)(i, base) < 0 );
                  if (i >= j)
                        break;
                  swap(i, j, width);
            }
            swap(j, base, width);
            lnel = (unsigned)((long)(j - base) / width);
            rnel = nel - lnel - 1;
            j += width;
            if (lnel < rnel)
            {
                  hugesort(base, lnel, width, comp);
                  base = j;
                  nel = rnel;
            }
            else
            {
                  hugesort(j, rnel, width, comp);
                  nel = lnel;
            }
      }
}

#ifdef TEST

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define PADSIZE 300

typedef struct x {
    int key;
    char pad[PADSIZE];
    } X;

int cmpv(void huge *a, void huge *b) /* (note void huge *) passed here */
{
      return ((X huge *)a)->key < ((X huge *)b)->key ? -1 :
            ((X huge *)a)->key > ((X huge *)b)->key ? 1 : 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
      X huge *v;
      int n;
      int i, j;

      n = 300;                            /* default element count */
      if (argc > 1)
            n = atoi(argv[1]);
      printf("test with %d elements\n", n);
      v = farmalloc(sizeof(X) * (long)n);
      assert(v);                          /* be sure we got memory */
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)             /* random init */
      {
            v[i].key = rand();
            for (j = 0; j < PADSIZE; ++j)
                  v[i].pad[j] = rand();
      }
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)             /* display before */
            printf(" %d", v[i].key);
      printf("\n");
      hugesort(v, n, sizeof(X), cmpv);    /* sort it */
      for ( i = 0; i < n; ++i )           /* display after */
            printf(" %d", v[i].key);
      printf("\n");
      return 0;
}

#endif
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SNIP/memrev.c0000755000076400001440000000267707055334103015745 /*
**  Public domain demo by Ray Gardner, 7 dec 88
**
**  Here's an old programming trick that (I bet) will be new to at least a
**  few of you out there, even some "old hands".  I don't remember where I
**  saw this; it might have been Jon Bentley's "Programming Pearls" column in
**  Communications of the ACM.
**
**  Have you ever wanted to exchange two adjacent areas of storage which
**  might be of two different lengths?  There are some tricky and complicated
**  "efficient" methods to do this without using a lot of extra temporary
**  storage.  But there is also an old and simple way: Assume that the buffer
**  looks like this:
**
**     |...... head .......|.................. tail .................|
**
**  You reverse the head, reverse the tail, then reverse the entire buffer.
**  That's all there is to it.  It will leave you with:
**
**     |.................. tail .................|...... head .......|
**
**  Here's code:
*/

#include 

/*
**  reverse "count" bytes starting at "buf"
*/

void memrev(char  *buf, size_t count)
{
      char *r;

      for (r = buf + count - 1; buf < r; buf++, r--)
      {
            *buf ^= *r;
            *r   ^= *buf;
            *buf ^= *r;
      }
}

/*
**  swap "head" bytes with "tail" bytes at "buf"
*/

void aswap(char  *buf, size_t head, size_t tail)
{
      memrev(buf, head);
      memrev(buf + head, tail);
      memrev(buf, head + tail);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/YABL/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405222014337 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/YABL/yabl0000644000076400001440000030041307055333627015132 TITLE: *** YABL ***
AUTHOR: Mitch Wright
AUTHOR: Fellow USENET Readers...
DATE: Tue Dec  7 11:53:54 PST 1993
COMMENTS
   For complaints, kudos, suggestions, corrections, additions, donations, ...
   drop me an E-mail note -- mitch@oz.com.

   The latest version of this list can be obtained via anonymous ftp from

	ftp.rahul.net	pub/mitch/YABL/yabl
   
TITLE: !%@:: A Guide to Electronic Mail Addressing, 2nd edition
AUTHOR: Frey, Donnalyn
AUTHOR: Adams, Rick
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 458
ISBN: 0-56592-03107
APPROX_COST: $24.95
KEYWORDS: e-mail
COMMENTS
	Answers the problem of addressing mail to people you've never met, on 
	networks you've never heard of.  Includes a general introduction to 
	e-mail, followed by detailed reference sections for over 130 networks.
	** This has been completely updated since the 1990 version!!! **
  
	Topics covered include:

	*  An introduction to e-mail for beginners
	*  For over 180 networks: a description of the network, the 
	   services it provides, the format of the e-mail addresses 
	   needed to reach users on that network
	*  Index to networks by network name, country or area name, 
	   and country code
	*  Index to second and third level domains and many sites 
	   within each network
   
TITLE: ANSI C Card
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference card on the ANSI C language
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: June, 1991 (revised)
PAGES: 8
ISBN: 0-916151-48-4
APPROX_COST: $3.00
KEYWORDS: ANSI C, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Includes constants, variables, functions, statements,
	proprocessor directives, common I/O functions, formatted I/O,
	ASCII chart.  Operator precidence chart.
   
TITLE: The AWK Programming Language
AUTHOR: Aho, Al
AUTHOR: Kernighan, Brian
AUTHOR: Weinberger, Peter
SUBJECT: AWK Programming
PUBLISHER: Addison Wesley
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 210
ISBN: 0-201-07981-X
LC: 87-17566
APPROX_COST: 23.75
 
TITLE: Algorithms in C
AUTHOR: Sedgewick, Robert
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-51425-7
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	Many useful algorightms expressed in C
   
TITLE: The Art of Distributed Appl., Programming Techniques for RPC
AUTHOR: Corbin, John R.
PUBLISHER: Springer-Verlag (Part of Sun Techincal Reference Library)
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 558
ISBN: 0-387-97247-1
APPROX_Cost: 39.95
SUGGESTED_BY: "Betty Jo Armstead, Sverdrup" 
COMMENTS
	An excellent book for anyone starting to develop RPC applications.his
	The book covers SUN style RPC programming with lots of examples. the
	It covers XDR, RPC Protocol, RPC programming, Low-level RPC
        Programming, Additional RPC Library Features, RPCGEN, Developing
        RPC-based Distributed Applications and the future of RPC
        programming.  The books also hints at multithreaded RPC
        applications, but provides no examples and very little discussion
        on this topic.
 
TITLE: Advanced C Programming for Displays
AUTHOR: Rochkind, Marc J.
SUBJECT: Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 331
ISBN: 0-13-010240-07
APPROX_COST: 32.95
SUGGESTED_BY: "Michael J. Chinni, SMCAR-CCS-E" 
COMMENTS
	Covers Character Displays, Windows, and Keyboards for UNIX and MS-DOS.
 
TITLE: Advanced UNIX Programming
AUTHOR: Rochkind, Marc J.
SUBJECT: Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
EDITION: 1985, pp 265 
ISBN: 0-13-011818-4 HBK
ISBN: 0-13-011800-1 PBK
APPROX_COST: 32.95 HBK
APPROX_COST: 24.95 PBK
KEYWORDS: SYSV
COMMENTS
	Rochkind is a former Bell Labs UNIX guru who wrote SCCS back in the
	mid 70's.  This book is exactly what the title states, basically an
	extremely thorough treatment of programming using the UNIX System
	Call Interface.  System V, System III, V7, 4.2 BSD, and Xenix are
	all discussed.  The system calls are organized functionally into
	chapters that cover file i/o, terminal i/o, process control,
	interprocess communication, and miscellaneous calls.  The opening
	chapter is an overvview of fundamental concepts of UNIX.  Anytime
	I have a question on the usage of system calls I consult this book.
	The only problem with it is that it needs to be updated per
	System V Rel 3, 4.3 BSD and the efforts of Sun and AT&T to bring
	SunOS and System V together as well as the efforts in the UNIX 386
	world.
 
TITLE: Advanced UNIX: A Programmer's Guide
AUTHOR: Prata, Stephen
SUBJECT: Programming Guide
PUBLISHER: Howard W. Sams & Co.
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 484
ISBN: 0-067-22403-8.
APPROX_COST: 24.95
KEYWORDS: SYSV
COMMENTS
	Prata assumes you know how to login and use an editor.  It's very
	good for shell programing.
   
TITLE: The Art of Computer Programming (V1), Fundamental Algorithms 
AUTHOR: Knuth, Donald E.
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1973
ISBN: 
PAGES: 
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
KEYWORDS: Algorithms
     
TITLE: The Art of Computer Programming (V2), Seminumerical Algorithms
AUTHOR: Knuth, Donald E.
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1981
ISBN: 0-201-03822-6
PAGES: 
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
KEYWORDS: Algorithms
     
TITLE: The Art of Computer Programming (V3), Sorting and Searching
AUTHOR: Knuth, Donald E.
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1973
ISBN: 0-201-03803-X
PAGES: 
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
KEYWORDS: Algorithms
     
TITLE: BSD 4.3 Manual Set
AUTHOR: University of California Berkeley
SUBJECT: 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System
DATE: June 1988
PAGES: 
ISBN: 
APPROX_COST: 60.00/set
SUGGESTED_BY: An anonymous BSD zealot
COMMENTS
	This is a must for programmers, administrator, and users alike.
	If you are in contact with the BSD UNIX Operating system, YOU
	need these manuals!  Kudos to the boys at Cory and Evans!
	*Printed by the USENIX Association as a service to the UNIX Comm.
   
TITLE: Beginning UNIX Commands
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference card on basic UNIX System commands
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: January, 1992 (revised)
PAGES: 4
ISBN: 0-916151-55-7
APPROX_COST: FREE with order of send #10 SASE
KEYWORDS: UNIX, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Lists 30 generic UNIX commands with examples of usage.
   
TITLE: The Berkeley UNIX Environment
AUTHOR: Horspool, R. Nigel
SUBJECT: C Programming, BSD Unix
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 379
ISBN: 0-13-089368-4
APPROX_COST: 30.00
KEYWORDS: BSD, C
SUGGESTED_BY: Chet Creider 
COMMENTS
        An excellent introduction to workstation use.  Sections on
        vi, Gnu emacs, csh (including C shell programming), lex, yacc,
        systems programming in C (5 chapters), make, SCCS, RCS, dbx,
        and much more.
   
TITLE: A Book on C
AUTHOR: Kelley, Al
AUTHOR: Pohl, Ira
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.
DATE: 1984
PAGES: 362
ISBN: 0-8053-6860-4
APPROX_COST: 32.25
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	This is a book written with the beginning C programmer in mind.
 
TITLE: Checking C Programs with lint
AUTHOR: Darwin, Ian F.
SUBJECT: lint
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 84
ISBN: 0-937175-30-7
APPROX_COST: 12.95
KEYWORDS: lint, C, nutshell
COMMENTS:
	The lint program checker has proven itself time and again to be
	one of the best tools for finding portability problems and
	certain types of coding errors in C programs.  This book 
	introduces you to lint, guides you through running it on your 
	programs and helps you to interpret lint's output.
 
TITLE: The C Answer Book
AUTHOR: Tondo, Clovis L.
AUTHOR: Gimpel, Scott E.
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 208 
ISBN: 0-13-109877-2
APPROX_COST: 30.00
KEYWORDS: K&R answers
COMMENTS
	This book provides the answers to the exercises found in K&R.  I
	believe that a second edition of this book has also been recently
	published corresponding with the 2nd edition of K&R.
  
TITLE: C Language for Programmers, 2nd ed.
AUTHOR: Pugh, Kenneth
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHING: QED Information Sciences
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 320
ISBN: 0-89435-367-5
APPROX_COST: $29.95
KEYWORDS: C, tutorial
COMMENTS: Teaches non-C programmers how to code in C
  
TITLE: C Library Reference
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference on the C library
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 33
ISBN: 0-916151-11-5
APPROX_COST: $6.00
KEYWORDS: C library, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Documents the UNIX System 5.2 C library.  Includes index
	to UNIX man pages.  The cover is a condensed explanation
	of the C language.
   
TITLE: C Pointers and Dynamic Memory Management
AUTHOR: Daconta, Michael C.
SUBJECT: C Pointers, Mem Management, Traps
PUBLISHER: QED Publishing
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 340
ISBN: 0-89435-473-6
APPROX_COST: 39.95
SUGGESTED_BY: Roger Smith 
KEYWORDS: C Programming, pointers, memory management, data structures
COMMENTS
	Saves lots of time using some of the parser code. Cements pointer
	and memory management concepts.  Good diagrams and plenty of examples.
	Lots of other stuff explained well: pointer pointers, function
	pointers, pointer traps, memory debugger ... highly recommend for
	a C programmers bookshelf!
   
TITLE: C Primer Plus Revised Edition
AUTHOR: Waite, Mitchell
AUTHOR: Prata, Stephen
AUTHOR: Martin, Donald
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Howard W. Samms & Company
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 558
ISBN: 0-672-22582-4
APPROX_COST: 23.95
SUGGESTED_BY: "Michael J. Chinni, SMCAR-CCS-E" 
COMMENTS
	An excellent beginners guide to C programming. I found out about this
	book through a vendor's training class on C, where they used it as the
	textbook. 
 
TITLE: C Programming Guide, 3rd Ed.
AUTHOR: Purdum, J.J.
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Que Corporation
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 456
ISBN: 0-88022-356-1
LCCN: 88-61496
OCLC: 18865012
  
TITLE: The C Programmer's Handbook
AUTHOR: Bolsky, Morris I.
SUBJECT: Reference
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 84 
ISBN: 0-13-110073-4
APPROX_COST: 22.95
KEYWORDS: C Programming
COMMENTS
	This is a handbook for experience programmers, not a book for reading.
	Information is intended as a quickie reference and is not that
	detailed. 
 
TITLE: The C Programming Language, First Edition
AUTHOR: Kernigan, Brian W.
AUTHOR: Ritchie, Dennis M.
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1978
PAGES: 228
ISBN: 0-13-110163-3
APPROX_COST: 27.00
KEYWORDS: C, UNIX, K&R C
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	** The Original Bible of C programming **
	"... a book that ocntains a tutorial introduction to get new userss
	started as soon as possible, separate chapters on major features
	and a reference manual"
 
TITLE: The C Programming Language, Second Edition
AUTHOR: Kernigan, Brian W.
AUTHOR: Ritchie, Dennis M.
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 272
ISBN: 0-13-110362-8
APPROX_COST: 28.00
SUGGESTED_BY: "Michael J. Chinni, SMCAR-CCS-E" 
COMMENTS
	The Bible of C programming
 
TITLE: C Programmer's Library, 2nd Ed.
AUTHOR: Purdum, J.J.
SUBJECT: C language
PUBLISHER: Que Corporation
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 319
ISBN: 0-88022-157-7
LCCN: 85-60689
OCLC: 12819701
 
TITLE: C Programmer's Toolkit
AUTHOR: Purdum, Jack J.
SUBJECT: C language
PUBLISHER: Que Corporation
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 350
ISBN: 0-88022-457-6
LCCN: 89-61069
OCLC: 21130331
  
TITLE: The C Puzzle Book: Puzzles for the C Programming Language, 2nd Ed.
AUTHOR: Feuer, Alan R.
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1982
PAGES: 173
ISBN: 0-13-109934-5 HBK
ISBN: 0-13-109926-4 PBK
APPROX_COST: 26.00
COMMENTS
	Exactly what the title indicates.  The puzzles are organized by
	chapter: basic arithmetic operators, assignment operators, logic and
	increment operators, bitwise operators, relational and conditional
	operators, operator precedence and evaluation.  The answers for all of
	the puzzles are also provided.  This is an excellent way to learn some
	of the more advanced expressions that can be concocted with C.
 
TITLE: C Self-Study Guide
AUTHOR: Purdum, J.J.
SUBJECT: C language
PUBLISHER: Que Corporation
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 249
ISBN: 0-88022-149-6
OCLC: 12790605
B-NO: 411153F
 
TITLE: C Standard Library
AUTHOR: Purdum, Jack J.
AUTHOR: Leslie, Timothy C
SUBJECT: C language
PUBLISHER: Que Corporation
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 437
ISBN: 0-88022-279-4
LCCN: 86-62528
OCLC: 16411542
  
TITLE: C Traps and Pitfalls
AUTHOR: Koenig, Andrew
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 147
ISBN: 0-201-17928-8
APPROX_COST: 17.50
COMMENTS
	Andrew published a BTL Technical Memorandum by this title several
	years back. Later it was published as a Technical Report.  It has now
	been expanded into a book.  I read the TR and it was excellent.  I
	just recently finished the book and would recommend it to anyone who
	uses C. 
 
TITLE: The C and Unix Dictionary
AUTHOR: Christian, Kaare
SUBJECT: Definitions of terms
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 216
ISBN: 0-471-60929-3 HBK
ISBN: 0-471-60931-5 PBK
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	Definitions of over 1000 terms in the C and Unix lexicon.
 
TITLE: C: A Reference Manual, 2nd Edition
AUTHOR: Harbison, Samuel P.
AUTHOR: Steele Jr., Guy L.
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 404 
ISBN: 0-13-109810-1 HBK
ISBN: 0-13-109802-0 PBK
APPROX_COST: 31.95
COMMENTS
	An excellent book on C.  It is not really an introductory level book,
	and is a great companion to K&R (2nd Ed.).  Both this book and K&R
	(2nd Ed.) cover the draft-proposed ANSI standards.  Where H&S really
	stands out is in the sections that cover the UNIX library calls.  If
	you have ever struggled with any of printf or scanf family of library
	calls in trying to figure out the conversion rules in the format
	string, this book is the answer. 
 
TITLE: Compiler Design in C
AUTHOR: Holub, Allen I.
SUBJECT: Compiler Design
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 924
ISBN:0-13-155045-4
KEYWORDS: C Compilers, YACC
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	Great book!  And lots of source examples to boot.
    
TITLE: Compilers, Principles, Techniques, and Tools
AUTHOR: Aho, Alfred V.
AUTHOR: Sethi, Ravi
AUTHOR: Ullman, Jefferey D.
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-10088-6
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	Very good compile book.  Covers yacc and lex theory and practice.
   
TITLE: Computer Security Basics
AUTHOR: Russell, Deborah
AUTHOR: Gangemi Sr., G.T.
SUBJECT: Computer Security
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 464
ISBN: 0-937175-71-4
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: Security, UNIX
SUGGESTED_BY: "Cliff Stoll" 
COMMENTS 
        For computer managers who use Orange Book sytems -- trusted
        computer systems.  A lot about government standards and what
        it means to have a certified secure system.  
   
TITLE: Computers Under Attack
AUTHOR: Denning, Peter   [editor]
PUBLISHER: ACM Press / Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 554
ISBN: 0-201-53067-8
APPROX_COST: 35.00
SUGGESTED_BY: "Cliff Stoll" 
COMMENTS
        A collection of articles about computer security.
        Good history of networks and an introduction to the internet,
        with emphasis on security problems.  Reviews of the internet
        worm of 1988, computer viruses, and the nature of openness
        in a networked community.
  
TITLE: Computerization and Controversy
AUTHOR: Dunlop & Kling   [editor]
PUBLISHER: Academic Press
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 758
ISBN: 0-12-224356-0
APPROX_COST: 65.00
SUGGESTED_BY: "Cliff Stoll" 
COMMENTS
        A splendid collection of articles on the social impact of
        computers.  Check out "The Strange Case of the Electronic
        Lover" (from Ms. Magazine), or "Safety-Critical Computing"
        or "Social Analysis of Computing".  Technically solid and
        socially important writing in here.
   
TITLE: Connecting to the Internet
AUTHOR: Estrada, Susan
SUBJECT: Networking
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: Aug 1993
PAGES: 170
ISBN: 1-56592-061-9
APPROX_COST: 
KEYWORDS: networking, internet
   
TITLE: Cryptography and Data Security
AUTHOR: Denning, Dorothy E.
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1983
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-10150-5
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	Scientific treatment of cryptography and security.
   
TITLE: The Cuckoo's Egg
AUTHOR: Stoll, Cliff
PUBLISHER: Pocketbooks, New York City
DATE: 1989, 1990
PAGES: 356
ISBN: 0-671-72688-9
APPROX_Cost: Paperback - $5.95  (cheap at half the price)
HARDBACK:  Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-24946-2, $20 (acid free!)
SUGGESTED_BY: "Cliff Stoll"   [see disclaimer]
COMMENTS
     This is the true story of catching a spy over the Internet.

     A hacker broke into a Berkeley astronomy computer, then
     entered dozens of military computers through networks.
     Here's how to catch a spy, without much help from the
     FBI, the CIA, and the NSA.   

     Six months on the NY Times best-seller list, 
     two weeks on the Usenet most-flamed about list. 

     "A spy story for the 90's -- and it's all true!" - Tom Clancy
     "A nonfiction book that reads like a Le Carre spy novel"- Seattle Times
     "A gripping spy thriller"  -- New York Times Book Review
     "Indiana Jones & Tron, with a dash of Berkeley" -- William Press
     "Fast-moving  - read it straight through in one evening" -- Evelyn Leeper
     "Not bad"   - Cliff's Mom
 
     Disclaimer:  I caught the hacker, wrote the book, and 
     stand to earn two bits if you buy a copy. - Cliff Stoll
  
TITLE: Cyberpunk
AUTHOR: Hafner and Markoff 
PUBLISHER: Simon and Schuster
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 362
ISBN: 0-671-68322-5
APPROX_COST: 22.00
SUGGESTED_BY: "Cliff Stoll" 
COMMENTS
        This book tells of the computing counterculture -- the
        underground of computing.  Three people who became known
        for their exploits:  Kevin Mitnick, who obsessively broke
        into DEC systems in Southern California;  Hans Hubner, who
        was a part of the German group that stole American military
        information and sold it to the KGB; and Robert T. Morris,
        who wrote the Internet worm of 1988.  Perhaps the title of
        this book is misleading, but the subtitle isn't:  Outlaws
        and hackers on the Computer Frontier
   
TITLE: The C++ Programming Language
AUTHOR: Stroustrup, Bjarne
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-12078-X
PAGES: 
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	The standard C++ book.
  
TITLE: A C++ Primer
AUTHOR: Lippman, Stanley B.
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-16487-6
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	A good introduction to C++ programming.
   
TITLE: C++ Reference
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference card on C++ language, Version 2
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: July, 1991
PAGES: 16
ISBN: 0-916151-49-2
APPROX_COST: $4.50
KEYWORDS: C++, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
      
TITLE: DNS and BIND
AUTHOR: Albitz, Paul
AUTHOR: Liu, Cricket
SUBJECT: DNS, BIND
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: October 1992
PAGES: 381
ISBN: 1-56592-010-4
APPROX_COST: $27.95
KEYWORDS: Domain Name Service, DNS, BIND, named, resolve
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	I'm just starting to read mine (got it today), and so far so
	good.  For the moment, let me leave you with an excerpt from
	the cover:

	``Whether you're an administrator involved with DNS on a daily
	  basis, or a user who wants to be mroe informed about the 
	  internet and how it works, you'll find that this book is
	  essential reading.''

	Topics include:

	. What DNS does, how it works, and when you need to use it
	. How to find your own place in the Internet's name space
	. Setting up name servers
	. Using MX records to route mail
	. Configuring hosts to use DNS name servers
	. Subdividing domains (parenting)
	. Long-term maintenance
	. Troubleshooting: using nslookup, reading debug output, 
	  and common problems
	. Low-level programming with the resolver library
   
TITLE: DOS Meets UNIX
AUTHOR: Dougherty, Dale
AUTHOR: O'Reilly, Tim
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 148
ISBN: 0-937175-21-8
APPROX_COST: 15.00
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
COMMENTS
	Describes the solutions available for integrating DOS and UNIX.  It 
	also briefly introduces UNIX for DOS users.
 
TITLE: Data Structures and C Programs.
AUTHOR: Van Wyk, Christopher
SUBJECT: C programming
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 387
ISBN: 0-201161-16-8
APPROX_COST: 41.95
SUGGESTED_BY: srvarma@rodan.acs.syr.edu
KEYWORDS: C, Data Structures
COMMENTS
	The author is from Bell Labs and this is also one of my favorite books
	for learing C programming with different kinds of data structures."
	[ *** NOTE: Has been reprinted with corrections *** ]
 
TITLE: Data Structures and Program Design in C
AUTHOR: Kruse, Robert L.
AUTHOR: Leung, Bruce P.
AUTHOR: Tondo Clovis L.
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 525
ISBN: 0-13-725649-3
APPROX_COST: 47.00
KEYWORDS: C, Data Structures
COMMENTS:
   From back cover:
	This introduction to data structures using the C programming
	language emphasizes problem specification and program design;
	analysis, testing, and verification; and program correctness
   
TITLE: The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD Unix Operating System
AUTHOR: Leffler, Samuel J.
AUTHOR: McKusick, Marshall Kirk
AUTHOR: Karels, Michael J.
AUTHOR: Quarterman, John S.
SUBJECT: Design of BSD UNIX
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 471
ISBN: 0-201-06196-1
APPROX_COST: 39.00
KEYWORDS: Internals, Kernel, BSD
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	These are the primary people who are responsible for 4.3 BSD.
 
	--From back cover--
	This book is the first authoritative description of the design and
	implementation  of the research version of the UNIX System developed
	at the University of California at Berkeley.  It covers the INTERNAL
	structure of the 4.3BSD system and the concetps, data structures, and
	algorithms used in implementing the system facilites.  The book also
	includes a chaper on the implementation of TCP/IP -- a networking
	protocol suite widely implemented throughout the world.
 
	Both philosophical and design issues of 4.3BSD are discussed, as well
	as details of the actual implementation.  In most cases, the
	discussion starts at the system-call level and descends from the
	interface to the kernel down to the hardware itself.  The kernel
	includes system facilities such as process management, memory
	management, the I/O system, the filesystem, the socket IPC mechanism,
	and network-protocol implementations. 
 
	The Design and Implemenation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating System is an 
	in-depth study of a contemporary operating system.  This book assumes
	that the reader understands basic operating-system terminology and has
	some familiarity with any version of the UNIX System and with the C
	programming language. Therefore, this book is suitable for
	operating-system implementors, systems programmers, and UNIX
	application developers. 
 
TITLE: The Design of the Unix Operating System
AUTHOR: Bach, Maurice J.
SUBJECT: Design of UNIX
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1986
PAGES: 471
ISBN: 0-13-201799-7
APPROX_COST: 47.20
KEYWORDS: SYSV, AT&T
COMMENTS
	A good generic introduction to kernel operation. (System V)
 
TITLE: The Elements of Programming Style
AUTHOR: Kernighan, Brian W.
AUTHOR: Plauger, P. J.
PUBLISHER: McGraw-Hill
DATE: 1978
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-07-034207-5
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	A very good book on style.  Although dated, most of it is
	still important and relevant.
   
TITLE: Efficient C
AUTHOR: Plum, Thomas
AUTHOR: Brodie, Jim
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Plum Hall
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 150 
ISBN: 0-911537-05-8
APPROX_COST: 25.00
COMMENTS
	This is a useful book.  Portability is one aspect of programming in C.
	Efficiency is the other.  Many use C because it allows them the
	freedom to tie the programs down to the hardware in order to run
	efficiently. This book is an excellent guide and when combined with
	Jon Bentley's book on writting efficient programs gives one an
	excellent background in measuring programs and fine tuning them.
     
TITLE: Emacs Reference Card
AUTHOR: Dennis Gentry
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference card on the Gnu Emacs editor
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: August, 1992
PAGES: 16
ISBN: 0-916151-59-2
APPROX_COST: $4.50
KEYWORDS: Gnu, Emacs, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
   
TITLE: Essential System Administration
AUTHOR: Frisch, AEleen
SUBJECT: Administration
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 466
ISBN: 0-937175-80-3
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: System admin., SVR3, SVR4, SunOS, AIX, BSD, XENIX
COMMENTS
		-From back cover-
	Topics covered include:
	. Starting your system and shutting it down
	. Adding new users
	. Managing UNIX processes
	. Making the sytem secure
	. Organizing and planning filesystems
	. Planning and performing backups
	. Restoring lost files from a backup tape
	. Setting up a printer and the spooling system
	. Overseeing a TCP/IP network (including NFS)
	. Adding new terminals and disk drives
	. Setting up and using the accounting system

	Essential System Administration covers all of the major versions
	of UNIX, including BSD, Systems V.3 and V.4, SunOS, XENIX, and
	AIX 3.1.
 
TITLE: Exploring the UNIX system
AUTHOR: Kochan, Stephen G. 
AUTHOR: Wood, Patrick H.
SUBJECT: Introduction to UNIX
PUBLISHER: Hayden Book Company
DATE: 1984
PAGES: 370
ISBN: 0-8104-6268-0
APPROX_COST: 22.95
SUGGESTED_BY: "Michael J. Chinni, SMCAR-CCS-E" 
KEYWORDS: Introduction
COMMENTS
	A very good intro. book to UNIX. Has chapters on UNIX file system,
	Bourne shell, vi, Program development, security, communications, and
	administration. 
 
TITLE: GNU Emacs:  UNIX Text Editing and Programming
AUTHOR: Schoonover, Michael
AUTHOR: Bowie, John
AUTHOR:	Arnold, Bill
SUBJECT: GNU Emacs
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley / HP Press
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 640
ISBN: 0-201563-45-2
APPROX_COST: 26.95
KEYWORDS: Emacs, Editor, GNU
SUGGESTED_BY: Michael Schoonover 
SUPPLIERS
	Ordering info: 1-800-333-0088
COMMENTS
	. Examples, examples, examples.

	. Appendix on switching from vi to Emacs; has vi-to-Emacs
	  command mappings for all your favorite vi commands.

	. Separate chapters on general programming, C mode, Fortran
	  mode, and Lisp modes; also, an appendix on the non-standard
	  Pascal mode written by Vincent Broman.

	. Extensive chapter on customizing Emacs, with many examples.

	. Emacs-Lisp programming appendix (40 pages worth of info),
	  with examples of using common Emacs-Lisp functions.

	. Comprehensive command reference with commands and variables
	  grouped together by function, so you don't have to wade
	  through voluminous alphabetical lists of commands and
	  functions.  In addition, the command reference refers you to
	  pages in the manual where detailed info is found.

	. Command summary at the end of each chapter.

	. Printed on recycled paper!
  
TITLE: Guide to OSF/1:  A Technical Synopsis
AUTHOR: Staff at O'Reilly & Associates
SUBJECT: OSF
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 
PAGES: 304
ISBN: 0-937175-78-1
APPROX_COST: 21.95
KEYWORDS: OSF, Unix
COMMENTS:
	This technically-competent introduction to OSF/1 is based on
	OSF technical seminars.  In addition to its description of
	OSF/1, it includes the differences between OSF/1 and System V
	Release 4, and a look ahead at DCE.
   
TITLE: The New Hackers Dictionary
AUTHOR: Raymond, Eric
PUBLISHER: MIT Press
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 
ISBN: 
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	A dictionary of most words, acronyms and slang used by people
	using computers.
  
TITLE: The Internet Message, Closing the book with Electronic Mail
AUTHOR: Rose, Marshall T.
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 370
ISBN: 0-13-092941-7
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
  
TITLE: Internetworking with TCP/IP
AUTHOR: Comer, Douglas
SUBJECT: Networking
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 382
ISBN: 0-13-470154-2
APPROX_COST: 47.00
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	-- From back of book
	This comprehensive book begins with a discussion of the TCP/IP
	technology and the Internet in general terms, summarizing the services
	provided and the history of their development.
 
	The remainder of the book looks at the architecture of the Internet,
	the TCP/IP technology, and the applications that use it in more
	detail.  It discusses the fundamentals of protocols like TCP/IP as
	well as showing how they fit into the internet.  In additon to
	providing details, the book highlights the general principles
	underlying network protocols, and explains why the TCP/IP protocols
	adapt easily to so many underlying network technologies.  Readers will
	find a brief summary of the network hardware used throughout the
	Internet that focuses on the features of each technology that are of
	primary importance to an Internet architect. 
 
TITLE: Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume 1, 2nd Edition
AUTHOR: Comer, Douglas E.
SUBJECT: Networking: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 547
ISBN: 0-13-468505-9
APPROX_COST: 52.00
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	If you thought the first book was good, wait until you get ahold
	of this second set.  Now it's two volumes....
  
TITLE: Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume 2, 2nd Edition
AUTHOR: Comer, Douglas E.
AUTHOR: Stevens, David L.
SUBJECT: Networking: Design, Implementation, and Internals
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 532
ISBN: 0-13-472242-6
APPROX_COST: 49.00
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
  
TITLE: Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume 3
AUTHOR: Comer, Douglas E.
AUTHOR: Stevens, David L.
SUBJECT: Networking: Design, Implementation, and Internals
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 417
ISBN: 
APPROX_COST: $50.00
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	I got a glimse last month of this book... Needless to say I have
	mine on order from my book club.  With luck it will be here soon.
	Looks like Comer and Stevens have another fine text on the shelf.
  
TITLE: Introducing The UNIX System
AUTHOR: McGilton, Henry
AUTHOR: Morgan, Rachel
SUBJECT: Introduction to UNIX
PUBLISHER: McGraw-Hill Book Company
DATE: 1983
PAGES: 556
ISBN: 0-07-045001-3
APPROX_COST: 27.95
SUGGESTED_BY: "Michael J. Chinni, SMCAR-CCS-E" 
COMMENTS
	Introductory for the most part, but far more extensive than Gauthier's
	book. There are two chapters on editors and two on text formatting
	that are the best I have seen in this type book.  There is even a
	chapter on system management. 
 
	... a later edition of this book was targeted specifically to
	System V.   -- Henry
 
TITLE: Introducing UNIX System V
AUTHOR: Morgan, Rachel
AUTHOR: McGilton, Henry
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: McGraw-Hill
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 612
ISBN: 0-07-043152-3
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COST: 19.95 PBK
COMMENTS
	It gives the user a good working knowledge of a number of commands
	and packages.  I emphasize that it is a user book, by no means a
	technical manual.  I assume by the difficulty in getting it in these
	parts that it is pretty popular.
 
TITLE: An Introduction to Berkeley Unix
AUTHOR: Wang, Paul
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: Wadsworth Publishing Company
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 512
ISBN: 0-534-08862-7
APPROX_COST: 36.75
KEYWORDS: BSD
COMMENTS
	If you need a BSD oriented book, then I don't think you would find a
	more thorough introductory book.
 
TITLE: The Kornshell, Command and Programming Language
AUTHOR: Korn, David G.
AUTHOR: Bolsky, Morris I.
SUBJECT: Korn shell programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 356
ISBN: 0-13-516972-0
APPROX_COST: 30.00
KEYWORDS: ksh, SYSV
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	The book to have if you are beginning to learn the ksh.
 
TITLE: LATEX: A Document Preparation System
AUTHOR: Lamport, Leslie
PUBLISHER: Addisson-Wesley
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-15790-X
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	Have it by your side when using LaTeX
   
TITLE: Learning GNU Emacs
AUTHOR: Cameron, Deb
AUTHOR: Rosenblatt, Bill
SUBJECT: Editing
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 442
ISBN: 0-937175-84-6
APPROX_COST: 27.95
KEYWORDS: Emacs, Editor, GNU
COMMENTS:
	A book aimed at new Emacs users, whether or not they are
	programmers.
    
TITLE: Learning the Korn Shell
AUTHOR: Rosenblatt, Bill
SUBJECT: Shell
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 338
ISBN: 1-56592-054-6
APPROX_COST: $27.95
KEYWORDS: shell, korn, programming
COMMENTS:
			TABLE OF CONTENTS
	1 - Korn Shell Basics            7 - Input/Output and Command-line
	2 - Command-line Editing             Processing
	3 - Customizing Your Environment 8 - Process Handling
	4 - Basic Shell Programming      9 - Debugging Shell Programs 
	5 - Flow Control                10 - Korn Shell Administration 
	6 - Command-line Options &
	    Typed Variables
   
TITLE: Learning the UNIX Operating System
AUTHOR: Todino, Grace
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 76
ISBN: 0-937175-16-1
APPROX_COST: 9.00
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
  
TITLE: Learning the vi Editor, 5th Edition
AUTHOR: Lamb, Linda
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 192
ISBN: 0-937175-67-6
APPROX_COST: 21.95
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
 
TITLE: Learning to Program in C
AUTHOR: Plum, Thomas
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1983
PAGES: 300
ISBN: 0-13-527847-3 (pbk)
APPROX_COST: 20.00
SUGGESTED_BY: Chet Creider 
COMMENTS
        An old classic.
   
TITLE: Learning Perl
AUTHOR: Schwartz, Randal L.
SUBJECT: Programming
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 246
ISBN: 1-56592-04202
APPROX_COST: $24.95
KEYWORDS: Perl, programming. llama
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	Yowza! Well, here it is folks, "the" book to teach you perl.  No
	more excuses no to learn one of the most useful and effective
	programming languages of our time.  This book provides a quick
	ramp up for those with little time to spend, but need the power
	perl provides.
   
TITLE: Life With UNIX
AUTHOR: Libes, Don
AUTHOR: Ressler, Sandy
SUBJECT: Introduction and Overview of UNIX
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 350
ISBN: 0-13-536657-7
APPROX_COST: 30.95
KEYWORDS: Introduction, Overview
COMMENTS
        - A comprehensive overview of UNIX.  Major sections are:
 
	  UNIX in Time - Usual trash plus history of user groups,
		universities, with a comprehensive "who's who" in
		UNIX history.  Present & Future deals with where
		UNIX is now and where its going - companies,
		standards and dialects are treated at length.
 
	  UNIX Information - How people really learn about UNIX.
		Discussion of books, magazines, conferences, and, of
		course,	source code.
 
	  Inside UNIX - In-depth descriptions of UNIX from three
		different perspectives - user, programmer and
		adminstrator.
 
          Outside UNIX - Third-party stuff.  Discussions of how UNIX
		has prospered/withered in face of real-world problems.
		Underground - archives, USENET, public access UNIX,
		GNU, MINIX, public-domain and/or free software, etc.
 
          This book is quite unusual, not only because of its scope, but
          because it prints things that have never appeared in print (for one
          reason or another) - things that most people don't realize or find
          until years after they have used UNIX.  It is essentially a
          "reading between the lines" of all the other UNIX manuals, books
          and magazines.  Lastly, "Life With UNIX" is chock full of amusing
          UNIX stories and anecdotes, all designed to provide you with key
          insights into why UNIX is the way it is.  "Life with UNIX" is a
          must book for UNIX beginners to UNIX gurus.
 
	{ Best! Best! Best!  Hooray -- loved it!!!  S.B.Bassett }
    
TITLE: lex & yacc, 2nd Edition
AUTHOR: Mason, Tony
AUTHOR: Brown, Doug
AUTHOR: Levine, John
SUBJECT: Unix lex and yacc utilites
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: October 1992
PAGES: 400
ISBN: 1-56592-000-7
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: lex, yacc
COMMENTS:
	Shows programmers how to use two UNIX utilities, lex and yacc, 
	to solve problems in program development.  Includes explanations 
	of the concepts and tutorial examples, as well as detailed technical 
	information for advanced users.

	LEX & YACC, 2nd edition, continues to be the only book exclusively
	devoted to these two important UNIX programming tools.  Every chapter
	from the first edition has been wholly revised, with new, expanded
	examples replacing old ones.

        Major changes (From 1st Edition) include:
 
          *  Lex and yacc each have a chapter devoted to understanding 
             basic usage and simple, stand-alone applications;

          *  A new chapter with full SQL grammar; 

          *  Greatly expanded reference chapters;

          *  Coverage of the new POSIX 1003.2 standard versions of lex 
             and yacc;

          *  Full coverage of all major MS-DOS and UNIX versions of lex 
             and yacc, including AT&T lex and yacc, Berkeley yacc, 
             Berkeley/Gnu flex, Gnu bison, MKS Lex and Yacc, and Abraxas 
             PCYACC.
     
TITLE: MH & xmh: E-mail for Users & Programmers, 2nd Edition
AUTHOR: Peek, Jerry
SUBJECT: Electronic mail
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: September 1992
PAGES: 728
ISBN: 1-56592-027-9
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: E-mail, MH

  Customizing your e-mail environment to save time and make communicating 
  more enjoyable. MH & xmh: E-Mail for Users & Programmers explains how to 
  use, customize, and program with the MH electronic mail commands, available 
  on virtually any UNIX system. The handbook also covers xmh, an X Window 
  System client that runs MH programs.
  
  The new 2nd edition has been updated for X Release 5 and MH 6.7.2.
  We've added a chapter on "mhook", new sections explaining under-appreciated
  small commands and features, and more examples showing how to use MH to 
  handle common situations.

  NOTE: Over 100 pages added since the 1st edition.
   
TITLE: Managing NFS and NIS
AUTHOR: Stern, Hal
SUBJECT: Networking
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 436
ISBN: 0-937175-75-7
APPROX_COST: 27.95
KEYWORDS: YP, NIS, NFS, PC/NFS
SUGGESTED_BY: stern@sunne.East.Sun.COM (Hal Stern - Consultant)
COMMENTS: 
	The book includes the usual discussions of setting up and
	administering NFS and NIS, but it focuses much more on the
	system design, on-going maintenance, growth management and
	performance tuning issues that seem to create the most problems.
	The chapters include:

		- NIS applications: how to build your own maps, and write
		  applications that use NIS map files

		- NFS design and operation: what biod and nfsd really do.
		  how file attribute caching works.

		- Using NFS and NIS to centralize mail delivery

		- Network Security, including a discussion of Secure RPC/NFS

		- Diagnostic Tools, focusing on debugging and problem isolation

		- Performance Analysis and Tuning

		- The Automounter

		- PC/NFS

	There's also an appendix describing various NFS benchmarking
	techniques and tools.
   
TITLE: Managing Projects with Make, 2nd Edition
AUTHOR: Oram, Andrew
AUTHOR: Talbot, Steve
SUBJECT: Introduction to make(1)
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 135
ISBN: 0-937175-90-0
APPROX_COST: 17.95
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
     
TITLE: Managing UUCP and USENET, 10th Edition
AUTHOR: O'Reilly, Tim
AUTHOR: Todino, Grace
SUBJECT: Introduction to UUCP and Usenet
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 368
ISBN: 0-937175-93-5
APPROX_COST: 27.95
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	For all its widespread use, UUCP is one of the most difficult UNIX 
	utilities to master.  This book is for system administrators who 
	want to install and manage UUCP and Usenet software. "Don't even 
	TRY to install UUCP without it!" -- Usenet message 456@nitrex.UUCP
   
TITLE: Modern Operating Systems
AUTHOR: Tanenbaum, Andrew S.
SUBJECT: Operating systems
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1992
PAGES: <715+>
ISBN: 0-13-588187-0
APPROX_COST: 
KEYWORDS: OS, UNIX, Plan 9, MACH
COMMENTS
   From the preface...
	[...]
	During the past 15 years, I have personally helped design
	and implement three different operating systems: 
	TSS-11 (PDP-11), MINIX (IBM PC, Atari, Amiga, Macintosh,
	and SPARC), and Amoeba (80386, Sun-3, SPARC, and VAX). I have
	drawn on this long experience to emphasize those topics that 
	actually matter in real systems. All the subjects that are 
	expected in an undergraduate text on operating systems are
	included here, including processes, interprocess communication,
	semaphores, monitors, message passing, classical IPC problems,
	scheduling, swapping, virtual memory, paging algorithms,
	segmentation, file systems, security, [...]
	-- Andrew S. Tanenbaum
 
TITLE: Notes on the Draft C Standard
AUTHOR: Plum, Thomas
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Plum Hall
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 92 
ISBN: 0-911537-06-6
APPROX_COST: 10.00
COMMENTS
	Tom Plum is the Vice Chair of the ANSI X3J11 committee, so who better
	to write this book than he?  However, as with any of the other C books
	that treat the ANSI C Standard, it does not cover the Standard in it's
	final form due to the fact that it has yet to be adopted.  However,
	the price is about $10, so it makes a good pickup to keep informed
	about the standard and how it differs from K&R C.
 
TITLE: Numerical Recipes in C, The Art of Scientific Computing
AUTHOR: Press, William H.
AUTHOR: Flannery, Brian
AUTHOR: Teukolsky, Saul
AUTHOR: Vetterling, William
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Cambridge University Press
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 735
ISBN: 0-521-35465-X
APPROX_COST: 44.50
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	". . . it is the one book to buy if you are going to have to solve
	anything numerically on a computer." - Dr. Dobb's Journal
 
TITLE: Obfuscated C and Other Mysteries
AUTHOR: Libes, Don
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 425, including disk with complete source code
ISBN: 0-471-57805-3
COMMENTS
	Finally, an educational yet entertaining book for C
	programmers - or anyone	else who wants to make fun of the
	language.

	"Obfuscated C ..." contains 40 essays that explain various
	mysteries of the language (or perhaps just the author's
	confusion over it) in an enjoyably light-hearted and humorous
	style.  Included are explanations of all of the winners of the
	Obfuscated C Code Contest from 1985 to 1991.  You've seen them
	before, but a superficial glance doesn't do them justice.
	Each of these seemingly short programs are wonderfully
	constructed knots of clever syntax and logic.  You'll cry for
	hours and laugh for days.

	Keep this book away from children!  You've been warned!
   
TITLE: Object-oriented Software Construction
AUTHOR: Meyer, Berstrand
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-13-629031-0
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	A strong, personal view on object oriented programming.  A good
	introduction to the Eiffel language.
  
TITLE: The Open Book
AUTHOR: Rose, Marshall T.
SUBJECT: OSI
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 651
ISBN: 0-13-643016-3
APPROX_COST: 
KEYWORDS: Networking
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	-- From back cover --
	This book is an important contribution to the networking literature
	for two reasons.  First, it is one of the clearest expositions of the 
	OSI architecture and protocols, and it deals with concrete issues, 
	including implementation matters.  Second, it seeks to explicate ways
	in which the TCP/IP Internet community may accommodate the phased 
	introduction of OSI protocols.  This latter contribution is of prime 
	importance if this large and rapidly growing community is to benefit
	from the heavy vendor community investment in OSI software and
	services.
		-- Vint Cerf, Chariman, Internet Activities Board
 
TITLE: Operating  Systems, Design  and Implementation
AUTHOR: Tanenbaum, Andrew S.
SUBJECT: OS Design
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 719
ISBN: 0-13-637406-9
APPROX_COST: 40.00
KEYWORDS: MINIX, UNIX
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	-- From back cover --
	o Covers the fundamental principles in detail including processes,
	interporcess communication, semaphores, monitors, message passing,
	remote procedure call, scheduling algorithms input/output, 
	deadlocks, device drivers, memory management, paging algorithms,
	file system design, network file servers, atomic transactions,
	security, and protection mechanisms.
	o discusses one system -- MINIX, a UNIXX-compatible operating
	system -- in detail to illustrate the principles.
	o provides a complete source code listing of MINIX for study.
 
TITLE: Operating System Design, The XINU approach
AUTHOR: Comer, Douglas
SUBJECT: OS Design
Publisher: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1984
PAGES: 486
ISBN: 0-13-637539-1
APPROX_COST: 39.95
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	-- From back cover --
	In this book, Douglas Comer, dispels the magic from operating system
	design and consolidates the body of material into a systematic
	discipline...
 
	The author guides you through the construction of a conventional
	process-based system, using practical straightforward primitives...
  
TITLE: POSIX Programmer's Guide
AUTHOR: Lewine, Donald
SUBJECT: POSIX
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 640
ISBN: 0-937175-73-0
APPROX_COST: 34.95
KEYWORDS: Posix, standards
     
TITLE: Peter Norton's Guide to Unix
AUTHOR: Norton, Peter
AUTHOR: Hahn, Harley
PUBLISHER: Bantam Books
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 560
ISBN: 0-553-35260-1
APPROX_COST: 26.95
SUGGESTED_BY: Lawrence R. Gibes 
 
TITLE: Portable C Software
AUTHOR: Horton, Mark
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 400
ISBN: 0-13-868050-7
APPROX_COST: 32.95
COMMENTS:
	** From the back jacket:
 
	Portable C Software is designed for professional programmers and
	students who want to write portable C code between System V
	implementations, POSIX, MS DOS, and other operating systems.
 
	Assuming a working knowledge of C, this book addresses and rates
	each feature of the C software environment.  Shell commands, system
	calls, external variables, and macros are discussed and examined
	in detail.
 
	The author provides an advanced introduction to C, describes how
	best to write portable software, examines what not to do, discusses
	common mistakes, and includes an invaluable portability reference
	manual.  In this extensive manual, the author rates the portability
	of the following
 
	   o	subroutines available in C libraries
	   o	operating system calls
	   o	header include files
	   o	predefined variables in the C library
	   o	UNIX(R) system shell commands
 
	Portable C Software offers concise, current coverage of C, and
	will be an important reference for anyone who writes C programs.
 
	Of the nearly 400 pages, about 250 are reference material.  Some of it 
	is fairly detailed.  If you find any errors, or have any suggestions
	for the next edition, please drop me a note at
 
			Mark.Horton@ATT.COM
 
	Thanks to everyone who made helpful suggestions or otherwise
	contributed to the book.  -- Mark
 
TITLE: Portable C and UNIX System Programming
AUTHOR: Lapin, J.E.
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 249
ISBN: 0-13-686494-5
KEYWORDS: Portable C
COMMENTS
	A useful book, mostly because there are no others written on this
	topic, yet... 
 
TITLE: Postscript Language Program Design
AUTHOR: Adobe Systems Incorporated
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-14396-8
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	A must for writing serious PostScript programs.
  
TITLE: Postscript Language Reference Manual
AUTHOR: Adobe Systems Incorporated
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-10174-2
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	The standard PostScript reference.
  
TITLE: Practical C Programming
AUTHOR: Oualline, Steve
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 420
ISBN: 0-937175-65-X
APPROX_COST: 24.95
KEYWORDS: C, programming
  
TITLE: A Practical guide to UNIX System V
AUTHOR: Sobell, Mark G.
SUBJECT: UNIX System V
PUBLISHER: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co.
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 577
ISBN: 0-80-538915-6
APPROX_COST: 32.25
 
TITLE: A Practical Guide to the Unix System (2nd ed.)
AUTHOR: Sobell, Mark G.
SUBJECT: UNIX Guide
PUBLISHER: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co.
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 632
ISBN: 0-80-530243-3
APPROX_COST: 27.95
 
TITLE: Practical UNIX Security
AUTHOR: Garfinkel, Simson
AUTHOR: Spafford, Gene
SUBJECT: Unix security
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 512
ISBN: 0-937175-72-2
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: security
SUGGESTED_BY: "Cliff Stoll" 
COMMENTS
        Here's how to secure your Unix system -- where the security
        holes are, what to watch out for, how outsiders break in,
        how to secure your system in a networked environment.
        The best technical book on the subject that I've seen,
        written for systems people who need to know.  It'll save
	you its purchase price in asprin.
  
TITLE: Power Programming with RPC
AUTHOR: Bloomer, John
SUBJECT: RPC Programming
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 494
ISBN: 0-937175-77-3 
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: RPC, Nutshell
COMMENTS
   Contents include:
	-- The foundations of remote procedure calling; what it is,
	   how it works and what vendors support it.
	-- What RPC offers to application and product developers.
	-- How RPC fits into a distributed computing environment
	-- ONC and DCE, a comparison of their similarities and differences. 
	-- How to develop, debug and deploy networked applications.
	-- Understanding the interprocess control (IPC) mechanisms on 
	   which RPC is based.
	-- Using remote procedure calling in parallel/distributed 
	   processing and scheduling.
	-- Using remote procedure calling with windowing systems.
	-- Examples of distributed applications using both single and 
	   multiple concurrent servers.
  
TITLE: Programming perl
AUTHOR: Wall, Larry
AUTHOR: Schwartz, Randal L.
SUBJECT: Programming in perl
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 465
ISBN: 0-937175-64-1
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: perl, nutshell
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	OUTSTANDING!!!!!!!  I've had mine since USENIX and it's been with
	me since then.  I just don't leave home without it.  This book is
	for you if you are even slightly interested in perl as a language,
	and it's easy reading and excellent examples will make you, as
	Randal would say ``Just Another Perl Hacker''.  It is even worth
	reading if you are not  *yet* interested in the language.
	Programming perl is very light reading and in the words of Larry:
	"...mildly amusing in some spots (and wildly amusing in others)." 

	From back cover: Perl is a language for easily manipulating  text
	files and processes.  Perl provides a more concise and readable way to
	do many jobs that were formally accomplished (with difficulty) by
	programming in the C language or one of the shells.  Even though Perl
	is not yet a standard part of UNIX, it is likely to be available at
	any UNIX site.  And if it isn't, users can get it and install it
	easily and FREE of charge. 
 
TITLE: Programming with Curses
AUTHOR: Strang, John
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1986
PAGES: 76
ISBN: 0-937175-02-1
APPROX_COST: 12.95
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
COMMENTS
	curses is a UNIX library of functions for controlling a terminal's 
	display screen from a C program.  This handbook helps you make use of 
	the curses library.
  
TITLE: RS-232 Card
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference card RS-232 serial communications
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 8
ISBN: 0-916151-42-7
APPROX_COST: $3.00
KEYWORDS: RS-232, serial communications, reference card
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Concise explanation of the RS-232 standard for serial communications.
	Includes signal descriptions, pinouts for both DB-25 and DB-9
	connectors, null modem wiring and an ASCII code chart.
   
TITLE: Recommended C Stype and Coding Standards
AUTHOR: Keppel, David
AUTHOR: ...others...
SUBJECT: Revision of Indian Hill C Style paper
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: June, 1991 
PAGES: 40
ISBN: 0-916151-46-8
APPROX_COST: $5.00
KEYWORDS: C language, programming style
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Describes a recommended coding standard for C language programs.
   
TITLE: sed & awk
AUTHOR: Dougherty, Dale
SUBJECT: Sed and awk programming
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 414
ISBN: 0-937175-59-5
APPROX_COST: 27.95
KEYWORDS: sed, awk
  
TITLE: sendmail
AUTHOR: Costales, Bryan
AUTHOR: Allman, Eric
AUTHOR: Rickert, Neil
SUBJECT: sendmail admin.
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 792
ISBN: 1-56592-056-2
APPROX_COST: $32.95
KEYWORDS: sendmail, e-mail
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	It's been a long time waiting, but Bryan Costales has created an
	excellent and authoratative work on one of the most "magical"
	programs in UNIX.  The black art of sendmail has been uncovered
	and it's mysteries (most of them) have been solved.  With help
	from Eric Allman (creator of sendmail) and Neil Rickert this book
	covers not only the traditional Version 5.x of sendmail, but things
	like the new V8 and IDA sendmail.  The book is well broken up and
	provides a tutorial, followed by an administration section, then a
	reference section, and finally (670 pages later) the appendices.
   
TITLE: The SPARC System Developer's Guide
AUTHOR: Leventhal, L.
AUTHOR: Rohner, J.
SUBJECT: SPARC Assemble Language
PUBLISHER: Springer-Verlag
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-387-97251-X
APPROX_COST: 39.95
KEYWORDS: SPARC
 
TITLE: The Standard C Library
AUTHOR: Plauger, P.J.
SUBJECT: C Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 498
ISBN: 0-13-131509-9
APPROX_COST: 28.00
KEYWORDS: C, libc, programming
   
TITLE: A Student's Guide to UNIX
AUTHOR: Hahn, Harley
SUBJECT: UNIX
PUBLISHER: McGraw-Hill
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 633
ISBN: 0-07-025511-3
APPROX_COST: 
COMMENTS:
	Here is a book that will help you ramp up your UNIX expertise
	quickly.  The book is organized well and takes an honest view	
	of what is out there.  Harley even tells you about MUD (p.430),
	but kindly warns you about it's effects on the graduation rate...
	I suppose the time I saved reading this book will allow me the
	time for a few minutes of studying...

	[This is the first book I have read that actually spells out
	 the infamous RTFM -- in fine fashion I might add.  Page 430
	 ~mitch]
   
TITLE: Software Copyright Handbook
AUTHOR: Joel B. Gilman
SUBJECT: Step-by-step guide to obtaining a software copyright
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: June, 1991 (revised)
PAGES: 29
ISBN: 0-916151-45-X
APPROX_COST: $9.95
KEYWORDS: software copyrights
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	"Understandability: Almost Crystal Clear" and "Summary: A
	quick rundown of the simple requirements for gaining
	copyright protection." -- Walter Zintz, UNIX World, September, 1991
  
TITLE: Software Engineering in C.
AUTHOR: Darnell, Peter A.
AUTHOR: Margolis, Philip E.
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: Springer-Verlag
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 612
ISBN: 0-387-96574-2
APPROX_COST: 29.95
SUGGESTED_BY: srvarma@rodan.acs.syr.edu
COMMENTS 
	One of the finest books I have seen for beginners. Highly recommended
	even for intermediate-level C programmers.
 
TITLE: Software Tools
AUTHOR: Kernighan, Brian W.
AUTHOR: Plauger, P. J.
SUBJECT:  How to write programs that make good tools.
PUBLISHER:  Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1976
PAGES: 338
ISBN: 0-201-03669-X
APPROX_COST: 20.00
KEYWORDS: programming, top-down design, software engineering.
COMMENTS
	The language used is RATFOR but it looks enough like C
	to be used by anyone who knows or is learning C.
	The book purports to contain generic examples that might
	be on any system; the reader will recognise many similarities
	to UNIX.
	Several UNIX-like commands and features are discussed in
	detail. Many UNIX design considerations and philosophies
	are explained.
 
TITLE: System Performance Tuning
AUTHOR: Loukides, Mike
SUBJECT: System Performance
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 336
ISBN: 0-937175-60-9
APPROX_COST: 24.95
KEYWORDS: performance, nutshell
COMMENTS:
	*** From: ORA Fall/Winter 1990 Catalog
	System Performance Tuning answers one of the most fundamental 
	questions you can ask abou your computer: "How can I get it to
	do more work without buying more hardware?"  Anyone who has
	ever used a computer has periodically wished that the system
	was faster, particularly at times when it was under heavy load.
    
TITLE: Software Portability with imake
AUTHOR: DuBois, Paul
SUBJECT: programming
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 390
ISBN: 1-56592-055-4
APPROX_COST: $27.95
KEYWORDS: X, programming, make
COMMENTS:
	From a marketing blurb: imake is a utility that works with make to
	enable code to be compilied and installed on different UNIX machines.
	This new nutshell handbook -- the only book available on imake -- is
	ideal for X and UNIX programmers who want their software to be
	portable.  It includes a general explanation of imake, how to write
	and debug an Imakefile, and how to write configuration files.
   
TITLE: The TCP/IP Companion: A Guide for the Common User
AUTHOR: Arick, Martin R.
SUBJECT: Using TCP/IP
PUBLISHER: QED Publishing Group
DATE: August 1993
PAGES: 263
ISBN: 0-89435-466-3
APPROX_COST: $29.95
KEYWORDS: TCP/IP INTERNET NETWORKING
SUGGESTED BY: Rich O'Hanley, QED, 76620.2720@compuserve.com
COMMENTS:
	Step-by-step instructions on how to use TCP/IP protocols:
	rlogin, telnet, rcp, rsh, tftp and smtp, ftp, mail, mount,
	and network services.
   
TITLE: TCP/IP Network Administration
AUTHOR: Hunt, Craig
SUBJECT: TCP/IP Networking
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: July 1992
PAGES: 502
ISBN: 0-937175-X
APPROX_COST: $29.95
KEYWORDS: TCP, IP, Networking, Admin
COMMENTS:
	A complete guide to setting up and running a TCP/IP network for
	practicing system administrators.  Covers how to set up your network,
	how to configure important network applications including sendmail,
	and discusses troubleshooting and security.
	Covers BSD and System V TCP/IP implementations.
   
TITLE: TCP/IP and Related Protocols
AUTHOR: Black, Uyless
SUBJECT: TCP/IP Networking
PUBLISHER: McGraw Hill
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-07-005553-X
SUGGESTED_BY: James Petts 
COMMENTS
	Chapter 1.      TCP/IP and the Internet
	Chapter 2.      Introduction to Betworks, Bridges, Gateways,
			and Routers
	Chapter 3.      Naming, Addressing, and Routing in an Internet
	Chapter 4.      The Domain Name System (DNS)
	Chapter 5.      The Internet Protocol (IP)
	Chapter 6.      Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
	Chapter 7.      Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User
			Datagram Protocol (UDP)
	Chapter 8.      Route Discover Protocols
	Chapter 9.      The Major Application Layer Protocols
	Chapter 10.     Other Protocols
	Chapter 11.     Internet Network Management Systems
	Chapter 12.     Operating TCP/IP with Other Protocols
			(and Other Protocols without TCP/IP)
	Chapter 13.     TCP/IP and Operating Systems
	Chapter 14.     Management Considerations

	A book written in an "advanced tutorial style", this gives a
	thorough and clear introduction to TCP/IP from a technical point
	of view, but also gives some emphasis to the place of TCP/IP in
	internetworking from an integration and management point of view.
   
TITLE: The TeXbook
AUTHOR: Knuth, Donald E.
PUBLISHER: Addisson-Wesley
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-13448-9
APPROX_COST: <$$.cc>
SUGGESTED_BY: "Diomidis Spinellis" 
COMMENTS
	The standard book on TeX.
  
TITLE: Termcap & Terminfo, 3rd Edition
AUTHOR: Strang, John
AUTHOR: Mui, Linda
AUTHOR: O'Reilly, Tim
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 270
ISBN: 0-937175-22-6
APPROX_COST: 21.95
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
SUPPLIERS
	E-mail: ... uunet!ora!nuts
	Phone#: 1-800-338-NUTS
 
TITLE: Tricks of the UNIX Masters
AUTHOR: Sage, Russel G.
SUBJECT: Reference
PUBLISHER: Howard Sams & Co
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 400
ISBN: 0-672-22449-6. 
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	a "must add" to your list of UNIX books. For about $20, you'll get a
	lot of nifty little tricks & tips you won't pick up unless you've got
	a good UNIX guru to coach you.  The style is relaxed & aimed at a bit
	above the novice UNIX user (experienced programmer with sparse UNIX 
	exposure).
   
TITLE: Typesetting Tables on the UNIX System
AUTHOR: McGilton, Henry	
AUTHOR: McNabb, Mary	
SUBJECT: Using the 'tbl' utility
PUBLISHER: Trilithon Press, 334 State St., Ste. 106 Los Altos CA 94022
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 280
ISBN: 0-9626289-0-5
APPROX_COST: 24.95
KEYWORDS: Typesetting, tbl, troff
COMMENTS
	-- From the back cover:
 
	Reviewers said:
		"You're a pair of lunatics!" -- James Gosling, Sun Micro
		"Good Grief!" -- Ken Greer, Elan Computer Group, Inc.
		"Three Hundred Pages on TBL?!?" -- Prof. Powell, U. Minn
 
	I (S.B.Bassett) rather agree, but I wish there were more lunatics like
	these two, who would do a thorough job of documenting the workings of
	various cryptic, arcane, and downright quirky UNIX utilities for the
	benefit of those of us without source . . .
 
	I actually enjoyed reading this -- Henry sent me a complimentary copy
	in the hopes that I would review it here (thanks, Henry, I did), and I
	figured out why I had so much trouble with 'tbl' on a former job -- I'd
	have paid several times the price for a copy of this 2 years ago.  Too
	bad I'm not doing tech writing any more . . . ;^)
 
TITLE: UNIX C Shell Desk Reference
AUTHOR: Arick, Martin K.
SUBJECT: UNIX C Shell
PUBLISHER: QED Information Sciences
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 220
ISBN: 0-89435-321-4
APPROX_COST: $29.95
KEYWORDS: C_Shell
SUGGESTED_BY: R O'Hanley, 76620.2720@compuserve.com
  
TITLE: The UNIX C Shell Field Guide
AUTHOR: Anderson, Gail
AUTHOR: Anderson, Paul
SUBJECT: C-Shell Guide
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1986
PAGES: 374
ISBN: 0-13-937468-X
APPROX_COST: 31.00
KEYWORDS: C-shell, csh
SUGGESTED_BY: "Michael J. Chinni, SMCAR-CCS-E" 
COMMENTS
	I have heard this called the C-Shell Bible.
   
TITLE: UNIX Curses Explained
AUTHOR: Goodheart, Berny
SUBJECT: Complete Curses and Terminfo reference
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 304
ISBN: 0-13-931957-3
SUGGESTED_BY: goodheart_berny@tandem.com
KEYWORDS: Introduction, Overview, Curses
COMMENTS
        This is a complete text and reference book on UNIX Curses.
	It provides C programmers and UNIX users with the expertise to
	create, install and debug, Curses written applications and
	terminfo description files using the UNIX System V.3 Operating
	System.
 
	Will enable any C programmer to create UNIX Curses or terminfo 
	based programs.
 
	The text is based on UNIX System V.3 and refers to earlier
	releases where appropriate.
 
	In text examples on: using Curses; using Windows; color manipulation;
	using an alternative character set; pads; and terminfo.
 
	The book includes a full alphabetical reference section (120pp)
	documenting all curses functions from both past and present versions
	of the UNIX operating system.
 
	An appendix with terminfo reference tables for both the terminfo
	description designer and the C programmer.
 
TITLE: The UNIX Industry: 
       Evolution, Concepts, Architecture, Applications, and Standards
AUTHOR: Dunphy, Edward P.
SUBJECT: UNIX market analysis
PUBLISHER: QED Information Sciences
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 338
ISBN: 0-89435-390-X
APPROX_COST: $34.95
SUGGESTED_BY: R O'Hanley, 76620.2720@compuserve.com
  
TITLE: UNIX Network Programming
AUTHOR: Stevens, W. Richard
SUBJECT: UNIX Networking
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 772
ISBN: 0-13-949876-1
EDITION: 1990
APPROX_COST: 40.00
KEYWORDS: TCP/IP, XNS, SNA, NetBIOS, OSI, UUCP
SUGGESTED_BY: Richard Stevens ... { uunet | yale } ! hsi ! stevens
SUPPLIERS
     	(201) 767-5937  for fewer than 20 copies
     	(201) 592-2498  for corporate customers ordering 20 or more 
     	(201) 767-5994  for Government orders
COMMENTS
	-- From back cover
	As networking software becomes increasingly importat in today's world,
	a book that teaches programmers how to write and how better to use
	this technology has finally arrived.
 
	... is unique because it includes numerous case studies of real 
	network applications, as well as approximately 15,000 lines of
	C source code, take directly from their source files, to help further
	understanding of networking software.
 
	[ Source is available for anon. ftp at uunet.uu.net   ~mitch ]
 
TITLE: UNIX Networking
AUTHOR: Kochan, Stephen G.
AUTHOR: Wood, Patrick H.
SUBJECT: UNIX Networking
PUBLISHER: Hayden Books
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 400
ISBN: 0-672-48440-4
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: Networking, TCP, NFS
SUGGESTED_BY: Frank W. Peters 
COMMENTS
	An excellent book covering UUCP, TCP/IP, NFS, RPC, Streams, OSI, RFS,
	X11 and NeWS (Sun's postscript based graphical protocol). Each chapter
	serves as an excellent programmers introduction to the topic
	discussed." 
 
TITLE: UNIX Papers for UNIX Developers & Power Users
AUTHOR: The Waite Group Editors - edited by Mitchell Waite
SUBJECT: UNIX Reference
PUBLISHER: Howard W. Sams & Co
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 518
ISBN: 0-672-22578-6
APPROX_COST: 26.95
COMMENTS
	This is a collection of papers.  Some of the them are introductions
	and others cover more arcane bits of knowledge.
   
TITLE: UNIX Power Tools
AUTHOR: Peek, Jerry
AUTHOR: Loukides, Mike
AUTHOR: O'Reilly, Tim
AUTHOR: "other contributors"
SUBJECT: UNIX
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 1,162
ISBN: 0-553-35402-7
APPROX_COST: $59.95 (w/ CD)
KEYWORDS: CD, UNIX, "Arr, Arr, Arr"
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS:
	Hey!  It's "tool time".  You need a book with "more power"?  Well,
	this is the one -- Arr, Arr, Arr.  No need for Al to help out on
	with using this tool.  This book is made for *power*.  It has 1100+
	pages firmly planted on a layflat binding (arr, arr, arr)... real
	paper pages filled with high levels of toner for maximum power in
	those learning curves (arr, arr, arr, arr).  It even comes equipped
	with a CD (AM/FM radio and player not included!).
   
TITLE: UNIX time-sharing system : UNIX programmer's manual vol 1&2
AUTHOR: BELL Laboratories
PUBLISHERS: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
SUBJECT: UNIX...
PUBLISHER: Bell Laboratories
DATE: 1983
PAGES:
ISBN: 0-03-061742-1 (v1)
ISBN: 0-03-061742-X (v2)
APPROX_COST: 
 
TITLE: The UNIX Programming Environment
AUTHOR: Kernighan, Brian W.
AUTHOR: Pike, Rob
SUBJECT: Basic UNIX Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
YEAR: 1984
PAGES: 357
ISBN: 0-13-937699-2 HBK
ISBN: 0-13-937681-X PBK
APPROX_COST: 25.95
SUGGESTED_BY: *Everyone*
COMMENTS
	This book is what I call a classic.  Just buy it.
	A good programmer's introduction.
  
TITLE: UNIX SVR4, The Complete Reference
AUTHOR: Coffin, Stephen
SUBJECT: UNIX Reference
PUBLISHER: Osborne-McGraw Hill
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 882
ISBN: 0-07-881653-X
APPROX_COST: 29.95
SUGGESTED_BY: S.Coffin 
COMMENTS
	An update, revision, expansion, and overall improvement of the
	best-selling UNIX, The Complete Reference (ISBN 0-07-881299-2).
	Written especially for SVR4.  New chapters on csh and ksh, troff,
	NFS and networking, and X Window System, as well as wholesale
	revision of many other chapters.  Well-written, readable, complete;
	but does not cover UNIX internals or software development.
 
TITLE: UNIX System 5 (Bourne) Shell Tutorial
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized tutorial card on the System 5 shell
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 48
ISBN: 0-916151-39-5
APPROX_COST: $6.00
KEYWORDS: shell programming, pocket tutorial
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Tutorial on the use of the shell.  Covers the shell as a
	command interpreter and as a programming language.  Includes
	a reference section and a summary of commonly used commands.
   
TITLE: UNIX V.4 C Library Reference
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket reference on C library functions of SVR4
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: June, 1991
PAGES: 80
ISBN: 0-916151-47-6
APPROX_COST: $8.00
KEYWORDS: C library, ANSI C library, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Documents the functions and system calls available to the
	C programming using UNIX System V, Release 4.  ANSI prototypes
	are used to illustrate the calling conventions of the functions.
	Functions that are part of the ANSI standard library are flagged.
	Designed to complement the SSC ANSI C card.
   
TITLE: UNIX System V.4 Command Summary
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized book listing SVR4 commands
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: December, 1990
PAGES: 80
ISBN: 0-916151-44-1
APPROX_COST: $8.00
KEYWORDS: UNIX SVR4, commands, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Includes commands, options and explanations as well as special
	sections on awk/nawk, sed, ftp, sdb and telnet.
   
TITLE: UNIX System 5.2/5.3 Command Summary
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized book listing UNIX Systems 5.2 and 5.3 commands
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: 1989 (revised)
PAGES: 56
ISBN: 0-916151-23-9
APPROX_COST: $6.00
KEYWORDS: UNIX system V, commands, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Includes commands, options and explanations as well as
	special sections on awk and sdb.
   
TITLE: UNIX Shell Programming
AUTHOR: Kochan, Stephen G.
AUTHOR: Wood, Patrick H.
SUBJECT: Shell Programming
PUBLISHER: Hayden Book Company
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 442
ISBN: 0-8104-6309-1
APPROX_COST: 24.95
KEYWORDS: Bourne Shell, sh
COMMENTS
	I own this book, but I rarely crack it open.  I guess the main reason
	is that I am still a Bourne-again shell user.  For years I worked with
	a variety of systems where one might find csh and/or ksh.  However,
	/bin/sh was the only common denominator.  I find that most often I
	refer to Kernighan and Pike for shell programming questions.  However,
	they don't address the C Shell (csh) or Korn Shell (ksh).  This book
	does offer a chapter on each.  In addition, this book may be more
	suited for a beginner than an experienced UNIX programmer. 
 
TITLE: UNIX System Administration Handbook
AUTHOR: Nemeth, Evi
AUTHOR: Snyder, Garth
AUTHOR: Seebass, Scott
SUBJECT: System Administration
PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-933441-6
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 593
APPROX_COST: 32.00
KEYWORDS: SunOS, BSD, Administration
SUGGESTED_BY: Michael S. Cross 
COMMENTS
	{ I'm recommending it for all of the people who get workstations
	  from us, and for all of the User Services people here -- an
	  added plus is that the programs listed are available by
	  anonymous ftp from the authors' home system.  S.B.Bassett }
 
	The book does a pretty good job of explaining the differences
	between the types of UNIX(R) systems and administering them.  It's
	also on the light or humorous side which is a definite plus.
 
TITLE: UNIX System Command Summary for SVR4/Solaris 2.1
AUTHOR: SSC
SUBJECT: UNIX: Solaris 2.x
PUBLISHER: SCC Inc.
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 159
ISBN: 0-916151-61-1
APPROX_COST: 10.00
KEYWORDS: Solaris, SVR4
COMMENTS:
	Pocket reference?  Pocket Book!  Here is alot of information
	concisely placed in a pocket sized book and easy on the pocket
	book.  It is jam packed with information ranging from your 
	favorite options to adb, through NIS+, and on to vgrind and yacc.
	It has alot of "pkginfo(1)"...
   
TITLE: UNIX System Programming
AUTHOR: Haviland, Keith
AUTHOR: Salama, Ben
SUBJECT: Programming
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 339
ISBN: 0-201-12919-1
APPROX_COST: 27.95
COMMENTS
	Concentrates on the UNIX System call interface.
 
TITLE: UNIX System Security
AUTHOR: Wood, Patrick H.
AUTHOR: Kochan, Stephen G.
SUBJECT: UNIX Security
PUBLISHER: Hayden Book Company
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 299
ISBN: 0-8104-6267-2
APPROX_COST: 34.95
KEYWORDS: Security
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	-- From back cover
 
	Here is a practical guide to computer security on the UNIX system for
	the user, administrator, or potential UNIX system buyer.  It will
	teach you everything you need to know ot make your system secure and
	keep it that way. Topics covered include:
 
	- file and directory permissions
	- password security
	- how the setuid/gid permissions work and how to use them
	- how the various security-related UNIX commands and functions work
	- how to write secure programs
	- different methods of data encryption -- including the government
	  standard DES algorithm -- and how secure they are
	- data encryption over communication networks
	- how to discover and plug potential security holes in your system
	- how to periodically monitor your system to maintain security
 
	Also included is the complete source for several security auditing and 
	administration programs.
 
TITLE: UNIX System V Bible
AUTHOR: Prata, Stephen
AUTHOR: Martin, Donald
AUTHOR: The Waite Group
SUBJECT: SYSV Reference
PUBLISHER: Howard Sams & Company
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 516
ISBN: 0-672-22562-X
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	This is a comprehenisve reference for programmers working with the
	UNIX operating system documentation, covering intermediate to advanced
	level programming for professionals who have prior experience
	programming in C or using UNIX.
 
TITLE: The UNIX System V Environment
AUTHOR: Bourne, Steven R.
SUBJECT: Users Guide
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 378
ISBN: 0-201-18484-2
APPROX_COST: 26.95
SUGGESTED_BY: Steen Hammerum
COMMENTS
	Steen Hammerum Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen says:
	"has been _very_ useful to me (proof: I'm on my second copy)"
 
TITLE: UNIX System: Readings and Applications
AUTHOR: AT&T 
SUBJECT: Reference
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 
ISBN: 013-938532-0 (v1) 
ISBN: 013-939845-7 (v2)
APPROX_COST: 19.00 each
COMMENTS
		Vol 1: UNIX Time-Sharing System
		Vol.2: The UNIX System
 
	These two volumes are reprints of the two volumes of the Bell
	Labs Technical Journal (now AT&T Tech J.) that were devoted to UNIX:
	Vol. 57, No. 6, Part 2, July-August, 1987, and
	Vol. 63, No. 8, October, 1984.
 
TITLE: Unix System Security
AUTHOR: Rik Farrow
SUBJECT: UNIX security
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 278
ISBN: 0-201-57030-0
APPROX_COST: 22.95
KEYWORDS: Security
COMMENTS:
    Farrow is editor-at-large for UNIXWorld magazine and also wrote
    "Unix administration guide for System V".  This book is well-done,
    containing lots of examples of how to break and fix Unix security,
    although a lot of it seems to be a rehash of material that's been
    printed before.  It's a worthwhile addition to any Unix
    system admin's library.
  
TITLE: Unix System Security - A Guide for Users and System Administrators
AUTHOR: Curry, David
SUBJECT: Security
PUBLISHER: Addison Wesley
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 
ISBN: 0-201-56327-4
APPROX_COST: 
KEYWORDS: UNIX security
SUGGESTED_BY: Rob Slade 
COMMENTS
	What do you say about a computer security book that has a picture of a
	cute little cartoon devil on the cover?
 
	Well, in this case, the cover hides a competent and fairly thorough
	treatment of security on UNIX systems.  Nothing terribly surprising,
	but a step-by-step exploration of the various aspects of UNIX
	security, potential threats, and suggestions to reduce the level of
	vulnerability.
 
	The subtitle explains that the book is "A Guide for Users and System
	Administrators" and the preface further provides that the attempt has
	been made to provide sufficient information that administrators can
	protect their systems, while not giving away details that can help
	crackers.  By and large the book succeeds.  The book is clear and
	simple enough that users (intelligent ones, anyway) should be able to
	understand the concepts and need for security.  System administrators
	will find a fairly comprehensive overview of the topic.  (Some areas,
	such as the reading list, could use a bit more material, but there is,
	at least, a "good start".)  "Crackers" may find some help (such as the
	password cracking program), but definitely won't be able to use this
	as a "cookbook".
 
	copyright Robert M. Slade, 1993   BKCURRY.RVW   930802
      
TITLE: UNIX Text Processing
AUTHOR: Dougherty, Dale
AUTHOR: O'Reilly, Tim
SUBJECT: Text Processing
PUBLISHER: Hayden Books
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 665
ISBN: 0-672-46291-5
APPROX_COST: 26.95
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	This is a MUST for all [nt]roff users.
 
TITLE: The UNIX Text Processing System
AUTHOR: Christian, Kaare
SUBJECT: Text Processing
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 250
ISBN: 0-471-85581-2
APPROX_COST: 24.95
SUGGESTED_BY: "Michael J. Chinni, SMCAR-CCS-E" 
COMMENTS
	I have found this to be a very good guide to nroff, and the -mm
	macros. It also covers the -ms macros, vi, eqn, tbl, refer, and pic
 
TITLE: UNIX for Super-Users
AUTHOR: Foxley, Eric
SUBJECT: Users Guide
PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 213
ISBN: 0-201-14228-7
APPROX_COST: 27.95
KEYWORDS: SYSV
  
TITLE: UNIX for the impatient
AUTHOR: Abrahams, Paul W.
AUTHOR: Larson, Bruce A.
SUBJECT: UNIX, patience
PUBLISHER: Addison Wesley
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 559
ISBN: 0-201-55703-7
APPROX_COST: $26.95
KEYWORDS: UNIX, Shell, X, Intro
SUGGESTED_BY: Lawrence P. O'Keefe, 
COMMENTS:

	From the preface: "... an in-depth, comprehensive guide to
	UNIX - a handbook you can use both as a manual to learn UNIX 
	and as a ready reference for fast answers to specific UNIX questions"

	Chapters:
		Introduction
		Concepts
		Basic operations on files
		Utility programs
		Shells
		Standard editors
		The GNU Emacs editor
		Data manipulation using filters
		Sending and receiving mail
		Communicating with remote computers
		The X window system
	Appendices:
		Alphabetical summary of commands
		Comparison of MS-DOS and UNIX
		Resources
		Glossary

	Lawrence says:
 	   ``I find the book very useful, particularly the command summary
	     and the section on filters.''
      
TITLE: UNIX in a Nutshell (BSD)
AUTHOR: 
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 272
ISBN: 0-937175-20-X
APPROX_COST: 19.50
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
 
TITLE: UNIX in a Nutshell (System V)
AUTHOR: 
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 296
ISBN: 0-937175-19-6
APPROX_COST: 19.50
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
   
TITLE: UNIX in a Nutshell: Desktop Quick Reference for SV & Solaris 2.0
AUTHOR: Gilly, Daniel
AUTHOR: ORA Staff
SUBJECT: UNIX
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: June 1992
PAGES: 444
ISBN: 1-56592-001-5
APPROX_COST: $9.95
KEYWORDS: UNIX, Solaris, SVR4
  
	You may have seen UNIX quick reference guides, but you've never seen
	anything like UNIX in a Nutshell.  Not a scaled-down quick-reference 
	of common commands, UNIX in a Nutshell is a complete reference
	containing all commands and options, along with generous descriptions
	and examples that put the commands in context.  For all but the
	thorniest UNIX problems this one reference should be all the
	documentation you need.
  
	Covers System V Releases 3 and 4 and Solaris 2.0.
      
TITLE: UNIX, The Complete Reference
AUTHOR: Coffin, Stephen
SUBJECT: UNIX Reference
PUBLISHER: Osborne-McGraw Hill
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 704
ISBN: 0-07-881299-2
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
        An inexpensive reference and guide to System V in a style
	familiar to those from the micro world where OMH and QUE
	have many best selling guides to Lotus, DOS, Word, etc.
 
TITLE: Understanding and Using COFF
AUTHOR: Gircys, Gintaras R.
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 196
ISBN: 0-937175-31-5
APPROX_COST: 21.95
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS
	-- From back cover
	This handbook explains the COFF data structure and its manipulation.
 
	Contents include:
		- The basics of COFF
		- Assembley code relocation process
		- COFF file headers
		- Relocation structures
		- The linking process
		- The COFF system in UNIX
		- Magic numbers
		- The COFF symbolic debug system
		- COFF and shared libraries
		- Utilities and techniques for working with COFF files
		- A sample program to manipulate COFF
 
	[ Source used in this book is available via ftp from UUNET  ~mitch ]
 
TITLE: Unix Administrations Guide for System V
AUTHOR: Thomas, Rebecca
AUTHOR: Farrow, Rik
SUBJECT: System Administration
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 636
ISBN: 0-139-42889-5
APPROX_COST: 34.95
SUGGESTED_BY: Lars Tunkrans
COMMENTS
	Bought this book last week, seems to me to be the most
	comprehensive and fact-packed book on the subject I've ever seen.
 
TITLE: UNIX Applications Programming Mastering the Shell
AUTHOR: Swartz, Ray
SUBJECT: Bourne Shell programming, grep, sed, awk, sort
PUBLISHER: SAMS, A Division of Macmillan Computer Publishing
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 452 
ISBN: 0-672-22715-0
LCCN: 90-61476
APPROX_COST: 26.95
KEYWORDS: Unix, Bourne shell programming, tools
SUGGESTED_BY: zwbm07@hou.amoco.com (Walter Moore)
COMMENTS
	I find this book a VERY good primer and an excellent reference
	book on Unix tools and shell programming.
  
TITLE: The Unix Command Reference Guide
AUTHOR: Christian, Kaare
SUBJECT: Topically organized reference for about 50 Unix commands
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 361
ISBN: 0-471-85580-4 PBK
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	This book is a guide to the most useful Unix commands, organized
	topically.  It is used both as a handy reference, and as a quick start
	guide for technically adept users who are starting to use the Unix
	system. The book contains comprehensive sections on awk, sed, vi, and
	the Bourne shell. There are many examples.
 
TITLE: Unix Communications
AUTHOR: Anderson, Bart
AUTHOR: Costales, Barry
AUTHOR: Henderson, Harry
SUBJECT: Communication Reference
PUBLISHER: The Waite Group
DATE: 1991
PAGES: 736
ISBN: 0-672-22773-8
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: UUCP, USENET
COMMENTS
	Covers everything the end user needs to know about email, USENET 
	and UUCP.
 
TITLE: The Unix Environment
AUTHOR: Walker, A. N.
SUBJECT: UNIX
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons
DATE: 1984
PAGES: 151
ISBN: 0-471-90564-X
APPROX_COST: 20.40
COMMENTS
	An excellent user's introduction. I have a special affection for
	this book, as it introduced me to the plural forms VAXen and Unices.
 
TITLE: The Unix Operating System, Second Edition
AUTHOR: Christian, Kaare
SUBJECT: Comprehensive introduction to Unix
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 455
ISBN: 0-471-84782-8 HBK
ISBN: 0-471-84781-X PBK
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	This is the second edition of a widely used, widely translated
	primeval Unix book.  It is a comprehensive introductory book that goes
	into more detail than most. While it is not a very good introduction
	for people who will only use the system superficially, it is an
	excellent introduction for those who plan to master the Unix system.
	It includes sections on the most useful utilities, shell programming,
	vi editing, and system internals.
 
TITLE: Unix Power Utilities for Power Users
AUTHOR: Muster, John
AUTHOR: Birns, Peter
SUBJECT: Introduction to UNIX
PUBLISHER: MIS Press
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 420
ISBN: 1-55828-000-6
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	** From Page 2...
 
			Overview of Contents
	If you have the ability to log on the system, create, move, copy and
	remove files, create and change directories, and issue basic shell
	commands, you will be able to complete the exercises in these modules.
	If you are more experienced, you may be able to proceed quickly
	through part or all of Modules 2 and 3, and the introductory steps to
	several of the other modules. 
  
TITLE: The UNIX Survival Guide
AUTHOR: Nichols, Elizabeth A.
AUTHOR: Balin, Sidney C.
AUTHOR: Nichols, Joseph C.
SUBJECT: Introduction to UNIX basics
PUBLISHER: Holt, Rinehart & Winston
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 311
ISBN: 0-03-000773-9
SUGGESTED_BY: Andrew T. Young 
COMMENTS:
	It contains good tutorial information for new owners of UNIX systems,
	as well as for new users.  There is a useful introduction to the nuts
	and bolts of the file system, for example, as well as info on basic
	commands, and a chapter on processes and signals.
 
TITLE: Unix System Administration
AUTHOR: Fiedler, David
AUTHOR: Hunter, Bruce H.
SUBJECT: System Administration
PUBLISHER: Hayden Books (Howard Sams & Co)
DATE: 1986
PAGES: 320
ISBN: 0-8104-6289-3
APPROX_COST: 24.94
KEYWORDS: Administration
COMMENTS
	-- From back cover --
	An essential guide for anyone who owns or operates a UNIX system.  The
	clear presentation and easy-to-follow style make it suitable for the
	user who does not have a technical background.  [...]
	Using step-by-step guidelines for complex procedures, the book 
	includes information on:
		- making back-ups
		- configuring systems
		- writing shell programs
		- connecting a printer, a terminal, and other devices
		- communicating with other systems
 
TITLE: UNIX System V, Release 4 Administration
AUTHOR: Fiedler, David
AUTHOR: Hunter, Bruce H.
SUBJECT: System Administration
PUBLISHER: Hayden Books
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 436
ISBN: 0-672-22810-6
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: Administration, SVR4
COMMENTS
	-- From back cover --
	UNIX(r) Sytem V Release 4 Administration, Second Editoin, starts with
	a quick overview and shows you how to set up file systems, add and
	remove users, and improve the security of your UNIX system.  Explicit
	troubleshooting charts help you find and solve typical system problems,
	including those that invade networks.  This updated edition also
	presents expert UNIX coverage of mail and news systems, workstations,
	X terminals, and PCs.  You'll also find timesaving, ready-to-run
	programs so that you can administrate your system with ease.
   
TITLE: Unix for People
AUTHOR: Birns, Peter M.
AUTHOR: Brown, Patrick B.
AUTHOR: Muster, John C. 
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1985
PAGES: 528
ISBN: 0-13-937442-6 PBK
ISBN: 0-13-937459-0 HBK
APPROX_COST: 28.00
 
TITLE: Using the UNIX system
AUTHOR: Gauthier, Richard L.
SUBJECT: Introduction to UNIX
PUBLISHER: 
DATE: 1981
PAGES: 297
ISBN: 0-8359-8164-9 HBK
ISBN: 0-8359-8162-2 PBK
COMMENTS
	Introductory level book, extremely basic and easy reading.  I read
	this on a plane trip between Newark, NJ and Columbus, OH before I ever
	worked seriously with UNIX.  Unlike, Rebecca Thomas and Jean Yates
	Tutorial style book this one does not require you to be sitting down
	in front of a crt in order to derive benefit from it.
  
TITLE: Using C on the UNIX system
AUTHOR: Curry, David A.
SUBJECT: C programming
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 250
ISBN: 0-937175-23-4
APPROX_COST: 24.95
KEYWORDS: C, UNIX
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
SUPPLIERS
	E-mail: ... uunet!ora!nuts
	Phone#: 1-800-338-NUTS
COMMENTS
	This is a must for the Beginning UNIX programmer.
  
TITLE: Using C with Curses, Lex and YACC
AUTHOR: Schreiner, Axel T.
SUBJECT: Programming
PUBLISHER: Prentice-Hall
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 257
ISBN: 0-13-932864-5
APPROX_COST: 44.95
KEYWORDS: C, Curses, Lex, YACC
COMMENTS:
	-- From back cover --
	This book presents the development of programs that make extensive use
	of curses and provides solutions to the typical problems encountered
	when implementing full-screen applications with curses.
	The book illustrates how to work in the Unix C environment:
	
	- how to build command languages with the compiler generatores lex and
	  yacc
	- how to make portable full-screen dialogs with the curses library
	- how to build symbol tables and manage variable-length argument lists
	  using C library functions
	- how to manage program development with the make program
	- how to manage multiple processes from a program and how to
	  communicate with them.

	Throughout the book the full source code of a major example is shown.
 
TITLE: Using UUCP and USENET
AUTHOR: Todino, Grace
AUTHOR: Dougherty, Dale
SUBJECT: Introduction
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
DATE: 1990
PAGES: 210
ISBN: 0-937175-10-2
APPROX_COST: 21.95
KEYWORDS: Nutshell Handbook
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
 
TITLE: UNIX for FORTRAN Programmers 
AUTHOR: Loukides, Mike
SUBJECT: UNIX
DATE: 
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
PAGES: 264
ISBN: 0-937175-51-X
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	This handbook minimizes the UNIX entry barrier, by providing  
	the serious scientific programmer with an introduction to 
	the UNIX operating system and its tools.  
	Assumes some knowledge of FORTRAN, but none of UNIX nor C.
  
TITLE: UNIX/Xenix Text Processing Reference
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference card on nroff, troff, tbl, eqn and mm macros
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: 1987
PAGES: 33
ISBN: 0-916151-22-0
APPROX_COST: $6.00
KEYWORDS: troff, nroff, tbl, eqn, mm, text processing, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
   
TITLE: VI Reference
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized reference card on the VI editor
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: January, 1991 (revised)
PAGES: 10
ISBN: 0-916151-41-7
APPROX_COST: $3.00
KEYWORDS: vi, pocket reference, UNIX
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	First published in 1984, updated regularly since then
  
TITLE: VI Tutorial
AUTHOR: Frazier, Belinda
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized tutorial on the VI editor
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: January, 1992 (revised)
PAGES: 56
ISBN: 0-916151-54-9
APPROX_COST: $6.00
KEYWORDS: vi, pocket tutorial, UNIX
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Complements the SSC VI Reference
  
TITLE: The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalog
AUTHOR: Krol, Ed
SUBJECT: Use of the Internet
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: September 1992
PAGES: 397
ISBN: 1-56592-025-2
APPROX_COST: $24.95 
KEYWORDS: Internet, Archie, WAIS, Gopher
SUGGESTED_BY: Mitch Wright 
COMMENTS

  [taken from ORA literature]

  A comprehensive introduction to the Internet, the international
  network that includes virtually every major computer site in the world.
  The Internet is a resource of almost unimaginable wealth.  In addition
  to electronic mail and news services, thousands of public archives,
  databases, and other special services are available:  everything from
  space flight announcements to ski reports.  This book is a comprehensive
  introduction to what's available and how to find it.  In addition to
  electronic mail, file transfer, remote login, and network news, The
  Whole Internet User's Guide pays special attention to some 
  new tools for helping you find information.  Whether you're a 
  researcher, a student, or just someone who likes electronic mail, 
  this book will help you to explore what's possible.
  
  Also includes a pull-out quick-reference card.

  Be sure to see page 294!  :-)

   
TITLE: Writing a Unix Device Driver
AUTHOR: Egan, Janet I.
AUTHOR: Teixeira, Thomas J.
SUBJECT: Programming
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons.
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 357
ISBN: 0-471-62811-5, paperback: 0-471-62859-X
APPROX_COST: 24.95
KEYWORDS: BSD, Xenix
      
TITLE: X Window System Administrator's Guide
AUTHOR: Mui, Linda
AUTHOR: Pearce, Eric
SUBJECT: X, Admin
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: October 1992
PAGES: 372
ISBN: 0-937175-83-8
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: X11R4, X11R5
COMMENTS:
	Ever wonder what is involved in setting up and maintaining X.
	Wonder no more... buy this book!
   
TITLE: The X Window System in a Nutshell
AUTHOR: Cutler, Ellie
AUTHOR: Gilly, Daniel
AUTHOR: O'Reilly, Tim
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: 1993
PAGES: 424
ISBN: 1-56592-017-1
APPROX_COST: 9.95
KEYWORDS: X
COMMENTS:
	From ORA mailing
	We have lowered the price of this book to $9.95 from $24.95.
	It contains essential information in a boiled-down quick-reference 
	format that makes it easy to find the answers needed most often:

	   - Command line options and resources for the standard MIT X clients.
	   - Calling sequence for all Xlib and Xt functions and macros.
	   - Detailed description of structures, enums, and other X data types
	     used as arguments or return values in Xlib or Xt functions.
	   - Description of the code inside a basic widget.
	   - Quick reference to the event structures.
	   - Font name syntax, color names, resource file and translations
	     table syntax, and cursors.
	   - Xlib and Xt error messages.

	The descriptions of the functions have been expanded and clarified, 
	with improved cross-referencing to important related functions.
	Includes material on Xcms and the internationalization features of R5.
   
TITLE: X Window System User's Guide
AUTHOR: Quercia, Valerie
AUTHOR: O'Reilly, Tim
SUBJECT: X
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly & Associates
DATE: May 1993
PAGES: 752
ISBN: 1-56592-014-7
APPROX_COST: 34.95
KEYWORDS: X11R5
COMMENTS:
	X is just too darn configurable.  And why does the client/server
	seem so strange.  This book will help you wrestle with those
	concepts and help you create a usable X environment.
	It is also an excellent guide for admins -- just point to it on
	your desk when some user comes up to you and asks ``how do I...''
   
TITLE: The Xenix Command Reference Guide
AUTHOR: Christian, Kaare
AUTHOR: Richter, Susan
SUBJECT: Topically organized reference for about 50 Xenix commands
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DATE: 1988
PAGES: 420
ISBN: 0-471-61707-5 (pbk)
APPROX_COST: 24.95
COMMENTS
	This book is a guide to the most useful Xenix commands, organized
	topically.  It is used both as a handy reference, and as a quick start
	guide for technically adept users who are starting to use the Xenix
	system. The book contains comprehensive sections on awk, sed, vi, the
	Bourne shell, and system administration. There are many examples.
   
TITLE: Xenix System V Command Summary
AUTHOR: SSC Staff
SUBJECT: Pocket-sized book listing SCO Xenix System V commands
PUBLISHER: SSC (Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.)
DATE: 1989
PAGES: 60
ISBN: 0-916151-35-2
APPROX_COST: $6.00
KEYWORDS: vi, pocket reference
SUGGESTED_BY: Phil Hughes fyl@ssc.wa.com
COMMENTS
	Includes commands, options and explanations as well as special
	sections on awk, C Shell and sdb.
   
TITLE: The Z-Mail Handbook: 3 Interfaces for E-mail
AUTHOR: Nelson, Hanna
SUBJECT: Electronic mail
PUBLISHER: O'Reilly and Associates
DATE: 
PAGES: 462
ISBN: 0-937175-76-5
APPROX_COST: 29.95
KEYWORDS: E-mail, Z-mail, mush
SUGGESTED_BY:  
COMMENTS:
	Z-Mail is a superset of the widely-used public-domain program, 
	Mush.  Z-Mail runs on UNIX terminals or on graphic workstations 
	running the X Window System, and even supports multimedia 
	attachments (so you can mail anything that you can store on disk).
	This is the complete guide to this powerful mail program. Also 
	covers Mush.
     
TITLE: Zen and the Art of the Internet, A Beginner's Guide
AUTHOR: Kehoe, Brendan P.
SUBJECT: networking
PUBLISHER: 
DATE: 1992
PAGES: 113
ISBN: 
APPROX_COST: $22.00
KEYWORDS: network, internet
COMMENTS:
	A fun introduction and quick-access reference for once and future
	travelers on the Internet.  This complete guide covers searching
	databases, sending and receiving e-mail, accessing Usenet news,
	remote and commercial information services, using the FTP, and
	much more.
   
TITLE: ** Publishers **
SUBJECT: Suppliers
COMMENTS
	>> Tell 'em Mitch sent ya.  :-)

	----------------------------------------------------------

	Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.

	1 Jacob Way
	Reading, MA   01867-9984
	800-527-5210
	617-944-3700

	5851 Guion Road
	Indianapolis, IN   46254
	800-447-2226

	----------------------------------------------------------

	O'Reilly and Associates
	103 Morris Street, Suite A
	Sebastopol, CA 95472
	** (800) 998-9938 **
	Local/Overseas: 1-707-829-0515 (7am-5pm PST)
	FAX: (707) 829-0104
	E-mail: nuts@ora.com
		uunet!ora!nuts

	Gopher: gopher.ora.com
	WWW users can use the following http addr: "gopher://gopher.ora.com"

	----------------------------------------------------------

	SSC
	P.O. Box 55549
	Seattle, WA 98155
	(206) FOR-UNIX / (206)527-3385
	FAX: (206) 527-2806
	E-mail: sales@ssc.wa.com

	----------------------------------------------------------

	QED Publishing Group
	PO Box 812070
	Wellesley, MA  02181-0013
	tel:  617-237-5656-, 800-343-4848
	fax: 627-235-0826
	e-mail:  76620.2720@compuserve.com

	----------------------------------------------------------

   As a note, I'm only including publisher names, addresses, ...
   IFF they have a phone number or E-mail address for ordering.
  
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uninstall-docsDATA:
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	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
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tags: TAGS
TAGS:


DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)

top_distdir = ../../../..
distdir = $(top_distdir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)

distdir: $(DISTFILES)
	@for file in $(DISTFILES); do \
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	if test "$$dir" != "$$file" && test "$$dir" != "."; then \
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	cp -pR $$d/$$file $(distdir) \
	|| exit 1; \
	else \
	test -f $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| cp -p $$d/$$file $(distdir)/$$file \
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clean-generic:

distclean-generic:
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clean: kde-rpo-clean  clean-am

clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am

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maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic

mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am

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# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
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#>+ 2
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405214014724 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.10000755000076400001440000001500107055334442016444 
This archive contains a complete course for you to learn the 'C' computer
language itself.

The language used is correct conversational English, I have written the
lessons using the same language constructions which I would use if I were
teaching you directly.

An outline of the course is available for you to read below
The course is intended to demonstrate the language
itself and a selection of the simpler standard library functions.

I have assumed that you have had sufficient exposure to computing
to be able to use a programmer's editor of your choice and are
confident in the use of the command line interpreter, whether it
be a unix shell, or a DOS ( shudder :-) prompt. Some knowledge,
of computers and the jargon is assumed, but complicated concepts are
fully explained. In other words the intent is to teach 'C' per se,
not 'the fundamentals of how to program a computer using 'C' as
a teaching medium.'

'C' is not a computer language for rank beginners. Start with
an interpretive language and proceed to a compiled language
which has an extensive error message vocabulary and run-time
checking facilities. In the interests of speed of execution 'C'
does very little to protect you from yourself!

Throughout the course the fact that a compiler is a translater
from a high level language to assembler code is kept to the fore,
you are frequently advised to examine the assembler code which is
output by the compiler. Some minimal knowledge of computer architecture
is therefore assumed.

Whilst I have taken considerable care to ensure that this material is
free of errors I am well aware that to err is a common human failing,
and in this I don't claim to be different from anybody else.
Therefore your gentle critique is welcome together with notification
of any factual errors.

It is planned to make the lessons available as a printed book,
complete with a programme diskette if there is sufficient interest.

                     Syllabus for the 'C' Language Course.


    1   a) Historical introduction to the Language.

        b) Demonstration of a very simple program.

        c) Brief explanation of how the computer turns
           your program text into an executing program.

        d) The basic differences between 'C' and other languages.
           The advantages and disadvantages.

      We make the assumption that you are able to turn on your machine,
      use the Operating System at the Control Line Interpreter prompt
      "$ ", "c:>" or whatever, and to use an editor to enter program text.


    2   a) How the 'C' language arranges for the storage of data.
           An explanation of the keywords associated with data.
           The storage classes:- static auto volatile const.
           The variable types:- char int long float double
           The meaning of:- signed unsigned

        b) Introduction to the concept of pointers.

        c) Explanation of reading from the keyboard and writing to the screen.
           i.e. printf and scanf, the print formatted and scan formatted
                                   functions.

        d) The use of arguments to the main() function, argc argv env.

        e) A simple program to format text.


                3   Structures, arrays and pointers.

                          a) Explanation of more coplex data structures.
                          b) Programs which demonstrate uses of pointers.

    4   The operators of the language, arithmetic, pointer, logical, bitwise.

        a) Precedence.
        b) The unique bit and shifting operators.
           ( for a high level language )

    5   a) The Preprocesser.
        b) Header files

           What they are and what you put in them, both your own and
           those provided by the 'C' compiler vendor.

           A simple title which includes all sorts of things,
           both very useful and a number of traps.

    6   The library, why we have them and some of the more useful routines.

        a) How to read the book.
        b) The string functions as an example.

    7   a) Mistakes and how avoid making them.
        b) Debugging strategies.
        c) The assert macro.

    8   a) More on the representation of data vis. struct, typdef.

        b) Tables of all sorts.
           Arrays of structures.
           Pre-initialisation of data structures.
           ( Including jump or dispatch tables )
           The bit-field.

        c) Use of header files in this.


    9   a) The control structures of the language, what (not) to use and when.


   10   a) File IO

           This is an enormous subject and we we will
           really only just scratch on the surface.


   11   a) Lint, and more on errors / bugs and how to avoid them.


   12  The stack and a quick dip into assembler

       a) A study of the function calling mechanism used by most 'C'
          compilers and the effect on compiler output code of using
          the register storage class and the optimiser.

   13  The heap.

       a) The 'heap', it's management, malloc(), calloc() and free().


   14  Portability Issues.

       a) Defaults for storage sizes.
       b) 'endianism'. Yes, there are big-endian and little-endian computers!
       c) Functions which can be called with a variable number of arguments.


   15  Sample programs.

       Much is to be gained from examining public domain packages
       examining the code and reviewing the author's style.
       We will look at a number of functions and complete packages.
       in particular we will examine a number of sorting functions,
       a multi-threading technique, queues, lists, hashing, and trees.


               /* ----------------------------------------- */

Copyright notice:-

(c) 1993 Christopher Sawtell.

I assert the right to be known as the author, and owner of the
intellectual property rights of all the files in this material,
except for the quoted examples which have their individual
copyright notices. Permission is granted for onward copying,
but not modification, of this course and its use for personal
study only, provided all the copyright notices are left in the
text and are printed in full on any subsequent paper reproduction.

--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.20000755000076400001440000002253307055334445016460                             Lesson One.

Some Historical Background.

The 'C' programming language was designed and developed by Brian Kernighan, and
Dennis Ritchie at The Bell Research Labs. 'C' is a Language specifically
created
in order to allow the programmer access to almost all of the machine's
internals
- registers, I/O slots and absolute addresses. However, at the same time,
'C' allows for as much data hiding and programme text modularisation as is
needed to allow very complex multi-programmer projects to be constructed in an
organised and timely fashion. During the early 1960s computer Operating Systems
started to become very much more complex with the introduction of
multi-terminal
and multi-process capabilities. Prior to this time Operating Systems had been
carefully and laboriously crafted using assembler codes, and many programming
teams realised that in order to have a working o/s in anything like a
reasonable time this was now longer economically feasible. This then was the
motivation to produce the 'C' Language, which was first implemented in
assembler on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-7. Of course once a simple
assembler version was working it was possible to rewrite the compiler in 'C'
itself. This was done in short order and therefore as soon as the PDP-11 was
introduced by DEC it was only necessary to change the code generator section
of the compiler and the new machine had a compiler in just a few weeks. 'C' was
then used to implement the UNIX o/s. This means, that a complete UNIX can be
transported, or to use the simple jargon of today; 'ported to a new machine in
literally just a few months by a small team of competent programmers.

Enough of the past. Lets see the various actions, or compilation phases through
which the `C' compilation system has to go in order that your file of `C'
program text can be converted working program.

Assuming that you are able to work an editor and can enter a script and create
a file. Please enter the following tiny program.

#ident "@(#) Hello World - my first program"

#include 

char *format = "%s",
     *hello = "Hello World...\n";

main()
{
  printf ( format, hello );
  }

Now save it in a file called hello.c. Lower case is allowed - encouraged, no
less - under the UNIX operating system.

Now type:

cc -o hello hello.c

The computer will apparently pause for a few moments and then the
Shell, or Command Line Interpreter prompt will re-appear.

Now type:

hello

Lo and behold the computer will print

Hello World...

Let's just look at what the computer did during the little pause.

The first action is to activate a preliminary process called the pre-processor.
In the case of hello.c all it does is to replace the line

#include 

with the file stdio.h from the include files library. The file stdio.h provides
us with a convenient way of telling the compiler that all the i/o functions
exist. There are a few other little things in stdio.h but they need not
concern us at this stage.

In order to see what the pre-processor actually outputs, you might like to
issue the command:

cc -P hello.c

The 'cc' command will activate the 'C' compilation system and the -P option
will stop the compilation process after the pre-processing stage, and another
file will have appeared in your directory. Have a look, find hello.i and use
the editor in view mode to have a look at it. So issue the command:

view hello.i

You will see that a number of lines of text have been added at the front of the
hello.c program. What's all this stuff? Well, have a look in the file called
/usr/include/stdio.h again using the view command.

view /usr/include/stdio.h

Look familiar?

Now the next stage of getting from your program text to an executing program is
the compilation of your text into an assembler code program. After all that is
what a compiler is for - to turn a high level language script into a program.
Lets see what happens by issuing the command

cc -S hello.c

Once again there is another file in your directory - this time with a .s
suffix.

Lets have a look at it in the same way as the .i file

view hello.s

You will doubtless notice a few recognizable symbols and what appears to be a
pile of gibberish. The gibberish is in fact the nmemonics for the machine
instructions which are going to make the computer do what you have programmed
it to do.

Now this assembler code has to be turned into machine instructions.
To do this issue the command.

cc -g -c hello.s

Now, yet again there is another file in your directory - this time the suffix
is ".o". This file is called the object file. It contains the machine
instructions corresponding exactly to the nmemonic codes in the .s file.
If you wish you can look at these machine codes using one of the commands
available to examine object files.

dis -L -t .data hello.o >hello.dis

The output from these commands won't be very meaningful to you at this stage,
the purpose of asking you to use them is merely to register in your mind the
fact that an object file is created as a result of the assembly process.

The next stage in the compilation process is called by a variety of names -
"loading", "linking", "link editing". What happens is that the machine
instructions in the object file ( .o ) are joined to many more instructions
selected from an enormous collection of functions in a library. This phase of
the compilation process is invoked by the command:-

cc -o hello hello.o

Now, at last, you have a program to execute! So make it do it's thing by
putting the name of the executable file as a response to the Shell or Command
Line Interpreter prompt.

hello

Presto, the output from your program appears on the screen.

Hello World...

You are now allowed to rejoice and have a nice warm fuzzy to hold!
You have successfully entered a `C' program, compiled it, linked it, and
finally, executed it!

Having gone through all the various stages of editing, pre-processing,
compiling, assembling, linking, and finally executing, by hand as it were, you
can now rest assured that all the stages are automated by the 'cc' command, and
you can forget how to invoke them! Just remember that the computer has to do
them in order for you to have a program to execute.

The single command you use to activate the C Compiler is:

cc -o hello hello.c

The word after the -o option is the name of the executable file, if you don't
provide a name here the compiler dreams up the name "a.out". The source file
MUST have the .c extension otherwise the compiler complains and stops working.

Notes:

   The command names used in the above text are those of standard UNIX,
   Your particular system may well use a different name for the 'C' compiler.
   bcc - for Borland 'C'.
   gcc - GNU 'C', which is standard on the Linux operating system.
   lc  - Lattice 'C', available on IBM and clone P.C.s as well as the Amiga.
   Check in the Documentation which came with your compiler.
   The same notions apply to the text editor.

Differences between 'C' and other languages.

In the years since 'C' was developed it has changed remarkable little.
This fact is a bouquet to the authors, who had the vision and understanding to
create a language which has endured so well. The strengths and weaknesses
should be pointed out here.

The big plus is that it is possible to do everything ( well at least 99.9% ) in
'C' while other languages compel you to write a procedure, subroutine or
function in assembler code.

'C' has very good facilities for creating tables of constant data within the
source file.

'C' doesn't do very much to protect you from yourself. This means that the
resulting code executes faster than most other high level languages, but a much
greater degree of both care and understanding is demanded from the programmer.

'C' is not a closely typed language, although the newer compilers are offering
type checking as part of the language itself as opposed to having to use a
separate program for mechanised debugging.

'C' is a small language with very few intrinsic operations.
All the heavy work is done by explicit library function calls.

'C' allows you to directly and conveniently access most of the internals of
the machine ( the memory, input output slots, and CPU registers ) from the
language without having to resort to assembler code.

'C' compilers have an optimisation phase which can be invoked if desired.
The output code can be optimised for either speed or memory usage. The code
will be just as good as that produced by an assembly code programmer of normal
skill - real guru programmers can do only slightly better.

Copyright notice:-

(c) 1993 Christopher Sawtell.

I assert the right to be known as the author, and owner of the
intellectual property rights of all the files in this material,
except for the quoted examples which have their individual
copyright notices. Permission is granted for onward copying,
but not modification, of this course and its use for personal
study only, provided all the copyright notices are left in the
text and are printed in full on any subsequent paper reproduction.

--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.30000755000076400001440000005737007055334454016470                                   Lesson 2

                                        Data Storage Concepts.

        It has been stated that "data + algorithms = programs".
        This Lesson deals with with the first part of the addition sum.

  All information in a computer is stored as numbers represented using the
binary number system. The information may be either program instructions or
data elements. The latter are further subdivided into several different types,
and stored in the computer's memory in different places as directed by the
storage class used when the datum element is defined.

These types are:

  a) The Character.

     This is a group of 8 data bits and in 'C' represents either
     a letter of the Roman alphabet, or a small integer in the range of 0
     through to +255. So to arrange for the compiler to give you a named
     memory area in which to place a single letter you would "say":

  char letter;

     at the beginning of a program block. You should be aware that
                 whether or not a char is signed or unsigned is dependant
                 on the design of the processor underlying your compiler.
                 In particular, note that both the PDP-11, and VAX-11 made by
                 Digital Equipment Corporation have automatic sign extention of
char.
                 This means that the range of char is from -128 through to +127
                 on these machines. Consult your hardware manual, there may be
                 other exceptions to the trend towards unsigned char as the
default.

                 This test program should clear things up for you.

/* ----------------------------------------- */

#ident "@(#) - Test char signed / unsigned.";

#include 

main()
{
        char a;
        unsigned char b;

        a = b = 128;
        a >>= 1;
        b >>= 1;
  printf ( "\nYour computer has %ssigned char.\n\n", a == b ? "un" : "" );
        }

/* ----------------------------------------- */

     Here ( Surprise! Surprise! ) is its output on a machine which has
                 unsigned chars.

Your computer has unsigned char.

    Cut this program out of the news file. Compile and execute it on
                your computer in order to find out if you have signed or
unsigned char.

  b) The Integers.

     As you might imagine this is the storage type in which to store whole
     numbers. There are two sizes of integer which are known as short and long.
     The actual number of bits used in both of these types is Implementation
     Dependent. This is the way the jargonauts say that it varies from computer
     to computer. Almost all machines with a word size larger than sixteen bits
                 have the the long int fitting exactly into a machine word and
a short int
     represented by the contents of half a word. It's done this way because
                 most machines have instructions which will perform arithmetic
efficiently
                 on both the complete machine word as well as the half-word.
For the
                 sixteen bit machines, the long integer is two machine words
long,
                 and the short integer is one.

  short int smaller_number;
  long int big_number;

     Either of the words short or long may be omitted as a default is
                 provided by the compiler. Check your compiler's documentation
to see
                 which default you have been given. Also you should be aware
that some
                 compilers allow the you to arrange for the integers declared
with just
                 the word "int" to be either short or long. The range for a
short int on
                 a small computer is -32768 through to +32767, and for a long
int
                 -4294967296 through to +4294967295.

  c) The Real Numbers.

     Sometimes known as floating point numbers this number representation
     allows us to store values such as 3.141593, or -56743.098. So, using
     possible examples from a ship design program you declare floats and
     doubles like this:

  float length_of_water_line;     /* in meters */
  double displacement;            /* in grammes */

     In the same way that the integer type offers two sizes so does the
     floating point representation. They are called float and double. Taking
     the values from the file /usr/include/values.h the ranges which can be
     represented by float and double are:

  MAXFLOAT      3.40282346638528860e+38
  MINFLOAT      1.40129846432481707e-45
  MAXDOUBLE     1.79769313486231470e+308
  MINDOUBLE     4.94065645841246544e-324

     However you should note that for practical purposes the maximum
                 number of significant digits that can be represented by a
float
                 is approximately six and that by a double is twelve. Also you
should
                 be aware that the above numbers are as defined by the IEEE
floating
                 point standard and that some older machines and compilers do
not
                 conform. All small machines bought retail will conform. If you
are
                 in doubt I suggest that refer to your machine's documentation
for
                 the whole and exact story!


  d) Signed and unsigned prefixes.

     For both the character and integer types the declaration can be
                 preceded by the word "unsigned". This shifts the range so that
0
                 is the minimum, and the maximum is twice that of the signed
data
                 type in question. It's useful if you know that it is
impossible
                 for the number to go negative. Also if the word in memory is
going
                 to be used as a bit pattern or a mask and not a number the use
of
                 unsigned is strongly urged. If it is possible for the sign bit
in
                 the bit pattern to be set and the program calls for the bit
pattern
                 to be shifted to the right, then you should be aware that the
sign
                 bit will be extended if the variable is not declared unsigned.
                 The default for the "int" types is always "signed", and, as
discussed
                 above that of the "char" is machine dependent.

  This completes the discussion on the allocation of data types, except to
  say that we can, of course, allocate arrays of the simple types simply by
  adding a pair of square brackets enclosing a number which is the size of
  the array after the variable's name:

  char client_surname[31];

  This declaration reserves storage for a string of 30 characters plus the
  NULL character of value zero which terminates the string.

  Structures.

         Data elements which are logically connected, for example - to use the
         example alluded to above - the dimensions and other details about a
sea
         going ship, can be collected together as a single data unit called a
         struct. One possible way of laying out the struct in the source code
is:

struct ship          /* The word "ship" is known as the structure's "tag". */
{
  char name[30];
  double displacement;                           /* in grammes */
  float length_of_water_line;                    /* in meters */
  unsigned short int number_of_passengers;
  unsigned short int number_of_crew;
  };

     Note very well that the above fragment of program text does NOT
                 allocate any storage, it merely provides a named template to
the
                 compiler so that it knows how much storage is needed for the
                 structure. The actual allocation of memory is done either like
this:

struct ship cunarder;

                 Or by putting the name of the struct variable between the "}"
and
                 the ";" on the last line of the definition. Personally I don't
                 use this method as I find that the letters of the name tend to
get
                 "lost" in the - shall we say - amorphous mass of characters
which
                 make up the definition itself.

     The individual members of the struct can have values assigned to
                 them in this fashion:

  cunarder.displacement = 97500000000.0;
  cunarder.length_of_water_line = 750.0
  cunarder.number_of_passengers = 3575;
  cunarder.number_of_crew = 4592;

     These are a couple of files called demo1.c & demo1a.c which contain
                 small 'C' programs for you to compile. So, please cut them out
of the
                 news posting file and do so.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
#ident demo1.c  /* If your compiler complains about this line, chop it out */
#include 

struct ship
{
  char name[31];
  double displacement;                              /* in grammes */
  float length_of_water_line;                       /* in meters */
  unsigned short int number_of_passengers;
  unsigned short int number_of_crew;
  };

char *format = "\
Name of Vessel: %-30s\n\
  Displacement: %13.3f\n\
    Water Line: %5.1f\n\
    Passengers: %4d\n\
          Crew: %4d\n\n";

main()
{
  struct ship cunarder;

  cunarder.name = "Queen Mary";                  /* This is the bad line. */
  cunarder.displacement = 97500000000.0;
  cunarder.length_of_water_line = 750.0
  cunarder.number_of_passengers = 3575;
  cunarder.number_of_crew = 4592;

  printf ( format,
           cunarder.name,
                 cunarder.displacement,
           cunarder.length_of_water_line,
           cunarder.number_of_passengers,
           cunarder.number_of_crew
           );
  }

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                 Why is the compiler complaining at line 21?
     Well C is a small language and doesn't have the ability to allocate
     strings to variables within the program text at run-time. This
                 program shows the the correct way to copy the string "Queen
Mary",
                 using a library routine, into the structure.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
#ident demo1a.c  /* If your compiler complains about this line, chop it out */
#include 

/*
** This is the template which is used by the compiler so that
** it 'knows' how to put your data into a named area of memory.
*/

struct ship
{
  char name[31];
  double displacement;                              /* in grammes */
  float length_of_water_line;                       /* in meters */
  unsigned short int number_of_passengers;
  unsigned short int number_of_crew;
  };

/*
** This character string tells the printf() function how it is to output
** the data onto the screen. Note the use of the \ character at the end
** of each line. It is the 'continue the string on the next line' flag
** or escape character. It MUST be the last character on the line.
** This technique allows you to produce nicely formatted reports with all the
** ':' characters under each other, without having to count the characters
** in each character field.
*/

char *format = "\n\
Name of Vessel: %-30s\n\
  Displacement: %13.1f grammes\n\
    Water Line: %5.1f metres\n\
    Passengers: %4d\n\
          Crew: %4d\n\n";

main()
{
  struct ship cunarder;

  strcpy ( cunarder.name, "Queen Mary" );           /* The corrected line */
  cunarder.displacement = 97500000000.0;
  cunarder.length_of_water_line = 750.0;
  cunarder.number_of_passengers = 3575;
  cunarder.number_of_crew = 4592;

  printf ( format,
           cunarder.name,
                                 cunarder.displacement,
           cunarder.length_of_water_line,
           cunarder.number_of_passengers,
           cunarder.number_of_crew
                                 );
  }

----------------------------------------------------------------------

     I'd like to suggest that you compile the program demo1a.c and execute it.

$ cc demo1a.c
$ a.out

Name of Vessel: Queen Mary
  Displacement: 97500000000.0 grammes
    Water Line: 750.0 metres
    Passengers: 3575
          Crew: 4592

     Which is the output of our totally trivial program to demonstrate
     the use of structures.

  Tip:

     To avoid muddles in your mind and gross confusion in other minds
     remember that you should ALWAYS declare a variable using a name which is
     long enough to make it ABSOLUTELY obvious what you are talking about.

        Storage Classes.

        The little dissertation above about the storage of variables was
        concerned with the sizes of the various types of data. There is
        just the little matter of the position in memory of the variables'
        storage.

        'C' has been designed to maximise the the use of memory by allowing you
        to re-cycle it automatically when you have finished with it.
        A variable defined in this way is known as an 'automatic' one. Although
        this is the default behaviour you are allowed to put the word 'auto' in
        front of the word which states the variable's type in the definition.
        It is quite a good idea to use this so that you can remind yourself
        that this variable is, in fact, an automatic one. There are three other
        storage allocation methods, 'static' and 'register', and 'const'.
        The 'static' method places the variable in main storage for the whole
        of the time your program is executing. In other words it kills the
        're-cycling' mechanism. This also means that the value stored there
        is also available all the time. The 'register' method is very machine
        and implementation dependent, and also perhaps somewhat archaic in
        that the optimiser phase of the compilation process does it all for
        you. For the sake of completeness I'll explain. Computers have a small
        number of places to store numbers which can be accessed very quickly.
        These places are called the registers of the Central Processing Unit.
        The 'register' variables are placed in these machine registers instead
of
        stack or main memory. For program segments which are tiny loops the
speed
        at which your program executes can be enhanced quite remarkably.
        The optimiser compilation phase places as many of your variables into
        registers as it can. However no machine can decide which of the
variables
        should be placed in a register, and which may be left in memory, so if
        your program has many variables and two or three should be register
ones
        then you should specify which ones the compiler.

        All this is dealt with at much greater detail later in the course.

        Pointers.

        'C' has the very useful ability to set up pointers. These are memory
        cells which contain the address of a data element. The variable name is
        preceeded by a '*' character. So, to reserve an element of type char
and
  a pointer to an element of type char, one would say.

char c;
char *ch_p;

  I always put the suffix '_p' on the end of all pointer variables
        simply so that I can easily remember that they are in fact pointers.

        There is also the companion unary operator '&' which yields the
        address of the variable. So to initialize our pointer ch_p to point
        at the char c, we have to say.

  ch_p = &c;

  Note very well that the process of indirection can procede to any
        desired depth, However it is difficult for the puny brain of a normal
        human to conceptualize and remember more that three levels! So be
careful
        to provide a very detailed and precise commentry in your program if
        you put more than two or three stars.


  Getting data in and out of your programs.

        As mentioned before 'C' is a small language and there are no intrinsic
        operators to either convert between binary numbers and ascii
        characters or to transfer information to and fro between the
        computer's memory and the peripheral equipment, such as terminals or
        disk stores.

        This is all done using the i/o functions declared in the file stdio.h
        which you should have examined earlier. Right now we are going to look
        at the functions "printf" and "scanf". These two functions together
        with their derivatives, perform i/o to the stdin and stdout files,
        i/o to nominated files, and internal format conversions. This means
        the conversion of data from ascii character strings to binary numbers
        and vice versa completely within the computer's memory. It's more
        efficient to set up a line of print inside memory and then to send the
        whole line to the printer, terminal, or whatever, instead of
        "squirting" the letters out in dribs and drabs!

        Study of them will give you understanding of a very convenient way to
        talk to the "outside world".

        So, remembering that one of the most important things you learn in
        computing is "where to look it up", lets do just that.
        If you are using a computer which has the unix operating system,
        find your copy of the "Programmer Reference Manual" and turn to the
        page printf(3S), alternatively, if your computer is using some other
        operating system, then refer to the section of the documentation which
        describes the functions in the program library.

        You will see something like this:-

        NAME
                                printf, fprintf, sprintf - print formatted
output.

        SYNOPSIS
                                #include 

                                int printf ( format [ , arg ] ... )
                                char *format;

                                int fprintf ( stream, format [ , arg ] ... )
                                FILE *stream;
                                char *format;

                                int sprintf ( s, format [ , arg ] ... )
                                char *s, *format;

        DESCRIPTION

                                etc... etc...

        The NAME section above is obvious isn't it?

        The SYNOPSIS starts with the line #include . This tells
        you that you MUST put this #include line in your 'C' source code
        before you mention any of the routines. The rest of the paragraph
        tells you how to call the routines. The " [ , arg ] ... " heiroglyph
        in effect says that you may have as many arguments here as you wish,
        but that you need not have any at all.

  The DESCRIPTION explains how to use the functions.

        Important Point to Note:

        Far too many people ( including the author ) ignore the fact that
        the printf family of functions return a useful number which can be
        used to check that the conversion has been done correctly, and that
        the i/o operation has been completed without error.

  Refer to the format string in the demonstration program above for
        an example of a fairly sophisticated formatting string.

  In order to fix the concepts of printf in you mind, you
        might care to write a program which prints some text in three ways:

a) Justified to the left of the page. ( Normal printing. )
b) Justified to the right of the page.
c) Centred exactly in the middle of the page.

        Suggestions and Hint.

        Set up a data area of text using the first verse of "Quangle" as data.
        Here is the program fragment for the data:-

/* ----------------------------------------- */

char *verse[] =
{
  "On top of the Crumpetty Tree",
  "The Quangle Wangle sat,",
  "But his face you could not see,",
  "On account of his Beaver Hat.",
  "For his Hat was a hundred and two feet wide.",
  "With ribbons and bibbons on every side,",
  "And bells, and buttons, and loops, and lace,",
  "So that nobody ever could see the face",
  "Of the Quangle Wangle Quee.",
  NULL
  };

/* ----------------------------------------- */

  Cut it out of the news file and use it in a 'C' program file called
        verse.c

        Now write a main() function which uses printf alone for (a) & (b)
        You can use both printf() and sprintf() in order to create
        a solution for (c) which makes a good use of the capabilities
        of the printf family. The big hint is that the string controlling
        the format of the printing can change dynamically as program execution
        proceeds. A possible solution is presented in the file verse.c which is
        appended here. I'd like to suggest that you have a good try at making
        a program of you own before looking at my solution.
        ( One of many I'm sure )

/* ----------------------------------------- */

#include 

char *verse[] =
{
  "On top of the Crumpetty Tree",
  "The Quangle Wangle sat,",
  "But his face you could not see,",
  "On account of his Beaver Hat.",
  "For his Hat was a hundred and two feet wide.",
  "With ribbons and bibbons on every side,",
  "And bells, and buttons, and loops, and lace,",
  "So that nobody ever could see the face",
  "Of the Quangle Wangle Quee.",
  NULL
  };

main()
{
        char **ch_pp;

        /*
        ** This will print the data left justified.
        */

        for ( ch_pp = verse; *ch_pp; ch_pp++ ) printf ( "%s\n", *ch_pp );
        printf( "\n" );

        /*
        ** This will print the data right justified.
        **
        **  ( As this will print a character in column 80 of
        **    the terminal you should make sure any terminal setting
        **    which automatically inserts a new line is turned off. )
        */

        for ( ch_pp = verse; *ch_pp; ch_pp++ ) printf ( "%79s\n", *ch_pp );
        printf( "\n" );

        /*
        ** This will centre the data.
        */

        for ( ch_pp = verse; *ch_pp; ch_pp++ )
        {
                int length;
                char format[10];

                length = 40 + strlen ( *ch_pp ) / 2;      /* Calculate the
field length  */
                sprintf ( format, "%%%ds\n", length );    /* Make a format
string.       */
                printf ( format, *ch_pp );                /* Print line of
verse, using  */
                }                                         /* generated format
string     */
        printf( "\n" );
        }

/* ----------------------------------------- */

  If you cheated and looked at my example before even attempting
        to have a go, you must pay the penalty and explain fully why
        there are THREE "%" signs in the line which starts with a call
        to the sprintf function. It's a good idea to do this anyway!


  So much for printf(). Lets examine it's functional opposite - scanf(),

        Scanf is the family of functions used to input from the outside world
        and to perform internal format conversions from character strings to
        binary numbers. Refer to the entry scanf(3S) in the Programmer
        Reference Manual. ( Just a few pages further on from printf. )

  The "Important Point to Note" for the scanf family is that the
        arguments to the function are all POINTERS. The format string has to
        be passed in to the function using a pointer, simply because this
        is the way 'C' passes strings, and as the function itself has to store
        its results into your program it ( the scanf function ) has to "know"
        where you want it to put them.

Copyright notice:-

(c) 1993 Christopher Sawtell.

I assert the right to be known as the author, and owner of the
intellectual property rights of all the files in this material,
except for the quoted examples which have their individual
copyright notices. Permission is granted for onward copying,
but not modification, of this course and its use for personal
study only, provided all the copyright notices are left in the
text and are printed in full on any subsequent paper reproduction.

--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.40000755000076400001440000002504107055334456016461                                     Lesson 3

                               Arrays and Pointers.

   You can allocate space for an array of elements at compile time with fixed
   dimension sizes of any data type, even functions and structs.
   So these are legal array definitions:

  char name[30];                   /* An array of 30 signed characters. */
  char *strings[50];               /* 50 pointers to strings. */
  unsigned long int *(*func)()[20];/* An array of pointers to functions which
*/
                                   /* return pointers to unsigned long ints. */

   You can declare a pointer to point at any type of data element, and as in
   the array situation above functions and structs are included.

struct ship
{
  char name[30];
  double displacement;                           /* in grammes */
  float length_of_water_line;                    /* in meters */
  unsigned short int number_of_passengers;
  unsigned short int number_of_crew;
  };

   So using the ship concept from Lesson 2 you can declare a pointer to point
   at one of the ship structs in an array.

struct ship *vessel_p;

   Note the use of the suffix "_p".
   This is my way of reminding myself that the variable is a pointer.

struct ship fleet[5];     /* This allocates enough storage for 5 ships' info.
*/

   Now lets set the pointer to point at the first vessel in the fleet.

  vessel_p = fleet;

   This pointer can be made to point at other ships in the fleet by
   incrementing it or doing additive arithmetic on it:

  vessel_p++;             /* point a the next ship in the fleet array. */
  vessel_p = fleet + 3;

   Also we can find out the index of the ship in the fleet at which we are
   pointing:

  i = vessel_p - fleet;

   It is also legal to find out the separation of two pointers pointing at
   elements in an array:

  d = vessel_p - another_vessel_p; /* This gives the separation in elements. */

   So summarising, pointers may be, incremented, decremented, and subtracted
   one from another or have a constant subtracted from them. Any other
   mathematical operation is meaningless and not allowed.

   Assembler programmers should note that while the pointer variables contain a
   byte machine address, when the arithmetic is done using pointers the
compiler
   also issues either a multiply or a divide as well as the add or subtract
   instruction so that the result is ALWAYS expressed in elements rather than
   bytes. Have a go and write yourself a trivial little program, and have a
   look at the compiler ouput code. Lesson 1 told you how!

   When using a pointer to reference a structure we have to use a "pointer
   offset" operator in order to access the member of the struct we require:

  vessel_p = fleet;

  vessel_p->name = "Queen Mary";
  vessel_p->displacement = 97500000000.0;
  vessel_p->length_of_water_line = 750.0
  vessel_p->number_of_passengers = 3575;
  vessel_p->number_of_crew = 4592;

   Remember:

       It's a "." when accessing a struct which is in storage declared in
       the program.

       It's a "->" when accessing a struct at which a pointer is pointing.

  Initialisation of arrays.

   'C' has the facility to initialise variables in a program script.

   Some examples:

  char *qbf = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs back";

  int tic_tac_toe[3][3] =
  {
    { 1, 2, 3 },
    { 4, 5, 6 },
    { 7, 8, 9 }
    };

  struct ship fleet[2] =
  {
    { "Queen Elizabeth",  97500000000.0, 750.0, 3575, 4592 },
    {      "Queen Mary", 115000000000.0, 875.0, 4500, 5500 }
    };

   Take a careful note of where the commas and semi-colons go ( and don't go )!

   Initialised Tables of Indeterminate Length.

   One nice feature 'C' offers is that it is able to calculate
   the amount of storage required for a table by 'looking' at the number
   of initialisers.

char *verse[] =
{
  "On top of the Crumpetty Tree",
  "The Quangle Wangle sat,",
  "But his face you could not see,",
  "On account of his Beaver Hat.",
  "For his Hat was a hundred and two feet wide.",
  "With ribbons and bibbons on every side,",
  "And bells, and buttons, and loops, and lace,",
  "So that nobody ever could see the face",
  "Of the Quangle Wangle Quee."
  NULL
  };

   Note the * character in the definition line. This means that we are going
   to make an array of pointers to variables of type char. As there is no
   number between the [ ] characters the compiler calculates it for us.
   With this kind of set-up it is nice and easy to add extra information
   to the table as program development proceeds. The compiler will calculate
   the new dimension for you. The point to remember is that the program has to
   know - from the contents of the table - that it has come to the end of the
   table! So you have to make a special entry which CANNOT under any
   circumstances be a real data element. We usually use NULL for this.
   The other way is to calculate the size of the table by using the sizeof
         operator - Note that although use of sizeof looks like a function call
         it is in fact an intrinsic operator of the language. The result is
         available at compile time. So one can say:-

        #define SIZE_OF_VERSE sizeof verse

   There is one final initialised data type, the enum. It is a fairly recent
   addition to the language.

  enum spectrum { red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet } colour;

   In this construct the first symbol is given the value of 0 and for each
   following symbol the value is incremented. It is however possible to assign
   specific values to the symbols like this:

  enum tub
  { anorexic = 65,
    slim = 70,
    normal = 80,
    fat = 95,
    obese = 135
    };

   Some compilers are bright enough to detect that it is an error if an
   attempt is made to assign a value to an enum variable which is not in
   the list of symbols, on the other hand many are not. Take care! In
   practice there is little difference between the enum language construct
   and a number of define statements except perhaps aesthetics. Here is
   another trivial program which demonstrates the use of enum and a
   pre-initialised array.

#include 

enum spectrum { red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet } colour;

char *rainbow[] = { "red", "orange", "yellow", "green",
                    "blue", "indigo", "violet" };

main()
{
  for ( colour = red; colour <= violet; colour++ )
  {
    printf ( "%s ", rainbow[colour]);
    }
  printf ( "\n" );
  }

   The output of which is ( not surprisingly ):

red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

   One quite advanced use of initialised arrays and pointers is the jump or
   dispatch table. This is a efficient use of pointers and provides a very much
   better ( In my opinion ) method of controlling program flow than a maze
   of case or ( heaven forbid ) if ( ... ) goto statements.

   Please cut out this program, read and compile it.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------

char *ident = "@(#) tellme.c - An example of using a pointer to a function.";

#include 
#include 
#include 

/*
These declarations are not in fact needed as they are all declared extern in
math.h. However if you were to use routines which are not in a library and
therefore not declared in a '.h' file you should declare them. Remember you
MUST declare external routines which return a type other than the int type.

extern double  sin ();
extern double  cos ();
extern double  tan ();
extern double atof ();
*/

struct table_entry
{
  char *name;                        /* The address of the character string. */
  double (*function)();   /* The address of the entry point of the function. */
  };

typedef struct table_entry TABLE;

double help ( tp )
TABLE *tp;
{ printf ( "Choose one of these functions:- " );
  fflush ( stdout );
  for ( ; tp -> name; tp++ ) printf ( "%s ", tp -> name );
  printf ( "\nRemember the input is expressed in Radians\n" );
  exit ( 0 );
  return ( 0.0 );  /* Needed to keep some nit-picking dumb compilers happy! */
  }

/*
 * This is the array of pointers to the strings and function entry points.
 * Is is initialised at linking time. You may add as many functions as you
 * like in here PROVIDED you declare them to be extern, either in some .h
 * file or explicitly.
 */

TABLE interpretation_table [ ] =
{
  { "sin",  sin  },
  { "tan",  tan  },
  { "cos",  cos  },
  { "help", help },
  {  NULL,  NULL }               /* To flag the end of the table. */
  };

char *output_format = { "\n %s %s = %g\n" };
extern int errno;
extern void perror();

main( argc, argv )
int argc;
char **argv;
{
  TABLE *tp;
  double x, answer;

  if ( argc > 3 )
  {
    errno = E2BIG;
    perror ( "tellme" );
    exit ( -1 );
    }

  for (;;)                  /* This is the way to set up a continuous loop. */
  {
    for ( tp = interpretation_table;
          ( tp -> name && strcmp ( tp -> name, argv[1] ));
          tp++
    )  ;                      /* Note use of empty for loop to position tp. */

    if ( tp -> function == help ) (*tp -> function )( interpretation_table );
    if ( tp -> name == NULL )
    {
      printf ( "Function %s not implemented yet\n", argv[1] );
      exit ( 1 );
      }
    break;                     /* Leave the loop. */
    }

  x = atof ( argv[2] );        /* Convert the character string to a double. */
  answer = ( *tp -> function )( x );/* Execute the desired function.        */
  printf ( output_format,      /* Pointer to printf()'s format string.      */
           argv[1],            /* Pointer to the name of the function.      */
           argv[2],            /* Pointer to the input number ascii string. */
           answer              /* Value ( in double floating point binary ) */
           );
  }

Copyright notice:-

(c) 1993 Christopher Sawtell.

I assert the right to be known as the author, and owner of the
intellectual property rights of all the files in this material,
except for the quoted examples which have their individual
copyright notices. Permission is granted for onward copying,
but not modification, of this course and its use for personal
study only, provided all the copyright notices are left in the
text and are printed in full on any subsequent paper reproduction.

--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.50000755000076400001440000002435607055334461016466 
Lesson 4.

                                                                         The
operators of the language.

        I have mentioned that 'C' is a small language with most of the heavy
work
being done by explicit calls to library functions. There is however a rich
mix of intrinsic operators which allow you to perform bit level operations,
use pointers, and perform immediate operations on varables. In other words,
most of a machine's instruction set is able to be used in the object program.
At the time when 'C' was designed and first written these were unique for
a high level language.

  Lets start with a discussion about precedence.

        This really means that the compiler puts invisable parentheses into
your expression. Casting your mind back to Arithmetic in the primary school
I expect you remember the nmemonic "My Dear Aunt Sally". The 'C' language
does as well! So the following expression is correct

        15 + 4 * 11 = 59

        The compiler has rendered the expression as:

        15 + ( 4 * 11 ) = 59

        Now the 'C' language has a much larger collection of operators than
just
Multiply Divide Add Subtract, in fact much too big to try to remember the
precedence of all of them. So my recomendation is to ALWAYS put in the
parentheses, except for simple arithmetic. However, for the sake of
completeness as much as anything else, here is the list.

        First up come what are called the primary-expression operators:

                ()    Function.
                []    Array.
                .     struct member ( variable ).
                ->    struct member ( pointer ).

         The unary operators:

                *     Indirection via a Pointer.
                &     Address of Variable.
                -     Arithmetic Negative.
                !     Logical Negation or Not.
                ~     Bit-wise One's Complement.
                ++    Increment.
                --    Decrement.
                sizeof  Which is self explanitary.

        Now the binary operators:

   Arithmetic Operators.

                *     Multiply.                                       My
                /     Divide.                                         Dear
                %     Modulo, or Remainder of Integer Division.
                +     Addition.                                       Aunt
                -     Subtraction.                                    Sally

         The Shifting Operators.

                >>    Bit-wise Shift to the Right.
                <<    Bit-wise Shift to the Left.

   Logical Relation Operators.

                <     Less Than.
                >     Greater Than.
                <=    Less Than or Equal.
                >=    Greater Than or Equal.
                ==    Equal.
                !=    Not Equal.

         Bit-wise Boolean Operators.

                &     Bit-wise And.
                ^     Bit-wise Exclusive-or.
                |     Bit-wise Or.

         The Logical Operators.

                &&    Logical And.
                ||    Logical Or.

   The Assignment Operators. ( They all have the same priority. )

                =     The normal assignment operator.

         The Self-referencing Assignment Operators.

                +=
                -=
                *=
                /=
                %=
                >>=
                <<=
                &=
    ^=
                |=

  Some explanation is in order here. The machine instructions in your
computer include a suit of what are called "immediate operand" instructions.
These instructions have one of the operands in a register and the other
is either part of the instruction word itself ( if it is numerically small
enough to fit ) or is the next word in the address space "immediately" after
the instruction code word. 'C' makes efficient use of this machine feature
by providing the above set of operations each of which translates directly
to its corresponding machine instruction. When the variable in question is a
'register' one, or the optimiser is in use, the compiler output is just
the one "immediate" machine instruction. Efficiency Personified!!!

        These two lines will make things clearer.

        a = 8;
        a += 2;     /* The result is 10 */

        The exclusive-or operation is very useful you can toggle any
combination
of bits in the variable using it.

        a = 7;
        a ^= 2;    /* Now a is 5 */
        a ^= 2;    /*  and back to 7. */

        Naturally, you can use the other operations in exactly the same way,
I'd like to suggest that you make a utterly simplistic little program
and have a look at the assembler code output of the compiler. Don't be
afraid of the assembler codes - they don't bite - and you will see
what I was on about in the paragraph above.

        Historical Note and a couple of Cautions.

        In the Oldend Days when 'C' was first written all the self-referencing
operations had the equals symbol and the operand around the other way.
Until quite recently ( unix system V release 3.0 ) the 'C' compiler had a
compatability mode and could cope with the old style syntax.

        A sample or test program is probably in order here.

/* ----------------------------------------- */

#include 

char *mes[] =
{
        "Your compiler",
        " understands",
        " does not understand",
        " the old-fashioned self-referencing style."
        };

main()
{
        int a;

        a = 5;
        a=-2;
        printf ( "%s %s %s\n", mes [ 0 ], mes [ ( a == -2 ) ? 2 : 1 ], mes [ 3
] );
        }

/* ----------------------------------------- */

        The 'C' compiler issued with unix System V release 3.2 seems to have
( thankfully ) dropped the compatability mode. However a collegue, who
was using an old compiler, and I spent hours trying to find this strange bug!
The cure for the problem is either to put spaces on either side of the '=' sign
or to bracket the unary minus to the operand.

        a=(-2);
        a = -2;

Either is acceptable, and might save you a lot of spleen if sombody tries
to install your work of art program on an ancient machine.

  The other caution is the use of the shifting instructions with signed
and unsigned integers.

        If you shift a signed integer to the right when the sign bit is set
then in all probability the sign will be extended. Once again a little
demo program. Please cut it out of the news file with your editor
and play with it.

/* ----------------------------------------- */

#ident "#(@) shifts.c - Signed / Unsigned integer shifting demo."
#include 

#define WORD_SIZE ( sizeof ( INTEGER int ) * 8 )
#define NIBBLE_SIZE 4
#define NIBBLES_IN_WORD (( WORD_SIZE ) / NIBBLE_SIZE )
#define SIGN_BIT ( 1 << ( WORD_SIZE - 1 ))

char *title[] =
{ "       Signed             Unsigned",
        "                 Signed                                 Unsigned"
        };

main ()
{
        INTEGER int a;
        unsigned INTEGER int b, mask;
        int ab, i, j, bit_counter, line_counter;

        a = b = SIGN_BIT;
        printf ( "%s\n\n", title [ ( WORD_SIZE == 16 ) ? 0 : 1 ] );

        for ( line_counter = 0; line_counter < WORD_SIZE; line_counter++ )
        {
                for ( ab = 0; ab < 2; ab++ )
                {
                        mask = SIGN_BIT;
                        for ( i = 0; i < NIBBLES_IN_WORD; i++ )
                        {
                                for ( j = 0; j < NIBBLE_SIZE; j++ )
                                {
                                        printf ( "%c", ((( ab ) ? b : a ) &
mask ) ? '1' : '0' );
                                        mask >>= 1;
                                        }
                                printf ( " " );
                                }
                        printf ( "%s", ( ab ) ? "\n" : " " );
                        if ( ab )
                        {
                          b >>= 1;
                                }
                        else
                        {
                                a >>= 1;
#if defined(FIX_COMPILER_BUG)
# if (INTEGER == long)
                                a |= SIGN_BIT;    /* This is a work-around for
the 3b2 compiler bug. */
# endif
#endif
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

/* ----------------------------------------- */

  This little program might well produce some interesting surprises on
your machine in the same way it did on mine. I have an AT&T 3b2/400 and
use the K & R style compiler. Interestingly, the above program did what
I expected it to do when the integers were short, the sign bit is extended,
but when the integers are long the sign bit is NOT extended. In this case
the different behaviour is caused by the compiler always issuing a Logical
Shift instruction, when it should issue a Arithmetic Shift instruction for
signed integers and a Logical Shift instructon for unsigned ones. In the
case of the short int the varable is loaded from memory into the register
with a sign extend load instruction, this makes the Logical Shift instruction
right work correctly for short ints, but not for longs.  I had to examine
the assember codes output by the compiler in order to discover this.

  Here are the compiler invocation lines.

cc -olong.shifts -DFIX_COMPILER_BUG -DINTEGER=long shifts.c

        and

cc -oshort.shifts -DINTEGER=short shifts.c

        Experiment with the "-DFIX_COMPILER_BUG" and see what your compiler
does.

Copyright notice:-

(c) 1993 Christopher Sawtell.

I assert the right to be known as the author, and owner of the
intellectual property rights of all the files in this material,
except for the quoted examples which have their individual
copyright notices. Permission is granted for onward copying,
but not modification, of this course and its use for personal
study only, provided all the copyright notices are left in the
text and are printed in full on any subsequent paper reproduction.

--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.60000755000076400001440000002670307055334464016470 
                                 Lesson 5.

                      The Pre-processor and Header Files.

The pre-processor is activated by a '#' character in column one of the source
code. There are several statements vis:

#include

#define
#undef

#if
#else
#endif

#ifdef
#ifndef

#pragma

  #include.

  In the programming examples presented in the previous lessons you will
probably have noticed that there is this statement:

#include 

right at the start of the program text. This statement tells the pre-processor
to include the named file in the your program text. As far as the compiler is
concerned this text appears just as if you had typed it yourself!

  This is one of the more useful facilities provided by the 'C' language.
The #include statement is frequently combined with the #if construct.
In this program fragment the file "true.h" is included in your program
if the pre-processor symbol FLAG is true, and "false.h" included if FLAG
is false.

#if ( FLAG )
# include "true.h"
#else
# include "false.h"
#endif

This mechanism has many uses, one of which is to provide
portability between all the 57,000 slightly different versions of unix and also
other operating systems. Another use is to be able to alter the way in which
your program behaves according to the preference of the user.

Of course, you will be asking the question "Where is the file stored?".
Well, if the filename is delimited by the "<" and ">" characters as in the
example above the file comes from the /usr/include directory, but if the name
of the file is delimited by quotes then the file is to be found in your current
working directory. (This is not quite the whole truth as 'C' compilers allow
you to extend the search path for the include files using command line option
switches. - See your compiler manual for the whole story. )

So, I would like to suggest that you to have a look around the /usr/include
directory and its /sys sub-directory. You should use either your editor
in 'view' mode or the pg utility. This will ensure that you can't have an
accident and alter one of the files by mistake if you are slightly silly
and just happen to be logged on as the super-user.

A typical file to examine is usr/include/time.h.

It's quite small so here it is.

/*  Copyright (c) 1984 AT&T  */
/*    All Rights Reserved    */

/*  THIS IS UNPUBLISHED PROPRIETARY SOURCE CODE OF AT&T  */
/*  The copyright notice above does not evidence any     */
/*  actual or intended publication of such source code.  */

#ident  "@(#)/usr/include/time.h.sl 1.5 4.2 04/20/87 18195 AT&T-SF"
/*  3.0 SID #  1.2  */
struct  tm {  /* see ctime(3) */
  int  tm_sec;
  int  tm_min;
  int  tm_hour;
  int  tm_mday;
  int  tm_mon;
  int  tm_year;
  int  tm_wday;
  int  tm_yday;
  int  tm_isdst;
};
extern struct tm *gmtime(), *localtime();
extern char *ctime(), *asctime();
int  cftime(),  ascftime();
extern void tzset();
extern long timezone, altzone;
extern int daylight;
extern char *tzname[];

  As you can see ( forgetting about the comments and #ident ) there are three
different uses for the file.

  a) The definition of data structures and types.
  b) The declaration of functions which use the data structures.
  c) The declaration of of external data objects.

  These lines of code are all you need in your program in order to be able to
use, in this case, the library routine to access the clock in the computer,
but of course the paradigm applies to all programs which are created by one
programmer and used by another member of the programming team.  Note that, by
proxy, or whatever, the author of the library routines has in effect become
a member of your programming team.

  You might care to write a program or two which use this header file,
and for those who are motivated it might be an idea to re-implement localtime
so that it understands Summer Time in the Southern Hemisphere. (!)

Using another totally trivial example in order to get the idea across please
examine the hello world program printed immediately below.

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */

#ident "@(#) hw_uc.h UPPER CASE version."

#define HELLO_MESSAGE "HELLO WORLD...\n";

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */

#ident "@(#) Hello World"

#include 
#include HW_H

#if !defined( HELLO_MESSAGE )
# error "You have forgotten to define the header file name."
#endif

char *format = "%s",
     *hello = HELLO_MESSAGE;

main()
{
  printf ( format, hello );
  }

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */

You will no doubt notice that the symbol HW_H is used instead of a header file
name. This gives us the ability to force the inclusion of any file we wish by
defining the symbol HW_H to be the desired file name. It can be done like this:

cc -DHW_H="\"hw_uc.h\"" hello.c

The compiler output is placed, by default, in the file a.out, so to execute it
issue the command:

a.out

Which, fairly obviously, produces the output:

HELLO WORLD...

As we are going to generate another version of the program we had better move
the executable image file to another file name:

mv a.out hello_uc

Now to produce the other version issue the command line:

cc -DHW_H="\"hw_lc.h\"" hello.c; mv a.out hello_lc; hello_lc

Which compiles the other version of the hello.c program, using this version of
the include file:

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
#ident "@(#) hw_lc.h Lower Case version."

#define HELLO_MESSAGE "Hello World...\n";
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */

and then moves the executable image to a different file and executes it.
Note that more than one command per line can be issued to the shell by
separating the commands with the ';' delimiting character.
Here - Surprise, Surprise - is the output of the second version.

Hello World...

I'd like to suggest that you use your editor to cut these example programs
and the shell file below out of the mail file and have a play with them.

/* ----------------------------------------- */

# @(#) Shell file to do the compilations.

cc -o hello_uc -DHW_H="\"hw_uc.h\"" hello.c
cc -o hello_lc -DHW_H="\"hw_lc.h\"" hello.c

/* ----------------------------------------- */


#define

  This statement allows you to set up macro definitions. The word immediately
after the #define, together with its arguments, is expanded in the program
text to the whole of the rest of the line.

#define min(a, b) ((a
#define min(a, b) ((a so you have to put
it in your program text. Once more an example to make it all clear.


/* ----------------------------------------- */

#ident "@(#) qsort-demo.c"

#include 
#include 
#include 

extern void qsort ();
extern int strcmp();        /* Some compilers need this defined, most don't. */

char names[22][25] =                         /* Here are some names to sort. */
{
  "John Nagle", "Colin Douthwaite", "Ian Lance Taylor", "Brian J. Murrell",
  "Pete", "Geoff Mccaughan", "David Liebert", "Operator", "Bill Baucum",
  "Victor Volkman", "Chay R Harley", "Dan Romanchik", "Larry Kollar",
  "Gaston Ormazabal", "Arijit Chandra", "Kenneth Mark Hopkinson",
  "Kerr Hatrick", "Tim Love", "Robert M. Juranitch", "Jeffrey Micke",
  "Duong Quoc", "Jagadesh Vasudevamurthy"
        };

#define NUMBER_OF_NAMES sizeof ( names ) / sizeof ( names[0] )

main()
{
  int i;

        /*
        ** Print the unsorted names.
        */

        printf ( "The Unsorted Names.\n" );
  for ( i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_NAMES; i++ ) printf ( "%s\n", names[i] );

        /*
        ** Print a prompt, and wait.
        */

        printf ( "Press RETURN to continue: " );
        fflush ( stdout );
        getchar();

        /*
        ** Now apply qsort to the arrary of character strings.
        */

        qsort (( char * ) names, NUMBER_OF_NAMES, sizeof ( *names ), strcmp );

        assert ( names[0][0] < names[1][0] );  /* Quick check to see it's done
it. */

        /*
        ** Print the sorted names.
        */

        printf ( "The Sorted Names.\n" );
  for ( i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_NAMES; i++ ) printf ( "%s\n", names[i] );
  }

/* ----------------------------------------- */

  Note very well:-

        I wanted 22 short character strings for the data items
for the demo to sort. So grep, uniq, cut, tail, and finally a tiny bit of
vi fished eminently suitable strings out of "mail.received". If your name
is not on the list, well I'm sorry, but the world is not a fair place!

  So that's how you use library routines. I chose qsort because it is
simple to use, and shows off a feature of 'C' well, that's the ability
to use a name of a function as a pointer and then execute that function
from within the called function. It's strcmp in this case. A quick look
at the compiler output is instructive.

  As is the nature of the animal, a tin-pot little program, which should
have taken all of ten minutes to get going in fact took more like two
hours. I put it down to the fact that the Fine Manual did not make it
adequately obvious that the data array acted on by qsort was the data itself.
From reading the Fine Manual I got the impression that the array acted on
was an array of pointers. You live and learn. It would be a much faster
qsort if, in fact, the sorting function sorted pointers to data instead of
the data itself. You might like to make a function qsort_p which worked in
in this way. The qsort algorithm is well documented elsewhere.

        There is just one more point to notice about using function libraries.
The 'C' compilation system will load functions from the library /lib/libc.a
as a default. All others have to be indicated to the linking loader by a
switch on the shell interactive command line.

$ cc -o prog prog.c -L /usr/local/lib -lgdbm -lmalloc

        You might use this command line to compile and link a program which
uses both the GNU gdbm data-base manager library, which is installed in
the directory /usr/local/lib, and the enhanced malloc library. Now, there
hangs a tale! I remember having to compile a program suit off Usenet and
it just would not work properly. No error messages, no warnings, no
missing linking-loader symbols. It just "died" when I tried to run it.
After many, many hours of total frustration, I thought that I would try
linking in the enhanced malloc library. Presto! It worked.

        Note very well.

  A common misconception is the notion that having a #include 
line in the source text will automagically tell the linking loader to
get the functions from the appropriate library. Remove this erroroneous
notion from your mind. It won't. The -lwhatever flag on the shell command
line which initiates execution of "cc" or "ld" is the only way to tell the
loader where to look for the required library.


--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.80000755000076400001440000004551707055334473016476 
                                     Lesson 7.

                             De-bugging Strategies.

      >>>>>>>> Proper Preparation Prevents Piss-Poor Performance. <<<<<<<<

  This lesson is really a essay about how to go about writing programs.

  I know that by far the best way to greatly reduce the amount of effort
required to get a program going properly is to avoid making mistakes in the
first palace! Now this might seem to be stating the absolute obvious, and it
is but after looking at many programs it would seem that there is a very
definite need to say it.

  So how does one go about reducing the probability of making mistakes?

  There are many strategies, and over the years I have evolved my own set.
  I have found that some of the most important are:

  1) Document what you are going to do before yes BEFORE you write any code.
     Set up the source files for the section of the program you are going to
     write and put some lines of explanation as to what you intend to do in
     this file. Be as precise as you can, but don't go into the detail of
     explaining in English, or your First Language, exactly what every
     statement does.

  2) Make sure that you keep each file as small as is sensible. Some program
     authors say that one should put only one function in a file. It's my
     personal opinion that this is going a little bit over the top, but
     certainly you should not have more than one logical activity in a source
     file. It's easier to find a needle in a tiny haystack than in a big one!

  3) Always use names for the objects in your program which are fully
     descriptive, or at the very least are meaningful nmemonics. Put yourself
     in the position of some poor soul who - a couple of years later, after you
     have long finished with the project, and left the country - has been given
     the task of adding a small feature to your exquisite program. Now in the
     rush to get your masterpiece finished you decided to use variable names
     like "a4" and "isb51" simply so that you can get the line typed a
     fraction of a second faster than if you used something like
     "customer_address[POST_CODE]" and "input_status_block[LOW_FUEL_TANK_#3].
     The difference in ease of understanding is obvious, isn't it? However
     judging by some programs which I have seen published in both magazines and
     in the public domain program sources, the point has still to be made.

  4) ALWAYS take great care with the layout of your code.
     It's my opinion that the opening brace of ALL program structures should
     be on a new line. Also if you put them in the leftmost column for structs,
     enums, and initialised tables, as well as functions, then the
     'find function' keystrokes ( "[[" and "]]" ) in vi will find them as well
     as the functions themselves. Make sure you have the "showmatch" facility
     in vi turned on. ( And watch the cursor jump when you enter the
     right hand brace, bracket, or parenthesis. )

  5) Try as hard as you can to have as few global variables as possible.
     Some people say never have any globals. This is perhaps a bit too
     severe but global variables are a clearly documented source of
     programming errors. If it's impossible to perform a logical activity
     in an efficient way without having a global or two, then confine
     the scope of the globals to just the one file by marking the defining
     declaration "static". This stops the compiler producing a symbol which
     the linking loader will make available to all the files in your source.

  6) Never EVER put 'magic numbers' in you source code. Always define constants
     in a header file with #define lines or enum statements.

     Here is an example:-


/* ----------------------------------------- */

#include 

enum status_input_names
{
  radiator_temperature,
  oil_temperature,
  fuel_pressure,
  energy_output,
  revolutions_per_minute
  };

char *stats[] =
{
  "radiator_temperature",
  "oil_temperature",
  "fuel_pressure",
  "energy_output",
  "revolutions_per_minute"
  };

#define NUMBER_OF_INPUTS ( sizeof ( stats ) / sizeof ( stats[0]))

main()
{
  enum status_input_names name;

  printf ( "Number of Inputs is: %d\n", NUMBER_OF_INPUTS );
  for ( name = radiator_temperature; name < NUMBER_OF_INPUTS; name++)
  {
    printf ( "\n%s", stats[ name ] );
    }
  printf ( "\n\n" );
  }

/* ----------------------------------------- */

  Note that as a side effect we have available the meaningful symbols
  radiator_temperature etc. as indices into the array of status input names
  and the symbol NUMBER_OF_INPUTS available for use as a terminator in the
  'for' loop. This is quite legal because sizeof is a pseudo-function and the
  value is evaluated at the time of compilation and not when the program is
  executed. This means that the result of the division in the macro is
  calculated at the time of compilation and this result is used as a literal
  in the 'for' loop. No division takes place each time the loop is executed.

  To illustrate the point I would like to tell you a little story which is
  fictitious, but which has a ring of truth about it.
  Your employer has just landed what seems to be a lucrative contract with
  an inventor of a completely new type of engine. We are assured that after
  initial proving trials one of the larger Japanese motor manufactures is
  going to come across with umpteen millions to complete the development of
  the design. You are told to write a program which has to be a simple and
  straightforward exercise in order to do the job as cheaply as possible.
  Now, the customer - a some-what impulsive type - realises that his
  engine is not being monitored closely enough when it starts to rapidly
  dis-assemble itself under high speed and heavy load. You have to add a
  few extra parameters to the monitoring program by yesterday morning!
  You just add the extra parameters into the enumand the array of pointers
  to the character strings. So:

enum status_input_names
{ radiator_temperature,
  radiator_pressure,
  fuel_temperature,
  fuel_pressure,
  oil_temperature,
  oil_pressure,
  exhaust_manifold_temperature
  };

  Let's continue the story about the Japanese purchase. Mr. Honda ( jun ) has
  come across with the money and the result is that you are now a team leader
  in the software section of Honda Software ( YourCountry ) Ltd. The project of
  which you are now leader is to completely rewrite your monitoring program and
  add a whole lot of extra channels as well as to make the printouts much more
  readable so that your cheap, cheerful, and aesthetic-free program can be sold
  as the "Ultimate Engine Monitoring Package" from the now world famous Honda
  Real-time Software Systems. You set to work, Honda et. al. imagine that there
  is going to be a complete redesign of the software at a cost of many million
  Yen. You being an ingenious type have written the code so that it is easy to
  enhance.

  The new features required are that the printouts have to be printed with the
  units of measure appended to the values which have to scaled and processed so
  that the number printed is a real physical value instead of the previous
  arrangement where the raw transducer output was just dumped onto a screen.

  What do you have to do?

  Thinking along the line of "Get the Data arranged correctly first".
  You take you old code and expand it so that all the items of information
  required for each channel are collected into a struct.

enum status_input_names
{
  radiator_temperature,
  radiator_pressure,
  fuel_temperature,
  fuel_pressure,
  oil_temperature,
  oil_pressure,
  exhaust_manifold_temperature,
  power_output,
  torque
  };

typedef struct channel
{
  char *name;                    /* Channel Name to be displayed on screen. */
  int nx;                        /* position of name on screen x co-ordinate.
*/
  int ny;                        /* ditto for y */
  int unit_of_measure;           /* index into units of measure array */
  char value;                    /* raw datum value from 8 bit ADC */
  char lower_limit;              /* For alarms. */
  char upper_limit;
  float processed_value;         /* The number to go on screen. */
  float offset;
  float scale_factor;
  int vx;                        /* Position of value on screen. */
  int vy;
  }CHANNEL;

enum units_of_measure { kPa, degC, kW, rpm, Volts, Amps, Newtons };

char *units { "kPa", "degC", "kW", "rpm", "Volts", "Amps", "Newtons" };

CHANNEL data [] =
{
  { "radiator temperature",
  { "radiator pressure",
  { "fuel temperature",
  { "fuel pressure",
  { "oil temperature",
  { "oil pressure",
  { "exhaust manifold temperature",
  { "power output",
  { "torque",
  };

#define NUMBER_OF_INPUTS sizeof (data ) / sizeof ( data[0] )

Now the lesson preparation is to find the single little bug in the above
program fragment, to finish the initialisation of the data array of type
CHANNEL and to have a bit of a crack at creating a screen layout
program to display its contents. Hint: Use printf();
( Leave all the values which originate from the real world as zero. )


  Here are some more tips for young players.

  1) Don't get confused between the logical equality operator,

     ==

     and the assignment to a variable operator.

     =

     This is probably the most frequent mistake made by 'C' beginners, and
     has the great disadvantage that, under most circumstances, the compiler
     will quite happily accept your mistake.

  2) Make sure that you are aware of the difference between the logical
     and bit operators.

     &&         This is the logical AND function.
     ||         This is the logical OR function.
                The result is ALWAYS either a 0 or a 1.

     &          This is the bitwise AND function used for masks etc.
                The result is expressed in all the bits of the word.

  3) Similarly to 2 be aware of the difference between the logical
     complementation and the bitwise one's complement operators.

     !          This is the logical NOT operator.
     ~          This is the bitwise ones complement op.

     Some further explanation is required. In deference to machine efficiency a
     LOGICAL variable is said to be true when it is non-zero. So let's set a
     variable to be TRUE.

     00000000000000000000000000000001  A word representing TRUE.
                                       Now let's do a logical NOT  !.
     00000000000000000000000000000000  There is a all zero word, a FALSE.

     00000000000000000000000000000001  That word again. TRUE.
                                       Now for a bitwise complement  ~.
     11111111111111111111111111111110  Now look we've got a word which is
                                       non-zero, still TRUE.

                                       Is this what you intended?

  4) It is very easy to fall into the hole of getting the
     '{' & '}'; '[' & ']'; '(' & ')'; symbol pairs all messed up and the
     computer thinks that the block structure is quite different from that
     which you intend. Make sure that you use an editor which tells you the
     matching symbol. The UNIX editor vi does this provided that you turn
     on the option. Also take great care with your layout so that the block
     structure is absolutely obvious, and whatever style you choose do take
     care to stick by it throughout the whole of the project.
     A personal layout paradigm is like this:

  Example 1.

function_type function_name ( a, b )
type a;
type b;
{
  type variable_one, variable_two;

  if ( logical_expression )
  {
    variable_one = A_DEFINED_CONSTANT;
    if ( !return_value = some_function_or_other ( a,
                                                  variable_one,
                                                  &variable_two
                                                  )
         )
    {
      error ( "function_name" );
      exit ( FAILURE );
      }
    else
    {
      return ( return_value + variable_two );
      }
    }    /* End of "if ( logical_expression )" block */
  }    /* End of function */

  This layout is easy to do using vi with this initialisation script
  in either the environment variable EXINIT or the file ${HOME}/.exrc:-

set showmode autoindent autowrite tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 showmatch wm=1

  Example 2.

void printUandG()
{
  char *format =
"\n\
           User is: %s\n\
          Group is: %s\n\n\
 Effective User is: %s\n\
Effective Group is: %s\n\n";

  ( void ) fprintf ( tty,
                     format,
                     passwd_p->pw_name,
                     group_p->gr_name,
                     epasswd_p->pw_name,
                     egroup_p->gr_name
                     );
  }

  Notice how it is possible to split up format statements with a '\' as
  the last character on the line, and that it is convenient to arrange
  for a nice output format without having to count the
  field widths. Note however that when using this technique that the '\'
  character MUST be the VERY LAST one on the line. Not even a space may
  follow it!

  In summary I *ALWAYS* put the opening brace on a new line, set the tabs
  so that the indentation is just two spaces, ( use more and you very quickly
  run out of "line", especially on an eighty column screen ). If a statement
  is too long to fit on a line I break the line up with the arguments set out
  one to a line and I then the indentation rule to the parentheses "()"
  as well. Sample immediately above. Probably as a hang-over from a particular
  pretty printing program which reset the indentation position after the
  printing of the closing brace "}", I am in the habit of doing it as well.
  Long "if" and "for" statements get broken up in the same way. This is
  an example of it all. The fragment of code is taken from a curses oriented
  data input function.

  /*
  ** Put all the cursor positions to zero.
  */

  for ( i = 0;
        s[i].element_name != ( char *) NULL &&
        s[i].element_value != ( char *) NULL;
        i = ( s[i].dependent_function == NULL )
            ? s[i].next : s[i].dependent_next
        )
  {                              /* Note that it is the brace and NOT the    */
                                 /* "for" which moves the indentation level. */
    s[i].cursor_position = 0;
    }

  /*
  ** Go to start of list and hop over any constants.
  */

    for ( i = edit_mode = current_element = 0;
          s[i].element_value == ( char *) NULL ;
          current_element = i = s[i].next
          ) continue;                               /* Note EMPTY statement. */

  /*
  ** Loop through the elements, stopping at end of table marker,
  ** which is an element with neither a pointer to an element_name nor
  ** one to a element_value.
  */

  while ( s[i].element_name != ( char *) NULL &&
          s[i].element_value != ( char *) NULL
          )
  {
    int c;           /* Varable which holds the character from the keyboard. */

    /*
    **  Et Cetera for many lines.
    */

    }

  Note the commenting style. The lefthand comments provide a general
overview of what is happening and the righthand ones a more detailed view.
The double stars make a good marker so it is easy to separate the code and
the comments at a glance.

  The null statement.

  You should be aware that the ";" on its own is translated by the compiler
as a no-operation statement. The usefullness of this is that you can do
little things, such as counting up a list of objects, or positioning a pointer
entirely within a "for" or "while" statement. ( See example above ).
There is, as always, a flip side. It is HORRIBLY EASY to put a ";" at the
end of the line after the closing right parenthesis - after all you do just
that for function calls! The suggestion is to both mark deliberate null
statements with a comment and to use the statement "continue;". Using
the assert macro will pick up these errors at run time.

  The assert macro.

  Refer to the Programmers Reference Manual section 3X and find the
documentation on this most useful tool.

  As usual an example is by far the best wasy to explain it.

/* ----------------------------------------- */

#ident "@(#) assert-demo.c"

#include 
#include 

#define TOP_ROW 10
#define TOP_COL 10

main()
{
  int row, col;

  for ( row = 1; row <= TOP_ROW; row++);
  {
    assert ( row <= TOP_ROW );
    for ( col = 1; col <= TOP_COL; col++ )
    {
      assert ( col <= TOP_COL );
      printf ( "%4d", row * col );
      }
    printf ( "\n" );
    }
  }

/* ----------------------------------------- */

  Which produces the output:-

Assertion failed:  row <= TOP_ROW , file assert-demo.c, line 15
ABORT instruction (core dumped)

  It does this because the varable "row" is incremented
to one greater than The value of TOP_ROW.

  Note two things:

  1) The sense of the logical condition. The assert is asserted
     as soon as the result of the logical condition is FALSE.
     Have a look at the file /usr/include/assert.
     Where is the ";" being used as an empty program statement?

  2) The unix operating system has dumped out an image of the executing
     program for examination using a symbolic debugger. Have a play with
     "sdb" in preparation for the lesson which deals with it in more
     detail.

  Lets remove the errant semi-colon, re-compile and re-run the program.

   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10
   2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18  20
   3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30
   4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36  40
   5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45  50
   6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54  60
   7  14  21  28  35  42  49  56  63  70
   8  16  24  32  40  48  56  64  72  80
   9  18  27  36  45  54  63  72  81  90
  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 100

  Here's the ten times multiplication table, for you to give to to
the nearest primary-school child!

  I would agree that it is not possible to compare the value of a program
layout with a real work of fine art such as a John Constable painting or
a Michaelangelo statue, I do think a well laid out and literate example of
programming is not only much easier to read and understand, but also it
does have a certain aesthetic appeal.

Copyright notice:-

(c) 1993 Christopher Sawtell.

I assert the right to be known as the author, and owner of the
intellectual property rights of all the files in this material,
except for the quoted examples which have their individual
copyright notices. Permission is granted for onward copying,
but not modification, of this course and its use for personal
study only, provided all the copyright notices are left in the
text and are printed in full on any subsequent paper reproduction.

--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/c-lesson.90000755000076400001440000003307707055334477016501 
                                 Lesson 8.

  This lesson and the following one will examine how to use the program
structure - as opposed to data structure - reserved words.

  Lets start with the looping structures:

  do repeated_statement while ( logical_expression );

  repeated_statement, which may be a block of code, will be executed
repetitively until the logical_expression, becomes false. If you have been
exposed to ( corrupted by? ) another language remember that there is no
`until' test at the end of a loop. Note that the repeated_statement is always
executed once irrespective of the state of the logical_expression.

  while ( logical_expression ) repeated_statement;

  repeated_statement is executed repetitively while the logical_expression
is true. Once again statement may be a block of code. Note that if the
logical_expression evaluates to FALSE then the repeated_statement is NEVER
executed.

  Associated with the looping structures are the control words:

  break;
  continue;

  break; allows you to leave a loop in the middle of a block, and
  continue; allows you to re-start it from the top.

  Finally we must not forget the most common and useful looping construct:

  for ( initialising statement; logical_expression; incremental_statement )
  repeated_statement;

  Some further explanation is needed. The initialising statement is
executed once, but to allow for the need to initialise several separate
variables the assignment statements may be separated by commas. The
logical_expression must be true for the loop to run, and the
incremental_statement is executed once each time the loop is run.
The for statement is completely general and may, for example, be used to
manipulate a set of pointers to operate on a linked list.

Some examples.

  A do loop program.

#ident "@(#) do_demo.c - An example of the do loop"

#include 

main()
{
  char character;

  character = 'a';

  do printf ( "%c", character ); while ( character++ < 'z' );
  printf ( "\n" );
  }

  Fairly obviously it prints:

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

  A while loop example.

#ident "@(#) while_demo.c - An example of the while loop"

#include 

main()
{
  char character;

  character = 'a';

  while ( character <= 'z' ) printf ( "%c", character++ );
  printf ( "\n" );
  }

  Its output is exactly the same as the previous example:

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

  In this totally trivial case it is irrelevant which program structure
  you use, however you should note that in the `do' program structure the
  repeated statement is always executed at least once.
  A for loop example.

  The `for' looping structure.

#ident "@(#) for_demo.c - An example of the for loop"

#include 

main()
{
  char character;

  for ( character = 'a'; character <= 'z' ; character++ )
  {
    printf ( "%c", character );
    }
  printf ( "\n" );
  }

  Surprise, Surprise!

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

  You should be aware that in all the looping program structures, the
repeated statement can be a null statement ( either just a `;' or the
reserved word `continue;' ). This means that it is possible to - for
example - position a pointer, or count up some items of something or other.
It isn't particularly easy to think up a trivial little program which
demonstrates this concept, however the two `for' loops give some indication
of the idea.

#ident "@(#) pointer_demo.c - Pointer operations with the for loop"

#include 

main()
{
  char character, *character_pointer, alphabets [ 53 ];

  for ( character = 'a', character_pointer = alphabets;  /* Start conditions */
        character <= 'z';                                /* Run while true   */
        *character_pointer++ = character++               /* All the work     */
        )TRUE continue;

  for ( character = 'A';  /* character_pointer is at the right place already */
        character <= 'Z';
        *character_pointer++ = character++
        ) continue;

  *character_pointer = (char) '\000'; /* NULL character to terminate string. */

  printf ( "%s\n\n", alphabets );
  }

  Another Surprise!

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

  So much for the looping structures provided by the `C' language. The
other main structures required to program a computer are the ones which
alter the program flow. These are the switch, and the if and its extension
the if ... else combination. More demo programs are much the best way of
getting the message across to you, so here they are, first the if construct.

#ident "if_demo.c"

#include 

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
  if ( argc > 1 ) printf ( "You have initiated execution with arguments."};
  }

  And the if ... else demo.

#ident "if_else_demo.c"
/*
** The Language #define could go in the compiler invocation line if desired.
*/

#define ENGLISH

#include 

/*
** The message and text fragments output by the program.
*/

char *messages[] =
{
#if defined( ENGLISH )
#ident "@(#)ENGLISH Version"
  "\nUsage: if_else_demo  \n\n",
  "The first argument is ",
  "the second",
  "equal to ",
  "bigger than ",
  "smaller than "
#endif

#if defined( FRANCAIS )
#ident "@(#)FRENCH Version"

  put the French translation in here so that we are ready to export to
  French speaking Countries. I'd be grateful if a French speaker could
  make the translation for me.

#endif
  };

/*
** Meaningful words defined to constants
*/

#define USAGE 0
#define FIRST 1
#define SECOND 2
#define EQUAL 3
#define BIGGER 4
#define SMALLER 5

#define SUCCESS 0
#define FAILURE 1

/*
** We need this more than once so it can be put in a function.
*/

void usage()
{
  printf ( messages[USAGE]);
  exit ( FAILURE );
  }

/*
** Main program function starts here. ( At the top of a page no less! )
*/

int main ( argc, argv )
int argc;
char **argv;
{
  int message_index;
  double i, j, strtod();
  char *ptr;

  if ( argc != 3 ) usage();                  /* have we been given the right */
                                             /* number of arguments. */
  i = strtod ( argv[1], &ptr);               /* Convert to a double float. */
  if ( ptr == argv[1] ) usage();             /* Successful conversion? */
  j = strtod ( argv[2], &ptr);               /* Convert to a double float. */
  if ( ptr == argv[2] ) usage();             /* Successful conversion? */

/*
** This statement uses the "ternary conditional assignment" language
** construction to assign the value required to the message indexing variable.
** Note that this concept is efficient in both the generation of machine code
** output ( compile the program with a -S switch and have a look ) and in the
** ease with which it can be understood. The assignment is obvious instead of
** being buried under a litter of `if' and `else' keywords.
*/

  message_index = ( i == j ) ? EQUAL : ( i > j ) ? BIGGER : SMALLER;

/*
** Now print the message.
*/

  (void) printf ( "\n%s%s%s\n\n",     /* Format string specifying 3 strings. */
                  messages[ FIRST ],                   /* Address of string. */
                  messages[ message_index ],           /*        ditto.      */
                  messages[ SECOND ]                   /*        ditto.      */
                  );
  return ( SUCCESS );
  }

  Well as you can no doubt gather it simply compares two numbers on the
command line and ejects a little message depending on the relative magnitude
of the numbers. In the UNIX tradition the help message is perhaps somewhat
terse, but it serves the purpose of getting you - the student - to think
about the importance of creating programs which always cope with nonsensical
input in a civilised way. Here are the lines of output.

Usage: if_else_demo  

The first argument is equal to the second

The first argument is smaller than the second

The first argument is bigger than the second

  Now that the international community is shrinking with vastly improved
telecommunications, it is perhaps a good idea to think carefully about
creating programs which can talk in many languages to the users. The method
of choice is - I believe - that presented above. The #if defined( LANGUAGE )
gives us an easy method of changing the source code to suit the new sales
area. Another possibility is to put all the text output needed from a program
into a file. The file would have to have a defined layout and some consistent
way of `getting at' the message strings.

  From a commercial point of view this may or may not be a good business plan.
Quite definitely it is an absolute no no to scatter a mass of string literals
containing the messages and message fragments all over your program script.

  There are two more methods of altering the program flow.

  1 ) The goto a label.
  2 ) The setjump / longjmp library routines.

  The concept of the go to a label construction has had reams of literary
verbiage written about it and this author does not intend to add to the pile.
Suffice it to say that a goto is a necessary language construct. There are a
few situations which require the language to have ( in practice ) some form of
unconditional jump. Treat this statement with great caution if you wish your
code to be readable by others. An example of legitimate use.

  for ( a = 0; a < MATRIX_SIZE; a++ )
  {
    for ( b = 0; b < MATRIX_SIZE; b++ )
    {
      if ( process ( matrix, a, b )) goto bad_matrix;
      }
     }
   return ( OK );

bad_matrix:

   perror ( progname, "The data in the matrix seems to have been corrupted" );
   return ( BAD );

  This is one of the very few "legitimate" uses of goto, as there is no
"break_to_outer_loop" in `C'. Note that some compilers complain if the label
is not immediately followed by a statement. If your compiler is one of these
naughty ones, you can put either a `;' or a pair of braces `{}' after the
`:' as a null statement.

  An example of a program package which makes extensive use of the goto is the
rz and sz modem communications protocol implementation by Chuck Forsberg of
Omen Technology. You should download it and study the code, but do remember
that the proof of the pudding argument must apply as the rz & sz system has
become extremely popular in its application because it works so well.

  The other method of changing program flow is the setjump and longjmp pair of
library functions. The idea is to provide a method of recovery from errors
which might be detected anywhere within a large program - perhaps a compiler,
interpreter or large data acquisition system. Here is the trivial example:

#ident "set_jmp_demo.c"

#include 
#include 

jmp_buf save;

main()
{
  char c;

  for ( ;; )                     /* This is how you set up a continuous loop.
*/
  {
    switch ( setjmp( save ))
    {
case 0:
      printf ( "We get a zero returned from setjmp on setup.\n\n");
      break;                   /* This is the result from setting up. */

case 1:
      printf ( "NORMAL PROGRAM OPERATION\n\n" );
      break;

case 2:
      printf ( "WARNING\n\n" );
      break;

case 3:
      printf ( "FATAL ERROR PROGRAM TERMINATED\n\nReally Terminate? y/n: " );
      fflush ( stdout );
      scanf ( "%1s", &c );
      c = tolower ( c );
      if ( c == 'y' ) return ( 1 );
      printf ( "\n" );
      break;

default:
      printf ( "Should never return here.\n" );
      break;
      }
    process ();
    }
  }

process ()
{
  int i;

  printf ( "Input a number to simulate an error condition: " );
  fflush ( stdout );
  scanf ( "%d", &i );
  i %= 3;
  i++;                /* So that we call longjmp with  0 < i < 4 */
  longjmp ( save, i);
  }

  Although in this silly little demo the call to longjmp is in the same file
as the call to setjmp, this does not have to be the case, and in the practical
situation the call to longjmp will be a long way from the call to setjmp. The
mechanism is that setjmp saves the entire state of the computer's CPU in a
buffer declared in the jmp_buf save; statement and longjmp restores it exactly
with the exception of the register which carries the return value from longjmp.
This value is the same as the second argument in the longjmp call - i in our
little demo. This means, of course, that the stack and frame pointer registers
are reset to the old values and all the local variables being used at the time
of the longjmp call are going to be lost forever. One consequence of this is
that any pointer to memory allocated from the heap will also be lost, and
you will be unable to access the data stored in the buffer. This is what the
jargonauts call "memory leakage", and is really very difficult bug to find.
Your program runs out of dynamic memory long before it should. Take care.
So you have to keep a record of the buffers' addresses and free them
before the call to longjmp.

More details later on when we learn about the heap memory allocation routines.

Copyright notice:-

(c) 1993 Christopher Sawtell.

I assert the right to be known as the author, and owner of the
intellectual property rights of all the files in this material,
except for the quoted examples which have their individual
copyright notices. Permission is granted for onward copying,
but not modification, of this course and its use for personal
study only, provided all the copyright notices are left in the
text and are printed in full on any subsequent paper reproduction.

--
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | NAME   Christopher Sawtell                                           |
 | SMAIL  215 Ollivier's Road, Linwood, Christchurch, 8001. New Zealand.|
 | EMAIL  chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz                                    |
 | PHONE  +64-3-389-3200   ( gmt +13 - your discretion is requested )   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/SAWTELL/intro.html0000644000076400001440000000170407055334500016655 C Lesson by Chris Sawtell

    C Lesson by Chris Sawtell
    
This copy was taken in May 94. The latest version is available
by 
clicking here

    

    
  Introduction

    
  History

    
  Data Storage.

    
  Arrays & Pointers

    
  Operators

    
  Pre-processor

    
  Libraries

    
  Debugging

    
  Structure
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	distdir=../$(distdir)/$$subdir \
	distdir) \
	|| exit 1; \
	fi; \
	done
check-am: all-am
check: check-recursive
all-am: Makefile $(DATA)
installdirs: installdirs-recursive
installdirs-am:
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)

install: install-recursive
install-exec: install-exec-recursive
install-data: install-data-recursive
uninstall: uninstall-recursive

install-am: all-am
	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am

installcheck: installcheck-recursive
install-strip:
	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
	`test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
	echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
mostlyclean-generic:

clean-generic:

distclean-generic:
	-rm -f Makefile $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES) stamp-h stamp-h[0-9]*

maintainer-clean-generic:
	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
#>- clean: clean-recursive
#>+ 1
clean: kde-rpo-clean  clean-recursive

clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am

distclean: distclean-recursive

distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic distclean-libtool \
	distclean-tags

dvi: dvi-recursive

dvi-am:

info: info-recursive

info-am:

install-data-am: install-docsDATA

install-exec-am:

install-info: install-info-recursive

install-man:

installcheck-am:

maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-recursive

maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic

mostlyclean: mostlyclean-recursive

mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool

uninstall-am: uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am

uninstall-info: uninstall-info-recursive

.PHONY: $(RECURSIVE_TARGETS) GTAGS all all-am check check-am clean \
	clean-generic clean-libtool clean-recursive distclean \
	distclean-generic distclean-libtool distclean-recursive \
	distclean-tags distdir dvi dvi-am dvi-recursive info info-am \
	info-recursive install install-am install-data install-data-am \
	install-data-recursive install-docsDATA install-exec \
	install-exec-am install-exec-recursive install-info \
	install-info-am install-info-recursive install-man \
	install-recursive install-strip installcheck installcheck-am \
	installdirs installdirs-am installdirs-recursive \
	maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic \
	maintainer-clean-recursive mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
	mostlyclean-libtool mostlyclean-recursive tags tags-recursive \
	uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am \
	uninstall-info-recursive uninstall-recursive

# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:

#>+ 2
docs-am:

#>+ 6
force-reedit:
		cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/CONTRIB/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/CONTRIB/Makefile.in


#>+ 2
final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 2
no-final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
no-final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 3
cvs-clean:
	$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean

#>+ 3
kde-rpo-clean:
	-rm -f *.rpo
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/intro.html0000755000076400001440000001236607055333574015565 

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405213015754 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/troff.test0000644000076400001440000000104207055334403017703 Test file for the troff line program
.tm this is a test
    .tm test is more test
.tm test once again
.xx this is an error
Test of macro that has no arguments
.br
Put an argument where there should be none
.br
Expect string argument
.tm string
Two strings
.tm string string
Integer
.br
12+34
String where number expected
.br
test
Vertical bar
.lt |0
No vertical bar
.lt 0
Font check
Bad font check
Character
'left'middle'right'
bad
'bad
'bad'bad
'bad'bad'
"quoted string"
"almost quoted string
.sp 12.0
Cause an expression error
.sp 12.0_12.0   
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/gen.h0000644000076400001440000000160707055334373016621 /********************************************************
 * gen.h -- general purpose macros.                     *
 ********************************************************/

/*
 * Define a boolean type 
 */
#ifndef TRUE
typedef int boolean;
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#endif /* TRUE */

/********************************************************
 * SKIP_WHITESPACE -- move a character pointer          *
 *      past whitespace                                 *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      cur_char -- pointer to current character        *
 *              (will be moved)                         *
 ********************************************************/
/* Move past whitespace */
#define SKIP_WHITESPACE(cur_char) \
    while ((*(cur_char) <= ' ') && (*(cur_char) != '\0')) \
        (cur_char)++;
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/makefile.tcc0000644000076400001440000000073407055334377020153 CC=tcc
CFLAGS=-ml -g -w -A
SRCS=tlint.c   macros.c   symbol.c   fonts.c
OBJS=tlint.obj macros.obj symbol.obj fonts.obj

tlint: $(OBJS)
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -etlint $(OBJS)

fonts.obj: fonts.c gen.h symbol.h
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c fonts.c

macros.obj: font.h gen.h macro.h macros.c symbol.h
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c macros.c

symbol.obj: symbol.c symbol.h
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c symbol.c

tlint.obj: font.h gen.h macro.h tlint.c
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c tlint.c
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/macros.c0000644000076400001440000003326007055334377017333 /********************************************************
 *  macros -- Handle macro related data structure.      *
 *                                                      *
 * Functions                                            *
 *      load_macros -- load a macro file into the macro *
 *                              symbol table            *
 *      macro_check -- check macro line                 *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include "gen.h"
#include "symbol.h"
#include "macro.h"
#include "font.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
extern void error(char *);      /* Write error message */

/*
 * Each argument to a macro has the following structure 
 */
struct arg {
    char type;          /* Type of argument */
    boolean many;       /* True if we can repeat this argument */
};

#define MAX_ARGS 10     /* Max arguments for each macro */

struct arg_list {
    int num_args;       /* Number of arguments */
    struct arg args[MAX_ARGS];  /* The arguments */
};

/* the top of the symbol table */
static struct symbol *macro_symbol_ptr = NULL;

/*
 * Skip past remaining argument
 */
#define SKIP_ARG(cur_char) \
    while (*(cur_char) > ' ') \
        (cur_char)++;

/********************************************************
 * load_macros -- load macros into symbol table         *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      name -- filename of file to load                *
 *                                                      *
 * Aborts on error.                                     *
 *------------------------------------------------------*
 * Input file format:                                   *
 *      # line -- comment                               *
 *      mac arg arg # comment                           *
 *                                                      *
 *      mac -- one or two-character macro name          *
 *      arg -- argument type letter                     *
 *              | -- vertical bar                       *
 *              s -- string                             *
 *              n -- number                             *
 *              c -- single character                   *
 *              f -- font specification                 *
 *              t -- three-part title                   *
 *                                                      *
 *      If followed by a star, set the many flag.       *
 ********************************************************/
void  load_macros(char *name)
{
    FILE *in_file; /* Input file */
    int   line_number;  /* Line number of the input file */
    char *type_list = "|sncft"; /* Characters for argument type */
    int   num_args;/* Number of arguments we've seen */
    char  macro_name[3];        /* Name of the current macro */

    /* The macro we are working on */
    struct arg_list *arg_list_ptr;

    in_file = fopen(name, "r");
    if (in_file == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Error:Can't open %s for reading\n", name);
        exit(8);
    }
    line_number = 0;

    while (1) {
        char  line[80]; /* Input line from data file */
        char *cur_char; /* Pointer to current input character */

        if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in_file) == NULL) {
            (void) fclose(in_file);
            return;
        }
        line_number++;

        cur_char = line;
        /* Trim off leading whitespace */
        SKIP_WHITESPACE(cur_char);

        /* Continue on comment or blank line */
        if ((*cur_char == '#') || (cur_char == '\0'))
            continue;

        /* Copy two-character macro name */
        macro_name[0] = *cur_char;
        cur_char++;
        if (*cur_char > ' ') {
            macro_name[1] = *cur_char;
            cur_char++;
            macro_name[2] = '\0';
        } else
            macro_name[1] = '\0';

        /*
         * create new argument list
         */
        arg_list_ptr = (struct arg_list *) malloc(sizeof(struct arg_list));

        for (num_args = 0; num_args < MAX_ARGS; num_args++) {

            /* Move past whitespace */
            SKIP_WHITESPACE(cur_char);

            /* End of list? */
            if ((*cur_char == '#') || (cur_char == '\0'))
                break;

            /* Check for legal character */
            if (strchr(type_list, *cur_char) == NULL) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                     "Error on line %d:Bad argument character %c\n",
                               line_number, *cur_char);
            }
            arg_list_ptr->args[num_args].type = *cur_char;
            cur_char++;

            if (*cur_char == '*') {
                arg_list_ptr->args[num_args].many = TRUE;
                cur_char++;
            } else
                arg_list_ptr->args[num_args].many = FALSE;

        }
        arg_list_ptr->num_args = num_args;
        enter(¯o_symbol_ptr, macro_name, (generic *) arg_list_ptr);
    }
}
/********************************************************
 * macro_check -- check a macro line for correctness    *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      line -- line to check                           *
 ********************************************************/
void  macro_check(char *line)
{
    char *cur_char = &line[1];  /* Pointer to current character */
    char  name[3]; /* Macro name */
    struct arg_list *arg_list_ptr;      /* The argument list */
    int   arg_index;    /* Index into argument list */

    extern char *check_string(char *);  /* String? */
    extern char *check_number(char *);  /* Number? */
    extern char *check_char(char *);    /* Character? */
    extern char *check_font(char *);    /* Font specification? */
    extern char *check_title(char *);   /* Three-part title? */

    SKIP_WHITESPACE(cur_char);

    /* Copy two-character macro name */
    name[0] = *cur_char;
    cur_char++;
    if (*cur_char > ' ') {
        name[1] = *cur_char;
        cur_char++;
        name[2] = '\0';
    } else
        name[1] = '\0';

    arg_list_ptr = (struct arg_list *) lookup(macro_symbol_ptr, name);

    if (arg_list_ptr == NULL) {
        char  error_msg[30];
        (void) sprintf(error_msg, "No such macro %s", name);
        error(error_msg);
        return;
    }
    arg_index = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (arg_index >= arg_list_ptr->num_args)
            break;

        /* Start at beginning of next macro */
        SKIP_WHITESPACE(cur_char);

        /* Check for end of string */
        if (*cur_char == '\0')
            break;

        switch (arg_list_ptr->args[arg_index].type) {
            /* Vertical Bar (optional) */
        case '|':
            if (*cur_char == '|')
                cur_char++;
            break;

            /* s -- a string */
        case 's':
            cur_char = check_string(cur_char);
            break;

            /* n -- number */
        case 'n':
            cur_char = check_number(cur_char);
            break;

            /* c -- character */
        case 'c':
            cur_char = check_char(cur_char);
            break;

            /* f -- font specification */
        case 'f':
            cur_char = check_font(cur_char);
            break;

            /* t -- three-part title */
        case 't':
            cur_char = check_title(cur_char);
            break;

        default:
            (void) printf("Internal error, bad type %c\n",
                          arg_list_ptr->args[arg_index].type);
            break;
        }

        if (arg_list_ptr->args[arg_index].many == FALSE)
            arg_index++;

    }
    SKIP_WHITESPACE(cur_char);
    if (*cur_char != '\0')
        error("Too many arguments");
}
/********************************************************
 * check_string -- check argument to make sure it's     *
 *              pointing to a string                    *
 *                                                      *
 * A string is a word or a set of words enclosed in     *
 *      double quotes.                                  *
 *                                                      *
 * I.E.   sam    "This is a test"                       *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      cur_char -- pointer to the string               *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to character after the string           *
 ********************************************************/
char *check_string(char *cur_char)
{
    /* What type of string is it? */

    /* Quoted string? */
    if (*cur_char == '"') {
        cur_char++;

        /* Move to end of string */
        while ((*cur_char != '"') && (*cur_char != '\0'))
            cur_char++;

        /* Check for proper termination */
        if (*cur_char == '\0')
            error("Missing closing \" on string parameter");
        else
            cur_char++;         /* Move past closing quote */

    } else {
        /* Simple word string */
        while (!isspace(*cur_char))
            cur_char++;
    }
    return (cur_char);
}
/********************************************************
 * check_number -- check argument to make sure it's     *
 *              pointing to a expression                *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      cur_char -- pointer to the integer expression   *
 *                                                      *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to character after the integer exp      *
 ********************************************************/
char *check_number(char *cur_char)
{
    /* Characters allowed in expressions */
    static char *number_chars = "0123456789+-*/%.";

    if (strchr(number_chars, *cur_char) == NULL) {
        error("Expression expected");
        SKIP_ARG(cur_char);
        return (cur_char);
    }
    while (strchr(number_chars, *cur_char) != NULL)
        cur_char++;

    if (!(isspace(*cur_char) || (*cur_char == '\0'))) {
        SKIP_ARG(cur_char);
        error("Illegal expression");
    }

    return (cur_char);
}
/********************************************************
 * check_char -- check argument to make sure it's       *
 *              pointing to a char                      *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      cur_char -- pointer to the char                 *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to character after the char             *
 *                                                      *
 * Note: This is a simple character check and does not  *
 *       try to figure out all of the crazy \           *
 *       characters that can be used in troff.          *
 ********************************************************/
char *check_char(char *cur_char)
{
    cur_char++;

    if (!(isspace(*cur_char) || (*cur_char == '\0')))
        error("Expected single character");

    return (cur_char);
}
/********************************************************
 * check_font -- check argument to make sure it's       *
 *              pointing to a legal font                *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      cur_char -- pointer to the font                 *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to character after the font             *
 ********************************************************/
char *check_font(char *cur_char)
{
    char  name[3]; /* Font name */

    name[0] = *cur_char;
    cur_char++;

    if (isalnum(*cur_char)) {
        name[1] = *cur_char;
        cur_char++;
        name[2] = '\0';
    } else
        name[1] = '\0';

    if (lookup(font_symbol_ptr, name) == NULL)
        error("Expected font");

    return (cur_char);
}

/********************************************************
 * check_title -- check argument to make sure it's      *
 *              pointing to a three-part title          *
 *              of the form:  'xxxx'yyyy'zzz'.          *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      cur_char -- pointer to the title                *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to character after the title            *
 ********************************************************/
char *check_title(char *cur_char)
{
    if (*cur_char != '\'') {
        error("Expected beginning of three-part title");
        SKIP_ARG(cur_char);
        return (cur_char);
    }
    cur_char++;

    while ((*cur_char != '\'') && (*cur_char != '\0'))
        cur_char++;

    if (*cur_char != '\'') {
        error("Expected middle part of three-part title");
        SKIP_ARG(cur_char);
        return (cur_char);
    }
    cur_char++;

    while ((*cur_char != '\'') && (*cur_char != '\0'))
        cur_char++;

    if (*cur_char != '\'') {
        error("Expected third part of three-part title");
        SKIP_ARG(cur_char);
        return (cur_char);
    }
    cur_char++;

    while ((*cur_char != '\'') && (*cur_char != '\0'))
        cur_char++;

    if (*cur_char != '\'') {
        error("Expected end of three-part title");
        SKIP_ARG(cur_char);
        return (cur_char);
    }
    cur_char++;
    return (cur_char);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/macro.h0000644000076400001440000000247507055334374017156 /********************************************************
 * macros.h -- Definitions for the macro lookup         *
 *              package.                                *
 *                                                      *
 * Procedures                                           *
 *      load_macros -- load a macro onto the symbol tbl *
 *                                                      *
 *      macro_check -- check a macro line for           *
 *                      correctness                     *
 ********************************************************/

/********************************************************
 * load_macros -- load macros into symbol table         *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      name -- filename of file to load                *
 ********************************************************/
void load_macros(char *name);

/********************************************************
 * macro_check -- check a macro line for correctness    *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      line -- line to check                           *
 ********************************************************/
void macro_check(char *name);
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/test.csh0000644000076400001440000000144307055334401017343 #!/bin/csh
#
# Test file for the program tlint 
#
#----------------------------------------
# Print commands as they are executed
#
set echo
#----------------------------------------
# Try something normal
#
tlint troff.test
#----------------------------------------
# Try non-existent macro and font file
tlint -mno-name 
tlint -fno-name
#----------------------------------------
# Try a bad macro file
tlint -mbad.mac         Add the data from         *
 *                      to the tables used for syntax   *
 *                      checking.                       *
 *      -f        Add font data from        *
 *                      to list of legal fonts.         *
 *                                                      *
 *      [files] is a list of files to check.            *
 *              (none=check standard in.)               *
 *                                                      *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include "gen.h"
#include "macro.h"
#include "font.h"
#include 

#define MAX_LINE 100            /* longest line we can expect */

#define MACRO_START_1   '.'     /* Macros can begin with a dot */
#define MACRO_START_2   '\''    /* or an apostrophe */

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    void usage(void);   /* Tell the user what to do */
    void do_file(char *, FILE *); /* Process a file */

    load_macros("standard.mac");
    load_fonts("standard.fonts");

    while ((argc > 1) && (argv[1][0] == '-')) {
        switch (argv[1][1]) {
            case 'm':
                load_macros(&argv[1][2]);
                break;
            case 'f':
                load_fonts(&argv[1][2]);
                break;
            default:
                usage();
        }
        argc--;
        argv++;
    }
    if (argc == 1) {
        do_file("standard-in", stdin);
    } else {
        while (argc > 1) {
            FILE *in_file;   /* File for reading data */

            in_file = fopen(argv[1], "r");
            if (in_file == NULL) {
                (void)fprintf(stderr,"Unable to open %s\n", argv[1]);
            } else {
                do_file(argv[1], in_file);
                (void)fclose(in_file);
            }
            argc--;
            argv++;
        }
    }
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * usage -- tell the user what to do                    *
 ********************************************************/
static void usage(void)
{
    (void)printf("Usage is:\n");
    (void)printf("   tlint [options] [file1] [file2] ...\n");
    (void)printf("Options:\n");
    (void)printf("      -m -- add  to list\n");
    (void)printf("                  of macro files\n");
    (void)printf("      -f -- specify additional font file\n");
    exit (8);
}
static char *file_name; /* Name of the file we are processing */
static int line_number; /* Current line number */
static char line[MAX_LINE];     /* A line from the input file */
static int line_out;    /* True if a line has been output */
/********************************************************
 * do_file -- process a single file                     *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      name -- name of the file to use                 *
 *      in_file -- file to check                        *
 ********************************************************/
static void do_file(char *name, FILE *in_file)
{

    file_name = name;
    line_number = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in_file) == NULL)
            break;
        line_out = 0;   /* We have not written the line */
        line_number++;
        
        if ((line[0] == MACRO_START_1) || (line[0] == MACRO_START_2))
            macro_check(line);
    }
}
/********************************************************
 * error -- tell the user that there is an error        *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      message -- error message                        *
 ********************************************************/
void error(char *message)
{
    if (line_out == 0) {
        (void)fprintf(stderr,"%s", line);
        line_out = 1;
    }
    (void)fprintf(stderr,"Error %s in file %s Line %d\n", 
        message, file_name, line_number);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/fonts.c0000644000076400001440000000417407055334373017176 /********************************************************
 *  fonts -- handle font-related data structures        *
 *                                                      *
 * Functions                                            *
 *      load_fonts -- load a font file                  *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include "gen.h"
#include "symbol.h"
#include 
#include 

/* the top of the symbol table */
struct symbol *font_symbol_ptr = NULL;
/********************************************************
 * load_fonts -- load fonts into symbol table           *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      file_name -- filename of file to load           *
 *                                                      *
 * Aborts on error.                                     *
 ********************************************************/
void load_fonts(char *file_name)
{
    FILE *in_file; /* Input file */
    char  name[3]; /* Name of the current font */
    /* We have to point to something for our data */
    static char *an_object = "an object";       

    in_file = fopen(file_name, "r");
    if (in_file == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Error:Can't open %s for reading\n", file_name);
        exit(8);
    }

    while (1) {
        char  line[80]; /* Input line from data file */
        char *cur_char; /* Pointer to current input character */

        if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in_file) == NULL) {
            (void) fclose(in_file);
            return;
        }
        cur_char = line;

        while (*cur_char != '\0') {
            SKIP_WHITESPACE(cur_char);

            if (*cur_char == '\0')
                break;

            /* Copy two-character macro name */
            name[0] = *cur_char;
            cur_char++;
            if (*cur_char > ' ') {
                name[1] = *cur_char;
                cur_char++;
                name[2] = '\0';
            } else
                name[1] = '\0';

            enter(&font_symbol_ptr, name, (generic *) an_object);
        }
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/font.h0000644000076400001440000000204407055334372017011 /********************************************************
 * font.h -- Definitions for the font package           *
 *              package.                                *
 *                                                      *
 * Procedures                                           *
 *      load_fonts -- load a font file onto the symbol  *
 *                              table                   *
 ********************************************************/

extern struct symbol *font_symbol_ptr;  /* A list of
                                legal fonts */
/********************************************************
 * load_fonts -- load fonts into symbol table           *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      file_name -- filename of file to load           *
 *                                                      *
 * Aborts on error                                      *
 ********************************************************/
void load_fonts(char *name);
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/standard.mac0000644000076400001440000000627607055334400020157 #
# This file contains the definitions for the built-in
# macros used by troff
#
# The format of the file is
#    macro 
#
#    Arguments are:
#       |       Vertical bar
#       s       String
#       n       Numeric expression
#       c       Single character
#       f       Font specification
#       t       Three-part title
#       
#       If followed by a * they can be repeated 0 or more
#       times
#
# Anything past a # is considered a comment
br              # Break 
ad s            # Adjust margins
na              # No adjust
nf              # No fill
fi              # Fill
nh              # No hyphen
hy n            # Set hyphenation mode
hw s*           # Specify how to hyphenate words
hc c            # Hyphenation character
ce n            # Center lines
ul n            # Underline
cu n            # Continuous underline
uf f            # Select font for underline
po | n          # Page offset
ll n            # Line length
in | n          # Indent
ti | n          # Temporary indent
pl | n          # Page length
bp n            # Begin page
pn n            # Page number
ne n            # Specify need space
mk s            # Mark current location
sp | n          # Vertical space
ps n            # Point size
vs | n          # Vertical space
ls n            # Line spacing
sv n            # Save space
os              # Output saved space
ns              # Set no-space mode
rs              # Set restore-space mode
ss n            # Set character space size
cs s n n        # Constant space mode
ft f            # Specify font
fp f n          # Set font position
fz f n          # Font size request
bd f n          # Specify how to bold a font
lg n            # Select ligatures
ta n*           # Specify tabs
tc c            # Tab character
lc c            # Leader character
fc c s          # Field character
lt | n          # Title length
pc c            # Page character
tl t            # Title
so s            # Source another file
nx s            # Change to another file
pi s            # Pipe output to a program
rd s            # Read data from keyboard
ex s            # Exit
tm s*           # Send message to standard output
ds s s          # Define string
as s s          # Append string
de s s          # Define macro
.               # End of macro
rm s            # Remove macro
rn s s          # Rename macro
am s s          # Append to macro
di s            # Divert to macro
da s            # Append to diversion
wh n s          # Set place to execute macro
ch s n          # Change place macro executes
dt n s          # Set diversion trap
it n s          # Set input trap
em s            # Set macro for end of input
nr s n n        # Define number register
af s c          # Assign format
rr s            # Remove register
mc c            # Margin character
ec c            # Set escape character
eo              # Turn off escape 
cc c            # Set control character
c2              # Set second control character
tr s            # Translate characters
nm n n n n      # Line number
nn n            # No numbering
ig s            # Ignore input
pm s            # Print macros
fl              # Flush output
ab s            # Abort
ev n            # Set environment
\" s*           # Comment
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/HEADER.html0000644000076400001440000000056007055334372017511 
    Practical C - O'Reilly
    
Reprinted with permission from 
'Practical C Programming' copyright 1993 O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.  For
orders and information, call 1-800-988-9938.

    
Source directory can be extracted from 
ftp.uu.net:/published/oreilly/nutshell/practical_c.

    
I strongly recomended you get the book to put these examples into 
context. Martin
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/symbol.c0000644000076400001440000000533307055334401017340 /********************************************************
 *  symbol -- handle the symbol table                   *
 *                                                      *
 * Functions                                            *
 *      enter  -- put a symbol in a symbol table        *
 *      lookup -- get the data associated with a symbol *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include "symbol.h"
#include 
#include 

/********************************************************
 * enter -- enter a word into the symbol table          *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      node -- top node of the symbol table for add    *
 *      symbol -- symbol name to add (1 or 2 chars)     *
 *      data -- data associated with the symbol         *
 ********************************************************/
void enter(struct symbol **node_ptr, char *symbol, generic *data)
{
    int  result;        /* result of strcmp */
    /* New node that we are creating */
    struct symbol *new_node_ptr;

    /* see if we have reached the end */
    if ((*node_ptr) == NULL) {
        new_node_ptr = (struct symbol *) malloc(sizeof(struct symbol));
        (void)strcpy(new_node_ptr->name, symbol);
        new_node_ptr->data = data;
        new_node_ptr->left_ptr = NULL;
        new_node_ptr->right_ptr = NULL;
        *node_ptr = new_node_ptr;
        return;
    }
    /*
     * Need to sub-divide the symbol table and try again
     */
    result = strcmp((*node_ptr)->name, symbol);

    if (result == 0)
        return;

    if (result > 0)
        enter(&(*node_ptr)->left_ptr, symbol, data);
    else
        enter(&(*node_ptr)->right_ptr, symbol, data);
}
/********************************************************
 * lookup -- lookup a symbol in a table                 *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      root -- root of the symbol table to search      *
 *      name -- name to lookup.                         *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      Pointer to the data or NULL if not found.       *
 ********************************************************/
generic *lookup(struct symbol *root_ptr, char *name)
{
    int result; /* Result of string compare */

    if (root_ptr == NULL) 
        return (NULL);

    result = strcmp(root_ptr->name, name);

    if (result == 0) {
        return (root_ptr->data);
    }

    if (result > 0)
        return (lookup(root_ptr->left_ptr, name));
    else 
        return (lookup(root_ptr->right_ptr, name));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/01_1.c0000644000076400001440000000012207055334404016465 #include 
main()
{
    (void) printf("Hello World\n");
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/01_2.c0000644000076400001440000000012207055334377016477 #include 
main()
{
    (void) printf("Hello World\n");
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/02_1.c0000644000076400001440000000136007055334404016473 /********************************************************
 * hello -- program to print out "Hello World".         *
 *      Not an especially earth-shattering program.     *
 *                                                      *
 * Author:  Steve Oualline                              *
 *                                                      *
 * Purpose:  Demonstration of a simple program          *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      Run the program and the message appears         *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
main()
{
    /* Tell the world hello */
    (void) printf("Hello World\n");
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/03_1.c0000644000076400001440000000005407055334366016502 main()
{
    (1 + 2) * 4;
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/03_2.c0000644000076400001440000000035307055334366016505 #include 

int term;       /* term used in two expressions */
int term_2;     /* twice term */
int term_3;     /* three times term */
main()
{

    term = 3 * 5;
    term_2 = 2 * term;
    term_3 = 3 * term;
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/03_3.c0000644000076400001440000000034207055334366016504 #include 

int term;       /* term used in two expressions */
main()
{

    term = 3 * 5;
    (void)printf("Twice %d is %d\n", term, 2*term);
    (void)printf("Three time %d is %d\n", term, 3*term);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/03_4.c0000644000076400001440000000050107055334404016473 #include 

char char1;     /* first character */
char char2;     /* second character */
char char3;     /* third character */

main()
{
    char1 = 'A';
    char2 = 'B';
    char3 = 'C';
    (void)printf("%c%c%c reversed is %c%c%c\n",
        char1, char2, char3,
        char3, char2, char1);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/04_1.c0000644000076400001440000000066607055334366016514 #include 

float data[5];  /* data to average and total */
float total;    /* the total of the data items */
float average;  /* average of the items */

main()
{
    data[0] = 34.0;
    data[1] = 27.0;
    data[2] = 45.0;
    data[3] = 82.0;
    data[4] = 22.0;

    total = data[0] + data[1] + data[2] + data[3] + data[4];
    average =  total / 5.0;
    (void)printf("Total %f Average %f\n", total, average);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/04_2.c0000644000076400001440000000033007055334366016501 #include 
#include 
char name[30];    /* First name of someone */
main()
{
    (void)strcpy(name, "Sam");    /* Initialize the name */
    (void)printf("The name is %s\n", name);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/04_3.c0000644000076400001440000000117107055334367016507 #include 
#include 

char first[100];        /* first name */
char last[100];         /* last name */
char full_name[200];    /* full version of first and last name */

main()
{
    (void)strcpy(first, "Steve");       /* Initialize first name */
    (void)strcpy(last, "Oualline");     /* Initialize last name */

    (void)strcpy(full_name, first);     /* full = "Steve" */
    /* Note: strcat not strcpy */
    (void)strcat(full_name, " ");       /* full = "Steve " */
    (void)strcat(full_name, last);      /* full = "Steve Oualline" */

    (void)printf("The full name is %s\n", full_name);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/04_4.c0000644000076400001440000000035007055334404016476 #include 
#include 

char line[100];

main()
{
    (void)printf("Enter a line: ");
    (void)fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);

    (void)printf("The length of the line is: %d\n", strlen(line));
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/04_5.c0000644000076400001440000000106507055334367016513 #include 
#include 

char first[100];        /* first name of person we are working with */
char last[100];         /* His last name */

/* First and last name of the person (computed) */
char full[200];         
main() {
    (void)printf("Enter first name: ");
    (void)fgets(first, sizeof(first), stdin);

    (void)printf("Enter last name: ");
    (void)fgets(last, sizeof(last), stdin);

    (void)strcpy(full, first);
    (void)strcat(full, " ");
    (void)strcat(full, last);

    (void)printf("The name is %s\n", full);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/04_6.c0000644000076400001440000000127507055334367016517 #include 
#include 

char first[100];        /* first name of person we are working with */
char last[100];         /* His last name */

/* First and last name of the person (computed) */
char full[100];         
main() {
    (void)printf("Enter first name: ");
    (void)fgets(first, sizeof(first), stdin);
    /* trim off last character */
    first[strlen(first)-1] = '\0';

    (void)printf("Enter last name: ");
    (void)fgets(last, sizeof(last), stdin);
    /* trim off last character */
    last[strlen(last)-1] = '\0';

    (void)strcpy(full, first);
    (void)strcat(full, " ");
    (void)strcat(full, last);

    (void)printf("The name is %s\n", full);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/04_7.c0000644000076400001440000000052007055334367016510 #include 
char  line[100];   /* input line from console */
int   value;       /* a value to double */

main()
{
    (void) printf("Enter a value: ");
    (void) fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
    (void) sscanf(line, "%d", &value);
    (void) printf("Twice %d is %d\n",
                  value, value * 2);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/05_1.c0000644000076400001440000000105007055334404016472 #include 
int   old_number;     /* previous Fibonacci number */

int   current_number; /* current Fibonacci number */

int   next_number;    /* next number in the series */

main()
{
    /* start things out */
    old_number = 1;
    current_number = 1;

    (void)printf("1\n");    /* Print first number */

    while (current_number < 100) {

        (void) printf("%d\n", current_number);
        next_number = current_number + old_number;

        old_number = current_number;
        current_number = next_number;
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/05_2.c0000644000076400001440000000107307055334367016510 #include 
char  line[100];/* line of data for input */

/* Running total of all numbers so far */
int   total;  

/* next item to add to the list */
int   item;   

main()
{
    total = 0;
    while (1) {
        (void) printf("Enter # to add \n");
        (void) printf("  or 0 to stop:");
        (void) fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void) sscanf(line, "%d", &item);
        if (item == 0)
            break;
        total += item;
        (void) printf("Total: %d\n", total);
    }
    (void) printf("Final total %d\n", total);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/05_3.c0000644000076400001440000000146607055334370016511 #include 
char  line[100];   /* line from input */

/* Running total of all numbers so far */
int   total;       

/* next item to add to the list */
int   item;        

/* number of negative items */
int   minus_items; 

main()
{
    total = 0;
    minus_items = 0;
    while (1) {
        (void) printf("Enter # to add\n");
        (void) printf("  or 0 to stop:");
        (void) fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void) sscanf(line, "%d", &item);

        if (item == 0)
            break;

        if (item < 0) {
            minus_items++;
            continue;
        }
        total += item;
        (void) printf("Total: %d\n", total);
    }

    (void) printf("Final total %d\n", total);
    (void) printf("with %d negative items omitted\n",
                   minus_items);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/06_1.c0000644000076400001440000000132507055334370016502 #include 
char  line[100];/* line of data from the input */

int   result;   /* the result of the calculations */
char  operator; /* operator the user specified */
int   value;    /* value specified after the operator */
main()
{
    result = 0; /* initialize the result */

    /* Loop forever (or till we hit the break statement) */
    while (1) {
        (void) printf("Result: %d\n", result);

        (void) printf("Enter operator and number: ");
        (void) fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void) sscanf(line, "%c %d", &operator, &value);

        if (operator = '+') {
            result += value;
        } else {
            (void) printf("Unknown operator %c\n", operator);
        }
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/06_2.c0000644000076400001440000000221407055334405016500 #include 
char  line[100];/* line of text from input */

int   result;   /* the result of the calculations */
char  operator; /* operator the user specified */
int   value;    /* value specified after the operator */
main()
{
    result = 0; /* initialize the result */

    /* loop forever (or until break reached) */
    while (1) {
        (void) printf("Result: %d\n", result);
        (void) printf("Enter operator and number: ");

        (void) fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void) sscanf(line, "%c %d", &operator, &value);

        if ((operator == 'q') || (operator == 'Q'))
            break;

        if (operator == '+') {
            result += value;
        } else if (operator == '-') {
            result -= value;
        } else if (operator == '*') {
            result *= value;
        } else if (operator == '/') {
            if (value == 0) {
                (void)printf("Error:Divide by zero\n");
                (void)printf("   operation ignored\n");
            } else
                result /= value;
        } else {
            (void) printf("Unknown operator %c\n", operator);
        }
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/06_3.c0000644000076400001440000000505207055334370016505 /********************************************************
 * guess -- a simple guessing game                      *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      guess                                           *
 *                                                      *
 *      A random number is chosen between 1 and 100.    *
 *      The player is given a set of bounds and         *
 *      must choose a number between them.              *
 *      If the player chooses the correct number he wins*
 *      Otherwise the bounds are adjusted to reflect    *
 *      the player's guess and the game continues.      *
 *                                                      *
 *                                                      *
 * Restrictions:                                        *
 *      The random number is generated by the statement *
 *      rand() % 100.  Because rand() returns a number  *
 *      0 <= rand() <= maxint  this slightly favors     *
 *      the lower numbers.                              *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include      /* ANSI Standard only */
int   number_to_guess;  /* random number to be guessed */
int   low_limit;        /* current lower limit of player's range */
int   high_limit;       /* current upper limit of player's range */
int   guess_count;      /* number of times player guessed */
int   player_number;    /* number gotten from the player */
char  line[80];         /* input buffer for a single line */
main()
{
    while (1) {
        /*
         * Not a pure random number, see restrictions 
         */
        number_to_guess = rand() % 100 + 1;

        /* Initialize variables for loop */
        low_limit = 0;
        high_limit = 100;
        guess_count = 0;

        while (1) {
            /* tell user what the bounds are and get his guess */
            (void) printf("Bounds %d - %d\n", low_limit, high_limit);
            (void) printf("Value[%d]? ", guess_count);

            guess_count++;

            (void) fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
            (void) sscanf(line, "%d", &player_number);

            /* did he guess right? */
            if (player_number == number_to_guess)
                break;

            /* adjust bounds for next guess */
            if (player_number < number_to_guess)
                low_limit = player_number;
            else
                high_limit = player_number;

        }
        (void) printf("Bingo\n");
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/07_1.c0000644000076400001440000000100607055334370016477 #include 

int total;      /* total of all the numbers */
int current;    /* current value from the user */
int counter;    /* while loop counter */

char line[80];  /* Line from keyboard */

main() {
    total = 0;

    counter = 0;
    while (counter < 5) {
        (void)printf("Number? ");

        (void)fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void)sscanf(line, "%d", ¤t);
        total += current;

        counter++;
    }
    (void)printf("The grand total is %d\n", total);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/07_2.c0000644000076400001440000000076507055334371016514 #include 

int total;      /* total of all the numbers */
int current;    /* current value from the user */
int counter;    /* for loop counter */

char line[80];  /* Input from keyboard */

main() {
    total = 0;
    for (counter = 0; counter < 5; counter++) {
        (void)printf("Number? ");

        (void)fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void)sscanf(line, "%d", ¤t);
        total += current;
    }
    (void)printf("The grand total is %d\n", total);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/07_3.c0000644000076400001440000000231407055334405016503 #include 
char  line[100];   /* line of text from input */

int   result;      /* the result of the calculations */
char  operator;    /* operator the user specified */
int   value;       /* value specified after the operator */
main()
{
    result = 0;    /* initialize the result */

    /* loop forever (or until break reached) */
    while (1) {
        (void) printf("Result: %d\n", result);
        (void) printf("Enter operator and number: ");

        (void) fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void) sscanf(line, "%c %d", &operator, &value);

        if ((operator == 'q') || (operator == 'Q'))
            break;
        switch (operator) {
        case '+':
            result += value;
            break;
        case '-':
            result -= value;
            break;
        case '*':
            result *= value;
            break;
        case '/':
            if (value == 0) {
                (void)printf("Error:Divide by zero\n");
                (void)printf("   operation ignored\n");
            } else
                result /= value;
            break;
        default:
            (void) printf("Unknown operator %c\n", operator);
            break;
        }
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/08_1.c0000644000076400001440000000051307055334371016503 #include 

main() {
    int counter;    /* loop counter */
    for (counter = 0; counter < 3; counter++) {
        int temporary = 1;
        static int permanent = 1;

        (void)printf("Temporary %d Permanent %d\n",
            temporary, permanent);
        temporary++;
        permanent++;
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/08_2.c0000644000076400001440000000161307055334371016506 #include 

main()
{
    /* Compute a triangle */
    float triangle(float width, float height);

    (void)printf("Triangle #1 %f\n", triangle(1.3, 8.3));
    (void)printf("Triangle #2 %f\n", triangle(4.8, 9.8));
    (void)printf("Triangle #3 %f\n", triangle(1.2, 2.O));
    return (0);
}

/********************************************
 * triangle -- compute area of a triangle   *
 *                                          *
 * Parameters                               *
 *   width -- width of the triangle         *
 *   height -- height of the triangle       *
 *                                          *
 * Returns                                  *
 *   area of the triangle                   *
 ********************************************/
float triangle(float width, float height)
{
    float area;     /* Area of the triangle */

    area = width * height / 2.0;
    return (area);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/08_3.c0000644000076400001440000000007707055334371016512 main()
{

    init();
    solve_problems();
    finish_up();
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/09_1.c0000644000076400001440000000040007055334405016475 int data[10];    /* some data */
int twice[10];   /* twice some data */

main()
{
    int index;   /* index into the data */

    for (index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
        data[index] = index;
        twice[index] = index * 2;
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/09_2.c0000644000076400001440000000045407055334371016511 #define SIZE 20    /* work on 20 elements */

int data[SIZE];    /* some data */
int twice[SIZE];   /* twice some data */

main()
{
    int index;   /* index into the data */

    for (index = 0; index < SIZE; index++) {
    data[index] = index;
    twice[index] = index * 2;
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/09_3.c0000644000076400001440000000036607055334371016514 #define BIG_NUMBER 10 ** 10

main()
{
    /* index for our calculations */
    int   index;                

    index = 0;

    /* syntax error on next line */
    while (index < BIG_NUMBER) {
        index = index * 8;
    }
    return (0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/09_4.c0000644000076400001440000000037507055334371016515 #include 
#define SQR(x) (x * x)

main()
{
    int counter;    /* counter for loop */

    for (counter = 0; counter < 5; counter++) {
        (void)printf("x %d, x squared %d\n",
            counter+1, SQR(counter+1));
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/09_5.c0000644000076400001440000000035607055334405016513 #include 
#define SQR(x) ((x) * (x))

main()
{
    int counter;    /* counter for loop */

    counter = 0;
    while (counter < 5)
        (void)printf("x %d square %d\n",
            counter, SQR(counter++));
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/10_1.c0000644000076400001440000000253007055334372016476 #include 

#define X_SIZE 40 /* size of array in the X direction */
#define Y_SIZE 60 /* size of the array in Y direction */
/*
 * We use X_SIZE/8 since we pack 8 bits per byte
 */
char graphics[X_SIZE / 8][Y_SIZE];   /* the graphics data */

#define SET_BIT(x,y) graphics[(x)/8][y] |= (0x80 >>((x)%8))

main()
{
    int   loc;        /* current location we are setting */
    void  print_graphics(void); /* print the data */

    for (loc = 0; loc < X_SIZE; loc++)
        SET_BIT(loc, loc);

    print_graphics();
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * print_graphics -- print the graphics bit array       *
 *              as a set of X and .'s.                  *
 ********************************************************/
void print_graphics(void)
{
    int x;     /* current x BYTE */
    int y;     /* current y location */
    int bit;   /* bit we are testing in the current byte */

    for (y = 0; y < Y_SIZE; y++) {
        /* Loop for each byte in the array */
        for (x = 0; x < X_SIZE / 8; x++) {
            /* Handle each bit */
            for (bit = 0x80; bit > 0; bit = (bit >> 1)) {
                if ((graphics[x][y] & bit) != 0)
                    (void) printf("X");
                else
                    (void) printf(".");
            }
        }
        (void) printf("\n");
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/11_1.c0000644000076400001440000000122007055334372016472 /*
 * Define a variable to hold an integer or 
 * a real number (but not both)
 */
union value {
    long int i_value;   /* The real number */
    float f_value;      /* The floating-point number */
} data;
int i;                  /* Random integer */
float f;                /* Random floating-point number */
main()
{
    data.f_value = 5.0;
    data.i_value = 3;   /* data.f_value overwritten */
    i = data.i_value;   /* legal */
    f = data.f_value;   /* not legal, will generate unexpected results */
    data.f_value = 5.5; /* put something in f_value/clobber i_value */
    i = data.i_value;   /* not legal, will generate unexpected results */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_1.c0000644000076400001440000000107207055334353016477 #include 
main()
{
    int   thing_var;  /* define a variable for thing */
    int  *thing_ptr;  /* define a pointer to thing */

    thing_var = 2;      /* assigning a value to thing */
    (void)printf("Thing %d\n", thing_var);

    thing_ptr = &thing_var; /* make the pointer point to thing */
    *thing_ptr = 3;     /* thing_ptr points to thing_var so */
                        /* thing_var changes to 3 */
    (void)printf("Thing %d\n", thing_var);

    /* another way of doing the printf */
    (void)printf("Thing %d\n", *thing_ptr);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_2.c0000644000076400001440000000040407055334354016477 #include 
main()
{
    int  count = 0;     /* number of times through */

    void inc_count(int *);/* update the counter */

    while (count < 10)
        inc_count(&count);

    return (0);
}

void inc_count(int *count_ptr)
{
    (*count_ptr)++;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_3.c0000644000076400001440000000062307055334354016503 #define ARRAY_SIZE 10   /* Number of characters in array */
/* Array to print */
char array[ARRAY_SIZE] = "012345678";   

main()
{
    int index;  /* Index into the array */

    for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE; index++) {
        (void)printf(
            "&array[index]=0x%x (array+index)=0x%x array[index]=0x%x\n",
            &array[index], (array+index), array[index]);
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_4.c0000644000076400001440000000037507055334405016505 #include 

int array[10] = {4, 5, 8, 9, 8, 1, 0, 1, 9, 3};
int index;

main()
{
    index = 0;
    while (array[index] != 0)
        index++;

    (void) printf("Number of elements before zero %d\n",
                  index);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_5.c0000644000076400001440000000043307055334354016504 #include 

int array[10] = {4, 5, 8, 9, 8, 1, 0, 1, 9, 3};
int *array_ptr;

main()
{
    array_ptr = array;

    while ((*array_ptr) != 0)
        array_ptr++;

    (void) printf("Number of elements before zero %d\n",
                  array_ptr - array);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_6.c0000644000076400001440000000256107055334354016511 #define MAX 10
main()
{
    int  array[MAX];

    void init_array_1();
    void init_array_2();

    /* one way of initializing the array */
    init_array_1(array);

    /* another way of initializing the array */
    init_array_1(&array[0]);

    /* works, but the compiler generates a warning */
    init_array_1(&array);

    /* Similar to the first method but  */
    /*    function is different */
    init_array_2(array);

    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * init_array_1 -- Zero out an array                    *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      data -- the array to zero                       *
 ********************************************************/
void init_array_1(int data[])
{
    int  index;

    for (index = 0; index < MAX; index++)
        data[index] = 0;
}

/********************************************************
 * init_array_2 -- Zero out an array                    *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      data_ptr -- pointer to array to zero            *
 ********************************************************/
void init_array_2(int *data_ptr)
{
    int index;

    for (index = 0; index < MAX; index++)
        *(data_ptr + index) = 0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_7.c0000644000076400001440000000413307055334355016510 /********************************************************
 * split -- split an entry of the form Last/First       *
 *      into two parts.                                 *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include 

/* Our version of the library function */
char *strchr(char *, char);

main()
{
    char line[80];      /* The input line */
    char *first_ptr;    /* pointer to the first name */
    char *last_ptr;     /* pointer to the last name */

    (void)fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);

    /* Get rid of trailing newline */
    line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';        

    last_ptr = line;    /* last name is at beginning of line */

    first_ptr = strchr(line, '/');      /* Find slash */

    /* Check for an error */
    if (first_ptr == NULL) {
        (void)fprintf(stderr,
            "Error: Unable to find slash in %s\n", line);
        exit (8);
    }

    *first_ptr = '\0';  /* Zero out the slash */

    first_ptr++;        /* Move to first character of name */

    (void)printf("First:%s Last:%s\n", first_ptr, last_ptr);
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * strchr -- find a character in a string               *
 *      Duplicate of a standard library function,       *
 *      put here for illustrative purposes.             *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      string_ptr -- string to look through            *
 *      find -- character to find                       *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to 1st occurrence of character          *
 *      in string or NULL for error                     *
 ********************************************************/
char *strchr(char * string_ptr, char find)
{
    while (*string_ptr != find) {

       /* Check for end */

       if (*string_ptr == '\0')
           return (NULL);       /* not found */

        string_ptr++;
    }
    return (string_ptr);        /* Found */
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/12_8.c0000644000076400001440000000627607055334406016520 /********************************************************
 * print -- format files for printing                   *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include       /* ANSI Standard only */

int verbose = 0;         /* verbose mode (default = false) */
char *out_file = "print.out";   /* output filename */
char *program_name;      /* name of the program (for errors) */
int line_max = 66;       /* number of lines per page */

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    void do_file(char *); /* print a file */
    void usage(void);     /* tell user how to use the program */

    /* save the program name for future use */
    program_name = argv[0];

    /* 
     * loop for each option.  
     *   Stop if we run out of arguments
     *   or we get an argument without a dash.
     */
    while ((argc > 1) && (argv[1][0] == '-')) {
        /*
         * argv[1][1] is the actual option character.
         */
        switch (argv[1][1]) {
            /*
             * -v verbose 
             */
            case 'v':
                verbose = 1; 
                break;
            /*
             * -o  output file
             *    [0] is the dash
             *    [1] is the "o"
             *    [2] starts the name
             */
            case 'o':
                out_file = &argv[1][2];
                break;
            /*
             * -l set max number of lines
             */
            case 'l':
                line_max = atoi(&argv[1][2]);
                break;
            default:
                (void)fprintf(stderr,"Bad option %s\n", argv[1]);
                usage();
        }
        /*
         * move the argument list up one
         * move the count down one
         */
        argv++;
        argc--;
    }

    /*
     * At this point all the options have been processed.
     * Check to see if we have no files in the list
     * and if so, we need to process just standard in.
     */
    if (argc == 1) {
        do_file("print.in");
    } else {
        while (argc > 1) {
          do_file(argv[1]);
          argv++;
          argc--;
        }
    }
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * do_file -- dummy routine to handle a file            *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameter                                            *
 *      name -- name of the file to print               *
 ********************************************************/
void do_file(char *name)
{
    (void)printf("Verbose %d Lines %d Input %s Output %s\n",
        verbose, line_max, name, out_file);
}
/********************************************************
 * usage -- tell the user how to use this program and   *
 *              exit                                    *
 ********************************************************/
void usage(void)
{
    (void)fprintf(stderr,"Usage is %s [options] [file-list]\n", 
                                program_name);
    (void)fprintf(stderr,"Options\n");
    (void)fprintf(stderr,"  -v          verbose\n");
    (void)fprintf(stderr,"  -l  Number of lines\n");
    (void)fprintf(stderr,"  -o    Set output filename\n");
    exit (8);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/13_1.c0000644000076400001440000000125407055334355016504 #include 
#define FILE_NAME "input.txt"
#include      /* ANSI Standard C file */

main()
{
    int             count = 0;  /* number of characters seen */
    FILE           *in_file;    /* input file */

    /* character or EOF flag from input */
    int             ch;

    in_file = fopen(FILE_NAME, "r");
    if (in_file == NULL) {
        (void)printf("Can not open %s\n", FILE_NAME);
        exit(8);
    }

    while (1) {
        ch = fgetc(in_file);
        if (ch == EOF)
            break;
        count++;
    }
    (void) printf("Number of characters in %s is %d\n",
                  FILE_NAME, count);

    (void) fclose(in_file);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/13_2.c0000644000076400001440000000412607055334356016507 /****************************************
 * copy -- copy one file to another.    *
 *                                      *
 * Usage                                *
 *      copy                  *
 *                                      *
 *  -- the file to copy from      *
 *    -- the file to copy into      *
 ****************************************/
#include 
#ifndef __MSDOS__       /* if we are not MS-DOS */
#define __UNIX__        /* then we are UNIX */
#endif __MSDOS__

#include      /* ANSI Standard C file */

#ifdef __UNIX__
#include   /* file defines for UNIX filesystem */
#include 
#include 
#endif __UNIX__

#ifdef __MSDOS__
#include      /* file defines for DOS filesystem */
#include 
#include 
#endif __MSDOS__

void  exit();                   /* lib routine */

#define BUFFER_SIZE (16 * 1024) /* use 16K buffers */

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char  buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];  /* buffer for data */
    int   in_file;              /* input file descriptor */
    int   out_file;             /* output file descriptor */
    int   read_size;            /* number of bytes on last read */

    if (argc != 3) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Error:Wrong number of arguments\n");
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Usage is: copy  \n");
        exit(8);
    }
    in_file = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
    if (in_file < 0) {
        (void) fprintf("Error:Unable to open %s\n", argv[1]);
        exit(8);
    }
    out_file = open(argv[2], O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, 0666);
    if (out_file < 0) {
        (void) fprintf("Error:Unable to open %s\n", argv[2]);
        exit(8);
    }
    while (1) {
        read_size = read(in_file, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

        if (read_size == 0)
            break;              /* end of file */

        if (read_size < 0) {
            (void) fprintf(stderr, "Error:Read error\n");
            exit(8);
        }
        (void) write(out_file, buffer, (unsigned int) read_size);
    }
    (void) close(in_file);
    (void) close(out_file);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/15_1.c0000644000076400001440000000133207055334407016501 #include 
main()
{
    /* two numbers to work with */
    float number1, number2;
    float result;               /* result of calculation */
    int   counter;              /* loop counter and accuracy check */

    number1 = 1.0;
    number2 = 1.0;
    counter = 0;

    while (number1 + number2 != number1) {
        counter++;
        number2 = number2 / 10.0;
    }
    (void) printf("%2d digits accuracy in calculations\n", counter);

    number2 = 1.0;
    counter = 0;

    while (1) {
        result = number1 + number2;
        if (result == number1)
            break;
        counter++;
        number2 = number2 / 10.0;
    }
    (void) printf("%2d digits accuracy in storage\n", counter);
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/16_1.c0000644000076400001440000000017307055334362016504 #include      /* using ANSI C standard libraries */
main()
{
    char *string_ptr;

    string_ptr = malloc(80);
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/16_2.c0000644000076400001440000000174507055334362016513 /********************************************************
 * find -- look for a data item in the list             *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      name -- name to look for in the list            *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      1 if name is found                              *
 *      0 if name is not found                          *
 ********************************************************/
int file(char *name)
{
    /* current structure we are looking at */
    struct linked_list *current_ptr;

    current_ptr = first_ptr;

    while ((strcmp(current_ptr->data, name) != 0) &&
           (current_ptr != NULL))
        current_ptr = current_ptr->next_ptr;

    /*
     * If current_ptr is null, we fell off the end of the list and
     * didn't find the name
     */
    return (current_ptr != NULL);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/16_3.c0000644000076400001440000001244007055334363016507 /********************************************************
 * words -- scan a file and print out a list of words   *
 *              in ASCII order.                         *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      words                                     *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include      /* ANSI Standard only */

struct node {
    struct node    *right;      /* tree to the right */
    struct node    *left;       /* tree to the left */
    char           *word;       /* word for this tree */
};

/* the top of the tree */
static struct node *root = NULL;

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    void scan(char *);  /* scan the files for words */
    void print_tree(struct node *);/* print the words in the file */

    if (argc != 2) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Error:Wrong number of parameters\n");
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "      on the command line\n");
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Usage is:\n");
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "    words 'file'\n");
        exit(8);
    }
    scan(argv[1]);
    print_tree(root);
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * scan -- scan the file for words                      *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      name -- name of the file to scan                *
 ********************************************************/
void scan(char *name)
{
    char word[100];     /* word we are working on */
    int  index;         /* index into the word */
    int  ch;            /* current character */
    FILE *in_file;      /* input file */

    /* enter a word into the tree */
    void enter(struct node **, char *);

    in_file = fopen(name, "r");
    if (in_file == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, 
            "Error:Unable to open %s\n", name);
        exit(8);
    }
    while (1) {
        /* scan past the whitespace */
        while (1) {
            ch = fgetc(in_file);

            if (isalpha(ch) || (ch == EOF))
                break;
        }

        if (ch == EOF)
            break;

        word[0] = ch;
        for (index = 1; index < sizeof(word); index++) {
            ch = fgetc(in_file);
            if (!isalpha(ch))
                break;
            word[index] = ch;
        }
        /* put a null on the end */
        word[index] = '\0';

        enter(&root, word);
    }
    (void) fclose(in_file);
}
/********************************************************
 * enter -- enter a word into the tree                  *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      node -- current node we are looking at          *
 *      word -- word to enter                           *
 ********************************************************/
void enter(struct node **node, char *word)
{
    int  result;        /* result of strcmp */

    char *save_string(char *);  /* save a string on the heap */
    void memory_error(void);    /* tell user no more room */

    /* see if we have reached the end */
    if ((*node) == NULL) {
        (*node) = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
        if ((*node) == NULL)
            memory_error();
        (*node)->left = NULL;
        (*node)->right = NULL;
        (*node)->word = save_string(word);
    }
    result = strcmp((*node)->word, word);
    if (result == 0)
        return;
    if (result < 0)
        enter(&(*node)->right, word);
    else
        enter(&(*node)->left, word);
}
/********************************************************
 * save_string -- save a string on the heap             *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      string -- string to save                        *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to malloc-ed section of memory with     *
 *      the string copied into it.                      *
 ********************************************************/
char *save_string(char *string)
{
    char *new_string;   /* where we are going to put string */

    new_string = malloc((unsigned) (strlen(string) + 1));
    if (new_string == NULL)
        memory_error();
    (void) strcpy(new_string, string);
    return (new_string);
}
/********************************************************
 * memory_error -- write error and die                  *
 ********************************************************/
void memory_error(void)
{
    (void) fprintf(stderr, "Error:Out of memory\n");
    exit(8);
}
/********************************************************
 * print_tree -- print out the words in a tree          *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      top -- the root of the tree to print            *
 ********************************************************/
void print_tree(struct node *top)
{
    if (top == NULL)
        return;                 /* short tree */

    print_tree(top->left);
    (void) printf("%s\n", top->word);
    print_tree(top->right);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/17_1.c0000644000076400001440000001124507055334410016501 /********************************************************
 * infinite-array -- routines to handle infinite arrays *
 *                                                      *
 * An infinite array is an array that grows as needed.  *
 * There is no index too large for an infinite array    *
 * (unless we run out of memory).                       *
 ********************************************************/
#include "ia.h"                 /* get common definitions */
#include 
#include      /* ANSI Standard only */

/*
 * the following three variables implement
 * a very simple pointer cache
 *
 * They store information on the last infinite array used,
 *       the last bucket we had and the last index used
 *
 * They are initialized to values we know will never
 * be used by any real array.
 */
static struct infinite_array *cache_array_ptr = NULL;
static struct infinite_array *cache_bucket_ptr = NULL;
static int cache_index = -1;
/********************************************************
 * ia_store -- store an element into an infinite array. *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      array_ptr -- pointer to the array to use        *
 *      index   -- index into the array                 *
 *      store_data -- data to store                     *
 ********************************************************/
void  ia_store(struct infinite_array * array_ptr, 
    int index, float store_data)
{
    /* pointer to the current bucket */
    struct infinite_array *current_ptr;
    int   current_index;        /* index into the current bucket */

    /* get the location in an infinite array cell */
    struct infinite_array *ia_locate(
       struct infinite_array *, int, int *);

    current_ptr = ia_locate(array_ptr, index, ¤t_index);
    current_ptr->data[current_index] = store_data;
}
/********************************************************
 * ia_get -- get an element from an infinite array.     *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      array_ptr -- pointer to the array to use        *
 *      index   -- index into the array                 *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      the value of the element                        *
 ********************************************************/
float ia_get(struct infinite_array *array_ptr, int index)
{
    /* pointer to the current bucket */
    struct infinite_array *current_ptr;
    int   current_index;        /* index into the current bucket */

    /* get the location an infinite array cell */
    struct infinite_array *ia_locate();

    current_ptr = ia_locate(array_ptr, index, ¤t_index);
    return (current_ptr->data[current_index]);
}
/********************************************************
 * ia_locate -- get the location of an infinite array   *
 *              element.                                *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      array_ptr -- pointer to the array to use        *
 *      index   -- index into the array                 *
 *      current_index -- pointer to the index into this *
 *              bucket (returned)                       *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      pointer to the current bucket                   *
 ********************************************************/
static struct infinite_array ia_locate(
        struct infinite_array *array_ptr, int index
        int *current_index_ptr)
{
    /* pointer to the current bucket */
    struct infinite_array *current_ptr;

    /* see if the cache will do us any good */
    if ((cache_array_ptr == array_ptr) && (index >= cache_index)) {
        current_ptr = cache_bucket_ptr;
        *current_index_ptr = index - cache_index;
    } else {
        current_ptr = array_ptr;
        *current_index_ptr = index;
    }

    while (*current_index_ptr > BLOCK_SIZE) {
        if (current_ptr->next == NULL) {
            current_ptr->next =
                (struct infinite_array *)
                malloc(sizeof(struct infinite_array));
            if (current_ptr->next == NULL) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "Error:Out of memory\n");
                exit(8);
            }
        }
        current_ptr = current_ptr->next;
        *current_index_ptr -= BLOCK_SIZE;
    }

    cache_index = index - (index % BLOCK_SIZE);
    cache_array_ptr = array_ptr;
    cache_bucket_ptr = current_ptr;

    return (current_ptr);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/17_2.c0000644000076400001440000001074707055334365016521 /********************************************************
 * hist -- generate a histogram of an array of numbers  *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage                                                *
 *      hist                                      *
 *                                                      *
 * Where                                                *
 *      file is the name of the file to work on         *
 ********************************************************/
#include "ia.h"
#include 
#include      /* ANSI Standard only */
#include 
/*
 * the following definitions define the histogram
 */
#define NUMBER_OF_LINES 50
#define LOW_BOUND 0.0
#define HIGH_BOUND 99.0
/*
 * if we have NUMBER_OF_LINES data to 
 * output then each item must use
 * the following factor
 */
#define FACTOR \
  ((HIGH_BOUND - LOW_BOUND) / ((float) (NUMBER_OF_LINES-1)))

/* number of characters wide to make the histogram */
#define WIDTH 60   

static struct infinite_array data_array;
static int data_items;

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    void  read_data(char *);    /* get the data into the array */
    void  print_histogram(void);/* print the data */

    if (argc != 2) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, 
               "Error:Wrong number of arguments\n");
        (void) fprintf(stderr, 
               "Usage is:\n");
        (void) fprintf(stderr, 
               "  hist \n");
        exit(8);
    }
    ia_init(&data_array);
    data_items = 0;

    read_data(argv[1]);
    print_histogram();
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * read_data -- read data from the input file into      *
 *              the data_array.                         *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      name -- the name of the file to read            *
 ********************************************************/
void read_data(char *name)
{
    char  line[100];    /* line from input file */
    FILE *in_file; /* input file */
    float data;    /* data from input */

    in_file = fopen(name, "r");
    if (in_file == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, 
               "Error:Unable to open %s\n", name);
        exit(8);
    }
    while (1) {
        if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in_file) == NULL)
            break;

        if (sscanf(line, "%f", &data) != 1) {
            (void) fprintf(stderr,
              "Error: Input data not floating point number\n");
            (void) fprintf(stderr, "Line:%s", line);
        }
        ia_store(&data_array, data_items, data);
        data_items++;
    }
    fclose(in_file);
}
/********************************************************
 * print_histogram -- print the histogram output.       *
 ********************************************************/
void  print_histogram(void)
{
    /* upper bound for printout */
    int   counters[NUMBER_OF_LINES];    
    float low;          /* lower bound for printout */
    int   out_of_range = 0;/* number of items out of bounds */
    int   max_count = 0;/* biggest counter */
    float scale;        /* scale for outputting dots */
    int   index;        /* index into the data */

    (void) memset((char *) counters, '\0', sizeof(counters));

    for (index = 0; index < data_items; index++) {
        float data;/* data for this point */

        data = ia_get(&data_array, index);

        if ((data < LOW_BOUND) || (data > HIGH_BOUND))
            out_of_range++;
        else {
            /* index into counters array */
            int   count_index;

            count_index = (data - LOW_BOUND) / FACTOR;

            counters[count_index]++;
            if (counters[count_index] > max_count)
                max_count = counters[count_index];
        }
    }

    scale = ((float) max_count) / ((float) WIDTH);

    low = LOW_BOUND;
    for (index = 0; index < NUMBER_OF_LINES; index++) {
        /* index for outputting the dots */
        int   char_index;
        int   number_of_dots;   /* number of * to output */

        (void) printf("%2d:%3.0f-%3.0f (%4d): ",
                      index, low, low + FACTOR -1, 
                      counters[index]);

        number_of_dots = (int) (((float) counters[index]) / scale);
        for (char_index = 0; char_index < number_of_dots;
             char_index++)
            (void) printf("*");
        (void) printf("\n");
        low += FACTOR;
    }
    (void) printf("%d items out of range\n", out_of_range);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/makefile.unix0000644000076400001440000000047207055334377020364 SRCS=tlint.c macros.c symbol.c fonts.c
OBJS=tlint.o macros.o symbol.o fonts.o

tlint:$(OBJS)
        cc $(CFLAGS) -o tlint $(OBJS)

lint:
        lint -xh $(SRCS)

fonts.o: fonts.c gen.h symbol.h

macros.o: font.h gen.h macro.h macros.c symbol.h

symbol.o: symbol.c symbol.h

tlint.o: font.h gen.h macro.h tlint.c
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_01.c0000644000076400001440000000451507055334357016572 /********************************************************
 * Database -- A very simple database program to        *
 *              look up names in a hardcoded list.      *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      database                                        *
 *              Program will ask you for a name.        *
 *              Enter the name; it will tell you if     *
 *              it is the list.                         *
 *                                                      *
 *              A blank name terminates the program.    *
 ********************************************************/
#define STRING_LENGTH 80        /* Length of typical string */
#include 

main()
{
    char name[STRING_LENGTH];   /* a name to lookup */

    int lookup(char *); /* lookup a name */

    while (1) {
        (void)printf("Enter name: ");
        (void)fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);

        /* Check for blank name  */
        /* (remember 1 character for newline) */
        if (strlen(name) <= 1)
            break;

        /* Get rid of newline */
        name[strlen(name)-1] = '\0';

        if (lookup(name)) 
            (void)printf("%s is in the list\n", name);
        else
            (void)printf("%s is not in the list\n", name);
    }
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * lookup -- lookup a name in a list                    *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      name -- name to lookup                          *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      1 -- name in the list                           *
 *      0 -- name not in the list                       *
 ********************************************************/
int lookup(char *name)
{
    /* List of people in the database */
    /* Note: Last name is a NULL for end of list */
    static char *list[] = {
        "John",
        "Jim",
        "Jane",
        "Clyde",
        NULL
    };

    int index;          /* index into list */

    for (index = 0; list[index] != NULL; index++) {
        if (strcmp(list[index], name) == 0)
            return (1);
    }
    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_02.c0000644000076400001440000000240007055334403016552 #include 
/*
 * The main program will open this file if -S is on 
 * the command line.
 */
FILE *save_file = NULL; 
/********************************************************
 * extended_fgets -- get a line from the input file     *
 *              and record it in a save file if needed. *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      line -- the line to read                        *
 *      size -- sizeof(line) -- maximum number of       *
 *                      characters to read              *
 *      file -- file to read data from                  *
 *              (normally stdin)                        *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      NULL -- error or end of file in read            *
 *      otherwise line (just like fgets)                *
 ********************************************************/
char *extended_fgets(char *line, int size, FILE *file)
{

    char *result;               /* result of fgets */

    result = fgets(line, size, file);

    /* did someone ask for a save file */
    if (save_file != NULL) 
        (void)fputs(line, save_file);

    return (result);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_03.c0000644000076400001440000000363507055334356016575 /********************************************************
 * Database -- A very simple database program to        *
 *              lookup names in a hardcoded list.       *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      database [-S]                             *
 *                                                      *
 *      -S        Specify save file for           *
 *                      debugging purposes              *
 *                                                      *
 *              Program will ask you for a name.        *
 *              Enter the name; it will tell you if     *
 *              it is the list.                         *
 *                                                      *
 *              A blank name terminates the program.    *
 ********************************************************/
#include 

FILE *save_file = NULL; /* Save file if any */
char *extended_fgets(char *, int, FILE *);

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char name[80];      /* a name to lookup */
    char *save_file_name; /* Name of the save file */

    int lookup(char *); /* lookup a name */

    while ((argc > 1) && (argv[1][0] == '-')) {
        switch (argv[1][1]) {
            case 'S':
                save_file_name = &argv[1][2];
                save_file = fopen(save_file_name, "w");
                if (save_file == NULL) 
                    (void)fprintf(stderr,
                        "Warning:Unable to open save file %s\n",
                        save_file_name);
                break;
            default:
                (void)fprintf(stderr,"Bad option: %s\n", argv[1]);
                exit (8);
        }
        argc--;
        argv++;
    }    


    while (1) {
        (void)printf("Enter name: ");
        (void)extended_fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);

        /* ... Rest of program ... */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_04.c0000644000076400001440000000312607055334360016564 #include 
FILE *save_file = NULL;         /* Save input in this file */
FILE *playback_file = NULL;     /* Playback data from this file */
/********************************************************
 * extended_fgets -- get a line from the input file     *
 *              and record it in a save file if needed  *
 *                                                      *
 * Parameters                                           *
 *      line -- the line to read                        *
 *      size -- sizeof(line) -- maximum number of       *
 *                      characters to read              *
 *      file -- file to read data from                  *
 *              (normally stdin)                        *
 *                                                      *
 * Returns                                              *
 *      NULL -- error or end of file in read            *
 *      otherwise line (just like fgets)                *
 ********************************************************/
char *extended_fgets(char *line, int size, FILE *file)
{
    extern FILE *save_file;     /* file to save strings in */
    extern FILE *playback_file; /* file for alternate input */

    char *result;               /* result of fgets */

    if (playback_file != NULL) {
        result = fgets(line, size, file);
        /* echo the input to the standard out so the user sees it */
        (void)fputs(line, stdout);
    } else
        result = fgets(line, size, file);

    /* did someone ask for a save file */
    if (save_file != NULL) 
        (void)fputs(line, save_file);

    return (result);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_05.c0000644000076400001440000000503707055334360016570 /********************************************************
 * Database -- A very simple database program to        *
 *              lookup names in a hardcoded list.       *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      database [-S] [-P]                  *
 *                                                      *
 *      -S        Specify save file for           *
 *                      debugging purposes.             *
 *                                                      *
 *      -P        Specify playback file for       *
 *                      debugging or demonstration.     *
 *                                                      *
 *                                                      *
 *              Program will ask you for a name.        *
 *              Enter the name; it will tell you if     *
 *              it is the list.                         *
 *                                                      *
 *              A blank name terminates the program.    *
 ********************************************************/
#include 

FILE *save_file = NULL; /* Save file if any */
FILE *playback_file = NULL;     /* Playback file if any */
char *extended_fgets(char *, int, FILE *);

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char name[80];      /* a name to lookup */
    char *save_file_name; /* Name of the save file */
    char *playback_file_name; /* Name of the playback file */

    int lookup(char *); /* lookup a name */

    while ((argc > 1) && (argv[1][0] == '-')) {
        switch (argv[1][1]) {
            case 'S':
                save_file_name = &argv[1][2];
                save_file = fopen(save_file_name, "w");
                if (save_file == NULL) 
                    (void)fprintf(stderr,
                        "Warning:Unable to open save file %s\n",
                        save_file_name);
                break;
            case 'P':
                playback_file_name = &argv[1][2];
                playback_file = fopen(playback_file_name, "r");
                if (playback_file == NULL) {
                    (void)fprintf(stderr,
                        "Error:Unable to open playback file %s\n",
                        playback_file_name);
                    exit (8);
                }
                break;
            default:
                (void)fprintf(stderr,"Bad option: %s\n", argv[1]);
                exit (8);
        }
        argc--;
        argv++;
    }    

    /* ... rest of program ... */
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_06.c0000644000076400001440000000202007055334361016557 #include 
int seven_count;    /* number of seven's in the data */
int data[5];        /* the data to count 3 and 7 in */
int three_count;    /* the number of threes in the data */

main() {
    int index;  /* index into the data */
    void get_data(int data[]);

    seven_count = 0;
    three_count = 0;
    get_data(data);

    for (index = 1; index <= 5; index++) {
        if (data[index] == 3)
            three_count++;
        if (data[index] == 7)
        seven_count++;
    }
    (void)printf("Three's %d Seven's %d\n", 
            three_count, seven_count);
    return (0);
}
/********************************************************
 * get_data -- get 5 numbers from the command line      *
 ********************************************************/
void get_data(int data[])
{
    char line[100];     /* line of input */

    (void)printf("Enter 5 numbers\n");
    (void)fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
    (void)sscanf(line, "%d %d %d %d %d", 
        &data[1], &data[2], &data[3],
        &data[4], &data[5]);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_07.c0000644000076400001440000000434607055334404016573 /********************************************************
 * search -- Search a set of numbers.                   *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      search                                          *
 *              you will be asked numbers to lookup     *
 *                                                      *
 * Files:                                               *
 *      numbers.dat -- numbers 1 per line to search     *
 *                      (Numbers must be ordered)       *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#define MAX_NUMBERS     1000           /* Max numbers in file */
#define DATA_FILE       "numbers.dat"  /* File with numbers */

int data[MAX_NUMBERS];  /* Array of numbers to search */
int max_count;          /* Number of valid elements in data */
main()
{
    FILE *in_file;      /* Input file */
    int middle;         /* Middle of our search range */
    int low, high;      /* Upper/lower bound */
    int search;         /* number to search for */
    char line[80];      /* Input line */

    in_file = fopen(DATA_FILE, "r");
    if (in_file == NULL) {
        (void)fprintf(stderr,"Error:Unable to open %s\n", DATA_FILE);
        exit (8);
    }

    /*
     * Read in data 
     */

    max_count = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (fgets(line, sizeof(line),  in_file) == NULL)
            break;

        /* convert number */
        (void)sscanf(line, "%d", data[max_count]);
        max_count++;
    }

    while (1) {
        (void)printf("Enter number to search for or -1 to quit:" );
        (void)fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void)sscanf(line, "%d", &search);

        if (search == -1)
            break;

        low = 0;
        high = max_count;

        while (1) {
            middle = (low + high) / 2;

            if (data[middle] == search) {
                (void)printf("Found at index %d\n", middle);
            }

            if (low == high) {
                (void)printf("Not found\n");
                break;
            }

            if (data[middle] < search)
                low = middle;
            else
                high = middle;
        }
   }
   return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_08.c0000644000076400001440000000437607055334362016602 /********************************************************
 * search -- Search a set of numbers.                   *
 *                                                      *
 * Usage:                                               *
 *      search                                          *
 *              you will be asked numbers to lookup     *
 *                                                      *
 * Files:                                               *
 *      numbers.dat -- numbers 1 per line to search     *
 *                      (Numbers must be ordered)       *
 ********************************************************/
#include 
#define MAX_NUMBERS     1000    /* Max numbers in file */
#define DATA_FILE       "numbers.dat"   /* File with numbers */

int data[MAX_NUMBERS];  /* Array of numbers to search */
int max_count;          /* Number of valid elements in data */
main()
{
    FILE *in_file;      /* Input file */
    int middle;         /* Middle of our search range */
    int low, high;      /* Upper/lower bound */
    int search;         /* number to search for */
    char line[80];      /* Input line */

    in_file = fopen(DATA_FILE, "r");
    if (in_file == NULL) {
        (void)fprintf(stderr,"Error:Unable to open %s\n", DATA_FILE);
        exit (8);
    }

    /*
     * Read in data 
     */

    max_count = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (fgets(line, sizeof(line),  in_file) == NULL)
            break;

        /* convert number */
        (void)sscanf(line, "%d", &data[max_count]);
        max_count++;
    }

    while (1) {
        (void)printf("Enter number to search for or -1 to quit:" );
        (void)fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin);
        (void)sscanf(line, "%d", &search);

        if (search == -1)
            break;

        low = 0;
        high = max_count;

        while (1) {
            if (low >= high) {
                (void)printf("Not found\n");
                break;
            }

            middle = (low + high) / 2;

            if (data[middle] == search) {
                (void)printf("Found at index %d\n", middle);
                break;
            }

            if (data[middle] < search)
                low = middle +1;
            else
                high = middle -1;
        }
   }
   return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_09.c0000644000076400001440000000046307055334362016574 
float point_color(point_number)
int point_number;
{
    float correction;  /* color correction factor */
    extern float red,green,blue;/* current colors */

    correction = lookup(point_number);
    return (red*correction * 100.0 + 
            blue*correction * 10.0 +
            green*correction);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_10.c0000644000076400001440000000037407055334406016564 #include 
main()
{
    int i,j;    /* two random integers */

    i = 1;
    j = 0;
    (void)printf("Starting\n");
    (void)printf("Before divide...");
    i = i / j;  /* divide by zero error */
    (void)printf("After\n");
    return(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_11.c0000644000076400001440000000051207055334356016563 #include 
main()
{
    int i,j;    /* two random integers */

    i = 1;
    j = 0;
    (void)printf("Starting\n");
    (void)fflush(stdout);
    (void)printf("Before divide...");
    (void)fflush(stdout);
    i = i / j;  /* divide by zero error */
    (void)printf("After\n");
    (void)fflush(stdout);
    return(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_12.c0000644000076400001440000000040507055334356016565 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 30

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];

void init_matrix(void)
{
    int x,y;    /* current element to zero */

    for (x = 0; x < X_SIZE; x++) {
        for (y = 0; y < Y_SIZE; y++) {
            matrix[x][y] = -1;
        }
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_13.c0000644000076400001440000000041607055334356016570 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 30

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];

void init_matrix(void)
{
    register int x,y;    /* current element to zero */

    for (x = 0; x < X_SIZE; x++) {
        for (y = 0; y < Y_SIZE; y++) {
            matrix[x][y] = -1;
        }
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_14.c0000644000076400001440000000041607055334356016571 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 30

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];

void init_matrix(void)
{
    register int x,y;    /* current element to zero */

    for (y = 0; y < Y_SIZE; y++) {
        for (x = 0; x < X_SIZE; x++) {
            matrix[x][y] = -1;
        }
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_15.c0000644000076400001440000000041607055334356016572 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 32

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];

void init_matrix(void)
{
    register int x,y;    /* current element to zero */

    for (y = 0; y < Y_SIZE; y++) {
        for (x = 0; x < X_SIZE; x++) {
            matrix[x][y] = -1;
        }
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_16.c0000644000076400001440000000050007055334356016565 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 30

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];

void init_matrix(void)
{
    register int index;         /* element counter */
    register int *matrix_ptr;

    matrix_ptr = &matrix[0][0];
    for (index = 0; index < X_SIZE * Y_SIZE; index++) {
        *matrix_ptr = -1;
        matrix_ptr++;
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_17.c0000644000076400001440000000043007055334357016571 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 30

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];

void init_matrix(void)
{
    register int *matrix_ptr;

    for (matrix_ptr = &matrix[0][0]; 
             matrix_ptr <= &matrix[X_SIZE-1][Y_SIZE-1];
             matrix_ptr++) {

        *matrix_ptr = -1;
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_18.c0000644000076400001440000000021207055334357016570 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 30

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];
void init_matrix(void)
{
    (void)memset(matrix, -1, sizeof(matrix));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_PRACTICAL_C/14_19.c0000644000076400001440000000021007055334357016567 #define X_SIZE 60
#define Y_SIZE 30

int matrix[X_SIZE][Y_SIZE];

#define init_matrix() \
    (void)memset(matrix, -1, sizeof(matrix));
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405214015340 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/10.h0000644000076400001440000000124107055334412015637 
extern int MyPid;        /* the shell's process id       */
extern int MyPgrp;       /* the shell's process group    */
extern int TermPgrp;     /* the terminal's process group */

#define	JSTOPPED		(1L<<1)
#define	JRUNNING		(1L<<2)
#define	JNEEDNOTE		(1L<<3)

#define	PTTYINPUT		(1L<<1)
#define	PTTYOUTPUT	(1L<<2)
#define	PSTOPSIGNAL	(1L<<3)
#define	PSTOPPED		(1L<<4)
#define	PDONE		(1L<<5)
#define	PEXITED		(1L<<6)
#define	PCOREDUMP		(1L<<7)
#define	PSIGNALED		(1L<<8)

struct _PROC {
	int pid;
	int status;
	int exitcode;
	int termsig;
	struct _PROC *next;
};
typedef struct _PROC PROC;

struct _JOB {
	int status;
	int pgrp;
	PROC	*procs;
};
typedef struct _JOB JOB;

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/a.1.c0000644000076400001440000000010007055334434015766 hello_()  /* note underscore */
{
	printf("Hello, world.\n");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/a.2.c0000644000076400001440000000005207055334434015775 extern hello();

main()
{
    hello_();
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/a.3.c0000644000076400001440000000013307055334434015776 main()
{
    extern long y_();
    long i;

    i = y_();
}

long x_()
{
    return(5L);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/a.4.c0000644000076400001440000000024107055334434015777 typedef struct {
	float r, i;
} complex;

main()
{
    extern complex y_();
    complex i;

    y_(&i);
}

x_(c)
complex *c;
{
    c->r = 1.0;
    c->i = 2.0;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/a.5.c0000644000076400001440000000053407055334434016005 main()
{
    extern char *y_();
    char s[15];

    y_(s, 15L);
}

x_(s, len)
char *s;
long len;
{
    s[0] = 'a';
    s[1] = 'b';
    s[2] = 'c';
    s[3] = 'd';
    s[4] = 'e';
    s[5] = 'f';
    s[6] = 'g';
    s[7] = 'h';
    s[8] = 'i';
    s[9] = 'j';
    s[10] = 'k';
    s[11] = 'l';
    s[12] = 'm';
    s[13] = 'n';
    s[14] = 'o';
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/a.6.c0000644000076400001440000000025607055334434016007 main()
{
    extern y_();
    long a, b, c;

    a = 4;
    b = 5;
    c = 6;

    y_(&a, &b, &c);
}

x_(u, v, w)
long *u, *v, *w;
{
    *u *= 2;
    *v *= 3;
    *w *= 4;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/a.7.c0000644000076400001440000000021507055334434016003 main()
{
    extern char *y_();
    char *i;

    i = "hi there";
    y_(i, 8L);
}

x_(s, len)
char *s;
long len;
{
    write(1, s, len);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/b.1.c0000644000076400001440000001007207055334435016001 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

ptyopen(cmd, ifp, ofp)
char *cmd;
FILE **ifp, **ofp;
{
    int i;
    char *args[16];
    register int tty;
    long ldisc, lmode;
    register char *s, *t;
    struct sgttyb sgttyb;
    struct tchars tchars;
    struct ltchars ltchars;
    char ttybuf[16], ptybuf[16];

    /*
     * Split up the arguments in the command
     * into an argv-like structure.
     */
    i = 0;
    s = cmd;

    while (*s) {
        /*
         * Skip white space.
         */
        while ((*s == ' ') || (*s == '\t'))
            *s++ = NULL;

        args[i++] = s;

        /*
         * Skip over this word to next white space.
         */
        while ((*s != NULL) && (*s != ' ') && (*s != '\t'))
            s++;
    }
    args[i] = NULL;
    /*
     * Get a pseudo-tty.  We do this by cycling through all 
     * the possible names.  The operating system will not 
     * allow us to open a master which is already in use,
     * so we simply go until the open succeeds.
     */
    for (s = "pqrs"; *s != NULL; s++) {
        for (t = "0123456789abcdef"; *t != NULL; t++) {
            sprintf(ptybuf, "/dev/pty%c%c", *s, *t);
            if ((tty = open(ptybuf, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
                goto out;
        }
    }
out:
    /*
     * If s and t are NULL, we ran out of pseudo ttys 
     * before we found one we can use.
     */
    if ((*s == NULL) && (*t == NULL))
        return(-1);
    /*
     * Change "ptyXX" (master) to "ttyXX" (slave).
     */
    strcpy(ttybuf, ptybuf);
    ttybuf[5] = 't';
    /*
     * Get the modes of the current terminal.  We
     * will duplicate these on the pseudo terminal.
     */
    ioctl(0, TIOCGETD, &ldisc);
    ioctl(0, TIOCLGET, &lmode);
    ioctl(0, TIOCGETP, &sgttyb);
    ioctl(0, TIOCGETC, &tchars);
    ioctl(0, TIOCGLTC, <chars);
    /*
     * Fork a child process.
     */
    if ((i = fork()) < 0) {
        close(tty);
        return(-1);
    }

    /*
     * In the child...
     */
    if (i == 0) {
        /*
         * Close all open files.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < NOFILE; i++)
            close(i);

        /*
         * Clear the controlling tty.  This means
         * that we will not have a controlling
         * tty until we open another terminal
         * device.
         */
        if ((i = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR)) >= 0) {
            ioctl(i, TIOCNOTTY, 0);
            close(i);
        }

        /*
         * Make our controlling tty the pseudo tty.
         * This happens because we cleared our
         * original controlling terminal above.
         */
        i = open(ttybuf, O_RDWR);

        /*
         * Set stdin, stdout, and stderr to be the
         * pseudo terminal.
         */
        dup2(i, 0);
        dup2(i, 1);
        dup2(i, 2);

        /*
         * Set the pseudo terminal's tty modes to
         * those of the original terminal.  We
         * turn off ECHO and CBREAK modes, since
         * we don't want characters "typed" to be
         * printed.
         */
        sgttyb.sg_flags &= ~ECHO;
        sgttyb.sg_flags &= ~CRMOD;

        ioctl(0, TIOCSETD, &ldisc);
        ioctl(0, TIOCLGET, &lmode);
        ioctl(0, TIOCSETP, &sgttyb);
        ioctl(0, TIOCSETC, &tchars);
        ioctl(0, TIOCSLTC, <chars);

        /*
         * Set the process group of the process
         * to be the process group of the
         * terminal.
         */
        ioctl(0, TIOCGPGRP, &i);
        setpgrp(0, i);

        /*
         * Now change the process group of the
         * terminal and process to be the
         * process id; this takes them out
         * of the calling process's process
         * group.
         */
        i = getpid();

        ioctl(0, TIOCSPGRP, &i);
        setpgrp(0, i);

        /*
         * Execute the program.
         */
        execv(*args, args);

        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Set up the input and output file pointers
     * so that they can write and read the pseudo
     * terminal.
     */
    *ifp = fdopen(tty, "w");
    *ofp = fdopen(tty, "r");

    return(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/c.1.c0000644000076400001440000000451207055334436016005 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

/*
 * We declare an array of nlist structures,
 * and initialize them to the names of the
 * variables we want.  The last entry is
 * to terminate the list.
 */
struct nlist nl[] = {
#define X_BOOTTIME     0
    {    "_boottime" },
#define X_AVENRUN      1
    {    "_avenrun"  },
    {    0           }
};

main()
{
    int kmem;
    char *ctime();
    struct timeval boottime;

    /*
     * _avenrun is an array of three numbers.
     * Most machines use floating point; Sun
     * workstations use long integers.
     */
#ifdef sun
    long avenrun[3];
#else
    double avenrun[3];
#endif

    /*
     * Open kernel memory.
     */
    if ((kmem = open("/dev/kmem", O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
        perror("/dev/kmem");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Read the kernel namelist.  If nl[0].n_type is
     * 0 after this, then the call to nlist() failed.
     */
    if ((nlist("/vmunix", nl) < 0) || (nl[0].n_type == 0)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "/vmunix: no namelist\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Read the _boottime variable.  We do this by
     * seeking through memory to the address found
     * by nlist, and then reading.
     */
    lseek(kmem, (long) nl[X_BOOTTIME].n_value, L_SET);
    read(kmem, (char *) &boottime, sizeof(boottime));
    /*
     * Read the load averages.
     */
    lseek(kmem, (long) nl[X_AVENRUN].n_value, L_SET);
    read(kmem, (char *) avenrun, sizeof(avenrun));

    /*
     * Now print the system boot time.
     */
    printf("System booted at %s\n", ctime(&boottime.tv_sec));

    /*
     * Print the load averages.  Sun workstations use
     * FSCALE to convert the long integers to floating
     * point.  The three elements of _avenrun are the
     * load average over the past one, five, and ten
     * minutes.
     */
#ifdef sun
    printf("One minute load average:  %.2f\n",
        (double) avenrun[0] / FSCALE);
    printf("Five minute load average: %.2f\n",
        (double) avenrun[1] / FSCALE);
    printf("Ten minute load average:  %.2f\n",
        (double) avenrun[2] / FSCALE);
#else
    printf("One minute load average:  %.2f\n", avenrun[0]);
    printf("Five minute load average: %.2f\n", avenrun[1]);
    printf("Ten minute load average:  %.2f\n", avenrun[2]);
#endif

    close(kmem);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/d.1.c0000644000076400001440000000425107055334437016007 
/*
 * Non-BSD systems only.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define DIRSIZE(e)     (min(strlen(e->d_name), DIRSIZ))

typedef struct {
    int    d_fd;
} DIR;

char *malloc();

DIR *
opendir(dir)
char *dir;
{
    struct stat stbuf;
    DIR *dp = (DIR *) malloc(sizeof *dp);

    if ((dp->d_fd = open(dir, 0)) < 0)
        return(0);

    if ((fstat(dp->d_fd, &stbuf) < 0) ||
        ((stbuf.st_mode & S_IFDIR) == 0)) {
        closedir(dp);
        return(0);    /* this isn't a directory! */
    }

    return(dp);
}

closedir(dp)
DIR *dp;
{
    (void) close(dp->d_fd);
    free((char *) dp);
}

struct direct *
readdir(dp)
DIR *dp;
{
    static struct direct dir;

    do {
        if (read(dp->d_fd, &dir, sizeof(dir)) != sizeof(dir))
            return(0);
    } while (dir.d_ino == 0);

    return(&dir);
}

/*
 * Scandir returns the number of entries or -1 if the
 * directory cannot be opened or malloc fails.
 */
scandir(dir, nmptr, select, compar)
char *dir;
char ***nmptr;
int (*select)();
int (*compar)();
{
    DIR *dirp;
    char **array;
    char **realloc();
    struct direct *ent;
    unsigned int nalloc = 10, nentries = 0;

    if ((dirp = opendir(dir)) == NULL)
        return(-1);

    array = (char **) malloc(nalloc * sizeof (char *));

    if (array == NULL)
        return(-1);

    while ((ent = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
        if (select && ((*select)(ent->d_name) == 0))
            continue;

        if (nentries == nalloc) {
            array = realloc(array, (nalloc += 10) * sizeof(char *));

            if (array == NULL)
                return(-1);
        }

        array[nentries] = (char *) malloc(DIRSIZE(ent)+1);
        strncpy(array[nentries], ent->d_name, DIRSIZE(ent));
        array[nentries][DIRSIZE(ent)] = NULL;
        nentries++;
    }

    closedir(dirp);

    if ((nentries + 1) != nalloc)
        array = realloc(array, ((nentries + 1) * sizeof (char *)));

    if (compar != 0)
        qsort(array, nentries, sizeof(char **), compar);

    *nmptr = array;
    array[nentries] = 0;     /* guaranteed 0 pointer */

    return(nentries);
}

alphasort(a, b)
char **a, **b;
{
    return(strcmp(*a, *b));
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/e.1.c0000644000076400001440000000334107055334440016001 #include 
#include 

#define setvec(vec, a) \
            vec.sv_handler = a; \
            vec.sv_mask = vec.sv_flags = 0

static int ringring;

nap(n)
unsigned n;
{
    void napx();
    int omask;
    struct sigvec vec, ovec;
    struct itimerval itv, oitv;
    register struct itimerval *itp = &itv;

    if (n == 0)
        return;
    timerclear(&itp->it_interval);
    timerclear(&itp->it_value);
    if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, itp, &oitv) < 0)
        return;
    setvec(ovec, SIG_DFL);
    omask = sigblock(sigmask(SIGALRM));
    itp->it_value.tv_sec = n/60;
    itp->it_value.tv_usec = (n%60)*1000000/60;
    if (timerisset(&oitv.it_value)) {
        if (oitv.it_value.tv_sec >= itp->it_value.tv_sec) {
            if (oitv.it_value.tv_sec == itp->it_value.tv_sec &&
                oitv.it_value.tv_usec > itp->it_value.tv_usec)
                oitv.it_value.tv_usec -= itp->it_value.tv_usec;
                    oitv.it_value.tv_sec -= itp->it_value.tv_sec;
        }
        else {
            itp->it_value = oitv.it_value;
            /*
             * This is a hack, but we must have time to return from 
             * the setitimer after the alarm or else it will restart.
             * And, anyway, sleep never did more than this before.
             */
            oitv.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
            oitv.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
        }
    }
    setvec(vec, napx);
    ringring = 0;
    sigvec(SIGALRM, &vec, &ovec);
    setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, itp, (struct itimerval *)0);
    while (!ringring)
        sigpause(omask &~ sigmask(SIGALRM));
    sigvec(SIGALRM, &ovec, (struct sigvec *)0);
    setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &oitv, (struct itimerval *)0);
    sigsetmask(omask);
}

static void
napx()
{
    ringring = 1;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/nap.c0000644000076400001440000000334107055334440016174 #include 
#include 

#define setvec(vec, a) \
            vec.sv_handler = a; \
            vec.sv_mask = vec.sv_flags = 0

static int ringring;

nap(n)
unsigned n;
{
    void napx();
    int omask;
    struct sigvec vec, ovec;
    struct itimerval itv, oitv;
    register struct itimerval *itp = &itv;

    if (n == 0)
        return;
    timerclear(&itp->it_interval);
    timerclear(&itp->it_value);
    if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, itp, &oitv) < 0)
        return;
    setvec(ovec, SIG_DFL);
    omask = sigblock(sigmask(SIGALRM));
    itp->it_value.tv_sec = n/60;
    itp->it_value.tv_usec = (n%60)*1000000/60;
    if (timerisset(&oitv.it_value)) {
        if (oitv.it_value.tv_sec >= itp->it_value.tv_sec) {
            if (oitv.it_value.tv_sec == itp->it_value.tv_sec &&
                oitv.it_value.tv_usec > itp->it_value.tv_usec)
                oitv.it_value.tv_usec -= itp->it_value.tv_usec;
                    oitv.it_value.tv_sec -= itp->it_value.tv_sec;
        }
        else {
            itp->it_value = oitv.it_value;
            /*
             * This is a hack, but we must have time to return from 
             * the setitimer after the alarm or else it will restart.
             * And, anyway, sleep never did more than this before.
             */
            oitv.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
            oitv.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
        }
    }
    setvec(vec, napx);
    ringring = 0;
    sigvec(SIGALRM, &vec, &ovec);
    setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, itp, (struct itimerval *)0);
    while (!ringring)
        sigpause(omask &~ sigmask(SIGALRM));
    sigvec(SIGALRM, &ovec, (struct sigvec *)0);
    setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &oitv, (struct itimerval *)0);
    sigsetmask(omask);
}

static void
napx()
{
    ringring = 1;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/dircom.c0000644000076400001440000000425107055334437016702 
/*
 * Non-BSD systems only.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define DIRSIZE(e)     (min(strlen(e->d_name), DIRSIZ))

typedef struct {
    int    d_fd;
} DIR;

char *malloc();

DIR *
opendir(dir)
char *dir;
{
    struct stat stbuf;
    DIR *dp = (DIR *) malloc(sizeof *dp);

    if ((dp->d_fd = open(dir, 0)) < 0)
        return(0);

    if ((fstat(dp->d_fd, &stbuf) < 0) ||
        ((stbuf.st_mode & S_IFDIR) == 0)) {
        closedir(dp);
        return(0);    /* this isn't a directory! */
    }

    return(dp);
}

closedir(dp)
DIR *dp;
{
    (void) close(dp->d_fd);
    free((char *) dp);
}

struct direct *
readdir(dp)
DIR *dp;
{
    static struct direct dir;

    do {
        if (read(dp->d_fd, &dir, sizeof(dir)) != sizeof(dir))
            return(0);
    } while (dir.d_ino == 0);

    return(&dir);
}

/*
 * Scandir returns the number of entries or -1 if the
 * directory cannot be opened or malloc fails.
 */
scandir(dir, nmptr, select, compar)
char *dir;
char ***nmptr;
int (*select)();
int (*compar)();
{
    DIR *dirp;
    char **array;
    char **realloc();
    struct direct *ent;
    unsigned int nalloc = 10, nentries = 0;

    if ((dirp = opendir(dir)) == NULL)
        return(-1);

    array = (char **) malloc(nalloc * sizeof (char *));

    if (array == NULL)
        return(-1);

    while ((ent = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
        if (select && ((*select)(ent->d_name) == 0))
            continue;

        if (nentries == nalloc) {
            array = realloc(array, (nalloc += 10) * sizeof(char *));

            if (array == NULL)
                return(-1);
        }

        array[nentries] = (char *) malloc(DIRSIZE(ent)+1);
        strncpy(array[nentries], ent->d_name, DIRSIZE(ent));
        array[nentries][DIRSIZE(ent)] = NULL;
        nentries++;
    }

    closedir(dirp);

    if ((nentries + 1) != nalloc)
        array = realloc(array, ((nentries + 1) * sizeof (char *)));

    if (compar != 0)
        qsort(array, nentries, sizeof(char **), compar);

    *nmptr = array;
    array[nentries] = 0;     /* guaranteed 0 pointer */

    return(nentries);
}

alphasort(a, b)
char **a, **b;
{
    return(strcmp(*a, *b));
}
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docs_DATA = $(EXTRA_DIST)

docsdir = $(kde_htmldir)/en/kdevelop/$(subdir)

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$(srcdir)/Makefile.in:  Makefile.am  $(top_srcdir)/configure.in $(ACLOCAL_M4)
#>- 	cd $(top_srcdir) && \
#>- $(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/Makefile
#>+ 3
	cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/Makefile.in
Makefile:  $(srcdir)/Makefile.in  $(top_builddir)/config.status
	cd $(top_builddir) && \
	CONFIG_HEADERS= CONFIG_LINKS= \
	CONFIG_FILES=$(subdir)/$@ $(SHELL) ./config.status
uninstall-info-am:
install-docsDATA: $(docs_DATA)
	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)
	@list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \
	if test -f "$$p"; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
	f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \
	echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \
	$(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
	done

uninstall-docsDATA:
	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
	@list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \
	f="`echo $$p | sed -e 's|^.*/||'`"; \
	echo " rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \
	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
	done
tags: TAGS
TAGS:


#>- DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)
#>+ 4
KDE_DIST=05.2.c a.4.c 10.2.c 03.1.c 09.2.c 02.3.c 08.4.c 12.2.c 11.4.c 05.1.c 04.3.c b.1.c a.3.c 10.h 14.2.c 07.1.c d.1.c 10.1.c a.7.c 09.1.c 02.2.c 08.3.c 12.1.c 11.3.c 10.5.c 04.2.c a.2.c 14.1.c 08.7.c 13.3.c 11.7.c nap.c a.6.c 02.1.c 08.2.c 11.2.c 10.4.c 04.1.c a.1.c 09.4.c 02.5.c 08.6.c 13.2.c 11.6.c 06.1.c 05.3.c c.1.c a.5.c HEADER.html 08.1.c e.1.c 11.1.c 10.3.c dircom.c 03.2.c 09.3.c 02.4.c 08.5.c 13.1.c 12.3.c 11.5.c 

DISTFILES= $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST) $(KDE_DIST)


top_distdir = ../../../..
distdir = $(top_distdir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)

distdir: $(DISTFILES)
	@for file in $(DISTFILES); do \
	if test -f $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
	dir=`echo "$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
	if test "$$dir" != "$$file" && test "$$dir" != "."; then \
	$(mkinstalldirs) "$(distdir)/$$dir"; \
	fi; \
	if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
	cp -pR $$d/$$file $(distdir) \
	|| exit 1; \
	else \
	test -f $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| cp -p $$d/$$file $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| exit 1; \
	fi; \
	done
check-am: all-am
check: check-am
all-am: Makefile $(DATA)

installdirs:
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)

install: install-am
install-exec: install-exec-am
install-data: install-data-am
uninstall: uninstall-am

install-am: all-am
	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am

installcheck: installcheck-am
install-strip:
	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
	`test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
	echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
mostlyclean-generic:

clean-generic:

distclean-generic:
	-rm -f Makefile $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES) stamp-h stamp-h[0-9]*

maintainer-clean-generic:
	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
#>- clean: clean-am
#>+ 1
clean: kde-rpo-clean  clean-am

clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am

distclean: distclean-am

distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic distclean-libtool

dvi: dvi-am

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info: info-am

info-am:

install-data-am: install-docsDATA

install-exec-am:

install-info: install-info-am

install-man:

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maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am

maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic

mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am

mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool

uninstall-am: uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am

.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
	distclean distclean-generic distclean-libtool distdir dvi \
	dvi-am info info-am install install-am install-data \
	install-data-am install-docsDATA install-exec install-exec-am \
	install-info install-info-am install-man install-strip \
	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
	mostlyclean-libtool uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA \
	uninstall-info-am

# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:

#>+ 2
docs-am:

#>+ 6
force-reedit:
		cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/Makefile.in


#>+ 2
final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 2
no-final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
no-final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 3
cvs-clean:
	$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean

#>+ 3
kde-rpo-clean:
	-rm -f *.rpo
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/HEADER.html0000644000076400001440000000026707055334441017075 
    Using C - O'Reilly
    
Reprinted with permission from 'Using C on the UNIX System' copyright 1989
O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.  For
orders and information, call 1-800-988-9938.
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/02.1.c0000644000076400001440000000155107055334440015777 
#include 

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    int c;
    FILE *from, *to;

    /*
     * Check our arguments.
     */
    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s from-file to-file\n", *argv);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the from-file for reading.
     */
    if ((from = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
        perror(argv[1]);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the to-file for appending.  If to-file does
     * not exist, fopen will create it.
     */
    if ((to = fopen(argv[2], "a")) == NULL) {
        perror(argv[2]);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now read characters from from-file until we
     * hit end-of-file, and put them onto to-file.
     */
    while ((c = getc(from)) != EOF)
        putc(c, to);

    /*
     * Now close the files.
     */
    fclose(from);
    fclose(to);
    exit(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/02.2.c0000644000076400001440000000156107055334423016002 #include 

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    FILE *from, *to;
    char line[BUFSIZ];
    /*
     * Check our arguments.
     */
    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s from-file to-file\n", *argv);
        exit(1);
    }
    /*
     * Open the from-file for reading.
     */
    if ((from = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
        perror(argv[1]);
        exit(1);
    }
    /*
     * Open the to-file for appending.  If to-file does
     * not exist, fopen will create it.
     */
    if ((to = fopen(argv[2], "a")) == NULL) {
        perror(argv[2]);
        exit(1);
    }
    /*
     * Now read a line at a time from the from-file,
     * and write it to the to-file.
     */
    while (fgets(line, BUFSIZ, from) != NULL)
        fputs(line, to);
    /*
     * Now close the files.
     */
    fclose(from);
    fclose(to);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/02.3.c0000644000076400001440000000170407055334424016003 #include 

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    int n;
    FILE *from, *to;
    char buf[BUFSIZ];

    /*
     * Check our arguments.
     */
    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s from-file to-file\n", *argv);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the from-file for reading.
     */
    if ((from = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
        perror(argv[1]);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the to-file for appending.  If to-file does
     * not exist, fopen will create it.
     */
    if ((to = fopen(argv[2], "a")) == NULL) {
        perror(argv[2]);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Note that we only write the number of characters fread 
     * read in, rather than always writing BUFSIZ characters.
     */
    while ((n = fread(buf, sizeof(char), BUFSIZ, from)) > 0)
        fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), n, to);

    /*
     * Now close the files.
     */
    fclose(from);
    fclose(to);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/02.4.c0000644000076400001440000000041007055334424015775 #include 

main()
{
    int n, m;

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);

    m = fact(n);
    printf("The factorial of %d is %d.\n", n, m);
    exit(0);
}

fact(n)
int n;
{
    if (n == 0)
        return(1);

    return(n * fact(n-1));
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/02.5.c0000644000076400001440000000221707055334424016005 /*
 * 
 */
#include 

struct record {
    int uid;
    char login[9];
};

char *logins[] = { "user1", "user2", "user3",
                   "user4", "user5" };

main()
{
    int i;
    FILE *fp;
    struct record rec;

    /*
     * Open the data file for writing.
     */
    if ((fp = fopen("datafile", "w")) == NULL) {
        perror("datafile");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * For each user, going backwards...
     */
    for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
        /*
         * Create the record.
         */
        rec.uid = i;
        strcpy(rec.login, logins[i]);

        /*
         * Output the record.  Notice we pass the
         * address of the structure.
         */
        putrec(fp, i, &rec);
    }

    fclose(fp);
    exit(0);
}

/*
 * putrec--write the record in the i'th position.
 */
putrec(fp, i, r)
int i;
FILE *fp;
struct record *r;
{
    /*
     * Seek to the i'th position from the beginning
     * of the file.
     */
    fseek(fp, (long) i * sizeof(struct record), 0);

    /*
     * Write the record.  We want to write one
     * object the size of a record structure.
     */
    fwrite(r, sizeof(struct record), 1, fp);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/03.1.c0000644000076400001440000000257607055334424016012 /* Change  to  if you're on System V.
 */
#include 

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    int n;
    int from, to;
    char buf[1024];

    /*
     * Check our arguments.  Note that to write the error
     * message we can't just use "%s" as we did in Example
     * 2-3; we have to write each string separately.
     */
    if (argc != 3) {
        write(2, "Usage: ", 7);
        write(2, *argv, strlen(*argv));
        write(2, " from-file to-file\n", 19);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the from-file for reading.
     */
    if ((from = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
        perror(argv[1]);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the to-file for appending.  If to-file does
     * not exist, open will create it with mode 644
     * (-rw-r--r--).  Note that we specify the mode
     * in octal, not decimal
     */
    if ((to = open(argv[2], O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, 0644)) < 0) {
        perror(argv[2]);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now read a buffer-full at a time from the from-file,
     * and write it to the to-file.  Note that we only
     * write the number of characters read read in,
     * rather than always writing 1024 characters.
     */
    while ((n = read(from, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
        write(to, buf, n);

    /*
     * Now close the files.
     */
    close(from);
    close(to);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/03.2.c0000644000076400001440000000231507055334425016003 /*
 * If you're on System V, change  to .
 */
#include 

struct record {
    int uid;
    char login[9];
};

char *logins[] = { "user1", "user2", "user3",
                   "user4", "user5" };

main()
{
    int i, fd;
    struct record rec;

    /*
     * Open the data file for writing.
     */
    if ((fd = open("datafile", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644)) < 0) {
        perror("datafile");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * For each user, going backwards...
     */
    for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
        /*
         * Create the record.
         */
        rec.uid = i;
        strcpy(rec.login, logins[i]);

        /*
         * Output the record.  Notice we pass the
         * address of the structure.
         */
        putrec(fd, i, &rec);
    }

    close(fd);
    exit(0);
}

/*
 * putrec--write the record in the i'th position.
 */
putrec(fd, i, r)
int i, fd;
struct record *r;
{
    /*
     * Seek to the i'th position from the beginning
     * of the file.
     */
    lseek(fd, (long) i * sizeof(struct record), L_SET);

    /*
     * Write the record.  We want to write one
     * object the size of a record structure.
     */
    write(fd, r, sizeof(struct record));
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/04.1.c0000644000076400001440000000160007055334425015777 /*
 * Non-BSD systems only.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 

main()
{
    FILE *fp;
    struct direct dir;
    int n;

    if ((fp = fopen(".", "r")) == NULL) {
        perror("current directory");
        exit(1);
    }

	/*
	 * Read directory entries.  Since we're reading
	 * entries one at a time, we use the fread routine,
	 * which buffers them internally.  Don't use the
	 * low-level read to do things this way, since
	 * reading very small quantities of data (16 bytes)
	 * at a time is very inefficient.
	 */
    while ((n = fread(&dir, sizeof(dir), 1, fp)) > 0) {
        /*
         * Skip removed files.
         */
        if (dir.d_ino == 0)
            continue;

        /*
         * Make sure we print no more than DIRSIZ
         * characters.
         */
        printf("%.*s\n", DIRSIZ, dir.d_name);
    }

    fclose(fp);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/04.2.c0000644000076400001440000000103207055334425015777 /*
 * For use with 4.2 and 4.3BSD systems.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 

main()
{
    DIR *dp;
    struct direct *dir;

    if ((dp = opendir(".")) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cannot open directory.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Read entries...
     */
    while ((dir = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
        /*
         * Skip removed files.
         */
        if (dir->d_ino == 0)
            continue;

        printf("%s\n", dir->d_name);
    }

    closedir(dp);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/04.3.c0000644000076400001440000000726207055334426016014 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

char *modes[] = {
    "---", "--x", "-w-", "-wx",
    "r--", "r-x", "rw-", "rwx"
};

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    struct stat sbuf;

    /*
     * If no arguments, list current directory.
     */
    if (argc < 2) {
        list(".");
        exit(0);
    }

    /*
     * Process arguments.
     */
    while (--argc) {
        /*
         * See what the file is.
         */
        if (stat(*++argv, &sbuf) < 0) {
            perror(*argv);
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * If it's a directory we list it,
         * otherwise just print the info about
         * the file.
         */
        if ((sbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
            list(*argv);
        else
            printout(".", *argv);
    }

    exit(0);
}

/*
 * list--read a directory and list the files it
 *        contains.
 */
list(name)
char *name;
{
    DIR *dp;
    struct direct *dir;

    /*
     * Open the directory.
     */
    if ((dp = opendir(name)) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot open.\n", name);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * For each entry...
     */
    while ((dir = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
        /*
         * Skip removed files.
         */
        if (dir->d_ino == 0)
            continue;

        /*
         * Print it out.
         */
        printout(name, dir->d_name);
    }

    closedir(dp);
}

/*
 * printout--print out the information about
 *            a file.
 */
printout(dir, name)
char *dir, *name;
{
    int i, j;
    char perms[10];
    struct stat sbuf;
    char newname[1024];

    /*
     * Make full path name, so
     * we have a legal path.
     */
    sprintf(newname, "%s/%s", dir, name);

    /*
     * At this point we know the file exists,
     * so this won't fail.
     */
    stat(newname, &sbuf);

    /*
     * Print size in kbytes.
     */
    printf("%5d ", (sbuf.st_size + 1023) / 1024);

    /*
     * Get the file type.  For convenience (and to
     * make this example universal), we ignore the
     * other types which are version-dependent.
     */
    switch (sbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
    case S_IFREG:    putchar('-'); break;
    case S_IFDIR:    putchar('d'); break;
    case S_IFCHR:    putchar('c'); break;
    case S_IFBLK:    putchar('b'); break;
    default:         putchar('?'); break;
    }

    /*
     * Get each of the three groups of permissions
     * (owner, group, world).  Since they're just
     * bits, we can count in binary and use this
     * as a subscript (see the modes array, above).
     */
    *perms = NULL;
    for (i = 2; i >= 0; i--) {
        /*
         * Since we're subscripting, we don't
         * need the constants.  Just get a
         * value between 0 and 7.
         */
        j = (sbuf.st_mode >> (i*3)) & 07;

        /*
         * Get the perm bits.
         */
        strcat(perms, modes[j]);
    }

    /*
     * Handle special bits which replace the 'x'
     * in places.
     */
    if ((sbuf.st_mode & S_ISUID) != 0)
        perms[2] = 's';
    if ((sbuf.st_mode & S_ISGID) != 0)
        perms[5] = 's';
    if ((sbuf.st_mode & S_ISVTX) != 0)
        perms[8] = 't';

    /*
     * Print permissions, number of links,
     * user and group ids.
     */
    printf("%s%3d %5d/%-5d ", perms, sbuf.st_nlink, sbuf.st_uid,
        sbuf.st_gid);

    /*
     * Print the size of the file in bytes,
     * and the last modification time.  The
     * ctime routine converts a time to ASCII;
     * it is described in Chapter 7, Telling
     * Time and Timing Things.
     */
    printf("%7d %.12s ", sbuf.st_size, ctime(&sbuf.st_mtime)+4);

    /*
     * Finally, print the filename.
     */
    printf("%s\n", name);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/05.1.c0000644000076400001440000000360307055334427016007 #include 
#include 

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    struct sgttyb sgo, sgn;
    struct tchars tco, tcn;

    if (argc < 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file [file ...]\n", *argv);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * In real life we'd check the return values of
     * these, since if the input is redirected from
     * a file they will fail.  We are assuming the
     * terminal is always connected to the standard
     * input.
     */
    ioctl(0, TIOCGETP, &sgo);
    ioctl(0, TIOCGETC, &tco);

    sgn = sgo;
    sgn.sg_flags &= ~ECHO;      /* turn off ECHO   */
    sgn.sg_flags |= CBREAK;     /* turn on CBREAK  */

    tcn = tco;
    tcn.t_intrc = -1;           /* disable int key */

    /*
     * Set the new modes.  Again we ignore return
     * values.
     */
    ioctl(0, TIOCSETP, &sgn);
    ioctl(0, TIOCSETC, &tcn);

    while (--argc)
        more(*++argv);

    /*
     * Reset the old tty modes.
     */
    ioctl(0, TIOCSETP, &sgo);
    ioctl(0, TIOCSETC, &tco);

    exit(0);
}

/*
 * more--display the file.
 */
more(file)
char *file;
{
    FILE *fp;
    int line;
    char linebuf[1024];

    if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) {
        perror(file);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Print 22 lines at a time.
     */
    for (;;) {
        line = 1;
        while (line < 22) {
            /*
             * If end-of-file, let them hit a key one
             * more time and then go back.
             */
            if (fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), fp) == NULL) {
                fclose(fp);
                prompt();
                return;
            }

            fwrite(linebuf, 1, strlen(linebuf), stdout);
            line++;
        }

        prompt();
    }
}

/*
 * prompt--prompt for a character.
 */
prompt()
{
    char answer;

    printf("Type any character for next page: ");
    answer = getchar();
    putchar('\n');
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/05.2.c0000644000076400001440000000342507055334427016012 #include 
#include 

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    struct termio tio, tin;

    if (argc < 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file [file ...]\n", *argv);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * In real life we'd check the return value of
     * this, since if the input is redirected from a
     * file it will fail.  We are assuming the
     * terminal is always connected to the standard
     * input.
     */
    ioctl(0, TCGETA, &tio);

    tin = tio;
    tin.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;      /* turn off ECHO   */
    tin.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;    /* turn off ICANON */

    /*
     * Emulate CBREAK mode.
     */
    tin.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
    tin.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;

    /*
     * Set the new modes.  Again we ignore return
     * values.
     */
    ioctl(0, TCSETA, &tin);

    while (--argc)
        more(*++argv);

    /*
     * Reset the old tty modes.
     */
    ioctl(0, TCSETA, &tio);

    exit(0);
}

/*
 * more--display the file.
 */
more(file)
char *file;
{
    FILE *fp;
    int line;
    char linebuf[1024];

    if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) {
        perror(file);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Print 22 lines at a time.
     */
    for (;;) {
        line = 1;
        while (line < 22) {
            /*
             * If end-of-file, let them hit a key one
             * more time and then go back.
             */
            if (fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), fp) == NULL) {
                fclose(fp);
                prompt();
                return;
            }

            fwrite(linebuf, 1, strlen(linebuf), stdout);
            line++;
        }

        prompt();
    }
}

/*
 * prompt--prompt for a character.
 */
prompt()
{
    char answer;

    printf("Type any character for next page: ");
    answer = getchar();
    putchar('\n');
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/05.3.c0000644000076400001440000000243307055334430016003 #include 
#include 
#include 

main()
{
    int n, nfds;
    char buf[32];
    fd_set readfds;
    struct timeval tv;

    /*
     * We will be reading from standard input (file
     * descriptor 0), so we want to know when the
     * user has typed something.
     */
    FD_ZERO(&readfds);
    FD_SET(0, &readfds);

    /*
     * Set the timeout for 15 seconds.
     */
    tv.tv_sec = 15;
    tv.tv_usec = 0;

    /*
     * Prompt for input.
     */
    printf("Type a word; if you don't in 15 ");
    printf("seconds I'll use \"WORD\": ");
    fflush(stdout);

    /*
     * Now call select.  We pass NULL for
     * writefds and exceptfds, since we
     * aren't interested in them.
     */
    nfds = select(1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);

    /*
     * Now we check the results.  If nfds is zero,
     * then we timed out, and should assume the
     * default.  Otherwise, if file descriptor 0
     * is set in readfds, that means that it is
     * ready to be read, and we can read something
     * from it.
     */
    if (nfds == 0) {
        strcpy(buf, "WORD");
    }
    else {
        if (FD_ISSET(0, &readfds)) {
            n = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
            buf[n-1] = '\0';
        }
    }

    printf("\nThe word is: %s\n", buf);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/06.1.c0000644000076400001440000000237007055334430016002 #include 
#include 
#include 

#define UTMP    "/etc/utmp"
#define NAMELEN	8

main()
{
    FILE *fp;
    struct utmp u;
    struct passwd *p;
    char tmp[NAMELEN+1];
    struct passwd *getpwnam();

    if ((fp = fopen(UTMP, "r")) == NULL) {
        perror(UTMP);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * For each entry...
     */
    while (fread(&u, sizeof(u), 1, fp) != NULL) {
        /*
         * Skip non-logged in ports.
         */
        if (u.ut_name[0] == NULL)
            continue;

        /*
         * Make sure name is null-terminated.
         */
        strncpy(tmp, u.ut_name, NAMELEN);

        /*
         * Skip non-existent users (shouldn't
         * be any).
         */
        if ((p = getpwnam(tmp)) == NULL)
            continue;

        /*
         * Print the line.  ctime() converts the time
         * to ASCII format, it is described in Chapter
         * 7, Telling Time and Timing Things. We
         * ignore the format of the gecos field and
         * just print the first 30 characters; in real
         * life we would stop at a comma or some such.
         */
        printf("%-10.8s %-10.8s %-30.30s %s", u.ut_name,
	    u.ut_line, p->pw_gecos, ctime(&u.ut_time));
    }

    fclose(fp);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/07.1.c0000644000076400001440000000055207055334430016003 #include 
#include 

main()
{
    struct tms before, after;

    times(&before);

    /* ... place code to be timed here ... */

    times(&after);

    printf("User time: %ld seconds\n", after.tms_utime -
        before.tms_utime);
    printf("System time: %ld seconds\n", after.tms_stime -
        before.tms_stime);

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/08.1.c0000644000076400001440000000024707055334430016005 #include 

main()
{
    signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);

    /*
     * pause() just suspends the process until a
     * signal is received.
     */
    pause();
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/08.2.c0000644000076400001440000000106107055334430016001 #include 

main()
{
    /*
     * Declare handler routine so we can use its name.
     */
    extern int handler();

    /*
     * Send signal to handler routine.
     */
    signal(SIGINT, handler);

    /*
     * Loop here.
     */
    for (;;)
        pause();
}

/*
 * handler--handle the signal.
 */
handler()
{
    /*
     * Users of 4.2 and 4.3BSD systems should un-comment
     * this line, which will make this program
     * behave as if it were on a non-Berkeley system.
     */
    /* signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL); */

    printf("OUCH\n");
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/08.3.c0000644000076400001440000000122107055334430016000 #include 

main()
{
    /*
     * Declare handler routine so we can use its
     * name.
     */
    extern int handler();

    /*
     * Send signal to handler routine.
     */
    signal(SIGINT, handler);

    /*
     * Loop here.
     */
    for (;;)
        pause();
}

/*
 * handler--handle the signal.
 */
handler()
{
    /*
     * Users of 4.2 and 4.3BSD systems should un-comment
     * this line, which will make this program
     * behave as if it were on a non-Berkeley system.
     */
    /* signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL); */

    printf("OUCH\n");

    /*
     * Reset the signal to come here again.
     */
    signal(SIGINT, handler);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/08.4.c0000644000076400001440000000172107055334431016007 #include 

main()
{
    /*
     * Declare handler routine so we can use its
     * name.
     */
    extern int handler();
    /*
     * Send signal to handler routine.  Only do so
     * if the signal is not already being ignored.
     */
    if (signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
        signal(SIGINT, handler);
    /*
     * Loop here.
     */
    for (;;)
        pause();
}
/*
 * handler--handle the signal.  sig is the signal
 *           number which interrupted us.
 */
handler(sig)
int sig;
{
    /*
     * Users of 4.2 and 4.3BSD systems should un-comment
     * this line, which will make this program
     * behave as if it were on a non-Berkeley
     * system (we reset the signal by hand).
     */
    /* signal(sig, SIG_DFL); */
    /*
     * Ignore the signal for the duration of this
     * routine.
     */
    signal(sig, SIG_IGN);
    printf("OUCH\n");
    /*
     * Reset the signal to come here again.
     */
    signal(SIGINT, handler);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/08.5.c0000644000076400001440000000270207055334431016010 #include 
#include 

/*
 * The environment for setjmp.
 */
jmp_buf env;

main()
{
    int i;
    char buf[16];
    extern int timeout();

    /*
     * Inform the system we want to catch the
     * alarm signal.
     */
    signal(SIGALRM, timeout);

    /*
     * The code inside the if gets executed the first
     * time through setjmp, the code inside the else
     * the second time.
     */
    if (setjmp(env) == 0) {
        /*
         * Issue a request for an alarm to be
         * delivered in 15 seconds.
         */
        alarm(15);

        /*
         * Prompt for input.
         */
        printf("Type a word; if you don't in 15 ");
        printf("seconds I'll use \"WORD\": ");
        gets(buf);

        /*
         * Turn off the alarm.
         */
        alarm(0);
    }
    else {
        /*
         * Assume the default.
         */
        strcpy(buf, "WORD");
    }

    printf("\nThe word is: %s\n", buf);
    exit(0);
}

/*
 * timeout--catch the signal.
 */
timeout(sig)
int sig;
{
    /*
     * Ignore the signal for the duration of this
     * routine.
     */
    signal(sig, SIG_IGN);

    /*
     * We would perform any timeout-related
     * functions here; in this case there
     * are none.
     */

    /*
     * Restore the action of the alarm signal.
     */
    signal(SIGALRM, timeout);

    /*
     * Return to the main routine at setjmp,
     * and make setjmp return 1.
     */
    longjmp(env, 1);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/08.6.c0000644000076400001440000000067307055334431016016 #include 

/*
 * work, work, work, all I ever do is work!
 */
dowork()
{
}

main()
{
    int mask;

    /*
     * Block SIGIO, which will indicate more
     * work to be done.
     */
    mask = sigmask(SIGIO);

    for (;;) {
        /*
         * Go do work.
         */
        dowork();

        /*
         * Pause until we receive a signal.
         * SIGIO is not blocked in mask.
         */
        sigpause(mask);
    }
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/08.7.c0000644000076400001440000000422407055334432016014 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

char *stack;      /* pointer to signal stack base */
int tooksig = 0;  /* 1 after we take the signal   */

main()
{
    extern void x();
    struct sigvec sv;
    struct sigstack ss;
    struct rlimit rlimit;

    /*
     * Set stack size limit to 50 kbytes.
     */
    getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlimit);
    rlimit.rlim_cur = 50 * 1024;

    if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlimit) < 0) {
        perror("setrlimit");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Take illegal instruction and process it with x,
     * on the interrupt stack.  For 4.2BSD, change
     * sv_flags to sv_onstack and SV_ONSTACK to 1.
     */
    sv.sv_mask = 0;
    sv.sv_handler = x;
    sv.sv_flags = SV_ONSTACK;
    sigvec(SIGILL, &sv, (struct sigvec *) 0);

    /*
     * Allocate memory for the signal stack.  The
     * kernel assumes the addresses grow in the same
     * direction as on the process stack (toward
     * lower addresses, on a VAX).
     */
    if ((stack = (char *) malloc(10240)) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Issue the call to tell the system about the
     * signal stack.  We pass the end of the signal
     * stack, not the beginning, since the stack
     * grows toward lower addresses.
     */
    ss.ss_onstack = 0;
    ss.ss_sp = (caddr_t) stack + 10240;

    if (sigstack(&ss, (struct sigstack *) 0) < 0) {
        perror("sigstack");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Start using up stack space.
     */
    y();
}

y()
{
    /*
     * Take up 5k of stack space.
     */
    char buf[5120];

    printf("%s\n", tooksig ? "Now on extended stack." :
        "On 50k stack.");

    /*
     * Recurse.
     */
    y();
}

/*
 * Handle the signal.
 */
void x(sig, code, scp)
int sig, code;
struct sigcontext *scp;
{
    struct rlimit rlimit;

    /*
     * Increase the stack limit to the maximum.
     */
    getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlimit);
    rlimit.rlim_cur = rlimit.rlim_max;

    if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlimit) < 0) {
        perror("setrlimit");
        exit(1);
    }

    tooksig = 1;
    return;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/09.1.c0000644000076400001440000000307107055334433016007 #include 

main()
{
    char buf[1024];
    char *args[64];

    for (;;) {
        /*
         * Prompt for and read a command.
         */
        printf("Command: ");

        if (gets(buf) == NULL) {
            printf("\n");
            exit(0);
        }

        /*
         * Split the string into arguments.
         */
        parse(buf, args);

        /*
         * Execute the command.
         */
        execute(args);
    }
}

/*
 * parse--split the command in buf into
 *         individual arguments.
 */
parse(buf, args)
char *buf;
char **args;
{
    while (*buf != NULL) {
        /*
         * Strip whitespace.  Use nulls, so
         * that the previous argument is terminated
         * automatically.
         */
        while ((*buf == ' ') || (*buf == '\t'))
            *buf++ = NULL;

        /*
         * Save the argument.
         */
        *args++ = buf;

        /*
         * Skip over the argument.
         */
        while ((*buf != NULL) && (*buf != ' ') && (*buf != '\t'))
            buf++;
    }

    *args = NULL;
}

/*
 * execute--spawn a child process and execute
 *           the program.
 */
execute(args)
char **args;
{
    int pid, status;

    /*
     * Get a child process.
     */
    if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The child executes the code inside the if.
     */
    if (pid == 0) {
        execvp(*args, args);
        perror(*args);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The parent executes the wait.
     */
    while (wait(&status) != pid)
        /* empty */ ;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/09.2.c0000644000076400001440000000204607055334433016011 execute(args, sin, sout, serr)
char **args;
int sin, sout, serr;
{
    int pid, status;

    /*
     * Get a child process.
     */
    if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The child executes the code inside the if.
     */
    if (pid == 0) {
        /*
         * For each of standard input, output,
         * and error output, set the child's
         * to the passed-down file descriptor.
         * Note that we can't just close 0, 1,
         * and 2 since we might need them.
         */
        if (sin != 0) {
            close(0);
            dup(sin);    /* will give us fd #0 */
        }

        if (sout != 1) {
            close(1);
            dup(sout);    /* will give us fd #1 */
        }

        if (serr != 2) {
            close(2);
            dup(serr);    /* will give us fd #2 */
        }

        execvp(*args, args);
        perror(*args);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The parent executes the wait.
     */
    while (wait(&status) != pid)
        /* empty loop */;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/09.3.c0000644000076400001440000000314207055334433016010 #include 

main()
{
    FILE *fp;
    int pid, pipefds[2];
    char *username, *getlogin();

    /*
     * Get the user's name.
     */
    if ((username = getlogin()) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Who are you?\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Create the pipe.  This has to be done
     * BEFORE the fork.
     */
    if (pipe(pipefds) < 0) {
        perror("pipe");
        exit(1);
    }

    if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The child process executes the stuff inside
     * the if.
     */
    if (pid == 0) {
        /*
         * Make the read side of the pipe our
         * standard input.
         */
        close(0);
        dup(pipefds[0]);
        close(pipefds[0]);

        /*
         * Close the write side of the pipe;
         * we'll let our output go to the screen.
         */
        close(pipefds[1]);
        /*
         * Execute the command "mail username".
         */
        execl("/bin/mail", "mail", username, 0);
        perror("exec");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The parent executes this code.
     */

    /*
     * Close the read side of the pipe; we
     * don't need it (and the child is not
     * writing on the pipe anyway).
     */
    close(pipefds[0]);

    /*
     * Convert the write side of the pipe to stdio.
     */
    fp = fdopen(pipefds[1], "w");

    /*
     * Send a message, close the pipe.
     */
    fprintf(fp, "Hello from your program.\n");
    fclose(fp);

    /*
     * Wait for the process to terminate.
     */     
    while (wait((int *) 0) != pid)
        ;

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/09.4.c0000644000076400001440000000327107055334434016015 /*
 * mailer - open a pipe to the mail command and send the user
 *          mail.
 */
#include 

main()
{
    FILE *fp;
    int pid, pipefds[2];
    char *username, *getlogin();

    /*
     * Get the user's name.
     */
    if ((username = getlogin()) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Who are you?\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Create the pipe.  This has to be done
     * BEFORE the fork.
     */
    if (pipe(pipefds) < 0) {
        perror("pipe");
        exit(1);
    }

    if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The child process executes the stuff inside
     * the if.
     */
    if (pid == 0) {
        /*
         * Make the read side of the pipe our
         * standard input.
         */
        close(0);
        dup(pipefds[0]);
        close(pipefds[0]);

        /*
         * Close the write side of the pipe;
         * we'll let our output go to the screen.
         */
        close(pipefds[1]);

        /*
         * Execute the command "mail username".
         */
        execl("/bin/mail", "mail", username, 0);
        perror("exec");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * The parent executes this code.
     */

    /*
     * Close the read side of the pipe; we
     * don't need it (and the child is not
     * writing on the pipe anyway).
     */
    close(pipefds[0]);

    /*
     * Convert the write side of the pipe to stdio.
     */
    fp = fdopen(pipefds[1], "w");

    /*
     * Send a message, close the pipe.
     */
    fprintf(fp, "Hello from your program.\n");
    fclose(fp);

    /*
     * Wait for the process to terminate.
     */     
    while (wait((int *) 0) != pid)
        ;

    exit(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/10.1.c0000644000076400001440000000141707055334410015774 #include 
#include "10.h"

int MyPid;        /* the shell's process id       */
int MyPgrp;       /* the shell's process group    */
int TermPgrp;     /* the terminal's process group */

setup()
{
    /*
     * Obtain shell's process id.
     */
    MyPid = getpid();

    /*
     * Just use pid for process group.  This is
     * not a requirement, just convenient.  Other
     * ways of picking a process group can be used.
     */
    MyPgrp = MyPid;
    TermPgrp = MyPid;

    /*
     * Set the shell's process group.
     */
    if (setpgrp(MyPid, MyPgrp) < 0) {
        perror("setpgrp");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Set the terminal's process group.
     */
    if (ioctl(1, TIOCSPGRP, &MyPgrp) < 0) {
        perror("ioctl");
        exit(1);
    }
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/10.2.c0000644000076400001440000000132307055334410015771 #include 
#include 
#include "10.h"

stop(j)
JOB *j;
{
    /*
     * If the job is already stopped, we don't
     * need to do anything.
     */
    if (j->status & JSTOPPED)
        return;

    /*
     * If the job's process group is not that of the
     * terminal, then the job is in the background
     * and must be sent a stop signal.
     */
    if (j->pgrp != TermPgrp)
        killpg(j->pgrp, SIGSTOP);

    /*
     * Mark the job as stopped.
     */
    j->status |= JSTOPPED;

    /*
     * If the terminal is not in the shell's process
     * group, we need to put it there.
     */
    if (TermPgrp != MyPgrp) {
        ioctl(1, TIOCSPGRP, &MyPgrp);
        TermPgrp = MyPgrp;
    }
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/10.3.c0000644000076400001440000000060107055334411015771 #include 
#include 
#include "10.h"

bg(j)
JOB *j;
{
    /*
     * If the job is already running,
     * there's no need to start it.
     */
    if (j->status & JRUNNING)
        return;

    /*
     * Start the job.
     */
    killpg(j->pgrp, SIGCONT);

    /*
     * Mark the job as running.
     */
    j->status &= ~JSTOPPED;
    j->status |= JRUNNING;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/10.4.c0000644000076400001440000000110507055334411015772 #include 
#include 
#include "10.h"

fg(j)
JOB *j;
{
    /*
     * If the terminal is not in the job's process
     * group, change the process group of the
     * terminal.
     */
    if (j->pgrp != TermPgrp) {
        ioctl(1, TIOCSPGRP, &j->pgrp);
        TermPgrp = j->pgrp;
    }

    /*
     * If the job is not running, start it up.
     */
    if (j->status & JSTOPPED) {
        killpg(j->pgrp, SIGCONT);
        j->status &= ~JSTOPPED;
        j->status |= JRUNNING;
    }

    /*
     * Go wait for the job to complete.
     */
    waitfor();
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/10.5.c0000644000076400001440000000642307055334411016003 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include "10.h"

waitfor()
{
    int pid;
    JOB *j;
    PROC *p;
    JOB *findjob();
    union wait status;

    /*
     * As long as we get something's status back...
     */
    while ((pid = wait3(&status, WUNTRACED, 0)) >= 0) {
        /*
         * Find the job structure which has this
         * process.
         */
        j = findjob(pid);

        /*
         * Find the process structure.
         */
        for (p = j->procs; p->pid != pid; p = p->next)
            /* empty */ ;

        /*
         * Find out what happened to the process.
         */
        if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
            /*
             * See if we know the reason it was
             * stopped. The w_stopsig element of
             * the structure contains the number
             * of the signal which stopped the
             * process.
             */
            switch (status.w_stopsig) {
            case SIGTTIN:
                p->status |= PTTYINPUT;
                break;
            case SIGTTOU:
                p->status |= PTTYOUTPUT;
                break;
            case SIGSTOP:
                p->status |= PSTOPSIGNAL;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }

            p->status |= PSTOPPED;
            j->status |= JNEEDNOTE;
        }
        else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
            /*
             * Normal termination.
             */
            if (status.w_retcode == 0)
                p->status |= PDONE;
            else
                p->status |= PEXITED;

            p->exitcode = status.w_retcode;

            /*
             * We're only going to note processes
             * exiting if all the processes in the
             * job are complete.
             */
            if (alldone(j))
                j->status |= JNEEDNOTE;
        }
        else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
            p->status |= PSIGNALED;

            /*
             * Save the termination signal.
             */
            p->termsig = status.w_termsig;

            /*
             * Check for a core dump.
             */
            if (status.w_coredump)
                p->status |= PCOREDUMP;

            /*
             * We're only going to note processes
             * exiting if all the processes in the
             * job are complete.
             */
            if (alldone(j))
                j->status |= JNEEDNOTE;
        }

        /*
         * If this process is the one which was in the
         * foreground, we need to do special things,
         * and then return to the main control section
         * of the shell.
         */
        if (j->pgrp == TermPgrp) {
            /*
             * If the job is stopped, we need to call
             * the stop routine.
             */
            if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
                stop(j);
                printf("Stopped\n");
            }

            /*
             * If the job exited or died somehow, we
             * need to regain control of the terminal.
             */
            if (WIFEXITED(status) || WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
                ioctl(1, TIOCSPGRP, &MyPgrp);
                TermPgrp = MyPgrp;
            }

            /*
             * Go back.
             */
            return;
        }
    }
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/11.1.c0000644000076400001440000000372307055334412016001 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define NSTRS       3           /* no. of strings  */
#define ADDRESS     "mysocket"  /* addr to connect */

/*
 * Strings we send to the server.
 */
char *strs[NSTRS] = {
    "This is the first string from the client.\n",
    "This is the second string from the client.\n",
    "This is the third string from the client.\n"
};

main()
{
    char c;
    FILE *fp;
    register int i, s, len;
    struct sockaddr_un saun;

    /*
     * Get a socket to work with.  This socket will
     * be in the UNIX domain, and will be a
     * stream socket.
     */
    if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("client: socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Create the address we will be connecting to.
     */
    saun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(saun.sun_path, ADDRESS);

    /*
     * Try to connect to the address.  For this to
     * succeed, the server must already have bound
     * this address, and must have issued a listen()
     * request.
     *
     * The third argument indicates the "length" of
     * the structure, not just the length of the
     * socket name.
     */
    len = sizeof(saun.sun_family) + strlen(saun.sun_path);

    if (connect(s, &saun, len) < 0) {
        perror("client: connect");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We'll use stdio for reading
     * the socket.
     */
    fp = fdopen(s, "r");

    /*
     * First we read some strings from the server
     * and print them out.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) {
        while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
            putchar(c);

            if (c == '\n')
                break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Now we send some strings to the server.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++)
        send(s, strs[i], strlen(strs[i]), 0);

    /*
     * We can simply use close() to terminate the
     * connection, since we're done with both sides.
     */
    close(s);

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/11.2.c0000644000076400001440000000451507055334413016003 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define NSTRS       3           /* no. of strings  */
#define ADDRESS     "mysocket"  /* addr to connect */

/*
 * Strings we send to the client.
 */
char *strs[NSTRS] = {
    "This is the first string from the server.\n",
    "This is the second string from the server.\n",
    "This is the third string from the server.\n"
};

main()
{
    char c;
    FILE *fp;
    int fromlen;
    register int i, s, ns, len;
    struct sockaddr_un saun, fsaun;

    /*
     * Get a socket to work with.  This socket will
     * be in the UNIX domain, and will be a
     * stream socket.
     */
    if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("server: socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Create the address we will be binding to.
     */
    saun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(saun.sun_path, ADDRESS);

    /*
     * Try to bind the address to the socket.  We
     * unlink the name first so that the bind won't
     * fail.
     *
     * The third argument indicates the "length" of
     * the structure, not just the length of the
     * socket name.
     */
    unlink(ADDRESS);
    len = sizeof(saun.sun_family) + strlen(saun.sun_path);

    if (bind(s, &saun, len) < 0) {
        perror("server: bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Listen on the socket.
     */
    if (listen(s, 5) < 0) {
        perror("server: listen");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Accept connections.  When we accept one, ns
     * will be connected to the client.  fsaun will
     * contain the address of the client.
     */
    if ((ns = accept(s, &fsaun, &fromlen)) < 0) {
        perror("server: accept");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We'll use stdio for reading the socket.
     */
    fp = fdopen(ns, "r");

    /*
     * First we send some strings to the client.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++)
        send(ns, strs[i], strlen(strs[i]), 0);

    /*
     * Then we read some strings from the client and
     * print them out.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) {
        while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
            putchar(c);

            if (c == '\n')
                break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * We can simply use close() to terminate the
     * connection, since we're done with both sides.
     */
    close(s);

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/11.3.c0000644000076400001440000000206307055334414016001 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define MSGSZ     128

#ifdef	NOT_USED
/*
 * Declare the message structure.
 */
struct msgbuf {
    long    mtype;
    char    mtext[MSGSZ];
};
#endif	/* NOT_USED */

main()
{
    int msqid;
    key_t key;
    struct msgbuf sbuf, rbuf;

    /*
     * Create a message queue with "name" 1234.
     */
    key = 1234;

    /*
     * We want to let everyone read and
     * write on this message queue, hence
     * we use 0666 as the permissions.
     */
    if ((msqid = msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0666)) < 0) {
        perror("msgget");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Receive a message.
     */
    if (msgrcv(msqid, &rbuf, MSGSZ, 0, 0) < 0) {
        perror("msgrcv");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We send a message of type 2.
     */
    sbuf.mtype = 2;
    sprintf(sbuf.mtext, "I received your message.");

    /*
     * Send an answer.
     */
    if (msgsnd(msqid, &sbuf, strlen(sbuf.mtext) + 1, 0) < 0) {
        perror("msgsnd");
        exit(1);
    }

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/11.4.c0000644000076400001440000000212007055334414015774 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define MSGSZ     128

#ifdef	NOT_USED
/*
 * Declare the message structure.
 */
struct msgbuf {
    long    mtype;
    char    mtext[MSGSZ];
};
#endif	/* NOT_USED */

main()
{
    int msqid;
    key_t key;
    struct msgbuf sbuf, rbuf;

    /*
     * Get the message queue id for the
     * "name" 1234, which was created by
     * the server.
     */
    key = 1234;

    if ((msqid = msgget(key, 0666)) < 0) {
        perror("msgget");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We'll send message type 1, the server
     * will send message type 2.
     */
    sbuf.mtype = 1;
    sprintf(sbuf.mtext, "Did you get this?");

    /*
     * Send a message.
     */
    if (msgsnd(msqid, &sbuf, strlen(sbuf.mtext) + 1, 0) < 0) {
        perror("msgsnd");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Receive an answer of message type 2.
     */
    if (msgrcv(msqid, &rbuf, MSGSZ, 2, 0) < 0) {
        perror("msgrcv");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Print the answer.
     */
    printf("%s\n", rbuf.mtext);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/11.5.c0000644000076400001440000000201107055334414015774 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define SHMSZ     27

main()
{
    char c;
    int shmid;
    key_t key;
    char *shmat();
    char *shm, *s;

    /*
     * We'll name our shared memory segment
     * "5678".
     */
    key = 5678;

    /*
     * Create the segment.
     */
    if ((shmid = shmget(key, SHMSZ, IPC_CREAT | 0666)) < 0) {
        perror("shmget");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now we attach the segment to our data space.
     */
    if ((shm = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0)) == (char *) -1) {
        perror("shmat");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now put some things into the memory for the
     * other process to read.
     */
    s = shm;

    for (c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++)
        *s++ = c;
    *s = NULL;

    /*
     * Finally, we wait until the other process 
     * changes the first character of our memory
     * to '*', indicating that it has read what 
     * we put there.
     */
    while (*shm != '*')
        sleep(1);

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/11.6.c0000644000076400001440000000162607055334414016010 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define SHMSZ     27

main()
{
    int shmid;
    key_t key;
    char *shmat();
    char *shm, *s;

    /*
     * We need to get the segment named
     * "5678", created by the server.
     */
    key = 5678;

    /*
     * Locate the segment.
     */
    if ((shmid = shmget(key, SHMSZ, 0666)) < 0) {
        perror("shmget");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now we attach the segment to our data space.
     */
    if ((shm = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0)) == (char *) -1) {
        perror("shmat");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now read what the server put in the memory.
     */
    for (s = shm; *s != NULL; s++)
        putchar(*s);
    putchar('\n');

    /*
     * Finally, change the first character of the 
     * segment to '*', indicating we have read 
     * the segment.
     */
    *shm = '*';

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/11.7.c0000644000076400001440000000173107055334415016007 /*
 * shm-client - client program to demonstrate shared memory.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define SHMSZ     27

main()
{
    int shmid;
    key_t key;
    char *shmat();
    char *shm, *s;

    /*
     * We need to get the segment named
     * "5678", created by the server.
     */
    key = 5678;

    /*
     * Locate the segment.
     */
    if ((shmid = shmget(key, SHMSZ, 0666)) < 0) {
        perror("shmget");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now we attach the segment to our data space.
     */
    if ((shm = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0)) == (char *) -1) {
        perror("shmat");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now read what the server put in the memory.
     */
    for (s = shm; *s != NULL; s++)
        putchar(*s);
    putchar('\n');

    /*
     * Finally, change the first character of the 
     * segment to '*', indicating we have read 
     * the segment.
     */
    *shm = '*';

    exit(0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/12.1.c0000644000076400001440000000460407055334415016004 /*
 * Connects to the local host at port 1234.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define NSTRS     3     /* no. of strings  */

/*
 * Strings we send to the server.
 */
char *strs[NSTRS] = {
    "This is the first string from the client.\n",
    "This is the second string from the client.\n",
    "This is the third string from the client.\n"
};

extern int errno;

main()
{
    char c;
    FILE *fp;
    char hostname[64];
    register int i, s;
    struct hostent *hp;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;

    /*
     * Before we can do anything, we need to know
     * our hostname.
     */
    gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));

    /*
     * Next, we need to look up the network
     * address of our host.
     */
    if ((hp = gethostbyname(hostname)) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown host.\n", hostname);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Get a socket to work with.  This socket will
     * be in the Internet domain, and will be a
     * stream socket.
     */
    if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("client: socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Create the address we will be connecting to.
     * We use port 1234 but put it into network
     * byte order.  Also, we use bcopy (see Chapter
     * 14) to copy the network number.
     */
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(1234);
    bcopy(hp->h_addr, &sin.sin_addr, hp->h_length);

    /*
     * Try to connect to the address.  For this to
     * succeed, the server must already have bound
     * this address, and must have issued a listen()
     * request.
     */
    if (connect(s, &sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) {
        perror("client: connect");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We'll use stdio for reading
     * the socket.
     */
    fp = fdopen(s, "r");

    /*
     * First we read some strings from the server
     * and print them out.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) {
        while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
            putchar(c);

            if (c == '\n')
                break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Now we send some strings to the server.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++)
        send(s, strs[i], strlen(strs[i]), 0);


    /*
     * We can simply use close() to terminate the
     * connection, since we're done with both sides.
     */
    close(s);

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/12.2.c0000644000076400001440000000523607055334416016010 /*
 * Connects to port 1234 on the local host.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define NSTRS     3     /* no. of strings */

/*
 * Strings we send to the client.
 */
char *strs[NSTRS] = {
    "This is the first string from the server.\n",
    "This is the second string from the server.\n",
    "This is the third string from the server.\n"
};

extern int errno;

main()
{
    char c;
    FILE *fp;
    int fromlen;
    char hostname[64];
    struct hostent *hp;
    register int i, s, ns;
    struct sockaddr_in sin, fsin;

    /*
     * Before we can do anything, we need
     * to know our hostname.
     */
    gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));

    /*
     * Now we look up our host to get
     * its network number.
     */
    if ((hp = gethostbyname(hostname)) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: host unknown.\n", hostname);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Get a socket to work with.  This socket will
     * be in the Internet domain, and will be a
     * stream socket.
     */
    if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("server: socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Create the address that we will be binding to.
     * We use port 1234 but put it into network
     * byte order.  Also, we use bcopy (see 
     * Chapter 14) to copy the network number.
     */
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(1234);
    bcopy(hp->h_addr, &sin.sin_addr, hp->h_length);

    /*
     * Try to bind the address to the socket.
     */
    if (bind(s, &sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) {
        perror("server: bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Listen on the socket.
     */
    if (listen(s, 5) < 0) {
        perror("server: listen");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Accept connections.  When we accept one, ns
     * will be connected to the client.  fsin will
     * contain the address of the client.
     */
    if ((ns = accept(s, &fsin, &fromlen)) < 0) {
        perror("server: accept");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We'll use stdio for reading the socket.
     */
    fp = fdopen(ns, "r");

    /*
     * First we send some strings to the client.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++)
        send(ns, strs[i], strlen(strs[i]), 0);

    /*
     * Then we read some strings from the client
     * and print them out.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) {
        while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
            putchar(c);

            if (c == '\n')
                break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * We can simply use close() to terminate the
     * connection, since we're done with both sides.
     */
    close(s);

    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/12.3.c0000644000076400001440000000360607055334417016011 #include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define BUFSZ       256
#define SERVICE     "daytime"

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    int s, n, len;
    char buf[BUFSZ];
    struct hostent *hp;
    struct servent *sp;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;

    /*
     * Get a datagram socket in the Internet
     * domain.
     */
    if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Look up the port number of the service.
     */
    if ((sp = getservbyname(SERVICE, "udp")) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s/udp: unknown service.\n", SERVICE);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * For each host on the command line...
     */
    while (--argc) {
        /*
         * Look up the network number of
         * the host.
         */
        if ((hp = gethostbyname(*++argv)) == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: host unknown.\n", *argv);
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * Build the address of the server on
         * the remote machine.
         */
        sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
        sin.sin_port = sp->s_port;
        bcopy(hp->h_addr, &sin.sin_addr, hp->h_length);

        /*
         * Print the name of the host.
         */
        printf("%s: ", *argv);
        fflush(stdout);

        /*
         * Send a datagram to the server.
         */
        if (sendto(s, buf, BUFSZ, 0, &sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) {
            perror("sendto");
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * Receive a datagram back.
         */
        len = sizeof(sin);
        n = recvfrom(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, &sin, &len);

        if (n < 0) {
            perror("recvfrom");
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * Print the datagram.
         */
        buf[n] = NULL;
        printf("%s\n", buf);
    }

    close(s);
    exit(0);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/13.1.c0000644000076400001440000001217207055334420016000 /*
 * Sys V version
 *
 * Reads the i-node structures from a raw disk
 * device and then sums up the disk usage for
 * each user.  Prints out the number of blocks
 * each user is using.
 */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

/*
 * Maximum user id.
 */
#ifndef MAXUID
#define MAXUID    32768
#endif

#define SBSIZE    BSIZE            /* size of super-block    */
#define sblock    sb_un.u_sblock

/*
 * The super-block.  We allow enough room for
 * a complete disk block.
 */
union {
    char    dummy[SBSIZE];
    struct  filsys u_sblock;
} sb_un;

int    nfiles;                     /* no. of files in filsys */

char   *pname;                     /* program name (argv[0]) */
char   *device;                    /* name of disk device    */
char   *filsys;                    /* name of file system    */

size_t blocks[MAXUID];             /* count of blocks used   */
struct dinode *dinode;             /* will hold the i-nodes  */

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    int i, fd;
    register ino_t ino;
    register struct dinode *di;

    /*
     * Save the program name and check our arguments.
     */
    pname = *argv;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s raw-disk-device\n", pname);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the device for reading.
     */
    device = *++argv;

    if ((fd = open(device, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
        perror(device);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Get the super-block from the device.
     */
    getsblock(fd);

    /*
     * Get the i-node structures from the device.
     */
    getinodes(fd);

    close(fd);

    /*
     * Zero the block counts.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < MAXUID; i++)
        blocks[i] = 0;

    /*
     * Add up the number of blocks being used by each
     * user id.
     */
    for (ino = 0; ino < nfiles; ino++) {
        /*
         * ROOTINO is the first i-node; skip any
         * before it.
         */
        if (ino < ROOTINO)
            continue;

        di = &dinode[ino];

        /*
         * If this is zero, the i-node is free (not
         * in use).
         */
        if ((di->di_mode & IFMT) == 0)
            continue;

        /*
         * Count the number of blocks being used by
         * this file. We round the number of bytes to
         * the next highest multiple of 512.
         */
        blocks[di->di_uid] += (di->di_size + 511) / 512;
    }

    /*
     * Print out what we added up.
     */
    printusage();
    exit(0);
}

/*
 * getsblock--get the super-block from the device referred
 *             to by fd.
 */
getsblock(fd)
int fd;
{
    /*
     * Make sure the disk information is current.  This
     * causes all disk writes to be scheduled.
     */
    sync();

    /*
     * Read in the super-block.  It is stored at file
     * system address SUPERBOFF.
     */
    lseek(fd, (long) SUPERBOFF, 0);
    read(fd, &sblock, SBSIZE);

    /*
     * The number of files (i-nodes) is calculated by
     * multiplying the number of blocks used to hold
     * i-nodes by the number of i-nodes in a block.
     */
    nfiles = sblock.s_isize * INOPB;

    /*
     * Save the name of the file system.
     */
    filsys = sblock.s_fname;
}

/*
 * getinodes--read in the i-node structures from the device
 *             referred to by fd.
 */
getinodes(fd)
int fd;
{
    register ino_t ino;
    register daddr_t iblk;
    struct dinode *malloc();

    /*
     * Allocate space for them all.
     */
    dinode = malloc(nfiles * sizeof(struct dinode));

    if (dinode == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory.\n", pname);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We read in i-nodes a disk block-full at a time.
     * The INOPB constant is the number of i-nodes in
     * a block.
     */
    for (ino = 0; ino < nfiles; ino += INOPB) {
        /*
         * The i-node's disk block number is given by
         * the itod macro.
         */
        iblk = itod(ino);

        /*
         * Read in this block of i-nodes.
         */
        bread(fd, iblk, &dinode[ino], BSIZE);
    }
}

/*
 * bread--read cnt bytes from fd into buf, starting at
 *         address bno.
 */
bread(fd, bno, buf, cnt)
daddr_t bno;
char *buf;
int cnt;
{
    int n;

    /*
     * Seek to the proper block.  The shifting by BSHIFT
     * converts the block number to a byte address.
     */
    lseek(fd, (long) (bno << BSHIFT), 0);

    /*
     * Read in the data.
     */
    if ((n = read(fd, buf, cnt)) != cnt) {
        perror(filsys);
        exit(1);
    }
}

/*
 * printusage--print out the disk usage in blocks.
 */
printusage()
{
    register int i;
    struct passwd *pwd;
    struct passwd *getpwuid();

    printf("%s (%s):\n", device, filsys);
    printf(" Blocks \t  User\n");

    for (i = 0; i < MAXUID; i++) {
        if (blocks[i] == 0)
            continue;

        /*
         * Look up the login name, and use it if
         * we find it.
         */
        if ((pwd = getpwuid(i)) != NULL)
            printf("%8d\t%s\n", blocks[i], pwd->pw_name);
        else
            printf("%8d\t#%d\n", blocks[i], i);
    }
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/13.2.c0000644000076400001440000001300007055334422015772 /*
 * Reads the i-node structures from a raw disk device and 
 * then sums up the disk usage for each user.  Prints out 
 * the number of blocks each user is using.
 *
 * If you are on a Sun workstation or other system using Sun's
 * Network File System (NFS), be sure to define the constant
 * NFS so that the proper files get included.
 */
#ifdef sun
#define NFS     1
#endif
#ifdef NFS
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#else
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#endif
/*
 * Maximum user id.
 */
#ifndef MAXUID
#define MAXUID  32768
#endif

#define sblock    sb_un.u_sblock

/*
 * The super block.  We allow enough room for
 * a complete disk block.
 */
union {
    struct  fs u_sblock;
    char    dummy[SBSIZE];
} sb_un;

int nfiles;            /* number of files in file system      */

char    *pname;        /* program name (argv[0])              */
char    *device;       /* name of the disk device given       */
char    *filsys;       /* name of the file system on device   */

size_t blocks[MAXUID]; /* count of blocks used                */
struct dinode *dinode; /* will hold all the i-node structures */

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    int i, fd;
    register ino_t ino;
    register struct dinode *di;

    /*
     * Save the program name and check our arguments.
     */
    pname = *argv;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s raw-disk-device\n", pname);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Open the device for reading.
     */
    device = *++argv;

    if ((fd = open(device, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
        perror(device);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Get the super-block from the device.
     */
    getsblock(fd);

    /*
     * Get the i-node structures from the device.
     */
    getinodes(fd);
    close(fd);

    /*
     * Zero the block counts.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < MAXUID; i++)
        blocks[i] = 0;

    /*
     * Add up the number of blocks being used by
     * each user id.
     */
    for (ino = 0; ino < nfiles; ino++) {
        /*
         * ROOTINO is the first i-node; skip any
         * before it.
         */
        if (ino < ROOTINO)
            continue;

        di = &dinode[ino];

        /*
         * If this is zero, the i-node is free (not
         * in use).
         */
        if ((di->di_mode & IFMT) == 0)
            continue;

        /*
         * Count the number of blocks being used by
         * this file.
         */
        blocks[di->di_uid] += di->di_blocks;
    }

    /*
     * Print out what we added up.
     */
    printusage();
    exit(0);
}

/*
 * getsblock--get the super-block from the device
 *             referred to by fd.
 */
getsblock(fd)
int fd;
{
    /*
     * Make sure the disk information is current.
     * This causes all disk writes to be scheduled.
     */
    sync();

    /*
     * Read in the super-block.  It is stored at file
     * system block number SBLOCK.
     */
    bread(fd, SBLOCK, &sblock, SBSIZE);

    /*
     * The number of files (i-nodes) is calculated by
     * multiplying the number of i-nodes per cylinder
     * group by the number of cylinder groups.
     */
    nfiles = sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg;

    /*
     * Save the name of the file system.
     */
    filsys = sblock.fs_fsmnt;
}

/*
 * getinodes--read in the i-node structures from the device
 *             referred to by fd.
 */
getinodes(fd)
int fd;
{
    register ino_t ino;
    register daddr_t iblk;
    struct dinode *malloc();

    /*
     * Allocate space for them all.
     */
    dinode = malloc(nfiles * sizeof(struct dinode));

    if (dinode == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory.\n", pname);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * We read in i-nodes a disk block-full at a time.
     * The INOPB macro returns the number of i-nodes
     * in a block; it uses the super-block to determine
     * the file system block size.
     */
     for (ino = 0; ino < nfiles; ino += INOPB(&sblock)) {
     /*
      * The i-node file system block number is given by 
      * the itod macro.  The disk block number is computed
      * from the file system block number by the fsbtodb macro.
      */

       iblk = fsbtodb(&sblock, itod(&sblock, ino));

       /*
        * Read in this block of i-nodes.
        */
       bread(fd, iblk, &dinode[ino], sblock.fs_bsize);
    }
}
 
/*
 * bread-read cnt bytes form fd into buf, starting at
 *          address bno.
 */
bread(fd, bno, buf, cnt)
daddr_t bno;
char *buf;
int cnt;
{
    int n;

    /*
     * Seek to the proper block.  The dtob macro converts 
     * the block number to a byte address.
     */
    lseek(fd, (long) dtob(bno), L_SET);

    /* 
     * Round cnt up to a multiple of the device block size.
     */
    cnt = roundup(cnt, DEV_BSIZE);

    /*
     * Read in the data.
     */
    if ((n = read(fd, buf, cnt)) != cnt) {
       perror(filsys);
       exit(1);
    }
}

/*
 * printusage-print out the disk usage in blocks.
 */
printusage()
{
    register int i;
    struct passwd *pwd;

    printf("%s (%s):\n", device, filsys);
    printf(" Blocks \\t  User\n");

    for (i=0; i < MAXUID; i++) {
          if (blocks[i] == 0)
              continue;

      /*
       * Look up the login name, and use it if we find it.
       */
      if ((pwd = getpwuid(i)) != NULL)
         printf("%8d\\t%s\n", blocks[i], pwd->pw_name);
      else
         printf("%8d\\t#%d\n", blocks[i], i);
    }
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/13.3.c0000644000076400001440000000545607055334422016013 
#include	
#include	
#include	
#include	
#include	

#define sblock    sb_un.u_sblock

/*
 * The super block.  We allow enough room for
 * a complete disk block.
 */
union {
    struct  fs u_sblock;
    char    dummy[SBSIZE];
} sb_un;

read_blocks(dp)
struct dinode *dp;
{
    int count;
    register int i, n;
    char dblock[MAXBSIZE];

    count = dp->di_size;

    /*
     * For each direct block in the file (NDADDR indicates
     * the number of direct addresses stored)...
     */
    for (i = 0; (i < NDADDR) && (count > 0); i++) {
        /* 
         * Read in the block from disk.  Read in count
         * bytes or a disk block, whichever is less.
         */
        bread(fsbtodb(&sblock, dp->di_db[i]), dblock,
              n = min(count, sblock.fs_bsize));
        count -= n;

        /* process data block ... */
   
    }

    /* 
     * Now start reading the indirect blocks.  NIADDR is 
     * the number of indirect addresses.  Recall that 
     * the first indirect address is singly indirect,
     * the second is doubly indirect, an so on.
     */
    for (i = 0; (i < NIADDR) && (count > 0); i++)
        read_indirect (dp->di_ib[i], i, &count);
}

/*
 * read_indirect--read the indirect blocks of the file.  The
 * level argument indicates our level of indirection; 0 is 
 * singly indirect, 1 is doubly indirect, and so on.
 */
read_indirect (blkno, level, count)
ino_t blkno;
int *count;
int level;
{
    register int i, n;
    char dblock[MAXBSIZE];
    daddr_t idblk[MAXBSIZE / sizeof(daddr_t)];

    /*
     * Read in the block from disk.
     */
    if (blkno)
        bread(fsbtodb(&sblock, blkno), idblk, sblock.fs_bsize);
     else
        bzero(idblk, sblock.fs_bsize);

    /* 
     * If level is zero, then this block contains disk block
     * addresses, since blkno was a singly indirect address.
     * If level is non-zero, then this block contains addresses
     * of more indirect blocks.
     */
    if (level <= 0) {
        /*
         * For each disk block (the NINDIR macro returns
         * the number of indirect addresses in a block)...
         */
        for (i = 0; (i < NINDIR(&sblock)) && (*count > 0); i++) {
            /*
             * Read in the block from disk.
             */
            bread(fsbtodb(&sblock, idblk[i]), dblock,
                  n = min(*count, sblock.fs_bsize));
            *count -= n;

            /* process data block ... */
      }

      /*
       * Done processing.
       */
      return;
  }

     /*
      * Decrement the level we're at.
      */
     level--;

     /*
      * Handle the next level of indirection by calling
      * ourselves recursively with each address in this
      * block.
      */
     for (i = 0; i < NINDIR(&sblock); i++)  
         read_indirect(idblk[i], level, count);
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/14.1.c0000644000076400001440000000073307055334422016003 #include 
#include 
#include 

/*
 * setlim--set the resource limit lim to the value val.
 */
setlim(lim, val)
int lim, val;
{
    struct rlimit rlim;

    /*
     * First get the current limits so we
     * will know the maximum value.
     */
    getrlimit(lim, &rlim);

    /*
     * Now change the current limit.
     */
    rlim.rlim_cur = val;

    /*
     * Now set the new limit.
     */
    return(setrlimit(lim, &rlim));
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/CONTRIB/OR_USING_C/14.2.c0000644000076400001440000000324307055334423016004 #include 

#define NSTRS      10         /* number of strings     */
#define STRLEN     16         /* length of each string */

char strs[NSTRS][STRLEN];     /* array of strings      */

main()
{
    int i;
    extern int compare1(), compare2();

    /*
     * Prompt the user for NSTRS strings.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) {
        printf("Enter string #%d: ", i);
        gets(strs[i]);
    }

    /*
     * Sort the strings into ascending order.  There
     * are NSTRS array elements, each one is STRLEN
     * characters long.  Note we give the size of
     * the array element, not the length of the
     * string in it.
     */
    qsort(strs, NSTRS, STRLEN, compare1);

    /*
     * Print the strings.
     */
    printf("\nSorted in ascending order:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++)
        printf("\t%s\n", strs[i]);

    /*
     * Now sort the strings in descending order.
     */
    qsort(strs, NSTRS, STRLEN, compare2);

    printf("\nSorted in descending order:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++)
        printf("\t%s\n", strs[i]);

    exit(0);
}

/*
 * compare1--compare a and b, and return less than,
 *            greater than, or equal to zero.  Since
 *            we are comparing character strings, we
 *            can just use strcmp to do the work for us.
 */
compare1(a, b)
char *a, *b;
{
    return(strcmp(a, b));
}

/*
 * compare2--this compares a and b, but is used for
 *            sorting in the opposite order.  Thus it
 *            returns the opposite of strcmp.  We can
 *            simulate this by simply reversing the
 *            arguments when we call strcmp.
 */
compare2(a, b)
char *a, *b;
{
    return(strcmp(b, a));
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/C/glossary.html0000644000076400001440000002174507055333530015163 

Glossary of C terms.




    

    

    Glossary of C terms.
    

    

    




    


    Address.

    Reference to a memory location.
In C pointers are used to hold addresses.

    



    ANSI

    American

    



    API

    Application Programming Interface

    


    Argument.

    A value passed to a function
(see parameter).

    


    Base Class

    See C++ glossary.

    



    Block.

    A sequence of 
definitions,
declarations and 
statements, 
enclosed within braces {}.
    



    Character Array.

    A set of elements of type 
char. (Can be used to store a 
string).
    


    Class

    See C++ glossary.

    


    Compilation error.

    Error which occurs during the translation of source code into machine
code.
    


    Compiler.

    A program which converts source code into machine code.
    


    Compound Statement.

    A sequence of simple statements.
    


    Constant (common all garden)

    An item that represents a value that cannot be changed.
For Example:

       
        123
        'x'

    


    Constant (symbolic)

    A symbol defined in a #define
preprocessor directive to represent
a constant value.
    


    Data type.

    Definition of the data. int, char, float.
    




    Declaration.

    A construct which associates attributes to a variable name
or function.
    
No storage is reserved.
    
For example:

            extrn int  a;
        extrn char c;

    
    variable declaration
    
A structure decleration could look like:

            struct per_rec
        {
            int   age;
            char *surname;
            char *firstname;
        };

    

    




    Definition.

      

    1. Variable definition is a declaration with storage allocation.
      

              int a;
        char c;
        struct per_rec person;

      
                        

    2. A construct which specifies the name,parameters and return type
of a function.
      
For example a function definition would be:

              long sqr(int num)
        {
            return(num*num);
        }

      

    



    Derived Class

    See C++ glossary.

    





    Encapsulation.

    The C++ concept of grouping related variables and 
    controlling the operations performed apon them. The 
    encapsulated variables can be considered to be 
    contained in their own environment.


    


    Escape sequence.

    Control codes comprising combinations of a backslash followed by
letters or digits which represent non printing characters.
    


    Executable program.

    Program which will run in the environment of the operating system
or within an appropriate run time environment.
    


    Executable (stand-alone) program.

    Program which will run within the environment of the operating system
without additional utilities or support.
    


    Expression.

    A sequence of operators and operands which may yield a single value.
    


    File.

    Data stored as an electronic file.
    



    File descriptor.

    This is used in 
low level I/O 
(open/read/write/close functions) to
identify a file. It is an integer number assigned to a file name 
by open and then used as a unique identifier by
read/write and close.

    


    Floating-point Number.

    Number having a decimal place or exponent.
    


    Format specification.

    A string which controls how input or output shall be presented.
    


    Identifier.

    The names used to refer to stored data values such as constants, 
variables or functions.


    Integer.

    A number without a fractional part.
    



    Keyword.

    A word which has a predefined meaning to a 'C' compiler and therefore 
must not be used for any other purpose.
    


    library file.

    The file which contains compiled versions of commonly used functions 
which can be linked to an object file to make an executable program.
    


    Library function.

    A function whose code is contained in the external library file.


    Line.

    One line of input from the standard input device (keyboard) which is
terminated with a newline character. The newline character is replaced by a 
null character.
    


    Literal.

    Characters, letters or 
strings
which are to be taken literally and used
as constants rather than identifiers.
    




    Method.

    C++ talk meaning a member function of a class.


    



    Object

    See C++ glossary.

    



    Object Code.

    Code which is directly understandable by the machine (machine code).
    



    Operand.

    An expression acted on by an operator. For example:

            z = a + b;

    
a and b are both operands of the + operator.


    

    Parameter.

    A value received by a function.
    



    Pointer.

    Variable containing an address.

    


    Polymorphism

    See C++ glossary.

    



    POSIX

    Portable Operating System Interface.

    


    Precedence
(of operators)

    The order in which operators are dealt with during the evaluation
of an expression.
    


    Preprocessor.

    A processor which manipulates the initial directives of the source file
which contains instructions about how the source file shall be processed 
and compiled.
    


    Preprocessor directive.

    Source file instruction about how the file shall be processed and 
compiled.
    


    Program.

    A text file comprising code which can be compiled.
    


    Run time error.

    An error which occurs when a program is executed.
    


    Reserved word. (keyword)

    A word which has a predefined meaning to a 'C' compiler and therefore 
must not be used for any other purpose.
    



    Scope.

    



    Source code.

    A text file comprising code which can be compiled.
    


    Statement.

    A simple statement is an expression followed by a semicolon.
(See compound statement and block).
    



    String.

    A string in 'C' is an array of characters terminated by a 
Null character
('\0').

    


    SubClass

    See C++ glossary.

    


    SuperClass

    See C++ glossary.

    


    Syntax error.

    A mistake in the source code which prevents the compiler from converting
it into object code.
    



    Threads.

    A process has five fundamental parts: code ("text"), data (VM),
stack, file I/O, and signal tables. Theads are spawned from a process
and can share these parts to comunicate with each other.

    
The traditional method of spawning processes (fork) could only communicate
with other forked processes via pipes and and "shared memory". The result is
threads can communicate easily and have a low CPU overhead.

    


    Variable.

    An identifier (and storage) for a 
data type 
and for which the data value
is allowed to change as the program runs.
    


    


    
 
    

    

    

    

    

                  Top

          Master Index

       Keywords

      Functions


    

    

    

    

    

    Martin Leslie 

    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405232013721 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/GDB/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405231014314 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/GDB/Makefile.am0000644000076400001440000000011207055335222016253 EXTRA_DIST =
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405232014747 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/inline.html0000644000076400001440000000215107055335223017023 INLINE keyword




    

    INLINE keyword
    

    

    
The inline keyword allows C++ programmers to dispence macros created with the 
#define preprocessor.  

    
 

    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    
o
macros.


    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

C++ Keywords

Functions


    

    

    

    

    


    Martin Leslie 
17-Feb-96
    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/Master.html0000644000076400001440000000125207055335231017000 







    

    

    C++ Syntax
    

    


    

Text goes here.



    

    

    

    

    

                  Top

          Master Index

                      C++ Keywords

      Functions


    

    

    

    

    

    Martin Leslie 

    

    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/keywords.html0000644000076400001440000000424707055335227017430 


   
   
   C++ keywords.




    

    

    
C++ keywords.
    


    Some of the keywords on C have new meanings or have been overloaded
in the world of C++, the following list shows the keywords that have changed.

    

    
struct

static

const

enum

    

    


    

    The following list shows the keywords that have been added to C++.

    

    
bool

catch

class

delete

friend

inline

    


    
new

namespace

operator

private 

protected 

public 

    


    
tempate 

this 

throw 

try 

template 

    

    


    

    The base C keywords are here

    

    

    
Top

Master Index

C++ Keywords

Functions

    

    


    

    

    
Martin Leslie 08-Dec-96
    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/syntax.htm0000644000076400001440000000454307055335231016725 

   C++ Syntax




    


    

    
C++ Syntax
    


    o C++ Keywords

    o C
Keywords

    o C++ Comments.

    o C++ Operators.

    o C++ Cast


    Function Enhancements in C++
    


    o Function Overloading

    o Default Parameters values.

    o Reference variables.


    Object Oriented features within C++
    


    o         class statement

    o  Constructors and Destructors.

    o        Inline methods.

    o  Inheritance

    o        Friends of classes.

    o      Operator Ovrloading.


    

    

    

    
Top 

Master Index 

C++ Keywords 

Functions 

    

    


    

    
Martin Leslie


    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/struct.html0000644000076400001440000000433207055335232017074 

STRUCT keyword





    

    

    struct keyword in C++
    

    

    


    
The struct keyword was introduced in 'C', its original functionality
is documented
here.

    

C++ has added two new features to structures.

      

    1. The syntax has been improved slightly so you no longer have to
    mess around with typedef statements.

    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      ANSI C approch to structures.
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    typedef struct Person {int age; char *name} Person_t;   

    struct Person FirstMan;
    Person_t      SecondMan;
    
      
    
      
    
      

    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      C++ structures.
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    struct Person {int age; char *name};   

    Person FirstMan;
    Person SecondMan;
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    

    2. C++ also took the original idea of structures and added the ability to
    associate functions with the data within the structure. This feature
    was wrapped up with the introduction of the
    class keyword.

    

    

    

    Examples:
    

Example program.

    

    

    See Also:
    
o
C++ Keywords

    
o
C Keywords

    


    

    

    

    

    

                  Top

          Master Index

                      C++ Keywords

      Functions


    

    

    

    

    

    Martin Leslie 
12 Nov 98
    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/const.html0000644000076400001440000000217007055335227016700 const keyword








    

    const keyword
    

    

    
In the C++ world, the use of const is considered to be an 
improvement over #define
in general the usual 
C programming rules apply.
There is one exception within a class, this is because the class syntax
does not allow the assignment of a variable when it is declared. The result
is a rather strange looking syntax. Please see the example below.

    
 

    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    
o
C version of const.

    
o
Theory of constants.

    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/namespace.html0000644000076400001440000000203007055335231017474 NAMESPACE keyword



    

    namespace keyword
    

    

    
The namespace keyword is a new addition to C++. Not all
compilers support the namespace features. As my compiler
does not support is feature, I am unable to document it at this time :-(  

    
 

    

    Examples:
    

Example program not written.....

    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    


    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

C++ Keywords

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    Martin Leslie 
08-Aug-97
    


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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/comment.html0000644000076400001440000000262407055335225017216 
C++ Comments.




    

    

    C++ Comments.
    

    

    

    
C++ allows // as an inline comment, it can be used on any line and is
delimited by the newline character (return).

    

    

      

    


    
  main()
  {
      int Counter = 0;       // Initalise Counter.

      /* Start the main processing here. */
  }


    
    		

    

    

    

    
A handy feature of the new comments is the ability to nest them within the
old style comments.

    
This provides a handy debugging tool. If you write your normal comments 
using the // syntax, you can then comment out blocks of code while 
debugging with  /* */




    

    C comments
    

/* ... */ comments

    


    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

C++ Keywords

Functions


    

    

    

    



    


    Martin Leslie
30-Jan-96
    
    
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/new.html0000644000076400001440000000535007055335224016343 NEW operator




    

    NEW operator.
    

    

    
The new operator replaces the 
malloc 
function provided in C to reserve storage taken from the heap.

    
The new operator requires one operand that describes the 
type of data to be stored in the memory. Here are some examples.

    

    

    

    


    
    int *ptr1;                  // Declare a pointer to int.
    ptr1 = new int;             // Reserve storage and point to it.
    
    float *ptr2 = new float;    // Do it all in one statement.
    
    delete ptr1;                // Free the storage.
    delete ptr2;
    
    struct House                // Declare a complex structure.
    {
        int Floors;
        int Windows;
    };
    
    House *ptr3 = new House;    // Reserve storage and point to it.

    delete ptr3;

    
    		

    

    

    

    

Blocks or arrays of storage can also be reserved as show in the 
next example.


    

    

    

    


    
    char *ptr
    ptr = new char[80];
    
    delete [] ptr;          // Free the storage.

    
    		

    

    

    

    



Although new and 
malloc
can be intermixed in the same code, it is probably best
to continue using 
malloc
in existing code and new in new code. This is because
you can not use 
delete with storage thats been
reserved with malloc and visa versa. If you keep to one 
method or the other you are less likely to make a mistake.

    

    

    Examples:
    

Example program.

    

    See Also:
    

delete keyword.

    

    


    C References
    

    

malloc function.


    

free function.



    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 
17-Feb-96
    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/throw.html0000644000076400001440000000155607055335232016720 

catch, throw and try keywords.





    

    

    catch, throw and try keywords.
    

    


    

Text goes here.


    

    Examples:
    

A quick example.

    

    See Also:
    

    



    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 

    

    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/delete.html0000644000076400001440000000433607055335225017020 DELETE keyword




    

    DELETE keyword
    

    

    
The delete keyword replaces the
free
function in C and will release storage reserved with
new.


    

    

    

    


    
    int *ptr1;                  // Declare a pointer to int.
    ptr1 = new int;             // Reserve storage and point to it.
    
    float *ptr2 = new float;    // Do it all in one statement.
    
    delete ptr1;                // Free the storage.
    delete ptr2;
    
    struct House                // Declare a complex structure.
    {
        int Floors;
        int Windows;
    };
    
    House *ptr3 = new House;    // Reserve storage and point to it.

    delete ptr3;

    
    		

    

    

    

    

Blocks or arrays of storage can also be freed as shown in the 
next example.


    

    

    

    


    
    char *ptr
    ptr = new char[80];
    
    delete [] ptr;          // Free the storage.

    
    		

    

    

    

    

 

    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    

    See Also:
    
o
new keyword.

    


    C References
    

    
o
malloc function.


    
o
free function.



    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 
17-Feb-96
    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/static.htm0000644000076400001440000000325007055335230016657 

static keyword





    

    static keyword
    

    

    
The static keyword has been extended in C++ to have the
following meanings.

    


    

    C++ Context
Action

    

A variable outside of a function. 


Variable can be seen by all functions in the file. Default.


    

    

Variable inside a function.


The variable is permanent. The variable can only be initalised
once and only one copy of the variable exists. Recursive calls
use the same variable.


    

    

A class member variable


Only one copy of the variable exists. All instances of the object
use the same variable (memory location).


    

    

A class member function (method).


Function can only access static members of the class


    

    

    


    
Here is the way static works in C

    

    Examples:
    

No example programs yet.

    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    


    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie
08-Dec-96
    
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/ops.html0000644000076400001440000000271307055335233016353 
C++ Operators





    

    C++ Operators
    

    

    
The following operators have been introducedor overloaded within C++.

    

             ::     Scope. Identifies a global variable.
         <<     Insertion.
         >>     Extraction.
         
        Apparantly new and delete are operators, not keywords.
        
         new Dynamc allocation operator
         delete Free memory.
         

    
 

    

    Examples:
    


    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    
Base operators offered by C

    


    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie


    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/bool.html0000644000076400001440000000165007055335232016503 

bool keyword (datatype)






    

    

    bool keyword (datatype)
    

    


    
bool is new to C++. It is not available in all versions
of the compiler as it is a recent addition.


    

The original datatypes fount in C are
here



    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 

    

    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/enum.html0000644000076400001440000000454607055335233016524 

   ENUM keyword





    

    

    
C++ changes to ENUM.

    

    


    


    In the C++ world, the rules applying to 
enum have been altered.


      

    • Definitions no longer require the enum prefix or a 
typedef fudge.

    

    

    


    
    main ()
    {
        enum Currancy = {STERLING, DOLLAR, RUPEE};
                                                                
        enum Currancy GreenBack = DOLLAR;     // Valid in C and C++
        Currancy Pounds = STERLING;           // Valid in C++ only.

    }

    
    		

    

    




      

    • 
An enum is no longer considered to be an int
datatype. Because it has its own datatype you can not perform normal arithmatic
apon enum variables. The following program is now invalid.
      • 

    

    

    


    
    main ()
    {
        enum Currancy = {STERLING, DOLLAR, RUPEE};

        Currancy Pounds = STERLING;

        Pounds = 2;             // Invalid Statement.

        Pounds++;               // Invalid Statement.
    }

    
    		

    

    


    

    

    
Examples:
    
o Example
program.  

    

    
See Also:
    


    

    
C References
    
o C
version of enum.


    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 
25-Oct-98
    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/operator.html0000644000076400001440000000161707055335223017406 INLINE keyword




    

    operator keyword
    

    

    
The operator keyword 

    
 

    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    


    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 
08-Dec-96
    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/friend.html0000644000076400001440000000162407055335225017022 FRIEND keyword




    

    friend keyword
    

    

    
The friend keyword 

    
 

    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    


    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 
08-Dec-96
    


c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/class.html0000644000076400001440000000711607055335227016664 CLASS keyword




    

    class keyword
    

    

    
The concept of a class 
allows you to 
encapsulate
 a set of related variables and only 
allow access to them via predetermined functions. 

    

The class keyword is used to declare the group of variables
and functions and the visability of the variables and functions.
Here is a basic example.


    

    

    

    


    
    class String 
    {
    public:
  
        void Set(char *InputStr)   // Declare an Access function
        { 
            strcpy(Str, InputStr); 
        }

    private:
        
        char Str[80];      // Declare a hidden variable.
  
    };

    
    		

    

    

    

    


      

    • private: means that all variables and functions that 
    follow are only visable from within the class.
    

    • public: all functions and variables that follow this
    statement can be accessed from outside the class.

    

Now we have declared a class called String we need to 
use it.

    

    

    

    


    
    main()
    {
        String Title;
        
        Title.Set("My First Masterpiece.");
    }

    
    		

    

    

    

    

This code creates a String 
object 
called Title and then uses the Set member function
to initialise the value of Str. 

    
In C++ the member function Set is also known as a 
method 

    
This is the strength
of object oriented programming, the ONLY way to change 
Str is via the Set method.


    

The final code example brings the last two examples together
ands a new method (called Get) that shows the contents of
Str


    

    

    

    


    
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <iostream.h>               // Instead of stdio.h

    class String 
    {
    public:
  
        void Set(char *InputStr)   // Declare an Access function
        { 
            strcpy(Str, InputStr); 
        }
        
    char *Get(void)                // Declare an Access function
        { 
            return(Str); 
        }
        

    private:
        
        char Str[80];      // Declare a hidden variable.
  
    };

    main()
    {
        String Title;
        
        Title.Set("My First Masterpiece.");
        
        cout << Title.Get() << endl;
    }

    
    		

    

    

    

    

 

    

    Examples:
    

Example program.

    

    See Also:
    


Constructors and destructors.

    

Class Inheritance.

    

    


    C References
    

    


    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 
08-Feb-96
    


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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405231015136 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/overload.cc0000644000076400001440000000103607055335222017171     
   #include 
    
    void Add(int Left,   int Right);
    void Add(double Left, double Right);

    main ()
    {
        
        Add(5, 9);
        Add(3.2, 7.1);
    }
 
    // integer version of Add.
       
    void Add(int Left, int Right)
    {
        cout << Left << " + " << Right << " = " << Left+Right << endl;
    }
    
    // float version of Add.
    
    void Add(double Left, double Right)
    {
        cout << Left << " + " << Right << " = " << Left+Right << endl;
    }
     
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/struct1.cc0000644000076400001440000000256107055335212016766 /******************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Program to demonstrate struct in C++.
 * Date:    04-Aug-97
 * Author:  M J Leslie.
 * Descrip:
 *
 ******************************************************************/

#include                           // printf

struct Person
{
    // ... Declare the variables in the 'Person' structure.
    // ... This is normal C syntax.
        
    char Name[35];
    int  Age;

    // ... Declare a function within the structure. This is
    // ... new to C++
    
    int  YearsToRetire(void)         // \
    {                                // ---  Function in a structure.
        return 65-Age;               // ---
    }                                // /
};

// ... Program to test the 'Person' structure.

int main(int argc, char **argc )
{
    // ...  Create a person called Mr Leslie.
        
    Person Mr_Leslie;

    // ...  Put some data into the structure.
        
    strcpy(Mr_Leslie.Name, "Martin");
        
    Mr_Leslie.Age=36;

    // ...  Extract data from the structure.
    // ...  Use the 'YearsToRetire' function to
    // ...  Calculate the number of years this poor
    // ...  soul has to work before retirement.
    
    printf("%s will retire in %d years\n",
           Mr_Leslie.Name,
           Mr_Leslie.YearsToRetire());    // <--  Call the function.

    return (0);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/enum1.c0000644000076400001440000000061007055335221016234 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


// #include 

main()
{
    enum Colour { Red=1, Amber, Green};
    
    Colour TraficLight;
    
    
    TraficLight++;
    
    return 0;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/const1.cc0000644000076400001440000000151207055335213016564 
/**************************************************************************
 *
 * Language: C++
 * Purpose:  Program to demonstrate the 'new' statement.
 * Author:   M J Leslie
 * Date:     27-Sep-98
 *
 * Initialise a constant within a class.
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include                   // For cout.

class Math
{
public:
   
    // Constructor contains the definition of PI.

    Math() : PI(3.142) {}

    ~Math() {}
    
    float Diameter (float Radius)
    {
        return (Radius * PI);
    }

private:

    // Declare PI. We can not assign a value here.

    const float PI;
      
};

main()
{
    Math    Formula;
    float   Radius = 5;

    cout << " Radius is   " << Radius << endl;
    cout << " Diameter is " << Formula.Diameter(Radius) << endl;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/scope.cc0000644000076400001440000000076507055335214016500 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include                            // cout, cin

int Counter = 1;
        
main()     
{
            
   int Counter = 1;
            
   for (int i=0; i< 10; i++)
   {
       cout << Counter << " " << ::Counter << endl;
       Counter++; 
   }
            
   return 0;
}

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/io1.cc0000644000076400001440000000073507055335211016051 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include                // cout, cin

main()
{
  char buf[255];
  
  cout << "Please enter a string ==> ";     // O/P to STDOUT (screen).
  cin  >> buf;                  // I/P from STDIN (keyboard).
  cout << "Entered string is " << buf << endl;  
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/io2.cc0000644000076400001440000000134707055335212016053 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include                 // ifstream, ofstream, fstream
#include                // cin, cout

main()
{
  char buf[255];
  char File[]="tempfile";
  
  cout << "Please enter a string => ";      // O/P to STDOUT (screen).
  cin >> buf;                   // Read from STDIN (keyboard).
  
  cout << " Writing string to " << File << "\n";
  
  ofstream fp(File);                    // Open file for O/P
  fp << buf << "\n";                // Write to the file.

        // ... File is closed at program end.
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/new.cc0000644000076400001440000000164707055335212016156 
/**************************************************************************
 *
 * Language: C++
 * Purpose:  Program to demonstrate the 'new' statement.
 * Author:   M J Leslie
 * Date:     14-Feb-96
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include                   // For cout.

typedef struct
  {
    char Model[256];
    int  Wheels;
    int  Doors;
    int  EngineSize;
  } Car_t;

main()
{
  Car_t *Models;                       // Create a pointer.

  Models = new Car_t;                  // Allocate stoarage.

                                       // Load with data.
  strcpy(Models->Model, "Escort");
  Models->Wheels = 4;
  Models->Doors  = 3;
  Models->EngineSize = 1499;

                                       // Display data.

   cout << Models->Model << " has " << Models->Doors << "doors" << endl;

   delete Models;                      // Free the storage. 
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/enum1.cc0000644000076400001440000000060707055335221016405 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include 

main()
{
    enum Colour { Red=1, Amber, Green};
    
    Colour TraficLight++;
    
    
    TraficLight++;
    
    return 0;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/class1.cc0000644000076400001440000000135107055335211016542 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: First example of the class statement.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include 
#include                // Instead of stdio.h

class String 
{
public:

    void Set(char *InputStr)   // Declare an Access function
    { 
        strcpy(Str, InputStr); 
    }
      
    char *Get(void)                // Declare an Access function
    { 
        return(Str); 
    }

    private:

    char Str[80];      // Declare a hidden variable.
};

main()
{
    String Title;

    Title.Set("My First Masterpiece.");

    cout << Title.Get() << endl;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/class2.cc0000644000076400001440000000154607055335222016553 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include 
#include                // Instead of stdio.h

class string 
{
    public:
  
    // Constructor.

    string()
    {  
    Age=35;
    }
   
    // Destructors (Clear storage - free()).

    ~String()
    {}
    
    // ... Overloaded functions.
     
    void print()           
    { 
    cout << "Martin is " << Age << endl ; 
    }
    
    void print(char * str) 
    { 
    cout << "** " << str << " **\n"; 
    }

    private:
        
    int Age;                    // Declare Age
  
};

main()
{
    string test;    // Constructor inserted by the compiler here.
    
    test.print();
    test.print("Leslie");
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/inherit.cc0000644000076400001440000000312607055335213017022 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include 
#include                // Instead of stdio.h


// ... The base class 'Fabric'
// ... is no different to normal.


class Fabric
{
public:

    Fabric() {};
    ~Fabric(){};

    SetSize(int x, int y)
    {
        Length = x;
        Width  = y;
    }

    SetColour(char *C)
    {
        strcpy(Colour, C);
    }

private:
    int  Length;
    int  Width;
    char Colour[20];
};



// ... The derived class 'Tent'
// ... names 'Fabric' as a base class.


class Tent : public Fabric
{
public:

    Tent() {};
    ~Tent() {};

    SetNumOfPoles(int P)
    {
        Poles = P;
    }

private:
    int  Poles;
};


// ... The derived class 'Clothes' also
// ... names 'Fabric' as a base class.


class Clothes : public Fabric
{
    public:

    Clothes() {};
    ~Clothes() {};
    
    void SetNumOfButtons(int B)
    {
    Buttons = B;
    };
    
    int GetNumOfButtons(void)
    {
    return (Buttons);
    };
    
    private:
    int  Buttons;
};


// ...    Function definitions.

void Init(Fabric &Material);

main()
{  
    Tent       Frame;
    Clothes    Jacket;

    // ... Initialise using the derived methods.
    
    Init(Frame);
    Init(Jacket);

    // .. Initialise using the unique methods.
    
    Frame.SetNumOfPoles(5);
    Jacket.SetNumOfButtons(2);

}

void Init(Fabric &Material)
{
    Material.SetColour("Red");
    Material.SetSize  (10, 20);
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/throw.cc0000644000076400001440000000170307055335213016522 
/**************************************************************************
 *
 * Language: C++
 * Purpose:  Program to demonstrate the 'try', 'catch' and 'throw' statements.
 * Author:   M J Leslie
 * Date:     21-Mar-98
 *
 * Compile:  The following command was used to compile.
 *
 *                  g++ -fhandle-exceptions throw.cc -o throw
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include                   // For cout.

void ErrorFunc(int Error);

main()
{
    ErrorFunc(0);
    ErrorFunc(1);
}
void ErrorFunc(int Error)
{
    try
    {
        cout << "Error code is " << Error << endl;

        if (Error > 0 )
        {
            throw(Error);        // This statement causes control to jump
                                 // to the 'catch' statement
        }

        cout << "No Error occoured" << endl;

    }
    catch(int n)
    {
        cout << "Error number is " << n << endl;;
    }
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/inline.cc0000644000076400001440000000050507055335212016633 
/**************************************************************************
 *
 * Language: C++
 * Purpose:  Program to demonstrate the 'inline' statement.
 * Author:   M J Leslie
 * Date:     14-Feb-96
 * Descrip:  To be written.
 *
 **************************************************************************/

main()
{
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/cast.cc0000644000076400001440000000047107055335221016311 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/

main()
{
    int var1;
    float var2;

    var2 = float(var1);

    return 0;
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/MGREP.CC0000644000076400001440000004655407055335221016145 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose:
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


/* Known problems.

  Serious memory leaks
  not enough comments
  Has problems with vi swp files on Linux (so does normal grep).

*/


extern "C"
{
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
}

#include 

// DEBUG 1 == Debugging information is required.
// DEBUG 0 == Debugging info is suppresed.

#define DEBUG 0

class List
{
public:
    List()
    {
        Reset();
    }

    ~List()
    {
    }

    void Add(int Number)
    {
        Add(Number, ':');
    }

    void Add(int Number, char Prefix)
    {
        // Are we adding the first item in the list?

        if ( pFirstItem == 0 )
        {
            // Yes.

            pFirstItem = new IntList;
            pCurrentItem = pFirstItem;
        }
        else
        {
            // No. Add the number to the end of the list.

            pCurrentItem->pNext = new IntList;
            pCurrentItem        = pCurrentItem->pNext;
        }

        pCurrentItem->Item   = Number;
        pCurrentItem->Prefix = Prefix;
        pCurrentItem->pNext  = 0;
    }

    void PointToFirstEntry(void)
    {
        pCurrentItem = pFirstItem;
    }

    void Reset(void)
    {
        // This is going to cause seriuos memory leaks!

        pFirstItem   = 0;
        pCurrentItem = 0;
    }

    int GetCurrentEntry(void)
    {
    // Check we have a valid Item.

    if (pCurrentItem)
    {
            return (pCurrentItem->Item);
    }
    else
    {
        // No Item. This could happen when the list is empty.

        return (0);
    }
    }

    int GetNextEntry(void)
    {
        // Is there another entry in the list?

        if ( pCurrentItem->pNext != 0 )
        {
            // Yes. Give it to the caller.

            pCurrentItem = pCurrentItem->pNext;

            return (pCurrentItem->Item);
        }
        else
        {
            // No. 

            return (0);
        }
    }

    char GetCurrentPrefix(void)
    {
        // pCurrentItem = pCurrentItem->pNext;

        return (pCurrentItem->Prefix);
    }

    char GetNextPrefix(void)
    {
        pCurrentItem = pCurrentItem->pNext;

        return (pCurrentItem->Prefix);
    }

private:

    struct IntList
    {
        int         Item;
        char        Prefix;
        IntList    *pNext;
    };

    IntList *pFirstItem;
    IntList *pCurrentItem;
};

class grep
{
public:

    // enum { LL = 512 } LineLength ; 

    // .......................................................................

    grep()                    // Constructor.
    {

        OFF = 0;
        ON  = 1;

        LineNumbering     = ON;

        LinesBefore       = 2;
        LinesAfter        = 2;

        LinesInFile       = 0;

        pFileName         = 0;

        SearchString      = '\0';
        InsensitiveSearch = OFF;
    }

    // .......................................................................

    ~grep ()              // Distructor.
    {
        delete[] pFileName;
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void BuildMatrix(void)
    {
        int Line     = 0;
        int StartPos = 0;
        int EndPos   = 0;
        int NextPos  = 0;

        Debug("BuildMatrix");

        FoundLines.PointToFirstEntry();

        Line = FoundLines.GetCurrentEntry();
        Debug(Line);

        // Loop until we run out of line numbers.

        while ( Line > 0 )
        {
            // Find the first line to display.

            StartPos = Line - LinesBefore;

            if ( StartPos <= EndPos )
            {
                StartPos = EndPos + 1;
            }

            while ( StartPos < Line )
            {
                LineMatrix.Add(StartPos, ':');
                Debug(StartPos, 's');
                StartPos++;
            }

            LineMatrix.Add(Line, '*');
            Debug(Line, '*');

            EndPos = Line + LinesAfter;

            if ( EndPos > LinesInFile )
            {
                EndPos = LinesInFile;
            }

            NextPos = FoundLines.GetNextEntry();

            if ( NextPos > 0 && EndPos >= NextPos )
            {
                EndPos = NextPos - 1;
            }

            Line++;

            while ( Line <= EndPos )
            {
                LineMatrix.Add(Line, ':');
                Debug(Line, 'e');
                Line++;
            }

            Line = NextPos;
            Debug(Line);
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void CaseInsensitive(void)
    {
        InsensitiveSearch = ON;
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void Diagnostic(void)
    {
        cout << endl << "Extra lines before the found line: " << LinesBefore << endl;

        if ( InsensitiveSearch )
        {
            cout << "Search is: Case Insensitive." << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "Search is: Case Sensitive." << endl;
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    int Exists(void)
    {
        // Have we got the file name?

        if ( pFileName == 0 )
        {
            // No.

            return (0);
        }
        else

        {
            // Yes. Check the file exists.

            struct stat stat_p;           /* 'stat_p' is a pointer to a structure
                                           * of type 'stat'.                      */

            /* Get stats for file and place them in
             * the structure.                       */


            if ( -1 ==  stat (pFileName, &stat_p) )
            {
                // File name not found.

                return (0);
            }

            if(!S_ISREG(stat_p.st_mode))
            {
                // This is not a regular file. It may be a directory.
                // Ignore it.

                return(0);
            }

            // File name is OK.

            return (1);
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void Name(char *pFN)
    {
        Debug("Name", pFN);

        pFileName = new char[strlen(pFN)+1];
        strcpy(pFileName, pFN);
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void NoLineNumbers(void)
    {
        LineNumbering = OFF;
    }


    // .......................................................................

    void ProcessFile(void)
    {  
        int     Line;
        int     PreviousLine= 0;
        char    Prefix;
        int     CurrentLine = 0;
        char    Buffer[512];
        int     LineCount   = 0;

        FILE   *fp;

        Debug("ProcessFile");

        cout << endl << "Search String is: " << SearchString << endl;
        cout << "File Name is: "     << pFileName    << endl;

        fp = fopen (pFileName, "r");

        LineMatrix.PointToFirstEntry();

        Line   = LineMatrix.GetCurrentEntry();
        Prefix = LineMatrix.GetCurrentPrefix();

        while ( Line > 0 )
        {
            do
            {
                fgets(Buffer, 512, fp);
                LineCount ++;
            } while ( LineCount < Line );

            // Put in a seperator between blocks.

            if ( PreviousLine+1 < Line )
            {
                Seperator();
            }

            if ( LineNumbering )
            {
                cout << Line << Prefix << " " << Buffer;
            }
            else
            {
                cout << Prefix << " " << Buffer;

            }

            PreviousLine = Line;

            Line   = LineMatrix.GetNextEntry();
            Prefix = LineMatrix.GetCurrentPrefix();
        }

        Seperator();

        fclose(fp);
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void PutSearchString(char *String)
    {
        Debug("PutSearchString");
        Debug(String);

        SearchString = new char[strlen(String)+1];
        strcpy(SearchString, String);

        if ( InsensitiveSearch )
        {
            // Yes. Convert the buffer to uppercase.

            Uppercase(SearchString);
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void Reset(void)
    {
        FoundLines.Reset();
        LineMatrix.Reset();
    }

    // .......................................................................

    int ScanFile(void)
    {
        FILE   *fp;
        char    Buffer[512];
        int     LineCounter = 0;
    int     Found       = 0;    // Number of lines that matched the search string.

        fp = fopen(pFileName, "r");

        Debug ("ScanFile");

        while ( !feof(fp) )
        {
            LineCounter++;

            fgets(Buffer, 512, fp);

        // Check the Buffer was big enough.

        if (strlen(Buffer) == 512 -1 )
        {
        cout << __FILE__ 
                     << ": Warning! Lines in " 
                     << pFileName 
                     << " exceed the max line length of " << 512 << endl;
            }

            // Are we doing a case insensitive search?

            if ( InsensitiveSearch )
            {
                // Yes. Convert the buffer to uppercase.

                Uppercase(Buffer);
            }

            if ( strstr(Buffer, SearchString) )
            {
                FoundLines.Add(LineCounter);
        Found++;
            }

        }
        fclose (fp);

        LinesInFile =  LineCounter;

    return(Found);
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void SetLines(int Lines)
    {
        SetLinesBefore(Lines);
        SetLinesAfter(Lines);
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void SetLinesBefore(int Lines)
    {
        LinesBefore = Lines;
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void SetLinesAfter(int Lines)
    {
        LinesAfter = Lines;
    }

private:

    // Debugging methods.

    void Debug(char *Message)
    {
        if ( DEBUG )
        {
            cout << "Debug: " << Message << endl;
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................
    void Debug(int Value)
    {
        if ( DEBUG )
        {
            cout << "Debug: " << Value << endl;
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void Debug(int Value, char Char)
    {
        if ( DEBUG )
        {
            cout << "Debug: " << Char << " " << Value << endl;
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void Debug(char * Str, int Value)
    {
        if ( DEBUG )
        {
            cout << "Debug: " << Str << " " << Value << endl;
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    void Debug(char * Str1, char * Str2)
    {
        if ( DEBUG )
        {
            cout << "Debug: " << Str1 << " " << Str2 << endl;
        }
    }

    // .......................................................................

    // Seperate blocks of data.

    void Seperator(void)
    {
        cout << "------"  << endl;
    }

    // .......................................................................


    void Uppercase(char *String)
    {
        int Offset = 0;

        while ( String[Offset] != (char)NULL )
        {
            String[Offset] = toupper(String[Offset]);
            Offset++;
        }
    }

    int     LineNumbering;        // ON = Line numbering required.
    int     LinesBefore;
    int     LinesAfter;

    int     LinesInFile;          // Number of lines in the file.
    int     InsensitiveSearch;    // ON = Case insensitive search required.

    char   *pFileName;            // File to be searched.
    char   *SearchString;

    List    FoundLines;           // List of lines that contain the search string.
    List    LineMatrix;           // List of lines that will be displayed.

    // Handy variables to set boolean variables.
    
    int     OFF;
    int     ON;

};  

//      Private functions.

void Debug(char *Message);

void Help(void);

void ProcessTheCommandLine(
                          int     argc,
                          char  **Argv);


//
//   Start point in the program.
//

main(
    int     Argc,
    char  **Argv)
{
    ProcessTheCommandLine(Argc, Argv);    
}

    // .......................................................................

void Help(void)
{
    cout << endl
         << " mgrep (Martins grep or Multi line grep) is an alternative to grep. " << endl
         << " The purpose is the same as grep in that it searches files " << endl
         << " looking for a supplied string. The difference is in the output, " << endl
         << " aswell as showing the line that contains the string, it also   " << endl
         << " shows the lines around the found line." << endl;

    cout << endl
         << " When reading from stdin, mgrep works a little differently to grep." << endl
         << " grep will scan the data on stdin looking for the search string." << endl
         << " mgrep assumes it is being passed file names, therefore it attempts " << endl
         << " to open the files and search the contents. " << endl;
    
    cout << endl
         << " Please note that mgrep is slower than grep, this is because it " << endl
         << " performs two passes over the files being searched. " << endl;

    cout << endl
         << "Syntax:" << endl << endl;

    // cout << " mgrep [ -d -h -l n -b n -a n -s] string [filenames]" << endl;
    cout << " mgrep [ -d -h -l n -b n -a n ] string [filenames]" << endl;
    cout << "" << endl;
    cout << " -h --------- Display this help." << endl;
    cout << " -d --------- Basic diagnostic information is printed." << endl;
    cout << " -i --------- Case insensitive search." << endl;
    cout << " -n --------- No line numbering required." << endl;
    cout << " -l n ------- Number of lines to show either side of the found line." << endl;
    cout << "              Default is 2." << endl;
    cout << " -b n ------- Number of lines to show before the found line." << endl;
    cout << "              Default is 2." << endl;
    cout << " -a n ------- Number of lines to show after the found line." << endl;
    cout << "              Default is 2." << endl;
    cout << " -s --------- Look for the list of files on STDIN." << endl;
    cout << " string ----- The string to search for." << endl;
    cout << " filenames -- List of files to search." << endl << endl;
}

    // .......................................................................

void Debug(char *Message)
{
    if ( DEBUG )
    {
        cout << "Debug: " << Message << endl;
    }
}

//
// Read the command line and act on its contents.
//

void ProcessTheCommandLine(
   int          Argc,
   char       **Argv)
{
    grep        File; 

    int         Flag               = 'x';
    int         LookAtStdin        = 0;
    int         FirstFile          = 1;
    int         DiagnosticRequired = 0;

    Debug("ProcessTheCommandLine");

    // Process the command line.

    for ( int Inc = 1; Inc < Argc; Inc++ )
    {
        // Have we got a flag?

        if ( *(Argv[Inc]) == '-' )
        {
            // Yes.

            Flag = *((Argv[Inc])+1);

            switch ( Flag )
            {
            case 'd':                     // Diagnostics requested
                DiagnosticRequired = 1;
                break;

            case 'h':                     // Help requested
                Help();
                exit(0);
                break;

            case 'i':                     // Case insensitive search
                File.CaseInsensitive();
                break;

            case 'l':                     // Number of lines to show either side of the found line.
                Inc++;
                File.SetLines(atoi(Argv[Inc]));
                break;

            case 'n':
                File.NoLineNumbers();
                break;

            case 'b':
                Inc++;
                File.SetLinesBefore(atoi(Argv[Inc]));
                break;

            case 'a':
                Inc++;
                File.SetLinesAfter(atoi(Argv[Inc]));
                break;

            case 's':
                LookAtStdin = 1;

            default:
                cout << Argv[Inc] << " is an invalid flag" << endl;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // This is not a flag, it has to be 
            // the search string or a file name.

            if ( FirstFile )
            {
                // Assume the first word following 
                // the flags is the search string.

                File.PutSearchString(Argv[Inc]);

                if ( DiagnosticRequired )
                {
                    File.Diagnostic();
                }

                FirstFile = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                File.Name(Argv[Inc]);

                // ... If the file exists, 
                // ... find and display the lines that contain 
                // ... the search string.

                if ( !File.Exists() )
                {
                    // cout << "File " << Argv[Inc] << " not found. " << endl;
                }
                else
                {
            int Found = 0;

                    Debug("File Found");

                    Found = File.ScanFile();

            // Only proceed with this file if we found matching records.

            if  (Found > 0)
            {
                        File.BuildMatrix();
                        File.ProcessFile();
            }
                    File.Reset();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Should we scan stdin for file names?
    // This is a bodge because I cant figure out how to do a non blocking
    // read on sdtin.
    
    if (LookAtStdin)
    {
        // Yes.
        
        char FileName[256];

        // check we have a search string before looking in STDIN for filenames.

        if (FirstFile)
        {
            cout << __FILE__ << ": Search string not Supplied. " << endl;
            Help();
            return;
        }

        // Disable buffering on stdin. This mean that stdin can be
        // read without special cmd line flags and fgets does not 
        // lock up the program.

        char Buffer[BUFSIZ];

        // setvbuf(stdin, Buffer);

        // Now check STDIN for file names.

        while (fgets(FileName, 256, stdin))
        {
            FileName[strlen(FileName)-1] = '\0';
            // cout << "stdin loop" << FileName << endl;
            File.Name(FileName);

            // ... If the file exists,
            // ... find and display the lines that contain
            // ... the search string.

            if ( !File.Exists() )
            {
                // cout << "File " << FileName << " not found. " << endl;
            }
            else
            {
                int Found = 0;

                Debug("File Found");

                Found = File.ScanFile();

                // Only proceed with this file if we found matching records.

                if  (Found > 0)
                {
                    File.BuildMatrix();
                    File.ProcessFile();
                }
                File.Reset();
            }
        }
    }
}

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/refvar.cc0000644000076400001440000000066107055335212016645 /************************************************************************
 *
 * Purpose: Demonstrate the use of reference variables.
 * Author:  M J Leslie
 * Date:    26-Oct-98
 *
 ************************************************************************/


#include 

int Square(int &Val);

main()
{
    int Number=10;

    Square(Number);

    printf("Number is %d\n", Number);
}

int Square(int &Val)
{
    Val *= Val;
}
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/EXAMPLES/mjl_test.cc0000644000076400001440000000103607055335222017177     
   #include 
    
    void Add(int Left,   int Right);
    void Add(double Left, double Right);

    main ()
    {
        
        Add(5, 9);
        Add(3.2, 7.1);
    }
 
    // integer version of Add.
       
    void Add(int Left, int Right)
    {
        cout << Left << " + " << Right << " = " << Left+Right << endl;
    }
    
    // float version of Add.
    
    void Add(double Left, double Right)
    {
        cout << Left << " + " << Right << " = " << Left+Right << endl;
    }
     
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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/cref.html0000644000076400001440000000412207055335116015437 




C++ Programming Reference

    

    

    C++ Programming Reference. 
    

    Release 0.1
    

    

    

    
The "C++ Programming Reference" contains my personnel notes on C++
and are not released to the public. If you are reading this 
BEWARE, it is not complete or factual.
Martin Leslie
    

    


    

    o
  Introduction.

    


    o
 C++ Syntax


    o
 C++ Example programs


    o
  C programming problems.


    o
 C Technique and Style.

    

    o
 C Function Quick reference.


    o
 C Creating your own function library.

    

    o
  GCC Compiler errors.


    o
  GDB Debugger.

    

    o
  Glossary of terms.


    o
  Master Index.

    


    o
  Interesting C++ related items from the net.

    


    


    o
  Latest updates and future enhancements.

    


    


    o
Download the source to this guide.

    


    

    Martin Leslie 
01-Oct-98
    
    

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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/0000777000076400001440000000000007474405231015013 5c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/constructor.html0000644000076400001440000000315107055335242020201 

Constructors and Destructors.




    

    Constructors and Destructors.
    

    


    Constructor
    

The constructor is executed when an object is created.
Its purpose is to initalise variables with in an object 
before they can be used.



      

    • If you do not provide a constructor for a class, the compiler 
    will create a default constructor for you.


    • If the object has global scope, the constructor is executed 
    before main() 

    

    

    Copy Constructor
    

    

    Assignment Constructor
    

    

    Destructor
    

    


    

    Examples:
    
o
    Example program.

    


    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    
o
data types.




    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

Keywords

Functions


    

    

    

    

    


    Martin Leslie 


    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/fundefault.html0000644000076400001440000000511407055335241017751 

Default Parameters.




    

    Default Parameters.
    

    

    
Within C you could not provide default values for function
parameters. Well, C++ has come to your rescue. 

    


    

    

    


    
    #include <iostream.h>
    
    void Func( int one, int two=2, int three=3);
    
    main ()
    {
        Func(10, 20, 30);
        Func(10, 20);   // Let the last parm default
        Func(10);       // Just provide the required parm.
    }
    

    void Func( int one, int two, int three)
    {
        cout << "One   = " << one   << endl;
        cout << "Two   = " << two   << endl;
        cout << "Three = " << three << endl << endl;
    }

    
    		

    

    

    


    
From this example, you can see that the prototype/function declaration
gives default values for the second and third parameters. It is now 
down to the programmer calling the function to decide how many
s/he wants to provide.

    
There are some basic rules that should be applied when using 
default parameter values.

      

    • When a default is provided, all remaining parameters must be
    given defaults. There can not be any holes.

    • Default values must be of the correct type.

    • Defaults can be placed on the function prototype or the function
    definition. They can also be placed in both locations at the
    same time. I have been told its good practice to place them 
    in the prototype only.

    

    

    

    Examples:
    



    

    See Also:
    

o
Function Name Overloading.
    

    


    C References
    

    
o
Function basics.




    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 


    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/Master.html0000644000076400001440000000205207055335236017051 

Title here




    

    Title here.
    

    

    


    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    


    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    
o
data types.




    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 


    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/local_var.html0000644000076400001440000000601707055335240017560 

C++ Local Variables.




    

    C++ Local Variables.
    

    

    

There is not much difference between 
 C local variables but there
is one important feature that should be noted.

      

    • Variable definitions are now considered to be executable statements.

    
This means that you can now put variable definitions anywhere in the code 
and not jut at the start of a 
block.
Here is an example.


    

    

    

    

    
    main()
    {
        float pi = 3.142;   // Usual location for variable definitions
        
        cout << "PI is " << pi << endl;
        
        int Count = 1;      // C++ allows us to place a definition here.
        
        while (Count < 10)
        {
            cout << Count << endl;
        }
    }

    

    

    

    

    

It should be noted that Count is only in scope (usable) from the 
point of definition and to the end of the block.
It can not be used in the previous cout statement.  

    

The idea of this feature is to allow you to put variable declarations 
near to the place 
you wish to use them. Personnaly, I feel this should not be neccasary
if you write small concise functions....

There is one natty feature of this facility though. Check this 
example out.

    

    

    

    

    
    main()
    {
        int Last = 10;      
        
        while (int Count; Count < Last; Count++)
        {
            cout << Count << endl;
        }
    }

    

    

    

    

    
In this example, Count is defined inside the for 
statement and only exists while the for block is being executed.



    

    

    Examples:
    



    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    

o
 C local variables

    
o
data types.




    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 


    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/reference_variable.html0000644000076400001440000000570307055335235021426 

Reference variables




    

    Reference Variables.
    

    

    
Reference variables allow two variable names to address the 
same memory location. The following example shows the 
technique in its simplest form.


    

    

    

    


            
    #include 
    
    main()
    {
        int var1;
        int &var2 = var1;       // var2 is a reference variable.

        var1 = 10;
    
        cout << "var1 = " << var1 << endl;
        cout << "var2 = " << var2 << endl;
    }

    
    		

    

    

    

    


Generally, you would not use a reference variable 
in this way. Its more likely that they would be used 
in function parameter lists to make the passing of 
pointers more readable.

    
This gives C++ the ability to provide a 
different approch to changing a variable from within a 
function. Consider the two following programs.


    

    

    

    



    
    #include <stdio.h>

    void Square(int *pVal);

    main()
    {
        int Number=10;

        printf("Number is %d\n", Number);

        Square(&Number);

        printf("Number is %d\n", Number);
    }

    void Square(int *pVal)
    {
        *pVal *= *pVal;            
        
        printf("Number is %d\n", *pVal);
    }


    
    		


    
    #include <stdio.h>

    void Square(int &Val);

    main()
    {
        int Number=10;

        printf("Number is %d\n", Number);

        Square(Number);

        printf("Number is %d\n", Number);
    }

    void Square(int &Val)
    {
        Val *= Val;
        
        printf("Number is %d\n", Val);
    }


    
    		

    

    

    

    

The program on the right should be clearer to read 
because you do not need to worry about pointer 
dereferencing.


    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    


o
Example C program.



    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    
o
data types.




    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

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    Martin Leslie 
29-Sep-96
    



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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/scope.html0000644000076400001440000000373307055335237016737 

Scope in C++




    

    Scope in C++.
    

    

    
                               
The :: operator is used within C++ to identify global variables that 
conflict with local variable names. Obviously it would be good programming 
practice to use suitable names in the first place......


    

    

    

    


    
        #include 
        
        int Counter = 1;
        
        main()     
        {
            int Counter = 1;
            
            for (int i=0; i< 10; i++)
            {
                cout << Counter << " " << ::Counter << endl;
                Counter++; 
            }
            
            return 0;
        }

    

    


    

    

    


    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    


    

    See Also:
    
o
C++ operators..

    

    


    C References
    

    
o
Global Variables.

    
o
C Expressions and Operators.





    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 


    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/cast.html0000644000076400001440000000305607055335240016550 

C++ casting




    

    C++ casting.
    

    

    

C++ has added a new feature to  
cast
that allows you to cast variables by using a slightly 
more familuar syntax. Have a look at the example below.


    

    

    

    


            
    main()
    {
        int var1;
        float var2;

        var2 = float(var1);
    }

    
    		

    

    

    

    
The example shows that casting can now look like a function call.

     

    

    Examples:
    


o
C++ Example program.



    

    See Also:
    

    

    


    C References
    

    
o
C casting.




    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie 


    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/inheritance.html0000644000076400001440000001047607055335236020120 

Inheritance




    

    Inheritance.
    

    

    
Inheritance enables classes to use the properties of other classes and
add to those properties.

    
The thing to remember about object programming is that it attempts to
create a software model as close to the real world as possible. Inheritance
forms an important role to meet this need. Take the following example.

    
A fabric can have a colour and size and it is also used to make clothes
as well as tents. Now looking at this from the other angle tents are made
from fabric and poles but clothes are made from fabric and buttons.
So, Tents and clothes have something in common, fabric! If we described
tents and clothes in C++, we can seperate fabric into a seperate class
that the Tent and Clothes classes can inherit.

    

    

    

    


    
       -----------         
      |  Fabric   |        
       -----------         
          A    A           
          |    |           
       ---      ---        
      |            |       
 ---------     ----------- 
|  Tent   |   |  Clothes  |
 ---------     ----------- 



    

    


    

    

    
Now for some buzz words:

      

    1. Fabric is a base class

    2. Tent and Clothes are derived classes

    
This is what the code looks like:

    

    

    

    


    
// ... The base class 'Fabric'
// ... is no different to normal.

    

    

    

    
  class Fabric
  {
  public:

       Fabric() {};
      ~Fabric() {};

      SetSize(int x, int y)
      {
          Length = x;
          Width  = y;
      };

      SetColour(char *C)
      {
         strcpy(Colour, C); 
      }

  private:
      int  Length;
      int  Width;
      char Colour[20];
  };


    

    


    

    

    


    

    

    


    
// ... The derived class 'Tent'
// ... names 'Fabric' as a base class.

    
    		


    
// ... The derived class 'Clothes' also
// ... names 'Fabric' as a base class.

    
    		

    

    

    
  class Tent : public Fabric
  {
  public:

       Tent() {};
      ~Tent() {};

      SetNumOfPoles(int P)
      {
          Poles = P;
      };

  private:
      int  Poles;
  };
        

    
    		


    
  class Clothes : public Fabric
  {
  public:

      Clothes() {};
      ~Clothes() {};

      SetNumOfButtons(int B)
      {
          Buttons = B;
      };

  private:
      int  Buttons;
  };
        

    

    


    

    

    

What we now have are three classes with the following public methods.


      

    • Fabric

        

      1. SetSize

      2. SetColour

      

    • Tents

        

      1. SetSize

      2. SetColour

      3. SetNumOfPoles

      

    • Clothes

        

      1. SetSize

      2. SetColour

      3. SetNumOfButtons

      

    



    Using the classes
    

So we have three classes, they are used in the same way as before but
with one extra feature.

    
Consider this piece of code.



    

    

    


      void Init(Fabric &Material);

  main()
  {
      Tent       Frame;
      Clothes    Jacket;

      Init(Frame);
      Init(Jacket);
  }

  void Init(Fabric &Material)
  {
      Material.SetColour("Red");
      Material.SetSize  (10, 20);
  }
     

    

    


    

    

    

The function 'Init' expects an object of type 'Fabric' but we
are passing objects of type 'Tents' and 'Clothes', this is OK as
'Tents' and 'Clothes' are derived from Fabric.


    

    

    Examples:
    
o
The final program.

    


    

    See Also:
    



    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

Keywords

Functions


    

    

    

    

    


    Martin Leslie 
29-Dec-97
    



c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONCEPT/funcoverload.html0000644000076400001440000000624307055335242020310 

Function Overloading.




    

    Function Overloading.
    

    

    
Overloading is a technique that allows you to give a several
functions with the same name but different parameter lists.

    
Consider the following program.

    

    

    

    


    
    #include <iostream.h>
    
    void Add(int Left,   int Right);

    main ()
    {
        Add(5, 9);              // Integer Add.
        Add(3.2, 7.1);          // Floating point Add.
    }
 
    // Integer version of Add.
       
    void Add(int Left, int Right)
    {
        cout << Left << " + " << Right << " = " << Left+Right << endl;
    }

    
    		

    

    

     

    
The program contains the Add function that adds integers.
But the main calls it twice, once passing integers and the second
time passing floating point numbers. The program will compile and run
but you will get incorrect results because the floats will be 
 cast to integers. 

    
The second
program offers a solution by overloading the Add function.


    

    

    

    


    
    #include <iostream.h>
    
    void Add(int    Left, int    Right);
    void Add(double Left, double Right);

    main ()
    {
        Add(5, 9);             // Integer Add.        
        Add(3.2, 7.1);         // Floating point Add. 
    }
 
    // Integer version of Add.
       
    void Add(int Left, int Right)
    {
        cout << Left << " + " << Right << " = " << Left+Right << endl;
    }
 
    // float version of Add.
    
    void Add(double Left, double Right)
    {
        cout << Left << " + " << Right << " = " << Left+Right << endl;
    }


    
    		

    

                            

     

The compiler can now look at the call list and match it with
a function with the correct parameter list and the floating 
point addition is performed correctly.


    

Please note that the returned argument is not used when matching 
overloaded functions.



    

    Examples:
    
o
Example program.

    


    

    See Also:
    

o
Default Parameter Values..


    

    


    C References
    

    
o
Function Basics.




    

    

    

    

    

Top

Master Index

Keywords

Functions


    

    

    

    

    


    Martin Leslie 


    



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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONTRIB/intro.html0000644000076400001440000000072007055335117016754 
C++ Internet References.






    

                      

    C++ Internet References.
    

    

    

    
Goodies I have found on the net.

    

    


GNU Standard C++ library. Found at




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c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONTRIB/GNU_STDLIB/libgpp_toc.html0000644000076400001440000001516107055335121021435 

to the GNU C++ Library - Table of Contents

    to the GNU C++ Library
    

    last updated April 29, 1992
    

    for version 2.0
    

    Doug Lea (dl@g.oswego.edu)
    

    

    
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/CONTRIB/GNU_STDLIB/libgpp.html0000644000076400001440000062534107055335211020577 

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    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
    

    
  If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
everyone can redistribute and change.  You can do so by permitting
redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
ordinary General Public License).

    
  To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

    

    one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) year  name of author

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA.

    

    
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

    
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if
necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

    

    Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in
the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written
by James Random Hacker.

signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1990
Ty Coon, President of Vice

    

    
That's all there is to it!

    

    Contributors to GNU C++ library
    

    
Aside from Michael Tiemann, who worked out the front end for GNU C++, and
Richard Stallman, who worked out the back end, the following people (not
including those who have made their contributions to GNU CC) should not go
unmentioned.

    

      

    • 
Doug Lea contributed most otherwise unattributed classes.

      

    • 
Per Bothner contributed the iostream I/O classes.

      

    • 
Dirk Grunwald contributed the Random number generation classes,
and PairingHeaps.

      

    • 
Kurt Baudendistel contributed Fixed precision reals.

      

    • 
Doug Schmidt contributed ordered hash tables, a perfect
hash function generator, and several other utilities.

      

    • 
Marc Shapiro contributed the ideas and preliminary code for Plexes.

      

    • 
Eric Newton contributed the curses window classes.

      

    • 
Some of the I/O code is derived from BSD 4.4,
and was developed by the University of California, Berkeley.

      

    • 
The code for converting accurately between floating point numbers
and their string representations was written by David M. Gay of AT&T.

    

    

    Installing GNU C++ library
    

    

      

    1. 
Read through the README file and the Makefile. Make sure that all
paths, system-dependent compile switches, and program names are correct.

      

    2. 
Check that files  `values.h', `stdio.h',
and `math.h' declare and define values appropriate for your
system.

      

    3. 
Type `make all' to compile the library, test, and install.
Current details about contents of the tests and utilities are in the 
`README' file.

      

    

    

    Trouble in Installation
    

    
Here are some of the things that have caused trouble for people installing
GNU C++ library.

    

      

    1. 
Make sure that your GNU C++ version number is at least as high as your
libg++ version number. For example, libg++ 1.22.0 requires g++ 1.22.0 or
later releases.

      

    2. 
Double-check system constants in the header files mentioned above.

      

    

    

    GNU C++ library aims, objectives, and limitations
    

    
The GNU C++ library, libg++ is an attempt to provide a variety of C++
programming tools and other support to GNU C++ programmers.

    
Differences in distribution policy are only part of the difference
between libg++.a and AT&T libC.a.  libg++ is not intended to be an
exact clone of libC. For one, libg++ contains bits of code that depend
on special features of GNU g++ that are either different or lacking in
the AT&T version, including slightly different inlining and overloading
strategies, dynamic local arrays, etc.  All of these
differences are minor. For example, while the AT&T and GNU stream
classes are implemented in very different ways, the vast majority of
C++ programs compile and run under either version with no visible
difference. Additionally, all g++-specific constructs are conditionally
compiled; The library is designed to be compatible with any 2.0 C++
compiler.

    
libg++ has also contained workarounds for some limitations in g++: both
g++ and libg++ are still undergoing rapid development and testing--a
task that is helped tremendously by the feedback of active users.  This
manual is also still under development; it has some catching up to do
to include all the facilities now in the library.

    
libg++ is not the only freely available source of C++ class libraries.
Some notable alternative sources are Interviews and NIHCL.
(InterViews has been available on the X-windows X11 tapes and also
from interviews.stanford.edu.  NIHCL is available by anonymous
ftp from GNU archives (such as the pub directory of prep.ai.mit.edu),
although it is not supported by the FSF - and needs some work
before it will work with g++.)

    
As every C++ programmer knows, the design (moreso than the
implementation) of a C++ class library is something of a challenge.
Part of the reason is that C++ supports two, partially incompatible,
styles of object-oriented programming -- The "forest" approach,
involving a collection of free-standing classes that can be mixed and
matched, versus the completely hierarchical (smalltalk style)
approach, in which all classes are derived from a common ancestor.  Of
course, both styles have advantages and disadvantages.  So far, libg++
has adopted the "forest" approach.  Keith Gorlen's OOPS library adopts
the hierarchical approach, and may be an attractive alternative for C++
programmers who prefer this style.

    
Currently (and/or in the near future) libg++ provides support for a
few basic kinds of classes:

    
The first kind of support provides an interface between C++ programs and
C libraries. This includes basic header files (like `stdio.h') as
well as things like the File and stream classes. Other classes that
interface to other aspects of C libraries (like those that maintain
environmental information) are in various stages of development; all
will undergo implementation modifications when the forthcoming GNU libc
library is released.

    
The second kind of support contains general-purpose basic classes that
transparently manage variable-sized objects on the freestore.  This
includes Obstacks, multiple-precision Integers and Rationals,
arbitrary length Strings, BitSets, and BitStrings.

    
Third, several classes and utilities of common interest (e.g.,
Complex numbers) are provided.

    
Fourth, a set of pseudo-generic prototype files are available
as a mechanism for generating common container classes. These
are described in more detail in the introduction to container
prototypes. Currently, only a textual substitution
mechanism is available for generic class creation.

    

    GNU C++ library stylistic conventions
    

    

      

      

    • 
C++ source files have file extension `.cc'. Both C-compatibility
header files and class declaration files have extension `.h'.

      

    • 
C++ class names begin with capital letters, except for istream
and ostream, for AT&T C++ compatibility. Multi-word class
names capitalize each word, with no underscore separation.

      

    • 
Include files that define C++ classes begin with capital letters
(as do the names of the classes themselves).  `stream.h' is
uncapitalized for AT&T C++ compatibility.  

      

    • 
Include files that supply function prototypes for other C
functions (system calls and libraries) are all lower case.

      

    • 
All include files define a preprocessor variable _X_h, where X
is the name of the file, and conditionally compile only if this
has not been already defined. The #pragma once facility
is also used to avoid re-inclusion.

      

    • 
Structures and objects that must be publicly defined,
but are not intended for public use have names beginning
with an underscore. (for example, the _Srep struct, which
is used only by the String and SubString classes.)

      

    • 
The underscore is used to separate components of long function
names, 
      e.g., set_File_exception_handler().

      

    • 
When a function could be usefully defined either as a
member or a friend, it is generally a member if it modifies
and/or returns itself, else it is a friend. There are cases
where naturalness of expression wins out over this rule.

      

    • 
Class declaration files are formatted so that it is easy
to quickly check them to determine function names, parameters,
and so on. Because of the different kinds of things that may
appear in class declarations, there is no perfect way to do
this. Any suggestions on developing a common class
declaration formatting style are welcome.

      

    • 
All classes use the same simple error (exception) handling strategy.
Almost every class has a member function named error(char* msg)
that invokes an associated error handler function via a pointer to that
function, so that the error handling function may be reset by
programmers. By default nearly all call *lib_error_handler, which
prints the message and then aborts execution. This system is subject
to change. In general, errors are assumed to be non-recoverable:
Library classes do not include code that allows graceful continuation
after exceptions.

      

    

    

    Support for representation invariants
    

    
Most GNU C++ library classes possess a method named OK(),
that is useful in helping to verify correct performance of class
operations.

    
The OK() operations checks the "representation invariant" of a
class object. This is a test to check whether the object is in a valid
state. In effect, it is a (sometimes partial) verification of the
library's promise that (1) class operations always leave objects in
valid states, and (2) the class protects itself so that client functions
cannot corrupt this state.

    
While no simple validation technique can assure that all operations
perform correctly, calls to OK() can at least verify that
operations do not corrupt representations. For example for String
a, b, c; ... a = b + c;, a call to a.OK(); will guarantee that
a is a valid String, but does not guarantee that it
contains the concatenation of b + c. However, given that a
is known to be valid, it is possible to further verify its properties,
for example via a.after(b) == c && a.before(c) == b. In other
words, OK() generally checks only those internal representation
properties that are otherwise inaccessible to users of the class. Other
class operations are often useful for further validation.

    
Failed calls to OK() call a class's error method if
one exists, else directly call abort. Failure indicates
an implementation error that should be reported.

    
With only rare exceptions, the internal support functions for a class
never themselves call OK() (although many of the test files
in the distribution call OK() extensively).

    
Verification of representational invariants can sometimes be
very time consuming for complicated data structures. 

    

    Introduction to container class prototypes
    

    
As a temporary mechanism enabling the support of generic classes, the GNU
C++ Library distribution contains a directory (`g++-include') of files
designed to serve as the basis for generating container classes of
specified elements.  These files can be used to generate `.h' and
`.cc' files in the current directory via a supplied shell script
program that performs simple textual substitution to create specific
classes.

    
While these classes are generated independently, and thus share no code,
it is possible to create versions that do share code among subclasses. For
example, using typedef void* ent, and then generating a
entList class, other derived classes could be created using the
void* coercion method described in Stroustrup, pp204-210.

    
This very simple class-generation facility is useful enough to serve
current purposes, but will be replaced with a more coherent mechanism for
handling C++ generics in a way that minimally disrupts current usage.
Without knowing exactly when or how parametric classes might be
added to the C++ language, provision of this simplest possible
mechanism, textual substitution, appears to be the safest strategy,
although it does require certain redundancies and awkward constructions.

    
Specific classes may be generated via the `genclass' shell script
program. This program has arguments specifying the kinds of base types(s)
to be used. Specifying base types requires two arguments. The first is the
name of the base type, which may be any named type, like int or
String. Only named types are supported; things like int* are
not accepted. However, pointers like this may be used by supplying the
appropriate typedefs (e.g., editing the resulting files to include
typedef int* intp;). The type name must be followed by one of the
words val or ref, to indicate whether the base elements
should be passed to functions by-value or by-reference. 

    
You can specify basic container classes using genclass base
[val,ref] proto, where proto is the name of the class being
generated.  Container classes like dictionaries and maps that require
two types may be specified via genclass -2 keytype [val, ref],
basetype [val, ref] proto, where the key type is specified first and
the contents type second.  The resulting classnames and filenames are
generated by prepending the specified type names to the prototype names,
and separating the filename parts with dots.  For example,
genclass int val List generates class intList residing in
files `int.List.h' and `int.List.cc'. genclass -2 String
ref int val VHMap generates (the awkward, but unavoidable) class name
StringintVHMap. Of course, programmers may use typedef or
simple editing to create more appropriate names.  The existence of dot
seperators in file names allows the use of GNU make to help automate
configuration and recompilation. An example Makefile exploiting such
capabilities may be found in the `libg++/proto-kit' directory.

    
The genclass utility operates via simple text substitution using
sed. All occurrences of the pseudo-types <T> and <C> 
(if there are two types) are replaced with the indicated type, and
occurrences of <T&> and <C&> are replaced by just the types,
if val is specified, or types followed by "&" if ref is
specified.

    
Programmers will frequently need to edit the `.h' file in order to
insert additional #include directives or other modifications.  A
simple utility, `prepend-header' to prepend other `.h' files
to generated files is provided in the distribution.  

    
One dubious virtue of the prototyping mechanism is that, because sources files,
not archived library classes, are generated, it is relatively simple for
programmers to modify container classes in the common case where slight
variations of standard container classes are required.

    
It is often a good idea for programmers to archive (via ar)
generated classes into `.a' files so that only those class
functions actually used in a given application will be loaded.
The test subdirectory of the distribution shows an example of this.

    
Because of #pragma interface directives, the `.cc' files
should be compiled with -O or -DUSE_LIBGXX_INLINES
enabled.

    
Many container classes require specifications over and above the base
class type. For example, classes that maintain some kind of ordering of
elements require specification of a comparison function upon which to
base the ordering.  This is accomplished via a prototype file
`defs.hP' that contains macros for these functions. While these
macros default to perform reasonable actions, they can and should be
changed in particular cases. Most prototypes require only one or a few
of these. No harm is done if unused macros are defined to perform
nonsensical actions. The macros are:

    

    

    

    DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY

    The initial capacity for containers (e.g., hash tables) that require 
an initial capacity argument for constructors. 
Default: 100

    

    <T>EQ(a, b)

    return true if a is considered equal to b for the purposes of
locating, etc., an element in a container. 
Default: (a == b)

    

    <T>LE(a, b)

    return true if a is less than or equal to b
Default: (a <= b)

    

    <T>CMP(a, b)

    return an integer < 0 if a<b, 0 if a==b, or > 0 if a>b.
Default: (a <= b)? (a==b)? 0 : -1 : 1

    

    <T>HASH(a)

    return an unsigned integer representing the hash of a.
Default: hash(a) ; where extern unsigned int hash(<T&>).
(note: several useful hash functions are declared in builtin.h
and defined in hash.cc)

    

    

    
Nearly all prototypes container classes support container
traversal via Pix pseudo indices, as described elsewhere.

    
All object containers must perform either a X::X(X&) (or
X::X() followed by X::operator =(X&)) to copy objects into
containers.  (The latter form is used for containers built from C++
arrays, like VHSets). When containers are destroyed, they invoke
X::~X().  Any objects used in containers must have well behaved
constructors and destructors. If you want to create containers that
merely reference (point to) objects that reside elsewhere, and are not
copied or destroyed inside the container, you must use containers
of pointers, not containers of objects.

    
All prototypes are designed to generate HOMOGENOUS container
classes.  There is no universally applicable method in C++ to support
heterogenous object collections with elements of various subclasses of
some specified base class. The only way to get heterogenous structures
is to use collections of pointers-to-objects, not collections of objects
(which also requires you to take responsibility for managing storage for
the objects pointed to yourself).

    
For example, the following usage illustrates a commonly encountered
danger in trying to use container classes for heterogenous structures:

    

    class Base { int x; ...}
class Derived : public Base { int y; ... }

BaseVHSet s; // class BaseVHSet generated via something like
             // `genclass Base ref VHSet'

void f()
{
  Base b;
  s.add(b); // OK

  Derived d;
  s.add(d);  // (CHOP!)
}

    

    
At the line flagged with `(CHOP!)', a Base::Base(Base&) is
called inside Set::add(Base&)---not
Derived::Derived(Derived&).  Actually, in VHSet, a
Base::operator =(Base&), is used instead to place the element in
an array slot, but with the same effect.  So only the Base part is
copied as a VHSet element (a so-called chopped-copy). In this
case, it has an x part, but no y part; and a Base, not
Derived, vtable. Objects formed via chopped copies are rarely
sensible.
    
To avoid this, you must resort to pointers:

    

    typedef Base* BasePtr;

BasePtrVHSet s; // class BaseVHSet generated via something like
                // `genclass BasePtr val VHSet'

void f()
{
  Base* bp = new Base;
  s.add(b);

  Base* dp = new Derived;
  s.add(d);  // works fine.

  // Don't forget to delete bp and dp sometime.
  // The VHSet won't do this for you.
}

    

    

    Example
    

    
The prototypes can be difficult to use on first attempt. Here is an
example that may be helpful. The utilities in the `proto-kit'
simplify much of the actions described, but are not used here.

    
Suppose you create a class Person, and want to make an Map that
links the social security numbers associated with each person. You start
off with a file `Person.h'

    

    
#include <String.h>

class Person
{
  String nm;
  String addr;
  //...
public:
  const String& name() { return nm; }
  const String& address() { return addr; }
  void          print() { ... }
  //...
}


    

    
And in file `SSN.h',

    

    typedef unsigned int SSN;

    

    
Your first decision is what storage/usage strategy to use. There are
several reasonable alternatives here: You might create an "object
collection" of Persons, a "pointer collection" of
pointers-to-Persons, or even a simple String map, housing either copies
of pointers to the names of Persons, since other fields are unused for
purposes of the Map. In an object collection, instances of class Person
"live" inside the Map, while in a pointer collection, the instances
live elsewhere. Also, as above, if instances of subclasses of Person are
to be used inside the Map, you must use pointers. In a String Map, the
same difference holds, but now only for the name fields. Any of these
choices might make sense in particular applications. 

    
The second choice is the Map implementation strategy. Either a tree
or a hash table might make sense. Suppose you want an AVL tree Map.
There are two things to now check. First, as an object collection,
the AVLMap requires that the elsement class contain an X(X&)
constructor. In C++, if you don't specify such a constructor, one
is constructed for you, but it is a very good idea to always do this
yourself, to avoid surprises. In this example, you'd use something like

    class Person 
{ ...; 
    Person(const Person& p) :nm(p.nm), addr(p.addr) {}
};

    

    
Also, an AVLMap requires a comparison function for elements in order
to maintain order. Rather than requiring you to write a particular
comparison function, a `defs' file is consulted to determine how to
compare items. You must create and edit such a file.

    
Before creating `Person.defs.h', you must first make one additional
decision. Should the Map member functions like m.contains(p)
take arguments (p) by reference (i.e., typed as 
int Map::contains(const Person& p) or by value (i.e., typed as
int Map::contains(const Person p). Generally, for user-defined
classes, you want to pass by reference, and for builtins and pointers,
to pass by value. SO you should pick by-reference.

    
You can now create `Person.defs.h' via genclass Person ref defs.
This creates a simple skeleton that you must edit. First, add
#include "Person.h" to the top. Second, edit the <T>CMP(a,b)
macro to compare on name, via

    

    #define <T>CMP(a, b) ( compare(a.name(), b.name()) )

    

    
which invokes the int compare(const String&, const String&)
function from `String.h'. Of course, you could define this in any
other way as well. In fact, the default versions in the skeleton turn
out to be OK (albeit inefficient) in this particular example.

    
You may also want to create file `SSN.defs.h'. Here, choosing
call-by-value makes sense, and since no other capabilities (like
comparison functions) of the SSNs are used (and the defaults are OK
anyway), you'd type

    

    genclass SSN val defs

    

    
and then edit to place #include "SSN.h" at the top.

    
Finally, you can generate the classes. First, generate the base
class for Maps via

    

    genclass -2 Person ref SSN val Map

    

    
This generates only the abstract class, not the implementation, in file
`Person.SSN.Map.h' and `Person.SSN.Map.cc'.  To create the
AVL implementation, type

    

    genclass -2 Person ref SSN val AVLMap

    

    
This creates the class PersonSSNAVLMap, in
`Person.SSN.AVLMap.h' and `Person.SSN.AVLMap.cc'.

    
To use the AVL implementation, compile the two generated `.cc' files, and
specify `#include "Person.SSN.AVLMap.h"' in the application program.
All other files are included in the right ways automatically.

    
One last consideration, peculiar to Maps, is to pick a reasonable
default contents when declaring an AVLMap. Zero might be appropriate
here, so you might declare a Map,

    

    PersonSSNAVLMap m((SSN)0);

    

    
Suppose you wanted a VHMap instead of an AVLMap Besides
generating different implementations, there are two differences in
how you should prepare the `defs' file. First, because a VHMap
uses a C++ array internally, and because C++ array slots are initialized
differently than single elements, you must ensure that class Person
contains (1) a no-argument constructor, and (2) an assignment operator.
You could arrange this via

    

    class Person 
{ ...; 
    Person() {}
  void operator = (const Person& p) { nm = p.nm; addr = p.addr; }
};

    

    
(The lack of action in the constructor is OK here because Strings
possess usable no-argument constructors.)

    
You also need to edit `Person.defs.h' to indicate a usable hash
function and default capacity, via something like

    

    #include <builtin.h>
#define <T>HASH(x)  (hashpjw(x.name().chars()))
#define DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY 1000

    

    
Since the hashpjw function from `builtin.h' is
appropriate here. Changing the default capacity to a value
expected to exceed the actual capacity helps to avoid
"hidden" inefficiencies when a new VHMap is created without
overriding the default, which is all too easy to do.

    
Otherwise, everything is the same as above, substituting
VHMap for AVLMap.

    

    Variable-Sized Object Representation
    

    
One of the first goals of the GNU C++ library is to enrich the kinds of
basic classes that may be considered as (nearly) "built into" C++. A good
deal of the inspiration for these efforts is derived from considering
features of other type-rich languages, particularly Common Lisp and Scheme.
The general characteristics of most class and friend operators and
functions supported by these classes has been heavily influenced
by such languages.

    
Four of these types, Strings, Integers, BitSets, and BitStrings (as well as
associated and/or derived classes) require representations suitable for
managing variable-sized objects on the free-store. The basic technique used
for all of these is the same, although various details necessarily differ
from class to class.

    
The general strategy for representing such objects is to create chunks of
memory that include both header information (e.g., the size of the object),
as well as the variable-size data (an array of some sort) at the end
of the chunk. Generally the maximum size of an object is limited to
something less than all of addressable memory, as a safeguard. The minimum
size is also limited so as not to waste allocations expanding very small
chunks. Internally, chunks are allocated in blocks well-tuned to the
performance of the new operator.

    
Class elements themselves are merely pointers to these chunks.
Most class operations are performed via inline "translation"
functions that perform the required operation on the corresponding
representation. However, constructors and assignments operate by
copying entire representations, not just pointers.

    
No attempt is made to control temporary creation in expressions
and functions involving these classes. Users of previous versions
of the classes will note the disappearance of both "Tmp" classes
and reference counting. These were dropped because, while they
did improve performance in some cases, they obscure class
mechanics, lead programmers into the false belief that they need not
worry about such things, and occasionally have paradoxical behavior.

    
These variable-sized object classes are integrated as well as possible
into C++. Most such classes possess converters that allow automatic
coercion both from and to builtin basic types. (e.g., char* to and from
String, long int to and from Integer, etc.). There are pro's and con's
to circular converters, since they can sometimes lead to the conversion
from a builtin type through to a class function and back to a builtin
type without any special attention on the part of the programmer, both
for better and worse.

    
Most of these classes also provide special-case operators and functions
mixing basic with class types, as a way to avoid constructors in cases
where the operations do not rely on anything special about the
representations.  For example, there is a special case concatenation
operator for a String concatenated with a char, since building the
result does not rely on anything about the String header. Again, there
are arguments both for and against this approach. Supporting these cases
adds a non-trivial degree of (mainly inline) function proliferation, but
results in more efficient operations. Efficiency wins out over parsimony
here, as part of the goal to produce classes that provide sufficient
functionality and efficiency so that programmers are not tempted to try
to manipulate or bypass the underlying representations.

    

    Some guidelines for using expression-oriented classes
    

    
The fact that C++ allows operators to be overloaded for user-defined
classes can make programming with library classes like Integer,
String, and so on very convenient. However, it is worth
becoming familiar with some of the inherent limitations and problems
associated with such operators.

    
Many operators are constructive, i.e., create a new object
based on some function of some arguments. Sometimes the creation
of such objects is wasteful. Most library classes supporting
expressions contain facilities that help you avoid such waste.

    
For example, for Integer a, b, c; ...;  c = a + b + a;, the
plus operator is called to sum a and b, creating a new temporary object
as its result. This temporary is then added with a, creating another
temporary, which is finally copied into c, and the temporaries are then
deleted. In other words, this code might have an effect similar to
Integer a, b, c; ...; Integer t1(a); t1 += b; Integer t2(t1);
t2 += a; c = t2;.

    
For small objects, simple operators, and/or non-time/space critical
programs, creation of temporaries is not a big problem. However, often,
when fine-tuning a program, it may be a good idea to rewrite such
code in a less pleasant, but more efficient manner.

    
For builtin types like ints, and floats, C and C++ compilers already
know how to optimize such expressions to reduce the need for
temporaries. Unfortunately, this is not true for C++ user defined
types, for the simple (but very annoying, in this context) reason that
nothing at all is guaranteed about the semantics of overloaded operators
and their interrelations. For example, if the above expression just
involved ints, not Integers, a compiler might internally convert the
statement into something like  c += a; c += b; c+= a; , or
perhaps something even more clever.  But since C++ does not know that
Integer operator += has any relation to Integer operator +, A C++
compiler cannot do this kind of expression optimization itself.

    
In many cases, you can avoid construction of temporaries simply by
using the assignment versions of operators whenever possible, since
these versions create no temporaries. However, for maximum flexibility,
most classes provide a set of "embedded assembly code" procedures
that you can use to fully control time, space, and evaluation strategies.
Most of these procedures are "three-address" procedures that take
two const source arguments, and a destination argument. The
procedures perform the appropriate actions, placing the results in
the destination (which is may involve overwriting old contents). These
procedures are designed to be fast and robust. In particular, aliasing
is always handled correctly, so that, for example
add(x, x, x);  is perfectly OK. (The names of these procedures
are listed along with the classes.)

    
For example, suppose you had an Integer expression
 a = (b - a) * -(d / c); 

    
This would be compiled as if it were
 Integer t1=b-a; Integer t2=d/c; Integer t3=-t2; Integer t4=t1*t3; a=t4;

    
But, with some manual cleverness, you might yourself some up with
 sub(a, b, a); mul(a, d, a); div(a, c, a); 

    
A related phenomenon occurs when creating your own constructive
functions returning instances of such types. Suppose you wanted
to write function 
Integer f(const Integer& a) { Integer r = a;  r += a; return r; }

    
This function, when called (as in  a = f(a); ) demonstrates a 
similar kind of wasted copy. The returned value r must be copied
out of the function before it can be used by the caller. In GNU
C++, there is an alternative via the use of named return values.
Named return values allow you to manipulate the returned object
directly, rather than requiring you to create a local inside
a function and then copy it out as the returned value. In this
example, this can be done via
Integer f(const Integer& a) return r(a) { r += a; return; }

    
A final guideline: The overloaded operators are very convenient, and
much clearer to use than procedural code. It is almost always a good
idea to make it right, then make it fast, by translating 
expression code into procedural code after it is known to be correct.

    

    Pseudo-indexes
    

    
Many useful classes operate as containers of elements. Techniques for
accessing these elements from a container differ from class to class.
In the GNU C++ library, access methods have been partially standardized
across different classes via the use of pseudo-indexes called
Pixes.  A Pix acts in some ways like an index, and in some
ways like a pointer. (Their underlying representations are just
void* pointers). A Pix is a kind of "key" that is
translated into an element access by the class.  In virtually all cases,
Pixes are pointers to some kind internal storage cells. The
containers use these pointers to extract items.

    
Pixes support traversal and inspection of elements in a
collection using analogs of array indexing. However, they are
pointer-like in that 0 is treated as an invalid Pix, and
unsafe insofar as programmers can attempt to access nonexistent elements
via dangling or otherwise invalid Pixes without first checking
for their validity. 

    
In general it is a very bad idea to perform traversals in the the midst
of destructive modifications to containers.

    
Typical applications might include code using the idiom

    for (Pix i = a.first(); i != 0; a.next(i)) use(a(i));

    
for some container a and function use.

    
Classes supporting the use of Pixes always contain the following 
methods, assuming a container a of element types of Base.

    

    

    

    Pix i = a.first()

    Set i to index the first element of a or 0 if a is empty.

    

    a.next(i)

    advance i to the next element of a or 0 if there is no next element;

    

    Base x = a(i); a(i) = x;

    a(i) returns a reference to the element indexed by i.

    

    int present = a.owns(i)

    returns true if Pix i is a valid Pix in a. This is often a
relatively slow operation, since the collection must usually 
traverse through elements to see if any correspond to the Pix.

    

    

    
Some container classes also support backwards traversal via

    

    

    Pix i = a.last()

    Set i to the last element of a or 0 if a is empty.

    

    a.prev(i)

    sets i to the previous element in a, or 0 if there is none.

    

    
Collections supporting elements with an equality operation possess

    

    

    Pix j = a.seek(x)

    sets j to the index of the first occurrence of x, or 0 if x is 
not contained in a.

    

    
Bag classes possess

    

    

    Pix j = a.seek(x, Pix from = 0)

    sets j to the index of the next occurrence of x following i,
or 0 if x is not contained in a. If i == 0, the first occurrence 
is returned.

    

    
Set, Bag, and PQ classes possess

    

    

    Pix j = a.add(x) (or a.enq(x) for priority queues)

    add x to the collection, returning its Pix. The Pix of an item
can change in collections where further additions and deletions
involve the actual movement of elements (currently in OXPSet,
OXPBag, XPPQ, VOHSet), but in all other cases, an item's Pix may
be considered a permanent key to its location.

    

    

    Header files for interfacing C++ to C
    

    
The following files are provided so that C++ programmers may
invoke common C library and system calls. The names and contents
of these files are subject to change in order to be compatible
with the forthcoming GNU C library. Other files, not listed
here, are simply C++-compatible interfaces to corresponding C
library files.

    

    

    `values.h'

    A collection of constants defining the numbers of bits in builtin
types, minimum and maximum values, and the like. Most names are
the same as those found in `values.h' found on Sun systems.

    

    `std.h'

    A collection of common system calls and `libc.a' functions.
Only those functions that can be declared without introducing
new type definitions (socket structures, for example) are
provided. Common char* functions (like strcmp) are among
the declarations. All functions are declared along with their
library names, so that they may be safely overloaded.

    

    `string.h'

    This file merely includes `<std.h>', where string function
prototypes are declared. This is a workaround for the fact that
system `string.h' and `strings.h' files often differ
in contents.

    

    `osfcn.h'

    This file merely includes `<std.h>', where system function
prototypes are declared. 

    

    `libc.h'

    This file merely includes `<std.h>', where C library function
prototypes are declared. 

    

    `math.h'

    A collection of prototypes for functions usually found in
libm.a, plus some #defined constants that appear to be
consistent with those provided in the AT&T version. The value
of HUGE should be checked before using. Declarations of
all common math functions are preceded with overload
declarations, since these are commonly overloaded.

    

    `stdio.h'

    Declaration of FILE (_iobuf), common macros (like
getc), and function prototypes for `libc.a'
functions that operate on FILE*'s. The value
BUFSIZ and the declaration of _iobuf should be
checked before using.

    

    `assert.h'

    C++ versions of assert macros.

    

    `generic.h'

    String concatenation macros useful in creating generic classes.
They are similar in function to the AT&T CC versions.

    

    `new.h'

    Declarations of the default global operator new, the two-argument
placement version, and associated error handlers.

    

    

    Utility functions for built in types
    

    
Files `builtin.h' and corresponding `.cc' implementation
files contain various convenient
inline and non-inline utility functions. These include useful
enumeration types, such as TRUE, FALSE ,the type
definition for pointers to libg++ error handling functions, and
the following functions.

    

    

    long abs(long x); double abs(double x);

    inline versions of abs. Note that the standard libc.a version,
int abs(int) is not declared as inline.

    

    void clearbit(long& x, long b);

    clears the b'th bit of x (inline).

    

    void setbit(long& x, long b);

    sets the b'th bit of x (inline)

    

    int testbit(long x, long b);

    returns the b'th bit of x (inline).

    

    int even(long y);

    returns true if x is even (inline).

    

    int odd(long y);

    returns true is x is odd (inline).

    

    int sign(long x); int sign(double x);

    returns -1, 0, or 1, indicating whether x is less than, equal to, or
greater than zero (inline).

    

    long gcd(long x, long y);

    returns the greatest common divisor of x and y.

    

    long lcm(long x, long y);

    returns the least common multiple of x and y.

    

    long lg(long x);

    returns the floor of the base 2 log of x.

    

    long pow(long x, long y); double pow(double x, long y);

    returns x to the integer power y using via the iterative O(log y)
"Russian peasant" method.

    

    long sqr(long x); double sqr(double x);

    returns x squared (inline).

    

    long sqrt(long y);

    returns the floor of the square root of x.

    

    unsigned int hashpjw(const char* s);

    a hash function for null-terminated char* strings using the
method described in Aho, Sethi, & Ullman, p 436.

    

    unsigned int multiplicativehash(int x);

    a hash function for integers that returns the lower bits of 
multiplying x by the golden ratio times pow(2, 32). 
See Knuth, Vol 3, p 508.

    

    unsigned int foldhash(double x);

    a hash function for doubles that exclusive-or's the first and
second words of x, returning the result as an integer.

    

    double start_timer()

    Starts a process timer.

    

    double return_elapsed_time(double last_time)

    Returns the process time since last_time. 
If last_time == 0 returns the time since the last start_timer. 
Returns -1 if start_timer was not first called.

    

    

    
File `Maxima.h' includes versions of MAX, MIN
for builtin types.

    
File `compare.h' includes versions of compare(x, y)
for builtin types. These return negative if the first argument
is less than the second, zero for equal, and positive for greater.

    

    Library dynamic allocation primitives
    

    
Libg++ contains versions of malloc, free, realloc that were
designed to be well-tuned to C++ applications. The source file
`malloc.c' contains some design and implementation details.
Here are the major user-visible differences from most system
malloc routines:

    

      

      

    1. 
These routines overwrite storage of freed space. This
means that it is never permissible to use a delete'd
object in any way. Doing so will either result in trapped
fatal errors or random aborts within malloc, free, or realloc.

      

    2. 
The routines tend to perform well when a large number
of objects of the same size are allocated and freed. You
may find that it is not worth it to create your
own special allocation schemes in such cases.

      

    3. 
The library sets top-level operator new() to call malloc and
operator delete() to call free. Of course, you may override these
definitions in C++ programs by creating your own operators that will
take precedence over the library versions. However, if you do so, be
sure to define both operator new() and operator
delete().

      

    4. 
These routines do not support the odd convention, maintained by
some versions of malloc, that you may call realloc with a pointer
that has been free'd.

      

    5. 
The routines automatically perform simple checks on free'd
pointers that can often determine whether users have accidentally
written beyond the boundaries of allocated space, resulting in a fatal
error.

      

    6. 
The function malloc_usable_size(void* p) returns the number of
bytes actually allocated for p. For a valid pointer (i.e., one
that has been malloc'd or realloc'd but not yet
free'd) this will return a number greater than or equal to the
requested size, else it will normally return 0. Unfortunately, a
non-zero return can not be an absolutely perfect indication of lack of
error. If a chunk has been free'd but then re-allocated for a
different purpose somewhere elsewhere, then malloc_usable_size
will return non-zero. Despite this, the function can be very valuable
for performing run-time consistency checks.

      

    7. 
malloc requires 8 bytes of overhead per allocated chunk, plus a
mmaximum alignment adjustment of 8 bytes. The number of bytes of usable
space is exactly as requested, rounded to the nearest 8 byte boundary.

      

    8. 
The routines do not contain any synchronization support for
multiprocessing. If you perform global allocation on a shared
memory multiprocessor, you should disable compilation and use
of libg++ malloc in the distribution `Makefile' and use your
system version of malloc.

      

    

    

    The new input/output classes
    

    
The iostream classes implement most of the features of AT&T
version 2.0 iostream library classes, and most of the features
of the ANSI X3J16 library draft (which is based on the AT&T design).
These classes are available in libg++ for convenience and for
compatibility with older releases; however, since the iostream classes
are licensed under less stringent terms than libg++, they are now
also available in a separate library called libio---and
documented in a separate manual, corresponding to that library.

    
See section 'Introduction' in The GNU C++ Iostream Library.

    

    The old I/O library
    

    
WARNING: This chapter describes classes that are obsolete.
These classes are normally not available when libg++
is installed normally.  The sources are currently included
in the distribution, and you can configure libg++ to use
these classes instead of the new iostream classes.
This is only a temporary measure; you should convert your
code to use iostreams as soon as possible.  The iostream
classes provide some compatibility support, but it is
very incomplete (there is no longer a File class).

    

    File-based classes
    
   
The File class supports basic IO on Unix files.  Operations are
based on common C stdio library functions.

    
File serves as the base class for istreams, ostreams, and other
derived classes. It contains the interface between the Unix stdio file
library and these more structured classes.  Most operations are implemented
as simple calls to stdio functions. File class operations are also fully
compatible with raw system file reads and writes (like the system
read and lseek calls) when buffering is disabled (see below).
The FILE* stdio file pointer is, however maintained as protected.
Classes derived from File may only use the IO operations provided by File,
which encompass essentially all stdio capabilities.

    
The class contains four general kinds of functions: methods for binding
Files to physical Unix files, basic IO methods, file and buffer
control methods, and methods for maintaining logical and physical file
status.

    
Binding and related tasks are accomplished via File constructors and
destructors, and member functions open, close, remove, filedesc,
name, setname.

    
If a file name is provided in a constructor or open, it is
maintained as class variable nm and is accessible
via name.  If no name is provided, then nm remains
null, except that Files bound to the default files stdin,
stdout, and stderr are automatically given the names
(stdin), (stdout), (stderr) respectively.  
The function setname may be used to change the
internal name of the File. This does not change the name
of the physical file bound to the File.
      
The member function close closes a file.  The
~File destructor closes a file if it is open, except
that stdin, stdout, and stderr are flushed but left open for
the system to close on program exit since some systems may
require this, and on others it does not matter.  remove
closes the file, and then deletes it if possible by calling the
system function to delete the file with the name provided in
the nm field.

    

    Basic IO
    

    

      

      

    • 
read and write perform binary IO via stdio
fread and fwrite.

      

    • 
get and put for chars invoke stdio getc
and putc macros.

      

    • 
put(const char* s) outputs a null-terminated string via
stdio fputs.

      

    • 
unget and putback are synonyms.  Both call stdio
ungetc.

      

    

    

    File Control
    

    
flush, seek, tell, and tell call the
corresponding stdio functions.

    
flush(char) and fill() call stdio _flsbuf
and _filbuf respectively.

    
setbuf is mainly useful to turn off buffering in cases
where nonsequential binary IO is being performed. raw is a
synonym for setbuf(_IONBF).  After a f.raw(), using
the stdio functions instead of the system read, write,
etc., calls entails very little overhead.  Moreover, these become
fully compatible with intermixed system calls (e.g.,
lseek(f.filedesc(), 0, 0)). While intermixing File
and system IO calls is not at all recommended, this technique
does allow the File class to be used in conjunction with
other functions and libraries already set up to operate on file
descriptors. setbuf should be called at most once after a
constructor or open, but before any IO.

    

    File Status
    

    
File status is maintained in several ways. 

    
A File may be checked for accessibility via
is_open(), which returns true if the File is bound to a
usable physical file, readable(), which returns true if
the File can be read from (opened for reading, and not in a
_fail state), or writable(), which returns true if the
File can be written to.

    
File operations return their status via two means: failure and
success are represented via the logical state. Also, the
return values of invoked stdio and system functions that
return useful numeric values (not just failure/success flags)
are held in a class variable accessible via iocount.
(This is useful, for example, in determining the number of
items actually read by the read function.)

    
Like the AT&T i/o-stream classes, but unlike the description in
the Stroustrup book, p238, rdstate() returns the bitwise
OR of _eof, _fail and _bad, not necessarily
distinct values. The functions eof(), fail(),
bad(), and good() can be used to test for each of
these conditions independently.

    
_fail becomes set for any input operation that could not
read in the desired data, and for other failed operations. As
with all Unix IO, _eof becomes true only when an input
operations fails because of an end of file. Therefore,
_eof is not immediately true after the last successful
read of a file, but only after one final read attempt. Thus, for
input operations, _fail and _eof almost always
become true at the same time.  bad is set for unbound
files, and may also be set by applications in order to communicate
input corruption. Conversely, _good is defined as 0 and
is returned by rdstate() if all is well.

    
The state may be modified via clear(flag), which,
despite its name, sets the corresponding state_value flag.
clear() with no arguments resets the state to _good.
failif(int cond) sets the state to _fail only if
cond is true.  

    
Errors occuring during constructors and file opens also invoke the
function error.  error in turn calls a resetable error
handling function pointed to by the non-member global variable
File_error_handler only if a system error has been generated.
Since error cannot tell if the current system error is actually
responsible for a failure, it may at times print out spurious messages.
Three error handlers are provided. The default,
verbose_File_error_handler calls the system function
perror to print the corresponding error message on standard
error, and then returns to the caller.  quiet_File_error_handler
does nothing, and simply returns.  fatal_File_error_handler
prints the error and then aborts execution. These three handlers, or any
other user-defined error handlers can be selected via the non-member
function set_File_error_handler.

    
All read and write operations communicate either logical or
physical failure by setting the _fail flag.  All further
operations are blocked if the state is in a _fail or_bad
condition. Programmers must explicitly use clear() to
reset the state in order to continue IO processing after
either a logical or physical failure.  C programmers who are
unfamiliar with these conventions should note that, unlike
the stdio library, File functions indicate IO success,
status, or failure solely through the state, not via return values of
the functions.  The void* operator or rdstate()
may be used to test success.  In particular, according to c++
conversion rules, the void* coercion is automatically
applied whenever the File& return value of any File
function is tested in an if or while.  Thus,
for example, an easy way to copy all of stdin to stdout until
eof (at which point get fails) or some error is
char c; while(cin.get(c) && cout.put(c));.

    
The current version of istreams and ostreams differs significantly
from previous versions in order to obtain compatibility with
AT&T 1.2 streams. Most code using previous versions should still
work. However, the following features of File are not
incorporated in streams (they are still present in File):
scan(const char* fmt...), remove(), read(), write(),
setbuf(), raw(). Additionally, the feature of previous streams
that allowed free intermixing of stream and stdio input and output
is no longer guaranteed to always behave as desired.

    

    The Obstack class
    

    
The Obstack class is a simple rewrite of the C obstack macros and
functions provided in the GNU CC compiler source distribution.  

    
Obstacks provide a simple method of creating and maintaining a string
table, optimized for the very frequent task of building strings
character-by-character, and sometimes keeping them, and sometimes
not. They seem especially useful in any parsing application. One of the
test files demonstrates usage.

    
A brief summary:

    

    

    grow

    places something on the obstack without committing to wrap 
it up as a single entity yet.

    

    finish

    wraps up a constructed object as a single entity, 
and returns the pointer to its start address.

    

    copy

    places things on the obstack, and does wrap them up.
copy is always equivalent to first grow, then finish.

    

    free

    deletes something, and anything else put on the obstack since its creation.

    

    
The other functions are less commonly needed:

    

    blank

    is like grow, except it just grows the space by size units
without placing anything into this space

    alloc

    is like blank, but it wraps up the object and returns its starting
address. 

    chunk_size, base, next_free, alignment_mask, size, room

    returns the appropriate class variables.

    grow_fast

    places a character on the obstack without checking if there is enough room.

    blank_fast

    like blank, but without checking if there is enough room.

    shrink(int n)

    shrink the current chunk by n bytes.

    contains(void* addr)

    returns true if the Obstack holds the address addr.

    

    
Here is a lightly edited version of the original C documentation:

    
These functions operate a stack of objects.  Each object starts life
small, and may grow to maturity.  (Consider building a word syllable
by syllable.)  An object can move while it is growing.  Once it has
been "finished" it never changes address again.  So the "top of the
stack" is typically an immature growing object, while the rest of the
stack is of mature, fixed size and fixed address objects.

    
These routines grab large chunks of memory, using the GNU C++ new
operator.  On occasion, they free chunks, via delete.

    
Each independent stack is represented by a Obstack.

    
One motivation for this package is the problem of growing char strings
in symbol tables.  Unless you are a "fascist pig with a read-only mind"
[Gosper's immortal quote from HAKMEM item 154, out of context] you
would not like to put any arbitrary upper limit on the length of your
symbols.

    
In practice this often means you will build many short symbols and a
few long symbols.  At the time you are reading a symbol you don't know
how long it is.  One traditional method is to read a symbol into a
buffer, realloc()ating the buffer every time you try to read a
symbol that is longer than the buffer.  This is beaut, but you still will
want to copy the symbol from the buffer to a more permanent
symbol-table entry say about half the time.

    
With obstacks, you can work differently.  Use one obstack for all symbol
names.  As you read a symbol, grow the name in the obstack gradually.
When the name is complete, finalize it.  Then, if the symbol exists already,
free the newly read name.

    
The way we do this is to take a large chunk, allocating memory from
low addresses.  When you want to build a symbol in the chunk you just
add chars above the current "high water mark" in the chunk.  When you
have finished adding chars, because you got to the end of the symbol,
you know how long the chars are, and you can create a new object.
Mostly the chars will not burst over the highest address of the chunk,
because you would typically expect a chunk to be (say) 100 times as
long as an average object.

    
In case that isn't clear, when we have enough chars to make up
the object, they are already contiguous in the chunk (guaranteed)
so we just point to it where it lies.  No moving of chars is
needed and this is the second win: potentially long strings need
never be explicitly shuffled. Once an object is formed, it does not
change its address during its lifetime.

    
When the chars burst over a chunk boundary, we allocate a larger
chunk, and then copy the partly formed object from the end of the old
chunk to the beginning of the new larger chunk.  We then carry on
accreting characters to the end of the object as we normally would.

    
A special version of grow is provided to add a single char at a time
to a growing object.

    
Summary:

    

      

    • 
We allocate large chunks.

    • 
We carve out one object at a time from the current chunk.

    • 
Once carved, an object never moves.

    • 
We are free to append data of any size to the currently growing object.

    • 
Exactly one object is growing in an obstack at any one time.

    • 
You can run one obstack per control block.

    • 
You may have as many control blocks as you dare.

    • 
Because of the way we do it, you can `unwind' a obstack back to a
previous state. (You may remove objects much as you would with a stack.)

    

    
The obstack data structure is used in many places in the GNU C++ compiler.

    
Differences from the the GNU C version

      

    1. 
The obvious differences stemming from the use of classes and
inline functions instead of structs and macros. The C
init and begin macros are replaced by constructors.

      

    2. 
Overloaded function names are used for grow (and others),
rather than the C grow, grow0, etc.

      

    3. 
All dynamic allocation uses the the built-in new operator.
This restricts flexibility by a little, but maintains compatibility
with usual C++ conventions. 

      

    4. 
There are now two versions of finish:

      

        

      1. 
finish() behaves like the C version.

        

      2. 
finish(char terminator) adds terminator, and then calls
finish().  This enables the normal invocation of finish(0) to
wrap up a string being grown character-by-character.

      

      

    5. 
There are special versions of grow(const char* s) and 
copy(const char* s) that add the null-terminated string s
after computing its length.

      

    6. 
The shrink and contains functions are provided.

      

    

    

    The AllocRing class
    

    
An AllocRing is a bounded ring (circular list), each of whose elements
contains a pointer to some space allocated via new
char[some_size]. The entries are used cyclicly.  The size, n, of the
ring is fixed at construction. After that, every nth use of the ring
will reuse (or reallocate) the same space. AllocRings are needed in
order to temporarily hold chunks of space that are needed transiently,
but across constructor-destructor scopes. They mainly useful for storing
strings containing formatted characters to print across various
functions and coercions. These strings are needed across routines, so
may not be deleted in any one of them, but should be recovered at some
point. In other words, an AllocRing is an extremely simple minded
garbage collection mechanism. The GNU C++ library used to use one
AllocRing for such formatting purposes, but it is being phased out,
and is now only used by obsolete functions.
These days, AllocRings are probably not very useful.

    
Support includes:

    

    

    

    AllocRing a(int n)

    constructs an Alloc ring with n entries, all null.

    

    void* mem = a.alloc(sz)

    moves the ring pointer to the next entry, and reuses the space
if their is enough, also allocates space via new char[sz].

    

    int present = a.contains(void* ptr)

    returns true if ptr is held in one of the ring entries.

    

    a.clear()

    deletes all space pointed to in any entry. This is called
automatically upon destruction.

    

    a.free(void* ptr)

    If ptr is one of the entries, calls delete of the pointer,
and resets to entry pointer to null.

    

    

    

    The String class
    

    
The String class is designed to extend GNU C++ to support
string processing capabilities similar to those in languages like
Awk.  The class provides facilities that ought to be convenient
and efficient enough to be useful replacements for char*
based processing via the C string library (i.e., strcpy,
strcmp, etc.) in many applications. Many details about String
representations are described in the Representation section.

    
A separate SubString class supports substring extraction
and modification operations. This is implemented in a way that
user programs never directly construct or represent substrings,
which are only used indirectly via String operations.

    
Another separate class, Regex is also used indirectly via String
operations in support of regular expression searching, matching, and the
like.  The Regex class is based entirely on the GNU Emacs regex
functions.  See section 'Syntax of Regular Expressions' in GNU Emacs Manual, for a full
explanation of regular expression syntax.  (For implementation details,
see the internal documentation in files `regex.h' and
`regex.c'.)

    

    Constructors
    

    
Strings are initialized and assigned as in the following examples:

    

    

    

    String x;  String y = 0; String z = "";

    Set x, y, and z to the nil string. Note that either 0 or "" may 
always be used to refer to the nil string.

    

    String x = "Hello"; String y("Hello");

    Set x and y to a copy of the string "Hello".

    

    String x = 'A'; String y('A');

    Set x and y to the string value "A"

    

    String u = x; String v(x);

    Set u and v to the same string as String x

    

    String u = x.at(1,4); String v(x.at(1,4));

    Set u and v to the length 4 substring of x starting at position 1
(counting indexes from 0).

    

    String x("abc", 2);

    Sets x to "ab", i.e., the first 2 characters of "abc".

    

    String x = dec(20);

    Sets x to "20". As here, Strings may be initialized or assigned
the results of any char* function.

    

    

    
There are no directly accessible forms for declaring SubString
variables.

    
The declaration Regex r("[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"); creates
a compiled regular expression suitable for use in String
operations described below. (In this case, one that matches any
C++ identifier). The first argument may also be a String.
Be careful in distinguishing the role of backslashes in quoted
GNU C++ char* constants versus those in Regexes. For example, a Regex
that matches either one or more tabs or all strings beginning
with "ba" and ending with any number of occurrences of "na"
could be declared as Regex r = "\\(\t+\\)\\|\\(ba\\(na\\)*\\)"
Note that only one backslash is needed to signify the tab, but
two are needed for the parenthesization and virgule, since the
GNU C++ lexical analyzer decodes and strips backslashes before
they are seen by Regex.

    
There are three additional optional arguments to the Regex constructor 
that are less commonly useful:

    

    

    fast (default 0)

    fast may be set to true (1) if the Regex should be
"fast-compiled". This causes an additional compilation step that
is generally worthwhile if the Regex will be used many times.

    

    bufsize (default max(40, length of the string))

    This is an estimate of the size of the internal compiled
expression. Set it to a larger value if you know that the
expression will require a lot of space. If you do not know, 
do not worry: realloc is used if necessary.

    

    transtable (default none == 0)

    The address of a byte translation table (a char[256]) that
translates each character before matching.

    

    

    
As a convenience, several Regexes are predefined and usable in
any program. Here are their declarations from `String.h'.

    

    extern Regex RXwhite;      // = "[ \n\t]+"
extern Regex RXint;        // = "-?[0-9]+"
extern Regex RXdouble;     // = "-?\\(\\([0-9]+\\.[0-9]*\\)\\|
                           //    \\([0-9]+\\)\\|
                           //    \\(\\.[0-9]+\\)\\)
                           //    \\([eE][---+]?[0-9]+\\)?"
extern Regex RXalpha;      // = "[A-Za-z]+"
extern Regex RXlowercase;  // = "[a-z]+"
extern Regex RXuppercase;  // = "[A-Z]+"
extern Regex RXalphanum;   // = "[0-9A-Za-z]+"
extern Regex RXidentifier; // = "[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*"


    

    

    Examples
    

    
Most String class capabilities are best shown via example.
The examples below use the following declarations.

    

        String x = "Hello";
    String y = "world";
    String n = "123";
    String z;
    char*  s = ",";
    String lft, mid, rgt;
    Regex  r = "e[a-z]*o";
    Regex  r2("/[a-z]*/");
    char   c;
    int    i, pos, len;
    double f;
    String words[10];
    words[0] = "a";
    words[1] = "b";
    words[2] = "c";
    

    

    

    Comparing, Searching and Matching
    

    
The usual lexicographic relational operators (==, !=, <, <=, >, >=) 
are defined. A functional form compare(String, String) is also
provided, as is fcompare(String, String), which compares
Strings without regard for upper vs. lower case.

    
All other matching and searching operations are based on some form of the
(non-public) match and search functions.  match and
search differ in that match attempts to match only at the
given starting position, while search starts at the position, and
then proceeds left or right looking for a match.  As seen in the following
examples, the second optional startpos argument to functions using
match and search specifies the starting position of the
search: If non-negative, it results in a left-to-right search starting at
position startpos, and if negative, a right-to-left search starting
at position x.length() + startpos. In all cases, the index returned
is that of the beginning of the match, or -1 if there is no match. 

    
Three String functions serve as front ends to search and match.
index performs a search, returning the index, matches performs
a match, returning nonzero (actually, the length of the match) on success,
and contains is a boolean function performing either a search or
match, depending on whether an index argument is provided:

    

    

    

    x.index("lo")

    returns the zero-based index of the leftmost occurrence of
substring "lo" (3, in this case).  The argument may be a 
String, SubString, char, char*, or Regex.

    

    x.index("l", 2)

    returns the index of the first of the leftmost occurrence of "l"
found starting the search at position x[2], or 2 in this case.

    

    x.index("l", -1)

    returns the index of the rightmost occurrence of "l", or 3 here.

    

    x.index("l", -3)

    returns the index of the rightmost occurrence of "l" found by
starting the search at the 3rd to the last position of x,
returning 2 in this case.

    

    pos = r.search("leo", 3, len, 0)

    returns the index of r in the char* string of length 3,
starting at position 0, also placing the  length of the match
in reference parameter len.

    

    x.contains("He")

    returns nonzero if the String x contains the substring "He". The
argument may be a String, SubString, char, char*, or Regex.

    

    x.contains("el", 1)

    returns nonzero if x contains the substring "el" at position 1.
As in this example, the second argument to contains,
if present, means to match the substring only at that position,
and not to search elsewhere in the string.

    

    x.contains(RXwhite);

    returns nonzero if x contains any whitespace (space, tab, or
newline). Recall that RXwhite is a global whitespace Regex.

    

    x.matches("lo", 3)

    returns nonzero if x starting at position 3 exactly matches "lo", with
no trailing characters (as it does in this example).

    

    x.matches(r)

    returns nonzero if String x as a whole matches Regex r.

    

    int f = x.freq("l")

    returns the number of distinct, nonoverlapping matches to the argument
(2 in this case).

    

    

    

    Substring extraction
    

    
Substrings may be extracted via the at, before,
through, from, and after functions.  
These behave as either lvalues or rvalues.

    

    

    

    z = x.at(2, 3)

    sets String z to be equal to the length 3 substring of String x
starting at zero-based position 2, setting z to "llo" in this
case. A nil String is returned if the arguments don't make sense.

    

    x.at(2, 2) = "r"

    Sets what was in positions 2 to 3 of x to "r", setting x to
"Hero" in this case. As indicated here, SubString assignments may
be of different lengths.

    

    x.at("He") = "je";

    x("He") is the substring of x that matches the first occurrence of
it's argument. The substitution sets x to "jello". If "He" did
not occur, the substring would be nil, and the assignment would
have no effect.

    

    x.at("l", -1) = "i";

    replaces the rightmost occurrence of "l" with "i", setting x to
"Helio".

    

    z = x.at(r)

    sets String z to the first match in x of Regex r, or "ello" in this
case. A nil String is returned if there is no match.

    

    z = x.before("o")

    sets z to the part of x to the left of the first occurrence of
"o", or "Hell" in this case. The argument may also be a String,
SubString, or Regex.  (If there is no match, z is set to "".)

    

    x.before("ll") = "Bri";

    sets the part of x to the left of "ll" to "Bri", setting x to
"Brillo".

    

    z = x.before(2)

    sets z to the part of x to the left of x[2], or "He" in this
case.

    

    z = x.after("Hel")

    sets z to the part of x to the right of "Hel", or "lo" in this
case.

    

    z = x.through("el")

    sets z to the part of x up and including "el", or "Hel" in this case.

    

    z = x.from("el")

    sets z to the part of x from "el" to the end, or "ello" in this case.

    

    x.after("Hel") = "p";

    sets x to "Help";

    

    z = x.after(3)

    sets z to the part of x to the right of x[3] or "o" in this case.

    

    z = "  ab c"; z = z.after(RXwhite)

    sets z to the part of its old string to the right of the first
group of whitespace, setting z to "ab c"; Use gsub(below) to
strip out multiple occurrences of whitespace or any pattern.

    

    x[0] = 'J';

    sets the first element of x to 'J'. x[i] returns a reference to
the ith element of x, or triggers an error if i is out of range. 

    

    common_prefix(x, "Help")

    returns the String containing the common prefix of the two Strings
or "Hel" in this case.

    

    common_suffix(x, "to")

    returns the String containing the common suffix of the two Strings
or "o" in this case.

    

    

    

    Concatenation
    

    

    

    

    z = x + s + ' ' + y.at("w") + y.after("w") + ".";

    sets z to "Hello, world."

    

    x += y;

    sets x to "Helloworld"

    

    cat(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x + y.

    

    cat(z, y, x, x)

    Double concatenation; A faster way to say x = z + y + x.

    

    y.prepend(x);

    A faster way to say y = x + y.

    

    z = replicate(x, 3);

    sets z to "HelloHelloHello".

    

    z = join(words, 3, "/")

    sets z to the concatenation of the first 3 Strings in String
array words, each separated by "/", setting z to "a/b/c" in this
case.  The last argument may be "" or 0, indicating no separation.

    

    

    

    Other manipulations
    

    

    

    

    z = "this string has five words"; i = split(z, words, 10, RXwhite);

    sets up to 10 elements of String array words to the parts of z
separated by whitespace, and returns the number of parts actually
encountered (5 in this case). Here, words[0] = "this", words[1] =
"string", etc.  The last argument may be any of the usual.
If there is no match, all of z ends up in words[0]. The words array
is not dynamically created by split. 

    

    int nmatches x.gsub("l","ll")

    substitutes all original occurrences of "l" with "ll", setting x
to "Hellllo". The first argument may be any of the usual,
including Regex.  If the second argument is "" or 0, all
occurrences are deleted. gsub returns the number of matches
that were replaced.

    

    z = x + y;  z.del("loworl");

    deletes the leftmost occurrence of "loworl" in z, setting z to
"Held".

    

    z = reverse(x)

    sets z to the reverse of x, or "olleH".

    

    z = upcase(x)

    sets z to x, with all letters set to uppercase, setting z to "HELLO"

    

    z = downcase(x)

    sets z to x, with all letters set to lowercase, setting z to "hello"

    

    z = capitalize(x)

    sets z to x, with the first letter of each word set to uppercase, 
and all others to lowercase, setting z to "Hello"

    

    x.reverse(), x.upcase(), x.downcase(), x.capitalize()

    in-place, self-modifying versions of the above.

    

    

    

    Reading, Writing and Conversion
    

    

    

    

    cout << x

    writes out x. 

    

    cout << x.at(2, 3)

    writes out the substring "llo".

    

    cin >> x

    reads a whitespace-bounded string into x.

    

    x.length()

    returns the length of String x (5, in this case).

    

    s = (const char*)x

    can be used to extract the char* char array. This
coercion is useful for sending a String as an argument to any
function expecting a const char* argument (like
atoi, and File::open). This operator must be
used with care, since the conversion returns a pointer
to String internals without copying the characters:
The resulting (char*) is only valid until
the next String operation,  and you must not modify it.
(The conversion is defined to return a const
value so that GNU C++ will produce warning and/or error
messages if changes are attempted.)

    

    

    

    The Integer class.
    

    
The Integer class provides multiple precision integer arithmetic
facilities. Some representation details are discussed in the 
Representation section.

    
Integers may be up to b * ((1 << b) - 1) bits long, where
b is the number of bits per short (typically 1048560 bits when
b = 16).  The implementation assumes that a long is at least
twice as long as a short. This assumption hides beneath almost all
primitive operations, and would be very difficult to change. It also relies
on correct behavior of unsigned arithmetic operations.

    
Some of the arithmetic algorithms are very loosely based on those
provided in the MIT Scheme `bignum.c' release, which is
Copyright (c) 1987 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Their use
here falls within the provisions described in the Scheme release.

    
Integers may be constructed in the following ways:

    

    

    Integer x;

    Declares an uninitialized Integer.

    

    Integer x = 2; Integer y(2);

    Set x and y to the Integer value 2;

    

    Integer u(x); Integer v = x;

    Set u and v to the same value as x.

    

    

    

Method: long Integer::as_long() const
    
Used to coerce an Integer back into longs via the long
coercion operator. If the Integer cannot fit into a long, this returns
MINLONG or MAXLONG (depending on the sign) where MINLONG is the most
negative, and MAXLONG is the most positive representable long.

    

Method: int Integer::fits_in_long() const
    
Returns true iff the Integer is < MAXLONG and > MINLONG.

    

Method: double Integer::as_double() const
    
Coerce the Integer to a double, with potential
loss of precision.
+/-HUGE is returned if the Integer cannot fit into a double.

    

Method: int Integer::fits_in_double() const
    
Returns true iff the Integer can fit into a double.

    
All of the usual arithmetic operators are provided (+, -, *, /,
%, +=, ++, -=, --, *=, /=, %=, ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=).  All operators
support special versions for mixed arguments of Integers and regular
C++ longs in order to avoid useless coercions, as well as to allow
automatic promotion of shorts and ints to longs, so that they may be
applied without additional Integer coercion operators.  The only
operators that behave differently than the corresponding int or long
operators are ++ and --.  Because C++ does not
distinguish prefix from postfix application, these are declared as
void operators, so that no confusion can result from applying
them as postfix.  Thus, for Integers x and y,  ++x; y = x;  is
correct, but  y = ++x;  and  y = x++;  are not.

    
Bitwise operators (~, &, |, ^, <<, 
>>, &=, |=, ^=, <<=, >>=) are
also provided.  However, these operate on sign-magnitude, rather than
two's complement representations. The sign of the result is arbitrarily
taken as the sign of the first argument. For example, Integer(-3)
& Integer(5) returns Integer(-1), not -3, as it would using
two's complement. Also, ~, the complement operator, complements
only those bits needed for the representation.  Bit operators are also
provided in the BitSet and BitString classes. One of these classes
should be used instead of Integers when the results of bit manipulations
are not interpreted numerically.

    
The following utility functions are also provided. (All arguments
are Integers unless otherwise noted).

    

Function: void divide(const Integer& x, const Integer& y, Integer& q, Integer& r)
    
Sets q to the quotient and r to the remainder of x and y.
(q and r are returned by reference). 

    

Function: Integer pow(const Integer& x, const Integer& p)
    
Returns x raised to the power p.

    

Function: Integer Ipow(long x, long p)
    
Returns x raised to the power p.

    

Function: Integer gcd(const Integer& x, const Integer& p)
    
Returns the greatest common divisor of x and y.

    

Function: Integer lcm(const Integer& x, const Integer& p)
    
Returns the least common multiple of x and y.

    

Function: Integer abs(const Integer& x
    
Returns the absolute value of x.

    

Method: void Integer::negate()
    
Negates this in place.

    

    

    

    Integer sqr(x)

    returns x * x;

    

    Integer sqrt(x)

    returns the floor of the  square root of x.

    

    long lg(x);

    returns the floor of the base 2 logarithm of abs(x)

    

    int sign(x)

    returns -1 if x is negative, 0 if zero, else +1.
Using if (sign(x) == 0) is a generally faster method
of testing for zero than using relational operators.

    

    int even(x)

    returns true if x is an even number

    

    int odd(x)

    returns true if x is an odd number.

    

    void setbit(Integer& x, long b)

    sets the b'th bit (counting right-to-left from zero) of x to 1.

    

    void clearbit(Integer& x, long b)

    sets the b'th bit of x to 0.

    

    int testbit(Integer x, long b)

    returns true if the b'th bit of x is 1.

    

    Integer atoI(char* asciinumber, int base = 10);

    converts the base base char* string into its Integer form.

    

    void Integer::printon(ostream& s, int base = 10, int width = 0);

    prints the ascii string value of (*this) as a base base
number, in field width at least width.

    

    ostream << x;

    prints x in base ten format.

    

    istream >> x;

    reads x as a base ten number.

    

    int compare(Integer x, Integer y)

    returns a negative number if x<y, zero if x==y, or positive if x>y.

    

    int ucompare(Integer x, Integer y)

    like compare, but performs unsigned comparison.

    

    add(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x + y.

    

    sub(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x - y.

    

    mul(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x * y.

    

    div(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x / y.

    

    mod(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x % y.

    

    and(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x & y.

    

    or(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x | y.

    

    xor(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x ^ y.

    

    lshift(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x << y.

    

    rshift(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x >> y.

    

    pow(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = pow(x, y).

    

    complement(x, z)

    A faster way to say z = ~x.

    

    negate(x, z)

    A faster way to say z = -x.

    

    

    

    The Rational Class
    

    
Class Rational provides multiple precision rational
number arithmetic. All rationals are maintained in simplest
form (i.e., with the numerator and denominator relatively
prime, and with the denominator strictly positive).
Rational arithmetic and relational operators are provided 
(+, -, *, /, +=, -=, *=, /=, ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=). 
Operations resulting in a rational number with zero denominator 
trigger an exception.

    
Rationals may be constructed and used in the following ways:

    

    

    

    Rational x;

    Declares an uninitialized Rational.

    

    Rational x = 2; Rational y(2);

    Set x and y to the Rational value 2/1;

    

    Rational x(2, 3);

    Sets x to the Rational value 2/3;

    

    Rational x = 1.2;

    Sets x to a Rational value close to 1.2. Any double precision value
may be used to construct a Rational. The Rational will possess
exactly as much precision as the double. Double values that do
not have precise floating point equivalents (like 1.2) produce
similarly imprecise rational values. 

    

    Rational x(Integer(123), Integer(4567));

    Sets x to the Rational value 123/4567.

    

    Rational u(x); Rational v = x;

    Set u and v to the same value as x.

    

    double(Rational x)

    A Rational may be coerced to a double with potential 
loss of precision. +/-HUGE is returned if it will not fit.

    

    Rational abs(x)

    returns the absolute value of x.

    

    void x.negate()

    negates x.

    

    void x.invert()

    sets x to 1/x.

    

    int sign(x)

    returns 0 if x is zero, 1 if positive, and -1 if negative.

    

    Rational sqr(x)

    returns x * x.

    

    Rational pow(x, Integer y)

    returns x to the y power.

    

    Integer x.numerator()

    returns the numerator.

    

    Integer x.denominator()

    returns the denominator.

    

    Integer floor(x)

    returns the greatest Integer less than x.

    

    Integer ceil(x)

    returns the least Integer greater than x.

    

    Integer trunc(x)

    returns the Integer part of x.

    

    Integer round(x)

    returns the nearest Integer to x.

    

    int compare(x, y)

    returns a negative, zero, or positive number signifying whether x is
less than, equal to, or greater than y.

    

    ostream << x;

    prints x in the form num/den, or just num if the denominator is one.

    

    istream >> x;

    reads x in the form num/den, or just num in which case the 
denominator is set to one.

    

    add(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x + y.

    

    sub(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x - y.

    

    mul(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x * y.

    

    div(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x / y.

    

    pow(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = pow(x, y).

    

    negate(x, z)

    A faster way to say z = -x.

    

    

    

    The Complex class.
    

    
Class Complex is implemented in a way similar to that
described by Stroustrup. In keeping with libg++ conventions,
the class is named Complex, not complex.
Complex arithmetic and relational operators are provided 
(+, -, *, /, +=, -=, *=, /=, ==, !=). 
Attempted division by (0, 0) triggers an exception.

    
Complex numbers may be constructed and used in the following ways:

    

    

    

    Complex x;

    Declares an uninitialized Complex.

    

    Complex x = 2; Complex y(2.0);

    Set x and y to the Complex value (2.0, 0.0);

    

    Complex x(2, 3);

    Sets x to the Complex value (2, 3);

    

    Complex u(x); Complex v = x;

    Set u and v to the same value as x.

    

    double real(Complex& x);

    returns the real part of x.

    

    double imag(Complex& x);

    returns the imaginary part of x.

    

    double abs(Complex& x);

    returns the magnitude of x.

    

    double norm(Complex& x);

    returns the square of the magnitude of x.

    

    double arg(Complex& x);

    returns the argument (amplitude) of x.

    

    Complex polar(double r, double t = 0.0);

    returns a Complex with abs of r and arg of t.

    

    Complex conj(Complex& x);

    returns the complex conjugate of x.

    

    Complex cos(Complex& x);

    returns the complex cosine of x.

    

    Complex sin(Complex& x);

    returns the complex sine of x.

    

    Complex cosh(Complex& x);

    returns the complex hyperbolic cosine of x.

    

    Complex sinh(Complex& x);

    returns the complex hyperbolic sine of x.

    

    Complex exp(Complex& x);

    returns the exponential of x.

    

    Complex log(Complex& x);

    returns the natural log of x.

    

    Complex pow(Complex& x, long p);

    returns x raised to the p power.

    

    Complex pow(Complex& x, Complex& p);

    returns x raised to the p power.

    

    Complex sqrt(Complex& x);

    returns the square root of x.

    

    ostream << x;

    prints x in the form (re, im).

    

    istream >> x;

    reads x in the form (re, im), or just (re) or re in which case the 
imaginary part is set to zero.

    

    

    

    Fixed precision numbers
    

    
Classes Fix16, Fix24, Fix32, and Fix48
support operations on 16, 24, 32, or 48 bit quantities that are
considered as real numbers in the range [-1, +1).  Such numbers are
often encountered in digital signal processing applications. The classes
may be be used in isolation or together.  Class Fix32
operations are entirely self-contained.  Class Fix16 operations
are self-contained except that the multiplication operation Fix16
* Fix16 returns a Fix32. Fix24 and Fix48 are
similarly related.

    
The standard arithmetic and relational operations are supported
(=, +, -, *, /, <<, >>,
+=, -=, *=, /=, <<=, >>=,
==, !=, <, <=, >, >=).
All operations include provisions for special handling in cases where
the result exceeds +/- 1.0. There are two cases that may be handled
separately: "overflow" where the results of addition and subtraction
operations go out of range, and all other "range errors" in which
resulting values go off-scale (as with division operations, and
assignment or initialization with off-scale values). In signal
processing applications, it is often useful to handle these two cases
differently. Handlers take one argument, a reference to the integer
mantissa of the offending value, which may then be manipulated.  In
cases of overflow, this value is the result of the (integer) arithmetic
computation on the mantissa; in others it is a fully saturated (i.e.,
most positive or most negative) value. Handling may be reset to any of
several provided functions or any other user-defined function via
set_overflow_handler and set_range_error_handler. The
provided functions for Fix16 are as follows (corresponding
functions are also supported for the others).

    

    

    

    Fix16_overflow_saturate

    The default overflow handler. Results are "saturated": positive results
are set to the largest representable value (binary 0.111111...), and
negative values to -1.0.

    

    Fix16_ignore

    Performs no action. For overflow, this will allow addition and
subtraction operations to "wrap around" in the same manner
as integer arithmetic, and for saturation, will leave values saturated.

    

    Fix16_overflow_warning_saturate

    Prints a warning message on standard error, then saturates the results.

    

    Fix16_warning

    The default range_error handler. Prints a warning message
on standard error; otherwise leaving the argument unmodified.

    

    Fix16_abort

    prints an error message on standard error, then aborts execution. 

    

    

    
In addition to arithmetic operations, the following are provided:

    

    

    

    Fix16 a = 0.5;

    Constructs fixed precision objects from double precision values.
Attempting to initialize to a value outside the range invokes
the range_error handler, except, as a convenience, 
initialization to 1.0 sets the variable to the most positive 
representable value (binary 0.1111111...) without invoking the handler.

    

    short& mantissa(a); long& mantissa(b);

    return a * pow(2, 15) or b * pow(2, 31) as an integer. These
are returned by reference, to enable "manual" data manipulation.

    

    double value(a); double value(b);

    return a or b as floating point numbers.

    

    

    

    Classes for Bit manipulation
    

    
libg++ provides several different classes supporting the use
and manipulation of collections of bits in different ways.

    

      

      

    • 
Class Integer provides "integer" semantics. It supports
manipulation of bits in ways that are often useful when treating bit arrays
as numerical (integer) quantities.  This class is described elsewhere.

      

    • 
Class BitSet provides "set" semantics. It supports operations
useful when treating collections of bits as representing potentially
infinite sets of integers.

      

    • 
Class BitSet32 supports fixed-length BitSets holding exactly
32 bits.

      

    • 
Class BitSet256 supports fixed-length BitSets holding exactly
256 bits.

      

    • 
Class BitString provides "string" (or "vector") semantics. 
It supports operations useful when treating collections of bits as 
strings of zeros and ones.

      

    

    
These classes also differ in the following ways:

    

      

      

    • 
BitSets are logically infinite. Their space is dynamically altered to
adjust to the smallest number of consecutive bits actually required to
represent the sets. Integers also have this property. BitStrings are
logically finite, but their sizes are internally dynamically managed to
maintain proper length. This means that, for example, BitStrings are
concatenatable while BitSets and Integers are not. 

      

    • 
BitSet32 and BitSet256 have precisely the same properties as BitSets,
except that they use constant fixed length bit vectors.

      

    • 
While all classes support basic unary and binary operations ~, &,
|, ^, -, the semantics differ. BitSets perform bit operations that
precisely mirror those for infinite sets. For example, complementing an
empty BitSet returns one representing an infinite number of set bits.
Operations on BitStrings and Integers operate only on those bits
actually present in the representation.  For BitStrings and Integers,
the the & operation returns a BitString with a length equal to
the minimum length of the operands, and |, ^ return one with
length of the maximum.

      

    • 
Only BitStrings support substring extraction and bit pattern matching.

      

    

    

    BitSet
    

    
BitSets are objects that contain logically infinite sets of nonnegative
integers.  Representational details are discussed in the Representation
chapter. Because they are logically infinite, all BitSets possess a
trailing, infinitely replicated 0 or 1 bit, called the "virtual bit", and
indicated via 0* or 1*.

    
BitSet32 and BitSet256 have they same properties, except they are
of fixed length, and thus have no virtual bit. 

    
BitSets may be constructed as follows:

    

    

    

    BitSet a;

    declares an empty BitSet.

    

    BitSet a = atoBitSet("001000");

    sets a to the BitSet 0010*, reading left-to-right. The "0*"
indicates that the set ends with an infinite number of zero
(clear) bits.

    

    BitSet a = atoBitSet("00101*");

    sets a to the BitSet 00101*, where "1*" means that the set ends
with an infinite number of one (set) bits.

    

    BitSet a = longtoBitSet((long)23);

    sets a to the BitSet 111010*, the binary representation of decimal 23.

    

    BitSet a = utoBitSet((unsigned)23);

    sets a to the BitSet 111010*, the binary representation of decimal 23.

    

    

    
The following functions and operators are provided (Assume the
declaration of BitSets a = 0011010*, b = 101101*, throughout, as
examples).

    

    

    

    ~a

    returns the complement of a, or 1100101* in this case.

    

    a.complement()

    sets a to ~a.

    

    a & b; a &= b;

    returns a intersected with b, or 0011010*.

    

    a | b; a |= b;

    returns a unioned with b, or 1011111*.

    

    a - b; a -= b;

    returns the set difference of a and b, or 000010*.

    

    a ^ b; a ^= b;

    returns the symmetric difference of a and b, or 1000101*.

    

    a.empty()

    returns true if a is an empty set.

    

    a == b;

    returns true if a and b contain the same set.

    

    a <= b;

    returns true if a is a subset of b.

    

    a < b;

    returns true if a is a proper subset of b;

    

    a != b; a >= b; a > b;

    are the converses of the above.

    

    a.set(7)

    sets the 7th (counting from 0) bit of a, setting a to 001111010*

    

    a.clear(2)

    clears the 2nd bit bit of a, setting a to 00011110*

    

    a.clear()

    clears all bits of a;

    

    a.set()

    sets all bits of a;

    

    a.invert(0)

    complements the 0th bit of a, setting a to 10011110*

    

    a.set(0,1)

    sets the 0th through 1st bits of a, setting a to 110111110*
The two-argument versions of clear and invert are similar.

    

    a.test(3)

    returns true if the 3rd bit of a is set.

    

    a.test(3, 5)

    returns true if any of bits 3 through 5 are set.

    

    int i = a[3]; a[3] = 0;

    The subscript operator allows bits to be inspected and changed
via standard subscript semantics, using a friend class BitSetBit.
The use of the subscript operator a[i] rather than a.test(i) 
requires somewhat greater overhead.

    

    a.first(1) or a.first()

    returns the index of the first set bit of a (2 in this case), 
or -1 if no bits are set.

    

    a.first(0)

    returns the index of the first clear bit of a (0 in this case), 
or -1 if no bits are clear.

    

    a.next(2, 1) or a.next(2)

    returns the index of the next bit after position 2 that is set (3
in this case) or -1. first and next may be used as
iterators, as in 
for (int i = a.first(); i >= 0; i = a.next(i))....

    

    a.last(1)

    returns the index of the rightmost set bit, or -1 if there or no set
bits or all set bits.

    

    a.prev(3, 0)

    returns the index of the previous clear bit before position 3.

    

    a.count(1)

    returns the number of set bits in a, or -1 if there are 
an infinite number.

    

    a.virtual_bit()

    returns the trailing (infinitely replicated) bit of a.

    

    a = atoBitSet("ababX", 'a', 'b', 'X');

    converts the char* string into a bitset, with 'a' denoting false,
'b' denoting true, and 'X' denoting infinite replication.

    

    a.printon(cout, '-', '.', 0)

    prints a to cout represented with
'-' for falses, '.' for trues, and no replication marker.

    

    cout << a

    prints a to cout (representing lases by 'f',
trues by 't', and using '*' as the replication marker).

    

    diff(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x - y.

    

    and(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x & y.

    

    or(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x | y.

    

    xor(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x ^ y.

    

    complement(x, z)

    A faster way to say z = ~x.

    

    

    

    BitString
    

    
BitStrings are objects that contain arbitrary-length strings of
zeroes and ones. BitStrings possess some features that make them
behave like sets, and others that behave as strings. They are
useful in applications (such as signature-based algorithms) where
both capabilities are needed.  Representational details are
discussed in the Representation chapter.  Most capabilities are
exact analogs of those supported in the BitSet and String
classes.  A BitSubString is used with substring operations along
the same lines as the String SubString class.  A BitPattern class
is used for masked bit pattern searching.

    
Only a default constructor is supported.  The declaration
BitString a; initializes a to be an empty BitString.
BitStrings may often be initialized via atoBitString
and longtoBitString.

    
Set operations ( ~, complement, &, &=, |, |=, -, ^, ^=)
behave just as the BitSet versions, except that there is no
"virtual bit": complementing complements only those bits in the
BitString, and all binary operations across unequal length
BitStrings assume a virtual bit of zero. The & operation
returns a BitString with a length equal to the minimum length of
the operands, and |, ^ return one with length of the
maximum.

    
Set-based relational operations (==, !=, <=, <, >=, >)
follow the same rules. A string-like lexicographic comparison
function, lcompare, tests the lexicographic relation between
two BitStrings. For example, lcompare(1100, 0101) returns 1,
since the first BitString starts with 1 and the second with 0.

    
Individual bit setting, testing, and iterator operations 
(set, clear, invert, test, first, next, last, prev)
are also like those for BitSets. BitStrings are automatically
expanded when setting bits at positions greater than their
current length.

    
The string-based capabilities are just as those for class String.
BitStrings may be concatenated (+, +=), searched
(index, contains, matches), and extracted into
BitSubStrings (before, at, after) which may be assigned and
otherwise manipulated. Other string-based utility functions
(reverse, common_prefix, common_suffix) are also provided.
These have the same capabilities and descriptions as those
for Strings.

    
String-oriented operations can also be performed with a mask via
class BitPattern. BitPatterns consist of two BitStrings, a
pattern and a mask. On searching and matching, bits in the pattern
that correspond to 0 bits in the mask are ignored. (The mask may
be shorter than the pattern, in which case trailing mask bits are
assumed to be 0). The pattern and mask are both public variables,
and may be individually subjected to other bit operations.

    
Converting to char* and printing ((atoBitString,
atoBitPattern, printon, ostream <<)) are also as in BitSets, 
except that no virtual bit is used, and an 'X' in a BitPattern means
that the pattern bit is masked out.

    
The following features are unique to BitStrings. 

    
Assume declarations of BitString a = atoBitString("01010110") and b =
atoBitSTring("1101").

    

    

    

    a = b + c;

    Sets a to the concatenation of b and c;

    

    a = b + 0; a = b + 1;

    sets a to b, appended with a zero (one).

    

    a += b;

    appends b to a;

    

    a += 0; a += 1;

    appends a zero (one) to a.

    

    a << 2; a <<= 2

    return a with 2 zeros prepended, setting a to 0001010110. (Note
the necessary confusion of << and >> operators. For consistency
with the integer versions, << shifts low bits to high, even though
they are printed low bits first.)

    

    a >> 3; a >>= 3

    return a with the first 3 bits deleted, setting a to 10110.

    

    a.left_trim(0)

    deletes all 0 bits on the left of a, setting a to 1010110.

    

    a.right_trim(0)

    deletes all trailing 0 bits of a, setting a to 0101011.

    

    cat(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x + y.

    

    diff(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x - y.

    

    and(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x & y.

    

    or(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x | y.

    

    xor(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x ^ y.

    

    lshift(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x << y.

    

    rshift(x, y, z)

    A faster way to say z = x >> y.

    

    complement(x, z)

    A faster way to say z = ~x.

    

    

    

    Random Number Generators and related classes
    

    
The two classes RNG and Random are used together to
generate a variety of random number distributions.  A distinction must
be made between random number generators, implemented by class
RNG, and random number distributions.  A random number
generator produces a series of randomly ordered bits.  These bits can be
used directly, or cast to other representations, such as a floating
point value.  A random number generator should produce a uniform
distribution.  A random number distribution, on the other hand, uses the
randomly generated bits of a generator to produce numbers from a
distribution with specific properties.  Each instance of Random
uses an instance of class RNG to provide the raw, uniform
distribution used to produce the specific distribution.  Several
instances of Random classes can share the same instance of
RNG, or each instance can use its own copy.

    

    RNG
    

    
Random distributions are constructed from members of class RNG,
the actual random number generators.  The RNG class contains no
data; it only serves to define the interface to random number
generators.  The RNG::asLong member returns an unsigned long
(typically 32 bits) of random bits.  Applications that require a number
of random bits can use this directly.  More often, these random bits are
transformed to a uniform random number:

    

        //
    // Return random bits converted to either a float or a double
    //
    float asFloat();
    double asDouble();
};

    

    
using either asFloat or asDouble.  It is intended that
asFloat and asDouble return differing precisions;
typically, asDouble will draw two random longwords and transform
them into a legal double, while asFloat will draw a single
longword and transform it into a legal float.  These members are
used by subclasses of the Random class to implement a variety of
random number distributions.

    

    ACG
    

    
Class ACG is a variant of a Linear Congruential Generator
(Algorithm M) described in Knuth, Art of Computer Programming, Vol
III.  This result is permuted with a Fibonacci Additive Congruential
Generator to get good independence between samples.  This is a very high
quality random number generator, although it requires a fair amount of
memory for each instance of the generator.

    
The ACG::ACG constructor takes two parameters: the seed and the
size.  The seed is any number to be used as an initial seed. The
performance of the generator depends on having a distribution of bits
through the seed.  If you choose a number in the range of 0 to 31, a
seed with more bits is chosen. Other values are deterministically
modified to give a better distribution of bits.  This provides a good
random number generator while still allowing a sequence to be repeated
given the same initial seed.

    
The size parameter determines the size of two tables used in the
generator. The first table is used in the Additive Generator; see the
algorithm in Knuth for more information. In general, this table is
size longwords long. The default value, used in the algorithm in
Knuth, gives a table of 220 bytes. The table size affects the period of
the generators; smaller values give shorter periods and larger tables
give longer periods. The smallest table size is 7 longwords, and the
longest is 98 longwords. The size parameter also determines the
size of the table used for the Linear Congruential Generator. This value
is chosen implicitly based on the size of the Additive Congruential
Generator table. It is two powers of two larger than the power of two
that is larger than size.  For example, if size is 7, the
ACG table is 7 longwords and the LCG table is 128 longwords. Thus, the
default size (55) requires 55 + 256 longwords, or 1244 bytes. The
largest table requires 2440 bytes and the smallest table requires 100
bytes.  Applications that require a large number of generators or
applications that aren't so fussy about the quality of the generator may
elect to use the MLCG generator.

    

    MLCG
    

    
The MLCG class implements a Multiplicative Linear
Congruential Generator. In particular, it is an implementation of the
double MLCG described in "Efficient and Portable Combined Random
Number Generators" by Pierre L'Ecuyer, appearing in
Communications of the ACM, Vol. 31. No. 6. This generator has a
fairly long period, and has been statistically analyzed to show that it
gives good inter-sample independence.

    
The MLCG::MLCG constructor has two parameters, both of which are
seeds for the generator. As in the MLCG generator, both seeds are
modified to give a "better" distribution of seed digits. Thus, you can
safely use values such as `0' or `1' for the seeds. The MLCG
generator used much less state than the ACG generator; only two
longwords (8 bytes) are needed for each generator.

    

    Random
    

    
A random number generator may be declared by first declaring a
RNG and then a Random. For example, ACG gen(10, 20);
NegativeExpntl rnd (1.0, &gen); declares an additive congruential
generator with seed 10 and table size 20, that is used to generate
exponentially distributed values with mean of 1.0.

    
The virtual member Random::operator() is the common way of
extracting a random number from a particular distribution.  The base
class, Random does not implement operator(). This is
performed by each of the subclasses. Thus, given the above declaration
of rnd, new random values may be obtained via, for example,
double next_exp_rand = rnd(); Currently, the following subclasses
are provided.

    

    Binomial
    

    
The binomial distribution models successfully drawing items from
a pool.  The first parameter to the constructor, n, is the
number of items in the pool, and the second parameter, u,
is the probability of each item being successfully drawn.  The
member asDouble returns the number of samples drawn from
the pool.  Although it is not checked, it is assumed that
n>0 and 0 <= u <= 1.  The remaining members allow
you to read and set the parameters.

    

    Erlang
    

    
The Erlang class implements an Erlang distribution with
mean mean and variance variance.

    

    Geometric
    

    
The Geometric class implements a discrete geometric
distribution.  The first parameter to the constructor,
mean, is the mean of the distribution.  Although it is not
checked, it is assumed that 0 <= mean <= 1.
Geometric() returns the number of uniform random samples
that were drawn before the sample was larger than mean.
This quantity is always greater than zero.

    

    HyperGeometric
    

    
The HyperGeometric class implements the hypergeometric
distribution.  The first parameter to the constructor,
mean, is the mean and the second, variance, is the
variance.  The remaining members allow you to inspect and change
the mean and variance.

    

    NegativeExpntl
    

    
The NegativeExpntl class implements the negative
exponential distribution.  The first parameter to the constructor
is the mean.  The remaining members allow you to inspect and
change the mean.

    

    Normal
    

    
The Normalclass implements the normal distribution.  The
first parameter to the constructor, mean, is the mean and
the second, variance, is the variance.  The remaining
members allow you to inspect and change the mean and variance.
The LogNormal class is a subclass of Normal.

    

    LogNormal
    

    
The LogNormalclass implements the logarithmic normal
distribution.  The first parameter to the constructor,
mean, is the mean and the second, variance, is the
variance.  The remaining members allow you to inspect and change
the mean and variance.  The LogNormal class is a subclass
of Normal.

    

    Poisson
    

    
The Poisson class implements the poisson distribution.
The first parameter to the constructor is the mean.  The
remaining members allow you to inspect and change the mean.

    

    DiscreteUniform
    

    
The DiscreteUniform class implements a uniform random variable over
the closed interval ranging from [low..high].  The first parameter
to the constructor is low, and the second is high, although
the order of these may be reversed.  The remaining members allow you to
inspect and change low and high.

    

    Uniform
    

    
The Uniform class implements a uniform random variable over the
open interval ranging from [low..high).  The first parameter to
the constructor is low, and the second is high, although
the order of these may be reversed.  The remaining members allow you to
inspect and change low and high.
    

    Weibull
    

    
The Weibull class implements a weibull distribution with
parameters alpha and beta.  The first parameter to
the class constructor is alpha, and the second parameter
is beta.  The remaining members allow you to inspect and
change alpha and beta.

    

    RandomInteger
    

    
The RandomInteger class is not a subclass of Random,
but a stand-alone integer-oriented class that is dependent on the
RNG classes. RandomInteger returns random integers uniformly from
the closed interval [low..high].  The first parameter to the
constructor is low, and the second is high, although
both are optional.  The last argument is always a generator.
Additional members allow you to inspect and change low and
high.  Random integers are generated using asInt() or
asLong().  Operator syntax (()) is also available as a
shorthand for asLong().  Because RandomInteger is often
used in simulations for which uniform random integers are desired over
a variety of ranges, asLong() and asInt have high
as an optional argument.  Using this optional argument produces a
single value from the new range, but does not change the default
range.

    

    Data Collection
    
Libg++ currently provides two classes for data collection
and analysis of the collected data.

    

    SampleStatistic
    

    
Class SampleStatistic provides a means of accumulating
samples of double values and providing common sample statistics.

    
Assume declaration of double x.

    

    

    

    SampleStatistic a;

    declares and initializes a.

    

    a.reset();

    re-initializes a.

    

    a += x;

    adds sample x.

    

    int n = a.samples();

    returns the number of samples.

    

    x = a.mean;

    returns the means of the samples.

    

    x = a.var()

    returns the sample variance of the samples.

    

    x = a.stdDev()

    returns the sample standard deviation of the samples.

    

    x = a.min()

    returns the minimum encountered sample.

    

    x = a.max()

    returns the maximum encountered sample.

    

    x = a.confidence(int p)

    returns the p-percent (0 <= p < 100) confidence interval.

    

    x = a.confidence(double p)

    returns the p-probability (0 <= p < 1) confidence interval.

    

    

    

    SampleHistogram
    

    
Class SampleHistogram is a derived class of
SampleStatistic that supports collection and display of samples
in bucketed intervals. It supports the following in addition to
SampleStatisic operations.

    

    

    

    SampleHistogram h(double lo, double hi, double width);

    declares and initializes h to have buckets of size width from lo to hi.
If the optional argument width is not specified, 10 buckets are
created. The first bucket and also holds samples less than lo,
and the last one holds samples greater than hi.

    

    int n = h.similarSamples(x)

    returns the number of samples in the same bucket as x.

    

    int n = h.inBucket(int i)

    returns the number of samples in  bucket i.

    

    int b = h.buckets()

    returns the number of buckets.

    

    h.printBuckets(ostream s)

    prints bucket counts on ostream s.

    

    double bound = h.bucketThreshold(int i)

    returns the upper bound of bucket i.

    

    

    

    Curses-based classes
    

    
The CursesWindow class is a repackaging of standard
curses library features into a class. It relies on `curses.h'.

    
The supplied `curses.h' is a fairly conservative declaration
of curses library features, and does not include features like
"screen" or X-window support. It is, for the most part, an
adaptation, rather than an improvement of C-based `curses.h'
files. The only substantive changes are the declarations of
many functions as inline functions rather than macros, which
was done solely to allow overloading.

    
The CursesWindow class encapsulates curses window functions
within a class. Only those functions that control windows are included:
Terminal control functions and macros like cbreak are not part
of the class.  All CursesWindows member functions have names
identical to the corresponding curses library functions, except that the
"w" prefix is generally dropped. Descriptions of these functions may
be found in your local curses library documentation.

    
A CursesWindow may be declared via

    

    

    

    CursesWindow w(WINDOW* win)

    attaches w to the existing WINDOW* win. This is constructor is normally
used only in the following special case.

    

    CursesWindow w(stdscr)

    attaches w to the default curses library standard screen window.

    

    CursesWindow w(int lines, int cols, int begin_y, int begin_x)

    attaches to an allocated curses window with the indicated size and
screen position.

    

    CursesWindow sub(CursesWindow& w,int l,int c,int by,int bx,char ar='a')

    attaches to a subwindow of w created via the curses `subwin' command.
If ar is sent as `r', the origin (by, bx) is relative to the parent 
window, else it is absolute.

    

    

    
The class maintains a static counter that is used in order to
automatically call the curses library initscr and endscr
functions at the proper times. These need not, and should not be
called "manually".

    
CursesWindows maintain a tree of their subwindows. Upon
destruction of a CursesWindow, all of their subwindows are
also invalidated if they had not previously been destroyed.

    
It is possible to traverse trees of subwindows via the following
member functions

    

    

    

    CursesWindow* w.parent()

    returns a pointer to the parent of the subwindow, or 0 if there is none.

    

    CursesWindow* w.child()

    returns the first child subwindow of the window, or 0 if there is none.

    

    CursesWindow* w.sibling()

    returns the next sibling of the subwindow, or 0 if there is none.

    

    

    
For example, to call some function visit for all subwindows
of a window, you could write

    

    
void traverse(CursesWindow& w)
{
  visit(w);
  if (w.child() != 0) traverse(*w.child);
  if (w.sibling() != 0) traverse(*w.sibling);
}


    
   

    List classes
    

    
The files `g++-include/List.hP' and `g++-include/List.ccP'
provide pseudo-generic Lisp-type List classes.  These lists are homogeneous
lists, more similar to lists in statically typed functional languages like
ML than Lisp, but support operations very similar to those found in Lisp.
Any particular kind of list class may be generated via the genclass
shell command. However, the implementation assumes that the base class
supports an equality operator ==.  All equality tests use the
== operator, and are thus equivalent to the use of equal, not
eq in Lisp.
    
All list nodes are created dynamically, and managed via reference counts.
List variables are actually pointers to these list nodes.  
Lists may also be traversed via Pixes, as described in the section
describing Pixes. See section Pseudo-indexes

    
Supported operations are mirrored closely after those in Lisp. Generally,
operations with functional forms are constructive, functional operations,
while member forms (often with the same name) are sometimes
procedural, possibly destructive operations.

    
As with Lisp, destructive operations are supported. Programmers
are allowed to change head and tail fields in any fashion, creating
circular structures and the like. However, again as with Lisp, some
operations implicitly assume that they are operating on pure lists, and
may enter infinite loops when presented with improper lists. Also, the
reference-counting storage management facility may fail to reclaim
unused circularly-linked nodes. 

    
Several Lisp-like higher order functions are supported (e.g., map).
Typedef declarations for the required functional forms are provided
int the `.h' file.

    
For purposes of illustration, assume the specification of class
intList.  Common Lisp versions of supported operations are shown
in brackets for comparison purposes.

    

    Constructors and assignment
    

    

    

    

    intList a;           [ (setq a nil) ]

    Declares a to be a nil intList.

    

    intList b(2);        [ (setq b (cons 2 nil)) ]

    Declares b to be an intList with a head value of 2, and a nil tail.

    

    intList c(3, b);     [ (setq c (cons 3 b)) ]

    Declares c to be an intList with a head value of 3, and b as its tail.

    

    b = a;               [ (setq b a) ]

    Sets b to be the same list as a.

    

    

    
Assume the declarations of intLists a, b, and c in the following.
See section Pseudo-indexes.

    

    List status
    

    

    

    

    a.null(); OR !a;      [ (null a) ]

    returns true if a is null.

    

    a.valid();            [ (listp a) ]

    returns true if a is non-null. Inside a conditional test, the
void* coercion may also be used as in if (a) ....

    

    intList();            [ nil ]

    intList() may be used to null terminate a list, as in
intList f(int x) {if (x == 0) return intList(); ... } .

    

    a.length();           [ (length a) ]

    returns the length of a.

    

    a.list_length();      [ (list-length a) ]

    returns the length of a, or -1 if a is circular.

    

    

    heads and tails
    

    

    

    

    a.get(); OR a.head()  [ (car a) ]

    returns a reference to the head field.

    

    a[2];                 [ (elt a 2) ]

    returns a reference to the second (counting from zero) head field.

    

    a.tail();             [ (cdr a) ]

    returns the intList that is the tail of a.

    

    a.last();             [ (last a) ]

    returns the intList that is the last node of a.

    

    a.nth(2);             [ (nth a 2) ]

    returns the intList that is the nth node of a.

    

    a.set_tail(b);        [ (rplacd a b) ]

    sets a's tail to b.

    

    a.push(2);            [ (push 2 a) ]

    equivalent to a = intList(2, a);

    

    int x = a.pop()       [ (setq x (car a)) (pop a) ]

    returns the head of a, also setting a to its tail.

    

    

    

    Constructive operations
    

    

    

    

    b = copy(a);          [ (setq b (copy-seq a)) ]

    sets b to a copy of a.

    

    b = reverse(a);       [ (setq b (reverse a)) ]

    Sets b to a reversed copy of a.

    

    c = concat(a, b);     [ (setq c (concat a b)) ]

    Sets c to a concatenated copy of a and b.

    

    c = append(a, b);     [ (setq c (append a b)) ]

    Sets c to a concatenated copy of a and b. All nodes of a are
copied, with the last node pointing to b.

    

    b = map(f, a);        [ (setq b (mapcar f a)) ]

    Sets b to a new list created by applying function f to each node
of a.

    

    c = combine(f, a, b);

    Sets c to a new list created by applying function f to successive
pairs of a and b. The resulting list has length the shorter of a
and b.

    

    b = remove(x, a);     [ (setq b (remove x a)) ]

    Sets b to a copy of a, omitting all occurrences of x.

    

    b = remove(f, a);     [ (setq b (remove-if f a)) ]

    Sets b to a copy of a, omitting values causing function f to
return true.

    

    b = select(f, a);     [ (setq b (remove-if-not f a)) ]

    Sets b to a copy of a, omitting values causing function f to
return false.

    

    c = merge(a, b, f);   [ (setq c (merge a b f)) ]

    Sets c to a list containing the ordered elements (using the 
comparison function f) of the sorted lists a and b.

    

    

    

    Destructive operations
    

    

    

    

    a.append(b);          [ (rplacd (last a) b) ]

    appends b to the end of a. No new nodes are constructed.

    

    a.prepend(b);         [ (setq a (append b a)) ]

    prepends b to the beginning of a.

    

    a.del(x);             [ (delete x a) ]

    deletes all nodes with value x from a.

    

    a.del(f);             [ (delete-if f a) ]

    deletes all nodes causing function f to return true.

    

    a.select(f);          [ (delete-if-not f a) ]

    deletes all nodes causing function f to return false.

    

    a.reverse();          [ (nreverse a) ]

    reverses a in-place.

    

    a.sort(f);            [ (sort a f) ]

    sorts a in-place using ordering (comparison) function f.

    

    a.apply(f);           [ (mapc f a) ]

    Applies void function f (int x) to each element of a.

    

    a.subst(int old, int repl); [ (nsubst repl old a) ]

    substitutes repl for each occurrence of old in a. Note the
different argument order than the Lisp version.

    

    

    

    Other operations
    

    

    

    

    a.find(int x);       [ (find x a) ]

    returns the intList at the first occurrence of x.

    

    a.find(b);           [ (find b a) ]

    returns the intList at the first occurrence of sublist b.

    

    a.contains(int x);    [ (member x a) ]

    returns true if a contains x.

    

    a.contains(b);        [ (member b a) ]

    returns true if a contains sublist b.

    

    a.position(int x);    [ (position x a) ]

    returns the zero-based index of x in a, or -1 if x does not occur.

    

    int x = a.reduce(f, int base); [ (reduce f a :initial-value base) ]

    Accumulates the result of applying int function f(int, int) to
successive elements of a, starting with base.

    

    

    

    Linked Lists
    

    
SLLists provide pseudo-generic singly linked lists.  DLLists provide
doubly linked lists.  The lists are designed for the simple maintenance
of elements in a linked structure, and do not provide the more extensive
operations (or node-sharing) of class List. They behave similarly
to the slist and similar classes described by Stroustrup.
    
All list nodes are created dynamically. Assignment is performed via
copying.

    
Class DLList supports all SLList operations, plus
additional operations described below.

    
For purposes of illustration, assume the specification of class
intSLList. In addition to the operations listed here,
SLLists support traversal via Pixes. See section Pseudo-indexes

    

    

    

    intSLList a;

    Declares a to be an empty list.

    

    intSLList b = a;

    Sets b to an element-by-element copy of a.

    

    a.empty()

    returns true if a contains no elements

    

    a.length();

    returns the number of elements in a.

    

    a.prepend(x);

    places x at the front of the list.

    

    a.append(x);

    places x at the end of the list.

    

    a.join(b)

    places all nodes from b to the end of a, simultaneously destroying b.

    

    x = a.front()

    returns a reference to the item stored at the head of the list, 
or triggers an error if the list is empty.

    

    a.rear()

    returns a reference to the rear of the list, or triggers an error if the
list is empty.

    

    x = a.remove_front()

    deletes and returns the item stored at the head of the list.

    

    a.del_front()

    deletes the first element, without returning it.

    

    a.clear()

    deletes all items from the list.

    

    a.ins_after(Pix i, item);

    inserts item after position i. If i is null, insertion is at the front.

    

    a.del_after(Pix i);

    deletes the element following i. If i is 0, the first item is deleted.

    

    

    

    Doubly linked lists
    

    
Class DLList supports the following additional operations,
as well as backward traversal via Pixes.

    

    

    

    x = a.remove_rear();

    deletes and returns the item stored at the rear of the list.

    

    a.del_rear();

    deletes the last element, without returning it.

    

    a.ins_before(Pix i, x)

    inserts x before the i.

    

    a.del(Pix& iint dir = 1)

    deletes the item at the current position, then advances forward
if dir is positive, else backward.

    

    

    

    Vector classes
    

    
The files `g++-include/Vec.ccP' and `g++-include/AVec.ccP'
provide pseudo-generic standard array-based vector operations.  The
corresponding header files are `g++-include/Vec.hP' and
`g++-include/AVec.hP'.  Class Vec provides operations
suitable for any base class that includes an equality operator. Subclass
AVec provides additional arithmetic operations suitable for base
classes that include the full complement of arithmetic operators.

    
Vecs are constructed and assigned by copying. Thus, they should
normally be passed by reference in applications programs.

    
Several mapping functions are provided that allow programmers to
specify operations on vectors as a whole.

    
For illustrative purposes assume that classes intVec and
intAVec have been generated via genclass.

    

    Constructors and assignment
    

    

    

    intVec a;

    declares a to be an empty vector. Its size may be changed via resize.

    

    intVec a(10);

    declares a to be an uninitialized vector of ten elements (numbered 0-9).

    

    intVec b(6, 0);

    declares b to be a vector of six elements, all initialized to zero. Any
value can be used as the initial fill argument.

    

    a = b;

    Copies b to a. a is resized to be the same as b.

    

    a = b.at(2, 4)

    constructs a from the 4 elements of b starting at b[2].

    

    
Assume declarations of intVec a, b, c and int i, x in 
the following.

    

    Status and access
    

    

    

    a.capacity();

    returns the number of elements that can be held in a.

    

    a.resize(20);

    sets a's length to 20. All elements are unchanged, except that if
the new size is smaller than the original, than trailing elements
are deleted, and if greater, trailing elements are uninitialized.

    

    a[i];

    returns a reference to the i'th element of a, or produces an error
if i is out of range.

    

    a.elem(i)

    returns a reference to the i'th element of a. Unlike the [] operator,
i is not checked to ensure that it is within range.

    

    a == b;

    returns true if a and b contain the same elements in the same order.

    

    a != b;

    is the converse of a == b.

    

    

    Constructive operations
    

    

    

    c = concat(a, b);

    sets c to the new vector constructed from all of the elements of
a followed by all of b.

    

    c = map(f, a);

    sets c to the new vector constructed by applying int function f(int)
to each element of a.

    

    c = merge(a, b, f);

    sets c to the new vector constructed by merging the elements of
ordered vectors a and b using ordering (comparison) function f.

    

    c = combine(f, a, b);

    sets c to the new vector constructed by applying int function f(int, int)
to successive pairs of a and b. The result has length the shorter of
a and b.

    

    c = reverse(a)

    sets c to a, with elements in reverse order.

    

    

    Destructive operations
    

    

    

    a.reverse();

    reverses a in-place.

    

    a.sort(f)

    sorts a in-place using comparison function f. The sorting method is a 
variation of the quicksort functions supplied with GNU emacs.

    

    a.fill(0, 4, 2)

    fills the 2 elements starting at a[4] with zero.

    

    

    

    Other operations
    

    

    

    

    a.apply(f)

    applies function f to each element in a.

    

    x = a.reduce(f, base)

    accumulates the results of applying function f to successive elements
of a starting with base.

    

    a.index(int targ);

    returns the index of the leftmost occurrence of the target, or -1,
if it does not occur.

    

    a.error(char* msg)

    invokes the error handler. The default version prints the error message,
then aborts.

    

    

    AVec operations.
    

    
AVecs provide additional arithmetic operations.  All vector-by-vector
operators generate an error if the vectors are not the same length. The
following operations are provided, for AVecs a, b and 
base element (scalar) s.

    

    

    a = b;

    Copies b to a. a and b must be the same size.

    

    a = s;

    fills all elements of a with the value s. a is not resized.

    

    a + s; a - s; a * s; a / s

    adds, subtracts, multiplies, or divides each element of a with the scalar.

    

    a += s; a -= s; a *= s; a /= s;

    adds, subtracts, multiplies, or divides the scalar into a.

    

    a + b; a - b; product(a, b), quotient(a, b)

    adds, subtracts, multiplies, or divides corresponding elements of a and b.

    

    a += b; a -= b; a.product(b); a.quotient(b);

    adds, subtracts, multiplies, or divides corresponding elements of b into a.

    

    s = a * b;

    returns the inner (dot) product of a and b.

    

    x = a.sum();

    returns the sum of elements of a.

    

    x = a.sumsq();

    returns the sum of squared elements of a.

    

    x = a.min();

    returns the minimum element of a.

    

    x = a.max();

    returns the maximum element of a.

    

    i = a.min_index();

    returns the index of the minimum element of a.

    

    i = a.max_index();

    returns the index of the maximum element of a.

    
Note that it is possible to apply vector versions other arithmetic
operators via the mapping functions. For example, to set vector b
to the  cosines of doubleVec a, use b = map(cos, a);.
This is often more efficient than performing the operations
in an element-by-element fashion.

    

    

    Plex classes
    

    
A "Plex" is a kind of array with the following properties:

    

      

    • 
Plexes may have arbitrary upper and lower index bounds. For example
a Plex may be declared to run from indices -10 .. 10.

      

    • 
Plexes may be dynamically expanded at both the lower and upper bounds
of the array in steps of one element.

      

    • 
Only elements that have been specifically initialized or added may
be accessed.

      

    • 
Elements may be accessed via indices. Indices are always checked for
validity at run time.  Plexes may be traversed via simple variations of
standard array indexing loops.

      

    • 
Plex elements may be accessed and traversed via Pixes.

      

    • 
Plex-to-Plex assignment and related operations on entire Plexes
are supported.

      

    • 
Plex classes contain methods to help programmers check the validity
of indexing and pointer operations.

      

    • 
Plexes form "natural" base classes for many restricted-access data
structures relying on logically contiguous indices, such as array-based
stacks and queues.

      

    • 
Plexes are implemented as pseudo-generic classes, and must be generated
via the genclass utility.

    

    
Four subclasses of Plexes are supported: A FPlex is a Plex that
may only grow or shrink within declared bounds; an XPlex may
dynamically grow or shrink without bounds; an RPlex is the
same as an XPlex but better supports indexing with poor
locality of reference; a MPlex may grow
or shrink, and additionally allows the logical deletion and restoration
of elements. Because these classes are virtual subclasses of the
"abstract" class Plex, it is possible to write user code
such as void f(Plex& a) ... that operates on any kind of
Plex. However, as with nearly any virtual class, specifying the
particular Plex class being used results in more efficient code.

    
Plexes are implemented as a linked list of IChunks.  Each chunk
contains a part of the array. Chunk sizes may be specified within Plex
constructors.  Default versions also exist, that use a #define'd
default.  Plexes grow by filling unused space in existing chunks, if
possible, else, except for FPlexes, by adding another chunk.  Whenever
Plexes grow by a new chunk, the default element constructors (i.e.,
those which take no arguments) for all chunk elements are called at
once. When Plexes shrink, destructors for the elements are not called
until an entire chunk is freed. For this reason, Plexes (like C++
arrays) should only be used for elements with default constructors and
destructors that have no side effects.

    
Plexes may be indexed and used like arrays, although traversal
syntax is slightly different. Even though Plexes maintain elements
in lists of chunks, they are implemented so that iteration and
other constructs that maintain locality of reference require very
little overhead over that for simple array traversal
Pix-based traversal is also supported. For example, for a plex, p,
of ints, the following traversal methods could be used.

    

    for (int i = p.low(); i < p.fence(); p.next(i)) use(p[i]);
for (int i = p.high(); i > p.ecnef(); p.prev(i)) use(p[i]);
for (Pix t = p.first(); t != 0; p.next(t)) use(p(i));
for (Pix t = p.last(); t != 0; p.prev(t)) use(p(i));

    

    
Except for MPlexes, simply using ++i and --i works just as
well as p.next(i) and p.prev(i) when traversing by index.
Index-based traversal is generally a bit faster than Pix-based
traversal.

    
XPlexes and MPlexes are less than optimal for applications
in which widely scattered elements are indexed, as might occur when
using Plexes as hash tables or "manually" allocated linked lists.
In such applications, RPlexes are often preferable. RPlexes
use a secondary chunk index table that requires slightly greater,
but entirely uniform overhead per index operation.

    
Even though they may grow in either direction, Plexes are normally
constructed so that their "natural" growth direction is upwards,
in that default chunk construction leaves free space, if present,
at the end of the plex. However, if the chunksize arguments to 
constructors are negative, they leave space at the beginning. 

    
All versions of Plexes support the following basic capabilities.
(letting Plex stand for the type name constructed via the
genclass utility (e.g., intPlex, doublePlex)).  Assume
declarations of Plex p, q, int i, j, base element
x, and Pix pix.

    

    

    

    Plex p;

    Declares p to be an initially zero-sized Plex with low index of zero,
and the default chunk size. For FPlexes, chunk sizes represent maximum
sizes.

    

    Plex p(int size);

    Declares p to be an initially zero-sized Plex with low index of zero,
and the indicated chunk size. If size is negative, then the Plex
is created with free space at the beginning of the Plex,
allowing more efficient add_low() operations. Otherwise, it
leaves space at the end.

    

    Plex p(int low, int size);

    Declares p to be an initially zero-sized Plex with low index of low,
and the indicated chunk size.

    

    Plex p(int low, int high, Base initval, int size = 0);

    Declares p to be a Plex with indices from low to high, initially
filled with initval, and the indicated chunk size if specified,
else the default or (high - low + 1), whichever is greater. 

    

    Plex q(p);

    Declares q to be a copy of p.

    

    p = q;

    Copies Plex q into p, deleting its previous contents.

    

    p.length()

    Returns the number of elements in the Plex.

    

    p.empty()

    Returns true if Plex p contains no elements.

    

    p.full()

    Returns true if Plex p cannot be expanded. This always returns
false for XPlexes and MPlexes.

    

    p[i]

    Returns a reference to the i'th element of p. An exception (error) occurs
if i is not a valid index. 

    

    p.valid(i)

    Returns true if i is a valid index into Plex p.

    

    p.low(); p.high();

    Return the minimum (maximum) valid index of the Plex, or the high (low)
fence if the plex is empty.

    

    p.ecnef(); p.fence();

    Return the index one position past the minimum (maximum) valid index.

    

    p.next(i); i = p.prev(i);

    Set i to the next (previous) index. This index may not be within bounds.

    

    p(pix)

    returns a reference to the item at Pix pix.

    

    pix = p.first(); pix = p.last();

    Return the minimum (maximum) valid Pix of the Plex, or 0
if the plex is empty.

    

    p.next(pix); p.prev(pix);

    set pix to the next (previous) Pix, or 0 if there is none.

    

    p.owns(pix)

    Returns true if the Plex contains the element associated with pix.

    

    p.Pix_to_index(pix)

    If pix is a valid Pix to an element of the Plex, 
returns its corresponding index, else raises an exception. 

    

    ptr = p.index_to_Pix(i)

    if i is a valid index, returns a the corresponding Pix.

    

    p.low_element(); p.high_element();

    Return a reference to the element at the minimum (maximum) valid index.
An exception occurs if the Plex is empty.

    

    p.can_add_low();  p.can_add_high();

    Returns true if the plex can be extended one element downward (upward).
These always return true for XPlex and MPlex.

    

    j = p.add_low(x); j = p.add_high(x);

    Extend the Plex by one element downward (upward). The new minimum
(maximum) index is returned.

    

    j = p.del_low(); j = p.del_high()

    Shrink the Plex by one element on the low (high) end. The new
minimum (maximum) element is returned. An exception occurs if the
Plex is empty.

    

    p.append(q);

    Append all of Plex q to the high side of p.

    

    p.prepend(q);

    Prepend all of q to the low side of p.

    

    p.clear()

    Delete all elements, resetting p to a zero-sized Plex.

    

    p.reset_low(i);

    Resets p to be indexed starting at low() = i. For example.
if p were initially declared via Plex p(0, 10, 0), 
and then re-indexed via p.reset_low(5), 
it could then be indexed from indices 5 .. 14.

    

    p.fill(x)

    sets all p[i] to x.

    

    p.fill(x, lo, hi)

    sets all of p[i] from lo to hi, inclusive, to x.

    

    p.reverse()

    reverses p in-place.

    

    p.chunk_size()

    returns the chunk size used for the plex.

    

    p.error(const char * msg)

    calls the resettable error handler.

    

    

    
MPlexes are plexes with bitmaps that allow items to be logically
deleted and restored. They behave like other plexes, but
also support the following additional and modified capabilities:

    

    

    

    p.del_index(i); p.del_Pix(pix)

    logically deletes p[i] (p(pix)). After deletion, attempts to access p[i]
generate a error. Indexing via low(), high(), prev(),
and next() skip the element. Deleting an element never changes the
logical bounds of the plex. 

    

    p.undel_index(i); p.undel_Pix(pix)

    logically undeletes p[i] (p(pix)). 

    

    p.del_low(); p.del_high()

    Delete the lowest (highest) undeleted element, resetting the
logical bounds of the plex to the next lowest (highest) undeleted
index. Thus, MPlex del_low() and del_high() may shrink the bounds
of the plex by more than one index.

    

    p.adjust_bounds()

    Resets the low and high bounds of the Plex to the indexes of
the lowest and highest actual undeleted elements.

    

    int i = p.add(x)

    Adds x in an unused index, if possible, else performs add_high.

    

    p.count()

    returns the number of valid (undeleted) elements.

    

    p.available()

    returns the number of available (deleted) indices.

    

    int i = p.unused_index()

    returns the index of some deleted element, if one exists, 
else triggers an error. An unused element may be reused via undel.

    

    pix = p.unused_Pix()

    returns the pix of some deleted element, if one exists, else 0.
An unused element may be reused via undel.

    

    

    

    Stacks
    

    
Stacks are declared as an "abstract" class. They are currently
implemented in any of three ways.

    

    

    

    VStack

    implement fixed sized stacks via arrays.

    

    XPStack

    implement dynamically-sized stacks via XPlexes.

    

    SLStack

    implement dynamically-size stacks via linked lists.

    

    

    
All possess the same capabilities. They differ only in constructors.
VStack constructors require a fixed maximum capacity argument. 
XPStack constructors optionally take a chunk size argument.
SLStack constructors take no argument.

    
Assume the declaration of a base element x.

    

    

    

    Stack s;  or Stack s(int capacity)

    declares a Stack.

    

    s.empty()

    returns true if stack s is empty.

    

    s.full()

    returns true if stack s is full. XPStacks and SLStacks never become full.

    

    s.length()

    returns the current number of elements in the stack.

    

    s.push(x)

    pushes x on stack s.

    

    x = s.pop()

    pops and returns the top of stack

    

    s.top()

    returns a reference to the top of stack.

    

    s.del_top()

    pops, but does not return the top of stack. When large items are held
on the stack it is often a good idea to use top() to inspect and use
the top of stack, followed by a del_top()

    

    s.clear()

    removes all elements from the stack.

    

    

    

    Queues
    

    
Queues are declared as an "abstract" class. They are currently
implemented in any of three ways.

    

    

    VQueue

    implement fixed sized Queues via arrays.

    

    XPQueue

    implement dynamically-sized Queues via XPlexes.

    

    SLQueue

    implement dynamically-size Queues via linked lists.

    

    
All possess the same capabilities; they differ only in constructors.
VQueue constructors require a fixed maximum capacity argument. 
XPQueue constructors optionally take a chunk size argument.
SLQueue constructors take no argument.

    
Assume the declaration of a base element x.

    

    

    Queue q; or Queue q(int capacity);

    declares a queue.

    

    q.empty()

    returns true if queue q is empty.

    

    q.full()

    returns true if queue q is full. XPQueues and SLQueues are never full.

    

    q.length()

    returns the current number of elements in the queue.

    

    q.enq(x)

    enqueues x on queue q.

    

    x = q.deq()

    dequeues and returns the front of queue

    

    q.front()

    returns a reference to the front of queue.

    

    q.del_front()

    dequeues, but does not return the front of queue

    

    q.clear()

    removes all elements from the queue.

    

    

    Double ended Queues
    

    
Deques are declared as an "abstract" class. They are currently
implemented in two ways.

    

    

    

    XPDeque

    implement dynamically-sized Deques via XPlexes.

    

    DLDeque

    implement dynamically-size Deques via linked lists.

    

    

    
All possess the same capabilities. They differ only in constructors.
XPDeque constructors optionally take a chunk size argument.
DLDeque constructors take no argument.

    
Double-ended queues support both stack-like and queue-like capabilities:

    
Assume the declaration of a base element x.

    

    

    

    Deque d; or Deque d(int initial_capacity)

    declares a deque.

    

    d.empty()

    returns true if deque d is empty.

    

    d.full()

    returns true if deque d is full. 
Always returns false in current implementations.

    

    d.length()

    returns the current number of elements in the deque.

    

    d.enq(x)

    inserts x at the rear of deque d.

    

    d.push(x)

    inserts x at the front of deque d.

    

    x = d.deq()

    dequeues and returns the front of deque

    

    d.front()

    returns a reference to the front of deque.

    

    d.rear()

    returns a reference to the rear of the deque.

    

    d.del_front()

    deletes, but does not return the front of deque

    

    d.del_rear()

    deletes, but does not return the rear of the deque.

    

    d.clear()

    removes all elements from the deque.

    

    

    

    Priority Queue class prototypes.
    

    
Priority queues maintain collections of objects arranged for fast
access to the least element.

    
Several prototype implementations of priority queues are supported.

    

    

    

    XPPQs

    implement 2-ary heaps via XPlexes.

    

    SplayPQs

    implement  PQs via Sleator and Tarjan's (JACM 1985)
splay trees. The algorithms use a version of "simple top-down
splaying" (described on page 669 of the article).  The simple-splay
mechanism for priority queue functions is loosely based on the one used
by D. Jones in the C splay tree functions available from volume 14 of
the uunet.uu.net archives.

    

    PHPQs

    implement pairing heaps (as described by Fredman and
Sedgewick in Algorithmica, Vol 1, p111-129).  Storage for heap elements
is managed via an internal freelist technique. The constructor allows an
initial capacity estimate for freelist space.  The storage is automatically
expanded if necessary to hold new items. The deletion technique is a fast
"lazy deletion" strategy that marks items as deleted, without reclaiming
space until the items come to the top of the heap. 

    

    

    
All PQ classes support the following operations, for some PQ class
Heap, instance h, Pix ind, and base class
variable x.

    

    

    

    h.empty()

    returns true if there are no elements in the PQ.

    

    h.length()

    returns the number of elements in h.

    

    ind = h.enq(x)

    Places x in the PQ, and returns its index.

    

    x = h.deq()

    Dequeues the minimum element of the PQ into x, or generates an error
if the PQ is empty.

    

    h.front()

    returns a reference to the minimum element.

    

    h.del_front()

    deletes the minimum element.

    

    h.clear();

    deletes all elements from h;

    

    h.contains(x)

    returns true if x is in h.

    

    h(ind)

    returns a reference to the item indexed by ind.

    

    ind = h.first()

    returns the Pix of first item in the PQ or 0 if empty. 
This need not be the Pix of the least element.

    

    h.next(ind)

    advances ind to the Pix of next element, or 0 if there are no more.

    

    ind = h.seek(x)

    Sets ind to the Pix of x, or 0 if x is not in h.

    

    h.del(ind)

    deletes the item with Pix ind.

    

    

    

    Set class prototypes
    

    
Set classes maintain unbounded collections of items containing 
no duplicate elements.

    
These are currently implemented in several ways, differing in
representation strategy, algorithmic efficiency, and appropriateness for
various tasks. (Listed next to each are average (followed by worst-case,
if different) time complexities for [a] adding, [f] finding (via seek,
contains), [d] deleting, elements, and [c] comparing (via ==, <=) and
[m] merging (via |=, -=, &=) sets).

    

    

    XPSets

    implement unordered sets via XPlexes. 
([a O(n)], [f O(n)], [d O(n)], [c O(n^2)] [m O(n^2)]).

    

    OXPSets

    implement ordered sets via XPlexes.
([a O(n)], [f O(log n)], [d O(n)], [c O(n)] [m O(n)]).

    

    SLSets

    implement unordered sets via linked lists
([a O(n)], [f O(n)], [d O(n)], [c O(n^2)] [m O(n^2)]).

    

    OSLSets

    implement ordered sets via linked lists
([a O(n)], [f O(n)], [d O(n)], [c O(n)] [m O(n)]).

    

    AVLSets

    implement ordered sets via threaded AVL trees
([a O(log n)], [f O(log n)], [d O(log n)], [c O(n)] [m O(n)]).

    

    BSTSets

    implement ordered sets via binary search trees. The trees may
be manually rebalanced via the O(n) balance() member function.
([a O(log n)/O(n)], [f O(log n)/O(n)], [d O(log n)/O(n)], [c O(n)] [m O(n)]).

    

    SplaySets

    implement ordered sets via Sleator and Tarjan's (JACM 1985)
splay trees. The algorithms use a version of "simple top-down
splaying" (described on page 669 of the article).  
(Amortized: [a O(log n)], [f O(log n)], [d O(log n)], [c O(n)] [m O(n log n)]).

    

    VHSets

    implement unordered sets via hash tables.
The tables are automatically resized when their capacity is exhausted.
([a O(1)/O(n)], [f O(1)/O(n)], [d O(1)/O(n)], [c O(n)/O(n^2)] [m O(n)/O(n^2)]).

    

    VOHSets

    implement unordered sets via ordered hash tables
The tables are automatically resized when their capacity is exhausted.
([a O(1)/O(n)], [f O(1)/O(n)], [d O(1)/O(n)], [c O(n)/O(n^2)] [m O(n)/O(n^2)]).

    

    CHSets

    implement unordered sets via chained hash tables.
([a O(1)/O(n)], [f O(1)/O(n)], [d O(1)/O(n)], [c O(n)/O(n^2)] [m O(n)/O(n^2)]).

    

    
The different implementations differ in whether their constructors
require an argument specifying their initial capacity. Initial
capacities are required for plex and hash table based Sets.  If none is
given DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY (from `<T>defs.h') is
used.
    
Sets support the following operations, for some class Set,
instances a and b, Pix ind, and base 
element x. Since all implementations are virtual derived classes
of the <T>Set class, it is possible to mix and match operations
across different implementations, although, as usual, operations
are generally faster when the particular classes are specified
in functions operating on Sets. 

    
Pix-based operations are more fully described in the section
on Pixes. See section Pseudo-indexes

    

    

    

    Set a; or Set a(int initial_size);

    Declares a to be an empty Set. The second version is allowed in
set classes that require initial capacity or sizing specifications.

    

    a.empty()

    returns true if a is empty.

    

    a.length()

    returns the number of elements in a.

    

    Pix ind = a.add(x)

    inserts x into a, returning its index.

    

    a.del(x)

    deletes x from a.

    

    a.clear()

    deletes all elements from a;

    

    a.contains(x)

    returns true if x is in a.

    

    a(ind)

    returns a reference to the item indexed by ind.

    

    ind = a.first()

    returns the Pix of first item in the set or 0 if the Set is empty. 
For ordered Sets, this is the Pix of the least element.

    

    a.next(ind)

    advances ind to the Pix of next element, or 0 if there are no more.

    

    ind = a.seek(x)

    Sets ind to the Pix of x, or 0 if x is not in a.

    

    a == b

    returns true if a and b contain all the same elements.

    

    a != b

    returns true if a and b do not contain all the same elements.

    

    a <= b

    returns true if a is a subset of b.

    

    a |= b

    Adds all elements of b to a. 

    

    a -= b

    Deletes all elements of b from a.

    

    a &= b

    Deletes all elements of a not occurring in b.

    

    

    

    Bag class prototypes
    

    
Bag classes maintain unbounded collections of items potentially
containing  duplicate elements.

    
These are currently implemented in several ways, differing in
representation strategy, algorithmic efficiency, and appropriateness for
various tasks. (Listed next to each are average (followed by worst-case,
if different) time complexities for [a] adding, [f] finding (via seek,
contains), [d] deleting elements).

    

    

    

    XPBags

    implement unordered Bags via XPlexes.
([a O(1)], [f O(n)], [d O(n)]).

    

    OXPBags

    implement ordered Bags via XPlexes.
([a O(n)], [f O(log n)], [d O(n)]).

    

    SLBags

    implement unordered Bags via linked lists
([a O(1)], [f O(n)], [d O(n)]).

    

    OSLBags

    implement ordered Bags via linked lists
([a O(n)], [f O(n)], [d O(n)]).

    

    SplayBags

    implement ordered Bags via Sleator and Tarjan's (JACM 1985)
splay trees. The algorithms use a version of "simple top-down
splaying" (described on page 669 of the article).
(Amortized: [a O(log n)], [f O(log n)], [d O(log n)]).

    

    VHBags

    implement unordered Bags via hash tables.
The tables are automatically resized when their capacity is exhausted.
([a O(1)/O(n)], [f O(1)/O(n)], [d O(1)/O(n)]).

    

    CHBags

    implement unordered Bags via chained hash tables.
([a O(1)/O(n)], [f O(1)/O(n)], [d O(1)/O(n)]).

    

    

    
The implementations differ in whether their constructors
require an argument to specify their initial capacity. Initial
capacities are required for plex and hash table based Bags.  If none is
given DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY (from `<T>defs.h') is used.
    
Bags support the following operations, for some class Bag,
instances a and b, Pix ind, and base 
element x. Since all implementations are virtual derived classes
of the <T>Bag class, it is possible to mix and match operations
across different implementations, although, as usual, operations
are generally faster when the particular classes are specified
in functions operating on Bags. 

    
Pix-based operations are more fully described in the section
on Pixes. See section Pseudo-indexes

    

    

    

    Bag a; or Bag a(int initial_size)

    Declares a to be an empty Bag. The second version is allowed in
Bag classes that require initial capacity or sizing specifications.

    

    a.empty()

    returns true if a is empty.

    

    a.length()

    returns the number of elements in a.

    

    ind = a.add(x)

    inserts x into a, returning its index.

    

    a.del(x)

    deletes one occurrence of x from a.

    

    a.remove(x)

    deletes all occurrences of x from a.

    

    a.clear()

    deletes all elements from a;

    

    a.contains(x)

    returns true if x is in a.

    

    a.nof(x)

    returns the number of occurrences of x in a.

    

    a(ind)

    returns a reference to the item indexed by ind.

    

    int = a.first()

    returns the Pix of first item in the Bag or 0 if the Bag is empty. 
For ordered Bags, this is the Pix of the least element.

    

    a.next(ind)

    advances ind to the Pix of next element, or 0 if there are no more.

    

    ind = a.seek(x. Pix from = 0)

    Sets ind to the Pix of the next occurrence x, or 0 if there are none.
If from is 0, the first occurrence is returned, else the following from.

    

    

    

    Map Class Prototypes
    

    
Maps support associative array operations (insertion, deletion, and
membership of records based on an associated key). They require
the specification of two types, the key type and the contents type.

    
These are currently implemented in several ways, differing in
representation strategy, algorithmic efficiency, and appropriateness for
various tasks. (Listed next to each are average (followed by worst-case,
if different) time complexities for [a] accessing (via op [],
contains), [d] deleting elements).

    

    

    

    AVLMaps

    implement ordered Maps via threaded AVL trees
([a O(log n)], [d O(log n)]).

    

    RAVLMaps

    Similar, but also maintain ranking information, used via 
ranktoPix(int r), that returns the Pix of the
item at rank r, and rank(key) that returns the
rank of the corresponding item.
([a O(log n)], [d O(log n)]).

    

    SplayMaps

    implement ordered Maps via Sleator and Tarjan's (JACM 1985)
splay trees. The algorithms use a version of "simple top-down
splaying" (described on page 669 of the article).  
(Amortized: [a O(log n)], [d O(log n)]).

    

    VHMaps

    implement unordered Maps via hash tables.
The tables are automatically resized when their capacity is exhausted.
([a O(1)/O(n)], [d O(1)/O(n)]).

    

    CHMaps

    implement unordered Maps via chained hash tables.
([a O(1)/O(n)], [d O(1)/O(n)]).

    

    

    
The different implementations differ in whether their constructors
require an argument specifying their initial capacity. Initial
capacities are required for hash table based Maps.  If none is
given DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY (from `<T>defs.h') is
used.
    
All Map classes share the following operations (for some Map class,
Map instance d, Pix ind and key variable k,
and contents variable x).

    
Pix-based operations are more fully described in the section
on Pixes. See section Pseudo-indexes

    

    

    

    Map d(x);  Map d(x, int initial_capacity)

    Declare d to be an empty Map. The required argument, x, specifies
the default contents, i.e., the contents of an otherwise
uninitialized location. The second version, specifying
initial capacity is allowed for Maps with an initial capacity
argument.

    

    d.empty()

    returns true if d contains no items.

    

    d.length()

    returns the number of items in d.

    

    d[k]

    returns a reference to the contents of item with key k. If no
such item exists, it is installed with the default contents.
Thus d[k] = x installs x, and x = d[k] retrieves it. 

    

    d.contains(k)

    returns true if an item with key field k exists in d.

    

    d.del(k)

    deletes the item with key k.

    

    d.clear()

    deletes all items from the table.

    

    x = d.dflt()

    returns the default contents.

    

    k = d.key(ind)

    returns a reference to the key at Pix ind.

    

    x = d.contents(ind)

    returns a reference to the contents at Pix ind.

    

    ind = d.first()

    returns the Pix of the first element in d, or 0 if d is empty.

    

    d.next(ind)

    advances ind to the next element, or 0 if there are no more.

    

    ind = d.seek(k)

    returns the Pix of element with key k, or 0 if k is not in d.

    

    

    

    C++ version of the GNU getopt function
    

    
The GetOpt class provides an efficient and structured mechanism for
processing command-line options from an application program.  The sample
program fragment below illustrates a typical use of the GetOpt class
for some hypothetical application program:

    

    #include <stdio.h>
#include <GetOpt.h>
//...
int debug_flag, compile_flag, size_in_bytes;

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  // Invokes ctor `GetOpt (int argc, char **argv, 
  //                       char *optstring);'
  GetOpt getopt (argc, argv, "dcs:");
  int option_char;
  
  // Invokes member function `int operator ()(void);'
  while ((option_char = getopt ()) != EOF)
    switch (option_char)
      {  
         case 'd': debug_flag = 1; break;
         case 'c': compile_flag = 1; break;
         case 's': size_in_bytes = atoi (getopt.optarg); break;
         case '?': fprintf (stderr, 
                            "usage: %s [dcs<size>]\n", argv[0]);
      }
}

    

    
Unlike the C library version, the libg++ GetOpt class uses its
constructor to initialize class data members containing the argument
count, argument vector, and the option string.  This simplifies the
interface for each subsequent call to member function int operator
()(void).

    
The C version, on the other hand, uses hidden static variables to retain
the option string and argument list values between calls to
getopt.  This complicates the getopt interface since the
argument count, argument vector, and option string must be passed as
parameters for each invocation.  For the C version, the loop in the
previous example becomes:

    

      while ((option_char = getopt (argc, argv, "dcs:")) != EOF)
    // ...

    

    
which requires extra overhead to pass the parameters for every call.

    
Along with the GetOpt constructor and int operator ()(void),
the other relevant elements of class GetOpt are:

    

    

    char *optarg

    Used for communication from operator ()(void) to the caller.
When operator ()(void) finds an option that takes an argument, the
argument value is stored here.

    int optind

    Index in argv of the next element to be scanned.
This is used for communication to and from the caller
and for communication between successive calls to operator ()(void).
          
When operator ()(void) returns EOF, this is the index of the
first of the non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
              
Otherwise, optind communicates from one call to the next how much
of argv has been scanned so far.

    

    
The libg++ version of GetOpt acts like standard UNIX getopt for
the calling routine, but it behaves differently for the user, since it
allows the user to intersperse the options with the other arguments.
      
As GetOpt works, it permutes the elements of argv so that, when
it is done, all the options precede everything else.  Thus all
application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order.

    
Setting the environment variable _POSIX_OPTION_ORDER disables
permutation.  Then the behavior is completely standard.

    

    Projects and other things left to do
    

    

    Coming Attractions
    

    
Some things that will probably be available in libg++ in the near future:

    

      

      

    • 
Revamped C-compatibility header files that will be compatible with
the forthcoming (ANSI-based) GNU libc.a

      

    • 
A revision of the File-based classes that will use the GNU stdio library,
and also be 100% compatible (even at the streambuf level) with the AT&T
2.0 stream classes.

      

    • 
Additional container class prototypes.

      

    • 
generic Matrix class prototypes.

      

    • 
A task package probably based on Dirk Grunwald's threads package.

      

    

    

    Wish List
    

    
Some things that people have mentioned that they would like to
see in libg++, but for which there have not been any offers:

    

      

      

    • 
A method to automatically convert or incorporate libg++ classes
so they can be used directly in Gorlen's OOPS environment.

      

    • 
A class browser.

      

    • 
A better general exception-handling strategy.

      

    • 
Better documentation.

      

    

    

    How to contribute
    

    
Programmers who have written C++ classes that they believe to
be of general interest are encourage to write to dl at rocky.oswego.edu.
Contributing code is not difficult. Here are some general guidelines:

    

      

      

    • 
FSF must maintain the right to accept or reject potential contributions.
Generally, the only reasons for rejecting contributions are cases where
they duplicate existing or nearly-released code, contain unremovable
specific machine dependencies, or are somehow incompatible with the
rest of the library. 

      

    • 
Acceptance of contributions means that the code is accepted for adaptation
into libg++.  FSF must reserve the right to make various editorial changes
in code. Very often, this merely entails formatting, maintenance of various
conventions, etc. Contributors are always given authorship credit and shown
the final version for approval.

      

    • 
Contributors must assign their copyright to FSF via a form sent out
upon acceptance. Assigning copyright to FSF ensures that the code
may be freely distributed.

      

    • 
Assistance in providing documentation, test files, and debugging
support is strongly encouraged.

      

    

    
Extensions, comments, and suggested modifications of existing libg++
features are also very welcome.
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/CPLUSPLUS/glossary.html0000644000076400001440000000303507055335116016365 

Glossary of C++ terms.




    

    

    Glossary of C++ terms.
    

    

    


o
Base Class - A class that is inherited by other classes. 


    



o
Derived Class - A class that inherits methods from a base class and
add its own methods.


    


o
Class -


    


o
method -


    


o
Object -


    


o
polymorphism -


    



o
SubClass - See Derived Classes


    


o
SuperClass - See Base Classes


    


    

    

    

    

    

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    Martin Leslie
20-Mar-96
    


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INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
INSTALL_HEADER = $(INSTALL_DATA)
transform = @program_transform_name@
NORMAL_INSTALL = :
PRE_INSTALL = :
POST_INSTALL = :
NORMAL_UNINSTALL = :
PRE_UNINSTALL = :
POST_UNINSTALL = :
build_alias = @build_alias@
build_triplet = @build@
host_alias = @host_alias@
host_triplet = @host@
target_alias = @target_alias@
target_triplet = @target@
AMTAR = @AMTAR@
ARTSCCONFIG = @ARTSCCONFIG@
AS = @AS@
AUTODIRS = @AUTODIRS@
AWK = @AWK@
CC = @CC@
CONF_FILES = @CONF_FILES@
CPP = @CPP@
CXX = @CXX@
CXXCPP = @CXXCPP@
DCOPIDL = @DCOPIDL@
DCOPIDL2CPP = @DCOPIDL2CPP@
DCOP_DEPENDENCIES = @DCOP_DEPENDENCIES@
DEPDIR = @DEPDIR@
DLLTOOL = @DLLTOOL@
DPMSINC = @DPMSINC@
DPMSLIB = @DPMSLIB@
EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
GCJ = @GCJ@
GCJFLAGS = @GCJFLAGS@
GLINC = @GLINC@
GLLIB = @GLLIB@
GMSGFMT = @GMSGFMT@
IDL = @IDL@
IDL_DEPENDENCIES = @IDL_DEPENDENCIES@
INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM@
JAR = @JAR@
JAVAC = @JAVAC@
JAVAH = @JAVAH@
JVMLIBS = @JVMLIBS@
KDECONFIG = @KDECONFIG@
KDE_CXXFLAGS = @KDE_CXXFLAGS@
KDE_EXTRA_RPATH = @KDE_EXTRA_RPATH@
KDE_INCLUDES = @KDE_INCLUDES@
KDE_LDFLAGS = @KDE_LDFLAGS@
KDE_PLUGIN = @KDE_PLUGIN@
KDE_RPATH = @KDE_RPATH@
KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE = @KDE_USE_CLOSURE_FALSE@
KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE = @KDE_USE_CLOSURE_TRUE@
KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE = @KDE_USE_FINAL_FALSE@
KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE = @KDE_USE_FINAL_TRUE@
KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET = @KDE_XSL_STYLESHEET@
LIBCOMPAT = @LIBCOMPAT@
LIBCRYPT = @LIBCRYPT@
LIBDL = @LIBDL@
LIBGEN = @LIBGEN@
LIBJPEG = @LIBJPEG@
LIBMICO = @LIBMICO@
LIBOBJS = @LIBOBJS@
LIBPNG = @LIBPNG@
LIBPTHREAD = @LIBPTHREAD@
LIBPYTHON = @LIBPYTHON@
LIBQIMGIO = @LIBQIMGIO@
LIBRESOLV = @LIBRESOLV@
LIBSHADOW = @LIBSHADOW@
LIBSM = @LIBSM@
LIBSOCKET = @LIBSOCKET@
LIBTIFF = @LIBTIFF@
LIBTOOL = @LIBTOOL@
LIBUCB = @LIBUCB@
LIBUTIL = @LIBUTIL@
LIBXINERAMA = @LIBXINERAMA@
LIBZ = @LIBZ@
LIB_KAB = @LIB_KAB@
LIB_KDECORE = @LIB_KDECORE@
LIB_KDEUI = @LIB_KDEUI@
LIB_KFILE = @LIB_KFILE@
LIB_KFM = @LIB_KFM@
LIB_KFORMULA = @LIB_KFORMULA@
LIB_KHTML = @LIB_KHTML@
LIB_KIMGIO = @LIB_KIMGIO@
LIB_KIO = @LIB_KIO@
LIB_KPARTS = @LIB_KPARTS@
LIB_KSPELL = @LIB_KSPELL@
LIB_KSYCOCA = @LIB_KSYCOCA@
LIB_KWRITE = @LIB_KWRITE@
LIB_QT = @LIB_QT@
LIB_SMB = @LIB_SMB@
LIB_X11 = @LIB_X11@
LN_S = @LN_S@
MCOPIDL = @MCOPIDL@
MEINPROC = @MEINPROC@
MICO_INCLUDES = @MICO_INCLUDES@
MICO_LDFLAGS = @MICO_LDFLAGS@
MOC = @MOC@
MSGFMT = @MSGFMT@
NOOPT_CXXFLAGS = @NOOPT_CXXFLAGS@
NOREPO = @NOREPO@
OBJDUMP = @OBJDUMP@
OBJEXT = @OBJEXT@
PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@
PAMLIBS = @PAMLIBS@
PASSWDLIBS = @PASSWDLIBS@
PYTHONINC = @PYTHONINC@
PYTHONLIB = @PYTHONLIB@
PYTHONMODDIR = @PYTHONMODDIR@
QT_INCLUDES = @QT_INCLUDES@
QT_LDFLAGS = @QT_LDFLAGS@
RANLIB = @RANLIB@
REPO = @REPO@
SETUIDFLAGS = @SETUIDFLAGS@
STRIP = @STRIP@
TOPSUBDIRS = @TOPSUBDIRS@
UIC = @UIC@
UIC_TR = @UIC_TR@
USER_INCLUDES = @USER_INCLUDES@
USER_LDFLAGS = @USER_LDFLAGS@
USE_EXCEPTIONS = @USE_EXCEPTIONS@
USE_RTTI = @USE_RTTI@
USE_THREADS = @USE_THREADS@
VERSION = @VERSION@
XGETTEXT = @XGETTEXT@
XPMINC = @XPMINC@
XPMLIB = @XPMLIB@
X_EXTRA_LIBS = @X_EXTRA_LIBS@
X_INCLUDES = @X_INCLUDES@
X_LDFLAGS = @X_LDFLAGS@
X_PRE_LIBS = @X_PRE_LIBS@
all_includes = @all_includes@
all_libraries = @all_libraries@
am__include = @am__include@
am__quote = @am__quote@
idldir = @idldir@
install_sh = @install_sh@
jni_includes = @jni_includes@
kde_appsdir = @kde_appsdir@
kde_bindir = @kde_bindir@
kde_confdir = @kde_confdir@
kde_datadir = @kde_datadir@
kde_htmldir = @kde_htmldir@
kde_icondir = @kde_icondir@
kde_includes = @kde_includes@
kde_libraries = @kde_libraries@
kde_libs_htmldir = @kde_libs_htmldir@
kde_libs_prefix = @kde_libs_prefix@
kde_locale = @kde_locale@
kde_mimedir = @kde_mimedir@
kde_moduledir = @kde_moduledir@
kde_qtver = @kde_qtver@
kde_servicesdir = @kde_servicesdir@
kde_servicetypesdir = @kde_servicetypesdir@
kde_sounddir = @kde_sounddir@
kde_templatesdir = @kde_templatesdir@
kde_wallpaperdir = @kde_wallpaperdir@
micodir = @micodir@
qt_includes = @qt_includes@
qt_libraries = @qt_libraries@
x_includes = @x_includes@
x_libraries = @x_libraries@

EXTRA_DIST = $(wildcard *.html) $(wildcard *.gif)
docs_DATA = $(EXTRA_DIST)

docsdir = $(kde_htmldir)/en/kdevelop/$(subdir)
subdir = reference/GRAPHICS
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/admin/mkinstalldirs
CONFIG_HEADER = $(top_builddir)/config.h
CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES =
DIST_SOURCES =
DATA = $(docs_DATA)

DIST_COMMON = Makefile.am Makefile.in
#>- all: all-am
#>+ 1
all: docs-am  all-am

.SUFFIXES:

mostlyclean-libtool:
	-rm -f *.lo

clean-libtool:
	-rm -rf .libs _libs

distclean-libtool:
	-rm -f libtool
$(srcdir)/Makefile.in:  Makefile.am  $(top_srcdir)/configure.in $(ACLOCAL_M4)
#>- 	cd $(top_srcdir) && \
#>- $(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/GRAPHICS/Makefile
#>+ 3
	cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/GRAPHICS/Makefile
	cd $(top_srcdir) && perl admin/am_edit reference/GRAPHICS/Makefile.in
Makefile:  $(srcdir)/Makefile.in  $(top_builddir)/config.status
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uninstall-info-am:
install-docsDATA: $(docs_DATA)
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	$(INSTALL_DATA) $$d$$p $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
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uninstall-docsDATA:
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	@list='$(docs_DATA)'; for p in $$list; do \
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	echo " rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f"; \
	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)/$$f; \
	done
tags: TAGS
TAGS:


#>- DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)
#>+ 4
KDE_DIST=blueball.gif cref2.gif mail.gif star.gif ski2.gif mart5.gif syntax.gif orangeball.gif bg.gif purpleball.gif linux.gif man.gif redball2.gif utah.gif thumb.gif directory.gif mart7.gif grey.gif master.gif bg1.gif mottled.gif redball.gif computer.gif books.gif ptr.gif yellowball.gif whiteball.gif climb.gif news.gif function.gif linklist.gif help.gif sound_2.gif bluelne.gif 

DISTFILES= $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST) $(KDE_DIST)


top_distdir = ../..
distdir = $(top_distdir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)

distdir: $(DISTFILES)
	@for file in $(DISTFILES); do \
	if test -f $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
	dir=`echo "$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
	if test "$$dir" != "$$file" && test "$$dir" != "."; then \
	$(mkinstalldirs) "$(distdir)/$$dir"; \
	fi; \
	if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
	cp -pR $$d/$$file $(distdir) \
	|| exit 1; \
	else \
	test -f $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| cp -p $$d/$$file $(distdir)/$$file \
	|| exit 1; \
	fi; \
	done
check-am: all-am
check: check-am
all-am: Makefile $(DATA)

installdirs:
	$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)

install: install-am
install-exec: install-exec-am
install-data: install-data-am
uninstall: uninstall-am

install-am: all-am
	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am

installcheck: installcheck-am
install-strip:
	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
	`test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
	echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
mostlyclean-generic:

clean-generic:

distclean-generic:
	-rm -f Makefile $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES) stamp-h stamp-h[0-9]*

maintainer-clean-generic:
	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
#>- clean: clean-am
#>+ 1
clean: kde-rpo-clean  clean-am

clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am

distclean: distclean-am

distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic distclean-libtool

dvi: dvi-am

dvi-am:

info: info-am

info-am:

install-data-am: install-docsDATA

install-exec-am:

install-info: install-info-am

install-man:

installcheck-am:

maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am

maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic

mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am

mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool

uninstall-am: uninstall-docsDATA uninstall-info-am

.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
	distclean distclean-generic distclean-libtool distdir dvi \
	dvi-am info info-am install install-am install-data \
	install-data-am install-docsDATA install-exec install-exec-am \
	install-info install-info-am install-man install-strip \
	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
	mostlyclean-libtool uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-docsDATA \
	uninstall-info-am

# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:

#>+ 2
docs-am:

#>+ 6
force-reedit:
		cd $(top_srcdir) && \
	$(AUTOMAKE) --gnu  reference/GRAPHICS/Makefile
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#>+ 2
final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
final-install:
	$(MAKE) install-am
#>+ 2
no-final:
	$(MAKE) all-am
#>+ 2
no-final-install:
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#>+ 3
cvs-clean:
	$(MAKE) -f $(top_srcdir)/admin/Makefile.common cvs-clean

#>+ 3
kde-rpo-clean:
	-rm -f *.rpo
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'> DovTܻ6ĥbNŚPL|4Q(XЦ`sm"f&^TX?F)۳;Ce? _.4?[xUi(%T6ETRtA5ZOIzFf7]-X?1E,ᕥJloI4˳œh-\5wfkbGukU0Mһ+`Qɧ\S]иրM6cqߑ<1$cg7W1&]wa~vpuE1Ump$t>qju+=rwT߆0tmחn]_}a_Rx}%]fZ8YBve6DWb=ww"4p*BW20IF22Bx
p~>>BXN6+E6n0ecyiyB9Fک=xnf;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/reference/GRAPHICS/help.gif0000644000076400001440000000041507055335306015061 GIF87a((nnn,((pH+ͻ`)fh؆pY)0Mx?5l@,oWHh:p">'iv|hݜF&v
hsfy=o~xj>o>}dmqw|7qrblKicCiZkA}!02¯1{F=ˢR1Χѽץӂ8^Hʕ>#+	;c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/AUTHORS0000644000076400001440000000027307055341616011357 ***Content-Author***
Martin Leslie

***Main-Package-Developers***

KDevelop Team

*** primary contact addresses ***
kdevelop-team@barney.cs.uni-potsdam.de
tasin@e-technik.fh-muenchen.de

c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/libtool.m4.in0000644000076400001440000005501507244431673012631 ## libtool.m4 - Configure libtool for the target system. -*-Shell-script-*-
## Copyright (C) 1996-2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## Originally by Gordon Matzigkeit , 1996
##
## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
## (at your option) any later version.
##
## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
## General Public License for more details.
##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
## Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you
## distribute this file as part of a program that contains a
## configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under
## the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program.

# serial 42 AC_PROG_LIBTOOL
AC_DEFUN(AC_PROG_LIBTOOL,
[AC_REQUIRE([AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])dnl

# Save cache, so that ltconfig can load it
AC_CACHE_SAVE

# Actually configure libtool.  ac_aux_dir is where install-sh is found.
AR="$AR" CC="$CC" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS" \
MAGIC="$MAGIC" LD="$LD" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" LIBS="$LIBS" \
LN_S="$LN_S" NM="$NM" RANLIB="$RANLIB" STRIP="$STRIP" \
AS="$AS" DLLTOOL="$DLLTOOL" OBJDUMP="$OBJDUMP" \
objext="$OBJEXT" exeext="$EXEEXT" reload_flag="$reload_flag" \
deplibs_check_method="$deplibs_check_method" file_magic_cmd="$file_magic_cmd" \
${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $ac_aux_dir/ltconfig --no-reexec \
$libtool_flags --no-verify --build="$build" $ac_aux_dir/ltmain.sh $lt_target \
|| AC_MSG_ERROR([libtool configure failed])

# Reload cache, that may have been modified by ltconfig
AC_CACHE_LOAD

# This can be used to rebuild libtool when needed
LIBTOOL_DEPS="$ac_aux_dir/ltconfig $ac_aux_dir/ltmain.sh"

# Always use our own libtool.
LIBTOOL='$(SHELL) $(top_builddir)/libtool'
AC_SUBST(LIBTOOL)dnl

# Redirect the config.log output again, so that the ltconfig log is not
# clobbered by the next message.
exec 5>>./config.log
])

AC_DEFUN(AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP,
[AC_PREREQ(2.13)dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_SHARED])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_STATIC])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_BUILD])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_LD])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_LD_RELOAD_FLAG])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_NM])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_LN_S])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_DEPLIBS_CHECK_METHOD])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_OBJEXT])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_EXEEXT])dnl
dnl

# Only perform the check for file, if the check method requires it
case "$deplibs_check_method" in
file_magic*)
  if test "$file_magic_cmd" = '${MAGIC}'; then
    AC_PATH_MAGIC
  fi
  ;;
esac

case "$target" in
NONE) lt_target="$host" ;;
*) lt_target="$target" ;;
esac

AC_CHECK_TOOL(RANLIB, ranlib, :)
AC_CHECK_TOOL(STRIP, strip, :)

# Check for any special flags to pass to ltconfig.
libtool_flags="--cache-file=$cache_file"
test "$enable_shared" = no && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-shared"
test "$enable_static" = no && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-static"
test "$enable_fast_install" = no && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-fast-install"
test "$ac_cv_prog_gcc" = yes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --with-gcc"
test "$ac_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --with-gnu-ld"
ifdef([AC_PROVIDE_AC_LIBTOOL_DLOPEN],
[libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --enable-dlopen"])
ifdef([AC_PROVIDE_AC_LIBTOOL_WIN32_DLL],
[libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --enable-win32-dll"])
AC_ARG_ENABLE(libtool-lock,
  [  --disable-libtool-lock  avoid locking (might break parallel builds)])
test "x$enable_libtool_lock" = xno && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --disable-lock"
test x"$silent" = xyes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --silent"

AC_ARG_WITH(pic,
  [  --with-pic              try to use only PIC/non-PIC objects [default=use both]],
     pic_mode="$withval", pic_mode=default)
test x"$pic_mode" = xyes && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --prefer-pic"
test x"$pic_mode" = xno && libtool_flags="$libtool_flags --prefer-non-pic"

# Some flags need to be propagated to the compiler or linker for good
# libtool support.
case "$lt_target" in
*-*-irix6*)
  # Find out which ABI we are using.
  echo '[#]line __oline__ "configure"' > conftest.$ac_ext
  if AC_TRY_EVAL(ac_compile); then
    case "`/usr/bin/file conftest.o`" in
    *32-bit*)
      LD="${LD-ld} -32"
      ;;
    *N32*)
      LD="${LD-ld} -n32"
      ;;
    *64-bit*)
      LD="${LD-ld} -64"
      ;;
    esac
  fi
  rm -rf conftest*
  ;;

*-*-sco3.2v5*)
  # On SCO OpenServer 5, we need -belf to get full-featured binaries.
  SAVE_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -belf"
  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the C compiler needs -belf], lt_cv_cc_needs_belf,
    [AC_LANG_SAVE
     AC_LANG_C
     AC_TRY_LINK([],[],[lt_cv_cc_needs_belf=yes],[lt_cv_cc_needs_belf=no])
     AC_LANG_RESTORE])
  if test x"$lt_cv_cc_needs_belf" != x"yes"; then
    # this is probably gcc 2.8.0, egcs 1.0 or newer; no need for -belf
    CFLAGS="$SAVE_CFLAGS"
  fi
  ;;

ifdef([AC_PROVIDE_AC_LIBTOOL_WIN32_DLL],
[*-*-cygwin* | *-*-mingw*)
  AC_CHECK_TOOL(DLLTOOL, dlltool, false)
  AC_CHECK_TOOL(AS, as, false)
  AC_CHECK_TOOL(OBJDUMP, objdump, false)

  # recent cygwin and mingw systems supply a stub DllMain which the user
  # can override, but on older systems we have to supply one
  AC_CACHE_CHECK([if libtool should supply DllMain function], lt_cv_need_dllmain,
    [AC_TRY_LINK([],
      [extern int __attribute__((__stdcall__)) DllMain(void*, int, void*);
      DllMain (0, 0, 0);],
      [lt_cv_need_dllmain=no],[lt_cv_need_dllmain=yes])])

  case "$lt_target/$CC" in
  *-*-cygwin*/gcc*-mno-cygwin*|*-*-mingw*)
    # old mingw systems require "-dll" to link a DLL, while more recent ones
    # require "-mdll"
    SAVE_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -mdll"
    AC_CACHE_CHECK([how to link DLLs], lt_cv_cc_dll_switch,
      [AC_TRY_LINK([], [], [lt_cv_cc_dll_switch=-mdll],[lt_cv_cc_dll_switch=-dll])])
    CFLAGS="$SAVE_CFLAGS" ;;
  *-*-cygwin*)
    # cygwin systems need to pass --dll to the linker, and not link
    # crt.o which will require a WinMain@16 definition.
    lt_cv_cc_dll_switch="-Wl,--dll -nostartfiles" ;;
  esac
  ;;
  ])
esac
])

# AC_LIBTOOL_DLOPEN - enable checks for dlopen support
AC_DEFUN(AC_LIBTOOL_DLOPEN, [AC_BEFORE([$0],[AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])])

# AC_LIBTOOL_WIN32_DLL - declare package support for building win32 dll's
AC_DEFUN(AC_LIBTOOL_WIN32_DLL, [AC_BEFORE([$0], [AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])])

# AC_ENABLE_SHARED - implement the --enable-shared flag
# Usage: AC_ENABLE_SHARED[(DEFAULT)]
#   Where DEFAULT is either `yes' or `no'.  If omitted, it defaults to
#   `yes'.
AC_DEFUN(AC_ENABLE_SHARED, [dnl
define([AC_ENABLE_SHARED_DEFAULT], ifelse($1, no, no, yes))dnl
AC_ARG_ENABLE(shared,
changequote(<<, >>)dnl
<<  --enable-shared[=PKGS]  build shared libraries [default=>>AC_ENABLE_SHARED_DEFAULT],
changequote([, ])dnl
[p=${PACKAGE-default}
case "$enableval" in
yes) enable_shared=yes ;;
no) enable_shared=no ;;
*)
  enable_shared=no
  # Look at the argument we got.  We use all the common list separators.
  IFS="${IFS= 	}"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:,"
  for pkg in $enableval; do
    if test "X$pkg" = "X$p"; then
      enable_shared=yes
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
  ;;
esac],
enable_shared=AC_ENABLE_SHARED_DEFAULT)dnl
])

# AC_DISABLE_SHARED - set the default shared flag to --disable-shared
AC_DEFUN(AC_DISABLE_SHARED, [AC_BEFORE([$0],[AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])dnl
AC_ENABLE_SHARED(no)])

# AC_ENABLE_STATIC - implement the --enable-static flag
# Usage: AC_ENABLE_STATIC[(DEFAULT)]
#   Where DEFAULT is either `yes' or `no'.  If omitted, it defaults to
#   `yes'.
AC_DEFUN(AC_ENABLE_STATIC, [dnl
define([AC_ENABLE_STATIC_DEFAULT], ifelse($1, no, no, yes))dnl
AC_ARG_ENABLE(static,
changequote(<<, >>)dnl
<<  --enable-static[=PKGS]  build static libraries [default=>>AC_ENABLE_STATIC_DEFAULT],
changequote([, ])dnl
[p=${PACKAGE-default}
case "$enableval" in
yes) enable_static=yes ;;
no) enable_static=no ;;
*)
  enable_static=no
  # Look at the argument we got.  We use all the common list separators.
  IFS="${IFS= 	}"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:,"
  for pkg in $enableval; do
    if test "X$pkg" = "X$p"; then
      enable_static=yes
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
  ;;
esac],
enable_static=AC_ENABLE_STATIC_DEFAULT)dnl
])

# AC_DISABLE_STATIC - set the default static flag to --disable-static
AC_DEFUN(AC_DISABLE_STATIC, [AC_BEFORE([$0],[AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])dnl
AC_ENABLE_STATIC(no)])


# AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL - implement the --enable-fast-install flag
# Usage: AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL[(DEFAULT)]
#   Where DEFAULT is either `yes' or `no'.  If omitted, it defaults to
#   `yes'.
AC_DEFUN(AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL, [dnl
define([AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL_DEFAULT], ifelse($1, no, no, yes))dnl
AC_ARG_ENABLE(fast-install,
changequote(<<, >>)dnl
<<  --enable-fast-install[=PKGS]  optimize for fast installation [default=>>AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL_DEFAULT],
changequote([, ])dnl
[p=${PACKAGE-default}
case "$enableval" in
yes) enable_fast_install=yes ;;
no) enable_fast_install=no ;;
*)
  enable_fast_install=no
  # Look at the argument we got.  We use all the common list separators.
  IFS="${IFS= 	}"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:,"
  for pkg in $enableval; do
    if test "X$pkg" = "X$p"; then
      enable_fast_install=yes
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
  ;;
esac],
enable_fast_install=AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL_DEFAULT)dnl
])

# AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL - set the default to --disable-fast-install
AC_DEFUN(AC_DISABLE_FAST_INSTALL, [AC_BEFORE([$0],[AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])dnl
AC_ENABLE_FAST_INSTALL(no)])


# AC_PATH_TOOL_PREFIX - find a file program which can recognise shared library
AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_TOOL_PREFIX,
[AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $1])
AC_CACHE_VAL(lt_cv_path_MAGIC,
[case "$MAGIC" in
  /*)
  lt_cv_path_MAGIC="$MAGIC" # Let the user override the test with a path.
  ;;
  ?:/*)
  ac_cv_path_MAGIC="$MAGIC" # Let the user override the test with a dos path.
  ;;
  *)
  ac_save_MAGIC="$MAGIC"
  IFS="${IFS=   }"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS=":"
dnl $ac_dummy forces splitting on constant user-supplied paths.
dnl POSIX.2 word splitting is done only on the output of word expansions,
dnl not every word.  This closes a longstanding sh security hole.
  ac_dummy="ifelse([$2], , $PATH, [$2])"
  for ac_dir in $ac_dummy; do
    test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=.
    if test -f $ac_dir/$1; then
      lt_cv_path_MAGIC="$ac_dir/$1"
      if test -n "$file_magic_test_file"; then
	case "$deplibs_check_method" in
	"file_magic "*)
	  file_magic_regex="`expr \"$deplibs_check_method\" : \"file_magic \(.*\)\"`"
	  MAGIC="$lt_cv_path_MAGIC"
	  if eval $file_magic_cmd \$file_magic_test_file 2> /dev/null |
	    egrep "$file_magic_regex" > /dev/null; then
	    :
	  else
	    cat <&2

*** Warning: the command libtool uses to detect shared libraries,
*** $file_magic_cmd, produces output that libtool cannot recognize.
*** The result is that libtool may fail to recognize shared libraries
*** as such.  This will affect the creation of libtool libraries that
*** depend on shared libraries, but programs linked with such libtool
*** libraries will work regardless of this problem.  Nevertheless, you
*** may want to report the problem to your system manager and/or to
*** bug-libtool@gnu.org

EOF
	  fi ;;
	esac
      fi
      break
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
  MAGIC="$ac_save_MAGIC"
  ;;
esac])
MAGIC="$lt_cv_path_MAGIC"
if test -n "$MAGIC"; then
  AC_MSG_RESULT($MAGIC)
else
  AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
fi
])


# AC_PATH_MAGIC - find a file program which can recognise a shared library
AC_DEFUN(AC_PATH_MAGIC,
[AC_REQUIRE([AC_CHECK_TOOL_PREFIX])dnl
AC_PATH_TOOL_PREFIX(${ac_tool_prefix}file, /usr/bin:$PATH)
if test -z "$lt_cv_path_MAGIC"; then
  if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then
    AC_PATH_TOOL_PREFIX(file, /usr/bin:$PATH)
  else
    MAGIC=:
  fi
fi
])


# AC_PROG_LD - find the path to the GNU or non-GNU linker
AC_DEFUN(AC_PROG_LD,
[AC_ARG_WITH(gnu-ld,
[  --with-gnu-ld           assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]],
test "$withval" = no || with_gnu_ld=yes, with_gnu_ld=no)
AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])dnl
AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_BUILD])dnl
ac_prog=ld
if test "$ac_cv_prog_gcc" = yes; then
  # Check if gcc -print-prog-name=ld gives a path.
  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for ld used by GCC])
  case $lt_target in
  *-*-mingw*)
    # gcc leaves a trailing carriage return which upsets mingw
    ac_prog=`($CC -print-prog-name=ld) 2>&5 | tr -d '\015'` ;;
  *)
    ac_prog=`($CC -print-prog-name=ld) 2>&5` ;;
  esac
  case "$ac_prog" in
    # Accept absolute paths.
changequote(,)dnl
    [\\/]* | [A-Za-z]:[\\/]*)
      re_direlt='/[^/][^/]*/\.\./'
changequote([,])dnl
      # Canonicalize the path of ld
      ac_prog=`echo $ac_prog| sed 's%\\\\%/%g'`
      while echo $ac_prog | grep "$re_direlt" > /dev/null 2>&1; do
	ac_prog=`echo $ac_prog| sed "s%$re_direlt%/%"`
      done
      test -z "$LD" && LD="$ac_prog"
      ;;
  "")
    # If it fails, then pretend we aren't using GCC.
    ac_prog=ld
    ;;
  *)
    # If it is relative, then search for the first ld in PATH.
    with_gnu_ld=unknown
    ;;
  esac
elif test "$with_gnu_ld" = yes; then
  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for GNU ld])
else
  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for non-GNU ld])
fi
AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_LD,
[if test -z "$LD"; then
  IFS="${IFS= 	}"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}${PATH_SEPARATOR-:}"
  for ac_dir in $PATH; do
    test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=.
    if test -f "$ac_dir/$ac_prog" || test -f "$ac_dir/$ac_prog$ac_exeext"; then
      ac_cv_path_LD="$ac_dir/$ac_prog"
      # Check to see if the program is GNU ld.  I'd rather use --version,
      # but apparently some GNU ld's only accept -v.
      # Break only if it was the GNU/non-GNU ld that we prefer.
      if "$ac_cv_path_LD" -v 2>&1 < /dev/null | egrep '(GNU|with BFD)' > /dev/null; then
	test "$with_gnu_ld" != no && break
      else
	test "$with_gnu_ld" != yes && break
      fi
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
else
  ac_cv_path_LD="$LD" # Let the user override the test with a path.
fi])
LD="$ac_cv_path_LD"
if test -n "$LD"; then
  AC_MSG_RESULT($LD)
else
  AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
fi
test -z "$LD" && AC_MSG_ERROR([no acceptable ld found in \$PATH])
AC_PROG_LD_GNU
])

AC_DEFUN(AC_PROG_LD_GNU,
[AC_CACHE_CHECK([if the linker ($LD) is GNU ld], ac_cv_prog_gnu_ld,
[# I'd rather use --version here, but apparently some GNU ld's only accept -v.
if $LD -v 2>&1 &5; then
  ac_cv_prog_gnu_ld=yes
else
  ac_cv_prog_gnu_ld=no
fi])
with_gnu_ld=$ac_cv_prog_gnu_ld
])

# AC_PROG_LD_RELOAD_FLAG - find reload flag for linker
#   -- PORTME Some linkers may need a different reload flag.
AC_DEFUN(AC_PROG_LD_RELOAD_FLAG,
[AC_CACHE_CHECK([for $LD option to reload object files], lt_cv_ld_reload_flag,
[lt_cv_ld_reload_flag='-r'])
reload_flag=$lt_cv_ld_reload_flag
test -n "$reload_flag" && reload_flag=" $reload_flag"
])

# AC_DEPLIBS_CHECK_METHOD - how to check for library dependencies
#  -- PORTME fill in with the dynamic library characteristics
AC_DEFUN(AC_DEPLIBS_CHECK_METHOD,
[AC_CACHE_CHECK([how to recognise dependant libraries],
lt_cv_deplibs_check_method,
[lt_cv_file_magic_cmd='${MAGIC}'
lt_cv_file_magic_test_file=
lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='unknown'
# Need to set the preceding variable on all platforms that support
# interlibrary dependencies.
# 'none' -- dependencies not supported.
# `unknown' -- same as none, but documents that we really don't know.
# 'pass_all' -- all dependencies passed with no checks.
# 'test_compile' -- check by making test program.
# 'file_magic [regex]' -- check by looking for files in library path
# which responds to the $file_magic_cmd with a given egrep regex.
# If you have `file' or equivalent on your system and you're not sure
# whether `pass_all' will *always* work, you probably want this one.

case "$host_os" in
aix4* | beos*)
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
  ;;

bsdi4*)
  changequote(,)dnl
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic ELF [0-9][0-9]*-bit [ML]SB (shared object|dynamic lib)'
  changequote([, ])dnl
  lt_cv_file_magic_test_file=/shlib/libc.so
  ;;

cygwin* | mingw*)
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic file format pei*-i386(.*architecture: i386)?'
  lt_cv_file_magic_cmd='${OBJDUMP} -f'
  ;;

freebsd*)
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
  ;;

gnu*)
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
  ;;

irix5* | irix6*)
  case "$host_os" in
  irix5*)
    # this will be overridden with pass_all, but let us keep it just in case
    lt_cv_deplibs_check_method="file_magic ELF 32-bit MSB dynamic lib MIPS - version 1"
    ;;
  *)
    case "$LD" in
    *-32|*"-32 ") libmagic=32-bit;;
    *-n32|*"-n32 ") libmagic=N32;;
    *-64|*"-64 ") libmagic=64-bit;;
    *) libmagic=never-match;;
    esac
    # this will be overridden with pass_all, but let us keep it just in case
    changequote(,)dnl
    lt_cv_deplibs_check_method="file_magic ELF ${libmagic} MSB mips-[1234] dynamic lib MIPS - version 1"
    changequote([, ])dnl
    ;;
  esac
  lt_cv_file_magic_test_file=`echo /lib${libsuff}/libc.so*`
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
  ;;

# This must be Linux ELF.
linux-gnu*)
  case "$host_cpu" in
  alpha* | i*86 | powerpc* | sparc* )
    lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all ;;
  *)
    # glibc up to 2.1.1 does not perform some relocations on ARM
    changequote(,)dnl
    lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic ELF [0-9][0-9]*-bit [LM]SB (shared object|dynamic lib )' ;;
    changequote([, ])dnl
  esac
  lt_cv_file_magic_test_file=`echo /lib/libc.so* /lib/libc-*.so`
  ;;

osf3* | osf4* | osf5*)
  # this will be overridden with pass_all, but let us keep it just in case
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic COFF format alpha shared library'
  lt_cv_file_magic_test_file=/shlib/libc.so
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
  ;;

sco3.2v5*)
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
  ;;

solaris*)
  lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
  lt_cv_file_magic_test_file=/lib/libc.so
  ;;

sysv4 | sysv4.2uw2* | sysv4.3* | sysv5*)
  case "$host_vendor" in
  ncr)
    lt_cv_deplibs_check_method=pass_all
    ;;
  motorola)
    changequote(,)dnl
    lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic ELF [0-9][0-9]*-bit [ML]SB (shared object|dynamic lib) M[0-9][0-9]* Version [0-9]'
    changequote([, ])dnl
    lt_cv_file_magic_test_file=`echo /usr/lib/libc.so*`
    ;;
  esac
  ;;
esac
])
file_magic_cmd=$lt_cv_file_magic_cmd
deplibs_check_method=$lt_cv_deplibs_check_method
])


# AC_PROG_NM - find the path to a BSD-compatible name lister
AC_DEFUN(AC_PROG_NM,
[AC_MSG_CHECKING([for BSD-compatible nm])
AC_CACHE_VAL(ac_cv_path_NM,
[if test -n "$NM"; then
  # Let the user override the test.
  ac_cv_path_NM="$NM"
else
  IFS="${IFS= 	}"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}${PATH_SEPARATOR-:}"
  for ac_dir in $PATH /usr/ccs/bin /usr/ucb /bin; do
    test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=.
    if test -f $ac_dir/nm || test -f $ac_dir/nm$ac_exeext ; then
      # Check to see if the nm accepts a BSD-compat flag.
      # Adding the `sed 1q' prevents false positives on HP-UX, which says:
      #   nm: unknown option "B" ignored
      if ($ac_dir/nm -B /dev/null 2>&1 | sed '1q'; exit 0) | egrep /dev/null >/dev/null; then
	ac_cv_path_NM="$ac_dir/nm -B"
	break
      elif ($ac_dir/nm -p /dev/null 2>&1 | sed '1q'; exit 0) | egrep /dev/null >/dev/null; then
	ac_cv_path_NM="$ac_dir/nm -p"
	break
      else
	ac_cv_path_NM=${ac_cv_path_NM="$ac_dir/nm"} # keep the first match, but
	continue # so that we can try to find one that supports BSD flags
      fi
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
  test -z "$ac_cv_path_NM" && ac_cv_path_NM=nm
fi])
NM="$ac_cv_path_NM"
AC_MSG_RESULT([$NM])
])

# AC_CHECK_LIBM - check for math library
AC_DEFUN(AC_CHECK_LIBM,
[AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])dnl
LIBM=
case "$lt_target" in
*-*-beos* | *-*-cygwin*)
  # These system don't have libm
  ;;
*-ncr-sysv4.3*)
  AC_CHECK_LIB(mw, _mwvalidcheckl, LIBM="-lmw")
  AC_CHECK_LIB(m, main, LIBM="$LIBM -lm")
  ;;
*)
  AC_CHECK_LIB(m, main, LIBM="-lm")
  ;;
esac
])

# AC_LIBLTDL_CONVENIENCE[(dir)] - sets LIBLTDL to the link flags for
# the libltdl convenience library, adds --enable-ltdl-convenience to
# the configure arguments.  Note that LIBLTDL is not AC_SUBSTed, nor
# is AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS called.  If DIR is not provided, it is assumed
# to be `${top_builddir}/libltdl'.  Make sure you start DIR with
# '${top_builddir}/' (note the single quotes!) if your package is not
# flat, and, if you're not using automake, define top_builddir as
# appropriate in the Makefiles.
AC_DEFUN(AC_LIBLTDL_CONVENIENCE, [AC_BEFORE([$0],[AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])dnl
  case "$enable_ltdl_convenience" in
  no) AC_MSG_ERROR([this package needs a convenience libltdl]) ;;
  "") enable_ltdl_convenience=yes
      ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args --enable-ltdl-convenience" ;;
  esac
  LIBLTDL=ifelse($#,1,$1,['${top_builddir}/libltdl'])/libltdlc.la
  INCLTDL=ifelse($#,1,-I$1,['-I${top_srcdir}/libltdl'])
])

# AC_LIBLTDL_INSTALLABLE[(dir)] - sets LIBLTDL to the link flags for
# the libltdl installable library, and adds --enable-ltdl-install to
# the configure arguments.  Note that LIBLTDL is not AC_SUBSTed, nor
# is AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS called.  If DIR is not provided, it is assumed
# to be `${top_builddir}/libltdl'.  Make sure you start DIR with
# '${top_builddir}/' (note the single quotes!) if your package is not
# flat, and, if you're not using automake, define top_builddir as
# appropriate in the Makefiles.
# In the future, this macro may have to be called after AC_PROG_LIBTOOL.
AC_DEFUN(AC_LIBLTDL_INSTALLABLE, [AC_BEFORE([$0],[AC_LIBTOOL_SETUP])dnl
  AC_CHECK_LIB(ltdl, main,
  [test x"$enable_ltdl_install" != xyes && enable_ltdl_install=no],
  [if test x"$enable_ltdl_install" = xno; then
     AC_MSG_WARN([libltdl not installed, but installation disabled])
   else
     enable_ltdl_install=yes
   fi
  ])
  if test x"$enable_ltdl_install" = x"yes"; then
    ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args --enable-ltdl-install"
    LIBLTDL=ifelse($#,1,$1,['${top_builddir}/libltdl'])/libltdl.la
    INCLTDL=ifelse($#,1,-I$1,['-I${top_srcdir}/libltdl'])
  else
    ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args --enable-ltdl-install=no"
    LIBLTDL="-lltdl"
    INCLTDL=
  fi
])

dnl old names
AC_DEFUN(AM_PROG_LIBTOOL, [indir([AC_PROG_LIBTOOL])])dnl
AC_DEFUN(AM_ENABLE_SHARED, [indir([AC_ENABLE_SHARED], $@)])dnl
AC_DEFUN(AM_ENABLE_STATIC, [indir([AC_ENABLE_STATIC], $@)])dnl
AC_DEFUN(AM_DISABLE_SHARED, [indir([AC_DISABLE_SHARED], $@)])dnl
AC_DEFUN(AM_DISABLE_STATIC, [indir([AC_DISABLE_STATIC], $@)])dnl
AC_DEFUN(AM_PROG_LD, [indir([AC_PROG_LD])])dnl
AC_DEFUN(AM_PROG_NM, [indir([AC_PROG_NM])])dnl

dnl This is just to silence aclocal about the macro not being used
ifelse([AC_DISABLE_FAST_INSTALL])dnl
c_cpp_reference-2.0.2/INSTALL0000644000076400001440000001655007244442077011350 Basic Installation
==================

   These are generic installation instructions.

   The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
various system-dependent variables used during compilation.  It uses
those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.
It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent
definitions.  Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that
you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a file
`config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to speed up
reconfiguring, and a file `config.log' containing compiler output
(useful mainly for debugging `configure').

   If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try
to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail
diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can
be considered for the next release.  If at some point `config.cache'
contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it.

   The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a program
called `autoconf'.  You only need `configure.in' if you want to change
it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of `autoconf'.

The simplest way to compile this package is:

  1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type
     `./configure' to configure the package for your system.  If you're
     using `csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type
     `sh ./configure' instead to prevent `csh' from trying to execute
     `configure' itself.

     Running `configure' takes a while.  While running, it prints some
     messages telling which features it is checking for.

     For installation to KDE 2.x you don't need to specify the version.
     For installation to KDE 1.x use :
       ./configure --with-kde-version=1 

     REMEMBER: often you have to
     use also --prefix= and --with-qt-dir= to specify the pathes
     AND:
     once you have used ./configure the pathes are in the cache file
     (config.cache), so if you want to change the configuration to
     use it with another KDE version, you have to delete config.cache
     first.

  2. Type `make' to compile the package.

  3. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
     documentation.

  4. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
     source code directory by typing `make clean'.  

Compilers and Options
=====================

   Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that
the `configure' script does not know about.  You can give `configure'
initial values for variables by setting them in the environment.  Using
a Bourne-compatible shell, you can do that on the command line like
this:
     CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure

Or on systems that have the `env' program, you can do it like this:
     env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure

Compiling For Multiple Architectures
====================================

   You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
own directory.  To do this, you must use a version of `make' that
supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'.  `cd' to the
directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
the `configure' script.  `configure' automatically checks for the
source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.

   If you have to use a `make' that does not supports the `VPATH'
variable, you have to compile the package for one architecture at a time
in the source code directory.  After you have installed the package for
one architecture, use `make distclean' before reconfiguring for another
architecture.

Installation Names
==================

   By default, `make install' will install the package's files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/man', etc.  You can specify an
installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving `configure' the
option `--prefix=PATH'.

   You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.  If you
give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH', the package will use
PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.

   If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.

Optional Features
=================

   Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
`configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System).  The
`README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the
package recognizes.

   For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually
find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
`--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.

Specifying the System Type
==========================

   There may be some features `configure' can not figure out
automatically, but needs to determine by the type of host the package
will run on.  Usually `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints
a message saying it can not guess the host type, give it the
`--host=TYPE' option.  TYPE can either be a short name for the system
type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name with three fields:
     CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM

See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field.  If
`config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't
need to know the host type.

   If you are building compiler tools for cross-compiling, you can also
use the `--target=TYPE' option to select the type of system they will
produce code for and the `--build=TYPE' option to select the type of
system on which you are compiling the package.

Sharing Defaults
================

   If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share,
you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives
default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.
`configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
`PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists.  Or, you can set the
`CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.
A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script.

Operation Controls
==================

   `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it
operates.

`--cache-file=FILE'
     Use and save the results of the tests in FILE instead of
     `./config.cache'.  Set FILE to `/dev/null' to disable caching, for
     debugging `configure'.

`--help'
     Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit.

`--quiet'
`--silent'
`-q'
     Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.

`--srcdir=DIR'
     Look for the package's source code in directory DIR.  Usually
     `configure' can determine that directory automatically.

`--version'
     Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'
     script, and exit.

`--with-kde-version=(1|2)'
     Specify the kde version of the installation.

`configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options.