Makefile0000664000175000017500000000117014165653717010706 0ustar jtnjtnbuild: echo "null build" clean: echo "null clean" dist: rm -f ../hamexam.orig.tar.gz tar zcvf ../hamexam.orig.tar.gz --exclude debian * install: mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share cp -r share $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/hamexam mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin ln -s ../share/hamexam/hamexam $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin/hamexam mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/man/man1 gzip -c hamexam.1 > $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/man/man1/hamexam.1.gz mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/applications cp hamexam.desktop $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/applications/hamexam.desktop mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/pixmaps cp hamexam.png $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/pixmaps/hamexam.png hamexam.10000664000175000017500000000521714411405306010735 0ustar jtnjtn.TH HAMEXAM 1 .SH NAME hamexam \- Study guide for USA FCC amateur radio (ham radio) license examinations. .SH SYNOPSIS .B hamexam {t,g,e,q} .SH DESCRIPTION .B hamexam presents questions in random order from the selected question pool, and terminates when all questions have been answered correctly. The session may be terminated with end-of-file (^D), and restarted later. Some questions refer to figures. The figures for the selected question pool are displayed in a separate window using $PNG_VIEWER, if it is executable. If $PNG_VIEWER is undefined, eog(1), gwenview(1), gpicview(1), ristretto(1), will be used, whichever is first found to be an executable command. If $PNG_VIEWER is not an executable command (e.g. ""), or if none of the other viewers are installed, then questions which refer to figures will be noted and skipped. Licenses are issued by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), but examinations are administered by Volunteer Examiners. .SH OPTIONS If no pool is specified, usage, version, and help information is displayed. In normal usage, one of the following options should be specified: .IP .B t Element 2, the Technician Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2022 through June 30, 2024). This is the entry-level license. .B g Element 3, the General Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2027). Element 2 is also required. .B e Element 4, the Extra Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2020 through June 30, 2024). Elements 2 and 3 are also required. .B q The question pool is selected interactively. .SH FILES A directory ~/.hamexam is created to hold the names of the questions which remain to be answered correctly. .SH SEE ALSO For more information regarding licensing, ref. https://www.arrl.org/licensing-education-training For information regarding the question pools, ref. http://www.ncvec.org/ .SH COPYRIGHT .B hamexam is Copyright (c) 2011-2023 John Nogatch AC6SL . .B hamexam version 1.10.0 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. .SH BUGS The question pools are normally good for 4 years each, but are sometimes modified; ref. http://www.ncvec.org/ .B hamexam does not automatically update the question pools from the VEC Web site. hamexam.desktop0000664000175000017500000000026114165653717012261 0ustar jtnjtn[Desktop Entry] Name=hamexam GenericName=hamexam Comment=Ham Radio Examination trainer Exec=hamexam q Icon=hamexam Terminal=true Type=Application Categories=Education;HamRadio; hamexam.png0000664000175000017500000000252114165653717011375 0ustar jtnjtnPNG  IHDR00WsBIT|d pHYsbb_'StEXtSoftwarewww.inkscape.org<IDAThmEvti4zav5{ " hÖ>%a#)$ZwH@ tLVB47*65^Las.{`x<3s9?-0L`: TsT])v8 \zu#0ͳ~~O` Zk `<]y0f_#k-AGN$6q;Am<|` 0|0Ri_t#p\o3Gť.dRF񔅥XBR~`Gn0u`|`+yZN+lmN}>ϓ/U4q]v;mRlk}yپ(%+K? ?Wts[]S9+~? !x)2F0y+2eӯBdqfj+ yp( 84 _B%:;}ڏAٟ! ܤ`cs9 Yo 0Şϣx{ /欓Vyu7W{>Wz6<~ʃh!m3Pc׫u'g9S;8uULUNPmsQޣu X)=Î &.@yH&f`D#Z>-&zCAlrBbg2U˕o3WoHZ0S#B1$`3\IkQ}Zltx/49`;_})aU02S[{ `>^s\ mln$5 os LV)0שL0\|3QǶ5g[6q3ʇBE ثː;Fˁ5Hѱ.g`"w\KDߦv94$v?B"iӌP@G>`w;biC }7[[( &M/s5M%od,=4Dc6"F⒛$JPra0`AiAa%u"ȵ][)J\KKcct }G\rwO) t&WjM|p K&!_h #>Dpdy4HWjPTsTsTs4yTIENDB`hamexam.svg0000664000175000017500000000631514165653717011415 0ustar jtnjtn image/svg+xml EXAM HAM T G E share/0000775000175000017500000000000014411136220010324 5ustar jtnjtnshare/Tpngs/0000775000175000017500000000000014172347375011442 5ustar jtnjtnshare/Tpngs/T3.png0000664000175000017500000010734314172347375012446 0ustar jtnjtnPNG  IHDRʉAiCCPicc(c``$PPTR~  |@TTd` 24 Hbd K 1@HR6]bg9- L<% E% )I % yEE%)@P;@%D=13O@DwpCҢ2 HA!!aQ7.+111M`,ɼ %K-V=V{llؾP™yˑk &)B/!*xE(Up^p/bčįHTHIʗ>!S&.{KOEVB%=kU TMTTTu@{N+# kbmMMM_]0irUuMmo_~@}ĠB. g'A[nRXrCʚԛYs/Wl*|W]UM~eIծZj϶ʵ*>ݫwͤٓNvxY$==|E"[|[ʐU׸ݷröM&l5ٶ}]C??sg:?W>ͭw)?0ؓ2_<: >~~uNi? 4ōbKGD̿ pHYs.#.#x?vtIME 4}8 zTXtRaw profile type 8bimXI:E\E-AlA.mu@[t6Kz/m Mn˗M6Vz\ ³]~*܄xrm9f}ÏG KBH^}=g(p}jrK%M,xC? ? 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A. SSB signals are easier to tune in correctly B. SSB signals are less susceptible to interference C. SSB signals have narrower bandwidth D. All these choices are correct share/T/T7C040000664000175000017500000000023014411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT7C04 (C) What reading on an SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line? A. 50:50 B. Zero C. 1:1 D. Full Scale share/T/T7B020000664000175000017500000000055214411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT7B02 (A) What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur radio transmission unintentionally? A. The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM band B. The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too high C. The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloaded D. The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low share/T/T3B010000664000175000017500000000034614411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT3B01 (D) What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave? A. They travel at different speeds B. They are in parallel C. They revolve in opposite directions D. They are at right angles share/T/T1B110000664000175000017500000000025614411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT1B11 (A) [97.313] What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments? A. 200 watts B. 100 watts C. 50 watts D. 10 watts share/T/T5A120000664000175000017500000000023614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5A12 (D) What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle? A. Pulse rate B. Speed C. Wavelength D. Frequency share/T/T7A070000664000175000017500000000037014411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT7A07 (B) What is the function of a transceiver's PTT input? A. Input for a key used to send CW B. Switches transceiver from receive to transmit when grounded C. Provides a transmit tuning tone when grounded D. Input for a preamplifier tuning tone share/T/T0B100000664000175000017500000000041614411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT0B10 (C) Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection? A. Use only non-insulated wire B. Wires must be carefully routed with precise right-angle bends C. Sharp bends must be avoided D. Common grounds must be avoided share/T/T1A030000664000175000017500000000047314411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1A03 (B) [97.119(b)(2)] What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service? A. It is required when transmitting emergency messages B. It is encouraged C. It is required when in contact with foreign stations D. All these choices are correct share/T/T0A020000664000175000017500000000041014411144055011200 0ustar jtnjtnT0A02 (D) What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body? A. It may cause injury by heating tissue B. It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells C. It may cause involuntary muscle contractions D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8A080000664000175000017500000000020214411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT8A08 (B) What is the approximate bandwidth of a typical single sideband (SSB) voice signal? A. 1 kHz B. 3 kHz C. 6 kHz D. 15 kHz share/T/T1F100000664000175000017500000000045314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT1F10 (A) [97.205(g)] Who is accountable if a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate the FCC rules? A. The control operator of the originating station B. The control operator of the repeater C. The owner of the repeater D. Both the originating station and the repeater owner share/T/T1C010000664000175000017500000000044414411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT1C01 (D) [97.9(a), 97.17(a)] For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC? A. Novice, Technician, General, Amateur Extra B. Technician, Technician Plus, General, Amateur Extra C. Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced D. Technician, General, Amateur Extra share/T/T1F050000664000175000017500000000050214411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1F05 (B) [97.119(b)(2)] What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals? A. Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT B. Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission C. Send the call sign followed by the indicator R D. Send the call sign using only a phone emission share/T/T8D060000664000175000017500000000021314411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT8D06 (B) What does the abbreviation "PSK" mean? A. Pulse Shift Keying B. Phase Shift Keying C. Packet Short Keying D. Phased Slide Keying share/T/T4B090000664000175000017500000000041714411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT4B09 (C) How is a specific group of stations selected on a digital voice transceiver? A. By retrieving the frequencies from transceiver memory B. By enabling the group's CTCSS tone C. By entering the group's identification code D. By activating automatic identification share/T/T5C020000664000175000017500000000013414411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT5C02 (A) What is the unit of capacitance? A. The farad B. The ohm C. The volt D. The henry share/T/T4A110000664000175000017500000000036714411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT4A11 (A) Where should the negative power return of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle? A. At the 12 volt battery chassis ground B. At the antenna mount C. To any metal part of the vehicle D. Through the transceiver's mounting bracket share/T/T1B080000664000175000017500000000065414411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT1B08 (A) [97.303] How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary? A. U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those segments, and must avoid interfering with them B. U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those segments C. International communications are not permitted in those segments D. Digital transmissions are not permitted in those segments share/T/T7D090000664000175000017500000000026214411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT7D09 (C) What is the characteristic appearance of a cold tin-lead solder joint? A. Dark black spots B. A bright or shiny surface C. A rough or lumpy surface D. Excessive solder share/T/T5D070000664000175000017500000000025414411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT5D07 (D) What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? A. 9600 amperes B. 200 amperes C. 0.667 amperes D. 1.5 amperes share/T/T6A030000664000175000017500000000020314411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT6A03 (B) What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer? A. Inductance B. Resistance C. Capacitance D. Field strength share/T/T2C110000664000175000017500000000050114411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT2C11 (A) What is meant by "check" in a radiogram header? A. The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message B. The call sign of the originating station C. A list of stations that have relayed the message D. A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed share/T/T1B010000664000175000017500000000035214411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT1B01 (C) [97.301 (e)] Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees? A. 28.050 MHz to 28.150 MHz B. 28.100 MHz to 28.300 MHz C. 28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz D. 28.500 MHz to 28.600 MHz share/T/T1E030000664000175000017500000000024014411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT1E03 (A) [97.103(b)] Who must designate the station control operator? A. The station licensee B. The FCC C. The frequency coordinator D. Any licensed operator share/T/T6A040000664000175000017500000000016614411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT6A04 (B) What electrical component stores energy in an electric field? A. Varistor B. Capacitor C. Inductor D. Diode share/T/T8B090000664000175000017500000000040514411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT8B09 (B) What causes spin fading of satellite signals? A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun B. Rotation of the satellite and its antennas C. Doppler shift of the received signal D. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band share/T/T8D030000664000175000017500000000021714411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8D03 (D) What kind of data can be transmitted by APRS? A. GPS position data B. Text messages C. Weather data D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6D010000664000175000017500000000026014411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT6D01 (B) Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal? A. Transformer B. Rectifier C. Amplifier D. Reflector share/T/T1E050000664000175000017500000000044514411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT1E05 (C) [97.3(a)(14)] What is an amateur station's control point? A. The location of the station's transmitting antenna B. The location of the station's transmitting apparatus C. The location at which the control operator function is performed D. The mailing address of the station licensee share/T/T9A050000664000175000017500000000035414411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT9A05 (C) Which of the following increases the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna? A. Lengthening it B. Inserting coils in series with radiating wires C. Shortening it D. Adding capacitive loading to the ends of the radiating wires share/T/T0A040000664000175000017500000000035414411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0A04 (B) What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit? A. To prevent power supply ripple from damaging a component B. To remove power in case of overload C. To limit current to prevent shocks D. All these choices are correct share/T/T4A030000664000175000017500000000036614411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT4A03 (A) Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver's DC power connection? A. To minimize voltage drop when transmitting B. To provide a good counterpoise for the antenna C. To avoid RF interference D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6A050000664000175000017500000000023714411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT6A05 (D) What type of electrical component consists of conductive surfaces separated by an insulator? A. Resistor B. Potentiometer C. Oscillator D. Capacitor share/T/T0C030000664000175000017500000000042114411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT0C03 (C) How does the allowable power density for RF safety change if duty cycle changes from 100 percent to 50 percent? A. It increases by a factor of 3 B. It decreases by 50 percent C. It increases by a factor of 2 D. There is no adjustment allowed for lower duty cycle share/T/T8D110000664000175000017500000000060214411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT8D11 (C) What is an ARQ transmission system? A. A special transmission format limited to video signals B. A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite C. An error correction method in which the receiving station detects errors and sends a request for retransmission D. A method of compressing data using autonomous reiterative Q codes prior to final encoding share/T/T9B120000664000175000017500000000040714411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT9B12 (A) What is standing wave ratio (SWR)? A. A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission line B. The ratio of amplifier power output to input C. The transmitter efficiency ratio D. An indication of the quality of your station's ground connection share/T/T1D050000664000175000017500000000062514411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT1D05 (D) [97.113(a)(3)(ii)] When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade? A. Never B. When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee, or the control operator, or their close relatives C. When no profit is made on the sale D. When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis share/T/T6A060000664000175000017500000000017514411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT6A06 (C) What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field? A. Varistor B. Capacitor C. Inductor D. Diode share/T/T8A040000664000175000017500000000016514411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8A04 (D) Which type of modulation is commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters? A. AM B. SSB C. PSK D. FM or PM share/T/T3C110000664000175000017500000000045514411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT3C11 (C) Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon? A. Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light B. Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles C. The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly D. Radio waves are blocked by dust particles share/T/T1E010000664000175000017500000000046114411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT1E01 (D) [97.7(a)] When may an amateur station transmit without a control operator? A. When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater B. When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station C. When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station D. Never share/T/T4B070000664000175000017500000000032514411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT4B07 (B) What does a DMR "code plug" contain? A. Your call sign in CW for automatic identification B. Access information for repeaters and talkgroups C. The codec for digitizing audio D. The DMR software version share/T/T6D020000664000175000017500000000022114411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT6D02 (A) What is a relay? A. An electrically-controlled switch B. A current controlled amplifier C. An inverting amplifier D. A pass transistor share/T/T7C060000664000175000017500000000020414411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT7C06 (D) What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate? A. Loss of -4 dB B. Good impedance match C. Gain of +4 dB D. Impedance mismatch share/T/T5C030000664000175000017500000000020314411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT5C03 (D) What describes the ability to store energy in a magnetic field? A. Admittance B. Capacitance C. Resistance D. Inductance share/T/T1E100000664000175000017500000000040714411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT1E10 (B) [97.3(a)(39)] Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97? A. Repeater operation B. Operating the station over the internet C. Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6B070000664000175000017500000000025314411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT6B07 (A) What causes a light-emitting diode (LED) to emit light? A. Forward current B. Reverse current C. Capacitively-coupled RF signal D. Inductively-coupled RF signal share/T/T5D090000664000175000017500000000022214411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT5D09 (C) What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? A. 24,000 amperes B. 0.1 amperes C. 10 amperes D. 216 amperes share/T/T5B120000664000175000017500000000013614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5B12 (D) Which is equal to 28400 kHz? A. 28.400 kHz B. 2.800 MHz C. 284.00 MHz D. 28.400 MHz share/T/T9A100000664000175000017500000000033014411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT9A10 (D) In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal? A. Equally in all directions B. Off the ends of the antenna C. In the direction of the feed line D. Broadside to the antenna share/T/T7D030000664000175000017500000000022514411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT7D03 (A) When configured to measure current, how is a multimeter connected to a component? A. In series B. In parallel C. In quadrature D. In phase share/T/T6B120000664000175000017500000000027314411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT6B12 (B) What are the names of the electrodes of a bipolar junction transistor? A. Signal, bias, power B. Emitter, base, collector C. Input, output, supply D. Pole one, pole two, output share/T/T0C090000664000175000017500000000051014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT0C09 (B) How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations? A. By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station B. By re-evaluating the station whenever an item in the transmitter or antenna system is changed C. By making sure your antennas have low SWR D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8B060000664000175000017500000000033314411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8B06 (B) Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program? A. The satellite transmitted power B. The Keplerian elements C. The last observed time of zero Doppler shift D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6B080000664000175000017500000000025214411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT6B08 (D) What does the abbreviation FET stand for? A. Frequency Emission Transmitter B. Fast Electron Transistor C. Free Electron Transmitter D. Field Effect Transistor share/T/T5B080000664000175000017500000000021014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT5B08 (B) Which is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads? A. 0.001 microfarads B. 1 microfarad C. 1000 microfarads D. 1,000,000,000 microfarads share/T/T8D070000664000175000017500000000070614411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT8D07 (A) Which of the following describes DMR? A. A technique for time-multiplexing two digital voice signals on a single 12.5 kHz repeater channel B. An automatic position tracking mode for FM mobiles communicating through repeaters C. An automatic computer logging technique for hands-off logging when communicating while operating a vehicle D. A digital technique for transmitting on two repeater inputs simultaneously for automatic error correction share/T/T7D060000664000175000017500000000042414411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT7D06 (C) Which of the following can damage a multimeter? A. Attempting to measure resistance using the voltage setting B. Failing to connect one of the probes to ground C. Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting D. Not allowing it to warm up properly share/T/T5B020000664000175000017500000000013214411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT5B02 (A) Which is equal to 1,500,000 hertz? A. 1500 kHz B. 1500 MHz C. 15 GHz D. 150 kHz share/T/T3A110000664000175000017500000000024014411144055011204 0ustar jtnjtnT3A11 (C) Which region of the atmosphere can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves? A. The stratosphere B. The troposphere C. The ionosphere D. The mesosphere share/T/T7D070000664000175000017500000000027614411144055011231 0ustar jtnjtnT7D07 (C) Which of the following measurements are made using a multimeter? A. Signal strength and noise B. Impedance and reactance C. Voltage and resistance D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1D080000664000175000017500000000075714411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1D08 (B) [97.113(a)(3)(iii)] In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station? A. When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer B. When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution C. When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2A050000664000175000017500000000046614411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT2A05 (C) How should you respond to a station calling CQ? A. Transmit "CQ" followed by the other station's call sign B. Transmit your call sign followed by the other station's call sign C. Transmit the other station's call sign followed by your call sign D. Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign share/T/T4A100000664000175000017500000000045314411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT4A10 (A) What function is performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hot spot? A. Communication using digital voice or data systems via the internet B. FT8 digital communications via AFSK C. RTTY encoding and decoding without a computer D. High-speed digital communications for meteor scatter share/T/T4B010000664000175000017500000000027214411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT4B01 (B) What is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions? A. Frequency instability B. Distorted transmitted audio C. Increased SWR D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1B050000664000175000017500000000033214411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT1B05 (D) [97.305(c)] How may amateurs use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of 1.25 meter band? A. Spread spectrum only B. Fast-scan television only C. Emergency traffic only D. Fixed digital message forwarding systems only share/T/T8B040000664000175000017500000000021314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT8B04 (D) What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites? A. SSB B. FM C. CW/data D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5D080000664000175000017500000000022214411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT5D08 (C) What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? A. 20,000 amperes B. 0.5 amperes C. 2 amperes D. 100 amperes share/T/T2B040000664000175000017500000000037614411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT2B04 (D) Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear? A. Improper transceiver offset B. You are using the wrong CTCSS tone C. You are using the wrong DCS code D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1E040000664000175000017500000000052214411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1E04 (D) [97.103(b)] What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station? A. The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator B. The frequencies printed on the license grant C. The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises D. The class of operator license held by the control operator share/T/T5D040000664000175000017500000000023414411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT5D04 (B) What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows when connected to 90 volts? A. 3 ohms B. 30 ohms C. 93 ohms D. 270 ohms share/T/T7B090000664000175000017500000000053314411144055011225 0ustar jtnjtnT7B09 (D) What should be the first step to resolve non-fiber optic cable TV interference caused by your amateur radio transmission? A. Add a low-pass filter to the TV antenna input B. Add a high-pass filter to the TV antenna input C. Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input D. Be sure all TV feed line coaxial connectors are installed properly share/T/T4B080000664000175000017500000000064714411144055011227 0ustar jtnjtnT4B08 (B) What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver? A. Permits monitoring several modes at once by selecting a separate filter for each mode B. Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode C. Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory D. Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies share/T/T4B100000664000175000017500000000024214411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT4B10 (C) Which of the following receiver filter bandwidths provides the best signal-to-noise ratio for SSB reception? A. 500 Hz B. 1000 Hz C. 2400 Hz D. 5000 Hz share/T/T8B050000664000175000017500000000040114411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT8B05 (D) What is a satellite beacon? A. The primary transmit antenna on the satellite B. An indicator light that shows where to point your antenna C. A reflective surface on the satellite D. A transmission from a satellite that contains status information share/T/T5D130000664000175000017500000000017614411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT5D13 (A) In which type of circuit is DC current the same through all components? A. Series B. Parallel C. Resonant D. Branch share/T/T0B070000664000175000017500000000053314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT0B07 (C) Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower? A. This type of tower must never be painted B. This type of tower must never be grounded C. This type of tower must not be climbed unless it is retracted, or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8C090000664000175000017500000000027614411144055011233 0ustar jtnjtnT8C09 (D) Which of the following protocols enables an amateur station to transmit through a repeater without using a radio to initiate the transmission? A. IRLP B. D-STAR C. DMR D. EchoLink share/T/T9A110000664000175000017500000000055714411144055011225 0ustar jtnjtnT9A11 (C) What is antenna gain? A. The additional power that is added to the transmitter power B. The additional power that is required in the antenna when transmitting on a higher frequency C. The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna D. The increase in impedance on receive or transmit compared to a reference antenna share/T/T6B050000664000175000017500000000020114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT6B05 (B) What type of transistor has a gate, drain, and source? A. Varistor B. Field-effect C. Tesla-effect D. Bipolar junction share/T/T9A070000664000175000017500000000052114411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT9A07 (A) What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver with a flexible antenna inside a vehicle? A. Signal strength is reduced due to the shielding effect of the vehicle B. The bandwidth of the antenna will decrease, increasing SWR C. The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5A070000664000175000017500000000031114411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT5A07 (B) Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity? A. They have relatively high density B. They have many free electrons C. They have many free protons D. All these choices are correct share/T/T0A050000664000175000017500000000043314411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT0A05 (C) Why should a 5-ampere fuse never be replaced with a 20-ampere fuse? A. The larger fuse would be likely to blow because it is rated for higher current B. The power supply ripple would greatly increase C. Excessive current could cause a fire D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1E060000664000175000017500000000060414411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT1E06 (A) [97.301] When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment? A. At no time B. When designated as the control operator by an Amateur Extra Class licensee C. As part of a multi-operator contest team D. When using a club station whose trustee holds an Amateur Extra Class license share/T/T0B030000664000175000017500000000041014411144055011202 0ustar jtnjtnT0B03 (D) Under what circumstances is it safe to climb a tower without a helper or observer? A. When no electrical work is being performed B. When no mechanical work is being performed C. When the work being done is not more than 20 feet above the ground D. Never share/T/T3B100000664000175000017500000000017314411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT3B10 (C) What frequency range is referred to as HF? A. 300 to 3000 MHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 3 to 30 MHz D. 300 to 3000 kHz share/T/T6B060000664000175000017500000000025614411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT6B06 (B) How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package? A. With the word "cathode" B. With a stripe C. With the letter C D. With the letter K share/T/T2C070000664000175000017500000000057714411144055011227 0ustar jtnjtnT2C07 (C) Which of the following is standard practice when you participate in a net? A. When first responding to the net control station, transmit your call sign, name, and address as in the FCC database B. Record the time of each of your transmissions C. Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8A100000664000175000017500000000021714411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT8A10 (B) What is the approximate bandwidth of AM fast-scan TV transmissions? A. More than 10 MHz B. About 6 MHz C. About 3 MHz D. About 1 MHz share/T/T2C010000664000175000017500000000035414411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT2C01 (D) [97.103(a)] When do FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station? A. When operating a RACES station B. When operating under special FEMA rules C. When operating under special ARES rules D. FCC rules always apply share/T/T2C030000664000175000017500000000043214411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT2C03 (C) What technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly? A. Send the words by voice and Morse code B. Speak very loudly into the microphone C. Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet D. All these choices are correct share/T/T7B010000664000175000017500000000036214411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT7B01 (D) What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over-deviating? A. Talk louder into the microphone B. Let the transceiver cool off C. Change to a higher power level D. Talk farther away from the microphone share/T/T2B030000664000175000017500000000051414411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT2B03 (A) Which of the following describes a linked repeater network? A. A network of repeaters in which signals received by one repeater are transmitted by all the repeaters in the network B. A single repeater with more than one receiver C. Multiple repeaters with the same control operator D. A system of repeaters linked by APRS share/T/T2A080000664000175000017500000000030314411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT2A08 (D) What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"? A. Call on the quarter hour B. Test transmission, no reply expected C. Only the called station should transmit D. Calling any station share/T/T5C060000664000175000017500000000037614411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT5C06 (A) What does the abbreviation "RF" mean? A. Radio frequency signals of all types B. The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit C. The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency D. Reflective force in antenna transmission lines share/T/T1C110000664000175000017500000000046214411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT1C11 (D) [97.21(b)] If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands? A. Yes, for up to two years B. Yes, as soon as you apply for renewal C. Yes, for up to one year D. No, you must wait until the license has been renewed share/T/T1A040000664000175000017500000000041614411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT1A04 (A) [97.5(b)(1)] How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person? A. One B. No more than two C. One for each band on which the person plans to operate D. One for each permanent station location from which the person plans to operate share/T/T4A090000664000175000017500000000071614411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT4A09 (B) How can you determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery? A. Divide the watt-hour rating of the battery by the peak power consumption of the equipment B. Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment C. Multiply the watts per hour consumed by the equipment by the battery power rating D. Multiply the square of the current rating of the battery by the input resistance of the equipment share/T/T2B050000664000175000017500000000032614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT2B05 (C) What would cause your FM transmission audio to be distorted on voice peaks? A. Your repeater offset is inverted B. You need to talk louder C. You are talking too loudly D. Your transmit power is too high share/T/T1C090000664000175000017500000000022314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT1C09 (A) [97.21(a)(b)] What is the grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires? A. Two years B. Three years C. Five years D. Ten years share/T/T3B090000664000175000017500000000017614411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT3B09 (D) What frequency range is referred to as UHF? A. 30 to 300 kHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 300 to 3000 kHz D. 300 to 3000 MHz share/T/T0C010000664000175000017500000000021214411144055011201 0ustar jtnjtnT0C01 (D) What type of radiation are radio signals? A. Gamma radiation B. Ionizing radiation C. Alpha radiation D. Non-ionizing radiation share/T/T1D110000664000175000017500000000047114411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1D11 (D) [97.119(a)] When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air? A. When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments B. When the transmissions are unmodulated C. When the transmitted power level is below 1 watt D. When transmitting signals to control model craft share/T/T1C030000664000175000017500000000076114411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT1C03 (A) [97.117] What types of international communications are an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make? A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character B. Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature C. Only communications incidental to contest exchanges; all other communications are prohibited D. Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station share/T/T8D020000664000175000017500000000053514411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT8D02 (B) What is a "talkgroup" on a DMR repeater? A. A group of operators sharing common interests B. A way for groups of users to share a channel at different times without hearing other users on the channel C. A protocol that increases the signal-to-noise ratio when multiple repeaters are linked together D. A net that meets at a specified time share/T/T3B110000664000175000017500000000030014411144055011202 0ustar jtnjtnT3B11 (B) What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space? A. 150,000 meters per second B. 300,000,000 meters per second C. 300,000,000 miles per hour D. 150,000 miles per hour share/T/T5B100000664000175000017500000000020514411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT5B10 (C) Which decibel value most closely represents a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts? A. -1 dB B. -3 dB C. -6 dB D. -9 dB share/T/T6B010000664000175000017500000000040414411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT6B01 (A) Which is true about forward voltage drop in a diode? A. It is lower in some diode types than in others B. It is proportional to peak inverse voltage C. It indicates that the diode is defective D. It has no impact on the voltage delivered to the load share/T/T3B080000664000175000017500000000021614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT3B08 (B) What frequency range is referred to as VHF? A. 30 kHz to 300 kHz B. 30 MHz to 300 MHz C. 300 kHz to 3000 kHz D. 300 MHz to 3000 MHz share/T/T3B060000664000175000017500000000055314411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT3B06 (D) What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters? A. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300 B. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300 C. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300 D. Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz share/T/T6C030000664000175000017500000000014614411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT6C03 (B) What is component 2 in figure T-1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Indicator lamp D. Connector share/T/T3A010000664000175000017500000000050614411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT3A01 (C) Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet? A. The signal path encounters different concentrations of water vapor B. VHF ionospheric propagation is very sensitive to path length C. Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals D. All these choices are correct share/T/T0B110000664000175000017500000000033014411144055011202 0ustar jtnjtnT0B11 (B) Which of the following establishes grounding requirements for an amateur radio tower or antenna? A. FCC Part 97 rules B. Local electrical codes C. FAA tower lighting regulations D. UL recommended practices share/T/T2B090000664000175000017500000000045014411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT2B09 (A) Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans? A. So stations within range of each other can communicate without tying up a repeater B. For contest operation C. For working DX only D. So stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset share/T/T7D020000664000175000017500000000021314411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT7D02 (B) How is a voltmeter connected to a component to measure applied voltage? A. In series B. In parallel C. In quadrature D. In phase share/T/T8D010000664000175000017500000000021214411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT8D01 (D) Which of the following is a digital communications mode? A. Packet radio B. IEEE 802.11 C. FT8 D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1B030000664000175000017500000000017414411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT1B03 (B) [97.301(a)] Which frequency is in the 6 meter amateur band? A. 49.00 MHz B. 52.525 MHz C. 28.50 MHz D. 222.15 MHz share/T/T1B120000664000175000017500000000033714411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1B12 (D) [97.313(b)] Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz? A. 50 watts B. 100 watts C. 500 watts D. 1500 watts share/T/T4B110000664000175000017500000000032014411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT4B11 (A) Which of the following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting? A. Your call sign B. Your output power C. The codec type being used D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8D130000664000175000017500000000040014411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT8D13 (B) What is FT8? A. A wideband FM voice mode B. A digital mode capable of low signal-to-noise operation C. An eight channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters D. A digital slow-scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation share/T/T9A120000664000175000017500000000045014411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT9A12 (A) What is an advantage of a 5/8 wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service? A. It has more gain than a 1/4-wavelength antenna B. It radiates at a very high angle C. It eliminates distortion caused by reflected signals D. It has 10 times the power gain of a 1/4 wavelength whip share/T/T9A040000664000175000017500000000045114411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT9A04 (A) What is a disadvantage of the short, flexible antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers, compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna? A. It has low efficiency B. It transmits only circularly polarized signals C. It is mechanically fragile D. All these choices are correct share/T/T9B050000664000175000017500000000032314411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT9B05 (D) What happens as the frequency of a signal in coaxial cable is increased? A. The characteristic impedance decreases B. The loss decreases C. The characteristic impedance increases D. The loss increases share/T/T5B090000664000175000017500000000020214411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5B09 (B) Which decibel value most closely represents a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts? A. 2 dB B. 3 dB C. 5 dB D. 10 dB share/T/T8B020000664000175000017500000000044314411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT8B02 (B) What is the impact of using excessive effective radiated power on a satellite uplink? A. Possibility of commanding the satellite to an improper mode B. Blocking access by other users C. Overloading the satellite batteries D. Possibility of rebooting the satellite control computer share/T/T6A100000664000175000017500000000023314411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT6A10 (D) Which of the following battery chemistries is rechargeable? A. Nickel-metal hydride B. Lithium-ion C. Lead-acid D. All these choices are correct share/T/T3A070000664000175000017500000000024114411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT3A07 (C) What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies? A. High winds B. Low barometric pressure C. Precipitation D. Colder temperatures share/T/T7C030000664000175000017500000000036214411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT7C03 (B) What does a dummy load consist of? A. A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch B. A non-inductive resistor mounted on a heat sink C. A low-voltage power supply and a DC relay D. A 50-ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line share/T/T0C050000664000175000017500000000050014411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT0C05 (D) Why do exposure limits vary with frequency? A. Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields B. Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body C. Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature D. The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others share/T/T6D100000664000175000017500000000032614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6D10 (C) What is the function of component 2 in figure T-1? A. Give off light when current flows through it B. Supply electrical energy C. Control the flow of current D. Convert electrical energy into radio waves share/T/T9B100000664000175000017500000000042014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT9B10 (C) What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-213 coaxial cable? A. There is no significant difference between the two types B. RG-58 cable has two shields C. RG-213 cable has less loss at a given frequency D. RG-58 cable can handle higher power levels share/T/T1D100000664000175000017500000000046714411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT1D10 (D) [97.3(a)(10)] How does the FCC define broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service? A. Two-way transmissions by amateur stations B. Any transmission made by the licensed station C. Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public share/T/T2A020000664000175000017500000000023414411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT2A02 (A) What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band? A. 146.520 MHz B. 145.000 MHz C. 432.100 MHz D. 446.000 MHz share/T/T1A060000664000175000017500000000067214411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT1A06 (D) [97.3(a)(9)] What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon? A. A government transmitter marking the amateur radio band edges B. A bulletin sent by the FCC to announce a national emergency C. A continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather Service D. An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities share/T/T5D050000664000175000017500000000025514411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT5D05 (C) What is the resistance of a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes? A. 18 ohms B. 0.125 ohms C. 8 ohms D. 13.5 ohms share/T/T5A110000664000175000017500000000022614411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT5A11 (D) What type of current flow is opposed by resistance? A. Direct current B. Alternating current C. RF current D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1C100000664000175000017500000000071614411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1C10 (C) [97.5a] How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands? A. Immediately on receiving your Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) B. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears on the ARRL website C. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC's license database D. As soon as you receive your license in the mail from the FCC share/T/T4B060000664000175000017500000000036514411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT4B06 (D) Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low? A. The AGC or limiter B. The bandwidth selection C. The tone squelch D. The RIT or Clarifier share/T/T2A060000664000175000017500000000040114411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT2A06 (A) Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions? A. Identify the transmitting station B. Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time C. Notify the FCC of the transmissions D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2B110000664000175000017500000000014014411144055011203 0ustar jtnjtnT2B11 (B) Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency? A. QRU B. QSY C. QSL D. QRZ share/T/T0A030000664000175000017500000000026614411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT0A03 (B) In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V cable? A. Neutral B. Hot C. Equipment ground D. Black insulation is never used share/T/T6B090000664000175000017500000000021014411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT6B09 (C) What are the names for the electrodes of a diode? A. Plus and minus B. Source and drain C. Anode and cathode D. Gate and base share/T/T9B040000664000175000017500000000055114411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT9B04 (A) What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)? A. It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver's output impedance B. It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations C. It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive D. It automatically selects the proper antenna for the frequency band being used share/T/T0C020000664000175000017500000000022514411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT0C02 (B) At which of the following frequencies does maximum permissible exposure have the lowest value? A. 3.5 MHz B. 50 MHz C. 440 MHz D. 1296 MHz share/T/T9B070000664000175000017500000000034714411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT9B07 (C) Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors? A. They are preferred for microwave operation B. They are watertight C. They are commonly used at HF and VHF frequencies D. They are a bayonet-type connector share/T/T0A100000664000175000017500000000027414411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT0A10 (A) What hazard is caused by charging or discharging a battery too quickly? A. Overheating or out-gassing B. Excess output ripple C. Half-wave rectification D. Inverse memory effect share/T/T2A090000664000175000017500000000047714411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT2A09 (B) Which of the following indicates that a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact? A. "CQ CQ" followed by the repeater's call sign B. The station's call sign followed by the word "monitoring" C. The repeater call sign followed by the station's call sign D. "QSY" followed by your call sign share/T/T8B110000664000175000017500000000046614411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT8B11 (A) Who may receive telemetry from a space station? A. Anyone B. A licensed radio amateur with a transmitter equipped for interrogating the satellite C. A licensed radio amateur who has been certified by the protocol developer D. A licensed radio amateur who has registered for an access code from AMSAT share/T/T6C020000664000175000017500000000013714411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6C02 (A) What is component 1 in figure T-1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Battery D. Connector share/T/T6A010000664000175000017500000000020414411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT6A01 (B) What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit? A. Inductor B. Resistor C. Inverter D. Transformer share/T/T2B020000664000175000017500000000027314411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT2B02 (D) What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver? A. Carrier squelch B. Tone burst C. DTMF D. CTCSS share/T/T1F070000664000175000017500000000065714411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1F07 (B) [97.115(a)(2)] Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a licensed amateur operator? A. The person must be a U.S. citizen B. The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third party agreement C. The licensed control operator must do the station identification D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2C020000664000175000017500000000053714411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT2C02 (C) Which of the following are typical duties of a Net Control Station? A. Choose the regular net meeting time and frequency B. Ensure that all stations checking into the net are properly licensed for operation on the net frequency C. Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8B080000664000175000017500000000056414411144055011231 0ustar jtnjtnT8B08 (B) What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in U/V mode? A. The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band B. The satellite uplink is in the 70 centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band C. The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies D. The satellite frequencies are usually variable share/T/T7A020000664000175000017500000000043414411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT7A02 (A) What is a transceiver? A. A device that combines a receiver and transmitter B. A device for matching feed line impedance to 50 ohms C. A device for automatically sending and decoding Morse code D. A device for converting receiver and transmitter frequencies to another band share/T/T3C070000664000175000017500000000020514411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT3C07 (B) What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter? A. 33 centimeters B. 6 meters C. 2 meters D. 70 centimeters share/T/T5C040000664000175000017500000000013614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT5C04 (C) What is the unit of inductance? A. The coulomb B. The farad C. The henry D. The ohm share/T/T8A120000664000175000017500000000034214411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT8A12 (B) Which of the following is a disadvantage of FM compared with single sideband? A. Voice quality is poorer B. Only one signal can be received at a time C. FM signals are harder to tune D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5D100000664000175000017500000000022614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5D10 (A) What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it? A. 1 volt B. 0.25 volts C. 2.5 volts D. 1.5 volts share/T/T0C100000664000175000017500000000047114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT0C10 (A) Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels? A. It affects the average exposure to radiation B. It affects the peak exposure to radiation C. It takes into account the antenna feed line loss D. It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier share/T/T5A080000664000175000017500000000015314411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT5A08 (B) Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? A. Copper B. Glass C. Aluminum D. Mercury share/T/T8A060000664000175000017500000000027014411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT8A06 (A) Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband D. Inverted sideband share/T/T7C050000664000175000017500000000047214411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT7C05 (A) Why do most solid-state transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases beyond a certain level? A. To protect the output amplifier transistors B. To comply with FCC rules on spectral purity C. Because power supplies cannot supply enough current at high SWR D. To lower the SWR on the transmission line share/T/T8D120000664000175000017500000000057514411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT8D12 (A) Which of the following best describes an amateur radio mesh network? A. An amateur-radio based data network using commercial Wi-Fi equipment with modified firmware B. A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DMR protocols C. A satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware D. An internet linking protocol used to network repeaters share/T/T1C050000664000175000017500000000021214411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT1C05 (A) Which of the following is a valid Technician class call sign format? A. KF1XXX B. KA1X C. W1XX D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1B040000664000175000017500000000016514411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1B04 (D) [97.301(a)] Which amateur band includes 146.52 MHz? A. 6 meters B. 20 meters C. 70 centimeters D. 2 meters share/T/T5C130000664000175000017500000000011614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5C13 (D) What is the abbreviation for kilohertz? A. KHZ B. khz C. khZ D. kHz share/T/T1E020000664000175000017500000000060714411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT1E02 (D) [97.301, 97.207(c)] Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station? A. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator B. A General class or higher licensee with a satellite operator certification C. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member D. Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency share/T/T5B030000664000175000017500000000021214411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT5B03 (C) Which is equal to one kilovolt? A. One one-thousandth of a volt B. One hundred volts C. One thousand volts D. One million volts share/T/T4A080000664000175000017500000000026014411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT4A08 (D) Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF? A. Copper braid removed from coaxial cable B. Steel wire C. Twisted-pair cable D. Flat copper strap share/T/T4A010000664000175000017500000000035114411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT4A01 (D) Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver? A. 24.0 volts at 4 amperes B. 13.8 volts at 4 amperes C. 24.0 volts at 12 amperes D. 13.8 volts at 12 amperes share/T/T2C060000664000175000017500000000114314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT2C06 (A) What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)? A. A group of licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service B. A group of licensed amateurs who are members of the military and who voluntarily agreed to provide message handling services in the case of an emergency C. A training program that provides licensing courses for those interested in obtaining an amateur license to use during emergencies D. A training program that certifies amateur operators for membership in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service share/T/T6C110000664000175000017500000000013714411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6C11 (A) What is component 4 in figure T-3? A. Antenna B. Transmitter C. Dummy load D. Ground share/T/T4A020000664000175000017500000000047314411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT4A02 (A) Which of the following should be considered when selecting an accessory SWR meter? A. The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made B. The distance that the meter will be located from the antenna C. The types of modulation being used at the station D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5A060000664000175000017500000000011514411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT5A06 (A) What is the unit of frequency? A. Hertz B. Henry C. Farad D. Tesla share/T/T1D020000664000175000017500000000040214411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT1D02 (B) [97.113(b), 97.111(b)] Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited? A. In all circumstances B. Broadcasting C. International Morse Code Practice D. Telecommand or transmissions of telemetry share/T/T2A100000664000175000017500000000045214411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT2A10 (A) What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC? A. A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band B. A list of operating schedules C. A list of available net frequencies D. A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage share/T/T9A080000664000175000017500000000020414411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT9A08 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz? A. 112 B. 50 C. 19 D. 12 share/T/T6D090000664000175000017500000000027214411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT6D09 (C) What is the name of a device that combines several semiconductors and other components into one package? A. Transducer B. Multi-pole relay C. Integrated circuit D. Transformer share/T/T2A010000664000175000017500000000025214411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT2A01 (B) What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? A. Plus or minus 5 MHz B. Plus or minus 600 kHz C. Plus or minus 500 kHz D. Plus or minus 1 MHz share/T/T1C040000664000175000017500000000045514411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT1C04 (B) [97.23] What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email? A. Fine and suspension of operator license B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license C. Revocation of access to the license record in the FCC system D. Nothing; there is no such requirement share/T/T8C050000664000175000017500000000040614411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT8C05 (A) What is a grid locator? A. A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location B. A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation C. An instrument for neutralizing a final amplifier D. An instrument for radio direction finding share/T/T7B030000664000175000017500000000024514411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT7B03 (D) Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference? A. Fundamental overload B. Harmonics C. Spurious emissions D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2C040000664000175000017500000000053014411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT2C04 (D) What is RACES? A. An emergency organization combining amateur radio and citizens band operators and frequencies B. An international radio experimentation society C. A radio contest held in a short period, sometimes called a "sprint" D. An FCC part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies share/T/T1F080000664000175000017500000000075314411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT1F08 (A) [97.3(a)(47)] What is the definition of third party communications? A. A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person B. Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another C. Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator D. Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments share/T/T2B120000664000175000017500000000037114411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT2B12 (A) What is the purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems? A. Must match the repeater color code for access B. Defines the frequency pair to use C. Identifies the codec used D. Defines the minimum signal level required for access share/T/T3C020000664000175000017500000000047614411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT3C02 (C) What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies? A. HF antennas are generally smaller B. HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals C. Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF D. There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF share/T/T6D110000664000175000017500000000040514411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT6D11 (A) Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit? A. An inductor and a capacitor in series or parallel B. A linear voltage regulator C. A resistor circuit used for reducing standing wave ratio D. A circuit designed to provide high-fidelity audio share/T/T7A080000664000175000017500000000024014411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT7A08 (C) Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal? A. Impedance matching B. Oscillation C. Modulation D. Low-pass filtering share/T/T1B020000664000175000017500000000067714411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT1B02 (B) [97.301, 97.207(c)] Which amateurs may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands? A. Any amateur holding a General class or higher license B. Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license C. Any amateur holding a General class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA D. Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA share/T/T7B050000664000175000017500000000056614411144055011227 0ustar jtnjtnT7B05 (A) How can fundamental overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an amateur signal be reduced or eliminated? A. Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiver B. Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitter C. Switch the transmitter from FM to SSB D. Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode share/T/T1F020000664000175000017500000000051114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT1F02 (C) [97.119 (a)] How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as "Race Headquarters"? A. Never, the tactical call is sufficient B. Once during every hour C. At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication D. At the end of every transmission share/T/T1B100000664000175000017500000000041414411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT1B10 (C) [97.305(c)] Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz? A. Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees B. Only on repeaters C. In at least some segment of all these bands D. On any band if the power is limited to 25 watts share/T/T5A010000664000175000017500000000015714411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5A01 (D) Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? A. Volts B. Watts C. Ohms D. Amperes share/T/T6B030000664000175000017500000000020214411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT6B03 (C) Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch? A. Varistor B. Potentiometer C. Transistor D. Thermistor share/T/T6C070000664000175000017500000000015514411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT6C07 (D) What is component 8 in figure T-2? A. Resistor B. Inductor C. Regulator IC D. Light emitting diode share/T/T0B010000664000175000017500000000052214411144055011204 0ustar jtnjtnT0B01 (C) Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection? A. Put a drip loop in the ground connection to prevent water damage to the ground system B. Make sure all ground wire bends are right angles C. Ensure that connections are short and direct D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2C080000664000175000017500000000045214411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT2C08 (A) Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling? A. Passing messages exactly as received B. Making decisions as to whether messages are worthy of relay or delivery C. Ensuring that any newsworthy messages are relayed to the news media D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8A050000664000175000017500000000017514411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT8A05 (C) Which of the following types of signal has the narrowest bandwidth? A. FM voice B. SSB voice C. CW D. Slow-scan TV share/T/T5D120000664000175000017500000000022314411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT5D12 (D) What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it? A. 8 volts B. 0.2 volts C. 12 volts D. 20 volts share/T/T8A110000664000175000017500000000017014411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT8A11 (B) What is the approximate bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal? A. 2.4 kHz B. 150 Hz C. 1000 Hz D. 15 kHz share/T/T9A060000664000175000017500000000020014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT9A06 (D) Which of the following types of antenna offers the greatest gain? A. 5/8 wave vertical B. Isotropic C. J pole D. Yagi share/T/T7B080000664000175000017500000000060014411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT7B08 (D) What should you do if something in a neighbor's home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station? A. Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device B. Politely inform your neighbor that FCC rules prohibit the use of devices that cause interference C. Make sure your station meets the standards of good amateur practice D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5B110000664000175000017500000000017214411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT5B11 (A) Which decibel value represents a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts? A. 10 dB B. 12 dB C. 18 dB D. 28 dB share/T/T7C090000664000175000017500000000034214411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT7C09 (A) Which of the following causes failure of coaxial cables? A. Moisture contamination B. Solder flux contamination C. Rapid fluctuation in transmitter output power D. Operation at 100% duty cycle for an extended period share/T/T3A090000664000175000017500000000054614411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT3A09 (B) Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized? A. Digital modes are unusable B. Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception C. FM voice is unusable D. Both the transmitting and receiving antennas must be of the same polarization share/T/T2B010000664000175000017500000000032314411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT2B01 (C) How is a VHF/UHF transceiver's "reverse" function used? A. To reduce power output B. To increase power output C. To listen on a repeater's input frequency D. To listen on a repeater's output frequency share/T/T1E070000664000175000017500000000045614411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1E07 (D) [97.103(a)] When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station? A. All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation B. Only the station licensee C. Only the control operator D. The control operator and the station licensee share/T/T0A010000664000175000017500000000052014411144055011201 0ustar jtnjtnT0A01 (B) Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery? A. Touching both terminals with the hands can cause electrical shock B. Shorting the terminals can cause burns, fire, or an explosion C. RF emissions from a nearby transmitter can cause the electrolyte to emit poison gas D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5A040000664000175000017500000000013614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5A04 (C) What are the units of electrical resistance? A. Siemens B. Mhos C. Ohms D. Coulombs share/T/T8A090000664000175000017500000000024714411144055011227 0ustar jtnjtnT8A09 (C) What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM voice signal? A. Less than 500 Hz B. About 150 kHz C. Between 10 and 15 kHz D. Between 50 and 125 kHz share/T/T5C050000664000175000017500000000013514411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT5C05 (D) What is the unit of impedance? A. The volt B. The ampere C. The coulomb D. The ohm share/T/T9A030000664000175000017500000000033514411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT9A03 (B) Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to Earth's surface? A. A ground-wave antenna B. A horizontally polarized antenna C. A travelling-wave antenna D. A vertically polarized antenna share/T/T6B040000664000175000017500000000024114411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT6B04 (B) Which of the following components can consist of three regions of semiconductor material? A. Alternator B. Transistor C. Triode D. Pentagrid converter share/T/T5B070000664000175000017500000000014114411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5B07 (C) Which is equal to 3.525 MHz? A. 0.003525 kHz B. 35.25 kHz C. 3525 kHz D. 3,525,000 kHz share/T/T4B040000664000175000017500000000035514411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT4B04 (B) What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver? A. Enable the frequency offset B. Store it in a memory channel C. Enable the VOX D. Use the scan mode to select the desired frequency share/T/T4B030000664000175000017500000000043614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT4B03 (A) How is squelch adjusted so that a weak FM signal can be heard? A. Set the squelch threshold so that receiver output audio is on all the time B. Turn up the audio level until it overcomes the squelch threshold C. Turn on the anti-squelch function D. Enable squelch enhancement share/T/T1A100000664000175000017500000000070614411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT1A10 (D) [97.3(a)(38), 97.407] What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)? A. A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications B. A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications C. An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization D. All these choices are correct share/T/T4A050000664000175000017500000000041014411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT4A05 (A) Where should an RF power meter be installed? A. In the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna B. At the power supply output C. In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna D. In the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio share/T/T7C080000664000175000017500000000020014411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT7C08 (D) Which instrument can be used to determine SWR? A. Voltmeter B. Ohmmeter C. Iambic pentameter D. Directional wattmeter share/T/T0A070000664000175000017500000000037314411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT0A07 (D) Where should a lightning arrester be installed in a coaxial feed line? A. At the output connector of a transceiver B. At the antenna feed point C. At the ac power service panel D. On a grounded panel near where feed lines enter the building share/T/T7B070000664000175000017500000000042014411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT7B07 (D) Which of the following can reduce overload of a VHF transceiver by a nearby commercial FM station? A. Installing an RF preamplifier B. Using double-shielded coaxial cable C. Installing bypass capacitors on the microphone cable D. Installing a band-reject filter share/T/T0C040000664000175000017500000000036414411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT0C04 (D) What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna? A. Frequency and power level of the RF field B. Distance from the antenna to a person C. Radiation pattern of the antenna D. All these choices are correct share/T/T9B030000664000175000017500000000052114411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT9B03 (A) Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line for amateur radio antenna systems? A. It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations B. It has less loss than any other type of feed line C. It can handle more power than any other type of feed line D. It is less expensive than any other type of feed line share/T/T1D090000664000175000017500000000073114411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT1D09 (A) [97.113(5)(b)] When may amateur stations transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available? A. When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property B. When broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle C. Where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network D. Never share/T/T3A100000664000175000017500000000060714411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT3A10 (D) What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions? A. Transmission rates must be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed B. Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed C. No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM D. Error rates are likely to increase share/T/T8C060000664000175000017500000000034114411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8C06 (B) How is over the air access to IRLP nodes accomplished? A. By obtaining a password that is sent via voice to the node B. By using DTMF signals C. By entering the proper internet password D. By using CTCSS tone codes share/T/T8C110000664000175000017500000000023014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT8C11 (A) What is an amateur radio station that connects other amateur stations to the internet? A. A gateway B. A repeater C. A digipeater D. A beacon share/T/T6B110000664000175000017500000000023114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT6B11 (A) What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal? A. Gain B. Forward resistance C. Forward voltage drop D. On resistance share/T/T7D100000664000175000017500000000036614411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT7D10 (A) What reading indicates that an ohmmeter is connected across a large, discharged capacitor? A. Increasing resistance with time B. Decreasing resistance with time C. Steady full-scale reading D. Alternating between open and short circuit share/T/T4B120000664000175000017500000000032114411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT4B12 (D) What is the result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal's frequency? A. Change in audio pitch B. Sideband inversion C. Generation of a heterodyne tone D. Distortion of the signal's audio share/T/T5C110000664000175000017500000000022314411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT5C11 (B) How much current is required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage of 12 volts DC? A. 0.1 amperes B. 10 amperes C. 12 amperes D. 132 amperes share/T/T5C080000664000175000017500000000021314411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT5C08 (A) What is the formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit? A. P = I x E B. P = E / I C. P = E -- I D. P = I + E share/T/T1C080000664000175000017500000000020514411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1C08 (C) [97.25] What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license? A. Five years B. Life C. Ten years D. Eight years share/T/T7B040000664000175000017500000000031114411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT7B04 (D) Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable? A. Band-pass filter B. Low-pass filter C. Preamplifier D. Ferrite choke share/T/T5C090000664000175000017500000000022614411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT5C09 (A) How much power is delivered by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes? A. 138 watts B. 0.7 watts C. 23.8 watts D. 3.8 watts share/T/T8C100000664000175000017500000000036414411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8C10 (C) What is required before using the EchoLink system? A. Complete the required EchoLink training B. Purchase a license to use the EchoLink software C. Register your call sign and provide proof of license D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8B010000664000175000017500000000037314411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT8B01 (C) What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons? A. The signal strength of received signals B. Time of day accurate to plus or minus 1/10 second C. Health and status of the satellite D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5B060000664000175000017500000000016114411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT5B06 (D) Which is equal to 3000 milliamperes? A. 0.003 amperes B. 0.3 amperes C. 3,000,000 amperes D. 3 amperes share/T/T4A070000664000175000017500000000054514411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT4A07 (C) Which of the following connections is made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes? A. Computer "line out" to transceiver push-to-talk B. Computer "line in" to transceiver push-to-talk C. Computer "line in" to transceiver speaker connector D. Computer "line out" to transceiver speaker connector share/T/T8D100000664000175000017500000000034414411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT8D10 (D) Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT-X software suite? A. Earth-Moon-Earth B. Weak signal propagation beacons C. Meteor scatter D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6C040000664000175000017500000000014014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT6C04 (C) What is component 3 in figure T-1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Lamp D. Ground symbol share/T/T8B100000664000175000017500000000026714411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT8B10 (D) What is a LEO satellite? A. A sun synchronous satellite B. A highly elliptical orbit satellite C. A satellite in low energy operation mode D. A satellite in low earth orbit share/T/T8B070000664000175000017500000000055214411144055011225 0ustar jtnjtnT8B07 (C) What is Doppler shift in reference to satellite communications? A. A change in the satellite orbit B. A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another C. An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and Earth station D. A special digital communications mode for some satellites share/T/T6A070000664000175000017500000000017414411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT6A07 (D) What electrical component is typically constructed as a coil of wire? A. Switch B. Capacitor C. Diode D. Inductor share/T/T1D060000664000175000017500000000061314411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT1D06 (B) [97.113(a)(4)] What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene? A. The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies B. Any such language is prohibited C. The ITU maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies D. There is no such prohibition share/T/T7D010000664000175000017500000000020314411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT7D01 (B) Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential? A. An ammeter B. A voltmeter C. A wavemeter D. An ohmmeter share/T/T1D070000664000175000017500000000043014411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1D07 (D) [97.113(d)] What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations? A. Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth stations B. Earth, repeater, or space stations C. Beacon, repeater, or space stations D. Repeater, auxiliary, or space stations share/T/T6C050000664000175000017500000000014314411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6C05 (D) What is component 4 in figure T-1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Ground symbol D. Battery share/T/T1B070000664000175000017500000000037714411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT1B07 (A) [97.305(a), (c)] Which of the following VHF/UHF band segments are limited to CW only? A. 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz B. 219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz C. 902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHz D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1F060000664000175000017500000000031614411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT1F06 (D) [97.119(c)] Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission? A. KL7CC stroke W3 B. KL7CC slant W3 C. KL7CC slash W3 D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1F030000664000175000017500000000051414411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT1F03 (D) [97.119(a)] When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign? A. At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter B. At least once during each transmission C. At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication share/T/T6C010000664000175000017500000000024514411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT6C01 (C) What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols? A. Bill of materials B. Connector pinout C. Schematic D. Flow chart share/T/T0A080000664000175000017500000000042214411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0A08 (A) Where should a fuse or circuit breaker be installed in a 120V AC power circuit? A. In series with the hot conductor only B. In series with the hot and neutral conductors C. In parallel with the hot conductor only D. In parallel with the hot and neutral conductors share/T/T0A090000664000175000017500000000045214411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT0A09 (C) What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections? A. Waterproof them with silicone caulk or electrical tape B. Keep them as far apart as possible C. Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap D. Tune them for resonance on the lowest frequency of operation share/T/T1F110000664000175000017500000000051114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT1F11 (B) [97.5(b)(2)] Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant? A. The trustee must have an Amateur Extra Class operator license grant B. The club must have at least four members C. The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6D080000664000175000017500000000022314411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT6D08 (D) Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a resonant circuit? A. Resistor B. Zener diode C. Potentiometer D. Capacitor share/T/T1D040000664000175000017500000000060314411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT1D04 (A) [97.113(a)(4), 97.113(c)] Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission? A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications B. When the music produces no spurious emissions C. When transmissions are limited to less than three minutes per hour D. When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz share/T/T5D010000664000175000017500000000016614411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT5D01 (B) What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit? A. I = E x R B. I = E / R C. I = E + R D. I = E - R share/T/T6C120000664000175000017500000000030414411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT6C12 (C) Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics? A. Wire lengths B. Physical appearance of components C. Component connections D. All these choices are correct share/T/T4B020000664000175000017500000000032614411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT4B02 (A) Which of the following can be used to enter a transceiver's operating frequency? A. The keypad or VFO knob B. The CTCSS or DTMF encoder C. The Automatic Frequency Control D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8C040000664000175000017500000000057114411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT8C04 (C) Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a contest? A. Sign only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling B. Contact the station twice to be sure that you are in his log C. Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange D. All these choices are correct share/T/T9B110000664000175000017500000000030614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT9B11 (C) Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss at VHF and UHF? A. 50-ohm flexible coax B. Multi-conductor unbalanced cable C. Air-insulated hardline D. 75-ohm flexible coax share/T/T1B090000664000175000017500000000054314411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT1B09 (D) [97.101(a), 97.301(a-e)] Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band? A. To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display B. So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge C. To allow for transmitter frequency drift D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1A080000664000175000017500000000052014411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT1A08 (B) [97.3(a)(22)] Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations? A. Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC B. Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs C. FCC Regional Field Office D. International Telecommunication Union share/T/T9B060000664000175000017500000000023014411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT9B06 (B) Which of the following RF connector types is most suitable for frequencies above 400 MHz? A. UHF (PL-259/SO-239) B. Type N C. RS-213 D. DB-25 share/T/T1F010000664000175000017500000000057114411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT1F01 (B) [97.103(c)] When must the station and its records be available for FCC inspection? A. At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection B. At any time upon request by an FCC representative C. At any time after written notification by the FCC of such inspection D. Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent share/T/T8A010000664000175000017500000000022614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT8A01 (C) Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation? A. Spread spectrum B. Packet radio C. Single sideband D. Phase shift keying (PSK) share/T/T8D050000664000175000017500000000063514411144055011227 0ustar jtnjtnT8D05 (A) Which of the following is an application of APRS? A. Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations B. Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval C. Providing voice over internet connection between repeaters D. Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater share/T/T5D110000664000175000017500000000021714411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT5D11 (B) What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it? A. 1 volt B. 10 volts C. 11 volts D. 9 volts share/T/T8C080000664000175000017500000000065214411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT8C08 (A) What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)? A. A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) B. A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio C. A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations D. A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the internet share/T/T0B060000664000175000017500000000060414411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT0B06 (D) What is the minimum safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna? A. Add the height of the antenna to the height of the power line and multiply by a factor of 1.5 B. The height of the power line above ground C. 1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency D. Enough so that if the antenna falls, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires share/T/T1E110000664000175000017500000000043714411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT1E11 (D) [97.103(a)] Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records? A. The station custodian B. The third party participant C. The person operating the station equipment D. The station licensee share/T/T3A050000664000175000017500000000053314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT3A05 (B) When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path? A. Change from vertical to horizontal polarization B. Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater C. Try the long path D. Increase the antenna SWR share/T/T3C030000664000175000017500000000047014411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT3C03 (B) What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter? A. They are often received from 10,000 miles or more B. They are distorted and signal strength varies considerably C. They occur only during winter nighttime hours D. They are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west share/T/T3A120000664000175000017500000000024314411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT3A12 (B) What is the effect of fog and rain on signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands? A. Absorption B. There is little effect C. Deflection D. Range increase share/T/T2B080000664000175000017500000000056514411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT2B08 (A) Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other? A. The stations should negotiate continued use of the frequency B. Both stations should choose another frequency to avoid conflict C. Interference is inevitable, so no action is required D. Use subaudible tones so both stations can share the frequency share/T/T1C070000664000175000017500000000073714411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1C07 (B) [97.23] Which of the following can result in revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license? A. Failure to inform the FCC of any changes in the amateur station following performance of an RF safety environmental evaluation B. Failure to provide and maintain a correct email address with the FCC C. Failure to obtain FCC type acceptance prior to using a home-built transmitter D. Failure to have a copy of your license available at your station share/T/T0B090000664000175000017500000000044014411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT0B09 (C) Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole? A. The antenna will not work properly because of induced voltages B. The 60 Hz radiations from the feed line may increase the SWR C. The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines D. All these choices are correct share/T/T3A030000664000175000017500000000027414411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT3A03 (C) What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands? A. Right-hand circular B. Left-hand circular C. Horizontal D. Vertical share/T/T7A040000664000175000017500000000026014411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT7A04 (C) Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple signals? A. Discrimination ratio B. Sensitivity C. Selectivity D. Harmonic distortion share/T/T1E080000664000175000017500000000043114411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT1E08 (A) [97.3(a)(6), 97.205(d)] Which of the following is an example of automatic control? A. Repeater operation B. Controlling a station over the internet C. Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically D. Using a computer or other device to identify automatically share/T/T2A030000664000175000017500000000025014411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT2A03 (A) What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band? A. Plus or minus 5 MHz B. Plus or minus 600 kHz C. Plus or minus 500 kHz D. Plus or minus 1 MHz share/T/T5A050000664000175000017500000000020714411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT5A05 (A) What is the electrical term for the force that causes electron flow? A. Voltage B. Ampere-hours C. Capacitance D. Inductance share/T/T1A010000664000175000017500000000055214411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT1A01 (C) [97.1] Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service? A. Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible B. Providing communications for international non-profit organizations C. Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1D010000664000175000017500000000110714411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT1D01 (A) [97.111(a)(1)] With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications? A. Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications B. Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications C. Any country banned from such communications by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) D. Any country banned from making such communications by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) share/T/T1A020000664000175000017500000000027414411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT1A02 (C) [97.1] Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States? A. FEMA B. Homeland Security C. The FCC D. All these choices are correct share/T/T0B040000664000175000017500000000050614411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0B04 (C) Which of the following is an important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower? A. Wear a ground strap connected to your wrist at all times B. Insulate the base of the tower to avoid lightning strikes C. Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1B060000664000175000017500000000032014411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT1B06 (B) [97.301(e), 97.305] On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges? A. None B. 10 meter band only C. 80 meter, 40 meter, 15 meter, and 10 meter bands D. 30 meter band only share/T/T2C050000664000175000017500000000037614411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT2C05 (A) What does the term "traffic" refer to in net operation? A. Messages exchanged by net stations B. The number of stations checking in and out of a net C. Operation by mobile or portable stations D. Requests to activate the net by a served agency share/T/T5D140000664000175000017500000000017214411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT5D14 (B) In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components? A. Series B. Parallel C. Resonant D. Branch share/T/T4A040000664000175000017500000000062114411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT4A04 (B) How are the transceiver audio input and output connected in a station configured to operate using FT8? A. To a computer running a terminal program and connected to a terminal node controller unit B. To the audio input and output of a computer running WSJT-X software C. To an FT8 conversion unit, a keyboard, and a computer monitor D. To a computer connected to the FT8converter.com website share/T/T5A020000664000175000017500000000016314411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT5A02 (B) Electrical power is measured in which of the following units? A. Volts B. Watts C. Watt-hours D. Amperes share/T/T1A070000664000175000017500000000044214411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1A07 (C) [97.3(a)(41)] What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station? A. Any satellite orbiting Earth B. A manned satellite orbiting Earth C. An amateur station located more than 50 km above Earth's surface D. An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals share/T/T7C010000664000175000017500000000041114411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT7C01 (A) What is the primary purpose of a dummy load? A. To prevent transmitting signals over the air when making tests B. To prevent over-modulation of a transmitter C. To improve the efficiency of an antenna D. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver share/T/T3C090000664000175000017500000000063214411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT3C09 (A) What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region? A. From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity B. From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity C. From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity D. From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity share/T/T0B020000664000175000017500000000037314411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0B02 (D) What is required when climbing an antenna tower? A. Have sufficient training on safe tower climbing techniques B. Use appropriate tie-off to the tower at all times C. Always wear an approved climbing harness D. All these choices are correct share/T/T4B050000664000175000017500000000041214411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT4B05 (C) What does the scanning function of an FM transceiver do? A. Checks incoming signal deviation B. Prevents interference to nearby repeaters C. Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity D. Checks for messages left on a digital bulletin board share/T/T1D030000664000175000017500000000045314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT1D03 (C) [97.211(b), 97.215(b), 97.113(a)(4)] When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning? A. Only during contests B. Only when transmitting certain approved digital codes C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft D. Never share/T/T5C010000664000175000017500000000020314411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT5C01 (D) What describes the ability to store energy in an electric field? A. Inductance B. Resistance C. Tolerance D. Capacitance share/T/T7D080000664000175000017500000000027414411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT7D08 (A) Which of the following types of solder should not be used for radio and electronic applications? A. Acid-core solder B. Lead-tin solder C. Rosin-core solder D. Tin-copper solder share/T/T9B020000664000175000017500000000020114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT9B02 (B) What is the most common impedance of coaxial cables used in amateur radio? A. 8 ohms B. 50 ohms C. 600 ohms D. 12 ohms share/T/T9A020000664000175000017500000000062314411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT9A02 (A) Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading? A. Electrically lengthening by inserting inductors in radiating elements B. Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant C. Installing a spring in the base of a mobile vertical antenna to make it more flexible D. Strengthening the radiating elements of a beam antenna to better resist wind damage share/T/T8A020000664000175000017500000000016714411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8A02 (A) What type of modulation is commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions? A. FM or PM B. SSB C. AM D. PSK share/T/T3C060000664000175000017500000000037714411144055011225 0ustar jtnjtnT3C06 (A) What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis? A. Tropospheric ducting B. D region refraction C. F2 region refraction D. Faraday rotation share/T/T4A060000664000175000017500000000040014411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT4A06 (C) What signals are used in a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation? A. Receive and transmit mode, status, and location B. Antenna and RF power C. Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keying D. NMEA GPS location and DC power share/T/T0B080000664000175000017500000000056114411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT0B08 (D) Which is a proper grounding method for a tower? A. A single four-foot ground rod, driven into the ground no more than 12 inches from the base B. A ferrite-core RF choke connected between the tower and ground C. A connection between the tower base and a cold water pipe D. Separate eight-foot ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each other share/T/T2B100000664000175000017500000000017014411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT2B10 (A) Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations? A. QRM B. QRN C. QTH D. QSB share/T/T6D060000664000175000017500000000022214411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6D06 (B) What component changes 120 V AC power to a lower AC voltage for other uses? A. Variable capacitor B. Transformer C. Transistor D. Diode share/T/T3B070000664000175000017500000000035114411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT3B07 (A) In addition to frequency, which of the following is used to identify amateur radio bands? A. The approximate wavelength in meters B. Traditional letter/number designators C. Channel numbers D. All these choices are correct share/T/T7A050000664000175000017500000000024414411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT7A05 (D) What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency? A. Reactance modulator B. Phase modulator C. Low-pass filter D. Oscillator share/T/T3C040000664000175000017500000000037514411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT3C04 (B) Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon? A. Backscatter B. Sporadic E C. D region absorption D. Gray-line propagation share/T/T7A060000664000175000017500000000024214411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT7A06 (C) What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band? A. High-pass filter B. Low-pass filter C. Transverter D. Phase converter share/T/T5B050000664000175000017500000000013614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT5B05 (B) Which is equal to 500 milliwatts? A. 0.02 watts B. 0.5 watts C. 5 watts D. 50 watts share/T/T5B010000664000175000017500000000020314411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT5B01 (C) How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes? A. 15 milliamperes B. 150 milliamperes C. 1500 milliamperes D. 15,000 milliamperes share/T/T0A060000664000175000017500000000046014411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0A06 (D) What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station? A. Use three-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment B. Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common safety ground C. Install mechanical interlocks in high-voltage circuits D. All these choices are correct share/T/T0A110000664000175000017500000000036414411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT0A11 (D) What hazard exists in a power supply immediately after turning it off? A. Circulating currents in the dc filter B. Leakage flux in the power transformer C. Voltage transients from kickback diodes D. Charge stored in filter capacitors share/T/T6C100000664000175000017500000000015614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6C10 (D) What is component 3 in figure T-3? A. Connector B. Meter C. Variable capacitor D. Variable inductor share/T/T3A060000664000175000017500000000042014411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT3A06 (B) What is the meaning of the term "picket fencing"? A. Alternating transmissions during a net operation B. Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation C. A type of ground system used with vertical antennas D. Local vs long-distance communications share/T/T5C120000664000175000017500000000027114411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT5C12 (A) What is impedance? A. The opposition to AC current flow B. The inverse of resistance C. The Q or Quality Factor of a component D. The power handling capability of a component share/T/T5A090000664000175000017500000000044714411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT5A09 (C) Which of the following describes alternating current? A. Current that alternates between a positive direction and zero B. Current that alternates between a negative direction and zero C. Current that alternates between positive and negative directions D. All these answers are correct share/T/T8D080000664000175000017500000000044414411144055011230 0ustar jtnjtnT8D08 (D) Which of the following is included in packet radio transmissions? A. A check sum that permits error detection B. A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent C. Automatic repeat request in case of error D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2A040000664000175000017500000000053414411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT2A04 (B) What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign? A. Say "break, break," then say the station's call sign B. Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign C. Say "CQ" three times, then the other station's call sign D. Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer share/T/T8C030000664000175000017500000000031014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT8C03 (D) What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period? A. Simulated emergency exercises B. Net operations C. Public service events D. Contesting share/T/T2A070000664000175000017500000000047414411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT2A07 (A) What is meant by "repeater offset"? A. The difference between a repeater's transmit and receive frequencies B. The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference C. The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency D. The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater share/T/T7C070000664000175000017500000000024314411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT7C07 (C) What happens to power lost in a feed line? A. It increases the SWR B. It is radiated as harmonics C. It is converted into heat D. It distorts the signal share/T/T6A080000664000175000017500000000040514411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT6A08 (C) What is the function of an SPDT switch? A. A single circuit is opened or closed B. Two circuits are opened or closed C. A single circuit is switched between one of two other circuits D. Two circuits are each switched between one of two other circuits share/T/T6B020000664000175000017500000000020114411144055011205 0ustar jtnjtnT6B02 (C) What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction? A. Resistor B. Fuse C. Diode D. Driven element share/T/T6C090000664000175000017500000000017014411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT6C09 (D) What is component 4 in figure T-2? A. Variable inductor B. Double-pole switch C. Potentiometer D. Transformer share/T/T1F040000664000175000017500000000035314411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT1F04 (C) [97.119(b)(2)] What language may you use for identification when operating in a phone sub-band? A. Any language recognized by the United Nations B. Any language recognized by the ITU C. English D. English, French, or Spanish share/T/T7B100000664000175000017500000000042614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT7B10 (D) What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through an FM repeater is distorted or unintelligible? A. Your transmitter is slightly off frequency B. Your batteries are running low C. You are in a bad location D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6A090000664000175000017500000000025214411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT6A09 (A) What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads? A. Fuse B. Thyratron C. Varactor D. All these choices are correct share/T/T3B030000664000175000017500000000026014411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT3B03 (C) What are the two components of a radio wave? A. Impedance and reactance B. Voltage and current C. Electric and magnetic fields D. Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation share/T/T3C050000664000175000017500000000034414411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT3C05 (A) Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations? A. Knife-edge diffraction B. Faraday rotation C. Quantum tunneling D. Doppler shift share/T/T0C070000664000175000017500000000025314411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT0C07 (B) What hazard is created by touching an antenna during a transmission? A. Electrocution B. RF burn to skin C. Radiation poisoning D. All these choices are correct share/T/T0C110000664000175000017500000000060414411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT0C11 (C) What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure? A. The difference between the lowest power output and the highest power output of a transmitter B. The difference between the PEP and average power output of a transmitter C. The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting D. The percentage of time that a transmitter is not transmitting share/T/T7C020000664000175000017500000000027114411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT7C02 (B) Which of the following is used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired operating frequency? A. A VTVM B. An antenna analyzer C. A Q meter D. A frequency counter share/T/T3A040000664000175000017500000000043714411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT3A04 (B) What happens when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization? A. The modulation sidebands might become inverted B. Received signal strength is reduced C. Signals have an echo effect D. Nothing significant will happen share/T/T9A010000664000175000017500000000036714411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT9A01 (C) What is a beam antenna? A. An antenna built from aluminum I-beams B. An omnidirectional antenna invented by Clarence Beam C. An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction D. An antenna that reverses the phase of received signals share/T/T5A030000664000175000017500000000020014411144055011203 0ustar jtnjtnT5A03 (D) What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? A. Voltage B. Resistance C. Capacitance D. Current share/T/T8D090000664000175000017500000000027414411144055011232 0ustar jtnjtnT8D09 (D) What is CW? A. A type of electromagnetic propagation B. A digital mode used primarily on 2 meter FM C. A technique for coil winding D. Another name for a Morse code transmission share/T/T0C060000664000175000017500000000050214411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT0C06 (D) Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine whether your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? A. By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 B. By calculation based on computer modeling C. By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment D. All these choices are correct share/T/T0C080000664000175000017500000000027314411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT0C08 (A) Which of the following actions can reduce exposure to RF radiation? A. Relocate antennas B. Relocate the transmitter C. Increase the duty cycle D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2A110000664000175000017500000000023414411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT2A11 (C) What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency? A. Full duplex B. Diplex C. Simplex D. Multiplex share/T/T3B050000664000175000017500000000042014411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT3B05 (B) What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency? A. Wavelength gets longer as frequency increases B. Wavelength gets shorter as frequency increases C. Wavelength and frequency are unrelated D. Wavelength and frequency increase as path length increases share/T/T3C080000664000175000017500000000032314411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT3C08 (D) What causes tropospheric ducting? A. Discharges of lightning during electrical storms B. Sunspots and solar flares C. Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes D. Temperature inversions in the atmosphere share/T/T1A110000664000175000017500000000047114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT1A11 (B) [97.101 (d)] When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted? A. To stop another amateur station that is breaking the FCC rules B. At no time C. When making short test transmissions D. At any time, stations in the Amateur Radio Service are not protected from willful interference share/T/T3C010000664000175000017500000000044614411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT3C01 (C) Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon? A. They are too weak to go very far B. FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles C. UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere D. UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D region share/T/T8A030000664000175000017500000000021614411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT8A03 (C) Which type of voice mode is often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands? A. FM B. DRM C. SSB D. PM share/T/T3B040000664000175000017500000000032614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT3B04 (A) What is the velocity of a radio wave traveling through free space? A. Speed of light B. Speed of sound C. Speed inversely proportional to its wavelength D. Speed that increases as the frequency increases share/T/T9B090000664000175000017500000000026214411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT9B09 (B) What can cause erratic changes in SWR? A. Local thunderstorm B. Loose connection in the antenna or feed line C. Over-modulation D. Overload from a strong local station share/T/T2C090000664000175000017500000000053014411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT2C09 (D) Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class? A. No B. Yes, but only when part of a FEMA emergency plan C. Yes, but only when part of a RACES emergency plan D. Yes, but only in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property share/T/T0C130000664000175000017500000000031614411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0C13 (B) Who is responsible for ensuring that no person is exposed to RF energy above the FCC exposure limits? A. The FCC B. The station licensee C. Anyone who is near an antenna D. The local zoning board share/T/T0B050000664000175000017500000000045314411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT0B05 (B) What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines? A. Secure the guy line if the turnbuckle breaks B. Prevent loosening of the turnbuckle from vibration C. Provide a ground path for lightning strikes D. Provide an ability to measure for proper tensioning share/T/T1E090000664000175000017500000000043514411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT1E09 (D) [97.109(c)] Which of the following are required for remote control operation? A. The control operator must be at the control point B. A control operator is required at all times C. The control operator must indirectly manipulate the controls D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6B100000664000175000017500000000015514411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT6B10 (B) Which of the following can provide power gain? A. Transformer B. Transistor C. Reactor D. Resistor share/T/T9A090000664000175000017500000000017314411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT9A09 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna? A. 6 B. 50 C. 112 D. 236 share/T/T6D050000664000175000017500000000021214411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT6D05 (A) What type of circuit controls the amount of voltage from a power supply? A. Regulator B. Oscillator C. Filter D. Phase inverter share/T/T7A090000664000175000017500000000047514411144055011231 0ustar jtnjtnT7A09 (B) What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier? A. Change the mode of the transmitted signal B. Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode C. Change the frequency range of the amplifier to operate in the proper segment of the band D. Reduce the received signal noise share/T/T6C060000664000175000017500000000014414411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT6C06 (B) What is component 6 in figure T-2? A. Resistor B. Capacitor C. Regulator IC D. Transistor share/T/T3A080000664000175000017500000000040614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT3A08 (D) What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere? A. Frequency shift due to Faraday rotation B. Interference from thunderstorms C. Intermodulation distortion D. Random combining of signals arriving via different paths share/T/T8C020000664000175000017500000000027514411144055011223 0ustar jtnjtnT8C02 (B) Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt? A. Calibrated SWR meter B. A directional antenna C. A calibrated noise bridge D. All these choices are correct share/T/T6D070000664000175000017500000000017414411144055011225 0ustar jtnjtnT6D07 (A) Which of the following is commonly used as a visual indicator? A. LED B. FET C. Zener diode D. Bipolar transistor share/T/T6D040000664000175000017500000000020614411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6D04 (C) Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value? A. Potentiometer B. Transistor C. Meter D. Relay share/T/T4A120000664000175000017500000000042614411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT4A12 (C) What is an electronic keyer? A. A device for switching antennas from transmit to receive B. A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit C. A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code D. An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio share/T/T0C120000664000175000017500000000050014411144055011203 0ustar jtnjtnT0C12 (A) How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)? A. RF radiation does not have sufficient energy to cause chemical changes in cells and damage DNA B. RF radiation can only be detected with an RF dosimeter C. RF radiation is limited in range to a few feet D. RF radiation is perfectly safe share/T/T8C070000664000175000017500000000065614411144055011233 0ustar jtnjtnT8C07 (D) What is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)? A. A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the internet to another station B. A technique employed to "spot" DX stations via the internet C. A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the internet D. A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques share/T/T9B010000664000175000017500000000023014411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT9B01 (B) What is a benefit of low SWR? A. Reduced television interference B. Reduced signal loss C. Less antenna wear D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2C100000664000175000017500000000040214411144055011204 0ustar jtnjtnT2C10 (D) What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message? A. The email address of the originating station B. The address of the intended recipient C. The telephone number of the addressee D. Information needed to track the message share/T/T5B040000664000175000017500000000023114411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT5B04 (A) Which is equal to one microvolt? A. One one-millionth of a volt B. One million volts C. One thousand kilovolts D. One one-thousandth of a volt share/T/T5D060000664000175000017500000000020414411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT5D06 (A) What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source? A. 3 ohms B. 16 ohms C. 48 ohms D. 8 ohms share/T/T3C100000664000175000017500000000037414411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT3C10 (A) Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere's F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle? A. 6 and 10 meters B. 23 centimeters C. 70 centimeters and 1.25 meters D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1C060000664000175000017500000000070414411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT1C06 (D) [97.5(a)(2)] From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit? A. From within any country that belongs to the International Telecommunication Union B. From within any country that is a member of the United Nations C. From anywhere within International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Regions 2 and 3 D. From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States share/T/T7A010000664000175000017500000000024514411144055011214 0ustar jtnjtnT7A01 (B) Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal? A. Linearity B. Sensitivity C. Selectivity D. Total Harmonic Distortion share/T/T7D040000664000175000017500000000017714411144055011226 0ustar jtnjtnT7D04 (D) Which instrument is used to measure electric current? A. An ohmmeter B. An electrometer C. A voltmeter D. An ammeter share/T/T7C110000664000175000017500000000045514411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT7C11 (C) What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to foam or solid dielectric types? A. It has more loss per foot B. It cannot be used for VHF or UHF antennas C. It requires special techniques to prevent moisture in the cable D. It cannot be used at below freezing temperatures share/T/T5D020000664000175000017500000000016614411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT5D02 (A) What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit? A. E = I x R B. E = I / R C. E = I + R D. E = I - R share/T/T6C080000664000175000017500000000020514411144055011220 0ustar jtnjtnT6C08 (C) What is component 9 in figure T-2? A. Variable capacitor B. Variable inductor C. Variable resistor D. Variable transformer share/T/T1A090000664000175000017500000000055214411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT1A09 (C) [97.3(a)(22)] Who selects a Frequency Coordinator? A. The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy B. The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations D. FCC Regional Field Office share/T/T7B060000664000175000017500000000106614411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT7B06 (A) Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station's transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception? A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance C. Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8C010000664000175000017500000000026214411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT8C01 (C) Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming? A. Echolocation B. Doppler radar C. Radio direction finding D. Phase locking share/T/T8D040000664000175000017500000000036014411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8D04 (C) What type of transmission is indicated by the term "NTSC?" A. A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit B. A special mode for satellite uplink C. An analog fast-scan color TV signal D. A frame compression scheme for TV signals share/T/T3B020000664000175000017500000000043014411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT3B02 (A) What property of a radio wave defines its polarization? A. The orientation of the electric field B. The orientation of the magnetic field C. The ratio of the energy in the magnetic field to the energy in the electric field D. The ratio of the velocity to the wavelength share/T/T2B130000664000175000017500000000036614411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT2B13 (B) What is the purpose of a squelch function? A. Reduce a CW transmitter's key clicks B. Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not present C. Eliminate parasitic oscillations in an RF amplifier D. Reduce interference from impulse noise share/T/T9B080000664000175000017500000000030614411144055011224 0ustar jtnjtnT9B08 (D) Which of the following is a source of loss in coaxial feed line? A. Water intrusion into coaxial connectors B. High SWR C. Multiple connectors in the line D. All these choices are correct share/T/T3A020000664000175000017500000000023314411144055011206 0ustar jtnjtnT3A02 (B) What is the effect of vegetation on UHF and microwave signals? A. Knife-edge diffraction B. Absorption C. Amplification D. Polarization rotation share/T/T7A100000664000175000017500000000027014411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT7A10 (B) What device increases the transmitted output power from a transceiver? A. A voltage divider B. An RF power amplifier C. An impedance network D. All these choices are correct share/T/T7A110000664000175000017500000000035314411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT7A11 (A) Where is an RF preamplifier installed? A. Between the antenna and receiver B. At the output of the transmitter power amplifier C. Between the transmitter and the antenna tuner D. At the output of the receiver audio amplifier share/T/T6D030000664000175000017500000000043214411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT6D03 (C) Which of the following is a reason to use shielded wire? A. To decrease the resistance of DC power connections B. To increase the current carrying capability of the wire C. To prevent coupling of unwanted signals to or from the wire D. To couple the wire to other signals share/T/T5B130000664000175000017500000000013414411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT5B13 (C) Which is equal to 2425 MHz? A. 0.002425 GHz B. 24.25 GHz C. 2.425 GHz D. 2425 GHz share/T/T6A110000664000175000017500000000020714411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT6A11 (B) Which of the following battery chemistries is not rechargeable? A. Nickel-cadmium B. Carbon-zinc C. Lead-acid D. Lithium-ion share/T/T7D110000664000175000017500000000046614411144055011225 0ustar jtnjtnT7D11 (B) Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring in-circuit resistance with an ohmmeter? A. Ensure that the applied voltages are correct B. Ensure that the circuit is not powered C. Ensure that the circuit is grounded D. Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency share/T/T5D030000664000175000017500000000017114411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT5D03 (B) What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit? A. R = E x I B. R = E / I C. R = E + I D. R = E - I share/T/T7A030000664000175000017500000000022014411144055011207 0ustar jtnjtnT7A03 (B) Which of the following is used to convert a signal from one frequency to another? A. Phase splitter B. Mixer C. Inverter D. Amplifier share/T/T5A100000664000175000017500000000017114411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT5A10 (C) Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used? A. Resistance B. Current C. Power D. Voltage share/T/T5C070000664000175000017500000000011414411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT5C07 (D) What is the abbreviation for megahertz? A. MH B. mh C. Mhz D. MHz share/T/T7B110000664000175000017500000000044314411144055011216 0ustar jtnjtnT7B11 (C) What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver? A. Excessive SWR at the antenna connection B. The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency C. Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible voice transmissions D. Frequent blowing of power supply fuses share/T/T6A020000664000175000017500000000022414411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT6A02 (C) What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control? A. Fixed resistor B. Power resistor C. Potentiometer D. Transformer share/T/T2A120000664000175000017500000000035414411144055011212 0ustar jtnjtnT2A12 (D) What should you do before calling CQ? A. Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency B. Ask if the frequency is in use C. Make sure you are authorized to use that frequency D. All these choices are correct share/T/T5C100000664000175000017500000000022614411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT5C10 (B) How much power is delivered by a voltage of 12 volts DC and a current of 2.5 amperes? A. 4.8 watts B. 30 watts C. 14.5 watts D. 0.208 watts share/T/T8B120000664000175000017500000000053014411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT8B12 (C) Which of the following is a way to determine whether your satellite uplink power is neither too low nor too high? A. Check your signal strength report in the telemetry data B. Listen for distortion on your downlink signal C. Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon D. All these choices are correct share/T/T8B030000664000175000017500000000055214411144055011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8B03 (D) Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs? A. Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over Earth B. The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass C. The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift D. All these choices are correct share/T/T1C020000664000175000017500000000051414411144055011210 0ustar jtnjtnT1C02 (D) [97.19] Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules? A. Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra Class license B. Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra Class license C. Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years D. Any licensed amateur share/T/T1F090000664000175000017500000000035714411144055011227 0ustar jtnjtnT1F09 (C) [97.3(a)(40)] What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels? A. Beacon station B. Earth station C. Repeater station D. Message forwarding station share/T/T7C100000664000175000017500000000053714411144055011222 0ustar jtnjtnT7C10 (D) Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light? A. Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiation B. Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable's jacket C. Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix, causing interference D. Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable share/T/T1A050000664000175000017500000000046214411144055011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1A05 (C) [97.7] What proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant? A. A printed copy of the certificate of successful completion of examination B. An email notification from the NCVEC granting the license C. The license appears in the FCC ULS database D. All these choices are correct share/T/T2B060000664000175000017500000000013714411144055011215 0ustar jtnjtnT2B06 (A) What type of signaling uses pairs of audio tones? A. DTMF B. CTCSS C. GPRS D. D-STAR share/T/T0A120000664000175000017500000000056214411144055011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0A12 (B) Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter? A. Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedance B. Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measured C. Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeter D. Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency share/T/T2B070000664000175000017500000000035414411144055011217 0ustar jtnjtnT2B07 (C) How can you join a digital repeater's "talkgroup"? A. Register your radio with the local FCC office B. Join the repeater owner's club C. Program your radio with the group's ID or code D. Sign your call after the courtesy tone share/G/0000775000175000017500000000000014471745727010542 5ustar jtnjtnshare/G/G3A010000664000175000017500000000063114471703523011164 0ustar jtnjtnG3A01 (A) How does a higher sunspot number affect HF propagation? A. Higher sunspot numbers generally indicate a greater probability of good propagation at higher frequencies B. Lower sunspot numbers generally indicate greater probability of sporadic E propagation C. A zero sunspot number indicates that radio propagation is not possible on any band D. A zero sunspot number indicates undisturbed conditions share/G/G9C090000664000175000017500000000050114471706111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG9C09 (B) In free space, how does the gain of two three-element, horizontally polarized Yagi antennas spaced vertically 1/2 wavelength apart typically compare to the gain of a single three-element Yagi? A. Approximately 1.5 dB higher B. Approximately 3 dB higher C. Approximately 6 dB higher D. Approximately 9 dB higher share/G/G0B030000664000175000017500000000026314471701677011175 0ustar jtnjtnG0B03 (D) Which size of fuse or circuit breaker would be appropriate to use with a circuit that uses AWG number 14 wiring? A. 30 amperes B. 25 amperes C. 20 amperes D. 15 amperes share/G/G3C110000664000175000017500000000025214471704004011161 0ustar jtnjtnG3C11 (D) Which ionospheric region is the most absorbent of signals below 10 MHz during daylight hours? A. The F2 region B. The F1 region C. The E region D. The D region share/G/G7B050000664000175000017500000000012114373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG7B05 (C) How many states does a 3-bit binary counter have? A. 3 B. 6 C. 8 D. 16 share/G/G7A130000664000175000017500000000016514373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7A13 (A) Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a tapped inductor? A. Symbol 7 B. Symbol 11 C. Symbol 6 D. Symbol 1 share/G/G0A030000664000175000017500000000044714373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG0A03 (D) [97.13(c)(1)] How can you determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? A. By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 B. By calculation based on computer modeling C. By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4D080000664000175000017500000000034514471704314011200 0ustar jtnjtnG4D08 (C) What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz LSB signal when the displayed carrier frequency is set to 7.178 MHz? A. 7.178 MHz to 7.181 MHz B. 7.178 MHz to 7.184 MHz C. 7.175 MHz to 7.178 MHz D. 7.1765 MHz to 7.1795 MHz share/G/G1B080000664000175000017500000000133014471702274011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1B08 (B) [97.111(a)(1)] When is it permissible to communicate with amateur stations in countries outside the areas administered by the Federal Communications Commission? A. Only when the foreign country has a formal third-party agreement filed with the FCC B. When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications C. Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the United Nations, or by a territory possessed by such a country D. Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the International Amateur Radio Union, or by a territory possessed by such a country share/G/G3C060000664000175000017500000000034614373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG3C06 (B) What is a characteristic of HF scatter? A. Phone signals have high intelligibility B. Signals have a fluttering sound C. There are very large, sudden swings in signal strength D. Scatter propagation occurs only at night share/G/G4D010000664000175000017500000000050114373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG4D01 (A) What is the purpose of a speech processor in a transceiver? A. Increase the apparent loudness of transmitted voice signals B. Increase transmitter bass response for more natural-sounding SSB signals C. Prevent distortion of voice signals D. Decrease high-frequency voice output to prevent out-of-band operation share/G/G4A020000664000175000017500000000053114373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG4A02 (C) What is the benefit of using the opposite or "reverse" sideband when receiving CW? A. Interference from impulse noise will be eliminated B. More stations can be accommodated within a given signal passband C. It may be possible to reduce or eliminate interference from other signals D. Accidental out-of-band operation can be prevented share/G/G3B070000664000175000017500000000046314373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG3B07 (A) What does LUF stand for? A. The Lowest Usable Frequency for communications between two specific points B. Lowest Usable Frequency for communications to any point outside a 100-mile radius C. The Lowest Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period D. Lowest Usable Frequency during the past 60 minutes share/G/G5C130000664000175000017500000000032014471704764011176 0ustar jtnjtnG5C13 (C) Which of the following components should be added to a capacitor to increase the capacitance? A. An inductor in series B. An inductor in parallel C. A capacitor in parallel D. A capacitor in series share/G/G7A080000664000175000017500000000047014471705152011200 0ustar jtnjtnG7A08 (C) Which of the following is characteristic of a switchmode power supply as compared to a linear power supply? A. Faster switching time makes higher output voltage possible B. Fewer circuit components are required C. High-frequency operation allows the use of smaller components D. Inherently more stable share/G/G5A030000664000175000017500000000023214373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG5A03 (D) Which of the following is opposition to the flow of alternating current in an inductor? A. Conductance B. Reluctance C. Admittance D. Reactance share/G/G9A010000664000175000017500000000062514471705647011206 0ustar jtnjtnG9A01 (A) Which of the following factors determine the characteristic impedance of a parallel conductor feed line? A. The distance between the centers of the conductors and the radius of the conductors B. The distance between the centers of the conductors and the length of the line C. The radius of the conductors and the frequency of the signal D. The frequency of the signal and the length of the line share/G/G4C040000664000175000017500000000035314373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4C04 (A) What sound is heard from an audio device experiencing RF interference from a CW transmitter? A. On-and-off humming or clicking B. A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency C. A chirpy CW signal D. Severely distorted audio share/G/G7A010000664000175000017500000000040214471705125011164 0ustar jtnjtnG7A01 (B) What is the function of a power supply bleeder resistor? A. It acts as a fuse for excess voltage B. It discharges the filter capacitors when power is removed C. It removes shock hazards from the induction coils D. It eliminates ground loop current share/G/G4A110000664000175000017500000000045014373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG4A11 (B) Why should the ALC system be inactive when transmitting AFSK data signals? A. ALC will invert the modulation of the AFSK mode B. The ALC action distorts the signal C. When using digital modes, too much ALC activity can cause the transmitter to overheat D. All these choices are correct share/G/G7C110000664000175000017500000000025014373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG7C11 (D) Which of these functions is performed by software in a software-defined radio (SDR)? A. Filtering B. Detection C. Modulation D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9C010000664000175000017500000000032014471706047011173 0ustar jtnjtnG9C01 (A) Which of the following would increase the bandwidth of a Yagi antenna? A. Larger-diameter elements B. Closer element spacing C. Loading coils in series with the element D. Tapered-diameter elements share/G/G3C070000664000175000017500000000041014373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG3C07 (D) What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted? A. The ionospheric region involved is unstable B. Ground waves are absorbing much of the signal C. The E region is not present D. Energy is scattered into the skip zone through several different paths share/G/G5C100000664000175000017500000000023714373774111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG5C10 (C) What is the inductance of three 10-millihenry inductors connected in parallel? A. 0.30 henries B. 3.3 henries C. 3.3 millihenries D. 30 millihenries share/G/G1E060000664000175000017500000000030614471702667011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1E06 (C) [97.301, ITU Radio Regulations] The frequency allocations of which ITU region apply to radio amateurs operating in North and South America? A. Region 4 B. Region 3 C. Region 2 D. Region 1 share/G/G7C040000664000175000017500000000043614471705263011203 0ustar jtnjtnG7C04 (D) How is a product detector used? A. Used in test gear to detect spurious mixing products B. Used in transmitter to perform frequency multiplication C. Used in an FM receiver to filter out unwanted sidebands D. Used in a single sideband receiver to extract the modulated signal share/G/G7C140000664000175000017500000000026314373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG7C14 (A) The bandwidth of a band-pass filter is measured between what two frequencies? A. Upper and lower half-power B. Cutoff and rolloff C. Pole and zero D. Image and harmonic share/G/G8B010000664000175000017500000000031614471705445011177 0ustar jtnjtnG8B01 (B) Which mixer input is varied or tuned to convert signals of different frequencies to an intermediate frequency (IF)? A. Image frequency B. Local oscillator C. RF input D. Beat frequency oscillator share/G/G4A040000664000175000017500000000034014471704023011161 0ustar jtnjtnG4A04 (B) What is the effect on plate current of the correct setting of a vacuum-tube RF power amplifier's TUNE control? A. A pronounced peak B. A pronounced dip C. No change will be observed D. A slow, rhythmic oscillation share/G/G6A110000664000175000017500000000031014373774111011164 0ustar jtnjtnG6A11 (C) What happens when an inductor is operated above its self-resonant frequency? A. Its reactance increases B. Harmonics are generated C. It becomes capacitive D. Catastrophic failure is likely share/G/G2B110000664000175000017500000000040114471703211011152 0ustar jtnjtnG2B11 (C) [97.407(d)(4)] How often may RACES training drills and tests be routinely conducted without special authorization? A. No more than 1 hour per month B. No more than 2 hours per month C. No more than 1 hour per week D. No more than 2 hours per week share/G/G8C030000664000175000017500000000021114373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG8C03 (C) What part of a packet radio frame contains the routing and handling information? A. Directory B. Preamble C. Header D. Trailer share/G/G2A090000664000175000017500000000052514373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG2A09 (D) Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter bands? A. Lower sideband is more efficient than upper sideband at these frequencies B. Lower sideband is the only sideband legal on these frequency bands C. Because it is fully compatible with an AM detector D. It is commonly accepted amateur practice share/G/G7B080000664000175000017500000000044614373774111011206 0ustar jtnjtnG7B08 (B) How is the efficiency of an RF power amplifier determined? A. Divide the DC input power by the DC output power B. Divide the RF output power by the DC input power C. Multiply the RF input power by the reciprocal of the RF output power D. Add the RF input power to the DC output power share/G/G2D080000664000175000017500000000051414373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG2D08 (D) Why do many amateurs keep a station log? A. The FCC requires a log of all international contacts B. The FCC requires a log of all international third-party traffic C. The log provides evidence of operation needed to renew a license without retest D. To help with a reply if the FCC requests information about your station share/G/G4D100000664000175000017500000000050614471704336011174 0ustar jtnjtnG4D10 (A) How close to the lower edge of a band's phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide LSB? A. At least 3 kHz above the edge of the segment B. At least 3 kHz below the edge of the segment C. At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment D. At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment share/G/G2A100000664000175000017500000000035614471703041011162 0ustar jtnjtnG2A10 (B) Which of the following statements is true of VOX operation versus PTT operation? A. The received signal is more natural sounding B. It allows "hands free" operation C. It occupies less bandwidth D. It provides more power output share/G/G4C100000664000175000017500000000056414373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG4C10 (A) What could be a symptom caused by a ground loop in your station's audio connections? A. You receive reports of "hum" on your station's transmitted signal B. The SWR reading for one or more antennas is suddenly very high C. An item of station equipment starts to draw excessive amounts of current D. You receive reports of harmonic interference from your station share/G/G1E040000664000175000017500000000063714471702637011204 0ustar jtnjtnG1E04 (D) [97.13(b), 97.303, 97.311(b)] Which of the following conditions require a licensed amateur radio operator to take specific steps to avoid harmful interference to other users or facilities? A. When operating within one mile of an FCC Monitoring Station B. When using a band where the Amateur Service is secondary C. When a station is transmitting spread spectrum emissions D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1D040000664000175000017500000000054714373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG1D04 (A) [97.509(3)(i)(c)] Who must observe the administration of a Technician class license examination? A. At least three Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher B. At least two Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher C. At least two Volunteer Examiners of Technician class or higher D. At least three Volunteer Examiners of Technician class share/G/G9A060000664000175000017500000000024014373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG9A06 (D) In what units is RF feed line loss usually expressed? A. Ohms per 1,000 feet B. Decibels per 1,000 feet C. Ohms per 100 feet D. Decibels per 100 feet share/G/G4D090000664000175000017500000000035314471704327011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4D09 (B) What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz USB signal with the displayed carrier frequency set to 14.347 MHz? A. 14.347 MHz to 14.647 MHz B. 14.347 MHz to 14.350 MHz C. 14.344 MHz to 14.347 MHz D. 14.3455 MHz to 14.3485 MHz share/G/G1D050000664000175000017500000000075414471702506011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1D05 (A) [97.7] When operating a US station by remote control from outside the country, what license is required of the control operator? A. A US operator/primary station license B. Only an appropriate US operator/primary license and a special remote station permit from the FCC C. Only a license from the foreign country, as long as the call sign includes identification of portable operation in the US D. A license from the foreign country and a special remote station permit from the FCC share/G/G4E100000664000175000017500000000066314471704422011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4E10 (B) Why should a series diode be connected between a solar panel and a storage battery that is being charged by the panel? A. To prevent overload by regulating the charging voltage B. To prevent discharge of the battery through the panel during times of low or no illumination C. To limit the current flowing from the panel to a safe value D. To prevent damage to the battery due to excessive voltage at high illumination levels share/G/G6A090000664000175000017500000000046114373774111011202 0ustar jtnjtnG6A09 (B) Which of the following describes MOSFET construction? A. The gate is formed by a back-biased junction B. The gate is separated from the channel by a thin insulating layer C. The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating layer D. The source is formed by depositing metal on silicon share/G/G8C160000664000175000017500000000027014373774111011202 0ustar jtnjtnG8C16 (D) Which of the following provide digital voice modes? A. WSPR, MFSK16, and EasyPAL B. FT8, FT4, and FST4 C. Winlink, PACTOR II, and PACTOR III D. DMR, D-STAR, and SystemFusion share/G/G0A120000664000175000017500000000055014373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG0A12 (D) [1.1307(1)(b)(3)(i)(A)] What stations are subject to the FCC rules on RF exposure? A. All commercial stations; amateur radio stations are exempt B. Only stations with antennas lower than one wavelength above the ground C. Only stations transmitting more than 500 watts PEP D. All stations with a time-averaged transmission of more than one milliwatt share/G/G0B100000664000175000017500000000053314373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG0B10 (A) Which of the following is a danger from lead-tin solder? A. Lead can contaminate food if hands are not washed carefully after handling the solder B. High voltages can cause lead-tin solder to disintegrate suddenly C. Tin in the solder can "cold flow," causing shorts in the circuit D. RF energy can convert the lead into a poisonous gas share/G/G8A020000664000175000017500000000030214471705341011165 0ustar jtnjtnG8A02 (B) What is the name of the process that changes the phase angle of an RF signal to convey information? A. Phase convolution B. Phase modulation C. Phase transformation D. Phase inversion share/G/G1A010000664000175000017500000000050514471702007011156 0ustar jtnjtnG1A01 (C) [97.301(d)] On which HF and/or MF amateur bands are there portions where General class licensees cannot transmit? A. 60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters B. 160 meters, 60 meters, 15 meters, and 12 meters C. 80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters D. 80 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters share/G/G1A020000664000175000017500000000020714373774111011164 0ustar jtnjtnG1A02 (B) [97.305] On which of the following bands is phone operation prohibited? A. 160 meters B. 30 meters C. 17 meters D. 12 meters share/G/G4E060000664000175000017500000000045214471704401011173 0ustar jtnjtnG4E06 (C) What is one disadvantage of using a shortened mobile antenna as opposed to a full-size antenna? A. Short antennas are more likely to cause distortion of transmitted signals B. Q of the antenna will be very low C. Operating bandwidth may be very limited D. Harmonic radiation may increase share/G/G8B070000664000175000017500000000027414471705517011210 0ustar jtnjtnG8B07 (B) What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21 MHz reactance modulated oscillator in a 5 kHz deviation, 146.52 MHz FM phone transmitter? A. 101.75 Hz B. 416.7 Hz C. 5 kHz D. 60 kHz share/G/G7B040000664000175000017500000000024614471705212011173 0ustar jtnjtnG7B04 (A) In a Class A amplifier, what percentage of the time does the amplifying device conduct? A. 100% B. More than 50% but less than 100% C. 50% D. Less than 50% share/G/G7A060000664000175000017500000000021714373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7A06 (D) What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a full-wave rectifier? A. 90 degrees B. 180 degrees C. 270 degrees D. 360 degrees share/G/G2D050000664000175000017500000000112214471703357011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2D05 (C) Which of the following indicates that you are looking for an HF contact with any station? A. Sign your call sign once, followed by the words "listening for a call" -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat B. Say "QTC" followed by "this is" and your call sign -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat C. Repeat "CQ" a few times, followed by "this is," then your call sign a few times, then pause to listen, repeat as necessary D. Transmit an unmodulated carried for approximately 10 seconds, followed by "this is" and your call sign, and pause to listen -- repeat as necessary share/G/G0B110000664000175000017500000000051714373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG0B11 (D) Which of the following is required for lightning protection ground rods? A. They must be bonded to all buried water and gas lines B. Bends in ground wires must be made as close as possible to a right angle C. Lightning grounds must be connected to all ungrounded wiring D. They must be bonded together with all other grounds share/G/G1D060000664000175000017500000000070514471702521011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1D06 (A) [97.119(f)(2)] Until an upgrade to General class is shown in the FCC database, when must a Technician licensee identify with "AG" after their call sign? A. Whenever they operate using General class frequency privileges B. Whenever they operate on any amateur frequency C. Whenever they operate using Technician frequency privileges D. A special identifier is not required if their General class license application has been filed with the FCC share/G/G4C120000664000175000017500000000044214373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG4C12 (D) Why must all metal enclosures of station equipment be grounded? A. It prevents a blown fuse in the event of an internal short circuit B. It prevents signal overload C. It ensures that the neutral wire is grounded D. It ensures that hazardous voltages cannot appear on the chassis share/G/G3A050000664000175000017500000000050714471703560011173 0ustar jtnjtnG3A05 (D) What is the solar flux index? A. A measure of the highest frequency that is useful for ionospheric propagation between two points on Earth B. A count of sunspots that is adjusted for solar emissions C. Another name for the American sunspot number D. A measure of solar radiation with a wavelength of 10.7 centimeters share/G/G3B030000664000175000017500000000032414373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG3B03 (A) Which frequency will have the least attenuation for long-distance skip propagation? A. Just below the MUF B. Just above the LUF C. Just below the critical frequency D. Just above the critical frequency share/G/G7A020000664000175000017500000000027614373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG7A02 (C) Which of the following components are used in a power supply filter network? A. Diodes B. Transformers and transducers C. Capacitors and inductors D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1C040000664000175000017500000000067114471702352011172 0ustar jtnjtnG1C04 (A) [97.303(i)] Which of the following is required by the FCC rules when operating in the 60-meter band? A. If you are using an antenna other than a dipole, you must keep a record of the gain of your antenna B. You must keep a record of the date, time, frequency, power level, and stations worked C. You must keep a record of all third-party traffic D. You must keep a record of the manufacturer of your equipment and the antenna used share/G/G4B070000664000175000017500000000041114373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG4B07 (B) What signals are used to conduct a two-tone test? A. Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90 degrees B. Two non-harmonically related audio signals C. Two swept frequency tones D. Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitude share/G/G3C080000664000175000017500000000056514373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG3C08 (A) Why are HF scatter signals in the skip zone usually weak? A. Only a small part of the signal energy is scattered into the skip zone B. Signals are scattered from the magnetosphere, which is not a good reflector C. Propagation is via ground waves, which absorb most of the signal energy D. Propagation is via ducts in the F region, which absorb most of the energy share/G/G2D010000664000175000017500000000062214471703306011165 0ustar jtnjtnG2D01 (A) What is the Volunteer Monitor Program? A. Amateur volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules violations B. Amateur volunteers who conduct amateur licensing examinations C. Amateur volunteers who conduct frequency coordination for amateur VHF repeaters D. Amateur volunteers who use their station equipment to help civil defense organizations in times of emergency share/G/G5A090000664000175000017500000000012714373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG5A09 (B) What unit is used to measure reactance? A. Farad B. Ohm C. Ampere D. Siemens share/G/G7B020000664000175000017500000000017014373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG7B02 (D) Which of these classes of amplifiers has the highest efficiency? A. Class A B. Class B C. Class AB D. Class C share/G/G6B040000664000175000017500000000021214373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG6B04 (C) What is a typical upper frequency limit for low SWR operation of 50-ohm BNC connectors? A. 50 MHz B. 500 MHz C. 4 GHz D. 40 GHz share/G/G5C030000664000175000017500000000022414471704626011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C03 (A) What is the total resistance of a 10-, a 20-, and a 50-ohm resistor connected in parallel? A. 5.9 ohms B. 0.17 ohms C. 17 ohms D. 80 ohms share/G/G3C100000664000175000017500000000037314373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG3C10 (B) What is near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) propagation? A. Propagation near the MUF B. Short distance MF or HF propagation at high elevation angles C. Long path HF propagation at sunrise and sunset D. Double hop propagation near the LUF share/G/G9C040000664000175000017500000000033714373774111011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9C04 (B) How does antenna gain in dBi compare to gain stated in dBd for the same antenna? A. Gain in dBi is 2.15 dB lower B. Gain in dBi is 2.15 dB higher C. Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd lower D. Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd higher share/G/G3C010000664000175000017500000000021114373774111011162 0ustar jtnjtnG3C01 (A) Which ionospheric region is closest to the surface of Earth? A. The D region B. The E region C. The F1 region D. The F2 region share/G/G0A050000664000175000017500000000070214471701541011162 0ustar jtnjtnG0A05 (A) [97.13(c)(2), 1.1307(b)] What must you do if an evaluation of your station shows that the RF energy radiated by your station exceeds permissible limits for possible human absorption? A. Take action to prevent human exposure to the excessive RF fields B. File an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS-97) with the FCC C. Secure written permission from your neighbors to operate above the controlled MPE limits D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4E090000664000175000017500000000023114373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4E09 (B) What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a fully illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell? A. 0.02 VDC B. 0.5 VDC C. 0.2 VDC D. 1.38 VDC share/G/G1E100000664000175000017500000000061314471701077011170 0ustar jtnjtnG1E10 (A) [97.101] Why should an amateur operator normally avoid transmitting on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24.930 and 28.200 MHz? A. A system of propagation beacon stations operates on those frequencies B. A system of automatic digital stations operates on those frequencies C. These frequencies are set aside for emergency operations D. These frequencies are set aside for bulletins from the FCC share/G/G2C020000664000175000017500000000021714373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG2C02 (A) What should you do if a CW station sends "QRS?" A. Send slower B. Change frequency C. Increase your power D. Repeat everything twice share/G/G2B100000664000175000017500000000046014373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG2B10 (B) Which of the following is good amateur practice for net management? A. Always use multiple sets of phonetics during check-in B. Have a backup frequency in case of interference or poor conditions C. Transmit the full net roster at the beginning of every session D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2D020000664000175000017500000000054514373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG2D02 (D) Which of the following are objectives of the Volunteer Monitor Program? A. To conduct efficient and orderly amateur licensing examinations B. To provide emergency and public safety communications C. To coordinate repeaters for efficient and orderly spectrum usage D. To encourage amateur radio operators to self-regulate and comply with the rules share/G/G2A020000664000175000017500000000027014471702765011172 0ustar jtnjtnG2A02 (B) Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter bands? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G6A120000664000175000017500000000032514373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG6A12 (A) What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube? A. To reduce grid-to-plate capacitance B. To increase efficiency C. To increase the control grid resistance D. To decrease plate resistance share/G/G8A120000664000175000017500000000075214471705424011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8A12 (D) What is QPSK modulation? A. Modulation using quasi-parallel to serial conversion to reduce bandwidth B. Modulation using quadra-pole sideband keying to generate spread spectrum signals C. Modulation using Fast Fourier Transforms to generate frequencies at the first, second, third, and fourth harmonics of the carrier frequency to improve noise immunity D. Modulation in which digital data is transmitted using 0-, 90-, 180- and 270-degrees phase shift to represent pairs of bits share/G/G8A130000664000175000017500000000045414373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8A13 (C) What is a link budget? A. The financial costs associated with operating a radio link B. The sum of antenna gains minus system losses C. The sum of transmit power and antenna gains minus system losses as seen at the receiver D. The difference between transmit power and receiver sensitivity share/G/G2B060000664000175000017500000000104114471703152011163 0ustar jtnjtnG2B06 (A) How can you avoid harmful interference on an apparently clear frequency before calling CQ on CW or phone? A. Send "QRL?" on CW, followed by your call sign; or, if using phone, ask if the frequency is in use, followed by your call sign B. Listen for 2 minutes before calling CQ C. Send the letter "V" in Morse code several times and listen for a response, or say "test" several times and listen for a response D. Send "QSY" on CW or if using phone, announce "the frequency is in use," then give your call sign and listen for a response share/G/G7C060000664000175000017500000000050614471705274011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7C06 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of a digital signal processing (DSP) filter compared to an analog filter? A. A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be created B. Fewer digital components are required C. Mixing products are greatly reduced D. The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequencies share/G/G5A120000664000175000017500000000035214373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG5A12 (D) What occurs in an LC circuit at resonance? A. Current and voltage are equal B. Resistance is cancelled C. The circuit radiates all its energy in the form of radio waves D. Inductive reactance and capacitive reactance cancel share/G/G3C020000664000175000017500000000051114373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG3C02 (A) What is meant by the term "critical frequency" at a given incidence angle? A. The highest frequency which is refracted back to Earth B. The lowest frequency which is refracted back to Earth C. The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio approaches unity D. The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio is 6 dB share/G/G2D090000664000175000017500000000046014373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2D09 (C) Which of the following is required when participating in a contest on HF frequencies? A. Submit a log to the contest sponsor B. Send a QSL card to the stations worked, or QSL via Logbook of The World C. Identify your station according to normal FCC regulations D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2D100000664000175000017500000000027014373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG2D10 (B) What is QRP operation? A. Remote piloted model control B. Low-power transmit operation C. Transmission using Quick Response Protocol D. Traffic relay procedure net operation share/G/G2A080000664000175000017500000000035014373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG2A08 (B) What is the recommended way to break into a phone contact? A. Say "QRZ" several times, followed by your call sign B. Say your call sign once C. Say "Breaker Breaker" D. Say "CQ" followed by the call sign of either station share/G/G7B100000664000175000017500000000044014471705236011172 0ustar jtnjtnG7B10 (B) Which of the following describes a linear amplifier? A. Any RF power amplifier used in conjunction with an amateur transceiver B. An amplifier in which the output preserves the input waveform C. A Class C high efficiency amplifier D. An amplifier used as a frequency multiplier share/G/G6A010000664000175000017500000000024514373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG6A01 (C) What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12-volt leadacid battery? A. 6 volts B. 8.5 volts C. 10.5 volts D. 12 volts share/G/G2E010000664000175000017500000000017514373774111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG2E01 (D) Which mode is normally used when sending RTTY signals via AFSK with an SSB transmitter? A. USB B. DSB C. CW D. LSB share/G/G9B060000664000175000017500000000040414373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG9B06 (C) Where should the radial wires of a ground-mounted vertical antenna system be placed? A. As high as possible above the ground B. Parallel to the antenna element C. On the surface or buried a few inches below the ground D. At the center of the antenna share/G/G7B070000664000175000017500000000041514373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG7B07 (D) Which of the following are basic components of a sine wave oscillator? A. An amplifier and a divider B. A frequency multiplier and a mixer C. A circulator and a filter operating in a feed-forward loop D. A filter and an amplifier operating in a feedback loop share/G/G5B090000664000175000017500000000020114373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG5B09 (B) What is the RMS voltage of a sine wave with a value of 17 volts peak? A. 8.5 volts B. 12 volts C. 24 volts D. 34 volts share/G/G3B100000664000175000017500000000027014471703721011164 0ustar jtnjtnG3B10 (B) What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface normally covered in one hop using the E region? A. 180 miles B. 1,200 miles C. 2,500 miles D. 12,000 miles share/G/G9D020000664000175000017500000000023014373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG9D02 (D) What is the feed point impedance of an end-fed half-wave antenna? A. Very low B. Approximately 50 ohms C. Approximately 300 ohms D. Very high share/G/G8B130000664000175000017500000000024314373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8B13 (C) Which of the following is an odd-order intermodulation product of frequencies F1 and F2? A. 5F1-3F2 B. 3F1-F2 C. 2F1-F2 D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4D030000664000175000017500000000030014373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG4D03 (D) What is the effect of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor? A. Distorted speech B. Excess intermodulation products C. Excessive background noise D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9B070000664000175000017500000000045714471706012011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9B07 (B) How does the feed point impedance of a horizontal 1/2 wave dipole antenna change as the antenna height is reduced to 1/10 wavelength above ground? A. It steadily increases B. It steadily decreases C. It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength above ground D. It is unaffected by the height above ground share/G/G4A100000664000175000017500000000043414471704070011164 0ustar jtnjtnG4A10 (B) What is the function of an electronic keyer? A. Automatic transmit/receive switching B. Automatic generation of dots and dashes for CW operation C. To allow time for switching the antenna from the receiver to the transmitter D. Computer interface for PSK and RTTY operation share/G/G9B020000664000175000017500000000044714471705747011213 0ustar jtnjtnG9B02 (B) Which of the following is a common way to adjust the feed point impedance of an elevated quarter-wave ground-plane vertical antenna to be approximately 50 ohms? A. Slope the radials upward B. Slope the radials downward C. Lengthen the radials beyond one wavelength D. Coil the radials share/G/G9B040000664000175000017500000000055214471705765011212 0ustar jtnjtnG9B04 (A) What is the radiation pattern of a dipole antenna in free space in a plane containing the conductor? A. It is a figure-eight at right angles to the antenna B. It is a figure-eight off both ends of the antenna C. It is a circle (equal radiation in all directions) D. It has a pair of lobes on one side of the antenna and a single lobe on the other side share/G/G2B090000664000175000017500000000064114471703200011165 0ustar jtnjtnG2B09 (A) [97.407(a)] Who may be the control operator of an amateur station transmitting in RACES to assist relief operations during a disaster? A. Only a person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license B. Only a RACES net control operator C. A person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license or an appropriate government official D. Any control operator when normal communication systems are operational share/G/G2A120000664000175000017500000000033114373774111011164 0ustar jtnjtnG2A12 (B) What control is typically adjusted for proper ALC setting on a single sideband transceiver? A. RF clipping level B. Transmit audio or microphone gain C. Antenna inductance or capacitance D. Attenuator level share/G/G8C040000664000175000017500000000035714373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG8C04 (C) Which of the following describes Baudot code? A. A 7-bit code with start, stop, and parity bits B. A code using error detection and correction C. A 5-bit code with additional start and stop bits D. A code using SELCAL and LISTEN share/G/G4B020000664000175000017500000000035214373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG4B02 (D) Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter? A. An oscilloscope uses less power B. Complex impedances can be easily measured C. Greater precision D. Complex waveforms can be measured share/G/G0B090000664000175000017500000000046714373774111011203 0ustar jtnjtnG0B09 (A) Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation? A. The generator should be operated in a well-ventilated area B. The generator must be insulated from ground C. Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergency D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4C110000664000175000017500000000040314471704246011170 0ustar jtnjtnG4C11 (C) What technique helps to minimize RF "hot spots" in an amateur station? A. Building all equipment in a metal enclosure B. Using surge suppressor power outlets C. Bonding all equipment enclosures together D. Placing low-pass filters on all feed lines share/G/G4B090000664000175000017500000000036514373774111011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4B09 (D) When is an analog multimeter preferred to a digital multimeter? A. When testing logic circuits B. When high precision is desired C. When measuring the frequency of an oscillator D. When adjusting circuits for maximum or minimum values share/G/G8C020000664000175000017500000000017614373774111011202 0ustar jtnjtnG8C02 (A) Which digital mode is used as a low-power beacon for assessing HF propagation? A. WSPR B. MFSK16 C. PSK31 D. SSB-SC share/G/G5C050000664000175000017500000000064614471704642011205 0ustar jtnjtnG5C05 (B) Why is the primary winding wire of a voltage step-up transformer usually a larger size than that of the secondary winding? A. To improve the coupling between the primary and secondary B. To accommodate the higher current of the primary C. To prevent parasitic oscillations due to resistive losses in the primary D. To ensure that the volume of the primary winding is equal to the volume of the secondary winding share/G/G7B110000664000175000017500000000024714471705244011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7B11 (B) For which of the following modes is a Class C power stage appropriate for amplifying a modulated signal? A. SSB B. FM C. AM D. All these choices are correct share/G/G3A040000664000175000017500000000037614471703550011175 0ustar jtnjtnG3A04 (D) Which of the following are the least reliable bands for long-distance communications during periods of low solar activity? A. 80 meters and 160 meters B. 60 meters and 40 meters C. 30 meters and 20 meters D. 15 meters, 12 meters, and 10 meters share/G/G5C090000664000175000017500000000025014373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG5C09 (C) What is the capacitance of three 100-microfarad capacitors connected in series? A. 0.33 microfarads B. 3.0 microfarads C. 33.3 microfarads D. 300 microfarads share/G/G4C070000664000175000017500000000053514373774111011202 0ustar jtnjtnG4C07 (A) Why should soldered joints not be used in lightning protection ground connections? A. A soldered joint will likely be destroyed by the heat of a lightning strike B. Solder flux will prevent a low conductivity connection C. Solder has too high a dielectric constant to provide adequate lightning protection D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9D010000664000175000017500000000075514471701136011202 0ustar jtnjtnG9D01 (A) Which of the following antenna types will be most effective as a near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) antenna for short-skip communications on 40 meters during the day? A. A horizontal dipole placed between 1/10 and 1/4 wavelength above the ground B. A vertical antenna placed between 1/4 and 1/2 wavelength above the ground C. A horizontal dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground D. A vertical dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground share/G/G3B050000664000175000017500000000045414471703671011200 0ustar jtnjtnG3B05 (A) How does the ionosphere affect radio waves with frequencies below the MUF and above the LUF? A. They are refracted back to Earth B. They pass through the ionosphere C. They are amplified by interaction with the ionosphere D. They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth share/G/G4B050000664000175000017500000000037114373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4B05 (D) Why do voltmeters have high input impedance? A. It improves the frequency response B. It allows for higher voltages to be safely measured C. It improves the resolution of the readings D. It decreases the loading on circuits being measured share/G/G1B030000664000175000017500000000046114471702161011163 0ustar jtnjtnG1B03 (A) [97.3(a)(9)] Which of the following is a purpose of a beacon station as identified in the FCC rules? A. Observation of propagation and reception B. Automatic identification of repeaters C. Transmission of bulletins of general interest to amateur radio licensees D. All these choices are correct share/G/G0A010000664000175000017500000000032614373774111011164 0ustar jtnjtnG0A01 (A) What is one way that RF energy can affect human body tissue? A. It heats body tissue B. It causes radiation poisoning C. It causes the blood count to reach a dangerously low level D. It cools body tissue share/G/G4D110000664000175000017500000000050014471704343011165 0ustar jtnjtnG4D11 (B) How close to the upper edge of a band's phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide USB? A. At least 3 kHz above the edge of the band B. At least 3 kHz below the edge of the band C. At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment D. At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment share/G/G2B050000664000175000017500000000035314471703127011171 0ustar jtnjtnG2B05 (C) When selecting an SSB transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? A. 5 Hz to 50 Hz B. 150 Hz to 500 Hz C. 2 kHz to 3 kHz D. Approximately 6 kHz share/G/G2B040000664000175000017500000000037014471703120011160 0ustar jtnjtnG2B04 (B) When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum separation from other stations should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? A. 5 Hz to 50 Hz B. 150 Hz to 500 Hz C. 1 kHz to 3 kHz D. 3 kHz to 6 kHz share/G/G5B060000664000175000017500000000021714471704550011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5B06 (B) What is the PEP produced by 200 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm dummy load? A. 1.4 watts B. 100 watts C. 353.5 watts D. 400 watts share/G/G9A090000664000175000017500000000020714471706354011206 0ustar jtnjtnG9A09 (A) What standing wave ratio results from connecting a 50-ohm feed line to a 200-ohm resistive load? A. 4:1 B. 1:4 C. 2:1 D. 1:2 share/G/G8C120000664000175000017500000000017614373774111011203 0ustar jtnjtnG8C12 (A) Which type of code is used for sending characters in a PSK31 signal? A. Varicode B. Viterbi C. Volumetric D. Binary share/G/G6B120000664000175000017500000000023714471705116011174 0ustar jtnjtnG6B12 (C) Which of these connector types is commonly used for low frequency or dc signal connections to a transceiver? A. PL-259 B. BNC C. RCA Phono D. Type N share/G/G2C090000664000175000017500000000024014373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2C09 (C) What does the Q signal "QSL" mean? A. Send slower B. We have already confirmed the contact C. I have received and understood D. We have worked before share/G/G0A090000664000175000017500000000051314373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG0A09 (B) What type of instrument can be used to accurately measure an RF field strength? A. A receiver with digital signal processing (DSP) noise reduction B. A calibrated field strength meter with a calibrated antenna C. An SWR meter with a peak-reading function D. An oscilloscope with a high-stability crystal marker generator share/G/G2E120000664000175000017500000000036114373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2E12 (D) Which of the following describes Winlink? A. An amateur radio wireless network to send and receive email on the internet B. A form of Packet Radio C. A wireless network capable of both VHF and HF band operation D. All of the above share/G/G2E020000664000175000017500000000037214373774111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG2E02 (B) What is VARA? A. A low signal-to-noise digital mode used for EME (moonbounce) B. A digital protocol used with Winlink C. A radio direction finding system used on VHF and UHF D.A DX spotting system using a network of software defined radios share/G/G1B060000664000175000017500000000123114471702225011163 0ustar jtnjtnG1B06 (D) [97.15(b), PRB-1, 101 FCC 2d 952 (1985)] Under what conditions are state and local governments permitted to regulate amateur radio antenna structures? A. Under no circumstances, FCC rules take priority B. At any time and to any extent necessary to accomplish a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity, provided that proper filings are made with the FCC C. Only when such structures exceed 50 feet in height and are clearly visible 1,000 feet from the structure D. Amateur Service communications must be reasonably accommodated, and regulations must constitute the minimum practical to accommodate a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity share/G/G9B080000664000175000017500000000043514471706024011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9B08 (A) How does the feed point impedance of a 1/2 wave dipole change as the feed point is moved from the center toward the ends? A. It steadily increases B. It steadily decreases C. It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength from the end D. It is unaffected by the location of the feed point share/G/G4C020000664000175000017500000000051214373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG4C02 (C) Which of the following could be a cause of interference covering a wide range of frequencies? A. Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennas B. Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in power conductors C. Arcing at a poor electrical connection D. Using a balun to feed an unbalanced antenna share/G/G1B010000664000175000017500000000035414471702135011163 0ustar jtnjtnG1B01 (C) [97.15(a)] What is the maximum height above ground for an antenna structure not near a public use airport without requiring notification to the FAA and registration with the FCC? A. 50 feet B. 100 feet C. 200 feet D. 250 feet share/G/G5C110000664000175000017500000000031714471704750011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C11 (C) What is the inductance of a circuit with a 20-millihenry inductor connected in series with a 50 millihenry inductor? A. 7 millihenries B. 14.3 millihenries C. 70 millihenries D. 1,000 millihenries share/G/G4C090000664000175000017500000000042014373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4C09 (D) How can the effects of ground loops be minimized? A. Connect all ground conductors in series B. Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire C. Avoid using lock washers and star washers when making ground connections D. Bond equipment enclosures together share/G/G2B070000664000175000017500000000054014471703161011167 0ustar jtnjtnG2B07 (C) Which of the following complies with commonly accepted amateur practice when choosing a frequency on which to initiate a call? A. Listen on the frequency for at least two minutes to be sure it is clear B. Identify your station by transmitting your call sign at least 3 times C. Follow the voluntary band plan D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1B110000664000175000017500000000037114471702312011160 0ustar jtnjtnG1B11 (A) [97.101(a)] Who or what determines "good engineering and good amateur practice," as applied to the operation of an amateur station in all respects not covered by the Part 97 rules? A. The FCC B. The control operator C. The IEEE D. The ITU share/G/G8C060000664000175000017500000000042214471705575011207 0ustar jtnjtnG8C06 (B) What action results from a failure to exchange information due to excessive transmission attempts when using an ARQ mode? A. The checksum overflows B. The connection is dropped C. Packets will be routed incorrectly D. Encoding reverts to the default character set share/G/G2A060000664000175000017500000000054214471703015011165 0ustar jtnjtnG2A06 (D) Which of the following is an advantage of using single sideband, as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands? A. Very high-fidelity voice modulation B. Less subject to interference from atmospheric static crashes C. Ease of tuning on receive and immunity to impulse noise D. Less bandwidth used and greater power efficiency share/G/G1A080000664000175000017500000000041114373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG1A08 (B) [97.301(b)] Which HF bands have segments exclusively allocated to Amateur Extra licensees? A. All HF bands B. 80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters C. All HF bands except 160 meters and 10 meters D. 60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters share/G/G7B030000664000175000017500000000043414373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG7B03 (B) Which of the following describes the function of a two-input AND gate? A. Output is high when either or both inputs are low B. Output is high only when both inputs are high C. Output is low when either or both inputs are high D. Output is low only when both inputs are high share/G/G9A030000664000175000017500000000021114373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG9A03 (D) What is the nominal characteristic impedance of "window line" transmission line? A. 50 ohms B. 75 ohms C. 100 ohms D. 450 ohms share/G/G2E130000664000175000017500000000020614373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG2E13 (B) What is another name for a Winlink Remote Message Server? A. Terminal Node Controller B. Gateway C. RJ-45 D. Printer/Server share/G/G4B030000664000175000017500000000030714471704111011162 0ustar jtnjtnG4B03 (A) Which of the following is the best instrument to use for checking the keying waveform of a CW transmitter? A. An oscilloscope B. A field strength meter C. A sidetone monitor D. A wavemeter share/G/G7A090000664000175000017500000000017414373774111011204 0ustar jtnjtnG7A09 (C) Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a field effect transistor? A. Symbol 2 B. Symbol 5 C. Symbol 1 D. Symbol 4 share/G/G6B010000664000175000017500000000033414373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG6B01 (C) What determines the performance of a ferrite core at different frequencies? A. Its conductivity B. Its thickness C. The composition, or "mix," of materials used D. The ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter share/G/G0B070000664000175000017500000000055014471701736011174 0ustar jtnjtnG0B07 (B) Which of these choices should be observed when climbing a tower using a safety harness? A. Always hold on to the tower with one hand B. Confirm that the harness is rated for the weight of the climber and that it is within its allowable service life C. Ensure that all heavy tools are securely fastened to the harness D. All these choices are correct share/G/G8C010000664000175000017500000000020214373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG8C01 (C) On what band do amateurs share channels with the unlicensed Wi-Fi service? A. 432 MHz B. 902 MHz C. 2.4 GHz D. 10.7 GHz share/G/G1E070000664000175000017500000000031614471702701011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1E07 (D) [97.111] In what part of the 2.4 GHz band may an amateur station communicate with non-licensed Wi-Fi stations? A. Anywhere in the band B. Channels 1 through 4 C. Channels 42 through 45 D. No part share/G/G7C030000664000175000017500000000042114373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG7C03 (B) What is one reason to use an impedance matching transformer at a transmitter output? A. To minimize transmitter power output B. To present the desired impedance to the transmitter and feed line C. To reduce power supply ripple D. To minimize radiation resistance share/G/G9C030000664000175000017500000000047414471706061011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9C03 (A) How do the lengths of a three-element Yagi reflector and director compare to that of the driven element? A. The reflector is longer, and the director is shorter B. The reflector is shorter, and the director is longer C. They are all the same length D. Relative length depends on the frequency of operation share/G/G4E110000664000175000017500000000044114471704430011167 0ustar jtnjtnG4E11 (D) What precaution should be taken when connecting a solar panel to a lithium iron phosphate battery? A. Ground the solar panel outer metal framework B. Ensure the battery is placed terminals-up C. A series resistor must be in place D. The solar panel must have a charge controller share/G/G8A010000664000175000017500000000052614373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8A01 (B) How is direct binary FSK modulation generated? A. By keying an FM transmitter with a sub-audible tone B. By changing an oscillator's frequency directly with a digital control signal C. By using a transceiver's computer data interface protocol to change frequencies D. By reconfiguring the CW keying input to act as a tone generator share/G/G0B080000664000175000017500000000050214373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG0B08 (B) What should be done before climbing a tower that supports electrically powered devices? A. Notify the electric company that a person will be working on the tower B. Make sure all circuits that supply power to the tower are locked out and tagged C. Unground the base of the tower D. All these choices are correct share/G/G3A130000664000175000017500000000040714373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG3A13 (C) What does the A-index measure? A. The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the Sun B. The amount of polarization of the Sun's electric field C. The long-term stability of Earth's geomagnetic field D. The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado share/G/G9D030000664000175000017500000000035014373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG9D03 (C) In which direction is the maximum radiation from a VHF/UHF "halo" antenna? A. Broadside to the plane of the halo B. Opposite the feed point C. Omnidirectional in the plane of the halo D. On the same side as the feed point share/G/G8A110000664000175000017500000000043014471705406011171 0ustar jtnjtnG8A11 (A) What is the modulation envelope of an AM signal? A. The waveform created by connecting the peak values of the modulated signal B. The carrier frequency that contains the signal C. Spurious signals that envelop nearby frequencies D. The bandwidth of the modulated signal share/G/G7C070000664000175000017500000000020614373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG7C07 (A) What term specifies a filter's attenuation inside its passband? A. Insertion loss B. Return loss C. Q D. Ultimate rejection share/G/G8B060000664000175000017500000000023614471705505011202 0ustar jtnjtnG8B06 (D) What is the total bandwidth of an FM phone transmission having 5 kHz deviation and 3 kHz modulating frequency? A. 3 kHz B. 5 kHz C. 8 kHz D. 16 kHz share/G/G4E070000664000175000017500000000034214471704406011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4E07 (D) Which of the following may cause receive interference to an HF transceiver installed in a vehicle? A. The battery charging system B. The fuel delivery system C. The control computers D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2B020000664000175000017500000000060414471703076011170 0ustar jtnjtnG2B02 (B) What is the first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress break in? A. Inform your local emergency coordinator B. Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed C. Immediately decrease power to avoid interfering with the station in distress D. Immediately cease all transmissions share/G/G7A110000664000175000017500000000017614373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7A11 (B) Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents an NPN junction transistor? A. Symbol 1 B. Symbol 2 C. Symbol 7 D. Symbol 11 share/G/G8C110000664000175000017500000000024314373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG8C11 (D) How are the two separate frequencies of a Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) signal identified? A. Dot and dash B. On and off C. High and low D. Mark and space share/G/G4A030000664000175000017500000000033514373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG4A03 (C) How does a noise blanker work? A. By temporarily increasing received bandwidth B. By redirecting noise pulses into a filter capacitor C. By reducing receiver gain during a noise pulse D. By clipping noise peaks share/G/G1C080000664000175000017500000000027714471702376011206 0ustar jtnjtnG1C08 (D) [97.307(f)(3)] What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmitted at frequencies below 28 MHz? A. 56 kilobaud B. 19.6 kilobaud C. 1200 baud D. 300 baud share/G/G2E080000664000175000017500000000045714373774111011206 0ustar jtnjtnG2E08 (D) In what segment of the 20-meter band are most digital mode operations commonly found? A. At the bottom of the slow-scan TV segment, near 14.230 MHz B. At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz C. In the middle of the CW segment, near 14.100 MHz D. Between 14.070 MHz and 14.100 MHz share/G/G4B010000664000175000017500000000024114373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG4B01 (D) What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers? A. An ohmmeter B. A signal generator C. An ammeter D. An oscilloscope share/G/G5B020000664000175000017500000000053214373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG5B02 (C) How does the total current relate to the individual currents in a circuit of parallel resistors? A. It equals the average of the branch currents B. It decreases as more parallel branches are added to the circuit C. It equals the sum of the currents through each branch D. It is the sum of the reciprocal of each individual voltage drop share/G/G1A030000664000175000017500000000021214373774111011161 0ustar jtnjtnG1A03 (B) [97.305] On which of the following bands is image transmission prohibited? A. 160 meters B. 30 meters C. 20 meters D. 12 meters share/G/G8B040000664000175000017500000000033014471705472011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8B04 (D) What is the stage in a VHF FM transmitter that generates a harmonic of a lower frequency signal to reach the desired operating frequency? A. Mixer B. Reactance modulator C. Balanced converter D. Multiplier share/G/G6B070000664000175000017500000000036614373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG6B07 (A) Which of the following describes a type N connector? A. A moisture-resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz B. A small bayonet connector used for data circuits C. A low noise figure VHF connector D. A nickel plated version of the PL-259 share/G/G1A110000664000175000017500000000071214471702127011162 0ustar jtnjtnG1A11 (B) [97.301] When General class licensees are not permitted to use the entire voice portion of a band, which portion of the voice segment is available to them? A. The lower frequency portion B. The upper frequency portion C. The lower frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the upper portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz D. The upper frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the lower portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz share/G/G7B090000664000175000017500000000034614373774111011206 0ustar jtnjtnG7B09 (C) What determines the frequency of an LC oscillator? A. The number of stages in the counter B. The number of stages in the divider C. The inductance and capacitance in the tank circuit D. The time delay of the lag circuit share/G/G9A100000664000175000017500000000020614471705735011177 0ustar jtnjtnG9A10 (D) What standing wave ratio results from connecting a 50-ohm feed line to a 10-ohm resistive load? A. 2:1 B. 1:2 C. 1:5 D. 5:1 share/G/G3C050000664000175000017500000000056014471703760011176 0ustar jtnjtnG3C05 (C) Why is long-distance communication on the 40-, 60-, 80-, and 160-meter bands more difficult during the day? A. The F region absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours B. The F region is unstable during daylight hours C. The D region absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours D. The E region is unstable during daylight hours share/G/G8A080000664000175000017500000000023314373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG8A08 (D) Which of the following is an effect of overmodulation? A. Insufficient audio B. Insufficient bandwidth C. Frequency drift D. Excessive bandwidth share/G/G5B130000664000175000017500000000022614373774111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG5B13 (B) What is the output PEP of an unmodulated carrier if the average power is 1060 watts? A. 530 watts B. 1060 watts C. 1500 watts D. 2120 watts share/G/G6A100000664000175000017500000000025314373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG6A10 (A) Which element of a vacuum tube regulates the flow of electrons between cathode and plate? A. Control grid B. Suppressor grid C. Screen grid D. Trigger electrode share/G/G0A020000664000175000017500000000026614373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG0A02 (D) Which of the following is used to determine RF exposure from a transmitted signal? A. Its duty cycle B. Its frequency C. Its power density D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4B120000664000175000017500000000053314471704162011171 0ustar jtnjtnG4B12 (B) What effect can strong signals from nearby transmitters have on an antenna analyzer? A. Desensitization which can cause intermodulation products which interfere with impedance readings B. Received power that interferes with SWR readings C. Generation of harmonics which interfere with frequency readings D. All these choices are correct share/G/G8A140000664000175000017500000000037314471705436011205 0ustar jtnjtnG8A14 (B) What is link margin? A. The opposite of fade margin B. The difference between received power level and minimum required signal level at the input to the receiver C. Transmit power minus receiver sensitivity D. Receiver sensitivity plus 3 dB share/G/G9D120000664000175000017500000000017514373774111011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9D12 (A) What is the common name of a dipole with a single central support? A. Inverted V B. Inverted L C. Sloper D. Lazy H share/G/G8C100000664000175000017500000000045714471705614011204 0ustar jtnjtnG8C10 (C) How does forward error correction (FEC) allow the receiver to correct data errors? A. By controlling transmitter output power for optimum signal strength B. By using the Varicode character set C. By transmitting redundant information with the data D. By using a parity bit with each character share/G/G7A050000664000175000017500000000021714373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG7A05 (B) What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a half-wave rectifier? A. 90 degrees B. 180 degrees C. 270 degrees D. 360 degrees share/G/G5C070000664000175000017500000000024214471704703011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C07 (A) What transformer turns ratio matches an antenna's 600-ohm feed point impedance to a 50-ohm coaxial cable? A. 3.5 to 1 B. 12 to 1 C. 24 to 1 D. 144 to 1 share/G/G1D100000664000175000017500000000025714471702551011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1D10 (B) [97.509(b)(2)] What is the minimum age that one must be to qualify as an accredited Volunteer Examiner? A. 16 years B. 18 years C. 21 years D. There is no age limit share/G/G7A040000664000175000017500000000043614373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG7A04 (A) What is characteristic of a half-wave rectifier in a power supply? A. Only one diode is required B. The ripple frequency is twice that of a full-wave rectifier C. More current can be drawn from the half-wave rectifier D. The output voltage is two times the peak input voltage share/G/G1C060000664000175000017500000000026314373774111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG1C06 (D) [97.313] What is the limit for transmitter power on the 1.8 MHz band? A. 200 watts PEP output B. 1000 watts PEP output C. 1200 watts PEP output D. 1500 watts PEP output share/G/G1D030000664000175000017500000000104214471702464011167 0ustar jtnjtnG1D03 (C) [97.9(b)] On which of the following band segments may you operate if you are a Technician class operator and have an unexpired Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General class privileges? A. Only the Technician band segments until your upgrade is posted in the FCC database B. Only on the Technician band segments until you have a receipt for the FCC application fee payment C. On any General or Technician class band segment D. On any General or Technician class band segment except 30 meters and 60 meters share/G/G9C120000664000175000017500000000045514471706140011200 0ustar jtnjtnG9C12 (A) Which of the following is a characteristic of using a gamma match with a Yagi antenna? A. It does not require the driven element to be insulated from the boom B. It does not require any inductors or capacitors C. It is useful for matching multiband antennas D. All these choices are correct share/G/G8A040000664000175000017500000000030414471705354011175 0ustar jtnjtnG8A04 (B) What emission is produced by a reactance modulator connected to a transmitter RF amplifier stage? A. Multiplex modulation B. Phase modulation C. Amplitude modulation D. Pulse modulation share/G/G2D030000664000175000017500000000066614471703325011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2D03 (B) What procedure may be used by Volunteer Monitors to localize a station whose continuous carrier is holding a repeater on in their area? A. Compare vertical and horizontal signal strengths on the input frequency B. Compare beam headings on the repeater input from their home locations with that of other Volunteer Monitors C. Compare signal strengths between the input and output of the repeater D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1E090000664000175000017500000000044714471702715011205 0ustar jtnjtnG1E09 (A) [97.115] Under what circumstances are messages that are sent via digital modes exempt from Part 97 third-party rules that apply to other modes of communication? A. Under no circumstances B. When messages are encrypted C. When messages are not encrypted D. When under automatic control share/G/G9C080000664000175000017500000000050514373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG9C08 (D) What is meant by the "main lobe" of a directive antenna? A. The magnitude of the maximum vertical angle of radiation B. The point of maximum current in a radiating antenna element C. The maximum voltage standing wave point on a radiating element D. The direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna share/G/G4B130000664000175000017500000000032214471704172011167 0ustar jtnjtnG4B13 (C) Which of the following can be measured with an antenna analyzer? A. Front-to-back ratio of an antenna B. Power output from a transmitter C. Impedance of coaxial cable D. Gain of a directional antenna share/G/G0A070000664000175000017500000000055514373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG0A07 (A) What is the effect of modulation duty cycle on RF exposure? A. A lower duty cycle permits greater power levels to be transmitted B. A higher duty cycle permits greater power levels to be transmitted C. Low duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure evaluation requirements D. High duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure requirements share/G/G5C120000664000175000017500000000030214471704755011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C12 (B) What is the capacitance of a 20-microfarad capacitor connected in series with a 50-microfarad capacitor? A. 0.07 microfarads B. 14.3 microfarads C. 70 microfarads D. 1,000 microfarads share/G/G0B040000664000175000017500000000034414373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG0B04 (B) Where should the station's lightning protection ground system be located? A. As close to the station equipment as possible B. Outside the building C. Next to the closest power pole D. Parallel to the water supply line share/G/G4A120000664000175000017500000000056714373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4A12 (C) Which of the following is a common use of the dual-VFO feature on a transceiver? A. To allow transmitting on two frequencies at once B. To permit full duplex operation -- that is, transmitting and receiving at the same time C. To transmit on one frequency and listen on another D. To improve frequency accuracy by allowing variable frequency output (VFO) operation share/G/G7A100000664000175000017500000000016114373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG7A10 (D) Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a Zener diode? A. Symbol 4 B. Symbol 1 C. Symbol 11 D. Symbol 5 share/G/G1C020000664000175000017500000000040114373774111011162 0ustar jtnjtnG1C02 (C) [97.313] What is the maximum transmitter power an amateur station may use on the 12-meter band? A. 50 watts PEP output B. 200 watts PEP output C. 1500 watts PEP output D. An effective radiated power equivalent to 100 watts from a half-wave dipole share/G/G2E030000664000175000017500000000040414373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG2E03 (D) What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or VARA transmission? A. Frequent retries or timeouts B. Long pauses in message transmission C. Failure to establish a connection between stations D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9A070000664000175000017500000000062414471705703011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9A07 (D) What must be done to prevent standing waves on a feed line connected to an antenna? A. The antenna feed point must be at DC ground potential B. The feed line must be an odd number of electrical quarter wavelengths long C. The feed line must be an even number of physical half wavelengths long D. The antenna feed point impedance must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the feed line share/G/G0A040000664000175000017500000000053114373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG0A04 (D) What does "time averaging" mean when evaluating RF radiation exposure? A. The average amount of power developed by the transmitter over a specific 24-hour period B. The average time it takes RF radiation to have any long-term effect on the body C. The total time of the exposure D. The total RF exposure averaged over a certain period share/G/G1C010000664000175000017500000000031414471702324011160 0ustar jtnjtnG1C01 (A) [97.313(c)(1)] What is the maximum transmitter power an amateur station may use on 10.140 MHz? A. 200 watts PEP output B. 1000 watts PEP output C. 1500 watts PEP output D. 2000 watts PEP output share/G/G5B050000664000175000017500000000034114471704540011171 0ustar jtnjtnG5B05 (A) How many watts are consumed when a current of 7.0 milliamperes flows through a 1,250-ohm resistance? A. Approximately 61 milliwatts B. Approximately 61 watts C. Approximately 11 milliwatts D. Approximately 11 watts share/G/G4A070000664000175000017500000000037714373774111011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4A07 (A) What happens as a receiver's noise reduction control level is increased? A. Received signals may become distorted B. Received frequency may become unstable C. CW signals may become severely attenuated D. Received frequency may shift several kHz share/G/G2E060000664000175000017500000000020514373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2E06 (B) What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands? A. 85 Hz B. 170 Hz C. 425 Hz D. 850 Hz share/G/G1C050000664000175000017500000000032714471702360011170 0ustar jtnjtnG1C05 (C) [97.313] What is the limit for transmitter power on the 28 MHz band for a General Class control operator? A. 100 watts PEP output B. 1000 watts PEP output C. 1500 watts PEP output D. 2000 watts PEP output share/G/G9C100000664000175000017500000000043414471706116011176 0ustar jtnjtnG9C10 (D) Which of the following can be adjusted to optimize forward gain, front-to-back ratio, or SWR bandwidth of a Yagi antenna? A. The physical length of the boom B. The number of elements on the boom C. The spacing of each element along the boom D. All these choices are correct share/G/G6B110000664000175000017500000000041014373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG6B11 (B) What is an SMA connector? A. A type-S to type-M adaptor B. A small threaded connector suitable for signals up to several GHz C. A connector designed for serial multiple access signals D. A type of push-on connector intended for high-voltage applications share/G/G4E050000664000175000017500000000040514373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG4E05 (C) Which of the following most limits an HF mobile installation? A. "Picket fencing" B. The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceiver C. Efficiency of the electrically short antenna D. FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75-meter band share/G/G3B010000664000175000017500000000047214373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG3B01 (D) What is a characteristic of skywave signals arriving at your location by both short-path and longpath propagation? A. Periodic fading approximately every 10 seconds B. Signal strength increased by 3 dB C. The signal might be cancelled causing severe attenuation D. A slightly delayed echo might be heard share/G/G5C040000664000175000017500000000021714373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C04 (D) What is the approximate total resistance of a 100- and a 200-ohm resistor in parallel? A. 300 ohms B. 150 ohms C. 75 ohms D. 67 ohms share/G/G4C080000664000175000017500000000056014471704232011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4C08 (A) Which of the following would reduce RF interference caused by common-mode current on an audio cable? A. Place a ferrite choke on the cable B. Connect the center conductor to the shield of all cables to short circuit the RFI signal C. Ground the center conductor of the audio cable causing the interference D. Add an additional insulating jacket to the cable share/G/G1A100000664000175000017500000000034214373774111011163 0ustar jtnjtnG1A10 (D) [97.205(b)] What portion of the 10-meter band is available for repeater use? A. The entire band B. The portion between 28.1 MHz and 28.2 MHz C. The portion between 28.3 MHz and 28.5 MHz D. The portion above 29.5 MHz share/G/G1A090000664000175000017500000000024714373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1A09 (C) [97.301(d)] Which of the following frequencies is within the General class portion of the 15-meter band? A. 14250 kHz B. 18155 kHz C. 21300 kHz D. 24900 kHz share/G/G8A090000664000175000017500000000025514373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG8A09 (A) What type of modulation is used by FT8? A. 8-tone frequency shift keying B. Vestigial sideband C. Amplitude compressed AM D. 8-bit direct sequence spread spectrum share/G/G3C030000664000175000017500000000035014373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG3C03 (C) Why is skip propagation via the F2 region longer than that via the other ionospheric regions? A. Because it is the densest B. Because of the Doppler effect C. Because it is the highest D. Because of temperature inversions share/G/G9B110000664000175000017500000000021014373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG9B11 (C) What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 3.550 MHz? A. 42 feet B. 84 feet C. 132 feet D. 263 feet share/G/G7C120000664000175000017500000000027714471705324011203 0ustar jtnjtnG7C12 (C) What is the frequency above which a low-pass filter's output power is less than half the input power? A. Notch frequency B. Neper frequency C. Cutoff frequency D. Rolloff frequency share/G/G0A060000664000175000017500000000061214471701560011164 0ustar jtnjtnG0A06 (A) [97.13(c)(2), 1.1307(1)(b)(3)(i)] What must you do if your station fails to meet the FCC RF exposure exemption criteria? A. Perform an RF Exposure Evaluation in accordance with FCC OET Bulletin 65 B. Contact the FCC for permission to transmit C. Perform an RF exposure evaluation in accordance with World Meteorological Organization guidelines D. Use an FCC-approved band-pass filter share/G/G7C080000664000175000017500000000026014373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG7C08 (D) Which parameter affects receiver sensitivity? A. Input amplifier gain B. Demodulator stage bandwidth C. Input amplifier noise figure D. All these choices are correct share/G/G5C010000664000175000017500000000037614471704611011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C01 (C) What causes a voltage to appear across the secondary winding of a transformer when an AC voltage source is connected across its primary winding? A. Capacitive coupling B. Displacement current coupling C. Mutual inductance D. Mutual capacitance share/G/G8C080000664000175000017500000000051714373774111011207 0ustar jtnjtnG8C08 (B) Which of the following statements is true about PSK31? A. Upper case letters are sent with more power B. Upper case letters use longer Varicode bit sequences and thus slow down transmission C. Error correction is used to ensure accurate message reception D. Higher power is needed as compared to RTTY for similar error rates share/G/G2C100000664000175000017500000000020314373774111011162 0ustar jtnjtnG2C10 (D) What does the Q signal "QRN" mean? A. Send more slowly B. Stop sending C. Zero beat my signal D. I am troubled by static share/G/G5A070000664000175000017500000000016314373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG5A07 (D) What is the term for the inverse of impedance? A. Conductance B. Susceptance C. Reluctance D. Admittance share/G/G2C070000664000175000017500000000030614471703251011170 0ustar jtnjtnG2C07 (A) When sending CW, what does a "C" mean when added to the RST report? A. Chirpy or unstable signal B. Report was read from an S meter rather than estimated C. 100 percent copy D. Key clicks share/G/G5B140000664000175000017500000000021014373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG5B14 (B) What is the output PEP of 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm load? A. 8.75 watts B. 625 watts C. 2500 watts D. 5000 watts share/G/G9C020000664000175000017500000000023014373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG9C02 (B) What is the approximate length of the driven element of a Yagi antenna? A. 1/4 wavelength B. 1/2 wavelength C. 3/4 wavelength D. 1 wavelength share/G/G5A100000664000175000017500000000030514373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG5A10 (D) Which of the following devices can be used for impedance matching at radio frequencies? A. A transformer B. A Pi-network C. A length of transmission line D. All these choices are correct share/G/G3A020000664000175000017500000000060014471703532011161 0ustar jtnjtnG3A02 (B) What effect does a sudden ionospheric disturbance have on the daytime ionospheric propagation? A. It enhances propagation on all HF frequencies B. It disrupts signals on lower frequencies more than those on higher frequencies C. It disrupts communications via satellite more than direct communications D. None, because only areas on the night side of the Earth are affected share/G/G0A080000664000175000017500000000064714471701604011175 0ustar jtnjtnG0A08 (C) [97.13(c)(2)] Which of the following steps must an amateur operator take to ensure compliance with RF safety regulations? A. Post a copy of FCC Part 97.13 in the station B. Notify neighbors within a 100-foot radius of the antenna of the existence of the station and power levels C. Perform a routine RF exposure evaluation and prevent access to any identified high exposure areas D. All these choices are correct share/G/G3A100000664000175000017500000000044114373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG3A10 (C) What causes HF propagation conditions to vary periodically in a 26- to 28-day cycle? A. Long term oscillations in the upper atmosphere B. Cyclic variation in Earth's radiation belts C. Rotation of the Sun's surface layers around its axis D. The position of the Moon in its orbit share/G/G2B080000664000175000017500000000052614471703167011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2B08 (A) What is the voluntary band plan restriction for US stations transmitting within the 48 contiguous states in the 50.1 MHz to 50.125 MHz band segment? A. Only contacts with stations not within the 48 contiguous states B. Only contacts with other stations within the 48 contiguous states C. Only digital contacts D. Only SSTV contacts share/G/G2D070000664000175000017500000000031314373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2D07 (D) Which of the following are examples of the NATO Phonetic Alphabet? A. Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog B. Adam, Boy, Charles, David C. America, Boston, Canada, Denmark D. Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta share/G/G2A110000664000175000017500000000034714373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG2A11 (C) Generally, who should respond to a station in the contiguous 48 states calling "CQ DX"? A. Any caller is welcome to respond B. Only stations in Germany C. Any stations outside the lower 48 states D. Only contest stations share/G/G3A110000664000175000017500000000024214471703613011163 0ustar jtnjtnG3A11 (D) How long does it take a coronal mass ejection to affect radio propagation on Earth? A. 28 days B. 14 days C. 4 to 8 minutes D. 15 hours to several days share/G/G4E030000664000175000017500000000057414471704362011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4E03 (A) Which of the following direct, fused power connections would be the best for a 100-watt HF mobile installation? A. To the battery using heavy-gauge wire B. To the alternator or generator using heavy-gauge wire C. To the battery using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line D. To the alternator or generator using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line share/G/G1C110000664000175000017500000000033114373774111011164 0ustar jtnjtnG1C11 (D) [97.313] What measurement is specified by FCC rules that regulate maximum power? A. RMS output from the transmitter B. RMS input to the antenna C. PEP input to the antenna D. PEP output from the transmitter share/G/G9D100000664000175000017500000000045414471706177011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9D10 (B) In which direction or directions does an electrically small loop (less than 1/10 wavelength in circumference) have nulls in its radiation pattern? A. In the plane of the loop B. Broadside to the loop C. Broadside and in the plane of the loop D. Electrically small loops are omnidirectional share/G/G8B110000664000175000017500000000027714471705535011206 0ustar jtnjtnG8B11 (C) What combination of a mixer's Local Oscillator (LO) and RF input frequencies is found in the output? A. The ratio B. The average C. The sum and difference D. The arithmetic product share/G/G0B010000664000175000017500000000030714471701656011167 0ustar jtnjtnG0B01 (A) Which wire or wires in a four-conductor 240 VAC circuit should be attached to fuses or circuit breakers? A. Only the hot wires B. Only the neutral wire C. Only the ground wire D. All wires share/G/G4A080000664000175000017500000000053014471704047011174 0ustar jtnjtnG4A08 (D) What is the correct adjustment for the LOAD or COUPLING control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier? A. Minimum SWR on the antenna B. Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid current C. Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid current D. Desired power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current share/G/G7C010000664000175000017500000000023114373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG7C01 (B) What circuit is used to select one of the sidebands from a balanced modulator? A. Carrier oscillator B. Filter C. IF amplifier D. RF amplifier share/G/G9B050000664000175000017500000000072614471706002011177 0ustar jtnjtnG9B05 (C) How does antenna height affect the azimuthal radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna at elevation angles higher than about 45 degrees? A. If the antenna is too high, the pattern becomes unpredictable B. Antenna height has no effect on the pattern C. If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, the azimuthal pattern is almost omnidirectional D. If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated share/G/G2E050000664000175000017500000000017714373774111011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2E05 (B) What is the standard sideband for JT65, JT9, FT4, or FT8 digital signal when using AFSK? A. LSB B. USB C. DSB D. SSB share/G/G3B060000664000175000017500000000042114373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG3B06 (C) What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the LUF? A. They are refracted back to Earth B. They pass through the ionosphere C. They are attenuated before reaching the destination D. They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth share/G/G2E040000664000175000017500000000062114471703426011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2E04 (D) Which of the following is good practice when choosing a transmitting frequency to answer a station calling CQ using FT8? A. Always call on the station's frequency B. Call on any frequency in the waterfall except the station's frequency C. Find a clear frequency during the same time slot as the calling station D. Find a clear frequency during the alternate time slot to the calling station share/G/G8B050000664000175000017500000000023314373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8B05 (C) Which intermodulation products are closest to the original signal frequencies? A. Second harmonics B. Even-order C. Odd-order D. Intercept point share/G/G9D060000664000175000017500000000027714373774111011212 0ustar jtnjtnG9D06 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of a log-periodic antenna? A. Wide bandwidth B. Higher gain per element than a Yagi antenna C. Harmonic suppression D. Polarization diversity share/G/G6B100000664000175000017500000000050714471705105011170 0ustar jtnjtnG6B10 (A) How does a ferrite bead or core reduce common-mode RF current on the shield of a coaxial cable? A. By creating an impedance in the current's path B. It converts common-mode current to differential mode current C. By creating an out-of-phase current to cancel the common-mode current D. Ferrites expel magnetic fields share/G/G8B020000664000175000017500000000031114471705457011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8B02 (B) What is the term for interference from a signal at twice the IF frequency from the desired signal? A. Quadrature response B. Image response C. Mixer interference D. Intermediate interference share/G/G6A060000664000175000017500000000044714373774111011203 0ustar jtnjtnG6A06 (B) Why should wire-wound resistors not be used in RF circuits? A. The resistor's tolerance value would not be adequate B. The resistor's inductance could make circuit performance unpredictable C. The resistor could overheat D. The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the circuit share/G/G2B030000664000175000017500000000064014471706264011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2B03 (C) What is good amateur practice if propagation changes during a contact creating interference from other stations using the frequency? A. Advise the interfering stations that you are on the frequency and that you have priority B. Decrease power and continue to transmit C. Attempt to resolve the interference problem with the other stations in a mutually acceptable manner D. Switch to the opposite sideband share/G/G5A040000664000175000017500000000023214373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG5A04 (C) Which of the following is opposition to the flow of alternating current in a capacitor? A. Conductance B. Reluctance C. Reactance D. Admittance share/G/G5B070000664000175000017500000000033214471704556011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5B07 (C) What value of an AC signal produces the same power dissipation in a resistor as a DC voltage of the same value? A. The peak-to-peak value B. The peak value C. The RMS value D. The reciprocal of the RMS value share/G/G2C050000664000175000017500000000051214373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG2C05 (B) What is the best speed to use when answering a CQ in Morse code? A. The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no slower than the CQ B. The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no faster than the CQ C. At the standard calling speed of 10 wpm D. At the standard calling speed of 5 wpm share/G/G2E150000664000175000017500000000035214373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2E15 (C) Which of the following is a common location for FT8? A. Anywhere in the voice portion of the band B. Anywhere in the CW portion of the band C. Approximately 14.074 MHz to 14.077 MHz D. Approximately 14.110 MHz to 14.113 MHz share/G/G3A090000664000175000017500000000041214373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG3A09 (A) How can high geomagnetic activity benefit radio communications? A. Creates auroras that can reflect VHF signals B. Increases signal strength for HF signals passing through the polar regions C. Improve HF long path propagation D. Reduce long delayed echoes share/G/G5B040000664000175000017500000000023114471704531011166 0ustar jtnjtnG5B04 (A) How many watts of electrical power are consumed by a 12 VDC light bulb that draws 0.2 amperes? A. 2.4 watts B. 24 watts C. 6 watts D. 60 watts share/G/G1D010000664000175000017500000000120614471702434011164 0ustar jtnjtnG1D01 (A) [97.501, 97.505(a)] Who may receive partial credit for the elements represented by an expired amateur radio license? A. Any person who can demonstrate that they once held an FCC-issued General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class license that was not revoked by the FCC B. Anyone who held an FCC-issued amateur radio license that expired not less than 5 and not more than 15 years ago C. Any person who previously held an amateur license issued by another country, but only if that country has a current reciprocal licensing agreement with the FCC D. Only persons who once held an FCC issued Novice, Technician, or Technician Plus license share/G/G4C010000664000175000017500000000030114373774111011163 0ustar jtnjtnG4C01 (B) Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to audio frequency circuits? A. Bypass inductor B. Bypass capacitor C. Forward-biased diode D. Reverse-biased diode share/G/G1B100000664000175000017500000000024114373774111011162 0ustar jtnjtnG1B10 (C) [97.203(c)] What is the power limit for beacon stations? A. 10 watts PEP output B. 20 watts PEP output C. 100 watts PEP output D. 200 watts PEP output share/G/G4D020000664000175000017500000000032114373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG4D02 (B) How does a speech processor affect a single sideband phone signal? A. It increases peak power B. It increases average power C. It reduces harmonic distortion D. It reduces intermodulation distortion share/G/G0A100000664000175000017500000000064214471701624011163 0ustar jtnjtnG0A10 (C) What should be done if evaluation shows that a neighbor might experience more than the allowable limit of RF exposure from the main lobe of a directional antenna? A. Change to a non-polarized antenna with higher gain B. Use an antenna with a higher front-to-back ratio C. Take precautions to ensure that the antenna cannot be pointed in their direction when they are present D. All these choices are correct share/G/G3A080000664000175000017500000000032314373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG3A08 (D) How can a geomagnetic storm affect HF propagation? A. Improve high-latitude HF propagation B. Degrade ground wave propagation C. Improve ground wave propagation D. Degrade high-latitude HF propagation share/G/G5C140000664000175000017500000000031714373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG5C14 (D) Which of the following components should be added to an inductor to increase the inductance? A. A capacitor in series B. A capacitor in parallel C. An inductor in parallel D. An inductor in series share/G/G1C030000664000175000017500000000031114471702336011162 0ustar jtnjtnG1C03 (A) [97.303(h)(1)] What is the maximum bandwidth permitted by FCC rules for amateur radio stations transmitting on USB frequencies in the 60-meter band? A. 2.8 kHz B. 5.6 kHz C. 1.8 kHz D. 3 kHz share/G/G5A110000664000175000017500000000011214373774111011163 0ustar jtnjtnG5A11 (B) What letter is used to represent reactance? A. Z B. X C. B D. Y share/G/G4E020000664000175000017500000000047414373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4E02 (D) What is the purpose of a corona ball on an HF mobile antenna? A. To narrow the operating bandwidth of the antenna B. To increase the "Q" of the antenna C. To reduce the chance of damage if the antenna should strike an object D. To reduce RF voltage discharge from the tip of the antenna while transmitting share/G/G5B030000664000175000017500000000023214373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG5B03 (B) How many watts of electrical power are consumed if 400 VDC is supplied to an 800-ohm load? A. 0.5 watts B. 200 watts C. 400 watts D. 3200 watts share/G/G3B040000664000175000017500000000051114471703663011172 0ustar jtnjtnG3B04 (A) Which of the following is a way to determine current propagation on a desired band from your station? A. Use a network of automated receiving stations on the internet to see where your transmissions are being received B. Check the A-index C. Send a series of dots and listen for echoes D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2A040000664000175000017500000000026114471703002011155 0ustar jtnjtnG2A04 (A) Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 17- and 12-meter bands? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G6B050000664000175000017500000000045414373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG6B05 (D) What is an advantage of using a ferrite core toroidal inductor? A. Large values of inductance may be obtained B. The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequencies C. Most of the magnetic field is contained in the core D. All these choices are correct share/G/G6B030000664000175000017500000000040014471705054011165 0ustar jtnjtnG6B03 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS integrated circuits compared to TTL integrated circuits? A. Low power consumption B. High power handling capability C. Better suited for RF amplification D. Better suited for power supply regulation share/G/G5B120000664000175000017500000000021114471704576011174 0ustar jtnjtnG5B12 (B) What is the RMS voltage across a 50-ohm dummy load dissipating 1200 watts? A. 173 volts B. 245 volts C. 346 volts D. 692 volts share/G/G3B120000664000175000017500000000043014373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG3B12 (D) Which of the following is typical of the lower HF frequencies during the summer? A. Poor propagation at any time of day B. World-wide propagation during daylight hours C. Heavy distortion on signals due to photon absorption D. High levels of atmospheric noise or static share/G/G5B010000664000175000017500000000025314471704515011171 0ustar jtnjtnG5B01 (B) What dB change represents a factor of two increase or decrease in power? A. Approximately 2 dB B. Approximately 3 dB C. Approximately 6 dB D. Approximately 9 dB share/G/G5C020000664000175000017500000000064014471704617011176 0ustar jtnjtnG5C02 (A) What is the output voltage if an input signal is applied to the secondary winding of a 4:1 voltage step-down transformer instead of the primary winding? A. The input voltage is multiplied by 4 B. The input voltage is divided by 4 C. Additional resistance must be added in series with the primary to prevent overload D. Additional resistance must be added in parallel with the secondary to prevent overload share/G/G1C100000664000175000017500000000031114471702410011151 0ustar jtnjtnG1C10 (C) [97.305(c) and 97.307(f)(4)] What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmissions on the 10- meter band? A. 56 kilobaud B. 19.6 kilobaud C. 1200 baud D. 300 baud share/G/G3A060000664000175000017500000000033514471703565011200 0ustar jtnjtnG3A06 (D) What is a geomagnetic storm? A. A sudden drop in the solar flux index B. A thunderstorm that affects radio propagation C. Ripples in the geomagnetic force D. A temporary disturbance in Earth's geomagnetic field share/G/G0A110000664000175000017500000000055514373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG0A11 (C) What precaution should be taken if you install an indoor transmitting antenna? A. Locate the antenna close to your operating position to minimize feed-line radiation B. Position the antenna along the edge of a wall to reduce parasitic radiation C. Make sure that MPE limits are not exceeded in occupied areas D. Make sure the antenna is properly shielded share/G/G1B090000664000175000017500000000037114373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1B09 (D) [97.203(d)] On what HF frequencies are automatically controlled beacons permitted? A. On any frequency if power is less than 1 watt B. On any frequency if transmissions are in Morse code C. 21.08 MHz to 21.09 MHz D. 28.20 MHz to 28.30 MHz share/G/G1D080000664000175000017500000000065314471702533011200 0ustar jtnjtnG1D08 (B) [97.509(b)(3)] Which of the following criteria must be met for a non-US citizen to be an accredited Volunteer Examiner? A. The person must be a resident of the US for a minimum of 5 years B. The person must hold an FCC granted amateur radio license of General class or above C. The person's home citizenship must be in ITU region 2 D. None of these choices is correct; a non-US citizen cannot be a Volunteer Examiner share/G/G9A080000664000175000017500000000057314471705716011214 0ustar jtnjtnG9A08 (B) If the SWR on an antenna feed line is 5:1, and a matching network at the transmitter end of the feed line is adjusted to present a 1:1 SWR to the transmitter, what is the resulting SWR on the feed line? A. 1:1 B. 5:1 C. Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the characteristic impedance of the line D. Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the reflected power at the transmitter share/G/G3C040000664000175000017500000000061214471703752011174 0ustar jtnjtnG3C04 (D) What does the term "critical angle" mean, as applied to radio wave propagation? A. The long path azimuth of a distant station B. The short path azimuth of a distant station C. The lowest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions D. The highest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions share/G/G4B040000664000175000017500000000046214471704117011173 0ustar jtnjtnG4B04 (D) What signal source is connected to the vertical input of an oscilloscope when checking the RF envelope pattern of a transmitted signal? A. The local oscillator of the transmitter B. An external RF oscillator C. The transmitter balanced mixer output D. The attenuated RF output of the transmitter share/G/G4E010000664000175000017500000000037614373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4E01 (C) What is the purpose of a capacitance hat on a mobile antenna? A. To increase the power handling capacity of a whip antenna B. To reduce radiation resistance C. To electrically lengthen a physically short antenna D. To lower the radiation angle share/G/G7B010000664000175000017500000000033414373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG7B01 (B) What is the purpose of neutralizing an amplifier? A. To limit the modulation index B. To eliminate self-oscillations C. To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods D. To keep the carrier on frequency share/G/G9A040000664000175000017500000000045614471705663011211 0ustar jtnjtnG9A04 (C) What causes reflected power at an antenna's feed point? A. Operating an antenna at its resonant frequency B. Using more transmitter power than the antenna can handle C. A difference between feed line impedance and antenna feed point impedance D. Feeding the antenna with unbalanced feed line share/G/G6B060000664000175000017500000000020114373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG6B06 (D) What kind of device is an integrated circuit operational amplifier? A. Digital B. MMIC C. Programmable Logic D. Analog share/G/G0B120000664000175000017500000000052214471701771011166 0ustar jtnjtnG0B12 (C) What is the purpose of a power supply interlock? A. To prevent unauthorized changes to the circuit that would void the manufacturer's warranty B. To shut down the unit if it becomes too hot C. To ensure that dangerous voltages are removed if the cabinet is opened D. To shut off the power supply if too much voltage is produced share/G/G0B060000664000175000017500000000033014373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG0B06 (C) Which of the following is covered by the National Electrical Code? A. Acceptable bandwidth limits B. Acceptable modulation limits C. Electrical safety of the station D. RF exposure limits of the human body share/G/G7A030000664000175000017500000000023014373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG7A03 (A) Which type of rectifier circuit uses two diodes and a center-tapped transformer? A. Full-wave B. Full-wave bridge C. Half-wave D. Synchronous share/G/G2A050000664000175000017500000000026414373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2A05 (C) Which mode of voice communication is most commonly used on the HF amateur bands? A. Frequency modulation B. Double sideband C. Single sideband D. Single phase modulation share/G/G8A070000664000175000017500000000024414373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8A07 (A) Which of the following phone emissions uses the narrowest bandwidth? A. Single sideband B. Vestigial sideband C. Phase modulation D. Frequency modulation share/G/G2E140000664000175000017500000000045514471703501011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2E14 (D) What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in properly? A. The mark and space frequencies may be reversed B. You may have selected the wrong baud rate C. You may be listening on the wrong sideband D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9B010000664000175000017500000000047514373774111011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9B01 (B) What is a characteristic of a random-wire HF antenna connected directly to the transmitter? A. It must be longer than 1 wavelength B. Station equipment may carry significant RF current C. It produces only vertically polarized radiation D. It is more effective on the lower HF bands than on the higher bands share/G/G1E030000664000175000017500000000072614471702631011174 0ustar jtnjtnG1E03 (A) [97.221] What is required to conduct communications with a digital station operating under automatic control outside the automatic control band segments? A. The station initiating the contact must be under local or remote control B. The interrogating transmission must be made by another automatically controlled station C. No third-party traffic may be transmitted D. The control operator of the interrogating station must hold an Amateur Extra class license share/G/G8A050000664000175000017500000000026114373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8A05 (D) What type of modulation varies the instantaneous power level of the RF signal? A. Power modulation B. Phase modulation C. Frequency modulation D. Amplitude modulation share/G/G8A060000664000175000017500000000033214373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8A06 (D) Which of the following is characteristic of QPSK31? A. It is sideband sensitive B. Its encoding provides error correction C. Its bandwidth is approximately the same as BPSK31 D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9D090000664000175000017500000000040414373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG9D09 (A) What is the primary use of a Beverage antenna? A. Directional receiving for MF and low HF bands B. Directional transmitting for low HF bands C. Portable direction finding at higher HF frequencies D. Portable direction finding at lower HF frequencies share/G/G1D090000664000175000017500000000031714471702541011175 0ustar jtnjtnG1D09 (C) [97.9(b)] How long is a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) valid for exam element credit? A. 30 days B. 180 days C. 365 days D. For as long as your current license is valid share/G/G4C050000664000175000017500000000043414373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG4C05 (D) What is a possible cause of high voltages that produce RF burns? A. Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for the ground wire B. Insulated wire has been used for the ground wire C. The ground rod is resonant D. The ground wire has high impedance on that frequency share/G/G8C070000664000175000017500000000023114471745727011211 0ustar jtnjtnG8C07 (B) Which of the following narrow-band digital modes can receive signals with very low signal-to-noise ratios? A. MSK144 B. FT8 C. AMTOR D. MFSK32 share/G/G4A050000664000175000017500000000034714471704032011171 0ustar jtnjtnG4A05 (C) Why is automatic level control (ALC) used with an RF power amplifier? A. To balance the transmitter audio frequency response B. To reduce harmonic radiation C. To prevent excessive drive D. To increase overall efficiency share/G/G9B090000664000175000017500000000035314471706032011202 0ustar jtnjtnG9B09 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of using a horizontally polarized as compared to a vertically polarized HF antenna? A. Lower ground losses B. Lower feed point impedance C. Shorter radials D. Lower radiation resistance share/G/G4E080000664000175000017500000000023014373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4E08 (A) In what configuration are the individual cells in a solar panel connected together? A. Series-parallel B. Shunt C. Bypass D. Full-wave bridge share/G/G8A030000664000175000017500000000033514471705346011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8A03 (D) What is the name of the process that changes the instantaneous frequency of an RF wave to convey information? A. Frequency convolution B. Frequency transformation C. Frequency conversion D. Frequency modulation share/G/G9B120000664000175000017500000000020614373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG9B12 (A) What is the approximate length for a 1/4 wave monopole antenna cut for 28.5 MHz? A. 8 feet B. 11 feet C. 16 feet D. 21 feet share/G/G8C150000664000175000017500000000040514373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8C15 (C) What does an FT8 signal report of +3 mean? A. The signal is 3 times the noise level of an equivalent SSB signal B. The signal is S3 (weak signals) C. The signal-to-noise ratio is equivalent to +3dB in a 2.5 kHz bandwidth D. The signal is 3 dB over S9 share/G/G1E020000664000175000017500000000070014471702622011163 0ustar jtnjtnG1E02 (D) [97.205(b)] When may a 10-meter repeater retransmit the 2-meter signal from a station that has a Technician class control operator? A. Under no circumstances B. Only if the station on 10-meters is operating under a Special Temporary Authorization allowing such retransmission C. Only during an FCC-declared general state of communications emergency D. Only if the 10-meter repeater control operator holds at least a General class license share/G/G4D050000664000175000017500000000041214471704274011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4D05 (D) How does a signal that reads 20 dB over S9 compare to one that reads S9 on a receiver, assuming a properly calibrated S meter? A. It is 10 times less powerful B. It is 20 times less powerful C. It is 20 times more powerful D. It is 100 times more powerful share/G/G2C040000664000175000017500000000040614373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG2C04 (D) What does the Q signal "QRL?" mean? A. "Will you keep the frequency clear?" B. "Are you operating full break-in?" or "Can you operate full break-in?" C. "Are you listening only for a specific station?" D. "Are you busy?" or "Is this frequency in use?" share/G/G3B090000664000175000017500000000027114471703712011175 0ustar jtnjtnG3B09 (C) What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface normally covered in one hop using the F2 region? A. 180 miles B. 1,200 miles C. 2,500 miles D. 12,000 miles share/G/G8C050000664000175000017500000000037514373774111011206 0ustar jtnjtnG8C05 (A) In an ARQ mode, what is meant by a NAK response to a transmitted packet? A. Request retransmission of the packet B. Packet was received without error C. Receiving station connected and ready for transmissions D. Entire file received correctly share/G/G0B130000664000175000017500000000033614373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG0B13 (A) Where should lightning arrestors be located? A. Where the feed lines enter the building B. On the antenna, opposite the feed point C. In series with each ground lead D. At the closest power pole ground electrode share/G/G8B120000664000175000017500000000024514471705547011205 0ustar jtnjtnG8B12 (A) What process combines two signals in a non-linear circuit to produce unwanted spurious outputs? A. Intermodulation B. Heterodyning C. Detection D. Rolloff share/G/G7C020000664000175000017500000000031614373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG7C02 (D) What output is produced by a balanced modulator? A. Frequency modulated RF B. Audio with equalized frequency response C. Audio extracted from the modulation signal D. Double-sideband modulated RF share/G/G1A040000664000175000017500000000030714471702027011163 0ustar jtnjtnG1A04 (D) [97.303(h)] Which of the following amateur bands is restricted to communication only on specific channels, rather than frequency ranges? A. 11 meters B. 12 meters C. 30 meters D. 60 meters share/G/G3B110000664000175000017500000000050014373774111011163 0ustar jtnjtnG3B11 (A) What happens to HF propagation when the LUF exceeds the MUF? A. Propagation via ordinary skywave communications is not possible over that path B. HF communications over the path are enhanced C. Double-hop propagation along the path is more common D. Propagation over the path on all HF frequencies is enhanced share/G/G2E090000664000175000017500000000054114373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2E09 (C) How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol? A. Send broadcast packets containing your call sign while in MONITOR mode B. Transmit a steady carrier until the PACTOR protocol times out and disconnects C. Joining an existing contact is not possible, PACTOR connections are limited to two stations D. Send a NAK code share/G/G2C060000664000175000017500000000041114373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG2C06 (D) What does the term "zero beat" mean in CW operation? A. Matching the speed of the transmitting station B. Operating split to avoid interference on frequency C. Sending without error D. Matching the transmit frequency to the frequency of a received signal share/G/G9B030000664000175000017500000000032014471705757011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9B03 (D) Which of the following best describes the radiation pattern of a quarter-wave ground-plane vertical antenna? A. Bi-directional in azimuth B. Isotropic C. Hemispherical D. Omnidirectional in azimuth share/G/G4D060000664000175000017500000000017014373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4D06 (A) How much change in signal strength is typically represented by one S unit? A. 6 dB B. 12 dB C. 15 dB D. 18 dB share/G/G5B080000664000175000017500000000022714373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG5B08 (D) What is the peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave with an RMS voltage of 120 volts? A. 84.8 volts B. 169.7 volts C. 240.0 volts D. 339.4 volts share/G/G8A100000664000175000017500000000054514471705400011171 0ustar jtnjtnG8A10 (C) What is meant by the term "flat-topping," when referring to an amplitude-modulated phone signal? A. Signal distortion caused by insufficient collector current B. The transmitter's automatic level control (ALC) is properly adjusted C. Signal distortion caused by excessive drive or speech levels D. The transmitter's carrier is properly suppressed share/G/G4C060000664000175000017500000000032014373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG4C06 (C) What is a possible effect of a resonant ground connection? A. Overheating of ground straps B. Corrosion of the ground rod C. High RF voltages on the enclosures of station equipment D. A ground loop share/G/G3B020000664000175000017500000000026014471703646011172 0ustar jtnjtnG3B02 (D) What factors affect the MUF? A. Path distance and location B. Time of day and season C. Solar radiation and ionospheric disturbances D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1C070000664000175000017500000000052614373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1C07 (C) [97.309(a)(4)] What must be done before using a new digital protocol on the air? A. Type-certify equipment to FCC standards B. Obtain an experimental license from the FCC C. Publicly document the technical characteristics of the protocol D. Submit a rule-making proposal to the FCC describing the codes and methods of the technique share/G/G8C130000664000175000017500000000034014471705632011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8C13 (D) What is indicated on a waterfall display by one or more vertical lines on either side of a data mode or RTTY signal? A. Long path propagation B. Backscatter propagation C. Insufficient modulation D. Overmodulation share/G/G1D120000664000175000017500000000052614471702575011200 0ustar jtnjtnG1D12 (C) [97.507] When operating a station in South America by remote control over the internet from the US, what regulations apply? A. Those of both the remote station's country and the FCC B. Those of the remote station's country and the FCC's third-party regulations C. Only those of the remote station's country D. Only those of the FCC share/G/G2A030000664000175000017500000000026014373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG2A03 (A) Which mode is most commonly used for SSB voice communications in the VHF and UHF bands? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G1E080000664000175000017500000000023114373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG1E08 (B) [97.313(j)] What is the maximum PEP output allowed for spread spectrum transmissions? A. 100 milliwatts B. 10 watts C. 100 watts D. 1500 watts share/G/G1A070000664000175000017500000000041014471702075011164 0ustar jtnjtnG1A07 (D) [97.305(a)] On which amateur frequencies in the 10-meter band may stations with a General class control operator transmit CW emissions? A. 28.000 MHz to 28.025 MHz only B. 28.000 MHz to 28.300 MHz only C. 28.025 MHz to 28.300 MHz only D. The entire band share/G/G2E070000664000175000017500000000033314373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2E07 (B) Which of the following is required when using FT8? A. A special hardware modem B. Computer time accurate to within approximately 1 second C. Receiver attenuator set to -12 dB D. A vertically polarized antenna share/G/G1E120000664000175000017500000000060314471702751011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1E12 (A) [97.115] When may third-party messages be transmitted via remote control? A. Under any circumstances in which third party messages are permitted by FCC rules B. Under no circumstances except for emergencies C. Only when the message is intended for licensed radio amateurs D. Only when the message is intended for third parties in areas where licensing is controlled by the FCC share/G/G9A020000664000175000017500000000054414373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG9A02 (B) What is the relationship between high standing wave ratio (SWR) and transmission line loss? A. There is no relationship between transmission line loss and SWR B. High SWR increases loss in a lossy transmission line C. High SWR makes it difficult to measure transmission line loss D. High SWR reduces the relative effect of transmission line loss share/G/G9D040000664000175000017500000000031314373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG9D04 (A) What is the primary function of antenna traps? A. To enable multiband operation B. To notch spurious frequencies C. To provide balanced feed point impedance D. To prevent out-of-band operation share/G/G2D110000664000175000017500000000046414373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG2D11 (A) Why are signal reports typically exchanged at the beginning of an HF contact? A. To allow each station to operate according to conditions B. To be sure the contact will count for award programs C. To follow standard radiogram structure D. To allow each station to calibrate their frequency display share/G/G6A020000664000175000017500000000022314373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG6A02 (B) What is an advantage of batteries with low internal resistance? A. Long life B. High discharge current C. High voltage D. Rapid recharge share/G/G0B050000664000175000017500000000051314471701716011167 0ustar jtnjtnG0B05 (B) Which of the following conditions will cause a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) to disconnect AC power? A. Current flowing from one or more of the hot wires to the neutral wire B. Current flowing from one or more of the hot wires directly to ground C. Overvoltage on the hot wires D. All these choices are correct share/G/G5A080000664000175000017500000000026114471704473011201 0ustar jtnjtnG5A08 (C) What is impedance? A. The ratio of current to voltage B. The product of current and voltage C. The ratio of voltage to current D. The product of current and reactance share/G/G1E110000664000175000017500000000074614471702736011203 0ustar jtnjtnG1E11 (D) [97.221, 97.305] On what bands may automatically controlled stations transmitting RTTY or data emissions communicate with other automatically controlled digital stations? A. On any band segment where digital operation is permitted B. Anywhere in the non-phone segments of the 10-meter or shorter wavelength bands C. Only in the non-phone Extra Class segments of the bands D. Anywhere in the 6-meter or shorter wavelength bands, and in limited segments of some of the HF bands share/G/G6B080000664000175000017500000000021714471705076011204 0ustar jtnjtnG6B08 (D) How is an LED biased when emitting light? A. In the tunnel-effect region B. At the Zener voltage C. Reverse biased D. Forward biased share/G/G4B080000664000175000017500000000036214471704136011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4B08 (A) What transmitter performance parameter does a two-tone test analyze? A. Linearity B. Percentage of suppression of the carrier and undesired sideband for SSB C. Percentage of frequency modulation D. Percentage of carrier phase shift share/G/G6A040000664000175000017500000000032014471705012011160 0ustar jtnjtnG6A04 (C) Which of the following is characteristic of an electrolytic capacitor? A. Tight tolerance B. Much less leakage than any other type C. High capacitance for a given volume D. Inexpensive RF capacitor share/G/G9A050000664000175000017500000000034714373774111011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9A05 (B) How does the attenuation of coaxial cable change with increasing frequency? A. Attenuation is independent of frequency B. Attenuation increases C. Attenuation decreases D. Attenuation follows Marconi's Law of Attenuation share/G/G4A130000664000175000017500000000045714373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG4A13 (A) What is the purpose of using a receive attenuator? A. To prevent receiver overload from strong incoming signals B. To reduce the transmitter power when driving a linear amplifier C. To reduce power consumption when operating from batteries D. To reduce excessive audio level on strong signals share/G/G7C090000664000175000017500000000031314471705310011173 0ustar jtnjtnG7C09 (B) What is the phase difference between the I and Q RF signals that software-defined radio (SDR) equipment uses for modulation and demodulation? A. Zero B. 90 degrees C. 180 degrees D. 45 degrees share/G/G9D050000664000175000017500000000045714373774111011211 0ustar jtnjtnG9D05 (D) What is an advantage of vertically stacking horizontally polarized Yagi antennas? A. It allows quick selection of vertical or horizontal polarization B. It allows simultaneous vertical and horizontal polarization C. It narrows the main lobe in azimuth D. It narrows the main lobe in elevation share/G/G2C030000664000175000017500000000033514373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG2C03 (C) What does it mean when a CW operator sends "KN" at the end of a transmission? A. No US stations should call B. Operating full break-in C. Listening only for a specific station or stations D. Closing station now share/G/G2D040000664000175000017500000000062014471703336011171 0ustar jtnjtnG2D04 (B) Which of the following describes an azimuthal projection map? A. A map that shows accurate land masses B. A map that shows true bearings and distances from a specific location C. A map that shows the angle at which an amateur satellite crosses the equator D. A map that shows the number of degrees longitude that an amateur satellite appears to move westward at the equator with each orbit share/G/G4A090000664000175000017500000000056414471704062011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4A09 (C) What is the purpose of delaying RF output after activating a transmitter's keying line to an external amplifier? A. To prevent key clicks on CW B. To prevent transient overmodulation C. To allow time for the amplifier to switch the antenna between the transceiver and the amplifier output D. To allow time for the amplifier power supply to reach operating level share/G/G9C110000664000175000017500000000067714471706130011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9C11 (A) What is a beta or hairpin match? A. A shorted transmission line stub placed at the feed point of a Yagi antenna to provide impedance matching B. A 1/4 wavelength section of 75-ohm coax in series with the feed point of a Yagi to provide impedance matching C. A series capacitor selected to cancel the inductive reactance of a folded dipole antenna D. A section of 300-ohm twin-lead transmission line used to match a folded dipole antenna share/G/G2E110000664000175000017500000000060314471703466011175 0ustar jtnjtnG2E11 (C) What is the primary purpose of an Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network (AREDN) mesh network? A. To provide FM repeater coverage in remote areas B. To provide real time propagation data by monitoring amateur radio transmissions worldwide C. To provide high-speed data services during an emergency or community event D. To provide DX spotting reports to aid contesters and DXers share/G/G5A050000664000175000017500000000052014373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG5A05 (D) How does an inductor react to AC? A. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases B. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases C. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases D. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases share/G/G4B060000664000175000017500000000030714373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4B06 (C) What is an advantage of a digital multimeter as compared to an analog multimeter? A. Better for measuring computer circuits B. Less prone to overload C. Higher precision D. Faster response share/G/G7C100000664000175000017500000000053014373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG7C10 (B) What is an advantage of using I-Q modulation with software-defined radios (SDRs)? A. The need for high resolution analog-to-digital converters is eliminated B. All types of modulation can be created with appropriate processing C. Minimum detectible signal level is reduced D. Automatic conversion of the signal from digital to analog share/G/G1B040000664000175000017500000000066114471702174011172 0ustar jtnjtnG1B04 (C) [97.113(c)] Which of the following transmissions is permitted for all amateur stations? A. Unidentified transmissions of less than 10 seconds duration for test purposes only B. Automatic retransmission of other amateur signals by any amateur station C. Occasional retransmission of weather and propagation forecast information from US government stations D. Encrypted messages, if not intended to facilitate a criminal act share/G/G4D040000664000175000017500000000020414471704266011174 0ustar jtnjtnG4D04 (C) What does an S meter measure? A. Carrier suppression B. Impedance C. Received signal strength D. Transmitter power output share/G/G2D060000664000175000017500000000034014471703367011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2D06 (C) How is a directional antenna pointed when making a "long-path" contact with another station? A. Toward the rising sun B. Along the gray line C. 180 degrees from the station's short-path heading D. Toward the north share/G/G6B020000664000175000017500000000030114373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG6B02 (B) What is meant by the term MMIC? A. Multi-Mode Integrated Circuit B. Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit C. Metal Monolayer Integrated Circuit D. Mode Modulated Integrated Circuit share/G/G6A050000664000175000017500000000021414373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG6A05 (C) What is the approximate forward threshold voltage of a silicon junction diode? A. 0.1 volt B. 0.3 volts C. 0.7 volts D. 1.0 volts share/G/G6A080000664000175000017500000000027214373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG6A08 (D) Which of the following is characteristic of low voltage ceramic capacitors? A. Tight tolerance B. High stability C. High capacitance for given volume D. Comparatively low cost share/G/G7C050000664000175000017500000000037414373774111011204 0ustar jtnjtnG7C05 (D) Which of the following is characteristic of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)? A. Extremely narrow tuning range B. Relatively high-power output C. Pure sine wave output D. Variable output frequency with the stability of a crystal oscillator share/G/G6A070000664000175000017500000000034614373774111011202 0ustar jtnjtnG6A07 (A) What are the operating points for a bipolar transistor used as a switch? A. Saturation and cutoff B. The active region (between cutoff and saturation) C. Peak and valley current points D. Enhancement and depletion modes share/G/G4A060000664000175000017500000000040614373774111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG4A06 (C) What is the purpose of an antenna tuner? A. Reduce the SWR in the feed line to the antenna B. Reduce the power dissipation in the feedline to the antenna C. Increase power transfer from the transmitter to the feed line D. All these choices are correct share/G/G5A010000664000175000017500000000053114373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG5A01 (C) What happens when inductive and capacitive reactance are equal in a series LC circuit? A. Resonance causes impedance to be very high B. Impedance is equal to the geometric mean of the inductance and capacitance C. Resonance causes impedance to be very low D. Impedance is equal to the arithmetic mean of the inductance and capacitance share/G/G7A070000664000175000017500000000046514373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7A07 (A) What is the output waveform of an unfiltered full-wave rectifier connected to a resistive load? A. A series of DC pulses at twice the frequency of the AC input B. A series of DC pulses at the same frequency as the AC input C. A sine wave at half the frequency of the AC input D. A steady DC voltage share/G/G1A050000664000175000017500000000037214471701046011166 0ustar jtnjtnG1A05 (A) [97.301(d)] On which of the following frequencies are General class licensees prohibited from operating as control operator? A. 7.125 MHz to 7.175 MHz B. 28.000 MHz to 28.025 MHz C. 21.275 MHz to 21.300 MHz D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9C050000664000175000017500000000032014373774111011175 0ustar jtnjtnG9C05 (A) What is the primary effect of increasing boom length and adding directors to a Yagi antenna? A. Gain increases B. Beamwidth increases C. Front-to-back ratio decreases D. Resonant frequency is lower share/G/G1A060000664000175000017500000000107714471702064011173 0ustar jtnjtnG1A06 (C) [97.303] Which of the following applies when the FCC rules designate the amateur service as a secondary user on a band? A. Amateur stations must record the call sign of the primary service station before operating on a frequency assigned to that station B. Amateur stations may use the band only during emergencies C. Amateur stations must not cause harmful interference to primary users and must accept interference from primary users D. Amateur stations may only operate during specific hours of the day, while primary users are permitted 24-hour use of the band share/G/G4E040000664000175000017500000000065314471704370011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4E04 (B) Why should DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver not be supplied by a vehicle's auxiliary power socket? A. The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cable B. The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current drawn by the transceiver C. The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceivers D. Drawing more than 50 watts from this socket could cause the engine to overheat share/G/G8C090000664000175000017500000000052714373774111011211 0ustar jtnjtnG8C09 (B) Which is true of mesh network microwave nodes? A. Having more nodes increases signal strengths B. If one node fails, a packet may still reach its target station via an alternate node C. Links between two nodes in a network may have different frequencies and bandwidths D. More nodes reduce overall microwave out of band interference share/G/G1D070000664000175000017500000000035314373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1D07 (C) [97.509(b)(1)] Volunteer Examiners are accredited by what organization? A. The Federal Communications Commission B. The Universal Licensing System C. A Volunteer Examiner Coordinator D. The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau share/G/G7A120000664000175000017500000000017314471705172011175 0ustar jtnjtnG7A12 (C) Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a solid core transformer? A. Symbol 4 B. Symbol 7 C. Symbol 6 D. Symbol 1 share/G/G2A010000664000175000017500000000026614471702757011177 0ustar jtnjtnG2A01 (A) Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on frequencies of 14 MHz or higher? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G2C010000664000175000017500000000056214471703221011163 0ustar jtnjtnG2C01 (D) Which of the following describes full break-in CW operation (QSK)? A. Breaking stations send the Morse code prosign "BK" B. Automatic keyers, instead of hand keys, are used to send Morse code C. An operator must activate a manual send/receive switch before and after every transmission D. Transmitting stations can receive between code characters and elements share/G/G9B100000664000175000017500000000020614373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG9B10 (D) What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 14.250 MHz? A. 8 feet B. 16 feet C. 24 feet D. 33 feet share/G/G4D070000664000175000017500000000035514471704304011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4D07 (C) How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to change the S meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9? A. Approximately 1.5 times B. Approximately 2 times C. Approximately 4 times D. Approximately 8 times share/G/G6A030000664000175000017500000000020514373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG6A03 (B) What is the approximate forward threshold voltage of a germanium diode? A. 0.1 volt B. 0.3 volts C. 0.7 volts D. 1.0 volts share/G/G1C090000664000175000017500000000033414373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1C09 (C) [97.313(i)] What is the maximum power limit on the 60-meter band? A. 1500 watts PEP B. 10 watts RMS C. ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to a dipole D. ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to an isotropic antenna share/G/G9D070000664000175000017500000000046314373774111011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9D07 (A) Which of the following describes a log-periodic antenna? A. Element length and spacing vary logarithmically along the boom B. Impedance varies periodically as a function of frequency C. Gain varies logarithmically as a function of frequency D. SWR varies periodically as a function of boom length share/G/G4A010000664000175000017500000000052114373774111011165 0ustar jtnjtnG4A01 (B) What is the purpose of the notch filter found on many HF transceivers? A. To restrict the transmitter voice bandwidth B. To reduce interference from carriers in the receiver passband C. To eliminate receiver interference from impulse noise sources D. To remove interfering splatter generated by signals on adjacent frequencies share/G/G9A110000664000175000017500000000055214373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG9A11 (A) What is the effect of transmission line loss on SWR measured at the input to the line? A. Higher loss reduces SWR measured at the input to the line B. Higher loss increases SWR measured at the input to the line C. Higher loss increases the accuracy of SWR measured at the input to the line D. Transmission line loss does not affect the SWR measurement share/G/G9C070000664000175000017500000000054514471706076011214 0ustar jtnjtnG9C07 (C) What does "front-to-back ratio" mean in reference to a Yagi antenna? A. The number of directors versus the number of reflectors B. The relative position of the driven element with respect to the reflectors and directors C. The power radiated in the major lobe compared to that in the opposite direction D. The ratio of forward gain to dipole gain share/G/G7C130000664000175000017500000000024314373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG7C13 (D) What term specifies a filter's maximum ability to reject signals outside its passband? A. Notch depth B. Rolloff C. Insertion loss D. Ultimate rejection share/G/G3A120000664000175000017500000000040614373774111011170 0ustar jtnjtnG3A12 (B) What does the K-index measure? A. The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the Sun B. The short-term stability of Earth's geomagnetic field C. The short-term stability of the Sun's magnetic field D. The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado share/G/G4C030000664000175000017500000000040114471704205011162 0ustar jtnjtnG4C03 (C) What sound is heard from an audio device experiencing RF interference from a single sideband phone transmitter? A. A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air B. On-and-off humming or clicking C. Distorted speech D. Clearly audible speech share/G/G5A060000664000175000017500000000052014373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG5A06 (A) How does a capacitor react to AC? A. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases B. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases C. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases D. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases share/G/G5A020000664000175000017500000000051714471704442011173 0ustar jtnjtnG5A02 (B) What is reactance? A. Opposition to the flow of direct current caused by resistance B. Opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance C. Reinforcement of the flow of direct current caused by resistance D. Reinforcement of the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance share/G/G1B070000664000175000017500000000050714471702235011172 0ustar jtnjtnG1B07 (B) [97.113(a)(4)] What are the restrictions on the use of abbreviations or procedural signals in the amateur service? A. Only "Q" signals are permitted B. They may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message C. They are not permitted D. They are limited to those expressly listed in Part 97 of the FCC rules share/G/G5C080000664000175000017500000000032514471704715011203 0ustar jtnjtnG5C08 (D) What is the equivalent capacitance of two 5.0-nanofarad capacitors and one 750-picofarad capacitor connected in parallel? A. 576.9 nanofarads B. 1,733 picofarads C. 3,583 picofarads D. 10.750 nanofarads share/G/G8B030000664000175000017500000000021314373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG8B03 (A) What is another term for the mixing of two RF signals? A. Heterodyning B. Synthesizing C. Frequency inversion D. Phase inversion share/G/G3A070000664000175000017500000000034314471703572011176 0ustar jtnjtnG3A07 (D) At what point in the solar cycle does the 20-meter band usually support worldwide propagation during daylight hours? A. At the summer solstice B. Only at the maximum point C. Only at the minimum point D. At any point share/G/G2C080000664000175000017500000000015614373774111011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2C08 (C) What prosign is sent to indicate the end of a formal message when using CW? A. SK B. BK C. AR D. KN share/G/G5C060000664000175000017500000000030414471704667011204 0ustar jtnjtnG5C06 (A) What is the voltage output of a transformer with a 500-turn primary and a 1500-turn secondary when 120 VAC is applied to the primary? A. 360 volts B. 120 volts C. 40 volts D. 25.5 volts share/G/G1E010000664000175000017500000000054014471702603011163 0ustar jtnjtnG1E01 (A) [97.115(b)(2)] Which of the following would disqualify a third party from participating in sending a message via an amateur station? A. The third party's amateur license has been revoked and not reinstated B. The third party is not a US citizen C. The third party is speaking in a language other than English D. All these choices are correct share/G/G8C140000664000175000017500000000055414373774111011205 0ustar jtnjtnG8C14 (C) Which of the following describes a waterfall display? A. Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is vertical, time is intensity B. Frequency is vertical, signal strength is intensity, time is horizontal C. Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is intensity, time is vertical D. Frequency is vertical, signal strength is horizontal, time is intensity share/G/G3A140000664000175000017500000000041014471703627011170 0ustar jtnjtnG3A14 (B) How is long distance radio communication usually affected by the charged particles that reach Earth from solar coronal holes? A. HF communication is improved B. HF communication is disturbed C. VHF/UHF ducting is improved D. VHF/UHF ducting is disturbed share/G/G2E100000664000175000017500000000045514471703453011175 0ustar jtnjtnG2E10 (D) Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station? A. Send an email to the system control operator B. Send QRL in Morse code C. Respond when the station broadcasts its SSID D. Transmit a connect message on the station's published frequency share/G/G1E050000664000175000017500000000100414471702657011174 0ustar jtnjtnG1E05 (C) [97.115(a)(2), 97.117] What are the restrictions on messages sent to a third party in a country with which there is a Third-Party Agreement? A. They must relate to emergencies or disaster relief B. They must be for other licensed amateurs C. They must relate to amateur radio, or remarks of a personal character, or messages relating to emergencies or disaster relief D. The message must be limited to no longer than 1 minute in duration and the name of the third party must be recorded in the station log share/G/G2A070000664000175000017500000000064314373774111011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2A07 (B) Which of the following statements is true of single sideband (SSB)? A. Only one sideband and the carrier are transmitted; the other sideband is suppressed B. Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed C. SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 20-, 15-, and 10-meter amateur bands D. SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter amateur bands share/G/G3A030000664000175000017500000000031714471703542011170 0ustar jtnjtnG3A03 (C) Approximately how long does it take the increased ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from a solar flare to affect radio propagation on Earth? A. 28 days B. 1 to 2 hours C. 8 minutes D. 20 to 40 hours share/G/G3B080000664000175000017500000000043714373774111011202 0ustar jtnjtnG3B08 (B) What does MUF stand for? A. The Minimum Usable Frequency for communications between two points B. The Maximum Usable Frequency for communications between two points C. The Minimum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period D. The Maximum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period share/G/G2C110000664000175000017500000000025114373774111011166 0ustar jtnjtnG2C11 (D) What does the Q signal "QRV" mean? A. You are sending too fast B. There is interference on the frequency C. I am quitting for the day D. I am ready to receive share/G/G1B050000664000175000017500000000053414373774111011173 0ustar jtnjtnG1B05 (B) [97.111((5)(b)] Which of the following one-way transmissions are permitted? A. Unidentified test transmissions of less than 10 seconds in duration B. Transmissions to assist with learning the International Morse code C. Regular transmissions offering equipment for sale, if intended for amateur radio use D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9D110000664000175000017500000000037214471706206011201 0ustar jtnjtnG9D11 (D) Which of the following is a disadvantage of multiband antennas? A. They present low impedance on all design frequencies B. They must be used with an antenna tuner C. They must be fed with open wire line D. They have poor harmonic rejection share/G/G1B020000664000175000017500000000057414471702144011170 0ustar jtnjtnG1B02 (A) [97.203(b)] With which of the following conditions must beacon stations comply? A. No more than one beacon station may transmit in the same band from the same station location B. The frequency must be coordinated with the National Beacon Organization C. The frequency must be posted on the internet or published in a national periodical D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1D110000664000175000017500000000100014471702567011164 0ustar jtnjtnG1D11 (D) [97.505] What action is required to obtain a new General class license after a previously held license has expired and the two-year grace period has passed? A. They must have a letter from the FCC showing they once held an amateur or commercial license B. There are no requirements other than being able to show a copy of the expired license C. Contact the FCC to have the license reinstated D. The applicant must show proof of the appropriate expired license grant and pass the current Element 2 exam share/G/G5B110000664000175000017500000000016214373774111011171 0ustar jtnjtnG5B11 (B) What is the ratio of PEP to average power for an unmodulated carrier? A. 0.707 B. 1.00 C. 1.414 D. 2.00 share/G/G4B110000664000175000017500000000031314471704154011165 0ustar jtnjtnG4B11 (C) Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR measurements? A. Receiver B. Transmitter C. Antenna and feed line D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1D020000664000175000017500000000045414471702443011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1D02 (C) [97.509(b)(3)(i)] What license examinations may you administer as an accredited Volunteer Examiner holding a General class operator license? A. General and Technician B. None, only Amateur Extra class licensees may be accredited C. Technician only D. Amateur Extra, General, and Technician share/G/G8B090000664000175000017500000000041714373774111011206 0ustar jtnjtnG8B09 (D) Why is it good to match receiver bandwidth to the bandwidth of the operating mode? A. It is required by FCC rules B. It minimizes power consumption in the receiver C. It improves impedance matching of the antenna D. It results in the best signal-to-noise ratio share/G/G2B010000664000175000017500000000045714373774111011174 0ustar jtnjtnG2B01 (C) [97.101(b), (c)] Which of the following is true concerning access to frequencies? A. Nets have priority B. QSOs in progress have priority C. Except during emergencies, no amateur station has priority access to any frequency D. Contest operations should yield to non-contest use of frequencies share/G/G7B060000664000175000017500000000034214373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7B06 (A) What is a shift register? A. A clocked array of circuits that passes data in steps along the array B. An array of operational amplifiers used for tri-state arithmetic operations C. A digital mixer D. An analog mixer share/G/G8B080000664000175000017500000000051214373774111011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8B08 (B) Why is it important to know the duty cycle of the mode you are using when transmitting? A. To aid in tuning your transmitter B. Some modes have high duty cycles that could exceed the transmitter's average power rating C. To allow time for the other station to break in during a transmission D. To prevent overmodulation share/G/G5B100000664000175000017500000000021114373774111011163 0ustar jtnjtnG5B10 (C) What percentage of power loss is equivalent to a loss of 1 dB? A. 10.9 percent B. 12.2 percent C. 20.6 percent D. 25.9 percent share/G/G0B020000664000175000017500000000033314471701666011170 0ustar jtnjtnG0B02 (C) According to the National Electrical Code, what is the minimum wire size that may be used safely for wiring with a 20-ampere circuit breaker? A. AWG number 20 B. AWG number 16 C. AWG number 12 D. AWG number 8 share/G/G4B100000664000175000017500000000026414373774111011172 0ustar jtnjtnG4B10 (A) Which of the following can be determined with a directional wattmeter? A. Standing wave ratio B. Antenna front-to-back ratio C. RF interference D. Radio wave propagation share/G/G8B100000664000175000017500000000040114373774111011167 0ustar jtnjtnG8B10 (B) What is the relationship between transmitted symbol rate and bandwidth? A. Symbol rate and bandwidth are not related B. Higher symbol rates require wider bandwidth C. Lower symbol rates require wider bandwidth D. Bandwidth is half the symbol rate share/G/G9D080000664000175000017500000000035214373774111011206 0ustar jtnjtnG9D08 (B) How does a "screwdriver" mobile antenna adjust its feed point impedance? A. By varying its body capacitance B. By varying the base loading inductance C. By extending and retracting the whip D. By deploying a capacitance hat share/G/G3C090000664000175000017500000000024314373774111011177 0ustar jtnjtnG3C09 (B) What type of propagation allows signals to be heard in the transmitting station's skip zone? A. Faraday rotation B. Scatter C. Chordal hop D. Short-path share/ask.awk0000664000175000017500000000235714373774521011640 0ustar jtnjtn# display question, possible answers, then process reply # Copyright (C) 2011-2023 John Nogatch # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version # 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. # See the GNU General Public License for more details. # collect info (NR==1){answer = $0; key = $2; gsub( /[^A-D]/, "", key); next} # display question and possible answers {print $0; next} # read response from stdin, if wrong, print correct answer info and wait for ack END { # read user's response if (getline < "/dev/stdin" != 1) exit 2 # convert to upper case response = toupper( $1) # check for "quit" if (response == "Q") exit 2 # check for incorrect response if (response != key) { print "*******" answer "\nto continue, hit Enter" if (getline < "/dev/stdin" != 1) exit 2 exit 1 } # response was correct print ".......correct\n" exit 0 } share/hamexam0000775000175000017500000001215714373774565011733 0ustar jtnjtn#!/bin/sh # study ham exam question pools # Copyright (C) 2011-2023 John Nogatch AC6SL # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version # 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. # See the GNU General Public License for more details. # dir where question pools reside? INSTALLDIR="$(dirname "$(readlink -f $0)")" # kill PNG_VIEWER if this script terminates # ref. https://spin.atomicobject.com/2017/08/24/start-stop-bash-background-process/ trap "exit" INT TERM trap "kill 0" EXIT # user specified png viewer? if [ -n "${PNG_VIEWER+xxx}" ]; then if type "${PNG_VIEWER}" > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "user specified PNG_VIEWER: ${PNG_VIEWER}" else echo "user specified PNG_VIEWER: ${PNG_VIEWER} is not executable" PNG_VIEWER="" fi # try eog elif type "eog" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="eog" # try gwenview elif type "gwenview" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="gwenview" # try gpicview elif type "gpicview" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="gpicview" # try ristretto elif type "ristretto" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="ristretto" else echo "PNG_VIEWER was not specifed nor found" PNG_VIEWER="" fi # dir to keep user's unanswered questions USERDIR=~/.hamexam # create user dir, if needed if [ ! -d "${USERDIR}" ]; then echo "creating ${USERDIR}" mkdir "${USERDIR}" if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "unable to create ~/.hamexam directory" sleep 3 exit 1 fi fi # check argument for T, G, or E, default to showing usage, version, brief help # set POOL within set {T,G,E} case "$1" in "2" | [tT]* ) POOL="T";; "3" | [gG]* ) POOL="G";; "4" | [eE]* ) POOL="E";; "q" | *) echo "usage: hamexam {t|g|e|q}"; echo "hamexam version 1.10.1"; echo "Technician, Element 2 effective July-2022 until July-2026"; echo "General, Element 3 effective July-2023 until July-2027"; echo "Extra, Element 4 effective July-2020 until July-2024"; echo "hamexam is an interactive study guide for USA FCC amateur radio (ham radio) examinations."; echo "The 3 question pools are:"; echo " t element 2, Technician Class (entry level),"; echo " g element 3, General Class (also requires element 2),"; echo " e element 4, Extra Class (also requires elements 2 and 3)."; echo "Questions are chosen randomly from the selected pool."; echo "Incorrect answers cause the question to be asked again later."; echo "Licenses are issued by the FCC, but exams are conducted by Volunteer Examiners." echo "For more information about USA amateur radio licensing: https://www.arrl.org/licensing-education-training"; if [ "$1" != "q" ]; then sleep 3 exit 1; fi; POOL="Q" while [ $POOL = "Q" ]:; do # read -p "Which pool? {t,g,e} " POOL; (Debian: read with option other than -r) echo -n "Which pool? {t,g,e}: "; read POOL; case "$POOL" in "2" | [tT]* ) POOL="T";; "3" | [gG]* ) POOL="G";; "4" | [eE]* ) POOL="E";; * ) POOL="Q";; esac; done esac # go to user dir so that question names are accessible cd ${USERDIR} if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "unable to access ~/.hamexam directory" sleep 3 exit 1 fi # if no questions remain, reload all the questions ls ${POOL}* >> /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then case ${POOL} in "T" ) echo "reloading Technicican Class element 2";; "G" ) echo "reloading General Class element 3";; "E" ) echo "reloading Extra Class element 4";; "" | * ) echo "POOL variable was not set correctly"; sleep 3; exit 1;; esac ls "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL} | xargs touch else echo "resuming remaining questions" fi # no PNG_VIEWER available? if [ "${PNG_VIEWER}" = "" ]; then echo "no PNG_VIEWER to display diagrams" else # bring up diagrams for this element ${PNG_VIEWER} ${INSTALLDIR}/${POOL}pngs/*.png 2>/dev/null & if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "${PNG_VIEWER} failed to display diagrams" fi fi # report how many questions remain ls ${POOL}* | wc | awk '{print $1 " questions remain in this pool\n"}' while :; do # random choice from remaining questions Q=`shuf -n 1 -e ${POOL}*` # exit if no more questions if [ "${Q}" = "${POOL}*" ]; then echo "question pool ${POOL} completed" sleep 3 break fi # if question still exists (might be stale name from old pool)... if [ -e "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL}/"${Q}" ]; then # no png viewer? if [ -z "${PNG_VIEWER}" ]; then # question references figure? egrep '[Ff]igure ' "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL}/"${Q}" >> /dev/null if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo "question ${Q} refers to a figure" rm "${Q}" continue fi fi # ...ask the question awk -f "${INSTALLDIR}"/ask.awk "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL}/"${Q}" else echo "question ${Q} not found" fi case $? in # if correct, remove the question 0) rm "${Q}";; # check for quit or EOF 2) break;; esac done exit 0 # end of hamexam share/README0000664000175000017500000000155114373774451011233 0ustar jtnjtnhamexam is the top-level script. It chooses a question and uses ask.awk to present each question and interpret the response. The question pools were downloaded from http://www.ncvec.org/ and then split apart into a separate file for each question using the split.awk script, e.g. "vi T2016*.txt (set fileformat=unix); cd T; gawk -f ../split.awk ../T2016*.txt". The 3 element pools are stored in the T, G, and E directories. The question files will need to be updated when the pools expire or are modified. The T*.png, G*.png, and E*.png files contain the diagrams needed to answer some of the questions. The .png files were derived from the .pdf files that accompany the question pool files on the ncvec.org site, e.g. "cd Epngs; pdftocairo -png ../2016*.pdf E". Alternatively, "convert T1.jpg T1.png". # Copyright (C) 2011-2023 John Nogatch AC6SL