hamexam.10000644000175000017500000000516713470330427010744 0ustar jtnjtn.TH HAMEXAM 1 .SH NAME hamexam \- Study guide for USA FCC amateur radio (ham radio) license examinations. .SH SYNOPSIS .B hamexam {t,g,e,q} .SH DESCRIPTION .B hamexam presents questions in random order from the selected question pool, and terminates when all questions have been answered correctly. The session may be interrupted with ^C, and resumed later. Some questions refer to figures. The figures for the selected question pool are displayed in a separate window using $PNG_VIEWER, if it is executable. If $PNG_VIEWER is undefined, eog(1), gwenview(1), gpicview(1), ristretto(1), will be used, whichever is first found to be an executable command. If $PNG_VIEWER is not an executable command (e.g. ""), or if none of the other viewers are installed, then questions which refer to figures will be noted and skipped. Licenses are issued by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), but examinations are administered by Volunteer Examiners. .SH OPTIONS If no pool is specified, usage, version, and help information is displayed. In normal usage, one of the following options should be specified: .IP .B t Element 2, the Technician Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2022). This is the entry-level license. .B g Element 3, the General Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2023). Element 2 is also required. .B e Element 4, the Extra Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2020). Elements 2 and 3 are also required. .B q The question pool is selected interactively. .SH FILES A directory ~/.hamexam is created to hold the names of the questions which remain to be answered correctly. .SH SEE ALSO For more information regarding licensing, ref. http://www.arrl.org/licensing-preparation-exams For information regarding the question pools, ref. http://www.ncvec.org/ .SH COPYRIGHT .B hamexam is Copyright (c) 2011-2019 John Nogatch AC6SL . .B hamexam version 1.7.0 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. .SH BUGS The question pools are normally good for 4 years, but are sometimes modified; ref. http://www.ncvec.org/ .B hamexam does not automatically update the question pools from the VEC Web site. hamexam.desktop0000644000175000017500000000026111703343073012241 0ustar jtnjtn[Desktop Entry] Name=hamexam GenericName=hamexam Comment=Ham Radio Examination trainer Exec=hamexam q Icon=hamexam Terminal=true Type=Application Categories=Education;HamRadio; hamexam.png0000644000175000017500000000252111705373737011371 0ustar jtnjtnPNG  IHDR00WsBIT|d pHYsbb_'StEXtSoftwarewww.inkscape.org<IDAThmEvti4zav5{ " hÖ>%a#)$ZwH@ tLVB47*65^Las.{`x<3s9?-0L`: TsT])v8 \zu#0ͳ~~O` Zk `<]y0f_#k-AGN$6q;Am<|` 0|0Ri_t#p\o3Gť.dRF񔅥XBR~`Gn0u`|`+yZN+lmN}>ϓ/U4q]v;mRlk}yپ(%+K? ?Wts[]S9+~? !x)2F0y+2eӯBdqfj+ yp( 84 _B%:;}ڏAٟ! ܤ`cs9 Yo 0Şϣx{ /欓Vyu7W{>Wz6<~ʃh!m3Pc׫u'g9S;8uULUNPmsQޣu X)=Î &.@yH&f`D#Z>-&zCAlrBbg2U˕o3WoHZ0S#B1$`3\IkQ}Zltx/49`;_})aU02S[{ `>^s\ mln$5 os LV)0שL0\|3QǶ5g[6q3ʇBE ثː;Fˁ5Hѱ.g`"w\KDߦv94$v?B"iӌP@G>`w;biC }7[[( &M/s5M%od,=4Dc6"F⒛$JPra0`AiAa%u"ȵ][)J\KKcct }G\rwO) t&WjM|p K&!_h #>Dpdy4HWjPTsTsTs4yTIENDB`hamexam.svg0000644000175000017500000000631511705375457011412 0ustar jtnjtn image/svg+xml EXAM HAM T G E Makefile0000644000175000017500000000116211703400033010655 0ustar jtnjtnbuild: echo "null build" clean: echo "null clean" dist: rm -f hamexam.orig.tar.gz tar zcvf hamexam.orig.tar.gz --exclude debian * install: mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share cp -r share $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/hamexam mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin ln -s ../share/hamexam/hamexam $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin/hamexam mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/man/man1 gzip -c hamexam.1 > $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/man/man1/hamexam.1.gz mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/applications cp hamexam.desktop $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/applications/hamexam.desktop mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/pixmaps cp hamexam.png $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/pixmaps/hamexam.png share/0000755000175000017500000000000013470330475010336 5ustar jtnjtnshare/G/0000755000175000017500000000000013470362775010534 5ustar jtnjtnshare/G/G4B050000664000175000017500000000037513467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG4B05 (D) Why is high input impedance desirable for a voltmeter? A. It improves the frequency response B. It decreases battery consumption in the meter C. It improves the resolution of the readings D. It decreases the loading on circuits being measured share/G/G1A090000664000175000017500000000025013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1A09 (C) [97.301(d)] Which of the following frequencies is within the General class portion of the 15-meter band? A. 14250 kHz B. 18155 kHz C. 21300 kHz D. 24900 kHz share/G/G1D060000664000175000017500000000111213467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG1D06 (A) [97.119(f)(2)] When must you add the special identifier "AG" after your call sign if you are a Technician class licensee and have a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General class operator privileges, but the FCC has not yet posted your upgrade on its website? A. Whenever you operate using General class frequency privileges B. Whenever you operate on any amateur frequency C. Whenever you operate using Technician frequency privileges D. A special identifier is not required if your General class license application has been filed with the FCC share/G/G1D050000664000175000017500000000065613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG1D05 (D) [97.509(b)(3)(i)] Which of the following must a person have before they can be an administering VE for a Technician class license examination? A. Notification to the FCC that you want to give an examination B. Receipt of a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General class C. Possession of a properly obtained telegraphy license D. An FCC General class or higher license and VEC accreditation share/G/G0A040000664000175000017500000000052713467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG0A04 (D) What does "time averaging" mean in reference to RF radiation exposure? A. The average amount of power developed by the transmitter over a specific 24-hour period B. The average time it takes RF radiation to have any long-term effect on the body C. The total time of the exposure D. The total RF exposure averaged over a certain time share/G/G5C060000664000175000017500000000027713467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG5C06 (C) What is the RMS voltage across a 500-turn secondary winding in a transformer if the 2250-turn primary is connected to 120 VAC? A. 2370 volts B. 540 volts C. 26.7 volts D. 5.9 volts share/G/G4E020000664000175000017500000000047413467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG4E02 (D) What is the purpose of a corona ball on an HF mobile antenna? A. To narrow the operating bandwidth of the antenna B. To increase the "Q" of the antenna C. To reduce the chance of damage if the antenna should strike an object D. To reduce RF voltage discharge from the tip of the antenna while transmitting share/G/G9D020000664000175000017500000000023013467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG9D02 (D) What is the feed-point impedance of an end-fed half-wave antenna? A. Very low B. Approximately 50 ohms C. Approximately 300 ohms D. Very high share/G/G1A120000664000175000017500000000105313467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG1A12 (C) [97.303] Which of the following applies when the FCC rules designate the Amateur Service as a secondary user on a band? A. Amateur stations must record the call sign of the primary service station before operating on a frequency assigned to that station B. Amateur stations can use the band only during emergencies C. Amateur stations can use the band only if they do not cause harmful interference to primary users D. Amateur stations may only operate during specific hours of the day, while primary users are permitted 24-hour use of the band share/G/G1E060000664000175000017500000000030613467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1E06 (C) [97.301, ITU Radio Regulations] The frequency allocations of which ITU region apply to radio amateurs operating in North and South America? A. Region 4 B. Region 3 C. Region 2 D. Region 1 share/G/G6A090000664000175000017500000000047413467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG6A09 (B) Which of the following describes the construction of a MOSFET? A. The gate is formed by a back-biased junction B. The gate is separated from the channel with a thin insulating layer C. The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating layer D. The source is formed by depositing metal on silicon share/G/G0A070000664000175000017500000000061413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG0A07 (A) What effect does transmitter duty cycle have when evaluating RF exposure? A. A lower transmitter duty cycle permits greater short-term exposure levels B. A higher transmitter duty cycle permits greater short-term exposure levels C. Low duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure evaluation requirements D. High duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure requirements share/G/G4D110000664000175000017500000000047313467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG4D11 (B) How close to the upper edge of the phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide USB? A. At least 3 kHz above the edge of the band B. At least 3 kHz below the edge of the band C. At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment D. At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment share/G/G5C130000664000175000017500000000031513467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5C13 (C) Which of the following components should be added to a capacitor to increase the capacitance? A. An inductor in series B. A resistor in series C. A capacitor in parallel D. A capacitor in series share/G/G9B080000664000175000017500000000043513467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG9B08 (A) How does the feed point impedance of a 1/2 wave dipole change as the feed point is moved from the center toward the ends? A. It steadily increases B. It steadily decreases C. It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength from the end D. It is unaffected by the location of the feed point share/G/G0A080000664000175000017500000000060413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG0A08 (C) Which of the following steps must an amateur operator take to ensure compliance with RF safety regulations when transmitter power exceeds levels specified in FCC Part 97.13? A. Post a copy of FCC Part 97.13 in the station B. Post a copy of OET Bulletin 65 in the station C. Perform a routine RF exposure evaluation D. Contact the FCC for a visit to conduct a station evaluation share/G/G6B010000664000175000017500000000033413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG6B01 (C) What determines the performance of a ferrite core at different frequencies? A. Its conductivity B. Its thickness C. The composition, or "mix," of materials used D. The ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter share/G/G4D040000664000175000017500000000017413467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG4D04 (C) What does an S meter measure? A. Conductance B. Impedance C. Received signal strength D. Transmitter power output share/G/G4E040000664000175000017500000000066213467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG4E04 (B) Why is it best NOT to draw the DC power for a 100 watt HF transceiver from a vehicle's auxiliary power socket? A. The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cable B. The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current drawn by the transceiver C. The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceivers D. Drawing more than 50 watts from this socket could cause the engine to overheat share/G/G5C090000664000175000017500000000025113467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG5C09 (C) What is the capacitance of three 100 microfarad capacitors connected in series? A. 0.30 microfarads B. 0.33 microfarads C. 33.3 microfarads D. 300 microfarads share/G/G4B030000664000175000017500000000031013467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG4B03 (A) Which of the following is the best instrument to use when checking the keying waveform of a CW transmitter? A. An oscilloscope B. A field strength meter C. A sidetone monitor D. A wavemeter share/G/G7A010000664000175000017500000000043413467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG7A01 (B) What useful feature does a power supply bleeder resistor provide? A. It acts as a fuse for excess voltage B. It ensures that the filter capacitors are discharged when power is removed C. It removes shock hazards from the induction coils D. It eliminates ground loop current share/G/G2A050000664000175000017500000000025513467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2A05 (C) Which mode of voice communication is most commonly used on the HF amateur bands? A. Frequency modulation B. Double sideband C. Single sideband D. Phase modulation share/G/G9A030000664000175000017500000000022213467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG9A03 (D) What is the typical characteristic impedance of "window line" parallel transmission line? A. 50 ohms B. 75 ohms C. 100 ohms D. 450 ohms share/G/G2E030000664000175000017500000000040713467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2E03 (D) What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or WINMOR transmission? A. Frequent retries or timeouts B. Long pauses in message transmission C. Failure to establish a connection between stations D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4A080000664000175000017500000000053013467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG4A08 (D) What is the correct adjustment for the load or coupling control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier? A. Minimum SWR on the antenna B. Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid current C. Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid current D. Maximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current share/G/G2B020000664000175000017500000000056313467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2B02 (B) What is the first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress break in? A. Continue your communication because you were on the frequency first B. Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed C. Change to a different frequency D. Immediately cease all transmissions share/G/G4B020000664000175000017500000000036613467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4B02 (D) Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter? A. An oscilloscope uses less power B. Complex impedances can be easily measured C. Input impedance is much lower D. Complex waveforms can be measured share/G/G1C080000664000175000017500000000027713467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG1C08 (D) [97.307(f)(3)] What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmitted at frequencies below 28 MHz? A. 56 kilobaud B. 19.6 kilobaud C. 1200 baud D. 300 baud share/G/G0B100000664000175000017500000000053313467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG0B10 (A) Which of the following is a danger from lead-tin solder? A. Lead can contaminate food if hands are not washed carefully after handling the solder B. High voltages can cause lead-tin solder to disintegrate suddenly C. Tin in the solder can "cold flow," causing shorts in the circuit D. RF energy can convert the lead into a poisonous gas share/G/G8C080000664000175000017500000000051713467621747011220 0ustar jtnjtnG8C08 (B) Which of the following statements is true about PSK31? A. Upper case letters are sent with more power B. Upper case letters use longer Varicode bit sequences and thus slow down transmission C. Error correction is used to ensure accurate message reception D. Higher power is needed as compared to RTTY for similar error rates share/G/G2A070000664000175000017500000000072013467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2A07 (B) Which of the following statements is true of the single sideband voice mode? A. Only one sideband and the carrier are transmitted; the other sideband is suppressed B. Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed C. SSB is the only voice mode that is authorized on the 20-meter, 15-meter, and 10-meter amateur bands D. SSB is the only voice mode that is authorized on the 160-meter, 75-meter, and 40-meter amateur bands share/G/G3A010000664000175000017500000000065713467621400011171 0ustar jtnjtnG3A01 (A) What is the significance of the sunspot number with regard to HF propagation? A. Higher sunspot numbers generally indicate a greater probability of good propagation at higher frequencies B. Lower sunspot numbers generally indicate greater probability of sporadic E propagation C. A zero sunspot number indicates that radio propagation is not possible on any band D. A zero sunspot number indicates undisturbed conditions share/G/G4A060000664000175000017500000000032013467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4A06 (C) What type of device is often used to match transmitter output impedance to an impedance not equal to 50 ohms? A. Balanced modulator B. SWR bridge C. Antenna coupler or antenna tuner D. Q multiplier share/G/G0B080000664000175000017500000000052313467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG0B08 (B) What should be done by any person preparing to climb a tower that supports electrically powered devices? A. Notify the electric company that a person will be working on the tower B. Make sure all circuits that supply power to the tower are locked out and tagged C. Unground the base of the tower D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4C020000664000175000017500000000051213467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG4C02 (C) Which of the following could be a cause of interference covering a wide range of frequencies? A. Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennas B. Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in power conductors C. Arcing at a poor electrical connection D. Using a balun to feed an unbalanced antenna share/G/G2E120000664000175000017500000000020313467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG2E12 (D) Which of the following connectors would be a good choice for a serial data port? A. PL-259 B. Type N C. Type SMA D. DE-9 share/G/G8A070000664000175000017500000000024113467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG8A07 (A) Which of the following phone emissions uses the narrowest bandwidth? A. Single sideband B. Double sideband C. Phase modulation D. Frequency modulation share/G/G5B130000664000175000017500000000031413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG5B13 (B) What is the output PEP of an unmodulated carrier if an average reading wattmeter connected to the transmitter output indicates 1060 watts? A. 530 watts B. 1060 watts C. 1500 watts D. 2120 watts share/G/G0B110000664000175000017500000000052013467606075011170 0ustar jtnjtnG0B11 (D) Which of the following is good practice for lightning protection grounds? A. They must be bonded to all buried water and gas lines B. Bends in ground wires must be made as close as possible to a right angle C. Lightning grounds must be connected to all ungrounded wiring D. They must be bonded together with all other grounds share/G/G9D110000664000175000017500000000037213467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9D11 (D) Which of the following is a disadvantage of multiband antennas? A. They present low impedance on all design frequencies B. They must be used with an antenna tuner C. They must be fed with open wire line D. They have poor harmonic rejection share/G/G1C100000664000175000017500000000031013467606075011166 0ustar jtnjtnG1C10 (C) [97.305(c) and 97.307(f)(4)] What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmissions on the 10-meter band? A. 56 kilobaud B. 19.6 kilobaud C. 1200 baud D. 300 baud share/G/G5B040000664000175000017500000000022513467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG5B04 (A) How many watts of electrical power are used by a 12 VDC light bulb that draws 0.2 amperes? A. 2.4 watts B. 24 watts C. 6 watts D. 60 watts share/G/G5C160000664000175000017500000000067413467606075011215 0ustar jtnjtnG5C16 (B) Why is the conductor of the primary winding of many voltage step-up transformers larger in diameter than the conductor of the secondary winding? A. To improve the coupling between the primary and secondary B. To accommodate the higher current of the primary C. To prevent parasitic oscillations due to resistive losses in the primary D. To ensure that the volume of the primary winding is equal to the volume of the secondary winding share/G/G1A110000664000175000017500000000067413467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1A11 (B) [97.301] When General class licensees are not permitted to use the entire voice portion of a band, which portion of the voice segment is generally available to them? A. The lower frequency end B. The upper frequency end C. The lower frequency end on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the upper end on frequencies above 14.150 MHz D. The upper frequency end on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the lower end on frequencies above 14.150 MHz share/G/G4A100000664000175000017500000000034713467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4A10 (B) What is the purpose of an electronic keyer? A. Automatic transmit/receive switching B. Automatic generation of strings of dots and dashes for CW operation C. VOX operation D. Computer interface for PSK and RTTY operation share/G/G1D040000664000175000017500000000067613467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG1D04 (A) [97.509(3)(i)(c)] Which of the following is a requirement for administering a Technician class license examination? A. At least three General class or higher VEs must observe the examination B. At least two General class or higher VEs must be present C. At least two General class or higher VEs must be present, but only one need be Amateur Extra class D. At least three VEs of Technician class or higher must observe the examination share/G/G9C080000664000175000017500000000050513467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG9C08 (D) What is meant by the "main lobe" of a directive antenna? A. The magnitude of the maximum vertical angle of radiation B. The point of maximum current in a radiating antenna element C. The maximum voltage standing wave point on a radiating element D. The direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna share/G/G9C150000664000175000017500000000061413467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG9C15 (A) What is meant by the terms dBi and dBd when referring to antenna gain? A. dBi refers to an isotropic antenna, dBd refers to a dipole antenna B. dBi refers to an ionospheric reflecting antenna, dBd refers to a dissipative antenna C. dBi refers to an inverted-vee antenna, dBd refers to a downward reflecting antenna D. dBi refers to an isometric antenna, dBd refers to a discone antenna share/G/G2D050000664000175000017500000000121113467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG2D05 (C) Which of the following is a good way to indicate on a clear frequency in the HF phone bands that you are looking for a contact with any station? A. Sign your call sign once, followed by the words "listening for a call" -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat B. Say "QTC" followed by "this is" and your call sign -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat C. Repeat "CQ" a few times, followed by "this is," then your call sign a few times, then pause to listen, repeat as necessary D. Transmit an unmodulated carried for approximately 10 seconds, followed by "this is" and your call sign, and pause to listen -- repeat as necessary share/G/G8B040000664000175000017500000000033213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG8B04 (D) What is the stage in a VHF FM transmitter that generates a harmonic of a lower frequency signal to reach the desired operating frequency? A. Mixer B. Reactance modulator C. Pre-emphasis network D. Multiplier share/G/G1C010000664000175000017500000000031513467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG1C01 (A) [97.313(c)(1)] What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 10.140 MHz? A. 200 watts PEP output B. 1000 watts PEP output C. 1500 watts PEP output D. 2000 watts PEP output share/G/G7B050000664000175000017500000000012113467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7B05 (C) How many states does a 3-bit binary counter have? A. 3 B. 6 C. 8 D. 16 share/G/G3C040000664000175000017500000000060713467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG3C04 (D) What does the term "critical angle" mean, as used in radio wave propagation? A. The long path azimuth of a distant station B. The short path azimuth of a distant station C. The lowest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions D. The highest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions share/G/G0B140000664000175000017500000000040213467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG0B14 (B) What precaution should you take whenever you adjust or repair an antenna? A. Ensure that you and the antenna structure are grounded B. Turn off the transmitter and disconnect the feed line C. Wear a radiation badge D. All these choices are correct share/G/G0B050000664000175000017500000000062713467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG0B05 (B) Which of the following conditions will cause a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) to disconnect the 120 or 240 Volt AC line power to a device? A. Current flowing from one or more of the voltage-carrying wires to the neutral wire B. Current flowing from one or more of the voltage-carrying wires directly to ground C. Overvoltage on the voltage-carrying wires D. All these choices are correct share/G/G7C030000664000175000017500000000033513467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7C03 (C) What circuit is used to process signals from the RF amplifier and local oscillator then send the result to the IF filter in a superheterodyne receiver? A. Balanced modulator B. IF amplifier C. Mixer D. Detector share/G/G7C150000664000175000017500000000020613467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7C15 (A) What term specifies a filter's attenuation inside its passband? A. Insertion loss B. Return loss C. Q D. Ultimate rejection share/G/G7B020000664000175000017500000000017013467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG7B02 (D) Which of these classes of amplifiers has the highest efficiency? A. Class A B. Class B C. Class AB D. Class C share/G/G1E030000664000175000017500000000072713467620625011203 0ustar jtnjtnG1E03 (A) [97.221] What is required to conduct communications with a digital station operating under automatic control outside the automatic control band segments? A. The station initiating the contact must be under local or remote control B. The interrogating transmission must be made by another automatically controlled station C. No third-party traffic may be transmitted D. The control operator of the interrogating station must hold an Amateur Extra Class license share/G/G2A020000664000175000017500000000032313467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG2A02 (B) Which of the following modes is most commonly used for voice communications on the 160-meter, 75-meter, and 40-meter bands? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Vestigial sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G4E070000664000175000017500000000033713467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG4E07 (D) Which of the following may cause receive interference in a radio installed in a vehicle? A. The battery charging system B. The fuel delivery system C. The vehicle control computer D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1D100000664000175000017500000000025713467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG1D10 (B) [97.509(b)(2)] What is the minimum age that one must be to qualify as an accredited Volunteer Examiner? A. 12 years B. 18 years C. 21 years D. There is no age limit share/G/G7B030000664000175000017500000000043413467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG7B03 (B) Which of the following describes the function of a two-input AND gate? A. Output is high when either or both inputs are low B. Output is high only when both inputs are high C. Output is low when either or both inputs are high D. Output is low only when both inputs are high share/G/G0B060000664000175000017500000000033613467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG0B06 (C) Which of the following is covered by the National Electrical Code? A. Acceptable bandwidth limits B. Acceptable modulation limits C. Electrical safety inside the ham shack D. RF exposure limits of the human body share/G/G4E110000664000175000017500000000066013467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4E11 (C) Which of the following is a disadvantage of using wind as the primary source of power for an emergency station? A. The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electrical energy is less than 2 percent B. The voltage and current ratings of such systems are not compatible with amateur equipment C. A large energy storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowing D. All these choices are correct share/G/G0A030000664000175000017500000000044713467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG0A03 (D) [97.13(c)(1)] How can you determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? A. By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 B. By calculation based on computer modeling C. By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2C060000664000175000017500000000041113467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2C06 (D) What does the term "zero beat" mean in CW operation? A. Matching the speed of the transmitting station B. Operating split to avoid interference on frequency C. Sending without error D. Matching the transmit frequency to the frequency of a received signal share/G/G4C130000664000175000017500000000045713467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG4C13 (D) Why must the metal enclosure of every item of station equipment be grounded? A. It prevents a blown fuse in the event of an internal short circuit B. It prevents signal overload C. It ensures that the neutral wire is grounded D. It ensures that hazardous voltages cannot appear on the chassis share/G/G0A010000664000175000017500000000032613467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG0A01 (A) What is one way that RF energy can affect human body tissue? A. It heats body tissue B. It causes radiation poisoning C. It causes the blood count to reach a dangerously low level D. It cools body tissue share/G/G1E040000664000175000017500000000063713467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG1E04 (D) [97.13(b), 97.303, 97.311(b)] Which of the following conditions require a licensed Amateur Radio operator to take specific steps to avoid harmful interference to other users or facilities? A. When operating within one mile of an FCC Monitoring Station B. When using a band where the Amateur Service is secondary C. When a station is transmitting spread spectrum emissions D. All these choices are correct share/G/G7C100000664000175000017500000000054313467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG7C10 (B) What is an advantage of using I and Q signals in software-defined radios (SDRs)? A. The need for high resolution analog-to-digital converters is eliminated B. All types of modulation can be created with appropriate processing. C. Minimum detectible signal level is reduced D. Converting the signal from digital to analog creates mixing products share/G/G2A120000664000175000017500000000034613467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2A12 (B) What control is typically adjusted for proper ALC setting on an amateur single sideband transceiver? A. The RF clipping level B. Transmit audio or microphone gain C. Antenna inductance or capacitance D. Attenuator level share/G/G7A020000664000175000017500000000026013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7A02 (D) Which of the following components are used in a power supply filter network? A. Diodes B. Transformers and transducers C. Quartz crystals D. Capacitors and inductors share/G/G4D090000664000175000017500000000033313467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG4D09 (B) What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz USB signal with the displayed carrier frequency set to 14.347 MHz? A. 14.347 to 14.647 MHz B. 14.347 to 14.350 MHz C. 14.344 to 14.347 MHz D. 14.3455 to 14.3485 MHz share/G/G3B040000664000175000017500000000072113467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG3B04 (A) What is a reliable way to determine if the MUF is high enough to support skip propagation between your station and a distant location on frequencies between 14 and 30 MHz? A. Listen for signals from an international beacon in the frequency range you plan to use B. Send a series of dots on the band and listen for echoes from your signal C. Check the strength of TV signals from western Europe D. Check the strength of signals in the MF AM broadcast band share/G/G9A120000664000175000017500000000055613467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG9A12 (B) What is the interaction between high standing wave ratio (SWR) and transmission line loss? A. There is no interaction between transmission line loss and SWR B. If a transmission line is lossy, high SWR will increase the loss C. High SWR makes it difficult to measure transmission line loss D. High SWR reduces the relative effect of transmission line loss share/G/G1D080000664000175000017500000000066113467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG1D08 (B) [97.509(b)(3)] Which of the following criteria must be met for a non-U.S. citizen to be an accredited Volunteer Examiner? A. The person must be a resident of the U.S. for a minimum of 5 years B. The person must hold an FCC granted Amateur Radio license of General class or above C. The person's home citizenship must be in ITU region 2 D. None of these choices is correct; a non-U.S. citizen cannot be a Volunteer Examiner share/G/G9C070000664000175000017500000000055713467606075011221 0ustar jtnjtnG9C07 (C) What does "front-to-back ratio" mean in reference to a Yagi antenna? A. The number of directors versus the number of reflectors B. The relative position of the driven element with respect to the reflectors and directors C. The power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to that in the opposite direction D. The ratio of forward gain to dipole gain share/G/G9C100000664000175000017500000000043413467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG9C10 (D) Which of the following can be adjusted to optimize forward gain, front-to-back ratio, or SWR bandwidth of a Yagi antenna? A. The physical length of the boom B. The number of elements on the boom C. The spacing of each element along the boom D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2E150000664000175000017500000000035613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG2E15 (B) Which of the following is a requirement when using the FT8 digital mode? A. A special hardware modem B. Computer time accurate within approximately 1 second C. Receiver attenuator set to -12 dB D. A vertically polarized antenna share/G/G7A060000664000175000017500000000021713467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7A06 (D) What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a full-wave rectifier? A. 90 degrees B. 180 degrees C. 270 degrees D. 360 degrees share/G/G9D010000664000175000017500000000065213467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9D01 (A) Which of the following antenna types will be most effective as a Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) antenna for short-skip communications on 40 meters during the day? A. A horizontal dipole placed between 1/10 and 1/4 wavelength above the ground B. A vertical antenna placed between 1/4 and 1/2 wavelength above the ground C. A left-hand circularly polarized antenna D. A right-hand circularly polarized antenna share/G/G6A070000664000175000017500000000044013467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG6A07 (A) What are the stable operating points for a bipolar transistor used as a switch in a logic circuit? A. Its saturation and cutoff regions B. Its active region (between the cutoff and saturation regions) C. Its peak and valley current points D. Its enhancement and depletion modes share/G/G6B120000664000175000017500000000021713467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG6B12 (C) Which of these connector types is commonly used for audio signals in Amateur Radio stations? A. PL-259 B. BNC C. RCA Phono D. Type N share/G/G1D070000664000175000017500000000035313467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG1D07 (C) [97.509(b)(1)] Volunteer Examiners are accredited by what organization? A. The Federal Communications Commission B. The Universal Licensing System C. A Volunteer Examiner Coordinator D. The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau share/G/G2B100000664000175000017500000000045013467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2B10 (C) [97.405(b)] When is an amateur station allowed to use any means at its disposal to assist another station in distress? A. Only when transmitting in RACES B. At any time when transmitting in an organized net C. At any time during an actual emergency D. Only on authorized HF frequencies share/G/G2E080000664000175000017500000000045613467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG2E08 (D) In what segment of the 20-meter band are most PSK31 operations commonly found? A. At the bottom of the slow-scan TV segment, near 14.230 MHz B. At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz C. In the middle of the CW segment, near 14.100 MHz D. Below the RTTY segment, near 14.070 MHz share/G/G1E010000664000175000017500000000055413467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1E01 (A) [97.115(b)(2)] Which of the following would disqualify a third party from participating in stating a message over an amateur station? A. The third party's amateur license has been revoked and not reinstated B. The third party is not a U.S. citizen C. The third party is a licensed amateur D. The third party is speaking in a language other than English share/G/G2C090000664000175000017500000000022313467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2C09 (C) What does the Q signal "QSL" mean? A. Send slower B. We have already confirmed by card C. I acknowledge receipt D. We have worked before share/G/G5B050000664000175000017500000000034213467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5B05 (A) How many watts are dissipated when a current of 7.0 milliamperes flows through a 1250 ohm resistance? A. Approximately 61 milliwatts B. Approximately 61 watts C. Approximately 11 milliwatts D. Approximately 11 watts share/G/G8B010000664000175000017500000000031613467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG8B01 (B) Which mixer input is varied or tuned to convert signals of different frequencies to an intermediate frequency (IF)? A. Image frequency B. Local oscillator C. RF input D. Beat frequency oscillator share/G/G0B090000664000175000017500000000046613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG0B09 (A) Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation? A. The generator should be located in a well-ventilated area B. The generator must be insulated from ground C. Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergency D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9B050000664000175000017500000000066213467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG9B05 (C) How does antenna height affect the horizontal (azimuthal) radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna? A. If the antenna is too high, the pattern becomes unpredictable B. Antenna height has no effect on the pattern C. If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, the azimuthal pattern is almost omnidirectional D. If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated share/G/G8A090000664000175000017500000000027013467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG8A09 (A) What type of modulation is used by the FT8 digital mode? A. 8-tone frequency shift keying B. Vestigial sideband C. Amplitude compressed AM D. Direct sequence spread spectrum share/G/G5C020000664000175000017500000000061513467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG5C02 (A) What happens if a signal is applied to the secondary winding of a 4:1 voltage step-down transformer instead of the primary winding? A. The output voltage is multiplied by 4 B. The output voltage is divided by 4 C. Additional resistance must be added in series with the primary to prevent overload D. Additional resistance must be added in parallel with the secondary to prevent overload share/G/G4A010000664000175000017500000000051213467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG4A01 (B) What is the purpose of the "notch filter" found on many HF transceivers? A. To restrict the transmitter voice bandwidth B. To reduce interference from carriers in the receiver passband C. To eliminate receiver interference from impulse noise sources D. To enhance the reception of a specific frequency on a crowded band share/G/G9A090000664000175000017500000000023713467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG9A09 (A) What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to a non-reactive load having 200 ohm impedance? A. 4:1 B. 1:4 C. 2:1 D. 1:2 share/G/G2D070000664000175000017500000000031313467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2D07 (D) Which of the following are examples of the NATO Phonetic Alphabet? A. Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog B. Adam, Boy, Charles, David C. America, Boston, Canada, Denmark D. Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta share/G/G1C040000664000175000017500000000064713467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG1C04 (A) [97.313(a)] Which of the following limitations apply to transmitter power on every amateur band? A. Only the minimum power necessary to carry out the desired communications should be used B. Power must be limited to 200 watts when using data transmissions C. Power should be limited as necessary to avoid interference to another radio service on the frequency D. Effective radiated power cannot exceed 1500 watts share/G/G0B040000664000175000017500000000042713467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG0B04 (A) Which of the following is a primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area? A. Danger of carbon monoxide poisoning B. Danger of engine over torque C. Lack of oxygen for adequate combustion D. Lack of nitrogen for adequate combustion share/G/G9A010000664000175000017500000000063513467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG9A01 (A) Which of the following factors determine the characteristic impedance of a parallel conductor antenna feed line? A. The distance between the centers of the conductors and the radius of the conductors B. The distance between the centers of the conductors and the length of the line C. The radius of the conductors and the frequency of the signal D. The frequency of the signal and the length of the line share/G/G0A090000664000175000017500000000043513467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG0A09 (B) What type of instrument can be used to accurately measure an RF field? A. A receiver with an S meter B. A calibrated field strength meter with a calibrated antenna C. An SWR meter with a peak-reading function D. An oscilloscope with a high-stability crystal marker generator share/G/G4A150000664000175000017500000000050213467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4A15 (D) Which of the following can be a symptom of transmitted RF being picked up by an audio cable carrying AFSK data signals between a computer and a transceiver? A. The VOX circuit does not un-key the transmitter B. The transmitter signal is distorted C. Frequent connection timeouts D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9B040000664000175000017500000000055213467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9B04 (A) What is the radiation pattern of a dipole antenna in free space in a plane containing the conductor? A. It is a figure-eight at right angles to the antenna B. It is a figure-eight off both ends of the antenna C. It is a circle (equal radiation in all directions) D. It has a pair of lobes on one side of the antenna and a single lobe on the other side share/G/G1A130000664000175000017500000000067513467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG1A13 (D) [97.303(5)(h)(2)(j)] What is the appropriate action if, when operating on either the 30-meter or 60-meter bands, a station in the primary service interferes with your contact? A. Notify the FCCs regional Engineer in Charge of the interference B. Increase your transmitter's power to overcome the interference C. Attempt to contact the station and request that it stop the interference D. Move to a clear frequency or stop transmitting share/G/G6A130000664000175000017500000000046413467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG6A13 (D) Why is the polarity of applied voltages important for polarized capacitors? A. Incorrect polarity can cause the capacitor to short-circuit B. Reverse voltages can destroy the dielectric layer of an electrolytic capacitor C. The capacitor could overheat and explode D. All these choices are correct share/G/G8B070000664000175000017500000000027413467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG8B07 (B) What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21 MHz reactance modulated oscillator in a 5 kHz deviation, 146.52 MHz FM phone transmitter? A. 101.75 Hz B. 416.7 Hz C. 5 kHz D. 60 kHz share/G/G4E050000664000175000017500000000040513467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4E05 (C) Which of the following most limits an HF mobile installation? A. "Picket fencing" B. The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceiver C. Efficiency of the electrically short antenna D. FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75-meter band share/G/G5B060000664000175000017500000000033513467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG5B06 (B) What is the output PEP from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 200 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output? A. 1.4 watts B. 100 watts C. 353.5 watts D. 400 watts share/G/G4B130000664000175000017500000000045113467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4B13 (C) What is a use for an antenna analyzer other than measuring the SWR of an antenna system? A. Measuring the front-to-back ratio of an antenna B. Measuring the turns ratio of a power transformer C. Determining the impedance of coaxial cable D. Determining the gain of a directional antenna share/G/G2E100000664000175000017500000000045713467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG2E10 (D) Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station? A. Send an email to the system control operator B. Send QRL in Morse code C. Respond when the station broadcasts its SSID D. Transmit a connect message on the station's published frequency share/G/G5A040000664000175000017500000000023613467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5A04 (C) Which of the following causes opposition to the flow of alternating current in a capacitor? A. Conductance B. Reluctance C. Reactance D. Admittance share/G/G3C080000664000175000017500000000057513467621447011214 0ustar jtnjtnG3C08 (A) Why are HF scatter signals in the skip zone usually weak? A. Only a small part of the signal energy is scattered into the skip zone B. Signals are scattered from the magnetosphere, which is not a good reflector C. Propagation is through ground waves, which absorb most of the signal energy D. Propagation is through ducts in the F region, which absorb most of the energy share/G/G9C140000664000175000017500000000033013467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9C14 (A) How does the forward gain of a two-element quad antenna compare to the forward gain of a three-element Yagi antenna? A. About the same B. About 2/3 as much C. About 1.5 times as much D. About twice as much share/G/G9D050000664000175000017500000000046013467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG9D05 (D) What is an advantage of vertical stacking of horizontally polarized Yagi antennas? A. It allows quick selection of vertical or horizontal polarization B. It allows simultaneous vertical and horizontal polarization C. It narrows the main lobe in azimuth D. It narrows the main lobe in elevation share/G/G3B080000664000175000017500000000043713467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG3B08 (B) What does MUF stand for? A. The Minimum Usable Frequency for communications between two points B. The Maximum Usable Frequency for communications between two points C. The Minimum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period D. The Maximum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period share/G/G5B030000664000175000017500000000022613467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG5B03 (B) How many watts of electrical power are used if 400 VDC is supplied to an 800 ohm load? A. 0.5 watts B. 200 watts C. 400 watts D. 3200 watts share/G/G3C020000664000175000017500000000032313467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG3C02 (A) Where on Earth do ionospheric layers reach their maximum height? A. Where the sun is overhead B. Where the sun is on the opposite side of Earth C. Where the sun is rising D. Where the sun has just set share/G/G4C090000664000175000017500000000041513467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG4C09 (D) How can a ground loop be avoided? A. Connect all ground conductors in series B. Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire C. Avoid using lock washers and star washers when making ground connections D. Connect all ground conductors to a single point share/G/G0B070000664000175000017500000000061113467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG0B07 (B) Which of these choices should be observed when climbing a tower using a safety belt or harness? A. Never lean back and rely on the belt alone to support your weight B. Confirm that the belt is rated for the weight of the climber and that it is within its allowable service life C. Ensure that all heavy tools are securely fastened to the belt D-ring D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2E010000664000175000017500000000017513467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2E01 (D) Which mode is normally used when sending RTTY signals via AFSK with an SSB transmitter? A. USB B. DSB C. CW D. LSB share/G/G8C010000664000175000017500000000020213467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG8C01 (C) On what band do amateurs share channels with the unlicensed Wi-Fi service? A. 432 MHz B. 902 MHz C. 2.4 GHz D. 10.7 GHz share/G/G8B120000664000175000017500000000026313467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG8B12 (A) What process combines two signals in a non-linear circuit or connection to produce unwanted spurious outputs? A. Intermodulation B. Heterodyning C. Detection D. Rolloff share/G/G6A050000664000175000017500000000022113467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG6A05 (C) What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a conventional silicon diode? A. 0.1 volt B. 0.3 volts C. 0.7 volts D. 1.0 volts share/G/G3A100000664000175000017500000000041413467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG3A10 (C) What causes HF propagation conditions to vary periodically in a roughly 28-day cycle? A. Long term oscillations in the upper atmosphere B. Cyclic variation in Earth's radiation belts C. The sun's rotation on its axis D. The position of the moon in its orbit share/G/G7B040000664000175000017500000000043513467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG7B04 (C) Which of the following describes the function of a two input NOR gate? A. Output is high when either or both inputs are low B. Output is high only when both inputs are high C. Output is low when either or both inputs are high D. Output is low only when both inputs are high share/G/G4D020000664000175000017500000000037213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4D02 (B) Which of the following describes how a speech processor affects a transmitted single sideband phone signal? A. It increases peak power B. It increases average power C. It reduces harmonic distortion D. It reduces intermodulation distortion share/G/G9A040000664000175000017500000000051613467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG9A04 (C) What might cause reflected power at the point where a feed line connects to an antenna? A. Operating an antenna at its resonant frequency B. Using more transmitter power than the antenna can handle C. A difference between feed-line impedance and antenna feed-point impedance D. Feeding the antenna with unbalanced feed line share/G/G4A160000664000175000017500000000033513467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4A16 (C) How does a noise blanker work? A. By temporarily increasing received bandwidth B. By redirecting noise pulses into a filter capacitor C. By reducing receiver gain during a noise pulse D. By clipping noise peaks share/G/G0B120000664000175000017500000000052213467622070011164 0ustar jtnjtnG0B12 (C) What is the purpose of a power supply interlock? A. To prevent unauthorized changes to the circuit that would void the manufacturer's warranty B. To shut down the unit if it becomes too hot C. To ensure that dangerous voltages are removed if the cabinet is opened D. To shut off the power supply if too much voltage is produced share/G/G7B060000664000175000017500000000034213467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7B06 (A) What is a shift register? A. A clocked array of circuits that passes data in steps along the array B. An array of operational amplifiers used for tri-state arithmetic operations C. A digital mixer D. An analog mixer share/G/G8C050000664000175000017500000000046313467621700011202 0ustar jtnjtnG8C05 (A) In the PACTOR protocol, what is meant by a NAK response to a transmitted packet? A. The receiver is requesting the packet be retransmitted B. The receiver is reporting the packet was received without error C. The receiver is busy decoding the packet D. The entire file has been received correctly share/G/G1B100000664000175000017500000000024113467606075011170 0ustar jtnjtnG1B10 (C) [97.203(c)] What is the power limit for beacon stations? A. 10 watts PEP output B. 20 watts PEP output C. 100 watts PEP output D. 200 watts PEP output share/G/G4B010000664000175000017500000000024113467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG4B01 (D) What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers? A. An ohmmeter B. A signal generator C. An ammeter D. An oscilloscope share/G/G3A140000664000175000017500000000040013467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG3A14 (B) How are radio communications usually affected by the charged particles that reach Earth from solar coronal holes? A. HF communications are improved B. HF communications are disturbed C. VHF/UHF ducting is improved D. VHF/UHF ducting is disturbed share/G/G9D040000664000175000017500000000031213467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9D04 (A) What is the primary purpose of antenna traps? A. To permit multiband operation B. To notch spurious frequencies C. To provide balanced feed-point impedance D. To prevent out-of-band operation share/G/G9C050000664000175000017500000000030113467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG9C05 (A) How does increasing boom length and adding directors affect a Yagi antenna? A. Gain increases B. Beamwidth increases C. Front-to-back ratio decreases D. Front-to-side ratio decreases share/G/G1C090000664000175000017500000000033313467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG1C09 (A) [97.305(c) and 97.307(f)(5)] What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmitted on the 1.25-meter and 70-centimeter bands? A. 56 kilobaud B. 19.6 kilobaud C. 1200 baud D. 300 baud share/G/G1C150000664000175000017500000000020613467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1C15 (D) [97.313] What measurement is specified by FCC rules that regulate maximum power output? A. RMS B. Average C. Forward D. PEP share/G/G6B050000664000175000017500000000041713467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG6B05 (C) What is meant when memory is characterized as non-volatile? A. It is resistant to radiation damage B. It is resistant to high temperatures C. The stored information is maintained even if power is removed D. The stored information cannot be changed once written share/G/G9C060000664000175000017500000000100013467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG9C06 (D) What configuration of the loops of a two-element quad antenna must be used for the antenna to operate as a beam antenna, assuming one of the elements is used as a reflector? A. The driven element must be fed with a balun transformer B. There must be an open circuit in the driven element at the point opposite the feed point C. The reflector element must be approximately 5 percent shorter than the driven element D. The reflector element must be approximately 5 percent longer than the driven element share/G/G9A060000664000175000017500000000023613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9A06 (D) In what units is RF feed line loss usually expressed? A. Ohms per 1000 feet B. Decibels per 1000 feet C. Ohms per 100 feet D. Decibels per 100 feet share/G/G7B070000664000175000017500000000041513467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG7B07 (D) Which of the following are basic components of a sine wave oscillator? A. An amplifier and a divider B. A frequency multiplier and a mixer C. A circulator and a filter operating in a feed-forward loop D. A filter and an amplifier operating in a feedback loop share/G/G2E130000664000175000017500000000017513467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG2E13 (A) Which communication system sometimes uses the internet to transfer messages? A. Winlink B. RTTY C. ARES D. SKYWARN share/G/G5C050000664000175000017500000000023113467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG5C05 (C) If three equal value resistors in series produce 450 ohms, what is the value of each resistor? A. 1500 ohms B. 90 ohms C. 150 ohms D. 175 ohms share/G/G7C070000664000175000017500000000040313467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7C07 (C) What is the simplest combination of stages that implement a superheterodyne receiver? A. RF amplifier, detector, audio amplifier B. RF amplifier, mixer, IF discriminator C. HF oscillator, mixer, detector D. HF oscillator, prescaler, audio amplifier share/G/G9C110000664000175000017500000000030313467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG9C11 (C) Which HF antenna would be the best to use for minimizing interference? A. A quarter-wave vertical antenna B. An isotropic antenna C. A directional antenna D. An omnidirectional antenna share/G/G4C040000664000175000017500000000035513467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG4C04 (A) What is the effect on an audio device when there is interference from a nearby CW transmitter? A. On-and-off humming or clicking B. A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency C. A chirpy CW signal D. Severely distorted audio share/G/G1B010000664000175000017500000000042613467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG1B01 (C) [97.15(a)] What is the maximum height above ground to which an antenna structure may be erected without requiring notification to the FAA and registration with the FCC, provided it is not at or near a public use airport? A. 50 feet B. 100 feet C. 200 feet D. 300 feet share/G/G9A130000664000175000017500000000064413467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG9A13 (A) What is the effect of transmission line loss on SWR measured at the input to the line? A. The higher the transmission line loss, the more the SWR will read artificially low B. The higher the transmission line loss, the more the SWR will read artificially high C. The higher the transmission line loss, the more accurate the SWR measurement will be D. Transmission line loss does not affect the SWR measurement share/G/G8A040000664000175000017500000000030413467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8A04 (B) What emission is produced by a reactance modulator connected to a transmitter RF amplifier stage? A. Multiplex modulation B. Phase modulation C. Amplitude modulation D. Pulse modulation share/G/G1A080000664000175000017500000000024413467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG1A08 (C) [97.301(d)] Which of the following frequencies is within the General class portion of the 80-meter band? A. 1855 kHz B. 2560 kHz C. 3560 kHz D. 3650 kHz share/G/G1A040000664000175000017500000000031013467606075011167 0ustar jtnjtnG1A04 (D) [97.303 (h)] Which of the following amateur bands is restricted to communication only on specific channels, rather than frequency ranges? A. 11 meters B. 12 meters C. 30 meters D. 60 meters share/G/G1A030000664000175000017500000000021213467606075011167 0ustar jtnjtnG1A03 (B) [97.305] On which of the following bands is image transmission prohibited? A. 160 meters B. 30 meters C. 20 meters D. 12 meters share/G/G7B080000664000175000017500000000044613467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG7B08 (B) How is the efficiency of an RF power amplifier determined? A. Divide the DC input power by the DC output power B. Divide the RF output power by the DC input power C. Multiply the RF input power by the reciprocal of the RF output power D. Add the RF input power to the DC output power share/G/G2A010000664000175000017500000000027113467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2A01 (A) Which sideband is most commonly used for voice communications on frequencies of 14 MHz or higher? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Vestigial sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G9B030000664000175000017500000000032113467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG9B03 (D) Which of the following best describes the radiation pattern of a quarter-wave, ground-plane vertical antenna? A. Bi-directional in azimuth B. Isotropic C. Hemispherical D. Omnidirectional in azimuth share/G/G7A120000664000175000017500000000017313467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG7A12 (C) Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a solid core transformer? A. Symbol 4 B. Symbol 7 C. Symbol 6 D. Symbol 1 share/G/G5B080000664000175000017500000000023113467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5B08 (D) What is the peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave with an RMS voltage of 120.0 volts? A. 84.8 volts B. 169.7 volts C. 240.0 volts D. 339.4 volts share/G/G3B070000664000175000017500000000044113467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG3B07 (A) What does LUF stand for? A. The Lowest Usable Frequency for communications between two points B. The Longest Universal Function for communications between two points C. The Lowest Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period D. The Longest Universal Function during a 24-hour period share/G/G2B110000664000175000017500000000053313467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2B11 (A) [97.405] What frequency should be used to send a distress call? A. Whichever frequency has the best chance of communicating the distress message B. Only frequencies authorized for RACES or ARES stations C. Only frequencies that are within your operating privileges D. Only frequencies used by police, fire, or emergency medical services share/G/G1E110000664000175000017500000000074613467621025011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1E11 (D) [97.221, 97.305] On what bands may automatically controlled stations transmitting RTTY or data emissions communicate with other automatically controlled digital stations? A. On any band segment where digital operation is permitted B. Anywhere in the non-phone segments of the 10-meter or shorter wavelength bands C. Only in the non-phone Extra Class segments of the bands D. Anywhere in the 6-meter or shorter wavelength bands, and in limited segments of some of the HF bands share/G/G0A110000664000175000017500000000055513467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG0A11 (C) What precaution should you take if you install an indoor transmitting antenna? A. Locate the antenna close to your operating position to minimize feed-line radiation B. Position the antenna along the edge of a wall to reduce parasitic radiation C. Make sure that MPE limits are not exceeded in occupied areas D. Make sure the antenna is properly shielded share/G/G2D040000664000175000017500000000062213467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2D04 (B) Which of the following describes an azimuthal projection map? A. A map that shows accurate land masses B. A map that shows true bearings and distances from a particular location C. A map that shows the angle at which an amateur satellite crosses the equator D. A map that shows the number of degrees longitude that an amateur satellite appears to move westward at the equator with each orbit share/G/G8C110000664000175000017500000000024413467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG8C11 (D) How are the two separate frequencies of a Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) signal identified? A. Dot and dash B. On and off C. High and low D. Mark and space share/G/G6A060000664000175000017500000000052313467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG6A06 (B) Which of the following is a reason not to use wire-wound resistors in an RF circuit? A. The resistor's tolerance value would not be adequate for such a circuit B. The resistor's inductance could make circuit performance unpredictable C. The resistor could overheat D. The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the circuit share/G/G6A140000664000175000017500000000032613467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG6A14 (D) Which of the following is an advantage of ceramic capacitors as compared to other types of capacitors? A. Tight tolerance B. High stability C. High capacitance for given volume D. Comparatively low cost share/G/G8C030000664000175000017500000000021013467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG8C03 (C) What part of a packet radio frame contains the routing and handling information? A. Directory B. Preamble C. Header D. Footer share/G/G2C010000664000175000017500000000056013467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2C01 (D) Which of the following describes full break-in telegraphy (QSK)? A. Breaking stations send the Morse code prosign "BK" B. Automatic keyers, instead of hand keys, are used to send Morse code C. An operator must activate a manual send/receive switch before and after every transmission D. Transmitting stations can receive between code characters and elements share/G/G1A140000664000175000017500000000045613467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG1A14 (D) [97.301(d)] Which of the following may apply in areas under FCC jurisdiction outside of ITU Region 2? A. Station identification may have to be in a language other than English B. Morse code may not be permitted C. Digital transmission may not be permitted D. Frequency allocations may differ share/G/G3A120000664000175000017500000000037113467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG3A12 (B) What does the K-index indicate? A. The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the sun B. The short-term stability of Earth's magnetic field C. The stability of the sun's magnetic field D. The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado share/G/G5A030000664000175000017500000000023613467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG5A03 (D) Which of the following causes opposition to the flow of alternating current in an inductor? A. Conductance B. Reluctance C. Admittance D. Reactance share/G/G1E070000664000175000017500000000032413467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG1E07 (D) [97.111] In what part of the 13-centimeter band may an amateur station communicate with non-licensed Wi-Fi stations? A. Anywhere in the band B. Channels 1 through 4 C. Channels 42 through 45 D. No part share/G/G5C180000664000175000017500000000015613467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG5C18 (D) What is the value in microfarads of a 4700 nanofarad (nF) capacitor? A. 47 B. 0.47 C. 47,000 D. 4.7 share/G/G5A070000664000175000017500000000051713467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG5A07 (D) What happens when the impedance of an electrical load is equal to the output impedance of a power source, assuming both impedances are resistive? A. The source delivers minimum power to the load B. The electrical load is shorted C. No current can flow through the circuit D. The source can deliver maximum power to the load share/G/G6A110000664000175000017500000000031013467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG6A11 (C) What happens when an inductor is operated above its self-resonant frequency? A. Its reactance increases B. Harmonics are generated C. It becomes capacitive D. Catastrophic failure is likely share/G/G2C080000664000175000017500000000015613467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG2C08 (C) What prosign is sent to indicate the end of a formal message when using CW? A. SK B. BK C. AR D. KN share/G/G7B110000664000175000017500000000024713467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7B11 (B) For which of the following modes is a Class C power stage appropriate for amplifying a modulated signal? A. SSB B. FM C. AM D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2C020000664000175000017500000000021713467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2C02 (A) What should you do if a CW station sends "QRS?" A. Send slower B. Change frequency C. Increase your power D. Repeat everything twice share/G/G7A090000664000175000017500000000017413467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG7A09 (C) Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a field effect transistor? A. Symbol 2 B. Symbol 5 C. Symbol 1 D. Symbol 4 share/G/G7A030000664000175000017500000000023013467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG7A03 (A) Which type of rectifier circuit uses two diodes and a center-tapped transformer? A. Full-wave B. Full-wave bridge C. Half-wave D. Synchronous share/G/G4D080000664000175000017500000000032513467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG4D08 (C) What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz LSB signal when the displayed carrier frequency is set to 7.178 MHz? A. 7.178 to 7.181 MHz B. 7.178 to 7.184 MHz C. 7.175 to 7.178 MHz D. 7.1765 to 7.1795 MHz share/G/G2C040000664000175000017500000000040613467621321011167 0ustar jtnjtnG2C04 (D) What does the Q signal "QRL?" mean? A. "Will you keep the frequency clear?" B. "Are you operating full break-in?" or "Can you operate full break-in?" C. "Are you listening only for a specific station?" D. "Are you busy?" or "Is this frequency in use?" share/G/G9D130000664000175000017500000000050113467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9D13 (C) What is the combined vertical and horizontal polarization pattern of a multi-wavelength, horizontal loop antenna? A. A figure-eight, similar to a dipole B. Four major loops with deep nulls C. Virtually omnidirectional with a lower peak vertical radiation angle than a dipole D. Radiation maximum is straight up share/G/G2D090000664000175000017500000000044713467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG2D09 (C) Which of the following is required when participating in a contest on HF frequencies? A. Submit a log to the contest sponsor B. Send a QSL card to the stations worked, or QSL via Logbook of The World C. Identify your station per normal FCC regulations D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9B110000664000175000017500000000021013467622021011162 0ustar jtnjtnG9B11 (C) What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 3.550 MHz? A. 42 feet B. 84 feet C. 132 feet D. 263 feet share/G/G9D060000664000175000017500000000027713467606075011220 0ustar jtnjtnG9D06 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of a log periodic antenna? A. Wide bandwidth B. Higher gain per element than a Yagi antenna C. Harmonic suppression D. Polarization diversity share/G/G5C040000664000175000017500000000020213467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C04 (C) What is the total resistance of three 100 ohm resistors in parallel? A. 0.30 ohms B. 0.33 ohms C. 33.3 ohms D. 300 ohms share/G/G5B100000664000175000017500000000023413467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG5B10 (C) What percentage of power loss would result from a transmission line loss of 1 dB? A. 10.9 percent B. 12.2 percent C. 20.6 percent D. 25.9 percent share/G/G3B010000664000175000017500000000047313467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG3B01 (D) What is a characteristic of skywave signals arriving at your location by both short-path and long-path propagation? A. Periodic fading approximately every 10 seconds B. Signal strength increased by 3 dB C. The signal might be cancelled causing severe attenuation D. A slightly delayed echo might be heard share/G/G5A020000664000175000017500000000046113467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG5A02 (B) What is reactance? A. Opposition to the flow of direct current caused by resistance B. Opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance C. A property of ideal resistors in AC circuits D. A large spark produced at switch contacts when an inductor is de-energized share/G/G5C120000664000175000017500000000030213467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG5C12 (B) What is the capacitance of a 20 microfarad capacitor connected in series with a 50 microfarad capacitor? A. 0.07 microfarads B. 14.3 microfarads C. 70 microfarads D. 1000 microfarads share/G/G3C070000664000175000017500000000042213467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG3C07 (D) What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted? A. The ionospheric layer involved is unstable B. Ground waves are absorbing much of the signal C. The E-region is not present D. Energy is scattered into the skip zone through several different radio wave paths share/G/G9D120000664000175000017500000000017513467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG9D12 (A) What is the common name of a dipole with a single central support? A. Inverted V B. Inverted L C. Sloper D. Lazy H share/G/G8B090000664000175000017500000000041713467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG8B09 (D) Why is it good to match receiver bandwidth to the bandwidth of the operating mode? A. It is required by FCC rules B. It minimizes power consumption in the receiver C. It improves impedance matching of the antenna D. It results in the best signal-to-noise ratio share/G/G4C010000664000175000017500000000030013467606075011170 0ustar jtnjtnG4C01 (B) Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to audio frequency devices? A. Bypass inductor B. Bypass capacitor C. Forward-biased diode D. Reverse-biased diode share/G/G9D080000664000175000017500000000035213467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG9D08 (B) How does a "screwdriver" mobile antenna adjust its feed-point impedance? A. By varying its body capacitance B. By varying the base loading inductance C. By extending and retracting the whip D. By deploying a capacitance hat share/G/G2C030000664000175000017500000000034013467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG2C03 (C) What does it mean when a CW operator sends "KN" at the end of a transmission? A. Listening for novice stations B. Operating full break-in C. Listening only for a specific station or stations D. Closing station now share/G/G8C070000664000175000017500000000042013467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG8C07 (B) How does the receiving station respond to an ARQ data mode packet containing errors? A. It terminates the contact B. It requests the packet be retransmitted C. It sends the packet back to the transmitting station D. It requests a change in transmitting protocol share/G/G1D110000664000175000017500000000102413467620577011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1D11 (D) [97.505] What is required to obtain a new General Class license after a previously-held license has expired and the two-year grace period has passed? A. They must have a letter from the FCC showing they once held an amateur or commercial license B. There are no requirements other than being able to show a copy of the expired license C. The applicant must be able to produce a copy of a page from a call book published in the U.S. showing his or her name and address D. The applicant must pass the current Element 2 exam share/G/G2B030000664000175000017500000000064013467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2B03 (C) What is good amateur practice if propagation changes during a contact and you notice interference from other stations on the frequency? A. Tell the interfering stations to change frequency B. Report the interference to your local Amateur Auxiliary Coordinator C. Attempt to resolve the interference problem with the other stations in a mutually acceptable manner D. Increase power to overcome interference share/G/G9C040000664000175000017500000000057313467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG9C04 (B) How does antenna gain stated in dBi compare to gain stated in dBd for the same antenna? A. dBi gain figures are 2.15 dB lower than dBd gain figures B. dBi gain figures are 2.15 dB higher than dBd gain figures C. dBi gain figures are the same as the square root of dBd gain figures multiplied by 2.15 D. dBi gain figures are the reciprocal of dBd gain figures + 2.15 dB share/G/G6A080000664000175000017500000000045413467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG6A08 (D) What is an advantage of using a ferrite core toroidal inductor? A. Large values of inductance may be obtained B. The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequencies C. Most of the magnetic field is contained in the core D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2B080000664000175000017500000000052413467621265011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2B08 (A) What is the voluntary band plan restriction for U.S. stations transmitting within the 48 contiguous states in the 50.1 to 50.125 MHz band segment? A. Only contacts with stations not within the 48 contiguous states B. Only contacts with other stations within the 48 contiguous states C. Only digital contacts D. Only SSTV contacts share/G/G7A040000664000175000017500000000046013467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG7A04 (A) What is an advantage of a half-wave rectifier in a power supply? A. Only one diode is required B. The ripple frequency is twice that of a full-wave rectifier C. More current can be drawn from the half-wave rectifier D. The output voltage is two times the peak output voltage of the transformer share/G/G2B060000664000175000017500000000106013467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2B06 (A) What is a practical way to avoid harmful interference on an apparently clear frequency before calling CQ on CW or phone? A. Send "QRL?" on CW, followed by your call sign; or, if using phone, ask if the frequency is in use, followed by your call sign B. Listen for 2 minutes before calling CQ C. Send the letter "V" in Morse code several times and listen for a response, or say "test" several times and listen for a response D. Send "QSY" on CW or if using phone, announce "the frequency is in use," then give your call sign and listen for a response share/G/G7C120000664000175000017500000000027713467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG7C12 (C) What is the frequency above which a low-pass filter's output power is less than half the input power? A. Notch frequency B. Neper frequency C. Cutoff frequency D. Rolloff frequency share/G/G2D080000664000175000017500000000050713467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG2D08 (D) What is a reason why many amateurs keep a station log? A. The ITU requires a log of all international contacts B. The ITU requires a log of all international third-party traffic C. The log provides evidence of operation needed to renew a license without retest D. To help with a reply if the FCC requests information share/G/G3B090000664000175000017500000000030113467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG3B09 (C) What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the F2 region? A. 180 miles B. 1,200 miles C. 2,500 miles D. 12,000 miles share/G/G4C100000664000175000017500000000054313467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4C10 (A) What could be a symptom of a ground loop somewhere in your station? A. You receive reports of "hum" on your station's transmitted signal B. The SWR reading for one or more antennas is suddenly very high C. An item of station equipment starts to draw excessive amounts of current D. You receive reports of harmonic interference from your station share/G/G5C010000664000175000017500000000037613467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG5C01 (C) What causes a voltage to appear across the secondary winding of a transformer when an AC voltage source is connected across its primary winding? A. Capacitive coupling B. Displacement current coupling C. Mutual inductance D. Mutual capacitance share/G/G1A150000664000175000017500000000034213467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1A15 (D) [97.205(b)] What portion of the 10-meter band is available for repeater use? A. The entire band B. The portion between 28.1 MHz and 28.2 MHz C. The portion between 28.3 MHz and 28.5 MHz D. The portion above 29.5 MHz share/G/G4C120000664000175000017500000000047113467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4C12 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of a receiver DSP IF filter as compared to an analog filter? A. A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be created B. Fewer digital components are required C. Mixing products are greatly reduced D. The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequencies share/G/G6A010000664000175000017500000000024613467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG6A01 (C) What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead-acid battery? A. 6 volts B. 8.5 volts C. 10.5 volts D. 12 volts share/G/G7B090000664000175000017500000000034613467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG7B09 (C) What determines the frequency of an LC oscillator? A. The number of stages in the counter B. The number of stages in the divider C. The inductance and capacitance in the tank circuit D. The time delay of the lag circuit share/G/G3C060000664000175000017500000000034613467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG3C06 (B) What is a characteristic of HF scatter? A. Phone signals have high intelligibility B. Signals have a fluttering sound C. There are very large, sudden swings in signal strength D. Scatter propagation occurs only at night share/G/G5B090000664000175000017500000000020113467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG5B09 (B) What is the RMS voltage of a sine wave with a value of 17 volts peak? A. 8.5 volts B. 12 volts C. 24 volts D. 34 volts share/G/G0A060000664000175000017500000000046513467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG0A06 (D) What precaution should be taken when installing a ground-mounted antenna? A. It should not be installed higher than you can reach B. It should not be installed in a wet area C. It should be limited to 10 feet in height D. It should be installed such that it is protected against unauthorized access share/G/G8B050000664000175000017500000000020413467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG8B05 (D) What is the approximate bandwidth of a PACTOR-III signal at maximum data rate? A. 31.5 Hz B. 500 Hz C. 1800 Hz D. 2300 Hz share/G/G5C150000664000175000017500000000023513467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG5C15 (A) What is the total resistance of a 10 ohm, a 20 ohm, and a 50 ohm resistor connected in parallel? A. 5.9 ohms B. 0.17 ohms C. 10000 ohms D. 80 ohms share/G/G4B040000664000175000017500000000046213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4B04 (D) What signal source is connected to the vertical input of an oscilloscope when checking the RF envelope pattern of a transmitted signal? A. The local oscillator of the transmitter B. An external RF oscillator C. The transmitter balanced mixer output D. The attenuated RF output of the transmitter share/G/G1B120000664000175000017500000000112613467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG1B12 (B) [97.111(a)(1)] When is it permissible to communicate with amateur stations in countries outside the areas administered by the Federal Communications Commission? A. Only when the foreign country has a formal third-party agreement filed with the FCC B. When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications C. When the contact is with amateurs in any country as long as the communication is conducted in English D. Only when the foreign country is a member of the International Amateur Radio Union share/G/G4C030000664000175000017500000000042113467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG4C03 (C) What sound is heard from an audio device or telephone if there is interference from a nearby single sideband phone transmitter? A. A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air B. On-and-off humming or clicking C. Distorted speech D. Clearly audible speech share/G/G4B070000664000175000017500000000041113467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG4B07 (B) What signals are used to conduct a two-tone test? A. Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90 degrees B. Two non-harmonically related audio signals C. Two swept frequency tones D. Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitude share/G/G2E110000664000175000017500000000044213467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2E11 (D) Which of the following is characteristic of the FT8 mode of the WSJT-X family? A. It is a keyboard-to-keyboard chat mode B. Each transmission takes exactly 60 seconds C. It is limited to use on VHF D. Typical exchanges are limited to call signs, grid locators, and signal reports share/G/G2B070000664000175000017500000000055713467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG2B07 (C) Which of the following complies with good amateur practice when choosing a frequency on which to initiate a call? A. Check to see if the channel is assigned to another station B. Identify your station by transmitting your call sign at least 3 times C. Follow the voluntary band plan for the operating mode you intend to use D. All these choices are correct share/G/G8B110000664000175000017500000000027713467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG8B11 (C) What combination of a mixer's Local Oscillator (LO) and RF input frequencies is found in the output? A. The ratio B. The average C. The sum and difference D. The arithmetic product share/G/G7A070000664000175000017500000000046513467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG7A07 (A) What is the output waveform of an unfiltered full-wave rectifier connected to a resistive load? A. A series of DC pulses at twice the frequency of the AC input B. A series of DC pulses at the same frequency as the AC input C. A sine wave at half the frequency of the AC input D. A steady DC voltage share/G/G0A020000664000175000017500000000034513467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG0A02 (D) Which of the following properties is important in estimating whether an RF signal exceeds the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)? A. Its duty cycle B. Its frequency C. Its power density D. All these choices are correct share/G/G7A130000664000175000017500000000016513467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7A13 (A) Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a tapped inductor? A. Symbol 7 B. Symbol 11 C. Symbol 6 D. Symbol 1 share/G/G1A100000664000175000017500000000031013467606075011164 0ustar jtnjtnG1A10 (D) [97.301(d)] Which of the following frequencies is available to a control operator holding a General class license? A. 28.020 MHz B. 28.350 MHz C. 28.550 MHz D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2C070000664000175000017500000000030613467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2C07 (A) When sending CW, what does a "C" mean when added to the RST report? A. Chirpy or unstable signal B. Report was read from an S meter rather than estimated C. 100 percent copy D. Key clicks share/G/G1C140000664000175000017500000000033413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG1C14 (C) [97.313(i)] What is the maximum power limit on the 60-meter band? A. 1500 watts PEP B. 10 watts RMS C. ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to a dipole D. ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to an isotropic antenna share/G/G4A120000664000175000017500000000050313470362775011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4A12 (C) Which of the following is a common use for the dual-VFO feature on a transceiver? A. To allow transmitting on two frequencies at once B. To permit full duplex operation; that is, transmitting and receiving at the same time C. To permit monitoring of two different frequencies D. To facilitate computer interface share/G/G7C090000664000175000017500000000031013467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG7C09 (B) What is the phase difference between the I and Q signals that software-defined radio (SDR) equipment uses for modulation and demodulation? A. Zero B. 90 degrees C. 180 degrees D. 45 degrees share/G/G5C100000664000175000017500000000023713467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5C10 (C) What is the inductance of three 10 millihenry inductors connected in parallel? A. 0.30 henries B. 3.3 henries C. 3.3 millihenries D. 30 millihenries share/G/G8A120000664000175000017500000000023113467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG8A12 (B) Which of the following narrow-band digital modes can receive signals with very low signal-to-noise ratios? A. MSK144 B. FT8 C. AMTOR D. MFSK32 share/G/G5A050000664000175000017500000000052013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG5A05 (D) How does an inductor react to AC? A. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases B. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases C. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases D. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases share/G/G2E070000664000175000017500000000025213467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG2E07 (A) What segment of the 80-meter band is most commonly used for digital transmissions? A. 3570 - 3600 kHz B. 3500 - 3525 kHz C. 3700 - 3750 kHz D. 3775 - 3825 kHz share/G/G8B060000664000175000017500000000023613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG8B06 (D) What is the total bandwidth of an FM phone transmission having 5 kHz deviation and 3 kHz modulating frequency? A. 3 kHz B. 5 kHz C. 8 kHz D. 16 kHz share/G/G8A110000664000175000017500000000043013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG8A11 (A) What is the modulation envelope of an AM signal? A. The waveform created by connecting the peak values of the modulated signal B. The carrier frequency that contains the signal C. Spurious signals that envelop nearby frequencies D. The bandwidth of the modulated signal share/G/G1E050000664000175000017500000000071013467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG1E05 (C) [97.115(a)(2),97.117] What types of messages for a third party in another country may be transmitted by an amateur station? A. Any message, as long as the amateur operator is not paid B. Only messages for other licensed amateurs C. Only messages relating to Amateur Radio or remarks of a personal character, or messages relating to emergencies or disaster relief D. Any messages, as long as the text of the message is recorded in the station log share/G/G1A020000664000175000017500000000020713467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG1A02 (B) [97.305] On which of the following bands is phone operation prohibited? A. 160 meters B. 30 meters C. 17 meters D. 12 meters share/G/G4D100000664000175000017500000000050113467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG4D10 (A) How close to the lower edge of the phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide LSB? A. At least 3 kHz above the edge of the segment B. At least 3 kHz below the edge of the segment C. At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment D. At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment share/G/G2D110000664000175000017500000000043613467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2D11 (D) Which of the following is typical of the lower HF frequencies during the summer? A. Poor propagation at any time of day B. World-wide propagation during the daylight hours C. Heavy distortion on signals due to photon absorption D. High levels of atmospheric noise or "static" share/G/G1B110000664000175000017500000000037113467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG1B11 (A) [97.101(a)] Who or what determines "good engineering and good amateur practice," as applied to the operation of an amateur station in all respects not covered by the Part 97 rules? A. The FCC B. The control operator C. The IEEE D. The ITU share/G/G5B120000664000175000017500000000021713467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG5B12 (B) What would be the RMS voltage across a 50 ohm dummy load dissipating 1200 watts? A. 173 volts B. 245 volts C. 346 volts D. 692 volts share/G/G7A110000664000175000017500000000017613467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG7A11 (B) Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents an NPN junction transistor? A. Symbol 1 B. Symbol 2 C. Symbol 7 D. Symbol 11 share/G/G4A050000664000175000017500000000040413467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4A05 (C) What is a reason to use Automatic Level Control (ALC) with an RF power amplifier? A. To balance the transmitter audio frequency response B. To reduce harmonic radiation C. To reduce distortion due to excessive drive D. To increase overall efficiency share/G/G8C100000664000175000017500000000050313467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG8C10 (C) How does forward error correction (FEC) allow the receiver to correct errors in received data packets? A. By controlling transmitter output power for optimum signal strength B. By using the Varicode character set C. By transmitting redundant information with the data D. By using a parity bit with each character share/G/G3C050000664000175000017500000000057313467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG3C05 (C) Why is long-distance communication on the 40-meter, 60-meter, 80-meter, and 160-meter bands more difficult during the day? A. The F layer absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours B. The F layer is unstable during daylight hours C. The D layer absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours D. The E layer is unstable during daylight hours share/G/G2A110000664000175000017500000000035113467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG2A11 (C) Generally, who should respond to a station in the contiguous 48 states who calls "CQ DX"? A. Any caller is welcome to respond B. Only stations in Germany C. Any stations outside the lower 48 states D. Only contest stations share/G/G8A080000664000175000017500000000023313467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG8A08 (D) Which of the following is an effect of overmodulation? A. Insufficient audio B. Insufficient bandwidth C. Frequency drift D. Excessive bandwidth share/G/G1A070000664000175000017500000000025513467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1A07 (C) [97.301(d)] Which of the following frequencies is within the General class portion of the 20-meter phone band? A. 14005 kHz B. 14105 kHz C. 14305 kHz D. 14405 kHz share/G/G4D070000664000175000017500000000035513467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG4D07 (C) How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to change the S meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9? A. Approximately 1.5 times B. Approximately 2 times C. Approximately 4 times D. Approximately 8 times share/G/G3A130000664000175000017500000000041013467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG3A13 (C) What does the A-index indicate? A. The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the sun B. The amount of polarization of the sun's electric field C. The long-term stability of Earth's geomagnetic field D. The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado share/G/G2D010000664000175000017500000000062513467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2D01 (A) What is the Volunteer Monitoring Program? A. Amateur volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules violations B. Amateur volunteers who conduct amateur licensing examinations C. Amateur volunteers who conduct frequency coordination for amateur VHF repeaters D. Amateur volunteers who use their station equipment to help civil defense organizations in times of emergency share/G/G7C020000664000175000017500000000036713467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG7C02 (D) Which circuit is used to combine signals from the carrier oscillator and speech amplifier then send the result to the filter in some single sideband phone transmitters? A. Discriminator B. Detector C. IF amplifier D. Balanced modulator share/G/G1B040000664000175000017500000000057713467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG1B04 (C) [97.113(c)] Which of the following transmissions is permitted? A. Unidentified transmissions for test purposes only B. Retransmission of other amateur station signals by any amateur station C. Occasional retransmission of weather and propagation forecast information from U.S. government stations D. Coded messages of any kind, if not intended to facilitate a criminal act share/G/G3B060000664000175000017500000000040213467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG3B06 (C) What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the LUF? A. They are bent back to Earth B. They pass through the ionosphere C. They are completely absorbed by the ionosphere D. They are bent and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth share/G/G0B130000664000175000017500000000040313467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG0B13 (A) What must you do when powering your house from an emergency generator? A. Disconnect the incoming utility power feed B. Insure that the generator is not grounded C. Insure that all lightning grounds are disconnected D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4C110000664000175000017500000000037313467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4C11 (C) What technique helps to minimize RF "hot spots" in an amateur station? A. Building all equipment in a metal enclosure B. Using surge suppressor power outlets C. Bonding all equipment enclosures together D. Low-pass filters on all feed lines share/G/G2E020000664000175000017500000000072313467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2E02 (B) How can a PACTOR modem or controller be used to determine if the channel is in use by other PACTOR stations? A. Unplug the data connector temporarily and see if the channel-busy indication is turned off B. Put the modem or controller in a mode which allows monitoring communications without a connection C. Transmit UI packets several times and wait to see if there is a response from another PACTOR station D. Send the message, "Is this frequency in use?" share/G/G9C010000664000175000017500000000032113467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG9C01 (A) Which of the following would increase the bandwidth of a Yagi antenna? A. Larger-diameter elements B. Closer element spacing C. Loading coils in series with the element D. Tapered-diameter elements share/G/G7C010000664000175000017500000000034013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7C01 (B) Which of the following is used to process signals from the balanced modulator then send them to the mixer in some single sideband phone transmitters? A. Carrier oscillator B. Filter C. IF amplifier D. RF amplifier share/G/G1B020000664000175000017500000000063313467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1B02 (D) [97.203(b)] With which of the following conditions must beacon stations comply? A. A beacon station may not use automatic control B. The frequency must be coordinated with the National Beacon Organization C. The frequency must be posted on the internet or published in a national periodical D. There must be no more than one beacon signal transmitting in the same band from the same station location share/G/G1E020000664000175000017500000000070013467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG1E02 (D) [97.205(b)] When may a 10-meter repeater retransmit the 2-meter signal from a station that has a Technician class control operator? A. Under no circumstances B. Only if the station on 10-meters is operating under a Special Temporary Authorization allowing such retransmission C. Only during an FCC-declared general state of communications emergency D. Only if the 10-meter repeater control operator holds at least a General class license share/G/G1C060000664000175000017500000000026313467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1C06 (D) [97.313] What is the limit for transmitter power on the 1.8 MHz band? A. 200 watts PEP output B. 1000 watts PEP output C. 1200 watts PEP output D. 1500 watts PEP output share/G/G3B050000664000175000017500000000050213467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG3B05 (A) What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the MUF and above the LUF when they are sent into the ionosphere? A. They are bent back to Earth B. They pass through the ionosphere C. They are amplified by interaction with the ionosphere D. They are bent and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth share/G/G7C050000664000175000017500000000042113467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG7C05 (D) Which of the following is an advantage of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)? A. Wide tuning range and no need for band switching B. Relatively high-power output C. Relatively low power consumption D. Variable frequency with the stability of a crystal oscillator share/G/G2D060000664000175000017500000000033713467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG2D06 (C) How is a directional antenna pointed when making a "long-path" contact with another station? A. Toward the rising sun B. Along the grayline C. 180 degrees from the station's short-path heading D. Toward the north share/G/G7C040000664000175000017500000000034413467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG7C04 (D) What circuit is used to combine signals from the IF amplifier and BFO and send the result to the AF amplifier in some single sideband receivers? A. RF oscillator B. IF filter C. Balanced modulator D. Product detector share/G/G3C030000664000175000017500000000041513467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG3C03 (C) Why is the F2 region mainly responsible for the longest distance radio wave propagation? A. Because it is the densest ionospheric layer B. Because of the Doppler effect C. Because it is the highest ionospheric region D. Because of meteor trails at that level share/G/G4A040000664000175000017500000000036713467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG4A04 (B) What reading on the plate current meter of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control? A. A pronounced peak B. A pronounced dip C. No change will be observed D. A slow, rhythmic oscillation share/G/G6A120000664000175000017500000000032513467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG6A12 (A) What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube? A. To reduce grid-to-plate capacitance B. To increase efficiency C. To increase the control grid resistance D. To decrease plate resistance share/G/G5A100000664000175000017500000000030513467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG5A10 (D) Which of the following devices can be used for impedance matching at radio frequencies? A. A transformer B. A Pi-network C. A length of transmission line D. All these choices are correct share/G/G5C080000664000175000017500000000032313467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG5C08 (D) What is the equivalent capacitance of two 5.0 nanofarad capacitors and one 750 picofarad capacitor connected in parallel? A. 576.9 nanofarads B. 1733 picofarads C. 3583 picofarads D. 10.750 nanofarads share/G/G2A080000664000175000017500000000035113467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2A08 (B) What is the recommended way to break in to a phone contact? A. Say "QRZ" several times, followed by your call sign B. Say your call sign once C. Say "Breaker Breaker" D. Say "CQ" followed by the call sign of either station share/G/G4C070000664000175000017500000000060413467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG4C07 (D) Why should soldered joints not be used with the wires that connect the base of a tower to a system of ground rods? A. The resistance of solder is too high B. Solder flux will prevent a low conductivity connection C. Solder has too high a dielectric constant to provide adequate lightning protection D. A soldered joint will likely be destroyed by the heat of a lightning strike share/G/G4E010000664000175000017500000000037213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4E01 (C) What is the purpose of a capacitance hat on a mobile antenna? A. To increase the power handling capacity of a whip antenna B. To allow automatic band changing C. To electrically lengthen a physically short antenna D. To allow remote tuning share/G/G2A060000664000175000017500000000054413467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG2A06 (D) Which of the following is an advantage when using single sideband, as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands? A. Very high fidelity voice modulation B. Less subject to interference from atmospheric static crashes C. Ease of tuning on receive and immunity to impulse noise D. Less bandwidth used and greater power efficiency share/G/G9D070000664000175000017500000000046313467606075011216 0ustar jtnjtnG9D07 (A) Which of the following describes a log periodic antenna? A. Element length and spacing vary logarithmically along the boom B. Impedance varies periodically as a function of frequency C. Gain varies logarithmically as a function of frequency D. SWR varies periodically as a function of boom length share/G/G7B010000664000175000017500000000037213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG7B01 (B) What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter? A. To limit the modulation index B. To eliminate self-oscillations C. To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods D. To keep the carrier on frequency share/G/G5B110000664000175000017500000000020213467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG5B11 (B) What is the ratio of peak envelope power to average power for an unmodulated carrier? A. 0.707 B. 1.00 C. 1.414 D. 2.00 share/G/G8C040000664000175000017500000000035713467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG8C04 (C) Which of the following describes Baudot code? A. A 7-bit code with start, stop, and parity bits B. A code using error detection and correction C. A 5-bit code with additional start and stop bits D. A code using SELCAL and LISTEN share/G/G3A060000664000175000017500000000032213467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG3A06 (D) What is a geomagnetic storm? A. A sudden drop in the solar flux index B. A thunderstorm that affects radio propagation C. Ripples in the ionosphere D. A temporary disturbance in Earth's magnetosphere share/G/G3A040000664000175000017500000000036413467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG3A04 (D) Which of the following are least reliable for long-distance communications during periods of low solar activity? A. 80 meters and 160 meters B. 60 meters and 40 meters C. 30 meters and 20 meters D. 15 meters, 12 meters, and 10 meters share/G/G4D050000664000175000017500000000041213467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG4D05 (D) How does a signal that reads 20 dB over S9 compare to one that reads S9 on a receiver, assuming a properly calibrated S meter? A. It is 10 times less powerful B. It is 20 times less powerful C. It is 20 times more powerful D. It is 100 times more powerful share/G/G4B090000664000175000017500000000044513467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG4B09 (B) Which of the following can be determined with a field strength meter? A. The radiation resistance of an antenna B. The radiation pattern of an antenna C. The presence and amount of phase distortion of a transmitter D. The presence and amount of amplitude distortion of a transmitter share/G/G4C050000664000175000017500000000060413467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4C05 (D) What might be the problem if you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on an HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rod? A. Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for the ground wire B. Insulated wire has been used for the ground wire C. The ground rod is resonant D. The ground wire has high impedance on that frequency share/G/G4D010000664000175000017500000000054513467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4D01 (A) What is the purpose of a speech processor as used in a modern transceiver? A. Increase the intelligibility of transmitted phone signals during poor conditions B. Increase transmitter bass response for more natural-sounding SSB signals C. Prevent distortion of voice signals D. Decrease high-frequency voice output to prevent out-of-band operation share/G/G7C130000664000175000017500000000024313467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG7C13 (D) What term specifies a filter's maximum ability to reject signals outside its passband? A. Notch depth B. Rolloff C. Insertion loss D. Ultimate rejection share/G/G6B130000664000175000017500000000022013467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG6B13 (C) Which of these connector types is commonly used for RF connections at frequencies up to 150 MHz? A. Octal B. RJ-11 C. PL-259 D. DB-25 share/G/G5A090000664000175000017500000000012713467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG5A09 (B) What unit is used to measure reactance? A. Farad B. Ohm C. Ampere D. Siemens share/G/G1B070000664000175000017500000000044013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1B07 (B) [97.113(a)(4)] What are the restrictions on the use of abbreviations or procedural signals in the Amateur Service? A. Only "Q" signals are permitted B. They may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message C. They are not permitted D. Only "10 codes" are permitted share/G/G4A030000664000175000017500000000050513467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4A03 (C) What is normally meant by operating a transceiver in "split" mode? A. The radio is operating at half power B. The transceiver is operating from an external power source C. The transceiver is set to different transmit and receive frequencies D. The transmitter is emitting an SSB signal, as opposed to DSB operation share/G/G0A100000664000175000017500000000066613467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG0A10 (D) What is one thing that can be done if evaluation shows that a neighbor might receive more than the allowable limit of RF exposure from the main lobe of a directional antenna? A. Change to a non-polarized antenna with higher gain B. Post a warning sign that is clearly visible to the neighbor C. Use an antenna with a higher front-to-back ratio D. Take precautions to ensure that the antenna cannot be pointed in their direction share/G/G4D030000664000175000017500000000030013467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG4D03 (D) Which of the following can be the result of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor? A. Distorted speech B. Splatter C. Excessive background pickup D. All these choices are correct share/G/G7C060000664000175000017500000000036713467606075011215 0ustar jtnjtnG7C06 (B) What should be the impedance of a low-pass filter as compared to the impedance of the transmission line into which it is inserted? A. Substantially higher B. About the same C. Substantially lower D. Twice the transmission line impedance share/G/G3A050000664000175000017500000000050113467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG3A05 (D) What is the solar flux index? A. A measure of the highest frequency that is useful for ionospheric propagation between two points on Earth B. A count of sunspots that is adjusted for solar emissions C. Another name for the American sunspot number D. A measure of solar radiation at 10.7 centimeters wavelength share/G/G9D030000664000175000017500000000036013467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG9D03 (C) In which direction is the maximum radiation from a portable VHF/UHF "halo" antenna? A. Broadside to the plane of the halo B. Opposite the feed point C. Omnidirectional in the plane of the halo D. Toward the halo's supporting mast share/G/G1C070000664000175000017500000000030413467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1C07 (D) [97.305(c), 97.307(f)(3)] What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmission on the 20-meter band? A. 56 kilobaud B. 19.6 kilobaud C. 1200 baud D. 300 baud share/G/G1B080000664000175000017500000000055613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG1B08 (D) [97.101(a)] When choosing a transmitting frequency, what should you do to comply with good amateur practice? A. Ensure that the frequency and mode selected are within your license class privileges B. Follow generally accepted band plans agreed to by the Amateur Radio community C. Monitor the frequency before transmitting D. All these choices are correct share/G/G1E100000664000175000017500000000061513467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG1E10 (A) [97.101] Why should an amateur operator normally avoid transmitting on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24. 930 and 28.200 MHz? A. A system of propagation beacon stations operates on those frequencies B. A system of automatic digital stations operates on those frequencies C. These frequencies are set aside for emergency operations D. These frequencies are set aside for bulletins from the FCC share/G/G2A090000664000175000017500000000052213467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2A09 (D) Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160-meter, 75-meter, and 40-meter bands? A. Lower sideband is more efficient than upper sideband at these frequencies B. Lower sideband is the only sideband legal on these frequency bands C. Because it is fully compatible with an AM detector D. It is good amateur practice share/G/G4A070000664000175000017500000000031013467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG4A07 (D) What condition can lead to permanent damage to a solid-state RF power amplifier? A. Insufficient drive power B. Low input SWR C. Shorting the input signal to ground D. Excessive drive power share/G/G6B090000664000175000017500000000034513467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG6B09 (A) Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid crystal display? A. It utilizes ambient or back lighting B. It offers a wide dynamic range C. It consumes relatively high power D. It has relatively short lifetime share/G/G6A020000664000175000017500000000024413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG6A02 (B) What is an advantage of the low internal resistance of nickel-cadmium batteries? A. Long life B. High discharge current C. High voltage D. Rapid recharge share/G/G6B070000664000175000017500000000042713467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG6B07 (A) Which of the following describes a type N connector? A. A moisture-resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz B. A small bayonet connector used for data circuits C. A threaded connector used for hydraulic systems D. An audio connector used in surround-sound installations share/G/G4D060000664000175000017500000000017113467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4D06 (A) Where is an S meter found? A. In a receiver B. In an SWR bridge C. In a transmitter D. In a conductance bridge share/G/G2B090000664000175000017500000000064113467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG2B09 (A) [97.407(a)] Who may be the control operator of an amateur station transmitting in RACES to assist relief operations during a disaster? A. Only a person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license B. Only a RACES net control operator C. A person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license or an appropriate government official D. Any control operator when normal communication systems are operational share/G/G3B020000664000175000017500000000026013467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG3B02 (D) What factors affect the MUF? A. Path distance and location B. Time of day and season C. Solar radiation and ionospheric disturbances D. All these choices are correct share/G/G5B070000664000175000017500000000033213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG5B07 (C) What value of an AC signal produces the same power dissipation in a resistor as a DC voltage of the same value? A. The peak-to-peak value B. The peak value C. The RMS value D. The reciprocal of the RMS value share/G/G4B110000664000175000017500000000031313467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG4B11 (C) Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR measurements? A. Receiver B. Transmitter C. Antenna and feed line D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4A110000664000175000017500000000056413467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4A11 (A) Which of the following is a use for the IF shift control on a receiver? A. To avoid interference from stations very close to the receive frequency B. To change frequency rapidly C. To permit listening on a different frequency from that on which you are transmitting D. To tune in stations that are slightly off frequency without changing your transmit frequency share/G/G2E040000664000175000017500000000033413467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG2E04 (B) What segment of the 20-meter band is most often used for digital transmissions (avoiding the DX propagation beacons)? A. 14.000 - 14.050 MHz B. 14.070 - 14.112 MHz C. 14.150 - 14.225 MHz D. 14.275 - 14.350 MHz share/G/G9B060000664000175000017500000000042113467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG9B06 (C) Where should the radial wires of a ground-mounted vertical antenna system be placed? A. As high as possible above the ground B. Parallel to the antenna element C. On the surface of the Earth or buried a few inches below the ground D. At the center of the antenna share/G/G1B030000664000175000017500000000045713467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG1B03 (A) [97.3(a)(9)] Which of the following is a purpose of a beacon station as identified in the FCC rules? A. Observation of propagation and reception B. Automatic identification of repeaters C. Transmission of bulletins of general interest to Amateur Radio licensees D. Identifying net frequencies share/G/G6A040000664000175000017500000000031613467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG6A04 (C) Which of the following is an advantage of an electrolytic capacitor? A. Tight tolerance B. Much less leakage than any other type C. High capacitance for a given volume D. Inexpensive RF capacitor share/G/G9C020000664000175000017500000000023013467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG9C02 (B) What is the approximate length of the driven element of a Yagi antenna? A. 1/4 wavelength B. 1/2 wavelength C. 3/4 wavelength D. 1 wavelength share/G/G3B100000664000175000017500000000030013467606075011166 0ustar jtnjtnG3B10 (B) What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the E region? A. 180 miles B. 1,200 miles C. 2,500 miles D. 12,000 miles share/G/G2E140000664000175000017500000000045513467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG2E14 (D) What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in properly? A. The mark and space frequencies may be reversed B. You may have selected the wrong baud rate C. You may be listening on the wrong sideband D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2C110000664000175000017500000000026213467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2C11 (D) What does the Q signal "QRV" mean? A. You are sending too fast B. There is interference on the frequency C. I am quitting for the day D. I am ready to receive messages share/G/G7B100000664000175000017500000000044013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG7B10 (B) Which of the following describes a linear amplifier? A. Any RF power amplifier used in conjunction with an amateur transceiver B. An amplifier in which the output preserves the input waveform C. A Class C high efficiency amplifier D. An amplifier used as a frequency multiplier share/G/G8C120000664000175000017500000000017713467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG8C12 (A) Which type of code is used for sending characters in a PSK31 signal? A. Varicode B. Viterbi C. Volumetric D. Binary share/G/G0B030000664000175000017500000000026413467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG0B03 (D) Which size of fuse or circuit breaker would be appropriate to use with a circuit that uses AWG number 14 wiring? A. 100 amperes B. 60 amperes C. 30 amperes D. 15 amperes share/G/G2D020000664000175000017500000000055013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG2D02 (B) Which of the following are objectives of the Volunteer Monitoring Program? A. To conduct efficient and orderly amateur licensing examinations B. To encourage amateur radio operators to self-regulate and comply with the rules C. To coordinate repeaters for efficient and orderly spectrum usage D. To provide emergency and public safety communications share/G/G8C020000664000175000017500000000017613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG8C02 (A) Which digital mode is used as a low-power beacon for assessing HF propagation? A. WSPR B. Olivia C. PSK31 D. SSB-SC share/G/G2A040000664000175000017500000000026513467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2A04 (A) Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 17-meter and 12-meter bands? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Vestigial sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G1C130000664000175000017500000000052713467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG1C13 (C) [97.309(a)(4)] What must be done before using a new digital protocol on the air? A. Type-certify equipment to FCC standards B. Obtain an experimental license from the FCC C. Publicly document the technical characteristics of the protocol D. Submit a rule-making proposal to the FCC describing the codes and methods of the technique share/G/G5A010000664000175000017500000000033713467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG5A01 (C) What is impedance? A. The electric charge stored by a capacitor B. The inverse of resistance C. The opposition to the flow of current in an AC circuit D. The force of repulsion between two similar electric fields share/G/G1A010000664000175000017500000000055613467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG1A01 (C) [97.301(d)] On which HF/MF bands is a General class license holder granted all amateur frequency privileges? A. 60 meters, 20 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters B. 160 meters, 80 meters, 40 meters, and 10 meters C. 160 meters, 60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, 12 meters, and 10 meters D. 160 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, 15 meters, 12 meters, and 10 meters share/G/G8B080000664000175000017500000000054413467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG8B08 (B) Why is it important to know the duty cycle of the mode you are using when transmitting? A. To aid in tuning your transmitter B. Some modes have high duty cycles that could exceed the transmitter's average power rating C. To allow time for the other station to break in during a transmission D. The attenuator will have to be adjusted accordingly share/G/G4C060000664000175000017500000000032013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4C06 (C) What effect can be caused by a resonant ground connection? A. Overheating of ground straps B. Corrosion of the ground rod C. High RF voltages on the enclosures of station equipment D. A ground loop share/G/G1C110000664000175000017500000000030713467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG1C11 (B) [97.305(c) and 97.307(f)(5)] What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmissions on the 2-meter band? A. 56 kilobaud B. 19.6 kilobaud C. 1200 baud D. 300 baud share/G/G0B010000664000175000017500000000041313467606075011170 0ustar jtnjtnG0B01 (A) Which wire or wires in a four-conductor connection should be attached to fuses or circuit breakers in a device operated from a 240 VAC single phase source? A. Only the two wires carrying voltage B. Only the neutral wire C. Only the ground wire D. All wires share/G/G5C110000664000175000017500000000030213467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG5C11 (C) What is the inductance of a 20 millihenry inductor connected in series with a 50 millihenry inductor? A. 0.07 millihenries B. 14.3 millihenries C. 70 millihenries D. 1000 millihenries share/G/G9A070000664000175000017500000000065513467606075011216 0ustar jtnjtnG9A07 (D) What must be done to prevent standing waves on an antenna feed line? A. The antenna feed point must be at DC ground potential B. The feed line must be cut to a length equal to an odd number of electrical quarter wavelengths C. The feed line must be cut to a length equal to an even number of physical half wavelengths D. The antenna feed point impedance must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the feed line share/G/G4B080000664000175000017500000000033213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4B08 (A) Which of the following instruments may be used to monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustments? A. A field strength meter B. An antenna noise bridge C. A multimeter D. A Q meter share/G/G2E050000664000175000017500000000023613467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG2E05 (B) What is the standard sideband used to generate a JT65, JT9, or FT8 digital signal when using AFSK in any amateur band? A. LSB B. USB C. DSB D. SSB share/G/G4E090000664000175000017500000000023113467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG4E09 (B) What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a fully illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell? A. 0.02 VDC B. 0.5 VDC C. 0.2 VDC D. 1.38 VDC share/G/G6B020000664000175000017500000000031413467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG6B02 (B) What is meant by the term MMIC? A. Multi-Megabyte Integrated Circuit B. Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit C. Military Manufactured Integrated Circuit D. Mode Modulated Integrated Circuit share/G/G1E080000664000175000017500000000023113467620732011175 0ustar jtnjtnG1E08 (B) [97.313(j)] What is the maximum PEP output allowed for spread spectrum transmissions? A. 100 milliwatts B. 10 watts C. 100 watts D. 1500 watts share/G/G5B140000664000175000017500000000034213467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5B14 (B) What is the output PEP from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm resistive load connected to the transmitter output? A. 8.75 watts B. 625 watts C. 2500 watts D. 5000 watts share/G/G9A080000664000175000017500000000056613467606075011220 0ustar jtnjtnG9A08 (B) If the SWR on an antenna feed line is 5 to 1, and a matching network at the transmitter end of the feed line is adjusted to 1 to 1 SWR, what is the resulting SWR on the feed line? A. 1 to 1 B. 5 to 1 C. Between 1 to 1 and 5 to 1 depending on the characteristic impedance of the line D. Between 1 to 1 and 5 to 1 depending on the reflected power at the transmitter share/G/G9A020000664000175000017500000000030713467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9A02 (B) What are the typical characteristic impedances of coaxial cables used for antenna feed lines at amateur stations? A. 25 and 30 ohms B. 50 and 75 ohms C. 80 and 100 ohms D. 500 and 750 ohms share/G/G8A030000664000175000017500000000033513467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG8A03 (D) What is the name of the process that changes the instantaneous frequency of an RF wave to convey information? A. Frequency convolution B. Frequency transformation C. Frequency conversion D. Frequency modulation share/G/G3B030000664000175000017500000000046613467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG3B03 (A) Which of the following applies when selecting a frequency for lowest attenuation when transmitting on HF? A. Select a frequency just below the MUF B. Select a frequency just above the LUF C. Select a frequency just below the critical frequency D. Select a frequency just above the critical frequency share/G/G3A070000664000175000017500000000043413467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG3A07 (D) At what point in the solar cycle does the 20-meter band usually support worldwide propagation during daylight hours? A. At the summer solstice B. Only at the maximum point of the solar cycle C. Only at the minimum point of the solar cycle D. At any point in the solar cycle share/G/G1C030000664000175000017500000000031113467606075011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1C03 (A) [97.303(h)(1)] What is the maximum bandwidth permitted by FCC rules for Amateur Radio stations transmitting on USB frequencies in the 60-meter band? A. 2.8 kHz B. 5.6 kHz C. 1.8 kHz D. 3 kHz share/G/G8B100000664000175000017500000000041013467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG8B10 (B) What is the relationship between transmitted symbol rate and bandwidth? A. Symbol rate and bandwidth are not related B. Higher symbol rates require wider bandwidth C. Lower symbol rates require wider bandwidth D. Bandwidth is always half the symbol rate share/G/G3C090000664000175000017500000000024313467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG3C09 (B) What type of propagation allows signals to be heard in the transmitting station's skip zone? A. Faraday rotation B. Scatter C. Chordal hop D. Short-path share/G/G5C030000664000175000017500000000026413467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG5C03 (B) Which of the following components increases the total resistance of a resistor? A. A parallel resistor B. A series resistor C. A series capacitor D. A parallel capacitor share/G/G4A020000664000175000017500000000060513467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG4A02 (C) What is one advantage of selecting the opposite, or "reverse," sideband when receiving CW signals on a typical HF transceiver? A. Interference from impulse noise will be eliminated B. More stations can be accommodated within a given signal passband C. It may be possible to reduce or eliminate interference from other signals D. Accidental out-of-band operation can be prevented share/G/G7A100000664000175000017500000000016113467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG7A10 (D) Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a Zener diode? A. Symbol 4 B. Symbol 1 C. Symbol 11 D. Symbol 5 share/G/G9B090000664000175000017500000000036013467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG9B09 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of a horizontally polarized as compared to a vertically polarized HF antenna? A. Lower ground reflection losses B. Lower feed-point impedance C. Shorter radials D. Lower radiation resistance share/G/G9D090000664000175000017500000000037513467606075011222 0ustar jtnjtnG9D09 (A) What is the primary use of a Beverage antenna? A. Directional receiving for low HF bands B. Directional transmitting for low HF bands C. Portable direction finding at higher HF frequencies D. Portable direction finding at lower HF frequencies share/G/G1A060000664000175000017500000000025213467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1A06 (C) [97.301(d)] Which of the following frequencies is within the General class portion of the 75-meter phone band? A. 1875 kHz B. 3750 kHz C. 3900 kHz D. 4005 kHz share/G/G9A110000664000175000017500000000024013467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG9A11 (B) What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to a non-reactive load having 50 ohm impedance? A. 2:1 B. 1:1 C. 50:50 D. 0:0 share/G/G1B090000664000175000017500000000037113467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG1B09 (D) [97.203(d)] On what HF frequencies are automatically controlled beacons permitted? A. On any frequency if power is less than 1 watt B. On any frequency if transmissions are in Morse code C. 21.08 MHz to 21.09 MHz D. 28.20 MHz to 28.30 MHz share/G/G2B040000664000175000017500000000032613467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2B04 (B) When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? A. 5 to 50 Hz B. 150 to 500 Hz C. 1 to 3 kHz D. 3 to 6 kHz share/G/G9A050000664000175000017500000000041213467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9A05 (B) How does the attenuation of coaxial cable change as the frequency of the signal it is carrying increases? A. Attenuation is independent of frequency B. Attenuation increases C. Attenuation decreases D. Attenuation reaches a maximum at approximately 18 MHz share/G/G5C070000664000175000017500000000031313467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG5C07 (A) What is the turns ratio of a transformer used to match an audio amplifier having 600 ohm output impedance to a speaker having 4 ohm impedance? A. 12.2 to 1 B. 24.4 to 1 C. 150 to 1 D. 300 to 1 share/G/G3A020000664000175000017500000000062213467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG3A02 (B) What effect does a Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance have on the daytime ionospheric propagation of HF radio waves? A. It enhances propagation on all HF frequencies B. It disrupts signals on lower frequencies more than those on higher frequencies C. It disrupts communications via satellite more than direct communications D. None, because only areas on the night side of the Earth are affected share/G/G8B020000664000175000017500000000045713467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG8B02 (B) If a receiver mixes a 13.800 MHz VFO with a 14.255 MHz received signal to produce a 455 kHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal, what type of interference will a 13.345 MHz signal produce in the receiver? A. Quadrature noise B. Image response C. Mixer interference D. Intermediate interference share/G/G9A100000664000175000017500000000023713467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG9A10 (D) What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to a non-reactive load having 10 ohm impedance? A. 2:1 B. 50:1 C. 1:5 D. 5:1 share/G/G9D100000664000175000017500000000045313467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG9D10 (B) In which direction or directions does an electrically small loop (less than 1/3 wavelength in circumference) have nulls in its radiation pattern? A. In the plane of the loop B. Broadside to the loop C. Broadside and in the plane of the loop D. Electrically small loops are omnidirectional share/G/G6A100000664000175000017500000000026313467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG6A10 (A) Which element of a triode vacuum tube is used to regulate the flow of electrons between cathode and plate? A. Control grid B. Heater C. Screen grid D. Trigger electrode share/G/G1A050000664000175000017500000000026513467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG1A05 (A) [97.301(d)] Which of the following frequencies is in the General class portion of the 40-meter band in ITU Region 2? A. 7.250 MHz B. 7.500 MHz C. 40.200 MHz D. 40.500 MHz share/G/G6B060000664000175000017500000000020113467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG6B06 (D) What kind of device is an integrated circuit operational amplifier? A. Digital B. MMIC C. Programmable Logic D. Analog share/G/G5A060000664000175000017500000000052013467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG5A06 (A) How does a capacitor react to AC? A. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases B. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases C. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases D. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases share/G/G4A130000664000175000017500000000052513467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG4A13 (A) What is one reason to use the attenuator function that is present on many HF transceivers? A. To reduce signal overload due to strong incoming signals B. To reduce the transmitter power when driving a linear amplifier C. To reduce power consumption when operating from batteries D. To slow down received CW signals for better copy share/G/G4C080000664000175000017500000000045513467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG4C08 (A) Which of the following would reduce RF interference caused by common-mode current on an audio cable? A. Placing a ferrite choke around the cable B. Adding series capacitors to the conductors C. Adding shunt inductors to the conductors D. Adding an additional insulating jacket to the cable share/G/G2E090000664000175000017500000000063413467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG2E09 (C) How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol? A. Send broadcast packets containing your call sign while in MONITOR mode B. Transmit a steady carrier until the PACTOR protocol times out and disconnects C. Joining an existing contact is not possible, PACTOR connections are limited to two stations D. Send a NAK response continuously so that the sending station must stand by share/G/G0A050000664000175000017500000000060413467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG0A05 (A) What must you do if an evaluation of your station shows RF energy radiated from your station exceeds permissible limits? A. Take action to prevent human exposure to the excessive RF fields B. File an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS-97) with the FCC C. Secure written permission from your neighbors to operate above the controlled MPE limits D. All these choices are correct share/G/G2B010000664000175000017500000000046113467621205011165 0ustar jtnjtnG2B01 (C) Which of the following is true concerning access to frequencies? A. Nets always have priority B. QSOs in progress always have priority C. Except during emergencies, no amateur station has priority access to any frequency D. Contest operations must always yield to non-contest use of frequencies share/G/G8C130000664000175000017500000000032613467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG8C13 (D) What is indicated on a waterfall display by one or more vertical lines on either side of a digital signal? A. Long path propagation B. Backscatter propagation C. Insufficient modulation D. Overmodulation share/G/G8C060000664000175000017500000000042713467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG8C06 (B) What action results from a failure to exchange information due to excessive transmission attempts when using PACTOR or WINMOR? A. The checksum overflows B. The connection is dropped C. Packets will be routed incorrectly D. Encoding reverts to the default character set share/G/G6B030000664000175000017500000000040013467606075011174 0ustar jtnjtnG6B03 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS integrated circuits compared to TTL integrated circuits? A. Low power consumption B. High power handling capability C. Better suited for RF amplification D. Better suited for power supply regulation share/G/G2E060000664000175000017500000000020513467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG2E06 (B) What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands? A. 85 Hz B. 170 Hz C. 425 Hz D. 850 Hz share/G/G3C100000664000175000017500000000037613467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG3C10 (B) What is Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) propagation? A. Propagation near the MUF B. Short distance MF or HF propagation using high elevation angles C. Long path HF propagation at sunrise and sunset D. Double hop propagation near the LUF share/G/G9B120000664000175000017500000000020613467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG9B12 (A) What is the approximate length for a 1/4 wave vertical antenna cut for 28.5 MHz? A. 8 feet B. 11 feet C. 16 feet D. 21 feet share/G/G9C160000664000175000017500000000070413470362647011211 0ustar jtnjtnG9C16 (A) What is a beta or hairpin match? A. It is a shorted transmission line stub placed at the feed point of a Yagi antenna to provide impedance matching B. It is a 1/4 wavelength section of 75 ohm coax in series with the feed point of a Yagi to provide impedance matching C. It is a series capacitor selected to cancel the inductive reactance of a folded dipole antenna D. It is a section of 300 ohm twinlead used to match a folded dipole antenna share/G/G8A060000664000175000017500000000033213467621643011202 0ustar jtnjtnG8A06 (D) Which of the following is characteristic of QPSK31? A. It is sideband sensitive B. Its encoding provides error correction C. Its bandwidth is approximately the same as BPSK31 D. All these choices are correct share/G/G4E080000664000175000017500000000027213467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG4E08 (A) What is the name of the process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity? A. Photovoltaic conversion B. Photon emission C. Photosynthesis D. Photon decomposition share/G/G3A080000664000175000017500000000036613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG3A08 (B) Which of the following effects can a geomagnetic storm have on radio propagation? A. Improved high-latitude HF propagation B. Degraded high-latitude HF propagation C. Improved ground wave propagation D. Degraded ground wave propagation share/G/G2C100000664000175000017500000000020313467606075011170 0ustar jtnjtnG2C10 (D) What does the Q signal "QRN" mean? A. Send more slowly B. Stop sending C. Zero beat my signal D. I am troubled by static share/G/G1C120000664000175000017500000000067113467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1C12 (A) [97.303(i)] Which of the following is required by the FCC rules when operating in the 60-meter band? A. If you are using an antenna other than a dipole, you must keep a record of the gain of your antenna B. You must keep a record of the date, time, frequency, power level, and stations worked C. You must keep a record of all third-party traffic D. You must keep a record of the manufacturer of your equipment and the antenna used share/G/G1B060000664000175000017500000000123013467620512011164 0ustar jtnjtnG1B06 (D) [97.15(b), PRB-1, 101 FCC 2d 952 (1985)] Under what conditions are state and local governments permitted to regulate Amateur Radio antenna structures? A. Under no circumstances, FCC rules take priority B. At any time and to any extent necessary to accomplish a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity, provided that proper filings are made with the FCC C. Only when such structures exceed 50 feet in height and are clearly visible 1000 feet from the structure D. Amateur Service communications must be reasonably accommodated, and regulations must constitute the minimum practical to accommodate a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity share/G/G9B100000664000175000017500000000020613467621777011207 0ustar jtnjtnG9B10 (D) What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 14.250 MHz? A. 8 feet B. 16 feet C. 24 feet D. 33 feet share/G/G8A050000664000175000017500000000026713467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG8A05 (D) What type of modulation varies the instantaneous power level of the RF signal? A. Frequency shift keying B. Phase modulation C. Frequency modulation D. Amplitude modulation share/G/G7A050000664000175000017500000000021713467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG7A05 (B) What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a half-wave rectifier? A. 90 degrees B. 180 degrees C. 270 degrees D. 360 degrees share/G/G3A030000664000175000017500000000031613467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG3A03 (C) Approximately how long does it take the increased ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from solar flares to affect radio propagation on Earth? A. 28 days B. 1 to 2 hours C. 8 minutes D. 20 to 40 hours share/G/G4B060000664000175000017500000000032713467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG4B06 (C) What is an advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter? A. Better for measuring computer circuits B. Better for RF measurements C. Better precision for most uses D. Faster response share/G/G0B020000664000175000017500000000033013467606075011167 0ustar jtnjtnG0B02 (C) According the National Electrical Code, what is the minimum wire size that may be used safely for wiring with a 20 ampere circuit breaker? A. AWG number 20 B. AWG number 16 C. AWG number 12 D. AWG number 8 share/G/G8A010000664000175000017500000000050713467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG8A01 (B) How is an FSK signal generated? A. By keying an FM transmitter with a sub-audible tone B. By changing an oscillator's frequency directly with a digital control signal C. By using a transceiver's computer data interface protocol to change frequencies D. By reconfiguring the CW keying input to act as a tone generator share/G/G2D100000664000175000017500000000027013467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG2D10 (B) What is QRP operation? A. Remote piloted model control B. Low-power transmit operation C. Transmission using Quick Response Protocol D. Traffic relay procedure net operation share/G/G9B010000664000175000017500000000047113467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG9B01 (B) What is one disadvantage of a directly fed random-wire HF antenna? A. It must be longer than 1 wavelength B. You may experience RF burns when touching metal objects in your station C. It produces only vertically polarized radiation D. It is more effective on the lower HF bands than on the higher bands share/G/G1D030000664000175000017500000000100113467606075011167 0ustar jtnjtnG1D03 (C) [97.9(b)] On which of the following band segments may you operate if you are a Technician class operator and have a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General class privileges? A. Only the Technician band segments until your upgrade is posted in the FCC database B. Only on the Technician band segments until your license arrives in the mail C. On any General or Technician class band segment D. On any General or Technician class band segment except 30 meters and 60 meters share/G/G5B020000664000175000017500000000055613467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG5B02 (C) How does the total current relate to the individual currents in each branch of a purely resistive parallel circuit? A. It equals the average of each branch current B. It decreases as more parallel branches are added to the circuit C. It equals the sum of the currents through each branch D. It is the sum of the reciprocal of each individual voltage drop share/G/G7C140000664000175000017500000000026313467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG7C14 (A) The bandwidth of a band-pass filter is measured between what two frequencies? A. Upper and lower half-power B. Cutoff and rolloff C. Pole and zero D. Image and harmonic share/G/G5A080000664000175000017500000000033113467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG5A08 (B) What is one reason to use an impedance matching transformer? A. To minimize transmitter power output B. To maximize the transfer of power C. To reduce power supply ripple D. To minimize radiation resistance share/G/G4A170000664000175000017500000000040413467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG4A17 (A) What happens as the noise reduction control level in a receiver is increased? A. Received signals may become distorted B. Received frequency may become unstable C. CW signals may become severely attenuated D. Received frequency may shift several kHz share/G/G4B120000664000175000017500000000065113467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG4B12 (B) What problem can occur when making measurements on an antenna system with an antenna analyzer? A. Permanent damage to the analyzer may occur if it is operated into a high SWR B. Strong signals from nearby transmitters can affect the accuracy of measurements C. The analyzer can be damaged if measurements outside the ham bands are attempted D. Connecting the analyzer to an antenna can cause it to absorb harmonics share/G/G2A030000664000175000017500000000027313467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG2A03 (A) Which of the following is most commonly used for SSB voice communications in the VHF and UHF bands? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Vestigial sideband D. Double sideband share/G/G6A030000664000175000017500000000020613467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG6A03 (B) What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a germanium diode? A. 0.1 volt B. 0.3 volts C. 0.7 volts D. 1.0 volts share/G/G9C120000664000175000017500000000045313467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9C12 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of using a gamma match with a Yagi antenna? A. It does not require that the driven element be insulated from the boom B. It does not require any inductors or capacitors C. It is useful for matching multiband antennas D. All these choices are correct share/G/G9B070000664000175000017500000000043113467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG9B07 (B) How does the feed-point impedance of a 1/2 wave dipole antenna change as the antenna is lowered below 1/4 wave above ground? A. It steadily increases B. It steadily decreases C. It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength above ground D. It is unaffected by the height above ground share/G/G4E100000664000175000017500000000073513467621543011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4E10 (B) What is the reason that a series diode is connected between a solar panel and a storage battery that is being charged by the panel? A. The diode serves to regulate the charging voltage to prevent overcharge B. The diode prevents self-discharge of the battery through the panel during times of low or no illumination C. The diode limits the current flowing from the panel to a safe value D. The diode greatly increases the efficiency during times of high illumination share/G/G8C140000664000175000017500000000055413467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG8C14 (C) Which of the following describes a waterfall display? A. Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is vertical, time is intensity B. Frequency is vertical, signal strength is intensity, time is horizontal C. Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is intensity, time is vertical D. Frequency is vertical, signal strength is horizontal, time is intensity share/G/G5B010000664000175000017500000000025413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG5B01 (B) What dB change represents a factor of two increase or decrease in power? A. Approximately 2 dB B. Approximately 3 dB C. Approximately 6 dB D. Approximately 12 dB share/G/G1D090000664000175000017500000000031713467606075011206 0ustar jtnjtnG1D09 (C) [97.9(b)] How long is a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) valid for exam element credit? A. 30 days B. 180 days C. 365 days D. For as long as your current license is valid share/G/G1C050000664000175000017500000000032713467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG1C05 (C) [97.313] What is the limit for transmitter power on the 28 MHz band for a General Class control operator? A. 100 watts PEP output B. 1000 watts PEP output C. 1500 watts PEP output D. 2000 watts PEP output share/G/G9C030000664000175000017500000000047413467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG9C03 (A) How do the lengths of a three-element Yagi reflector and director compare to that of the driven element? A. The reflector is longer, and the director is shorter B. The reflector is shorter, and the director is longer C. They are all the same length D. Relative length depends on the frequency of operation share/G/G1D010000664000175000017500000000122613467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1D01 (A) [97.501, 97.505(a)] Who may receive partial credit for the elements represented by an expired Amateur Radio license? A. Any person who can demonstrate that they once held an FCC-issued General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class license that was not revoked by the FCC B. Anyone who held an FCC-issued Amateur Radio license that has been expired for not less than 5 years and not more than 15 years C. Any person who previously held an amateur license issued by another country, but only if that country has a current reciprocal licensing agreement with the FCC D. Only persons who once held an FCC issued Novice, Technician, or Technician Plus license share/G/G3A090000664000175000017500000000041213467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG3A09 (A) What benefit can high geomagnetic activity have on radio communications? A. Auroras that can reflect VHF signals B. Higher signal strength for HF signals passing through the polar regions C. Improved HF long path propagation D. Reduced long delayed echoes share/G/G6B080000664000175000017500000000020113467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG6B08 (D) How is an LED biased when emitting light? A. Beyond cutoff B. At the Zener voltage C. Reverse biased D. Forward biased share/G/G4E060000664000175000017500000000050613467606075011207 0ustar jtnjtnG4E06 (C) What is one disadvantage of using a shortened mobile antenna as opposed to a full-size antenna? A. Short antennas are more likely to cause distortion of transmitted signals B. Short antennas can only receive circularly polarized signals C. Operating bandwidth may be very limited D. Harmonic radiation may increase share/G/G4E030000664000175000017500000000047013467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG4E03 (A) Which of the following direct, fused power connections would be the best for a 100 watt HF mobile installation? A. To the battery using heavy-gauge wire B. To the alternator or generator using heavy-gauge wire C. To the battery using resistor wire D. To the alternator or generator using resistor wire share/G/G2A100000664000175000017500000000036413467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG2A10 (B) Which of the following statements is true of voice VOX operation versus PTT operation? A. The received signal is more natural sounding B. It allows "hands free" operation C. It occupies less bandwidth D. It provides more power output share/G/G2B050000664000175000017500000000035213467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG2B05 (C) When selecting an SSB transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? A. 5 to 50 Hz B. 150 to 500 Hz C. Approximately 3 kHz D. Approximately 6 kHz share/G/G6B100000664000175000017500000000047713467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG6B10 (A) How does a ferrite bead or core reduce common-mode RF current on the shield of a coaxial cable? A. By creating an impedance in the current's path B. It converts common-mode current to differential mode C. By creating an out-of-phase current to cancel the common-mode current D. Ferrites expel magnetic fields share/G/G7C110000664000175000017500000000061013467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG7C11 (A) What is meant by the term "software-defined radio" (SDR)? A. A radio in which most major signal processing functions are performed by software B. A radio that provides computer interface for automatic logging of band and frequency C. A radio that uses crystal filters designed using software D. A computer model that can simulate performance of a radio to aid in the design process share/G/G4B100000664000175000017500000000026413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG4B10 (A) Which of the following can be determined with a directional wattmeter? A. Standing wave ratio B. Antenna front-to-back ratio C. RF interference D. Radio wave propagation share/G/G4B150000664000175000017500000000035413467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG4B15 (A) What type of transmitter performance does a two-tone test analyze? A. Linearity B. Percentage of suppression of carrier and undesired sideband for SSB C. Percentage of frequency modulation D. Percentage of carrier phase shift share/G/G8C090000664000175000017500000000035313467606075011214 0ustar jtnjtnG8C09 (A) What does the number 31 represent in "PSK31"? A. The approximate transmitted symbol rate B. The version of the PSK protocol C. The year in which PSK31 was invented D. The number of characters that can be represented by PSK31 share/G/G1D020000664000175000017500000000037013467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG1D02 (C) [97.509(b)(3)(i)] What license examinations may you administer when you are an accredited VE holding a General class operator license? A. General and Technician B. General only C. Technician only D. Amateur Extra, General, and Technician share/G/G8A100000664000175000017500000000052513467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG8A10 (C) What is meant by the term "flat-topping," when referring to a single sideband phone transmission? A. Signal distortion caused by insufficient collector current B. The transmitter's automatic level control (ALC) is properly adjusted C. Signal distortion caused by excessive drive D. The transmitter's carrier is properly suppressed share/G/G1C020000664000175000017500000000040213467606075011171 0ustar jtnjtnG1C02 (C) [97.313] What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on the 12-meter band? A. 50 watts PEP output B. 200 watts PEP output C. 1500 watts PEP output D. An effective radiated power equivalent to 100 watts from a half-wave dipole share/G/G2D030000664000175000017500000000051313467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG2D03 (B) What skills learned during hidden transmitter hunts are of help to the Volunteer Monitoring Program? A. Identification of out-of-band operation B. Direction finding used to locate stations violating FCC rules C. Identification of different call signs D. Hunters have an opportunity to transmit on non-amateur frequencies share/G/G9B020000664000175000017500000000041213467606075011201 0ustar jtnjtnG9B02 (B) Which of the following is a common way to adjust the feed-point impedance of a quarter wave ground-plane vertical antenna to be approximately 50 ohms? A. Slope the radials upward B. Slope the radials downward C. Lengthen the radials D. Shorten the radials share/G/G6B040000664000175000017500000000022713467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG6B04 (B) What is meant by the term ROM? A. Resistor Operated Memory B. Read Only Memory C. Random Operational Memory D. Resistant to Overload Memory share/G/G3B110000664000175000017500000000050213467606075011173 0ustar jtnjtnG3B11 (A) What happens to HF propagation when the LUF exceeds the MUF? A. No HF radio frequency will support ordinary skywave communications over the path B. HF communications over the path are enhanced C. Double hop propagation along the path is more common D. Propagation over the path on all HF frequencies is enhanced share/G/G1B050000664000175000017500000000054113467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG1B05 (B) [97.111((5)(b)] Which of the following one-way transmissions are permitted? A. Unidentified test transmissions of less than one minute in duration B. Transmissions necessary to assist learning the International Morse code C. Regular transmissions offering equipment for sale, if intended for Amateur Radio use D. All these choices are correct share/G/G8A020000664000175000017500000000030213467606075011175 0ustar jtnjtnG8A02 (B) What is the name of the process that changes the phase angle of an RF signal to convey information? A. Phase convolution B. Phase modulation C. Phase transformation D. Phase inversion share/G/G4B140000664000175000017500000000044113467621512011172 0ustar jtnjtnG4B14 (D) What is an instance in which the use of an instrument with analog readout may be preferred over an instrument with digital readout? A. When testing logic circuits B. When high precision is desired C. When measuring the frequency of an oscillator D. When adjusting tuned circuits share/G/G9C090000664000175000017500000000046213467606075011216 0ustar jtnjtnG9C09 (B) How does the gain of two three-element, horizontally polarized Yagi antennas spaced vertically 1/2 wavelength apart typically compare to the gain of a single three-element Yagi? A. Approximately 1.5 dB higher B. Approximately 3 dB higher C. Approximately 6 dB higher D. Approximately 9 dB higher share/G/G6B110000664000175000017500000000046113467606075011202 0ustar jtnjtnG6B11 (B) What is a type SMA connector? A. A large bayonet connector usable at power levels more than 1 KW B. A small threaded connector suitable for signals up to several GHz C. A connector designed for serial multiple access signals D. A type of push-on connector intended for high-voltage applications share/G/G7C080000664000175000017500000000023513467606075011211 0ustar jtnjtnG7C08 (D) What circuit is used in analog FM receivers to convert IF output signals to audio? A. Product detector B. Phase inverter C. Mixer D. Discriminator share/G/G1E090000664000175000017500000000044713467606075011213 0ustar jtnjtnG1E09 (A) [97.115] Under what circumstances are messages that are sent via digital modes exempt from Part 97 third-party rules that apply to other modes of communication? A. Under no circumstances B. When messages are encrypted C. When messages are not encrypted D. When under automatic control share/G/G7C160000664000175000017500000000044413467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG7C16 (A) Which of the following is a typical application for a Direct Digital Synthesizer? A. A high-stability variable frequency oscillator in a transceiver B. A digital voltmeter C. A digital mode interface between a computer and a transceiver D. A high-sensitivity radio direction finder share/G/G4A090000664000175000017500000000057313467606075011212 0ustar jtnjtnG4A09 (C) Why is a time delay sometimes included in a transmitter keying circuit? A. To prevent stations from interfering with one another B. To allow the transmitter power regulators to charge properly C. To allow time for transmit-receive changeover operations to complete properly before RF output is allowed D. To allow time for a warning signal to be sent to other stations share/G/G5C140000664000175000017500000000031613467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG5C14 (D) Which of the following components should be added to an inductor to increase the inductance? A. A capacitor in series B. A resistor in parallel C. An inductor in parallel D. An inductor in series share/G/G9C130000664000175000017500000000023613467606075011210 0ustar jtnjtnG9C13 (A) Approximately how long is each side of the driven element of a quad antenna? A. 1/4 wavelength B. 1/2 wavelength C. 3/4 wavelength D. 1 wavelength share/G/G3A110000664000175000017500000000025613467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG3A11 (D) How long does it take charged particles from coronal mass ejections to affect radio propagation on Earth? A. 28 days B. 14 days C. 4 to 8 minutes D. 20 to 40 hours share/G/G5C170000664000175000017500000000016113467606075011205 0ustar jtnjtnG5C17 (C) What is the value in nanofarads (nF) of a 22,000 picofarad (pF) capacitor? A. 0.22 B. 2.2 C. 22 D. 220 share/G/G2C050000664000175000017500000000051213467606075011177 0ustar jtnjtnG2C05 (B) What is the best speed to use when answering a CQ in Morse code? A. The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no slower than the CQ B. The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no faster than the CQ C. At the standard calling speed of 10 wpm D. At the standard calling speed of 5 wpm share/G/G3C010000664000175000017500000000020413467606075011172 0ustar jtnjtnG3C01 (A) Which ionospheric layer is closest to the surface of Earth? A. The D layer B. The E layer C. The F1 layer D. The F2 layer share/G/G3C110000664000175000017500000000027613467606075011204 0ustar jtnjtnG3C11 (D) Which ionospheric layer is the most absorbent of long skip signals during daylight hours on frequencies below 10 MHz? A. The F2 layer B. The F1 layer C. The E layer D. The D layer share/G/G4A140000664000175000017500000000063313467606075011203 0ustar jtnjtnG4A14 (B) What is likely to happen if a transceiver's ALC system is not set properly when transmitting AFSK signals with the radio using single sideband mode? A. ALC will invert the modulation of the AFSK mode B. Improper action of ALC distorts the signal and can cause spurious emissions C. When using digital modes, too much ALC activity can cause the transmitter to overheat D. All these choices are correct share/G/G5A110000664000175000017500000000045013467606075011176 0ustar jtnjtnG5A11 (A) Which of the following describes one method of impedance matching between two AC circuits? A. Insert an LC network between the two circuits B. Reduce the power output of the first circuit C. Increase the power output of the first circuit D. Insert a circulator between the two circuits share/G/G8B030000664000175000017500000000020413467606075011200 0ustar jtnjtnG8B03 (A) What is another term for the mixing of two RF signals? A. Heterodyning B. Synthesizing C. Cancellation D. Phase inverting share/hamexam0000755000175000017500000001074113470330475011707 0ustar jtnjtn#!/bin/sh # study ham exam question pools # Copyright (C) 2011-2019 John Nogatch AC6SL # dir where question pools reside? INSTALLDIR="$(dirname "$(readlink -f $0)")" # user specified png viewer? if [ -n "${PNG_VIEWER+xxx}" ]; then if type "${PNG_VIEWER}" > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "user specified PNG_VIEWER: ${PNG_VIEWER}" else echo "user specified PNG_VIEWER: ${PNG_VIEWER} is not executable" PNG_VIEWER="" fi # try eog elif type "eog" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="eog" # try gwenview elif type "gwenview" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="gwenview" # try gpicview elif type "gpicview" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="gpicview" # try ristretto elif type "ristretto" > /dev/null 2>&1; then PNG_VIEWER="ristretto" else echo "PNG_VIEWER was not specifed nor found" PNG_VIEWER="" fi # dir to keep user's unanswered questions USERDIR=~/.hamexam # create user dir, if needed if [ ! -d "${USERDIR}" ]; then echo "creating ${USERDIR}" mkdir "${USERDIR}" if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "unable to create ~/.hamexam directory" sleep 3 exit 1 fi fi # check argument for T, G, or E, default to showing usage, version, brief help # set POOL within set {T,G,E} case "$1" in "2" | [tT]* ) POOL="T";; "3" | [gG]* ) POOL="G";; "4" | [eE]* ) POOL="E";; "q" | *) echo "usage: hamexam {t|g|e|q}"; echo "hamexam version 1.7.0"; echo "Technician, Element 2 effective July-2018 until July-2022"; echo "General, Element 3 effective July-2019 until July-2023"; echo "Extra, Element 4 effective July-2016 until July-2020"; echo "hamexam is an interactive study guide for USA FCC amateur radio (ham radio) examinations."; echo "The 3 question pools are:"; echo " t element 2, Technician Class (entry level),"; echo " g element 3, General Class (also requires element 2),"; echo " e element 4, Extra Class (also requires elements 2 and 3)."; echo "Questions are chosen randomly from the selected pool."; echo "Incorrect answers cause the question to be asked again later."; echo "Licenses are issued by the FCC, but exams are conducted by Volunteer Examiners." echo "For more information about USA amateur radio licensing: http://www.arrl.org/licensing-preparation-exams"; if [ "$1" != "q" ]; then sleep 3 exit 1; fi; POOL="Q" while [ $POOL = "Q" ]:; do # read -p "Which pool? {t,g,e} " POOL; (Debian: read with option other than -r) echo -n "Which pool? {t,g,e}: "; read POOL; case "$POOL" in "2" | [tT]* ) POOL="T";; "3" | [gG]* ) POOL="G";; "4" | [eE]* ) POOL="E";; * ) POOL="Q";; esac; done esac # go to user dir so that question names are accessible cd ${USERDIR} if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "unable to access ~/.hamexam directory" sleep 3 exit 1 fi # if no questions remain, reload all the questions ls ${POOL}* >> /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then case ${POOL} in "T" ) echo "reloading Technicican Class element 2";; "G" ) echo "reloading General Class element 3";; "E" ) echo "reloading Extra Class element 4";; "" | * ) echo "POOL variable was not set correctly"; sleep 3; exit 1;; esac ls "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL} | xargs touch else echo "resuming remaining questions" fi # no PNG_VIEWER available? if [ "${PNG_VIEWER}" = "" ]; then echo "no PNG_VIEWER to display diagrams" else # bring up diagrams for this element ${PNG_VIEWER} ${INSTALLDIR}/${POOL}pngs/${POOL}1.png 2>/dev/null & if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "${PNG_VIEWER} failed to display diagrams" fi fi # report how many questions remain ls ${POOL}* | wc | awk '{print $1 " questions remain in this pool\n"}' while :; do # random choice from remaining questions Q=`shuf -n 1 -e ${POOL}*` # exit if no more questions if [ "${Q}" = "${POOL}*" ]; then echo "question pool ${POOL} completed" sleep 3 break fi # if question still exists (might be stale name from old pool)... if [ -e "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL}/"${Q}" ]; then # no png viewer? if [ -z "${PNG_VIEWER}" ]; then # question references figure? egrep '[Ff]igure ' "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL}/"${Q}" >> /dev/null if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo "question ${Q} refers to a figure" rm "${Q}" continue fi fi # ...ask the question awk -f "${INSTALLDIR}"/ask.awk "${INSTALLDIR}"/${POOL}/"${Q}" else echo "question ${Q} not found" fi case $? in # if correct, remove the question 0) rm "${Q}";; # check for quit or EOF 2) break;; esac done exit 0 # end of hamexam share/README0000644000175000017500000000155213467615361011227 0ustar jtnjtnhamexam is the top-level script. It chooses a question and uses ask.awk to present each question and interpret the response. The question pools were downloaded from http://www.ncvec.org/ and then split apart into a separate file for each question using the split.awk script, e.g. "vi T2016*.txt (set fileformat=unix); cd T; gawk -f ../split.awk ../T2016*.txt". The 3 element pools are stored in the T, G, and E directories. The question files will need to be updated when the pools expire or are modified. The T*.png, G*.png, and E*.png files contain the diagrams needed to answer some of the questions. The .png files were derived from the .pdf files that accompany the question pool files on the ncvec.org sitei, e.g. "cd Epngs; pdftocairo -png ../2016*.pdf E". Alternatively, "convert T1.jpg T1.png". # Copyright (C) 2011-2019 John Nogatch AC6SL share/Epngs/0000755000175000017500000000000012644760560011416 5ustar jtnjtnshare/Epngs/E1.png0000664000175000017500000035500212644760506012400 0ustar jtnjtnPNG  IHDRssRGB, pHYs&? 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A. Give off light when current flows through it B. Supply electrical energy C. Control the flow of current D. Convert electrical energy into radio waves share/T/T7A020000664000175000017500000000035113467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT7A02 (B) What is a transceiver? A. A type of antenna switch B. A unit combining the functions of a transmitter and a receiver C. A component in a repeater that filters out unwanted interference D. A type of antenna matching network share/T/T1B050000664000175000017500000000034713467610630011225 0ustar jtnjtnT1B05 (B) [97.305(c)] What is the limitation for emissions on the frequencies between 219 and 220 MHz? A. Spread spectrum only B. Fixed digital message forwarding systems only C. Emergency traffic only D. Fast-scan television only share/T/T3A020000664000175000017500000000030613467607670011230 0ustar jtnjtnT3A02 (B) Why might the range of VHF and UHF signals be greater in the winter? A. Less ionospheric absorption B. Less absorption by vegetation C. Less solar activity D. Less tropospheric absorption share/T/T7A040000664000175000017500000000026013467613333011226 0ustar jtnjtnT7A04 (C) Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple signals? A. Discrimination ratio B. Sensitivity C. Selectivity D. Harmonic distortion share/T/T3B080000664000175000017500000000020513467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT3B08 (B) What are the frequency limits of the VHF spectrum? A. 30 to 300 kHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 300 to 3000 kHz D. 300 to 3000 MHz share/T/T5D060000664000175000017500000000020413467613021011221 0ustar jtnjtnT5D06 (A) What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source? A. 3 ohms B. 16 ohms C. 48 ohms D. 8 ohms share/T/T1C030000664000175000017500000000076013467610744011231 0ustar jtnjtnT1C03 (A) [97.117] What types of international communications is an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make? A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character B. Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature C. Only communications incidental to contest exchanges, all other communications are prohibited D. Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station share/T/T7C120000664000175000017500000000035313467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT7C12 (B) What does a dummy load consist of? A. A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch B. A non-inductive resistor and a heat sink C. A low-voltage power supply and a DC relay D. A 50 ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line share/T/T8A060000664000175000017500000000026713467607670011247 0ustar jtnjtnT8A06 (A) Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF singlesideband communications? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband D. Inverted sideband share/T/T9A060000664000175000017500000000023613467614255011241 0ustar jtnjtnT9A06 (C) What type of antennas are the quad, Yagi, and dish? A. Non-resonant antennas B. Log periodic antennas C. Directional antennas D. Isotropic antennas share/T/T7A090000664000175000017500000000047513467613365011250 0ustar jtnjtnT7A09 (B) What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier? A. Change the mode of the transmitted signal B. Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode C. Change the frequency range of the amplifier to operate in the proper portion of the band D. Reduce the received signal noise share/T/T0A020000664000175000017500000000041313467607760011224 0ustar jtnjtnT0A02 (D) What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body? A. It may cause injury by heating tissue B. It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells C. It may cause involuntary muscle contractions D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7D100000664000175000017500000000051513467613637011240 0ustar jtnjtnT7D10 (B) What is probably happening when an ohmmeter, connected across an unpowered circuit, initially indicates a low resistance and then shows increasing resistance with time? A. The ohmmeter is defective B. The circuit contains a large capacitor C. The circuit contains a large inductor D. The circuit is a relaxation oscillator share/T/T5A100000664000175000017500000000017113467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT5A10 (C) Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used? A. Resistance B. Current C. Power D. Voltage share/T/T0B100000664000175000017500000000042713467610207011217 0ustar jtnjtnT0B10 (C) Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection? A. Only non-insulated wire must be used B. Wires must be carefully routed with precise right-angle bends C. Sharp bends must be avoided D. Common grounds must be avoided share/T/T1A070000664000175000017500000000045613467610506011231 0ustar jtnjtnT1A07 (C) [97.3(a)(41)] What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station? A. Any satellite orbiting the earth B. A manned satellite orbiting the earth C. An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth's surface D. An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals share/T/T2B090000664000175000017500000000055613467611676011247 0ustar jtnjtnT2B09 (B) What is a "talk group" on a DMR digital repeater? A. A group of operators sharing common interests B. A way for groups of users to share a channel at different times without being heard by other users on the channel C. A protocol that increases the signal-to-noise ratio when multiple repeaters are linked together D. A net that meets at a particular time share/T/T9A080000664000175000017500000000020413467614270011233 0ustar jtnjtnT9A08 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz? A. 112 B. 50 C. 19 D. 12 share/T/T0C100000664000175000017500000000051513467610327011221 0ustar jtnjtnT0C10 (A) Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels? A. It affects the average exposure of people to radiation B. It affects the peak exposure of people to radiation C. It takes into account the antenna feed line loss D. It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier share/T/T1E090000664000175000017500000000042613467607670011244 0ustar jtnjtnT1E09 (D) [97.109(c)] Which of the following is true of remote control operation? A. The control operator must be at the control point B. A control operator is required at all times C. The control operator indirectly manipulates the controls D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0C040000664000175000017500000000036713467610261011226 0ustar jtnjtnT0C04 (D) What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna? A. Frequency and power level of the RF field B. Distance from the antenna to a person C. Radiation pattern of the antenna D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5B030000664000175000017500000000022413467607670011233 0ustar jtnjtnT5B03 (C) How many volts are equal to one kilovolt? A. One one-thousandth of a volt B. One hundred volts C. One thousand volts D. One million volts share/T/T5B070000664000175000017500000000031013467612673011232 0ustar jtnjtnT5B07 (C) If a frequency display calibrated in megahertz shows a reading of 3.525 MHz, what would it show if it were calibrated in kilohertz? A. 0.003525 kHz B. 35.25 kHz C. 3525 kHz D. 3,525,000 kHz share/T/T8C110000664000175000017500000000026013467614110011221 0ustar jtnjtnT8C11 (A) What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the internet? A. A gateway B. A repeater C. A digipeater D. A beacon share/T/T3C010000664000175000017500000000051413467612255011225 0ustar jtnjtnT3C01 (C) Why are direct (not via a repeater) UHF signals rarely heard from stations outside your local coverage area? A. They are too weak to go very far B. FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles C. UHF signals are usually not reflected by the ionosphere D. UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D layer share/T/T1A010000664000175000017500000000060413467610402011211 0ustar jtnjtnT1A01 (C) [97.1] Which of the following is a purpose of the Amateur Radio Service as stated in the FCC rules and regulations? A. Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible B. Providing communications for international non-profit organizations C. Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7B070000664000175000017500000000034313467613455011241 0ustar jtnjtnT7B07 (D) Which of the following can reduce overload to a VHF transceiver from a nearby FM broadcast station? A. RF preamplifier B. Double-shielded coaxial cable C. Using headphones instead of the speaker D. Band-reject filter share/T/T2C080000664000175000017500000000045513467612000011223 0ustar jtnjtnT2C08 (A) Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling? A. Passing messages exactly as received B. Making decisions as to whether messages are worthy of relay or delivery C. Ensuring that any newsworthy messages are relayed to the news media D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T8D050000664000175000017500000000070113467614136011235 0ustar jtnjtnT8D05 (A) Which of the following is an application of APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System)? A. Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations B. Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval C. Providing voice over internet connection between repeaters D. Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater share/T/T6C110000664000175000017500000000013613467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT6C11 (A) What is component 4 in figure T3? A. Antenna B. Transmitter C. Dummy load D. Ground share/T/T9B020000664000175000017500000000021013467614332011222 0ustar jtnjtnT9B02 (B) What is the impedance of most coaxial cables used in amateur radio installations? A. 8 ohms B. 50 ohms C. 600 ohms D. 12 ohms share/T/T7A110000664000175000017500000000033013467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT7A11 (A) Where is an RF preamplifier installed? A. Between the antenna and receiver B. At the output of the transmitter's power amplifier C. Between a transmitter and antenna tuner D. At the receiver's audio output share/T/T3A090000664000175000017500000000055413467612147011237 0ustar jtnjtnT3A09 (B) Which of the following results from the fact that skip signals refracted from the ionosphere are elliptically polarized? A. Digital modes are unusable B. Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception C. FM voice is unusable D. Both the transmitting and receiving antennas must be of the same polarization share/T/T6B070000664000175000017500000000022113467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT6B07 (B) What does the abbreviation LED stand for? A. Low Emission Diode B. Light Emitting Diode C. Liquid Emission Detector D. Long Echo Delay share/T/T0B050000664000175000017500000000030313467607670011226 0ustar jtnjtnT0B05 (C) What is the purpose of a gin pole? A. To temporarily replace guy wires B. To be used in place of a safety harness C. To lift tower sections or antennas D. To provide a temporary ground share/T/T8C010000664000175000017500000000026213467614022011224 0ustar jtnjtnT8C01 (C) Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming? A. Echolocation B. Doppler radar C. Radio direction finding D. Phase locking share/T/T3C050000664000175000017500000000035113467612330011222 0ustar jtnjtnT3C05 (A) Which of the following effects might cause radio signals to be heard despite obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations? A. Knife-edge diffraction B. Faraday rotation C. Quantum tunneling D. Doppler shift share/T/T2A060000664000175000017500000000040413467611547011230 0ustar jtnjtnT2A06 (A) Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions? A. Identify the transmitting station B. Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time C. Notify the FCC of the transmissions D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0C090000664000175000017500000000046313467610322011226 0ustar jtnjtnT0C09 (B) How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations? A. By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station B. By re-evaluating the station whenever an item of equipment is changed C. By making sure your antennas have low SWR D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1F110000664000175000017500000000051413467611514011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1F11 (B) [97.5(b)(2)] Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant? A. The trustee must have an Amateur Extra class operator license grant B. The club must have at least four members C. The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6A060000664000175000017500000000017513467607670011243 0ustar jtnjtnT6A06 (C) What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field? A. Resistor B. Capacitor C. Inductor D. Diode share/T/T1D060000664000175000017500000000061313467611203011221 0ustar jtnjtnT1D06 (B) [97.113(a)(4)] What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene? A. The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies B. Any such language is prohibited C. The ITU maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies D. There is no such prohibition share/T/T1B060000664000175000017500000000031713467610635011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1B06 (B) [97.301(e), 97.305] On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges? A. None B. 10 meter band only C. 80 meter, 40 meter, 15 meter and 10 meter bands D. 30 meter band only share/T/T9B030000664000175000017500000000053213467614337011237 0ustar jtnjtnT9B03 (A) Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line selected for amateur radio antenna systems? A. It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations B. It has less loss than any other type of feed line C. It can handle more power than any other type of feed line D. It is less expensive than any other type of feed line share/T/T9A020000664000175000017500000000065213467614233011233 0ustar jtnjtnT9A02 (A) Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading? A. Inserting an inductor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it electrically longer B. Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant C. Installing a spring in the base of a mobile vertical antenna to make it more flexible D. Strengthening the radiating elements of a beam antenna to better resist wind damage share/T/T3C030000664000175000017500000000056513467612272011234 0ustar jtnjtnT3C03 (B) What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral reflection? A. Signals from distances of 10,000 or more miles are common B. The signals exhibit rapid fluctuations of strength and often sound distorted C. These types of signals occur only during winter nighttime hours D. These types of signals are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west share/T/T8A100000664000175000017500000000025113467613720011224 0ustar jtnjtnT8A10 (B) What is the typical bandwidth of analog fast-scan TV transmissions on the 70 centimeter band? A. More than 10 MHz B. About 6 MHz C. About 3 MHz D. About 1 MHz share/T/T2B120000664000175000017500000000047213467611714011227 0ustar jtnjtnT2B12 (A) Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans? A. So that stations within mutual communications range can communicate without tying up a repeater B. For contest operation C. For working DX only D. So that stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset share/T/T0B090000664000175000017500000000043713467607670011242 0ustar jtnjtnT0B09 (C) Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole? A. The antenna will not work properly because of induced voltages B. The utility company will charge you an extra monthly fee C. The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7D020000664000175000017500000000030413467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT7D02 (B) What is the correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit? A. In series with the circuit B. In parallel with the circuit C. In quadrature with the circuit D. In phase with the circuit share/T/T3A030000664000175000017500000000031213467607670011226 0ustar jtnjtnT3A03 (C) What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance weaksignal CW and SSB contacts using the VHF and UHF bands? A. Right-hand circular B. Left-hand circular C. Horizontal D. Vertical share/T/T9A120000664000175000017500000000060413467614323011231 0ustar jtnjtnT9A12 (A) What is an advantage of using a properly mounted 5/8 wavelength antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service? A. It has a lower radiation angle and more gain than a 1/4 wavelength antenna B. It has very high angle radiation for better communicating through a repeater C. It eliminates distortion caused by reflected signals D. It has 10 times the power gain of a 1/4 wavelength design share/T/T8C090000664000175000017500000000040413467614077011244 0ustar jtnjtnT8C09 (D) How might you obtain a list of active nodes that use VoIP? A. By subscribing to an on line service B. From on line repeater lists maintained by the local repeater frequency coordinator C. From a repeater directory D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5B040000664000175000017500000000024313467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5B04 (A) How many volts are equal to one microvolt? A. One one-millionth of a volt B. One million volts C. One thousand kilovolts D. One one-thousandth of a volt share/T/T6D030000664000175000017500000000027213467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT6D03 (A) What type of switch is represented by component 3 in figure T2? A. Single-pole single-throw B. Single-pole double-throw C. Double-pole single-throw D. Double-pole double-throw share/T/T4B090000664000175000017500000000026013467612547011237 0ustar jtnjtnT4B09 (C) Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth for minimizing noise and interference for SSB reception? A. 500 Hz B. 1000 Hz C. 2400 Hz D. 5000 Hz share/T/T3C110000664000175000017500000000054013467612401011216 0ustar jtnjtnT3C11 (C) Why do VHF and UHF radio signals usually travel somewhat farther than the visual line of sight distance between two stations? A. Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light B. Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles C. The Earth seems less curved to radio waves than to light D. Radio waves are blocked by dust particles share/T/T7D070000664000175000017500000000027213467613621011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7D07 (D) Which of the following measurements are commonly made using a multimeter? A. SWR and RF power B. Signal strength and noise C. Impedance and reactance D. Voltage and resistance share/T/T2A070000664000175000017500000000051013467611555011226 0ustar jtnjtnT2A07 (A) What is meant by "repeater offset?" A. The difference between a repeater's transmit frequency and its receive frequency B. The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference C. The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency D. The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater share/T/T1E050000664000175000017500000000044113467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT1E05 (C) [97.3(a)(14)] What is an amateur station control point? A. The location of the station's transmitting antenna B. The location of the station transmitting apparatus C. The location at which the control operator function is performed D. The mailing address of the station licensee share/T/T8C060000664000175000017500000000033113467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT8C06 (B) How is access to some IRLP nodes accomplished? A. By obtaining a password that is sent via voice to the node B. By using DTMF signals C. By entering the proper internet password D. By using CTCSS tone codes share/T/T1C020000664000175000017500000000051413467610727011226 0ustar jtnjtnT1C02 (D) [97.19] Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules? A. Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra class license B. Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra class license C. Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years D. Any licensed amateur share/T/T5D160000664000175000017500000000036413467613070011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5D16 (D) What is the voltage across each of two components in parallel with a voltage source? A. It is determined by the type and value of the components B. Half the source voltage C. Twice the source voltage D. The same voltage as the source share/T/T6C030000664000175000017500000000014513467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT6C03 (B) What is component 2 in figure T1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Indicator lamp D. Connector share/T/T2B130000664000175000017500000000040413467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT2B13 (C) Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz? A. Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees B. Only on repeaters C. In at least some portion of all these bands D. On any band as long as power is limited to 25 watts share/T/T8A040000664000175000017500000000016413467613673011241 0ustar jtnjtnT8A04 (D) Which type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters? A. AM B. SSB C. PSK D. FM share/T/T6C100000664000175000017500000000015513467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT6C10 (D) What is component 3 in figure T3? A. Connector B. Meter C. Variable capacitor D. Variable inductor share/T/T8D020000664000175000017500000000025713467607670011245 0ustar jtnjtnT8D02 (A) What does the term "APRS" mean? A. Automatic Packet Reporting System B. Associated Public Radio Station C. Auto Planning Radio Set-up D. Advanced Polar Radio System share/T/T8C040000664000175000017500000000060213467614040011225 0ustar jtnjtnT8C04 (C) Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a radio contest? A. Sign only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling B. Contact the station twice to be sure that you are in his log C. Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1E080000664000175000017500000000043313467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT1E08 (A) [97.3(a)(6), 97.205(d)] Which of the following is an example of automatic control? A. Repeater operation B. Controlling the station over the internet C. Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically D. Using a computer or other device to identify automatically share/T/T8A080000664000175000017500000000017213467613710011234 0ustar jtnjtnT8A08 (B) What is the approximate bandwidth of a single sideband (SSB) voice signal? A. 1 kHz B. 3 kHz C. 6 kHz D. 15 kHz share/T/T4A050000664000175000017500000000046313467612427011234 0ustar jtnjtnT4A05 (A) What is the proper location for an external SWR meter? A. In series with the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna B. In series with the station's ground C. In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna D. In series with the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio share/T/T3B030000664000175000017500000000024213467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT3B03 (C) What are the two components of a radio wave? A. AC and DC B. Voltage and current C. Electric and magnetic fields D. Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation share/T/T1C080000664000175000017500000000024513467611016011225 0ustar jtnjtnT1C08 (C) [97.25] What is the normal term for an FCC-issued primary station/operator amateur radio license grant? A. Five years B. Life C. Ten years D. Twenty years share/T/T2A080000664000175000017500000000032713467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT2A08 (D) What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"? A. Call on the quarter hour B. A new antenna is being tested (no station should answer) C. Only the called station should transmit D. Calling any station share/T/T9A110000664000175000017500000000056513467614313011235 0ustar jtnjtnT9A11 (C) What is the gain of an antenna? A. The additional power that is added to the transmitter power B. The additional power that is lost in the antenna when transmitting on a higher frequency C. The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna D. The increase in impedance on receive or transmit compared to a reference antenna share/T/T9B050000664000175000017500000000035413467614355011243 0ustar jtnjtnT9B05 (D) In general, what happens as the frequency of a signal passing through coaxial cable is increased? A. The characteristic impedance decreases B. The loss decreases C. The characteristic impedance increases D. The loss increases share/T/T4B050000664000175000017500000000030413467612523011224 0ustar jtnjtnT4B05 (C) Which of the following would reduce ignition interference to a receiver? A. Change frequency slightly B. Decrease the squelch setting C. Turn on the noise blanker D. Use the RIT control share/T/T5A020000664000175000017500000000015513467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT5A02 (B) Electrical power is measured in which of the following units? A. Volts B. Watts C. Ohms D. Amperes share/T/T6B090000664000175000017500000000021313467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT6B09 (C) What are the names of the two electrodes of a diode? A. Plus and minus B. Source and drain C. Anode and cathode D. Gate and base share/T/T5D020000664000175000017500000000045613467607670011243 0ustar jtnjtnT5D02 (A) What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit? A. Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R) B. Voltage (E) equals current (I) divided by resistance (R) C. Voltage (E) equals current (I) added to resistance (R) D. Voltage (E) equals current (I) minus resistance (R) share/T/T0B080000664000175000017500000000060613467610173011227 0ustar jtnjtnT0B08 (C) What is considered to be a proper grounding method for a tower? A. A single four-foot ground rod, driven into the ground no more than 12 inches from the base B. A ferrite-core RF choke connected between the tower and ground C. Separate eight-foot long ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each other D. A connection between the tower base and a cold water pipe share/T/T5C070000664000175000017500000000015713467607670011245 0ustar jtnjtnT5C07 (B) A radio wave is made up of what type of energy? A. Pressure B. Electromagnetic C. Gravity D. Thermal share/T/T1F010000664000175000017500000000061013467611401011213 0ustar jtnjtnT1F01 (B) [97.103(c)] When must the station licensee make the station and its records available for FCC inspection? A. At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection B. At any time upon request by an FCC representative C. Only after failing to comply with an FCC notice of violation D. Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent share/T/T2A030000664000175000017500000000025013467607670011226 0ustar jtnjtnT2A03 (A) What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band? A. Plus or minus 5 MHz B. Plus or minus 600 kHz C. Plus or minus 500 kHz D. Plus or minus 1 MHz share/T/T6B030000664000175000017500000000022013467613143011220 0ustar jtnjtnT6B03 (C) Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch or amplifier? A. Oscillator B. Potentiometer C. Transistor D. Voltmeter share/T/T8A110000664000175000017500000000020013467613724011223 0ustar jtnjtnT8A11 (B) What is the approximate maximum bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal? A. 2.4 kHz B. 150 Hz C. 1000 Hz D. 15 kHz share/T/T1D080000664000175000017500000000076213467611223011232 0ustar jtnjtnT1D08 (B) [97.113(a)(3)(iii)] In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station? A. When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer B. When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution C. When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5B020000664000175000017500000000020313467612652011223 0ustar jtnjtnT5B02 (A) What is another way to specify a radio signal frequency of 1,500,000 hertz? A. 1500 kHz B. 1500 MHz C. 15 GHz D. 150 kHz share/T/T8C050000664000175000017500000000040613467607670011243 0ustar jtnjtnT8C05 (A) What is a grid locator? A. A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location B. A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation C. An instrument for neutralizing a final amplifier D. An instrument for radio direction finding share/T/T7C020000664000175000017500000000031113467613524011225 0ustar jtnjtnT7C02 (B) Which of the following instruments can be used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired operating frequency? A. A VTVM B. An antenna analyzer C. A Q meter D. A frequency counter share/T/T7B020000664000175000017500000000055213467613407011233 0ustar jtnjtnT7B02 (A) What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur radio transmission unintentionally? A. The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM band B. The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too high C. The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloaded D. The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low share/T/T0A100000664000175000017500000000044513467610063011216 0ustar jtnjtnT0A10 (A) What can happen if a lead-acid storage battery is charged or discharged too quickly? A. The battery could overheat, give off flammable gas, or explode B. The voltage can become reversed C. The memory effect will reduce the capacity of the battery D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0C130000664000175000017500000000050513467610360011220 0ustar jtnjtnT0C13 (C) If the averaging time for exposure is 6 minutes, how much power density is permitted if the signal is present for 3 minutes and absent for 3 minutes rather than being present for the entire 6 minutes? A. 3 times as much B. 1/2 as much C. 2 times as much D. There is no adjustment allowed for shorter exposure times share/T/T5D040000664000175000017500000000025213467613007011226 0ustar jtnjtnT5D04 (B) What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows through a resistor connected to 90 volts? A. 3 ohms B. 30 ohms C. 93 ohms D. 270 ohms share/T/T0A070000664000175000017500000000107413467610034011221 0ustar jtnjtnT0A07 (D) Which of these precautions should be taken when installing devices for lightning protection in a coaxial cable feed line? A. Include a parallel bypass switch for each protector so that it can be switched out of the circuit when running high power B. Include a series switch in the ground line of each protector to prevent RF overload from inadvertently damaging the protector C. Keep the ground wires from each protector separate and connected to station ground D. Mount all of the protectors on a metal plate that is in turn connected to an external ground rod share/T/T0A090000664000175000017500000000045213467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT0A09 (C) What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections? A. Waterproof them with silicone caulk or electrical tape B. Keep them as far apart as possible C. Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap D. Tune them for resonance on the lowest frequency of operation share/T/T5D080000664000175000017500000000022213467613031011224 0ustar jtnjtnT5D08 (C) What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? A. 20,000 amperes B. 0.5 amperes C. 2 amperes D. 100 amperes share/T/T4B080000664000175000017500000000057213467612543011240 0ustar jtnjtnT4B08 (B) What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver? A. Permits monitoring several modes at once B. Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode C. Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory D. Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies share/T/T8B010000664000175000017500000000037613467613730011236 0ustar jtnjtnT8B01 (C) What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons? A. The signal strength of received signals B. Time of day accurate to plus or minus 1/10 second C. Health and status of the satellite D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1F050000664000175000017500000000050213467611427011227 0ustar jtnjtnT1F05 (B) [97.119(b)(2)] What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals? A. Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT B. Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission C. Send the call sign followed by the indicator R D. Send the call sign using only a phone emission share/T/T0A110000664000175000017500000000053713467610075011224 0ustar jtnjtnT0A11 (D) What kind of hazard might exist in a power supply when it is turned off and disconnected? A. Static electricity could damage the grounding system B. Circulating currents inside the transformer might cause damage C. The fuse might blow if you remove the cover D. You might receive an electric shock from the charge stored in large capacitors share/T/T7C080000664000175000017500000000030513467613552011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7C08 (D) What instrument other than an SWR meter could you use to determine if a feed line and antenna are properly matched? A. Voltmeter B. Ohmmeter C. Iambic pentameter D. Directional wattmeter share/T/T7C050000664000175000017500000000046713467613540011242 0ustar jtnjtnT7C05 (A) Why do most solid-state amateur radio transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases? A. To protect the output amplifier transistors B. To comply with FCC rules on spectral purity C. Because power supplies cannot supply enough current at high SWR D. To improve the impedance match to the feed line share/T/T1C060000664000175000017500000000070613467611000011216 0ustar jtnjtnT1C06 (D) [97.5(a)(2)] From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit? A. From within any country that belongs to the International Telecommunications Union B. From within any country that is a member of the United Nations C. From anywhere within International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Regions 2 and 3 D. From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States share/T/T2A110000664000175000017500000000023413467611601011214 0ustar jtnjtnT2A11 (C) What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency? A. Full duplex B. Diplex C. Simplex D. Multiplex share/T/T9A010000664000175000017500000000036713467607670011244 0ustar jtnjtnT9A01 (C) What is a beam antenna? A. An antenna built from aluminum I-beams B. An omnidirectional antenna invented by Clarence Beam C. An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction D. An antenna that reverses the phase of received signals share/T/T7C040000664000175000017500000000023313467613534011233 0ustar jtnjtnT7C04 (C) What reading on an SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line? A. 2 to 1 B. 1 to 3 C. 1 to 1 D. 10 to 1 share/T/T5C080000664000175000017500000000044613467607670011247 0ustar jtnjtnT5C08 (A) What is the formula used to calculate electrical power in a DC circuit? A. Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) B. Power (P) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) C. Power (P) equals voltage (E) minus current (I) D. Power (P) equals voltage (E) plus current (I) share/T/T3C020000664000175000017500000000044113467612261011222 0ustar jtnjtnT3C02 (C) Which of the following is an advantage of HF vs VHF and higher frequencies? A. HF antennas are generally smaller B. HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals C. Long distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF D. There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF share/T/T5D070000664000175000017500000000025413467613025011233 0ustar jtnjtnT5D07 (D) What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? A. 9600 amperes B. 200 amperes C. 0.667 amperes D. 1.5 amperes share/T/T1B120000664000175000017500000000033713467610711011222 0ustar jtnjtnT1B12 (D) [97.313(b)] Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz? A. 50 watts B. 100 watts C. 500 watts D. 1500 watts share/T/T8B110000664000175000017500000000053313467622227011233 0ustar jtnjtnT8B11 (A) Who may receive telemetry from a space station? A. Anyone who can receive the telemetry signal B. A licensed radio amateur with a transmitter equipped for interrogating the satellite C. A licensed radio amateur who has been certified by the protocol developer D. A licensed radio amateur who has registered for an access code from AMSAT share/T/T5D150000664000175000017500000000036213467613064011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5D15 (C) What is the voltage across each of two components in series with a voltage source? A. The same voltage as the source B. Half the source voltage C. It is determined by the type and value of the components D. Twice the source voltage share/T/T1E060000664000175000017500000000061213467611336011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1E06 (A) [97.301] When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an exclusive Amateur Extra class operator segment of the amateur bands? A. At no time B. When operating a special event station C. As part of a multi-operator contest team D. When using a club station whose trustee is an Amateur Extra class operator licensee share/T/T4A020000664000175000017500000000036213467607670011233 0ustar jtnjtnT4A02 (D) How might a computer be used as part of an amateur radio station? A. For logging contacts and contact information B. For sending and/or receiving CW C. For generating and decoding digital signals D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T8B040000664000175000017500000000021613467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT8B04 (D) What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites? A. SSB B. FM C. CW/data D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0B030000664000175000017500000000041013467610125011210 0ustar jtnjtnT0B03 (D) Under what circumstances is it safe to climb a tower without a helper or observer? A. When no electrical work is being performed B. When no mechanical work is being performed C. When the work being done is not more than 20 feet above the ground D. Never share/T/T6C080000664000175000017500000000020413467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT6C08 (C) What is component 9 in figure T2? A. Variable capacitor B. Variable inductor C. Variable resistor D. Variable transformer share/T/T3C060000664000175000017500000000035613467612344011235 0ustar jtnjtnT3C06 (A) What mode is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis? A. Tropospheric ducting B. D layer refraction C. F2 layer refraction D. Faraday rotation share/T/T3B110000664000175000017500000000032713467612250011222 0ustar jtnjtnT3B11 (B) What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave as it travels through free space? A. 150,000 kilometers per second B. 300,000,000 meters per second C. 300,000,000 miles per hour D. 150,000 miles per hour share/T/T2B010000664000175000017500000000034513467611616011225 0ustar jtnjtnT2B01 (C) What is the most common use of the "reverse split" function of a VHF/UHF transceiver? A. Reduce power output B. Increase power output C. Listen on a repeater's input frequency D. Listen on a repeater's output frequency share/T/T1B010000664000175000017500000000045413467610576011231 0ustar jtnjtnT1B01 (B) What is the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)? A. An agency of the United States Department of Telecommunications Management B. A United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues C. An independent frequency coordination agency D. A department of the FCC share/T/T5C120000664000175000017500000000032313467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT5C12 (A) What is impedance? A. A measure of the opposition to AC current flow in a circuit B. The inverse of resistance C. The Q or Quality Factor of a component D. The power handling capability of a component share/T/T3C080000664000175000017500000000032313467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT3C08 (D) What causes tropospheric ducting? A. Discharges of lightning during electrical storms B. Sunspots and solar flares C. Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes D. Temperature inversions in the atmosphere share/T/T5C010000664000175000017500000000020313467607670011227 0ustar jtnjtnT5C01 (D) What is the ability to store energy in an electric field called? A. Inductance B. Resistance C. Tolerance D. Capacitance share/T/T3A110000664000175000017500000000026013467612166011223 0ustar jtnjtnT3A11 (C) Which part of the atmosphere enables the propagation of radio signals around the world? A. The stratosphere B. The troposphere C. The ionosphere D. The magnetosphere share/T/T5C140000664000175000017500000000012513467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT5C14 (D) What is the proper abbreviation for megahertz? A. mHz B. mhZ C. Mhz D. MHz share/T/T6B080000664000175000017500000000025213467607670011242 0ustar jtnjtnT6B08 (A) What does the abbreviation FET stand for? A. Field Effect Transistor B. Fast Electron Transistor C. Free Electron Transmitter D. Frequency Emission Transmitter share/T/T0B070000664000175000017500000000052713467610160011224 0ustar jtnjtnT0B07 (C) Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower? A. This type of tower must never be painted B. This type of tower must never be grounded C. This type of tower must not be climbed unless retracted or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6A100000664000175000017500000000024113467607670011230 0ustar jtnjtnT6A10 (D) Which of the following battery types is rechargeable? A. Nickel-metal hydride B. Lithium-ion C. Lead-acid gel-cell D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7D110000664000175000017500000000046313467613644011241 0ustar jtnjtnT7D11 (B) Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring circuit resistance with an ohmmeter? A. Ensure that the applied voltages are correct B. Ensure that the circuit is not powered C. Ensure that the circuit is grounded D. Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency share/T/T1C090000664000175000017500000000030013467611023011214 0ustar jtnjtnT1C09 (A) [97.21(a)(b)] What is the grace period following the expiration of an amateur license within which the license may be renewed? A. Two years B. Three years C. Five years D. Ten years share/T/T8D040000664000175000017500000000036613467607670011250 0ustar jtnjtnT8D04 (C) What type of transmission is indicated by the term "NTSC?" A. A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit B. A special mode for earth satellite uplink C. An analog fast scan color TV signal D. A frame compression scheme for TV signals share/T/T2B110000664000175000017500000000014013467607670011224 0ustar jtnjtnT2B11 (B) Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency? A. QRU B. QSY C. QSL D. QRZ share/T/T5A110000664000175000017500000000014413467607670011232 0ustar jtnjtnT5A11 (A) What is the unit of electromotive force? A. The volt B. The watt C. The ampere D. The ohm share/T/T1C050000664000175000017500000000024113467610765011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1C05 (A) Which of the following is a valid call sign for a Technician class amateur radio station? A. K1XXX B. KA1X C. W1XX D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T9A050000664000175000017500000000034413467614251011234 0ustar jtnjtnT9A05 (C) How would you change a dipole antenna to make it resonant on a higher frequency? A. Lengthen it B. Insert coils in series with radiating wires C. Shorten it D. Add capacitive loading to the ends of the radiating wires share/T/T3C100000664000175000017500000000035413467612374011231 0ustar jtnjtnT3C10 (A) Which of the following bands may provide long distance communications during the peak of the sunspot cycle? A. 6 or 10 meter bands B. 23 centimeter band C. 70 centimeter or 1.25 meter bands D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7C100000664000175000017500000000053713467613564011242 0ustar jtnjtnT7C10 (D) Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light? A. Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiation B. Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable's jacket C. Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix, causing interference D. Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable share/T/T3A070000664000175000017500000000025013467612114011220 0ustar jtnjtnT3A07 (A) What type of wave carries radio signals between transmitting and receiving stations? A. Electromagnetic B. Electrostatic C. Surface acoustic D. Ferromagnetic share/T/T0A030000664000175000017500000000023713467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT0A03 (C) In the United States, what is connected to the green wire in a threewire electrical AC plug? A. Neutral B. Hot C. Equipment ground D. The white wire share/T/T5B120000664000175000017500000000017413467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT5B12 (A) Which of the following frequencies is equal to 28,400 kHz? A. 28.400 MHz B. 2.800 MHz C. 284.00 MHz D. 28.400 kHz share/T/T3C040000664000175000017500000000035413467612301011222 0ustar jtnjtnT3C04 (B) Which of the following propagation types is most commonly associated with occasional strong over-the-horizon signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands? A. Backscatter B. Sporadic E C. D layer absorption D. Gray-line propagation share/T/T3B060000664000175000017500000000055313467612227011233 0ustar jtnjtnT3B06 (D) What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters? A. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300 B. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300 C. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300 D. Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz share/T/T0C080000664000175000017500000000037413467610313011226 0ustar jtnjtnT0C08 (A) Which of the following actions might amateur operators take to prevent exposure to RF radiation in excess of FCC-supplied limits? A. Relocate antennas B. Relocate the transmitter C. Increase the duty cycle D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1A080000664000175000017500000000052113467610516011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1A08 (B) [97.3(a)(22)] Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations? A. Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC B. Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs C. FCC Regional Field Office D. International Telecommunications Union share/T/T5D110000664000175000017500000000021713467613045011227 0ustar jtnjtnT5D11 (B) What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it? A. 1 volt B. 10 volts C. 11 volts D. 9 volts share/T/T7D120000664000175000017500000000056213467613654011243 0ustar jtnjtnT7D12 (B) Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter? A. Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedance B. Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measured C. Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeter D. Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency share/T/T0B040000664000175000017500000000051113467610133011212 0ustar jtnjtnT0B04 (C) Which of the following is an important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower? A. Wear a ground strap connected to your wrist at all times B. Insulate the base of the tower to avoid lightning strikes C. Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1F020000664000175000017500000000060113467611412011216 0ustar jtnjtnT1F02 (C) [97.119 (a)] When using tactical identifiers such as "Race Headquarters" during a community service net operation, how often must your station transmit the station's FCC-assigned call sign? A. Never, the tactical call is sufficient B. Once during every hour C. At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication D. At the end of every transmission share/T/T3A120000664000175000017500000000043513467612173011226 0ustar jtnjtnT3A12 (B) How might fog and light rain affect radio range on the 10 meter and 6 meter bands? A. Fog and rain absorb these wavelength bands B. Fog and light rain will have little effect on these bands C. Fog and rain will deflect these signals D. Fog and rain will increase radio range share/T/T8D100000664000175000017500000000035213467614165011235 0ustar jtnjtnT8D10 (D) Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT suite? A. Moonbounce or Earth-Moon-Earth B. Weak-signal propagation beacons C. Meteor scatter D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T2B040000664000175000017500000000050113467611637011225 0ustar jtnjtnT2B04 (D) Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear? A. Improper transceiver offset B. The repeater may require a proper CTCSS tone from your transceiver C. The repeater may require a proper DCS tone from your transceiver D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T2B050000664000175000017500000000035413467611644011232 0ustar jtnjtnT2B05 (C) What might be the problem if a repeater user says your transmissions are breaking up on voice peaks? A. You have the incorrect offset B. You need to talk louder C. You are talking too loudly D. Your transmit power is too high share/T/T6C120000664000175000017500000000021713467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT6C12 (A) What do the symbols on an electrical schematic represent? A. Electrical components B. Logic states C. Digital codes D. Traffic nodes share/T/T1F100000664000175000017500000000045613467611510011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1F10 (A) [97.205(g)] Who is accountable should a repeater inadvertently retransmit communications that violate the FCC rules? A. The control operator of the originating station B. The control operator of the repeater C. The owner of the repeater D. Both the originating station and the repeater owner share/T/T9B100000664000175000017500000000041413467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT9B10 (C) What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-8 coaxial cable? A. There is no significant difference between the two types B. RG-58 cable has two shields C. RG-8 cable has less loss at a given frequency D. RG-58 cable can handle higher power levels share/T/T6D060000664000175000017500000000025413467613262011236 0ustar jtnjtnT6D06 (B) What component is commonly used to change 120V AC house current to a lower AC voltage for other uses? A. Variable capacitor B. Transformer C. Transistor D. Diode share/T/T7D050000664000175000017500000000020413467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7D05 (D) What instrument is used to measure resistance? A. An oscilloscope B. A spectrum analyzer C. A noise bridge D. An ohmmeter share/T/T8A090000664000175000017500000000024713467607670011250 0ustar jtnjtnT8A09 (C) What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM phone signal? A. Less than 500 Hz B. About 150 kHz C. Between 10 and 15 kHz D. Between 50 and 125 kHz share/T/T9A070000664000175000017500000000051613467614263011242 0ustar jtnjtnT9A07 (A) What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver, with its integral antenna, inside a vehicle? A. Signals might not propagate well due to the shielding effect of the vehicle B. It might cause the transceiver to overheat C. The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T8D110000664000175000017500000000063713467614175011245 0ustar jtnjtnT8D11 (C) What is an ARQ transmission system? A. A special transmission format limited to video signals B. A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite C. A digital scheme whereby the receiving station detects errors and sends a request to the sending station to retransmit the information D. A method of compressing the data in a message so more information can be sent in a shorter time share/T/T5B100000664000175000017500000000024113467612711011220 0ustar jtnjtnT5B10 (C) What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts? A. -1 dB B. -3 dB C. -6 dB D. -9 dB share/T/T4B070000664000175000017500000000022613467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT4B07 (B) What does the term "RIT" mean? A. Receiver Input Tone B. Receiver Incremental Tuning C. Rectifier Inverter Test D. Remote Input Transmitter share/T/T7C060000664000175000017500000000020413467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7C06 (D) What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate? A. Loss of -4 dB B. Good impedance match C. Gain of +4 dB D. Impedance mismatch share/T/T3A040000664000175000017500000000046013467612073011224 0ustar jtnjtnT3A04 (B) What can happen if the antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization? A. The modulation sidebands might become inverted B. Signals could be significantly weaker C. Signals have an echo effect on voices D. Nothing significant will happen share/T/T2C070000664000175000017500000000070613467611772011240 0ustar jtnjtnT2C07 (C) Which of the following is an accepted practice for an amateur operator who has checked into a net? A. Provided that the frequency is quiet, announce the station call sign and location every 5 minutes B. Move 5 kHz away from the net's frequency and use high power to ask other hams to keep clear of the net frequency C. Remain on frequency without transmitting until asked to do so by the net control station D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1E070000664000175000017500000000050613467611346011234 0ustar jtnjtnT1E07 (D) [97.103(a)] When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station? A. All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation B. Only the station licensee C. Only the control operator D. The control operator and the station licensee are equally responsible share/T/T0A080000664000175000017500000000053213467610052011220 0ustar jtnjtnT0A08 (A) What safety equipment should always be included in home-built equipment that is powered from 120V AC power circuits? A. A fuse or circuit breaker in series with the AC hot conductor B. An AC voltmeter across the incoming power source C. An inductor in parallel with the AC power source D. A capacitor in series with the AC power source share/T/T8A050000664000175000017500000000017713467607670011246 0ustar jtnjtnT8A05 (C) Which of the following types of emission has the narrowest bandwidth? A. FM voice B. SSB voice C. CW D. Slow-scan TV share/T/T5A060000664000175000017500000000022213467607670011233 0ustar jtnjtnT5A06 (A) How much voltage does a mobile transceiver typically require? A. About 12 volts B. About 30 volts C. About 120 volts D. About 240 volts share/T/T1F060000664000175000017500000000035013467611440011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1F06 (D) [97.119(c)] Which of the following formats of a self-assigned indicator is acceptable when identifying using a phone transmission? A. KL7CC stroke W3 B. KL7CC slant W3 C. KL7CC slash W3 D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0A050000664000175000017500000000045013467610007011214 0ustar jtnjtnT0A05 (C) Why is it unwise to install a 20-ampere fuse in the place of a 5-ampere fuse? A. The larger fuse would be likely to blow because it is rated for higher current B. The power supply ripple would greatly increase C. Excessive current could cause a fire D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0B120000664000175000017500000000055113467610227011221 0ustar jtnjtnT0B12 (C) Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection? A. Put a loop in the ground connection to prevent water damage to the ground system B. Make sure that all bends in the ground wires are clean, right-angle bends C. Ensure that connections are short and direct D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0A010000664000175000017500000000043513467607670011227 0ustar jtnjtnT0A01 (B) Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery? A. Touching both terminals with the hands can cause electrical shock B. Shorting the terminals can cause burns, fire, or an explosion C. RF emissions from the battery D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5B060000664000175000017500000000027413467612667011245 0ustar jtnjtnT5B06 (C) If an ammeter calibrated in amperes is used to measure a 3000- milliampere current, what reading would it show? A. 0.003 amperes B. 0.3 amperes C. 3 amperes D. 3,000,000 amperes share/T/T7D010000664000175000017500000000023213467613577011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7D01 (B) Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential or electromotive force? A. An ammeter B. A voltmeter C. A wavemeter D. An ohmmeter share/T/T5C040000664000175000017500000000014413467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT5C04 (C) What is the basic unit of inductance? A. The coulomb B. The farad C. The henry D. The ohm share/T/T6B100000664000175000017500000000023513467613171011225 0ustar jtnjtnT6B10 (B) Which of the following could be the primary gain-producing component in an RF power amplifier? A. Transformer B. Transistor C. Reactor D. Resistor share/T/T3A050000664000175000017500000000052113467612102011214 0ustar jtnjtnT3A05 (B) When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to access a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path? A. Change from vertical to horizontal polarization B. Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater C. Try the long path D. Increase the antenna SWR share/T/T8B070000664000175000017500000000055613467613764011253 0ustar jtnjtnT8B07 (C) With regard to satellite communications, what is Doppler shift? A. A change in the satellite orbit B. A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another C. An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth station D. A special digital communications mode for some satellites share/T/T5C100000664000175000017500000000026213467612761011231 0ustar jtnjtnT5C10 (B) How much power is being used in a circuit when the applied voltage is 12 volts DC and the current is 2.5 amperes? A. 4.8 watts B. 30 watts C. 14.5 watts D. 0.208 watts share/T/T3B020000664000175000017500000000044413467612211011217 0ustar jtnjtnT3B02 (A) What property of a radio wave is used to describe its polarization? A. The orientation of the electric field B. The orientation of the magnetic field C. The ratio of the energy in the magnetic field to the energy in the electric field D. The ratio of the velocity to the wavelength share/T/T5A120000664000175000017500000000023613467612634011231 0ustar jtnjtnT5A12 (D) What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle? A. Pulse rate B. Speed C. Wavelength D. Frequency share/T/T4A100000664000175000017500000000034713467612465011233 0ustar jtnjtnT4A10 (B) What is the source of a high-pitched whine that varies with engine speed in a mobile transceiver's receive audio? A. The ignition system B. The alternator C. The electric fuel pump D. Anti-lock braking system controllers share/T/T2C020000664000175000017500000000026613467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT2C02 (B) What is meant by the term "NCS" used in net operation? A. Nominal Control System B. Net Control Station C. National Communications Standard D. Normal Communications Syntax share/T/T6A080000664000175000017500000000024313467613117011232 0ustar jtnjtnT6A08 (B) What electrical component is used to connect or disconnect electrical circuits? A. Magnetron B. Switch C. Thermistor D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6A070000664000175000017500000000017213467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT6A07 (D) What electrical component usually is constructed as a coil of wire? A. Switch B. Capacitor C. Diode D. Inductor share/T/T1D090000664000175000017500000000110413467611241011222 0ustar jtnjtnT1D09 (A) [97.113(5)(b)] Under which of the following circumstances are amateur stations authorized to transmit signals related to broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available? A. Only where such communications directly relate to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property B. Only when broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle C. Only where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network D. Only when using amateur repeaters linked to the internet share/T/T6D020000664000175000017500000000021413467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT6D02 (A) What is a relay? A. An electrically-controlled switch B. A current controlled amplifier C. An optical sensor D. A pass transistor share/T/T7C070000664000175000017500000000032213467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT7C07 (C) What happens to power lost in a feed line? A. It increases the SWR B. It comes back into your transmitter and could cause damage C. It is converted into heat D. It can cause distortion of your signal share/T/T8D130000664000175000017500000000046413467614216011241 0ustar jtnjtnT8D13 (B) What is FT8? A. A wideband FM voice mode B. A digital mode capable of operating in low signal-to-noise conditions that transmits on 15-second intervals C. An eight channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters D. A digital slow scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation share/T/T6C020000664000175000017500000000013613467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT6C02 (A) What is component 1 in figure T1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Battery D. Connector share/T/T3A010000664000175000017500000000066013467612061011220 0ustar jtnjtnT3A01 (D) What should you do if another operator reports that your station's 2 meter signals were strong just a moment ago, but now they are weak or distorted? A. Change the batteries in your radio to a different type B. Turn on the CTCSS tone C. Ask the other operator to adjust his squelch control D. Try moving a few feet or changing the direction of your antenna if possible, as reflections may be causing multi-path distortion share/T/T5A010000664000175000017500000000015713467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5A01 (D) Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? A. Volts B. Watts C. Ohms D. Amperes share/T/T5C020000664000175000017500000000014213467607670011232 0ustar jtnjtnT5C02 (A) What is the basic unit of capacitance? A. The farad B. The ohm C. The volt D. The henry share/T/T2B070000664000175000017500000000035513467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT2B07 (C) How can you join a digital repeater's "talk group"? A. Register your radio with the local FCC office B. Join the repeater owner's club C. Program your radio with the group's ID or code D. Sign your call after the courtesy tone share/T/T1E040000664000175000017500000000051013467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT1E04 (D) [97.103(b)] What determines the transmitting privileges of an amateur station? A. The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator B. The frequencies printed on the license grant C. The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises D. The class of operator license held by the control operator share/T/T5C050000664000175000017500000000011513467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5C05 (A) What is the unit of frequency? A. Hertz B. Henry C. Farad D. Tesla share/T/T6A050000664000175000017500000000025313467613104011224 0ustar jtnjtnT6A05 (D) What type of electrical component consists of two or more conductive surfaces separated by an insulator? A. Resistor B. Potentiometer C. Oscillator D. Capacitor share/T/T0B020000664000175000017500000000044313467610113011212 0ustar jtnjtnT0B02 (C) What is a good precaution to observe before climbing an antenna tower? A. Make sure that you wear a grounded wrist strap B. Remove all tower grounding connections C. Put on a carefully inspected climbing harness(fall arrester)and safety glasses D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T8B120000664000175000017500000000052213467622235011231 0ustar jtnjtnT8B12 (C) Which of the following is a good way to judge whether your uplink power is neither too low nor too high? A. Check your signal strength report in the telemetry data B. Listen for distortion on your downlink signal C. Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6D110000664000175000017500000000044113467613306011227 0ustar jtnjtnT6D11 (A) Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit? A. An inductor and a capacitor connected in series or parallel to form a filter B. A type of voltage regulator C. A resistor circuit used for reducing standing wave ratio D. A circuit designed to provide high-fidelity audio share/T/T1D010000664000175000017500000000077613467611060011227 0ustar jtnjtnT1D01 (A) [97.111(a)(1)] With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications? A. Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications B. Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications C. Any country engaged in hostilities with another country D. Any country in violation of the War Powers Act of 1934 share/T/T7A080000664000175000017500000000024013467613360011230 0ustar jtnjtnT7A08 (C) Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal? A. Impedance matching B. Oscillation C. Modulation D. Low-pass filtering share/T/T7A060000664000175000017500000000024213467613343011231 0ustar jtnjtnT7A06 (C) What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band? A. High-pass filter B. Low-pass filter C. Transverter D. Phase converter share/T/T0C060000664000175000017500000000050213467610300011211 0ustar jtnjtnT0C06 (D) Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? A. By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 B. By calculation based on computer modeling C. By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1B070000664000175000017500000000040513467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT1B07 (A) [97.305(a), (c)] Which of the following VHF/UHF frequency ranges are limited to CW only? A. 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz B. 219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz C. 902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHZ D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5B090000664000175000017500000000023613467612703011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5B09 (B) What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts? A. 2 dB B. 3 dB C. 5 dB D. 10 dB share/T/T6C090000664000175000017500000000016713467607670011251 0ustar jtnjtnT6C09 (D) What is component 4 in figure T2? A. Variable inductor B. Double-pole switch C. Potentiometer D. Transformer share/T/T5C030000664000175000017500000000020313467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT5C03 (D) What is the ability to store energy in a magnetic field called? A. Admittance B. Capacitance C. Resistance D. Inductance share/T/T6B110000664000175000017500000000023113467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT6B11 (A) What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal? A. Gain B. Forward resistance C. Forward voltage drop D. On resistance share/T/T6B060000664000175000017500000000025613467613156011240 0ustar jtnjtnT6B06 (B) How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package? A. With the word "cathode" B. With a stripe C. With the letter C D. With the letter K share/T/T7B120000664000175000017500000000047013467613515011233 0ustar jtnjtnT7B12 (D) What should be the first step to resolve cable TV interference from your ham radio transmission? A. Add a low-pass filter to the TV antenna input B. Add a high-pass filter to the TV antenna input C. Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input D. Be sure all TV coaxial connectors are installed properly share/T/T1B100000664000175000017500000000046213467610674011227 0ustar jtnjtnT1B10 (D) [97.301(e), 97.305(c)] Which of the following HF bands have frequencies available to the Technician class operator for RTTY and data transmissions? A. 10 meter, 12 meter, 17 meter, and 40 meter bands B. 10 meter, 15 meter, 40 meter, and 80 meter bands C. 30 meter band only D. 10 meter band only share/T/T1D050000664000175000017500000000077213467611165011235 0ustar jtnjtnT1D05 (A) [97.113(a)(3)(ii)] When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade? A. When the equipment is normally used in an amateur station and such activity is not conducted on a regular basis B. When the asking price is $100.00 or less C. When the asking price is less than its appraised value D. When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee or the control operator or their close relatives share/T/T1E020000664000175000017500000000064613467611275011235 0ustar jtnjtnT1E02 (D) [97.301, 97.207(c)] Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station? A. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator B. A General class or higher licensee who has a satellite operator certification C. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member D. Any amateur whose license privileges allow them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency share/T/T3C070000664000175000017500000000022013467607670011232 0ustar jtnjtnT3C07 (B) What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter? A. 10 meter band B. 6 meter band C. 2 meter band D. 70 centimeter band share/T/T7B040000664000175000017500000000044613467613416011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7B04 (D) Which of the following is a way to reduce or eliminate interference from an amateur transmitter to a nearby telephone? A. Put a filter on the amateur transmitter B. Reduce the microphone gain C. Reduce the SWR on the transmitter transmission line D. Put an RF filter on the telephone share/T/T7B050000664000175000017500000000055213467613425011236 0ustar jtnjtnT7B05 (A) How can overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an amateur signal be reduced or eliminated? A. Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiver B. Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitter C. Switch the transmitter from FM to SSB D. Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode share/T/T9A100000664000175000017500000000033013467614302011220 0ustar jtnjtnT9A10 (C) In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal? A. Equally in all directions B. Off the ends of the antenna C. Broadside to the antenna D. In the direction of the feed line share/T/T2C090000664000175000017500000000054513467612011011226 0ustar jtnjtnT2C09 (D) Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class? A. No B. Yes, but only when part of a FEMA emergency plan C. Yes, but only when part of a RACES emergency plan D. Yes, but only if necessary in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property share/T/T3C090000664000175000017500000000063113467612366011240 0ustar jtnjtnT3C09 (A) What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F layer? A. From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity B. From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity C. From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity D. From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity share/T/T1D070000664000175000017500000000043013467611210011215 0ustar jtnjtnT1D07 (B) [97.113(d)] What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations? A. Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth stations B. Repeater, auxiliary, or space stations C. Beacon, repeater, or space stations D. Earth, repeater, or space stations share/T/T5B110000664000175000017500000000022713467612716011232 0ustar jtnjtnT5B11 (A) What is the amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts? A. 10 dB B. 12 dB C. 18 dB D. 28 dB share/T/T4B060000664000175000017500000000034413467612527011235 0ustar jtnjtnT4B06 (D) Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal seems too high or low? A. The AGC or limiter B. The bandwidth selection C. The tone squelch D. The receiver RIT or clarifier share/T/T4A010000664000175000017500000000044313467612405011222 0ustar jtnjtnT4A01 (D) What must be considered to determine the minimum current capacity needed for a transceiver power supply? A. Efficiency of the transmitter at full power output B. Receiver and control circuit power C. Power supply regulation and heat dissipation D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6D010000664000175000017500000000026013467613241011223 0ustar jtnjtnT6D01 (B) Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal? A. Transformer B. Rectifier C. Amplifier D. Reflector share/T/T5C130000664000175000017500000000011713467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT5C13 (D) What is a unit of impedance? A. Volts B. Amperes C. Coulombs D. Ohms share/T/T9B080000664000175000017500000000040213467614375011242 0ustar jtnjtnT9B08 (A) Why should coax connectors exposed to the weather be sealed against water intrusion? A. To prevent an increase in feed line loss B. To prevent interference to telephones C. To keep the jacket from becoming loose D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1F070000664000175000017500000000066013467611450011232 0ustar jtnjtnT1F07 (B) [97.115(a)(2)] Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a Technician class control operator? A. The person must be a U.S. citizen B. The foreign station must be one with which the U.S. has a thirdparty agreement C. The licensed control operator must do the station identification D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5A140000664000175000017500000000017213467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT5A14 (B) In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components? A. Series B. Parallel C. Resonant D. Branch share/T/T3A060000664000175000017500000000033113467612107011221 0ustar jtnjtnT3A06 (B) What term is commonly used to describe the rapid fluttering sound sometimes heard from mobile stations that are moving while transmitting? A. Flip-flopping B. Picket fencing C. Frequency shifting D. Pulsing share/T/T5A030000664000175000017500000000020013467607670011224 0ustar jtnjtnT5A03 (D) What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? A. Voltage B. Resistance C. Capacitance D. Current share/T/T1D040000664000175000017500000000057613467611151011231 0ustar jtnjtnT1D04 (A) [97.113(a)(4), 97.113(c)] Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission? A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications B. When the music produces no spurious emissions C. When the purpose is to interfere with an illegal transmission D. When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz share/T/T1C010000664000175000017500000000043213467610717011223 0ustar jtnjtnT1C01 (D) [97.9(a), 97.17(a)] For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC? A. Novice, Technician, General, Advanced B. Technician, Technician Plus, General, Advanced C. Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced D. Technician, General, Amateur Extra share/T/T2C110000664000175000017500000000055013467612033011217 0ustar jtnjtnT2C11 (A) What is meant by the term "check," in reference to a formal traffic message? A. The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message B. The value of a money order attached to the message C. A list of stations that have relayed the message D. A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed share/T/T9A040000664000175000017500000000054713467614244011242 0ustar jtnjtnT9A04 (A) What is a disadvantage of the "rubber duck" antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers when compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna? A. It does not transmit or receive as effectively B. It transmits only circularly polarized signals C. If the rubber end cap is lost, it will unravel very easily D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7A050000664000175000017500000000024513467613337011236 0ustar jtnjtnT7A05 (D) What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency? A. Reactance modulator B. Product detector C. Low-pass filter D. Oscillator share/T/T5D120000664000175000017500000000022313467613051011222 0ustar jtnjtnT5D12 (D) What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it? A. 8 volts B. 0.2 volts C. 12 volts D. 20 volts share/T/T1B090000664000175000017500000000054613467610665011242 0ustar jtnjtnT1B09 (D) [97.101(a), 97.301(a-e)] Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band? A. To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display B. So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge C. To allow for transmitter frequency drift D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6B010000664000175000017500000000023713467613135011227 0ustar jtnjtnT6B01 (D) What class of electronic components uses a voltage or current signal to control current flow? A. Capacitors B. Inductors C. Resistors D. Transistors share/T/T6D050000664000175000017500000000021213467613256011232 0ustar jtnjtnT6D05 (A) What type of circuit controls the amount of voltage from a power supply? A. Regulator B. Oscillator C. Filter D. Phase inverter share/T/T5C060000664000175000017500000000040213467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5C06 (A) What does the abbreviation "RF" refer to? A. Radio frequency signals of all types B. The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit C. The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency D. Reflective force in antenna transmission lines share/T/T8B050000664000175000017500000000040113467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT8B05 (D) What is a satellite beacon? A. The primary transmit antenna on the satellite B. An indicator light that shows where to point your antenna C. A reflective surface on the satellite D. A transmission from a satellite that contains status information share/T/T4B100000664000175000017500000000025713467612553011232 0ustar jtnjtnT4B10 (A) Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth for minimizing noise and interference for CW reception? A. 500 Hz B. 1000 Hz C. 2400 Hz D. 5000 Hz share/T/T4B130000664000175000017500000000045113467612570011230 0ustar jtnjtnT4B13 (C) Which of the following is a use for the scanning function of an FM transceiver? A. To check incoming signal deviation B. To prevent interference to nearby repeaters C. To scan through a range of frequencies to check for activity D. To check for messages left on a digital bulletin board share/T/T8A070000664000175000017500000000037213467613704011240 0ustar jtnjtnT8A07 (C) What is an advantage of single sideband (SSB) over FM for voice transmissions? A. SSB signals are easier to tune B. SSB signals are less susceptible to interference C. SSB signals have narrower bandwidth D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T2C060000664000175000017500000000065313467611757011243 0ustar jtnjtnT2C06 (C) Which of the following is an accepted practice to get the immediate attention of a net control station when reporting an emergency? A. Repeat "SOS" three times followed by the call sign of the reporting station B. Press the push-to-talk button three times C. Begin your transmission by saying "Priority" or "Emergency" followed by your call sign D. Play a pre-recorded emergency alert tone followed by your call sign share/T/T3A080000664000175000017500000000043613467612120011224 0ustar jtnjtnT3A08 (C) Which of the following is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals received by ionospheric reflection? A. Frequency shift due to Faraday rotation B. Interference from thunderstorms C. Random combining of signals arriving via different paths D. Intermodulation distortion share/T/T8C030000664000175000017500000000031013467614030011217 0ustar jtnjtnT8C03 (A) What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period? A. Contesting B. Net operations C. Public service events D. Simulated emergency exercises share/T/T4B110000664000175000017500000000040013467607670011225 0ustar jtnjtnT4B11 (A) What is the function of automatic gain control, or AGC? A. To keep received audio relatively constant B. To protect an antenna from lightning C. To eliminate RF on the station cabling D. An asymmetric goniometer control used for antenna matching share/T/T1B040000664000175000017500000000025213467610617011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1B04 (A) [97.301(a)] Which amateur band are you using when your station is transmitting on 146.52 MHz? A. 2 meter band B. 20 meter band C. 14 meter band D. 6 meter band share/T/T0C050000664000175000017500000000050013467610272011216 0ustar jtnjtnT0C05 (D) Why do exposure limits vary with frequency? A. Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields B. Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body C. Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature D. The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others share/T/T5B050000664000175000017500000000015713467607670011242 0ustar jtnjtnT5B05 (B) Which of the following is equal to 500 milliwatts? A. 0.02 watts B. 0.5 watts C. 5 watts D. 50 watts share/T/T0C070000664000175000017500000000043113467610305011220 0ustar jtnjtnT0C07 (B) What could happen if a person accidentally touched your antenna while you were transmitting? A. Touching the antenna could cause television interference B. They might receive a painful RF burn C. They might develop radiation poisoning D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T9B110000664000175000017500000000030713467614406011233 0ustar jtnjtnT9B11 (C) Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss at VHF and UHF? A. 50-ohm flexible coax B. Multi-conductor unbalanced cable C. Air-insulated hard line D. 75-ohm flexible coax share/T/T2A100000664000175000017500000000046313467611574011230 0ustar jtnjtnT2A10 (A) What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC? A. A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band B. A mandated list of operating schedules C. A list of scheduled net frequencies D. A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage share/T/T1D020000664000175000017500000000067313467611116011226 0ustar jtnjtnT1D02 (B) [97.113(b),97.111(b)] Under which of the following circumstances may an amateur radio station make one-way transmissions? A. Under no circumstances B. When transmitting code practice, information bulletins, or transmissions necessary to provide emergency communications C. At any time, as long as no music is transmitted D. At any time, as long as the material being transmitted did not originate from a commercial broadcast station share/T/T1A050000664000175000017500000000074113467610460011223 0ustar jtnjtnT1A05 (C) [97.7] What is proof of possession of an FCC-issued operator/primary license grant? A. A printed operator/primary station license issued by the FCC must be displayed at the transmitter site B. The control operator must have an operator/primary station license in his or her possession when in control of a transmitter C. The control operator's operator/primary station license must appear in the FCC ULS consolidated licensee database D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1F030000664000175000017500000000053113467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT1F03 (D) [97.119(a)] When is an amateur station required to transmit its assigned call sign? A. At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter B. At least once during each transmission C. At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication share/T/T1A060000664000175000017500000000067213467610474011234 0ustar jtnjtnT1A06 (C) [97.3(a)(9)] What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon? A. A government transmitter marking the amateur radio band edges B. A bulletin sent by the FCC to announce a national emergency C. An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities D. A continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather Service share/T/T4A090000664000175000017500000000031113467612460011225 0ustar jtnjtnT4A09 (D) Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable? A. Band-pass filter B. Low-pass filter C. Preamplifier D. Ferrite choke share/T/T3B010000664000175000017500000000022313467612204011213 0ustar jtnjtnT3B01 (C) What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one complete cycle? A. Wave speed B. Waveform C. Wavelength D. Wave spread share/T/T8B090000664000175000017500000000040513467607670011245 0ustar jtnjtnT8B09 (B) What causes spin fading of satellite signals? A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun B. Rotation of the satellite and its antennas C. Doppler shift of the received signal D. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band share/T/T0B010000664000175000017500000000044713467610103011214 0ustar jtnjtnT0B01 (C) When should members of a tower work team wear a hard hat and safety glasses? A. At all times except when climbing the tower B. At all times except when belted firmly to the tower C. At all times when any work is being done on the tower D. Only when the tower exceeds 30 feet in height share/T/T2A040000664000175000017500000000053713467611536011233 0ustar jtnjtnT2A04 (B) What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign? A. Say "break, break," then say the station's call sign B. Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign C. Say "CQ" three times, then the other station's call sign D. Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer it share/T/T5D010000664000175000017500000000045613467607670011242 0ustar jtnjtnT5D01 (B) What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit? A. Current (I) equals voltage (E) multiplied by resistance (R) B. Current (I) equals voltage (E) divided by resistance (R) C. Current (I) equals voltage (E) added to resistance (R) D. Current (I) equals voltage (E) minus resistance (R) share/T/T6C050000664000175000017500000000014213467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT6C05 (C) What is component 4 in figure T1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Battery D. Ground symbol share/T/T5A040000664000175000017500000000023013467607670011230 0ustar jtnjtnT5A04 (B) What is the name for a current that flows only in one direction? A. Alternating current B. Direct current C. Normal current D. Smooth current share/T/T6C010000664000175000017500000000024513467613177011235 0ustar jtnjtnT6C01 (C) What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols? A. Bill of materials B. Connector pinout C. Schematic D. Flow chart share/T/T6D040000664000175000017500000000020613467613252011230 0ustar jtnjtnT6D04 (C) Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value? A. Potentiometer B. Transistor C. Meter D. Relay share/T/T2C010000664000175000017500000000036713467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT2C01 (D) [97.103(a)] When do the FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station? A. When operating a RACES station B. When operating under special FEMA rules C. When operating under special ARES rules D. Never, FCC rules always apply share/T/T9B070000664000175000017500000000033713467607670011250 0ustar jtnjtnT9B07 (C) Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors? A. They are preferred for microwave operation B. They are watertight C. They are commonly used at HF frequencies D. They are a bayonet type connector share/T/T5A080000664000175000017500000000015313467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT5A08 (B) Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? A. Copper B. Glass C. Aluminum D. Mercury share/T/T0C120000664000175000017500000000044613467610345011226 0ustar jtnjtnT0C12 (A) How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)? A. RF radiation does not have sufficient energy to cause genetic damage B. RF radiation can only be detected with an RF dosimeter C. RF radiation is limited in range to a few feet D. RF radiation is perfectly safe share/T/T1B080000664000175000017500000000076413467610656011243 0ustar jtnjtnT1B08 (A) [97.303] Which of the following is a result of the fact that the Amateur Radio Service is secondary in all or portions of some amateur bands (such as portions of the 70 cm band)? A. U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those portions, and must avoid interfering with them B. U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those portions C. International communications are not permitted in those portions D. Digital transmissions are not permitted in those portions share/T/T6C130000664000175000017500000000032713467613234011233 0ustar jtnjtnT6C13 (C) Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics? A. Wire lengths B. Physical appearance of components C. The way components are interconnected D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T2B060000664000175000017500000000024513467611650011227 0ustar jtnjtnT2B06 (A) What type of tones are used to control repeaters linked by the Internet Relay Linking Project (IRLP) protocol? A. DTMF B. CTCSS C. EchoLink D. Sub-audible share/T/T5D140000664000175000017500000000034613467607670011244 0ustar jtnjtnT5D14 (A) What happens to current at the junction of two components in parallel? A. It divides between them dependent on the value of the components B. It is the same in both components C. Its value doubles D. Its value is halved share/T/T2B140000664000175000017500000000044513467611725011233 0ustar jtnjtnT2B14 (A) Which of the following describes a linked repeater network? A. A network of repeaters where signals received by one repeater are repeated by all the repeaters B. A repeater with more than one receiver C. Multiple repeaters with the same owner D. A system of repeaters linked by APRS share/T/T4B040000664000175000017500000000036113467612517011231 0ustar jtnjtnT4B04 (B) What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency on your transceiver? A. Enable the CTCSS tones B. Store the frequency in a memory channel C. Disable the CTCSS tones D. Use the scan mode to select the desired frequency share/T/T6D120000664000175000017500000000044113467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT6D12 (C) Which of the following is a common reason to use shielded wire? A. To decrease the resistance of DC power connections B. To increase the current carrying capability of the wire C. To prevent coupling of unwanted signals to or from the wire D. To couple the wire to other signals share/T/T7D080000664000175000017500000000024413467613626011244 0ustar jtnjtnT7D08 (C) Which of the following types of solder is best for radio and electronic use? A. Acid-core solder B. Silver solder C. Rosin-core solder D. Aluminum solder share/T/T1A040000664000175000017500000000041613467610437011225 0ustar jtnjtnT1A04 (A) [97.5(b)(1)] How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person? A. One B. No more than two C. One for each band on which the person plans to operate D. One for each permanent station location from which the person plans to operate share/T/T2A090000664000175000017500000000042513467611567011240 0ustar jtnjtnT2A09 (B) What brief statement indicates that you are listening on a repeater and looking for a contact? A. The words "Hello test" followed by your call sign B. Your call sign C. The repeater call sign followed by your call sign D. The letters "QSY" followed by your call sign share/T/T5B010000664000175000017500000000020313467607670011226 0ustar jtnjtnT5B01 (C) How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes? A. 15 milliamperes B. 150 milliamperes C. 1500 milliamperes D. 15,000 milliamperes share/T/T8D060000664000175000017500000000021313467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT8D06 (B) What does the abbreviation "PSK" mean? A. Pulse Shift Keying B. Phase Shift Keying C. Packet Short Keying D. Phased Slide Keying share/T/T7D090000664000175000017500000000025013467607670011244 0ustar jtnjtnT7D09 (C) What is the characteristic appearance of a cold solder joint? A. Dark black spots B. A bright or shiny surface C. A grainy or dull surface D. A greenish tint share/T/T5B130000664000175000017500000000022313467612724011227 0ustar jtnjtnT5B13 (C) If a frequency display shows a reading of 2425 MHz, what frequency is that in GHz? A. 0.002425 GHz B. 24.25 GHz C. 2.425 GHz D. 2425 GHz share/T/T6D090000664000175000017500000000027213467613275011245 0ustar jtnjtnT6D09 (C) What is the name of a device that combines several semiconductors and other components into one package? A. Transducer B. Multi-pole relay C. Integrated circuit D. Transformer share/T/T6A110000664000175000017500000000020113467607670011225 0ustar jtnjtnT6A11 (B) Which of the following battery types is not rechargeable? A. Nickel-cadmium B. Carbon-zinc C. Lead-acid D. Lithium-ion share/T/T7C030000664000175000017500000000043713467607670011244 0ustar jtnjtnT7C03 (A) What, in general terms, is standing wave ratio (SWR)? A. A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission line B. The ratio of high to low impedance in a feed line C. The transmitter efficiency ratio D. An indication of the quality of your station's ground connection share/T/T1C070000664000175000017500000000056513467611011011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1C07 (B) [97.23] What may result when correspondence from the FCC is returned as undeliverable because the grantee failed to provide and maintain a correct mailing address with the FCC? A. Fine or imprisonment B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license C. Require the licensee to be re-examined D. A reduction of one rank in operator class share/T/T8D030000664000175000017500000000045513467614122011234 0ustar jtnjtnT8D03 (D) Which of the following devices is used to provide data to the transmitter when sending automatic position reports from a mobile amateur radio station? A. The vehicle speedometer B. A WWV receiver C. A connection to a broadcast FM sub-carrier receiver D. A Global Positioning System receiver share/T/T6B040000664000175000017500000000024013467613147011227 0ustar jtnjtnT6B04 (B) Which of the following components can consist of three layers of semiconductor material? A. Alternator B. Transistor C. Triode D. Pentagrid converter share/T/T1D110000664000175000017500000000047413467611254011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1D11 (D) [97.119(a)] When may an amateur station transmit without on-the-air identification? A. When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments B. When the transmissions are unmodulated C. When the transmitted power level is below 1 watt D. When transmitting signals to control model craft share/T/T1C100000664000175000017500000000056213467611035011221 0ustar jtnjtnT1C10 (C) [97.5a] How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you operate a transmitter on an Amateur Radio Service frequency? A. Immediately B. 30 days after the test date C. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC's license database D. You must wait until you receive your license in the mail from the FCC share/T/T1A100000664000175000017500000000074213467610550011220 0ustar jtnjtnT1A10 (D) [97.3(a)(38), 97.407] Which of the following describes the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)? A. A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications B. A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications C. An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6C040000664000175000017500000000013713467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT6C04 (C) What is component 3 in figure T1? A. Resistor B. Transistor C. Lamp D. Ground symbol share/T/T1A020000664000175000017500000000027713467610412011221 0ustar jtnjtnT1A02 (C) [97.1] Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States? A. FEMA B. Homeland Security C. The FCC D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1F040000664000175000017500000000043613467611423011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1F04 (C) [97.119(b)(2)] Which of the following is an acceptable language to use for station identification when operating in a phone sub-band? A. Any language recognized by the United Nations B. Any language recognized by the ITU C. The English language D. English, French, or Spanish share/T/T1B030000664000175000017500000000020013467607670011221 0ustar jtnjtnT1B03 (B) [97.301(a)] Which frequency is within the 6 meter amateur band? A. 49.00 MHz B. 52.525 MHz C. 28.50 MHz D. 222.15 MHz share/T/T7B110000664000175000017500000000044313467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7B11 (C) What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver? A. Excessive SWR at the antenna connection B. The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency C. Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible voice transmissions D. Frequent blowing of power supply fuses share/T/T7A010000664000175000017500000000024513467613316011227 0ustar jtnjtnT7A01 (B) Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal? A. Linearity B. Sensitivity C. Selectivity D. Total Harmonic Distortion share/T/T6A030000664000175000017500000000020313467607670011230 0ustar jtnjtnT6A03 (B) What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer? A. Inductance B. Resistance C. Capacitance D. Field strength share/T/T9A090000664000175000017500000000017313467614276011247 0ustar jtnjtnT9A09 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna? A. 6 B. 50 C. 112 D. 236 share/T/T8B030000664000175000017500000000056113467613745011242 0ustar jtnjtnT8B03 (D) Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs? A. Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over the earth B. The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass C. The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T2A020000664000175000017500000000023413467611526011222 0ustar jtnjtnT2A02 (A) What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band? A. 146.520 MHz B. 145.000 MHz C. 432.100 MHz D. 446.000 MHz share/T/T1A030000664000175000017500000000045113467610417011221 0ustar jtnjtnT1A03 (D) [97.119(b)(2)] What are the FCC rules regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service? A. It is required when transmitting emergency messages B. It is prohibited C. It is required when in contact with foreign stations D. It is encouraged share/T/T2A050000664000175000017500000000046613467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT2A05 (C) How should you respond to a station calling CQ? A. Transmit "CQ" followed by the other station's call sign B. Transmit your call sign followed by the other station's call sign C. Transmit the other station's call sign followed by your call sign D. Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign share/T/T6C070000664000175000017500000000015413467607670011243 0ustar jtnjtnT6C07 (D) What is component 8 in figure T2? A. Resistor B. Inductor C. Regulator IC D. Light emitting diode share/T/T3B040000664000175000017500000000033513467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT3B04 (A) How fast does a radio wave travel through free space? A. At the speed of light B. At the speed of sound C. Its speed is inversely proportional to its wavelength D. Its speed increases as the frequency increases share/T/T8D080000664000175000017500000000044513467614156011247 0ustar jtnjtnT8D08 (D) Which of the following may be included in packet transmissions? A. A check sum that permits error detection B. A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent C. Automatic repeat request in case of error D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T8C100000664000175000017500000000051713467614103011227 0ustar jtnjtnT8C10 (D) What must be done before you may use the EchoLink system to communicate using a repeater? A. You must complete the required EchoLink training B. You must have purchased a license to use the EchoLink software C. You must be sponsored by a current EchoLink user D. You must register your call sign and provide proof of license share/T/T9A030000664000175000017500000000033113467614237011232 0ustar jtnjtnT9A03 (B) Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to the Earth's surface? A. A ground-wave antenna B. A horizontally polarized antenna C. A rhombic antenna D. A vertically polarized antenna share/T/T0B130000664000175000017500000000041013467610236011214 0ustar jtnjtnT0B13 (B) What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines? A. Secure the guy if the turnbuckle breaks B. Prevent loosening of the guy line from vibration C. Prevent theft or vandalism D. Deter unauthorized climbing of the tower share/T/T0B060000664000175000017500000000052313467610150011216 0ustar jtnjtnT0B06 (D) What is the minimum safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna? A. Half the width of your property B. The height of the power line above ground C. 1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency D. Enough so that if the antenna falls unexpectedly, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires share/T/T6C060000664000175000017500000000014313467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT6C06 (B) What is component 6 in figure T2? A. Resistor B. Capacitor C. Regulator IC D. Transistor share/T/T7B030000664000175000017500000000025013467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT7B03 (D) Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference? A. Fundamental overload B. Harmonics C. Spurious emissions D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1A090000664000175000017500000000055213467610530011225 0ustar jtnjtnT1A09 (C) [97.3(a)(22)] Who selects a Frequency Coordinator? A. The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy B. The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations D. FCC Regional Field Office share/T/T0C030000664000175000017500000000041513467610255011222 0ustar jtnjtnT0C03 (C) What is the maximum power level that an amateur radio station may use at VHF frequencies before an RF exposure evaluation is required? A. 1500 watts PEP transmitter output B. 1 watt forward power C. 50 watts PEP at the antenna D. 50 watts PEP reflected power share/T/T8B100000664000175000017500000000042513467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT8B10 (C) What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite? A. The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation mode B. The satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuver C. The satellite is in a Low Earth Orbit D. The satellite uses Light Emitting Optics share/T/T5A070000664000175000017500000000014613467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT5A07 (C) Which of the following is a good electrical conductor? A. Glass B. Wood C. Copper D. Rubber share/T/T7A030000664000175000017500000000022613467613326011231 0ustar jtnjtnT7A03 (B) Which of the following is used to convert a radio signal from one frequency to another? A. Phase splitter B. Mixer C. Inverter D. Amplifier share/T/T2C030000664000175000017500000000046113467611736011232 0ustar jtnjtnT2C03 (C) What should be done when using voice modes to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly? A. Send the words by voice and Morse code B. Speak very loudly into the microphone C. Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7B100000664000175000017500000000042713467613506011233 0ustar jtnjtnT7B10 (D) What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through the repeater is distorted or unintelligible? A. Your transmitter is slightly off frequency B. Your batteries are running low C. You are in a bad location D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6D080000664000175000017500000000022013467613272011232 0ustar jtnjtnT6D08 (D) Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a tuned circuit? A. Resistor B. Zener diode C. Potentiometer D. Capacitor share/T/T8D090000664000175000017500000000022213467607670011244 0ustar jtnjtnT8D09 (C) What code is used when sending CW in the amateur bands? A. Baudot B. Hamming C. International Morse D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7B060000664000175000017500000000120713467613447011241 0ustar jtnjtnT7B06 (A) Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station's transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception? A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance C. Tell them that your license gives you the right to transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the interference D. Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated share/T/T9B060000664000175000017500000000030113467614366011236 0ustar jtnjtnT9B06 (B) Which of the following connectors is most suitable for frequencies above 400 MHz? A. A UHF (PL-259/SO-239) connector B. A Type N connector C. An RS-213 connector D. A DB-25 connector share/T/T3B100000664000175000017500000000017313467607670011232 0ustar jtnjtnT3B10 (C) What frequency range is referred to as HF? A. 300 to 3000 MHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 3 to 30 MHz D. 300 to 3000 kHz share/T/T6B050000664000175000017500000000023713467607670011242 0ustar jtnjtnT6B05 (A) Which of the following electronic components can amplify signals? A. Transistor B. Variable resistor C. Electrolytic capacitor D. Multi-cell battery share/T/T6A020000664000175000017500000000022413467607670011232 0ustar jtnjtnT6A02 (C) What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control? A. Fixed resistor B. Power resistor C. Potentiometer D. Transformer share/T/T5D030000664000175000017500000000046113467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT5D03 (B) What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit? A. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) B. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) C. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) added to current (I) D. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) minus current (I) share/T/T1F090000664000175000017500000000035713467611474011245 0ustar jtnjtnT1F09 (C) [97.3(a)(40)] What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels? A. Beacon station B. Earth station C. Repeater station D. Message forwarding station share/T/T1E030000664000175000017500000000022213467607670011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1E03 (A) [97.103(b)] Who must designate the station control operator? A. The station licensee B. The FCC C. The frequency coordinator D. The ITU share/T/T2C120000664000175000017500000000111513467612051011216 0ustar jtnjtnT2C12 (A) What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)? A. Licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service B. Licensed amateurs who are members of the military and who voluntarily agreed to provide message handling services in the case of an emergency C. A training program that provides licensing courses for those interested in obtaining an amateur license to use during emergencies D. A training program that certifies amateur operators for membership in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service share/T/T6A040000664000175000017500000000016613467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT6A04 (B) What electrical component stores energy in an electric field? A. Resistor B. Capacitor C. Inductor D. Diode share/T/T8D140000664000175000017500000000042613467607670011246 0ustar jtnjtnT8D14 (C) What is an electronic keyer? A. A device for switching antennas from transmit to receive B. A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit C. A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code D. An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio share/T/T7D060000664000175000017500000000042513467607670011245 0ustar jtnjtnT7D06 (C) Which of the following might damage a multimeter? A. Measuring a voltage too small for the chosen scale B. Leaving the meter in the milliamps position overnight C. Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting D. Not allowing it to warm up properly share/T/T7C090000664000175000017500000000026313467613556011247 0ustar jtnjtnT7C09 (A) Which of the following is the most common cause for failure of coaxial cables? A. Moisture contamination B. Gamma rays C. The velocity factor exceeds 1.0 D. Overloading share/T/T5A050000664000175000017500000000023313467612606011227 0ustar jtnjtnT5A05 (A) What is the electrical term for the electromotive force (EMF) that causes electron flow? A. Voltage B. Ampere-hours C. Capacitance D. Inductance share/T/T1C040000664000175000017500000000055213467610756011234 0ustar jtnjtnT1C04 (A) [97.107] When are you allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country? A. When the foreign country authorizes it B. When there is a mutual agreement allowing third party communications C. When authorization permits amateur communications in a foreign language D. When you are communicating with non-licensed individuals in another country share/T/T2A120000664000175000017500000000043113467611606011221 0ustar jtnjtnT2A12 (D) Which of the following is a guideline when choosing an operating frequency for calling CQ? A. Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency B. Ask if the frequency is in use C. Make sure you are in your assigned band D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T9B010000664000175000017500000000031713467607670011240 0ustar jtnjtnT9B01 (B) Why is it important to have low SWR when using coaxial cable feed line? A. To reduce television interference B. To reduce signal loss C. To prolong antenna life D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T9B040000664000175000017500000000055113467614347011242 0ustar jtnjtnT9B04 (A) What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)? A. It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver's output impedance B. It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations C. It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive D. It automatically selects the proper antenna for the frequency band being used share/T/T1E110000664000175000017500000000043713467611367011235 0ustar jtnjtnT1E11 (D) [97.103(a)] Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records? A. The station custodian B. The third-party participant C. The person operating the station equipment D. The station licensee share/T/T0C020000664000175000017500000000022613467610246011221 0ustar jtnjtnT0C02 (B) Which of the following frequencies has the lowest value for Maximum Permissible Exposure limit? A. 3.5 MHz B. 50 MHz C. 440 MHz D. 1296 MHz share/T/T1C110000664000175000017500000000062413467611045011222 0ustar jtnjtnT1C11 (A) [97.21(b)] If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to operate a transmitter on Amateur Radio Service frequencies? A. No, transmitting is not allowed until the FCC license database shows that the license has been renewed B. Yes, but only if you identify using the suffix GP C. Yes, but only during authorized nets D. Yes, for up to two years share/T/T8A020000664000175000017500000000016613467613663011240 0ustar jtnjtnT8A02 (A) What type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions? A. FM B. SSB C. AM D. PSK share/T/T5C110000664000175000017500000000026113467612766011236 0ustar jtnjtnT5C11 (B) How many amperes are flowing in a circuit when the applied voltage is 12 volts DC and the load is 120 watts? A. 0.1 amperes B. 10 amperes C. 12 amperes D. 132 amperes share/T/T8C070000664000175000017500000000075113467614060011237 0ustar jtnjtnT8C07 (D) What is meant by Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as used in amateur radio? A. A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the internet to another station B. A set of guidelines for contacting DX stations during contests using internet access C. A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the internet D. A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques share/T/T6A010000664000175000017500000000020513467607670011230 0ustar jtnjtnT6A01 (B) What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit? A. Inductor B. Resistor C. Voltmeter D. Transformer share/T/T4A060000664000175000017500000000044313467612436011233 0ustar jtnjtnT4A06 (C) Which of the following connections might be used between a voice transceiver and a computer for digital operation? A. Receive and transmit mode, status, and location B. Antenna and RF power C. Receive audio, transmit audio, and push-to-talk (PTT) D. NMEA GPS location and DC power share/T/T4A110000664000175000017500000000040313467612474011225 0ustar jtnjtnT4A11 (A) Where should the negative return connection of a mobile transceiver's power cable be connected? A. At the battery or engine block ground strap B. At the antenna mount C. To any metal part of the vehicle D. Through the transceiver's mounting bracket share/T/T3A100000664000175000017500000000057413467612161011225 0ustar jtnjtnT3A10 (D) What may occur if data signals arrive via multiple paths? A. Transmission rates can be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed B. Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed C. No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM D. Error rates are likely to increase share/T/T5D130000664000175000017500000000035613467607670011244 0ustar jtnjtnT5D13 (B) What happens to current at the junction of two components in series? A. It divides equally between them B. It is unchanged C. It divides based on the on the value of the components D. The current in the second component is zero share/T/T4B030000664000175000017500000000040513467607670011233 0ustar jtnjtnT4B03 (D) What is the purpose of the squelch control on a transceiver? A. To set the highest level of volume desired B. To set the transmitter power level C. To adjust the automatic gain control D. To mute receiver output noise when no signal is being received share/T/T8A030000664000175000017500000000022313467613667011237 0ustar jtnjtnT8A03 (C) Which type of voice mode is most often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands? A. FM B. DRM C. SSB D. PM share/T/T8D010000664000175000017500000000021613467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT8D01 (D) Which of the following is a digital communications mode? A. Packet radio B. IEEE 802.11 C. JT65 D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T2B080000664000175000017500000000065413467611666011244 0ustar jtnjtnT2B08 (A) Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other? A. Common courtesy should prevail, but no one has absolute right to an amateur frequency B. Whoever has the strongest signal has priority on the frequency C. Whoever has been on the frequency the longest has priority on the frequency D. The station that has the weakest signal has priority on the frequency share/T/T8C080000664000175000017500000000065213467614072011243 0ustar jtnjtnT8C08 (A) What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)? A. A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) B. A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio C. A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations D. A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the internet share/T/T9B090000664000175000017500000000037413467607670011253 0ustar jtnjtnT9B09 (B) What can cause erratic changes in SWR readings? A. The transmitter is being modulated B. A loose connection in an antenna or a feed line C. The transmitter is being over-modulated D. Interference from other stations is distorting your signal share/T/T1B110000664000175000017500000000030213467610703011212 0ustar jtnjtnT1B11 (A) [97.313] What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using their assigned portions of the HF bands? A. 200 watts B. 100 watts C. 50 watts D. 10 watts share/T/T1B020000664000175000017500000000065713467610606011231 0ustar jtnjtnT1B02 (B) [97.301, 97.207(c)] Which amateur radio stations may make contact with an amateur radio station on the International Space Station (ISS) using 2 meter and 70 cm band frequencies? A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities B. Any amateur holding a Technician or higher-class license C. Only the astronaut's family members who are hams D. Contacts with the ISS are not permitted on amateur radio frequencies share/T/T7A070000664000175000017500000000046613467613353011243 0ustar jtnjtnT7A07 (D) What is meant by "PTT"? A. Pre-transmission tuning to reduce transmitter harmonic emission B. Precise tone transmissions used to limit repeater access to only certain signals C. A primary transformer tuner use to match antennas D. The push-to-talk function that switches between receive and transmit share/T/T8D120000664000175000017500000000064513467614205011237 0ustar jtnjtnT8D12 (A) Which of the following best describes Broadband-Hamnet(TM), also referred to as a high-speed multi-media network? A. An amateur-radio-based data network using commercial Wi-Fi gear with modified firmware B. A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DRM protocols C. A satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware D. An internet linking protocol used to network repeaters share/T/T5A130000664000175000017500000000017313467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT5A13 (A) In which type of circuit is current the same through all components? A. Series B. Parallel C. Resonant D. Branch share/T/T3A130000664000175000017500000000024113467607670011230 0ustar jtnjtnT3A13 (C) What weather condition would decrease range at microwave frequencies? A. High winds B. Low barometric pressure C. Precipitation D. Colder temperatures share/T/T8B020000664000175000017500000000044213467613734011235 0ustar jtnjtnT8B02 (B) What is the impact of using too much effective radiated power on a satellite uplink? A. Possibility of commanding the satellite to an improper mode B. Blocking access by other users C. Overloading the satellite batteries D. Possibility of rebooting the satellite control computer share/T/T8B060000664000175000017500000000033213467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT8B06 (B) Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program? A. The weight of the satellite B. The Keplerian elements C. The last observed time of zero Doppler shift D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5D090000664000175000017500000000022213467613035011231 0ustar jtnjtnT5D09 (C) What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? A. 24,000 amperes B. 0.1 amperes C. 10 amperes D. 216 amperes share/T/T4B120000664000175000017500000000025513467612564011234 0ustar jtnjtnT4B12 (B) Which of the following could be used to remove power line noise or ignition noise? A. Squelch B. Noise blanker C. Notch filter D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T6D070000664000175000017500000000017413467607670011246 0ustar jtnjtnT6D07 (A) Which of the following is commonly used as a visual indicator? A. LED B. FET C. Zener diode D. Bipolar transistor share/T/T2A010000664000175000017500000000027413467611520011217 0ustar jtnjtnT2A01 (B) Which of the following is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? A. Plus or minus 5 MHz B. Plus or minus 600 kHz C. Plus or minus 500 kHz D. Plus or minus 1 MHz share/T/T4A070000664000175000017500000000056513467612447011243 0ustar jtnjtnT4A07 (C) How is a computer's sound card used when conducting digital communications? A. The sound card communicates between the computer CPU and the video display B. The sound card records the audio frequency for video display C. The sound card provides audio to the radio's microphone input and converts received audio to digital form D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0B110000664000175000017500000000033013467610214011207 0ustar jtnjtnT0B11 (B) Which of the following establishes grounding requirements for an amateur radio tower or antenna? A. FCC Part 97 Rules B. Local electrical codes C. FAA tower lighting regulations D. UL recommended practices share/T/T5A090000664000175000017500000000024613467612623011236 0ustar jtnjtnT5A09 (A) What is the name for a current that reverses direction on a regular basis? A. Alternating current B. Direct current C. Circular current D. Vertical current share/T/T7C010000664000175000017500000000041113467607670011232 0ustar jtnjtnT7C01 (A) What is the primary purpose of a dummy load? A. To prevent transmitting signals over the air when making tests B. To prevent over-modulation of a transmitter C. To improve the efficiency of an antenna D. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver share/T/T1D100000664000175000017500000000047013467611246011224 0ustar jtnjtnT1D10 (D) [97.3(a)(10)] What is the meaning of the term broadcasting in the FCC rules for the Amateur Radio Service? A. Two-way transmissions by amateur stations B. Transmission of music C. Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public share/T/T7D040000664000175000017500000000017313467607670011243 0ustar jtnjtnT7D04 (D) Which instrument is used to measure electric current? A. An ohmmeter B. A wavemeter C. A voltmeter D. An ammeter share/T/T5D100000664000175000017500000000022613467613041011222 0ustar jtnjtnT5D10 (A) What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it? A. 1 volt B. 0.25 volts C. 2.5 volts D. 1.5 volts share/T/T0A060000664000175000017500000000046213467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT0A06 (D) What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station? A. Use three-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment B. Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common safety ground C. Use a circuit protected by a ground-fault interrupter D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T1E010000664000175000017500000000047513467611263011231 0ustar jtnjtnT1E01 (D) [97.7(a)] When is an amateur station permitted to transmit without a control operator? A. When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater B. When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station C. When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station D. Never share/T/T5B080000664000175000017500000000023013467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT5B08 (B) How many microfarads are equal to 1,000,000 picofarads? A. 0.001 microfarads B. 1 microfarad C. 1000 microfarads D. 1,000,000,000 microfarads share/T/T3B070000664000175000017500000000037713467612233011235 0ustar jtnjtnT3B07 (A) What property of radio waves is often used to identify the different frequency bands? A. The approximate wavelength B. The magnetic intensity of waves C. The time it takes for waves to travel one mile D. The voltage standing wave ratio of waves share/T/T1E100000664000175000017500000000041213467611362011220 0ustar jtnjtnT1E10 (B) [97.3(a)(39)] Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97? A. Repeater operation B. Operating the station over the internet C. Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7B090000664000175000017500000000064313467613501011236 0ustar jtnjtnT7B09 (A) What is a Part 15 device? A. An unlicensed device that may emit low-powered radio signals on frequencies used by a licensed service B. An amplifier that has been type-certified for amateur radio C. A device for long-distance communications using special codes sanctioned by the International Amateur Radio Union D. A type of test set used to determine whether a transmitter complies with FCC regulation 91.15 share/T/T2C100000664000175000017500000000040613467612015011216 0ustar jtnjtnT2C10 (D) What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message? A. The email address of the originating station B. The address of the intended recipient C. The telephone number of the addressee D. The information needed to track the message share/T/T0C110000664000175000017500000000060413467610341011215 0ustar jtnjtnT0C11 (C) What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure? A. The difference between the lowest power output and the highest power output of a transmitter B. The difference between the PEP and average power output of a transmitter C. The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting D. The percentage of time that a transmitter is not transmitting share/T/T7B080000664000175000017500000000062613467613470011243 0ustar jtnjtnT7B08 (D) What should you do if something in a neighbor's home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station? A. Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device B. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that prohibit the use of devices that cause interference C. Check your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practice D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T3B090000664000175000017500000000020513467607670011236 0ustar jtnjtnT3B09 (D) What are the frequency limits of the UHF spectrum? A. 30 to 300 kHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 300 to 3000 kHz D. 300 to 3000 MHz share/T/T2B030000664000175000017500000000046713467611631011231 0ustar jtnjtnT2B03 (B) If a station is not strong enough to keep a repeater's receiver squelch open, which of the following might allow you to receive the station's signal? A. Open the squelch on your radio B. Listen on the repeater input frequency C. Listen on the repeater output frequency D. Increase your transmit power share/T/T8B080000664000175000017500000000056413467613775011255 0ustar jtnjtnT8B08 (B) What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in mode U/V? A. The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band B. The satellite uplink is in the 70 centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band C. The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies D. The satellite frequencies are usually variable share/T/T7B010000664000175000017500000000036213467613400011222 0ustar jtnjtnT7B01 (D) What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over-deviating? A. Talk louder into the microphone B. Let the transceiver cool off C. Change to a higher power level D. Talk farther away from the microphone share/T/T8A010000664000175000017500000000022613467607670011235 0ustar jtnjtnT8A01 (C) Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation? A. Spread spectrum B. Packet radio C. Single sideband D. Phase shift keying (PSK) share/T/T1D030000664000175000017500000000046513467611142011225 0ustar jtnjtnT1D03 (C) [97.211(b), 97.215(b), 97.114(a)(4)] When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to hide their meaning? A. Only during contests B. Only when operating mobile C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft D. Only when frequencies above 1280 MHz are used share/T/T3B050000664000175000017500000000046413467607670011241 0ustar jtnjtnT3B05 (B) How does the wavelength of a radio wave relate to its frequency? A. The wavelength gets longer as the frequency increases B. The wavelength gets shorter as the frequency increases C. There is no relationship between wavelength and frequency D. The wavelength depends on the bandwidth of the signal share/T/T2C050000664000175000017500000000040513467607670011234 0ustar jtnjtnT2C05 (A) What does the term "traffic" refer to in net operation? A. Formal messages exchanged by net stations B. The number of stations checking in and out of a net C. Operation by mobile or portable stations D. Requests to activate the net by a served agency share/T/T4B010000664000175000017500000000034613467612500011221 0ustar jtnjtnT4B01 (B) What may happen if a transmitter is operated with the microphone gain set too high? A. The output power might be too high B. The output signal might become distorted C. The frequency might vary D. The SWR might increase share/T/T6A090000664000175000017500000000025513467613123011233 0ustar jtnjtnT6A09 (A) What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads? A. Fuse B. Capacitor C. Inductor D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T0A040000664000175000017500000000036013467607670011227 0ustar jtnjtnT0A04 (B) What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit? A. To prevent power supply ripple from damaging a circuit B. To interrupt power in case of overload C. To limit current to prevent shocks D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7C110000664000175000017500000000045013467613571011233 0ustar jtnjtnT7C11 (C) What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to foam or solid dielectric types? A. It has more loss per foot B. It cannot be used for VHF or UHF antennas C. It requires special techniques to prevent water absorption D. It cannot be used at below freezing temperatures share/T/T8D070000664000175000017500000000074213467614151011241 0ustar jtnjtnT8D07 (A) Which of the following best describes DMR (Digital Mobile Radio)? A. A technique for time-multiplexing two digital voice signals on a single 12.5 kHz repeater channel B. An automatic position tracking mode for FM mobiles communicating through repeaters C. An automatic computer logging technique for hands-off logging when communicating while operating a vehicle D. A digital technique for transmitting on two repeater inputs simultaneously for automatic error correction share/T/T4A030000664000175000017500000000044713467612414011230 0ustar jtnjtnT4A03 (A) Why should wiring between the power source and radio be heavy-gauge wire and kept as short as possible? A. To avoid voltage falling below that needed for proper operation B. To provide a good counterpoise for the antenna C. To avoid RF interference D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T5D050000664000175000017500000000025513467613014011230 0ustar jtnjtnT5D05 (C) What is the resistance in a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes? A. 18 ohms B. 0.125 ohms C. 8 ohms D. 13.5 ohms share/T/T2B020000664000175000017500000000027313467611624011225 0ustar jtnjtnT2B02 (D) What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver? A. Carrier squelch B. Tone burst C. DTMF D. CTCSS share/T/T5C090000664000175000017500000000026213467612754011243 0ustar jtnjtnT5C09 (A) How much power is being used in a circuit when the applied voltage is 13.8 volts DC and the current is 10 amperes? A. 138 watts B. 0.7 watts C. 23.8 watts D. 3.8 watts share/T/T2B100000664000175000017500000000017013467611703011216 0ustar jtnjtnT2B10 (A) Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations? A. QRM B. QRN C. QTH D. QSB share/T/T4B020000664000175000017500000000034513467612505011226 0ustar jtnjtnT4B02 (A) Which of the following can be used to enter the operating frequency on a modern transceiver? A. The keypad or VFO knob B. The CTCSS or DTMF encoder C. The Automatic Frequency Control D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T4A080000664000175000017500000000026413467612454011236 0ustar jtnjtnT4A08 (D) Which of the following conductors provides the lowest impedance to RF signals? A. Round stranded wire B. Round copper-clad steel wire C. Twisted-pair cable D. Flat strap share/T/T8C020000664000175000017500000000030013467607670011231 0ustar jtnjtnT8C02 (B) Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt? A. Calibrated SWR meter B. A directional antenna C. A calibrated noise bridge D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T7D030000664000175000017500000000026713467607670011246 0ustar jtnjtnT7D03 (A) How is a simple ammeter connected to a circuit? A. In series with the circuit B. In parallel with the circuit C. In quadrature with the circuit D. In phase with the circuit share/T/T7A100000664000175000017500000000027413467607670011237 0ustar jtnjtnT7A10 (B) What device increases the low-power output from a handheld transceiver? A. A voltage divider B. An RF power amplifier C. An impedance network D. All of these choices are correct share/T/T2C040000664000175000017500000000047613467611744011240 0ustar jtnjtnT2C04 (D) What do RACES and ARES have in common? A. They represent the two largest ham clubs in the United States B. Both organizations broadcast road and weather information C. Neither may handle emergency traffic supporting public service agencies D. Both organizations may provide communications during emergencies share/T/T4A040000664000175000017500000000031013467612420011213 0ustar jtnjtnT4A04 (C) Which computer sound card port is connected to a transceiver's headphone or speaker output for operating digital modes? A. Headphone output B. Mute C. Microphone or line input D. PCI or SDI share/T/T6B020000664000175000017500000000020113467607670011226 0ustar jtnjtnT6B02 (C) What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction? A. Resistor B. Fuse C. Diode D. Driven element share/T/T1A110000664000175000017500000000047213467610566011230 0ustar jtnjtnT1A11 (B) [97.101 (d)] When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted? A. To stop another amateur station which is breaking the FCC rules B. At no time C. When making short test transmissions D. At any time, stations in the Amateur Radio Service are not protected from willful interference share/T/T1F080000664000175000017500000000075313467611463011242 0ustar jtnjtnT1F08 (A) [97.3(a)(47)] What is meant by the term Third Party Communications? A. A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person B. Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another C. Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator D. Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments share/T/T0C010000664000175000017500000000022613467607670011227 0ustar jtnjtnT0C01 (D) What type of radiation are VHF and UHF radio signals? A. Gamma radiation B. Ionizing radiation C. Alpha radiation D. Non-ionizing radiation share/E/0000775000175000017500000000000013467615214010527 5ustar jtnjtnshare/E/E9B110000664000175000017500000000056412644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9B11 (C) What is a disadvantage of decreasing the number of wire segments in an antenna model below the guideline of 10 segments per half-wavelength? A. Ground conductivity will not be accurately modeled B. The resulting design will favor radiation of harmonic energy C. The computed feed point impedance may be incorrect D. The antenna will become mechanically unstable share/E/E7B110000664000175000017500000000017212644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE7B11 (D) In Figure E7-1, what is the purpose of R3? A. Fixed bias B. Emitter bypass C. Output load resistor D. Self bias share/E/E5C010000664000175000017500000000017012644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE5C01 (A) Which of the following represents a capacitive reactance in rectangular notation? A. -jX B. +jX C. X D. Omega share/E/E4B090000664000175000017500000000061612644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE4B09 (D) What is indicated if the current reading on an RF ammeter placed in series with the antenna feed line of a transmitter increases as the transmitter is tuned to resonance? A. There is possibly a short to ground in the feed line B. The transmitter is not properly neutralized C. There is an impedance mismatch between the antenna and feed line D. There is more power going into the antenna share/E/E6D120000664000175000017500000000046112644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6D12 (C) What is the definition of saturation in a ferrite core inductor? A. The inductor windings are over coupled B. The inductor's voltage rating is exceeded causing a flashover C. The ability of the inductor's core to store magnetic energy has been exceeded D. Adjacent inductors become over-coupled share/E/E8B100000664000175000017500000000064412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE8B10 (B) What describes frequency division multiplexing? A. The transmitted signal jumps from band to band at a predetermined rate B. Two or more information streams are merged into a baseband, which then modulates the transmitter C. The transmitted signal is divided into packets of information D. Two or more information streams are merged into a digital combiner, which then pulse position modulates the transmitter share/E/E1B070000664000175000017500000000024712644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE1B07 (B) [97.307] What is the highest modulation index permitted at the highest modulation frequency for angle modulation below 29.0 MHz? A. 0.5 B. 1.0 C. 2.0 D. 3.0 share/E/E2C060000664000175000017500000000066412644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE2C06 (C) During a VHF/UHF contest, in which band segment would you expect to find the highest level of activity? A. At the top of each band, usually in a segment reserved for contests B. In the middle of each band, usually on the national calling frequency C. In the weak signal segment of the band, with most of the activity near the calling frequency D. In the middle of the band, usually 25 kHz above the national calling frequency share/E/E1A140000664000175000017500000000017412644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1A14 (D) [97.303] What is the maximum bandwidth for a data emission on 60 meters? A. 60 Hz B. 170 Hz C. 1.5 kHz D. 2.8 kHz share/E/E6D080000664000175000017500000000062712644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE6D08 (B) What is one reason for using powdered-iron cores rather than ferrite cores in an inductor? A. Powdered-iron cores generally have greater initial permeability B. Powdered-iron cores generally maintain their characteristics at higher currents C. Powdered-iron cores generally require fewer turns to produce a given inductance D. Powdered-iron cores use smaller diameter wire for the same inductance share/E/E2E010000664000175000017500000000024212644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2E01 (B) Which type of modulation is common for data emissions below 30 MHz? A. DTMF tones modulating an FM signal B. FSK C. Pulse modulation D. Spread spectrum share/E/E4B110000664000175000017500000000056312644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4B11 (D) How should an antenna analyzer be connected when measuring antenna resonance and feed point impedance? A. Loosely couple the analyzer near the antenna base B. Connect the analyzer via a high-impedance transformer to the antenna C. Loosely couple the antenna and a dummy load to the analyzer D. Connect the antenna feed line directly to the analyzer's connector share/E/E1A100000664000175000017500000000107712644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE1A10 (A) [97.11] If an amateur station is installed aboard a ship or aircraft, what condition must be met before the station is operated? A. Its operation must be approved by the master of the ship or the pilot in command of the aircraft B. The amateur station operator must agree not to transmit when the main radio of the ship or aircraft is in use C. The amateur station must have a power supply that is completely independent of the main ship or aircraft power supply D. The amateur operator must have an FCC Marine or Aircraft endorsement on his or her amateur license share/E/E8D090000664000175000017500000000017012644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE8D09 (D) What is considered a good minimum IMD level for an idling PSK signal? A. +10 dB B. +15 dB C. -20 dB D. -30 dB share/E/E7B170000664000175000017500000000062612644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE7B17 (A) Why are odd-order rather than even-order intermodulation distortion products of concern in linear power amplifiers? A. Because they are relatively close in frequency to the desired signal B. Because they are relatively far in frequency from the desired signal C. Because they invert the sidebands causing distortion D. Because they maintain the sidebands, thus causing multiple duplicate signals share/E/E9H010000664000175000017500000000056212644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9H01 (D) When constructing a Beverage antenna, which of the following factors should be included in the design to achieve good performance at the desired frequency? A. Its overall length must not exceed 1/4 wavelength B. It must be mounted more than 1 wavelength above ground C. It should be configured as a four-sided loop D. It should be one or more wavelengths long share/E/E6B050000664000175000017500000000042112644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE6B05 (D) What characteristic of a PIN diode makes it useful as an RF switch or attenuator? A. Extremely high reverse breakdown voltage B. Ability to dissipate large amounts of power C. Reverse bias controls its forward voltage drop D. A large region of intrinsic material share/E/E5B120000664000175000017500000000026212644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE5B12 (A) What is admittance? A. The inverse of impedance B. The term for the gain of a field effect transistor C. The turns ratio of a transformer D. The unit used for Q factor share/E/E7D080000664000175000017500000000024512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7D08 (C) What type of circuit is shown in Figure E7-3? A. Switching voltage regulator B. Grounded emitter amplifier C. Linear voltage regulator D. Emitter follower share/E/E3A020000664000175000017500000000042112644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE3A02 (B) What characterizes libration fading of an EME signal? A. A slow change in the pitch of the CW signal B. A fluttery irregular fading C. A gradual loss of signal as the Sun rises D. The returning echo is several Hertz lower in frequency than the transmitted signal share/E/E1D020000664000175000017500000000067012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE1D02 (C) [97.3] What is the amateur satellite service? A. A radio navigation service using satellites for the purpose of self training, intercommunication and technical studies carried out by amateurs B. A spacecraft launching service for amateur-built satellites C. A radio communications service using amateur radio stations on satellites D. A radio communications service using stations on Earth satellites for public service broadcast share/E/E4E020000664000175000017500000000031212644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4E02 (D) Which of the following types of receiver noise can often be reduced with a DSP noise filter? A. Broadband white noise B. Ignition noise C. Power line noise D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E6E090000664000175000017500000000026312644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE6E09 (D) Which of the following component package types would be most suitable for use at frequencies above the HF range? A. TO-220 B. Axial lead C. Radial lead D. Surface mount share/E/E7E080000664000175000017500000000050212644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE7E08 (C) What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer circuit? A. Two and four times the original frequency B. The sum, difference and square root of the input frequencies C. The two input frequencies along with their sum and difference frequencies D. 1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequency share/E/E3A060000664000175000017500000000041712644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE3A06 (C) Which of the following is required for microwave propagation via rain scatter? A. Rain droplets must be electrically charged B. Rain droplets must be within the E layer C. The rain must be within radio range of both stations D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E9C110000664000175000017500000000047012644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE9C11 (D) How is the far-field elevation pattern of a vertically polarized antenna affected by being mounted over seawater versus rocky ground? A. The low-angle radiation decreases B. The high-angle radiation increases C. Both the high-angle and low-angle radiation decrease D. The low-angle radiation increases share/E/E2A060000664000175000017500000000026312644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2A06 (A) On what band would a satellite receive signals if it were operating in mode U/V? A. 435 MHz - 438 MHz B. 144 MHz - 146 MHz C. 50.0 MHz - 50.2 MHz D. 29.5 MHz - 29.7 MHz share/E/E8C100000664000175000017500000000041712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE8C10 (D) What is an advantage of Gray code in digital communications where symbols are transmitted as multiple bits A. It increases security B. It has more possible states than simple binary C. It has more resolution than simple binary D. It facilitates error detection share/E/E6E040000664000175000017500000000021012644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE6E04 (A) Which is the most common input and output impedance of circuits that use MMICs? A. 50 ohms B. 300 ohms C. 450 ohms D. 10 ohms share/E/E2B140000664000175000017500000000025712644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE2B14 (A) What aspect of an amateur slow-scan television signal encodes the brightness of the picture? A. Tone frequency B. Tone amplitude C. Sync amplitude D. Sync frequency share/E/E9E060000664000175000017500000000026412644747425011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9E06 (C) What is the equivalent lumped-constant network for a hairpin matching system of a 3-element Yagi? A. Pi-network B. Pi-L-network C. A shunt inductor D. A series capacitor share/E/E7B120000664000175000017500000000021312644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE7B12 (C) What type of amplifier circuit is shown in Figure E7-1? A. Common base B. Common collector C. Common emitter D. Emitter follower share/E/E4E080000664000175000017500000000044212644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE4E08 (A) What type of signal is picked up by electrical wiring near a radio antenna? A. A common-mode signal at the frequency of the radio transmitter B. An electrical-sparking signal C. A differential-mode signal at the AC power line frequency D. Harmonics of the AC power line frequency share/E/E9G010000664000175000017500000000027012644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE9G01 (A) Which of the following can be calculated using a Smith chart? A. Impedance along transmission lines B. Radiation resistance C. Antenna radiation pattern D. Radio propagation share/E/E1F110000664000175000017500000000105612644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE1F11 (D) [97.317] Which of the following best describes one of the standards that must be met by an external RF power amplifier if it is to qualify for a grant of FCC certification? A. It must produce full legal output when driven by not more than 5 watts of mean RF input power B. It must be capable of external RF switching between its input and output networks C. It must exhibit a gain of 0 dB or less over its full output range D. It must satisfy the FCC's spurious emission standards when operated at the lesser of 1500 watts or its full output power share/E/E6C050000664000175000017500000000030212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE6C05 (D) What is an advantage of CMOS logic devices over TTL devices? A. Differential output capability B. Lower distortion C. Immune to damage from static discharge D. Lower power consumption share/E/E9C100000664000175000017500000000046512644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9C10 (B) Which of the following describes a Zepp antenna? A. A dipole constructed from zip cord B. An end fed dipole antenna C. An omni-directional antenna commonly used for satellite communications D. A vertical array capable of quickly changing the direction of maximum radiation by changing phasing lines share/E/E7G030000664000175000017500000000020112644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE7G03 (D) What is the typical input impedance of an integrated circuit op-amp? A. 100 ohms B. 1000 ohms C. Very low D. Very high share/E/E3A070000664000175000017500000000025612644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE3A07 (C) Atmospheric ducts capable of propagating microwave signals often form over what geographic feature? A. Mountain ranges B. Forests C. Bodies of water D. Urban areas share/E/E9E030000664000175000017500000000035212644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9E03 (D) What is the name of the matching system that uses a section of transmission line connected in parallel with the feed line at or near the feed point? A. The gamma match B. The delta match C. The omega match D. The stub match share/E/E9H090000664000175000017500000000053212644747227011216 0ustar jtnjtnE9H09 (C) Which of the following describes the construction of a receiving loop antenna? A. A large circularly polarized antenna B. A small coil of wire tightly wound around a toroidal ferrite core C. One or more turns of wire wound in the shape of a large open coil D. A vertical antenna coupled to a feed line through an inductive loop of wire share/E/E9C150000664000175000017500000000054512644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9C15 (B) How does the radiation pattern of a horizontally polarized 3-element beam antenna vary with its height above ground? A. The main lobe takeoff angle increases with increasing height B. The main lobe takeoff angle decreases with increasing height C. The horizontal beam width increases with height D. The horizontal beam width decreases with height share/E/E7B130000664000175000017500000000017212644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7B13 (A) In Figure E7-2, what is the purpose of R? A. Emitter load B. Fixed bias C. Collector load D. Voltage regulation share/E/E3A120000664000175000017500000000055612644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE3A12 (C) What is the cause of auroral activity? A. The interaction in the F2 layer between the solar wind and the Van Allen belt B. A low sunspot level combined with tropospheric ducting C. The interaction in the E layer of charged particles from the Sun with the Earth's magnetic field D. Meteor showers concentrated in the extreme northern and southern latitudes share/E/E7B080000664000175000017500000000042012644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7B08 (C) How can an RF power amplifier be neutralized? A. By increasing the driving power B. By reducing the driving power C. By feeding a 180-degree out-of-phase portion of the output back to the input D. By feeding an in-phase component of the output back to the input share/E/E2B080000664000175000017500000000042212644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2B08 (D) Which of the following is a common method of transmitting accompanying audio with amateur fast-scan television? A. Frequency-modulated sub-carrier B. A separate VHF or UHF audio link C. Frequency modulation of the video carrier D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E4B170000664000175000017500000000046612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE4B17 (B) What three test loads are used to calibrate a standard RF vector network analyzer? A. 50 ohms, 75 ohms, and 90 ohms B. Short circuit, open circuit, and 50 ohms C. Short circuit, open circuit, and resonant circuit D. 50 ohms through 1/8 wavelength, 1/4 wavelength, and 1/2 wavelength of coaxial cable share/E/E2A050000664000175000017500000000041312644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2A05 (D) What do the letters in a satellite's mode designator specify? A. Power limits for uplink and downlink transmissions B. The location of the ground control station C. The polarization of uplink and downlink signals D. The uplink and downlink frequency ranges share/E/E5A040000664000175000017500000000050212644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE5A04 (A) What is the magnitude of the impedance of a circuit with a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor all in parallel, at resonance? A. Approximately equal to circuit resistance B. Approximately equal to inductive reactance C. Low, as compared to the circuit resistance D. Approximately equal to capacitive reactance share/E/E4B080000664000175000017500000000025512644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE4B08 (C) Which of the following is a characteristic of a good DC voltmeter? A. High reluctance input B. Low reluctance input C. High impedance input D. Low impedance input share/E/E5C030000664000175000017500000000027512644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE5C03 (C) Which of the following represents an inductive reactance in polar coordinates? A. A positive real part B. A negative real part C. A positive phase angle D. A negative phase angle share/E/E7E110000664000175000017500000000022212644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE7E11 (C) Which type of detector is used for demodulating SSB signals? A. Discriminator B. Phase detector C. Product detector D. Phase comparator share/E/E4B010000664000175000017500000000032112644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE4B01 (B) Which of the following factors most affects the accuracy of a frequency counter? A. Input attenuator accuracy B. Time base accuracy C. Decade divider accuracy D. Temperature coefficient of the logic share/E/E2C110000664000175000017500000000061512644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE2C11 (A) How should you generally identify your station when attempting to contact a DX station during a contest or in a pileup? A. Send your full call sign once or twice B. Send only the last two letters of your call sign until you make contact C. Send your full call sign and grid square D. Send the call sign of the DX station three times, the words "this is", then your call sign three times share/E/E0A010000664000175000017500000000037012644747227011166 0ustar jtnjtnE0A01 (B) What is the primary function of an external earth connection or ground rod? A. Reduce received noise B. Lightning protection C. Reduce RF current flow between pieces of equipment D. Reduce RFI to telephones and home entertainment systems share/E/E6F120000664000175000017500000000017112644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6F12 (C) What absorbs the energy from light falling on a photovoltaic cell? A. Protons B. Photons C. Electrons D. Holes share/E/E9D060000664000175000017500000000027012644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9D06 (B) What happens to the bandwidth of an antenna as it is shortened through the use of loading coils? A. It is increased B. It is decreased C. No change occurs D. It becomes flat share/E/E9A150000664000175000017500000000037412644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9A15 (D) What is the effective radiated power relative to a dipole of a repeater station with 150 watts transmitter power output, 2 dB feed line loss, 2.2 dB duplexer loss, and 7 dBd antenna gain? A. 1977 watts B. 78.7 watts C. 420 watts D. 286 watts share/E/E8D010000664000175000017500000000064512644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE8D01 (A) Why are received spread spectrum signals resistant to interference? A. Signals not using the spread spectrum algorithm are suppressed in the receiver B. The high power used by a spread spectrum transmitter keeps its signal from being easily overpowered C. The receiver is always equipped with a digital blanker D. If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies share/E/E7D160000664000175000017500000000073612644747227011214 0ustar jtnjtnE7D16 (D) When several electrolytic filter capacitors are connected in series to increase the operating voltage of a power supply filter circuit, why should resistors be connected across each capacitor? A. To equalize, as much as possible, the voltage drop across each capacitor B. To provide a safety bleeder to discharge the capacitors when the supply is off C. To provide a minimum load current to reduce voltage excursions at light loads D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7H050000664000175000017500000000026612644747227011214 0ustar jtnjtnE7H05 (D) How is positive feedback supplied in a Pierce oscillator? A. Through a tapped coil B. Through link coupling C. Through a neutralizing capacitor D. Through a quartz crystal share/E/E6E100000664000175000017500000000027712644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE6E10 (D) What is the packaging technique in which leadless components are soldered directly to circuit boards? A. Direct soldering B. Virtual lead mounting C. Stripped lead D. Surface mount share/E/E6A080000664000175000017500000000037612644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE6A08 (D) What term indicates the frequency at which the grounded-base current gain of a transistor has decreased to 0.7 of the gain obtainable at 1 kHz? A. Corner frequency B. Alpha rejection frequency C. Beta cutoff frequency D. Alpha cutoff frequency share/E/E2E020000664000175000017500000000026612644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE2E02 (A) What do the letters FEC mean as they relate to digital operation? A. Forward Error Correction B. First Error Correction C. Fatal Error Correction D. Final Error Correction share/E/E9C120000664000175000017500000000050612644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE9C12 (C) Which of the following describes an extended double Zepp antenna? A. A wideband vertical antenna constructed from precisely tapered aluminum tubing B. A portable antenna erected using two push support poles C. A center fed 1.25 wavelength antenna (two 5/8 wave elements in phase) D. An end fed folded dipole antenna share/E/E7D020000664000175000017500000000057512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7D02 (C) What is one characteristic of a switching electronic voltage regulator? A. The resistance of a control element is varied in direct proportion to the line voltage or load current B. It is generally less efficient than a linear regulator C. The controlled device's duty cycle is changed to produce a constant average output voltage D. It gives a ramp voltage at its output share/E/E2C030000664000175000017500000000017312644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE2C03 (A) From which of the following bands is amateur radio contesting generally excluded? A. 30 m B. 6 m C. 2 m D. 33 cm share/E/E9A170000664000175000017500000000037612644747227011214 0ustar jtnjtnE9A17 (B) What is the effective radiated power of a repeater station with 200 watts transmitter power output, 2 dB feed line loss, 2.8 dB duplexer loss, 1.2 dB circulator loss, and 7 dBi antenna gain? A. 159 watts B. 252 watts C. 632 watts D. 63.2 watts share/E/E9F160000664000175000017500000000055512644747227011217 0ustar jtnjtnE9F16 (D) Which of the following is a significant difference between foam dielectric coaxial cable and solid dielectric cable, assuming all other parameters are the same? A. Foam dielectric has lower safe operating voltage limits B. Foam dielectric has lower loss per unit of length C. Foam dielectric has higher velocity factor D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7F030000664000175000017500000000027112644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7F03 (C) What type of digital signal processing filter is used to generate an SSB signal? A. An adaptive filter B. A notch filter C. A Hilbert-transform filter D. An elliptical filter share/E/E7A040000664000175000017500000000014212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE7A04 (B) How many flip-flops are required to divide a signal frequency by 4? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8 share/E/E7B050000664000175000017500000000042612644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7B05 (C) What can be done to prevent unwanted oscillations in an RF power amplifier? A. Tune the stage for maximum SWR B. Tune both the input and output for maximum power C. Install parasitic suppressors and/or neutralize the stage D. Use a phase inverter in the output filter share/E/E9D030000664000175000017500000000040612644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE9D03 (A) Where should a high Q loading coil be placed to minimize losses in a shortened vertical antenna? A. Near the center of the vertical radiator B. As low as possible on the vertical radiator C. As close to the transmitter as possible D. At a voltage node share/E/E9B030000664000175000017500000000020612644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE9B03 (B) In the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-1, what is the front-to-side ratio? A. 12 dB B. 14 dB C. 18 dB D. 24 dB share/E/E2D120000664000175000017500000000041212644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2D12 (A) How does JT65 improve EME communications? A. It can decode signals many dB below the noise floor using FEC B. It controls the receiver to track Doppler shift C. It supplies signals to guide the antenna to track the Moon D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5B030000664000175000017500000000036512644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE5B03 (B) What happens to the phase angle of a reactance when it is converted to a susceptance? A. It is unchanged B. The sign is reversed C. It is shifted by 90 degrees D. The susceptance phase angle is the inverse of the reactance phase angle share/E/E8B040000664000175000017500000000030512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE8B04 (B) What is the modulation index of an FM-phone signal having a maximum carrier deviation of plus or minus 6 kHz when modulated with a 2 kHz modulating frequency? A. 6000 B. 3 C. 2000 D. 1/3 share/E/E4C060000664000175000017500000000045112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE4C06 (D) A CW receiver with the AGC off has an equivalent input noise power density of -174 dBm/Hz. What would be the level of an unmodulated carrier input to this receiver that would yield an audio output SNR of 0 dB in a 400 Hz noise bandwidth? A. -174 dBm B. -164 dBm C. -155 dBm D. -148 dBm share/E/E9D040000664000175000017500000000030012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE9D04 (C) Why should an HF mobile antenna loading coil have a high ratio of reactance to resistance? A. To swamp out harmonics B. To maximize losses C. To minimize losses D. To minimize the Q share/E/E5D020000664000175000017500000000040412644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE5D02 (B) Why is it important to keep lead lengths short for components used in circuits for VHF and above? A. To increase the thermal time constant B. To avoid unwanted inductive reactance C. To maintain component lifetime D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5D090000664000175000017500000000057712644747227011217 0ustar jtnjtnE5D09 (B) What happens to reactive power in an AC circuit that has both ideal inductors and ideal capacitors? A. It is dissipated as heat in the circuit B. It is repeatedly exchanged between the associated magnetic and electric fields, but is not dissipated C. It is dissipated as kinetic energy in the circuit D. It is dissipated in the formation of inductive and capacitive fields share/E/E9F060000664000175000017500000000033412644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9F06 (C) What is the approximate physical length of an air-insulated, parallel conductor transmission line that is electrically one-half wavelength long at 14.10 MHz? A. 15 meters B. 20 meters C. 10 meters D. 71 meters share/E/E0A080000664000175000017500000000034012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE0A08 (C) What does SAR measure? A. Synthetic Aperture Ratio of the human body B. Signal Amplification Rating C. The rate at which RF energy is absorbed by the body D. The rate of RF energy reflected from stationary terrain share/E/E3C090000664000175000017500000000024512644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE3C09 (C) How does the intensity of an X3 flare compare to that of an X2 flare? A. 10 percent greater B. 50 percent greater C. Twice as great D. Four times as great share/E/E5C120000664000175000017500000000061612644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE5C12 (D) If you plot the impedance of a circuit using the rectangular coordinate system and find the impedance point falls on the right side of the graph on the horizontal axis, what do you know about the circuit? A. It has to be a direct current circuit B. It contains resistance and capacitive reactance C. It contains resistance and inductive reactance D. It is equivalent to a pure resistance share/E/E5A170000664000175000017500000000034212644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE5A17 (A) What is the result of increasing the Q of an impedance-matching circuit? A. Matching bandwidth is decreased B. Matching bandwidth is increased C. Matching range is increased D. It has no effect on impedance matching share/E/E6A150000664000175000017500000000023112644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE6A15 (B) Which semiconductor material contains excess holes in the outer shell of electrons? A. N-type B. P-type C. Superconductor-type D. Bipolar-type share/E/E6F020000664000175000017500000000025612644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE6F02 (A) What happens to the conductivity of a photoconductive material when light shines on it? A. It increases B. It decreases C. It stays the same D. It becomes unstable share/E/E0A030000664000175000017500000000061612644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE0A03 (C) Which of the following would be a practical way to estimate whether the RF fields produced by an amateur radio station are within permissible MPE limits? A. Use a calibrated antenna analyzer B. Use a hand calculator plus Smith-chart equations to calculate the fields C. Use an antenna modeling program to calculate field strength at accessible locations D. All of the choices are correct share/E/E1E110000664000175000017500000000071212644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE1E11 (B) [97.509] What must the VE team do if an examinee scores a passing grade on all examination elements needed for an upgrade or new license? A. Photocopy all examination documents and forward them to the FCC for processing B. Three VEs must certify that the examinee is qualified for the license grant and that they have complied with the administering VE requirements C. Issue the examinee the new or upgrade license D. All these choices are correct share/E/E7E100000664000175000017500000000042612644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7E10 (A) How does a diode detector function? A. By rectification and filtering of RF signals B. By breakdown of the Zener voltage C. By mixing signals with noise in the transition region of the diode D. By sensing the change of reactance in the diode with respect to frequency share/E/E4C160000664000175000017500000000026612644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE4C16 (A) Which of the following is caused by missing codes in an SDR receiver's analog-to-digital converter? A. Distortion B. Overload C. Loss of sensitivity D. Excess output level share/E/E8C090000664000175000017500000000034012644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE8C09 (D) Which is the name of a digital code where each preceding or following character changes by only one bit? A. Binary Coded Decimal Code B. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code C. Excess 3 code D. Gray code share/E/E7A080000664000175000017500000000052412644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE7A08 (A) What logical operation does an OR gate perform? A. It produces logic "1" at its output if any or all inputs are logic "1" B. It produces logic "0" at its output if all inputs are logic "1" C. It only produces logic "0" at its output when all inputs are logic "1" D. It produces logic "1" at its output if all inputs are logic "0" share/E/E2D060000664000175000017500000000050112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE2D06 (A) Which of the following describes a method of establishing EME contacts? A. Time synchronous transmissions alternately from each station B. Storing and forwarding digital messages C. Judging optimum transmission times by monitoring beacons reflected from the Moon D. High speed CW identification to avoid fading share/E/E6E060000664000175000017500000000071212644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE6E06 (D) What characteristics of the MMIC make it a popular choice for VHF through microwave circuits? A. The ability to retrieve information from a single signal even in the presence of other strong signals B. Plate current that is controlled by a control grid C. Nearly infinite gain, very high input impedance, and very low output impedance D. Controlled gain, low noise figure, and constant input and output impedance over the specified frequency range share/E/E8C050000664000175000017500000000027212644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE8C05 (C) What is the necessary bandwidth of a 13-WPM international Morse code transmission? A. Approximately 13 Hz B. Approximately 26 Hz C. Approximately 52 Hz D. Approximately 104 Hz share/E/E7C100000664000175000017500000000026212644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE7C10 (B) Which of the following filters would be the best choice for use in a 2 meter repeater duplexer? A. A crystal filter B. A cavity filter C. A DSP filter D. An L-C filter share/E/E9A060000664000175000017500000000027313322767766011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9A06 (D) How does the beamwidth of an antenna vary as the gain is increased? A. It increases geometrically B. It increases arithmetically C. It is essentially unaffected D. It decreases share/E/E5B070000664000175000017500000000056412644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE5B07 (C) What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through a series RLC circuit if XC is 500 ohms, R is 1 kilohm, and XL is 250 ohms? A. 68.2 degrees with the voltage leading the current B. 14.0 degrees with the voltage leading the current C. 14.0 degrees with the voltage lagging the current D. 68.2 degrees with the voltage lagging the current share/E/E9G060000664000175000017500000000030612644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9G06 (B) On the Smith chart shown in Figure E9-3, what is the name for the large outer circle on which the reactance arcs terminate? A. Prime axis B. Reactance axis C. Impedance axis D. Polar axis share/E/E6A010000664000175000017500000000037612644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6A01 (C) In what application is gallium arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon? A. In high-current rectifier circuits B. In high-power audio circuits C. In microwave circuits D. In very low frequency RF circuits share/E/E4B020000664000175000017500000000046312644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE4B02 (C) What is an advantage of using a bridge circuit to measure impedance? A. It provides an excellent match under all conditions B. It is relatively immune to drift in the signal generator source C. It is very precise in obtaining a signal null D. It can display results directly in Smith chart format share/E/E7D130000664000175000017500000000050012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE7D13 (C) What is the equation for calculating power dissipation by a series connected linear voltage regulator? A. Input voltage multiplied by input current B. Input voltage divided by output current C. Voltage difference from input to output multiplied by output current D. Output voltage multiplied by output current share/E/E6E110000664000175000017500000000050213322770265011166 0ustar jtnjtnE6E11 (D) What is a characteristics of DIP packaging used for integrated circuit? A. Package mounts in a direct inverted position B. Low leakage doubly insulated package C. Two chips in each package (Dual In Package) D. A total of two rows of connecting pins placed on opposite sides of the package (Dual In-line Package) share/E/E1F070000664000175000017500000000056412644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE1F07 (D) [97.113] When may an amateur station send a message to a business? A. When the total money involved does not exceed $25 B. When the control operator is employed by the FCC or another government agency C. When transmitting international third-party communications D. When neither the amateur nor his or her employer has a pecuniary interest in the communications share/E/E7C060000664000175000017500000000052712644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7C06 (C) What are the distinguishing features of an elliptical filter? A. Gradual passband rolloff with minimal stop band ripple B. Extremely flat response over its pass band with gradually rounded stop band corners C. Extremely sharp cutoff with one or more notches in the stop band D. Gradual passband rolloff with extreme stop band ripple share/E/E6F140000664000175000017500000000036412644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE6F14 (B) Which of the following is true of LCD displays? A. They are hard to view in high ambient light conditions B. They may be hard view through polarized lenses C. They only display alphanumeric symbols D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E9G040000664000175000017500000000027412644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE9G04 (C) What are the two families of circles and arcs that make up a Smith chart? A. Resistance and voltage B. Reactance and voltage C. Resistance and reactance D. Voltage and impedance share/E/E9A030000664000175000017500000000053712644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9A03 (A) Why would one need to know the feed point impedance of an antenna? A. To match impedances in order to minimize standing wave ratio on the transmission line B. To measure the near-field radiation density from a transmitting antenna C. To calculate the front-to-side ratio of the antenna D. To calculate the front-to-back ratio of the antenna share/E/E9A120000664000175000017500000000025512644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE9A12 (A) How much gain does an antenna have compared to a 1/2-wavelength dipole when it has 6 dB gain over an isotropic antenna? A. 3.85 dB B. 6.0 dB C. 8.15 dB D. 2.79 dB share/E/E3A170000664000175000017500000000035512644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE3A17 (B) What is meant by circularly polarized electromagnetic waves? A. Waves with an electric field bent into a circular shape B. Waves with a rotating electric field C. Waves that circle the Earth D. Waves produced by a loop antenna share/E/E2A070000664000175000017500000000026212644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2A07 (D) Which of the following types of signals can be relayed through a linear transponder? A. FM and CW B. SSB and SSTV C. PSK and Packet D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E1B050000664000175000017500000000045212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1B05 (C) [97.3] What is the National Radio Quiet Zone? A. An area in Puerto Rico surrounding the Arecibo Radio Telescope B. An area in New Mexico surrounding the White Sands Test Area C. An area surrounding the National Radio Astronomy Observatory D. An area in Florida surrounding Cape Canaveral share/E/E4C130000664000175000017500000000051012644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4C13 (C) How does a narrow-band roofing filter affect receiver performance? A. It improves sensitivity by reducing front end noise B. It improves intelligibility by using low Q circuitry to reduce ringing C. It improves dynamic range by attenuating strong signals near the receive frequency D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5A150000664000175000017500000000026412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE5A15 (A) Which of the following can increase Q for inductors and capacitors? A. Lower losses B. Lower reactance C. Lower self-resonant frequency D. Higher self-resonant frequency share/E/E7C120000664000175000017500000000051512644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE7C12 (B) Which describes a Pi-L-network used for matching a vacuum tube final amplifier to a 50 ohm unbalanced output? A. A Phase Inverter Load network B. A Pi-network with an additional series inductor on the output C. A network with only three discrete parts D. A matching network in which all components are isolated from ground share/E/E7D150000664000175000017500000000050112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7D15 (D) What is the purpose of a "step-start" circuit in a high voltage power supply? A. To provide a dual-voltage output for reduced power applications B. To compensate for variations of the incoming line voltage C. To allow for remote control of the power supply D. To allow the filter capacitors to charge gradually share/E/E1E010000664000175000017500000000023512644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE1E01 (D) [97.509] What is the minimum number of qualified VEs required to administer an Element 4 amateur operator license examination? A. 5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3 share/E/E9F020000664000175000017500000000032513322767716011204 0ustar jtnjtnE9F02 (C) Which of the following determines the velocity factor of a transmission line? A. The termination impedance B. The line length C. Dielectric materials used in the line D. The center conductor resistivity share/E/E9G080000664000175000017500000000052112644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9G08 (C) What is the process of normalization with regard to a Smith chart? A. Reassigning resistance values with regard to the reactance axis B. Reassigning reactance values with regard to the resistance axis C. Reassigning impedance values with regard to the prime center D. Reassigning prime center with regard to the reactance axis share/E/E4D040000664000175000017500000000055312644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE4D04 (B) Which of the following may reduce or eliminate intermodulation interference in a repeater caused by another transmitter operating in close proximity? A. A band-pass filter in the feed line between the transmitter and receiver B. A properly terminated circulator at the output of the transmitter C. A Class C final amplifier D. A Class D final amplifier share/E/E9E110000664000175000017500000000062512644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE9E11 (B) What is an effective way of matching a feed line to a VHF or UHF antenna when the impedances of both the antenna and feed line are unknown? A. Use a 50 ohm 1:1 balun between the antenna and feed line B. Use the universal stub matching technique C. Connect a series-resonant LC network across the antenna feed terminals D. Connect a parallel-resonant LC network across the antenna feed terminals share/E/E9A160000664000175000017500000000042412644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9A16 (A) What is the effective radiated power relative to a dipole of a repeater station with 200 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feed line loss, 3.2 dB duplexer loss, 0.8 dB circulator loss, and 10 dBd antenna gain? A. 317 watts B. 2000 watts C. 126 watts D. 300 watts share/E/E4C050000664000175000017500000000055012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4C05 (B) What does a value of -174 dBm/Hz represent with regard to the noise floor of a receiver? A. The minimum detectable signal as a function of receive frequency B. The theoretical noise at the input of a perfect receiver at room temperature C. The noise figure of a 1 Hz bandwidth receiver D. The galactic noise contribution to minimum detectable signal share/E/E8C010000664000175000017500000000063112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE8C01 (C) How is Forward Error Correction implemented? A. By the receiving station repeating each block of three data characters B. By transmitting a special algorithm to the receiving station along with the data characters C. By transmitting extra data that may be used to detect and correct transmission errors D. By varying the frequency shift of the transmitted signal according to a predefined algorithm share/E/E3A140000664000175000017500000000027012644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE3A14 (B) From the contiguous 48 states, in which approximate direction should an antenna be pointed to take maximum advantage of aurora propagation? A. South B. North C. East D. West share/E/E7A060000664000175000017500000000060512644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7A06 (A) What is a characteristic of a monostable multivibrator? A. It switches momentarily to the opposite binary state and then returns to its original state after a set time B. It produces a continuous square wave oscillating between 1 and 0 C. It stores one bit of data in either a 0 or 1 state D. It maintains a constant output voltage, regardless of variations in the input voltage share/E/E7F060000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE7F06 (D) What is the minimum number of bits required for an analog-to-digital converter to sample a signal with a range of 1 volt at a resolution of 1 millivolt? A. 4 bits B. 6 bits C. 8 bits D. 10 bits share/E/E5D040000664000175000017500000000033012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE5D04 (B) Why are short connections necessary at microwave frequencies? A. To increase neutralizing resistance B. To reduce phase shift along the connection C. Because of ground reflections D. To reduce noise figure share/E/E6F130000664000175000017500000000061512644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE6F13 (B) What is a liquid crystal display (LCD)? A. A modern replacement for a quartz crystal oscillator which displays its fundamental frequency B. A display utilizing a crystalline liquid and polarizing filters which becomes opaque when voltage is applied C. A frequency-determining unit for a transmitter or receiver D. A display that uses a glowing liquid to remain brightly lit in dim light share/E/E3C050000664000175000017500000000027412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE3C05 (A) What orientation of Bz (B sub z) increases the likelihood that incoming particles from the Sun will cause disturbed conditions? A. Southward B. Northward C. Eastward D. Westward share/E/E8D120000664000175000017500000000037112644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE8D12 (D) What is the advantage of including a parity bit with an ASCII character stream? A. Faster transmission rate B. The signal can overpower interfering signals C. Foreign language characters can be sent D. Some types of errors can be detected share/E/E6E080000664000175000017500000000056312644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE6E08 (A) How is voltage from a power supply normally furnished to the most common type of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)? A. Through a resistor and/or RF choke connected to the amplifier output lead B. MMICs require no operating bias C. Through a capacitor and RF choke connected to the amplifier input lead D. Directly to the bias voltage (VCC IN) lead share/E/E1B030000664000175000017500000000025212644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE1B03 (A) [97.13] Within what distance must an amateur station protect an FCC monitoring facility from harmful interference? A. 1 mile B. 3 miles C. 10 miles D. 30 miles share/E/E4C020000664000175000017500000000035112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE4C02 (A) Which of the following portions of a receiver can be effective in eliminating image signal interference? A. A front-end filter or pre-selector B. A narrow IF filter C. A notch filter D. A properly adjusted product detector share/E/E7D110000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE7D11 (D) What circuit element is controlled by a series analog voltage regulator to maintain a constant output voltage? A. Reference voltage B. Switching inductance C. Error amplifier D. Pass transistor share/E/E5B010000664000175000017500000000035012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE5B01 (B) What is the term for the time required for the capacitor in an RC circuit to be charged to 63.2% of the applied voltage? A. An exponential rate of one B. One time constant C. One exponential period D. A time factor of one share/E/E6C010000664000175000017500000000041312644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE6C01 (A) What is the function of hysteresis in a comparator? A. To prevent input noise from causing unstable output signals B. To allow the comparator to be used with AC input signal C. To cause the output to change states continually D. To increase the sensitivity share/E/E6C020000664000175000017500000000035612644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE6C02 (B) What happens when the level of a comparator's input signal crosses the threshold? A. The IC input can be damaged B. The comparator changes its output state C. The comparator enters latch-up D. The feedback loop becomes unstable share/E/E5D120000664000175000017500000000025112644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE5D12 (B) How many watts are consumed in a circuit having a power factor of 0.2 if the input is 100-VAC at 4 amperes? A. 400 watts B. 80 watts C. 2000 watts D. 50 watts share/E/E9C020000664000175000017500000000042112644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE9C02 (A) What is the radiation pattern of two 1/4 wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/4 wavelength apart and fed 90 degrees out of phase? A. Cardioid B. A figure-8 end-fire along the axis of the array C. A figure-8 broadside to the axis of the array D. Omni-directional share/E/E6A110000664000175000017500000000015112644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE6A11 (A) In Figure E6-2, what is the schematic symbol for a P-channel junction FET? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 6 share/E/E4C030000664000175000017500000000031312644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4C03 (C) What is the term for the blocking of one FM phone signal by another, stronger FM phone signal? A. Desensitization B. Cross-modulation interference C. Capture effect D. Frequency discrimination share/E/E7E070000664000175000017500000000057112644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE7E07 (B) What is meant by the term baseband in radio communications? A. The lowest frequency band that the transmitter or receiver covers B. The frequency components present in the modulating signal C. The unmodulated bandwidth of the transmitted signal D. The basic oscillator frequency in an FM transmitter that is multiplied to increase the deviation and carrier frequency share/E/E5B080000664000175000017500000000055312644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE5B08 (A) What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through a series RLC circuit if XC is 100 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and XL is 75 ohms? A. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current B. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current C. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current D. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current share/E/E9E130000664000175000017500000000062412644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9E13 (C) What is a use for a Wilkinson divider? A. It divides the operating frequency of a transmitter signal so it can be used on a lower frequency band B. It is used to feed high-impedance antennas from a low-impedance source C. It is used to divide power equally between two 50 ohm loads while maintaining 50 ohm input impedance D. It is used to feed low-impedance loads from a high-impedance source share/E/E1C090000664000175000017500000000036212644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1C09 (D) [97.205] Which of these ranges of frequencies is available for an automatically controlled repeater operating below 30 MHz? A. 18.110 MHz - 18.168 MHz B. 24.940 MHz - 24.990 MHz C. 10.100 MHz - 10.150 MHz D. 29.500 MHz - 29.700 MHz share/E/E1B080000664000175000017500000000100712644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1B08 (D) [97.121] What limitations may the FCC place on an amateur station if its signal causes interference to domestic broadcast reception, assuming that the receivers involved are of good engineering design? A. The amateur station must cease operation B. The amateur station must cease operation on all frequencies below 30 MHz C. The amateur station must cease operation on all frequencies above 30 MHz D. The amateur station must avoid transmitting during certain hours on frequencies that cause the interference share/E/E5C160000664000175000017500000000032012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE5C16 (A) Which point on Figure E5-2 best represents the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a 300 ohm resistor and a 19 picofarad capacitor at 21.200 MHz? A. Point 1 B. Point 3 C. Point 7 D. Point 8 share/E/E5D170000664000175000017500000000025312644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE5D17 (D) How many watts are consumed in a circuit having a power factor of 0.6 if the input is 200VAC at 5 amperes? A. 200 watts B. 1000 watts C. 1600 watts D. 600 watts share/E/E9B010000664000175000017500000000022612644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE9B01 (B) In the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-1, what is the 3 dB beam-width? A. 75 degrees B. 50 degrees C. 25 degrees D. 30 degrees share/E/E1D090000664000175000017500000000025213322771070011164 0ustar jtnjtnE1D09 (B) [97.207] Which UHF amateur service bands have frequencies available for a space station? A. 70 cm only B. 70 cm and 13 cm C. 70 cm and 33 cm D. 33 cm and 13 cm share/E/E6C070000664000175000017500000000067012644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE6C07 (B) What best describes a pull-up or pull-down resistor? A. A resistor in a keying circuit used to reduce key clicks B. A resistor connected to the positive or negative supply line used to establish a voltage when an input or output is an open circuit C. A resistor that insures that an oscillator frequency does not drive lower over time D. A resistor connected to an op-amp output that only functions when the logic output is false share/E/E2D140000664000175000017500000000040312644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE2D14 (B) What is one advantage of using JT65 coding? A. Uses only a 65 Hz bandwidth B. The ability to decode signals which have a very low signal to noise ratio C. Easily copied by ear if necessary D. Permits fast-scan TV transmissions over narrow bandwidth share/E/E7F010000664000175000017500000000072012644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7F01 (C) What is meant by direct digital conversion as applied to software defined radios? A. Software is converted from source code to object code during operation of the receiver B. Incoming RF is converted to a control voltage for a voltage controlled oscillator C. Incoming RF is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter without being mixed with a local oscillator signal D. A switching mixer is used to generate I and Q signals directly from the RF input share/E/E1C040000664000175000017500000000047312644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1C04 (A) What is meant by IARP? A. An international amateur radio permit that allows U.S. amateurs to operate in certain countries of the Americas B. The internal amateur radio practices policy of the FCC C. An indication of increased antenna reflected power D. A forecast of intermittent aurora radio propagation share/E/E1E040000664000175000017500000000077012644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1E04 (D) [97.509, 97.525] Which of the following best describes the Volunteer Examiner accreditation process? A. Each General, Advanced and Amateur Extra Class operator is automatically accredited as a VE when the license is granted B. The amateur operator applying must pass a VE examination administered by the FCC Enforcement Bureau C. The prospective VE obtains accreditation from the FCC D. The procedure by which a VEC confirms that the VE applicant meets FCC requirements to serve as an examiner share/E/E7B160000664000175000017500000000032612644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE7B16 (A) What is the effect of intermodulation products in a linear power amplifier? A. Transmission of spurious signals B. Creation of parasitic oscillations C. Low efficiency D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E8A050000664000175000017500000000041712644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE8A05 (D) What would be the most accurate way of measuring the RMS voltage of a complex waveform? A. By using a grid dip meter B. By measuring the voltage with a D'Arsonval meter C. By using an absorption wave meter D. By measuring the heating effect in a known resistor share/E/E3A090000664000175000017500000000026412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE3A09 (C) Which of the following frequency range is most suited for meteor scatter communications? A. 1.8 MHz - 1.9 MHz B. 10 MHz - 14 MHz C. 28 MHz - 148 MHz D. 220 MHz - 450 MHz share/E/E9F140000664000175000017500000000043312644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9F14 (B) What impedance does a 1/2 wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is shorted at the far end? A. Very high impedance B. Very low impedance C. The same as the characteristic impedance of the line D. The same as the output impedance of the generator share/E/E4D010000664000175000017500000000101712644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE4D01 (A) What is meant by the blocking dynamic range of a receiver? A. The difference in dB between the noise floor and the level of an incoming signal which will cause 1 dB of gain compression B. The minimum difference in dB between the levels of two FM signals which will cause one signal to block the other C. The difference in dB between the noise floor and the third order intercept point D. The minimum difference in dB between two signals which produce third order intermodulation products greater than the noise floor share/E/E1A020000664000175000017500000000061112644747227011166 0ustar jtnjtnE1A02 (D) [97.301, 97.305] When using a transceiver that displays the carrier frequency of phone signals, which of the following displayed frequencies represents the lowest frequency at which a properly adjusted LSB emission will be totally within the band? A. The exact lower band edge B. 300 Hz above the lower band edge C. 1 kHz above the lower band edge D. 3 kHz above the lower band edge share/E/E4C110000664000175000017500000000022312644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE4C11 (B) Which of the following is a desirable amount of selectivity for an amateur SSB phone receiver? A. 1 kHz B. 2.4 kHz C. 4.2 kHz D. 4.8 kHz share/E/E4C090000664000175000017500000000047512644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE4C09 (C) Which of the following choices is a good reason for selecting a high frequency for the design of the IF in a conventional HF or VHF communications receiver? A. Fewer components in the receiver B. Reduced drift C. Easier for front-end circuitry to eliminate image responses D. Improved receiver noise figure share/E/E1E070000664000175000017500000000070612644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE1E07 (B) [97.509] What should a VE do if a candidate fails to comply with the examiner's instructions during an amateur operator license examination? A. Warn the candidate that continued failure to comply will result in termination of the examination B. Immediately terminate the candidate's examination C. Allow the candidate to complete the examination, but invalidate the results D. Immediately terminate everyone's examination and close the session share/E/E1C020000664000175000017500000000067212644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE1C02 (A) [97.3, 97.109] What is meant by automatic control of a station? A. The use of devices and procedures for control so that the control operator does not have to be present at a control point B. A station operating with its output power controlled automatically C. Remotely controlling a station's antenna pattern through a directional control link D. The use of a control link between a control point and a locally controlled station share/E/E8D070000664000175000017500000000026212644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE8D07 (D) What is a common cause of overmodulation of AFSK signals? A. Excessive numbers of retries B. Ground loops C. Bit errors in the modem D. Excessive transmit audio levels share/E/E6B080000664000175000017500000000026612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE6B08 (A) Which of the following describes a type of semiconductor diode? A. Metal-semiconductor junction B. Electrolytic rectifier C. CMOS-field effect D. Thermionic emission diode share/E/E4B040000664000175000017500000000034712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE4B04 (A) If a frequency counter with a specified accuracy of +/- 0.1 ppm reads 146,520,000 Hz, what is the most the actual frequency being measured could differ from the reading? A. 14.652 Hz B. 0.1 MHz C. 1.4652 Hz D. 1.4652 kHz share/E/E7G050000664000175000017500000000036112644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7G05 (A) How can unwanted ringing and audio instability be prevented in a multi-section op-amp RC audio filter circuit? A. Restrict both gain and Q B. Restrict gain but increase Q C. Restrict Q but increase gain D. Increase both gain and Q share/E/E2A030000664000175000017500000000047712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE2A03 (C) What is the orbital period of an Earth satellite? A. The point of maximum height of a satellite's orbit B. The point of minimum height of a satellite's orbit C. The time it takes for a satellite to complete one revolution around the Earth D. The time it takes for a satellite to travel from perigee to apogee share/E/E1E090000664000175000017500000000053212644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE1E09 (A) [97.509] What may be the penalty for a VE who fraudulently administers or certifies an examination? A. Revocation of the VE's amateur station license grant and the suspension of the VE's amateur operator license grant B. A fine of up to $1000 per occurrence C. A sentence of up to one year in prison D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5C150000664000175000017500000000032012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE5C15 (B) Which point in Figure E5-2 best represents the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a 300 ohm resistor and an 18 microhenry inductor at 3.505 MHz? A. Point 1 B. Point 3 C. Point 7 D. Point 8 share/E/E6A120000664000175000017500000000065012644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6A12 (D) Why do many MOSFET devices have internally connected Zener diodes on the gates? A. To provide a voltage reference for the correct amount of reverse-bias gate voltage B. To protect the substrate from excessive voltages C. To keep the gate voltage within specifications and prevent the device from overheating D. To reduce the chance of the gate insulation being punctured by static discharges or excessive voltages share/E/E7C050000664000175000017500000000027612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7C05 (D) Which filter type is described as having ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff? A. A Butterworth filter B. An active LC filter C. A passive op-amp filter D. A Chebyshev filter share/E/E6F060000664000175000017500000000025512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE6F06 (A) Which of these materials is affected the most by photoconductivity? A. A crystalline semiconductor B. An ordinary metal C. A heavy metal D. A liquid semiconductor share/E/E4B060000664000175000017500000000037312644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE4B06 (D) How much power is being absorbed by the load when a directional power meter connected between a transmitter and a terminating load reads 100 watts forward power and 25 watts reflected power? A. 100 watts B. 125 watts C. 25 watts D. 75 watts share/E/E1F030000664000175000017500000000110312644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE1F03 (A) [97.315] Under what circumstances may a dealer sell an external RF power amplifier capable of operation below 144 MHz if it has not been granted FCC certification? A. It was purchased in used condition from an amateur operator and is sold to another amateur operator for use at that operator's station B. The equipment dealer assembled it from a kit C. It was imported from a manufacturer in a country that does not require certification of RF power amplifiers D. It was imported from a manufacturer in another country and was certificated by that country's government share/E/E1F020000664000175000017500000000072412644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1F02 (C) [97.107] What privileges are authorized in the U.S. to persons holding an amateur service license granted by the Government of Canada? A. None, they must obtain a U.S. license B. All privileges of the Extra Class license C. The operating terms and conditions of the Canadian amateur service license, not to exceed U.S. Extra Class privileges D. Full privileges, up to and including those of the Extra Class License, on the 80, 40, 20, 15, and 10 meter bands share/E/E7H100000664000175000017500000000064212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7H10 (B) What information is contained in the lookup table of a direct digital frequency synthesizer? A. The phase relationship between a reference oscillator and the output waveform B. The amplitude values that represent a sine-wave output C. The phase relationship between a voltage-controlled oscillator and the output waveform D. The synthesizer frequency limits and frequency values stored in the radio memories share/E/E7F170000664000175000017500000000027012644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7F17 (D) What do the letters I and Q in I/Q Modulation represent? A. Inactive and Quiescent B. Instantaneous and Quasi-stable C. Instantaneous and Quenched D. In-phase and Quadrature share/E/E7D090000664000175000017500000000042312644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7D09 (C) What is the main reason to use a charge controller with a solar power system? A. Prevention of battery undercharge B. Control of electrolyte levels during battery discharge C. Prevention of battery damage due to overcharge D. Matching of day and night charge rates share/E/E6A100000664000175000017500000000015612644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE6A10 (B) In Figure E6-2, what is the schematic symbol for an N-channel dual-gate MOSFET? A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 share/E/E9F150000664000175000017500000000043012644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9F15 (A) What impedance does a 1/2 wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is open at the far end? A. Very high impedance B. Very low impedance C. The same as the characteristic impedance of the line D. The same as the output impedance of the generator share/E/E7E020000664000175000017500000000055712644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE7E02 (D) What is the function of a reactance modulator? A. To produce PM signals by using an electrically variable resistance B. To produce AM signals by using an electrically variable inductance or capacitance C. To produce AM signals by using an electrically variable resistance D. To produce PM signals by using an electrically variable inductance or capacitance share/E/E5C090000664000175000017500000000043412644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE5C09 (A) When using rectangular coordinates to graph the impedance of a circuit, what does the horizontal axis represent? A. Resistive component B. Reactive component C. The sum of the reactive and resistive components D. The difference between the resistive and reactive components share/E/E6C040000664000175000017500000000031712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6C04 (B) What is the primary advantage of tri-state logic? A. Low power consumption B. Ability to connect many device outputs to a common bus C. High speed operation D. More efficient arithmetic operations share/E/E8D020000664000175000017500000000035312644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE8D02 (B) What spread spectrum communications technique uses a high speed binary bit stream to shift the phase of an RF carrier? A. Frequency hopping B. Direct sequence C. Binary phase-shift keying D. Phase compandored spread spectrum share/E/E3C070000664000175000017500000000020712644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE3C07 (D) Which of the following descriptors indicates the greatest solar flare intensity? A. Class A B. Class B C. Class M D. Class X share/E/E8B020000664000175000017500000000053412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE8B02 (D) How does the modulation index of a phase-modulated emission vary with RF carrier frequency (the modulated frequency)? A. It increases as the RF carrier frequency increases B. It decreases as the RF carrier frequency increases C. It varies with the square root of the RF carrier frequency D. It does not depend on the RF carrier frequency share/E/E6F090000664000175000017500000000044612644747227011215 0ustar jtnjtnE6F09 (D) What is the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell? A. The output RF power divided by the input DC power B. The effective payback period C. The open-circuit voltage divided by the short-circuit current under full illumination D. The relative fraction of light that is converted to current share/E/E1A090000664000175000017500000000064612644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE1A09 (A) [97.219] What is the first action you should take if your digital message forwarding station inadvertently forwards a communication that violates FCC rules? A. Discontinue forwarding the communication as soon as you become aware of it B. Notify the originating station that the communication does not comply with FCC rules C. Notify the nearest FCC Field Engineer's office D. Discontinue forwarding all messages share/E/E6A090000664000175000017500000000046612644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE6A09 (A) What is a depletion-mode FET? A. An FET that exhibits a current flow between source and drain when no gate voltage is applied B. An FET that has no current flow between source and drain when no gate voltage is applied C. Any FET without a channel D. Any FET for which holes are the majority carriers share/E/E1D030000664000175000017500000000074712644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE1D03 (B) [97.3] What is a telecommand station in the amateur satellite service? A. An amateur station located on the Earth's surface for communication with other Earth stations by means of Earth satellites B. An amateur station that transmits communications to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a space station C. An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth's surface D. An amateur station that transmits telemetry consisting of measurements of upper atmosphere share/E/E6D090000664000175000017500000000034712644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE6D09 (C) What devices are commonly used as VHF and UHF parasitic suppressors at the input and output terminals of a transistor HF amplifier? A. Electrolytic capacitors B. Butterworth filters C. Ferrite beads D. Steel-core toroids share/E/E7C010000664000175000017500000000133712644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7C01 (D) How are the capacitors and inductors of a low-pass filter Pi-network arranged between the network's input and output? A. Two inductors are in series between the input and output, and a capacitor is connected between the two inductors and ground B. Two capacitors are in series between the input and output, and an inductor is connected between the two capacitors and ground C. An inductor is connected between the input and ground, another inductor is connected between the output and ground, and a capacitor is connected between the input and output D. A capacitor is connected between the input and ground, another capacitor is connected between the output and ground, and an inductor is connected between input and output share/E/E3C040000664000175000017500000000035312644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE3C04 (C) What does the value of Bz (B sub Z) represent? A. Geomagnetic field stability B. Critical frequency for vertical transmissions C. Direction and strength of the interplanetary magnetic field D. Duration of long-delayed echoes share/E/E2A110000664000175000017500000000034512644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE2A11 (B) What type of antenna can be used to minimize the effects of spin modulation and Faraday rotation? A. A linearly polarized antenna B. A circularly polarized antenna C. An isotropic antenna D. A log-periodic dipole array share/E/E2C090000664000175000017500000000050012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE2C09 (C) What type of equipment is commonly used to implement a ham radio mesh network? A. A 2 meter VHF transceiver with a 1200 baud modem B. An optical cable connection between the USB ports of 2 separate computers C. A standard wireless router running custom software D. A 440 MHz transceiver with a 9600 baud modem share/E/E9B160000664000175000017500000000021612644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9B16 (A) How many elevation lobes appear in the forward direction of the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-2? A. 4 B. 3 C. 1 D. 7 share/E/E1F060000664000175000017500000000053312644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1F06 (A) [1.931] Under what circumstances might the FCC issue a Special Temporary Authority (STA) to an amateur station? A. To provide for experimental amateur communications B. To allow regular operation on Land Mobile channels C. To provide additional spectrum for personal use D. To provide temporary operation while awaiting normal licensing share/E/E2A120000664000175000017500000000052312644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2A12 (D) What is one way to predict the location of a satellite at a given time? A. By means of the Doppler data for the specified satellite B. By subtracting the mean anomaly from the orbital inclination C. By adding the mean anomaly to the orbital inclination D. By calculations using the Keplerian elements for the specified satellite share/E/E6A160000664000175000017500000000021612644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE6A16 (B) What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material? A. Holes B. Free electrons C. Free protons D. Free neutrons share/E/E6D100000664000175000017500000000055312644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6D10 (A) What is a primary advantage of using a toroidal core instead of a solenoidal core in an inductor? A. Toroidal cores confine most of the magnetic field within the core material B. Toroidal cores make it easier to couple the magnetic energy into other components C. Toroidal cores exhibit greater hysteresis D. Toroidal cores have lower Q characteristics share/E/E6E030000664000175000017500000000027312644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE6E03 (D) Which of the following materials is likely to provide the highest frequency of operation when used in MMICs? A. Silicon B. Silicon nitride C. Silicon dioxide D. Gallium nitride share/E/E3C060000664000175000017500000000041512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE3C06 (A) By how much does the VHF/UHF radio horizon distance exceed the geometric horizon? A. By approximately 15 percent of the distance B. By approximately twice the distance C. By approximately 50 percent of the distance D. By approximately four times the distance share/E/E9A070000664000175000017500000000064213322771250011172 0ustar jtnjtnE9A07 (A) What is meant by antenna gain? A. The ratio of the radiated signal strength of an antenna in the direction of maximum radiation to that of a reference antenna B. The ratio of the signal in the forward direction to that in the opposite direction C. The ratio of the amount of power radiated by an antenna compared to the transmitter output power D. The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line losses share/E/E2E130000664000175000017500000000056512644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE2E13 (D) Which of the following is a possible reason that attempts to initiate contact with a digital station on a clear frequency are unsuccessful? A. Your transmit frequency is incorrect B. The protocol version you are using is not the supported by the digital station C. Another station you are unable to hear is using the frequency D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E9A180000664000175000017500000000025612644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9A18 (C) What term describes station output, taking into account all gains and losses? A. Power factor B. Half-power bandwidth C. Effective radiated power D. Apparent power share/E/E9E100000664000175000017500000000122412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE9E10 (C) Which of these choices is an effective way to match an antenna with a 100 ohm feed point impedance to a 50 ohm coaxial cable feed line? A. Connect a 1/4-wavelength open stub of 300 ohm twin-lead in parallel with the coaxial feed line where it connects to the antenna B. Insert a 1/2 wavelength piece of 300 ohm twin-lead in series between the antenna terminals and the 50 ohm feed cable C. Insert a 1/4-wavelength piece of 75 ohm coaxial cable transmission line in series between the antenna terminals and the 50 ohm feed cable D. Connect 1/2 wavelength shorted stub of 75 ohm cable in parallel with the 50 ohm cable where it attaches to the antenna share/E/E3B100000664000175000017500000000066612644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE3B10 (B) What is the cause of gray-line propagation? A. At midday, the Sun super heats the ionosphere causing increased refraction of radio waves B. At twilight and sunrise, D-layer absorption is low while E-layer and F-layer propagation remains high C. In darkness, solar absorption drops greatly while atmospheric ionization remains steady D. At mid-afternoon, the Sun heats the ionosphere decreasing radio wave refraction and the MUF share/E/E8C070000664000175000017500000000023012644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE8C07 (A) What is the necessary bandwidth of a 4800-Hz frequency shift, 9600-baud ASCII FM transmission? A. 15.36 kHz B. 9.6 kHz C. 4.8 kHz D. 5.76 kHz share/E/E2C020000664000175000017500000000102012644747227011164 0ustar jtnjtnE2C02 (A) Which of the following best describes the term self-spotting in regards to HF contest operating? A. The generally prohibited practice of posting one's own call sign and frequency on a spotting network B. The acceptable practice of manually posting the call signs of stations on a spotting network C. A manual technique for rapidly zero beating or tuning to a station's frequency before calling that station D. An automatic method for rapidly zero beating or tuning to a station's frequency before calling that station share/E/E7G010000664000175000017500000000020212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE7G01 (A) What is the typical output impedance of an integrated circuit op-amp? A. Very low B. Very high C. 100 ohms D. 1000 ohms share/E/E2E070000664000175000017500000000017012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2E07 (B) What is the typical bandwidth of a properly modulated MFSK16 signal? A. 31 Hz B. 316 Hz C. 550 Hz D. 2.16 kHz share/E/E9E040000664000175000017500000000053712644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE9E04 (B) What is the purpose of the series capacitor in a gamma-type antenna matching network? A. To provide DC isolation between the feed line and the antenna B. To cancel the inductive reactance of the matching network C. To provide a rejection notch that prevents the radiation of harmonics D. To transform the antenna impedance to a higher value share/E/E1E060000664000175000017500000000036112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1E06 (C) [97.509] Who is responsible for the proper conduct and necessary supervision during an amateur operator license examination session? A. The VEC coordinating the session B. The FCC C. Each administering VE D. The VE session manager share/E/E2D110000664000175000017500000000032312644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2D11 (D) Which of the following data are used by the APRS network to communicate your location? A. Polar coordinates B. Time and frequency C. Radio direction finding spectrum analysis D. Latitude and longitude share/E/E9D010000664000175000017500000000033212644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE9D01 (C) How does the gain of an ideal parabolic dish antenna change when the operating frequency is doubled? A. Gain does not change B. Gain is multiplied by 0.707 C. Gain increases by 6 dB D. Gain increases by 3 dB share/E/E7H130000664000175000017500000000050612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7H13 (D) Which of the following is a technique for providing highly accurate and stable oscillators needed for microwave transmission and reception? A. Use a GPS signal reference B. Use a rubidium stabilized reference oscillator C. Use a temperature-controlled high Q dielectric resonator D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7B010000664000175000017500000000030712644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE7B01 (A) For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class AB amplifier operate? A. More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees B. Exactly 180 degrees C. The entire cycle D. Less than 180 degrees share/E/E4A070000664000175000017500000000056412644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE4A07 (B) Which of the following is an advantage of using an antenna analyzer compared to an SWR bridge to measure antenna SWR? A. Antenna analyzers automatically tune your antenna for resonance B. Antenna analyzers do not need an external RF source C. Antenna analyzers display a time-varying representation of the modulation envelope D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7G060000664000175000017500000000046212644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE7G06 (D) Which of the following is the most appropriate use of an op-amp active filter? A. As a high-pass filter used to block RFI at the input to receivers B. As a low-pass filter used between a transmitter and a transmission line C. For smoothing power supply output D. As an audio filter in a receiver share/E/E4B140000664000175000017500000000033512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4B14 (B) What happens if a dip meter is too tightly coupled to a tuned circuit being checked? A. Harmonics are generated B. A less accurate reading results C. Cross modulation occurs D. Intermodulation distortion occurs share/E/E2B100000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE2B10 (A) Which of the following is an acceptable bandwidth for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) based voice or SSTV digital transmissions made on the HF amateur bands? A. 3 KHz B. 10 KHz C. 15 KHz D. 20 KHz share/E/E3B110000664000175000017500000000021612644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE3B11 (D) At what time of day is Sporadic-E propagation most likely to occur? A. Around sunset B. Around sunrise C. Early evening D. Any time share/E/E9A110000664000175000017500000000036312644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE9A11 (C) Which of the following factors determines ground losses for a ground-mounted vertical antenna operating in the 3 MHz to 30 MHz range? A. The standing wave ratio B. Distance from the transmitter C. Soil conductivity D. Take-off angle share/E/E7B180000664000175000017500000000022512644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE7B18 (C) What is a characteristic of a grounded-grid amplifier? A. High power gain B. High filament voltage C. Low input impedance D. Low bandwidth share/E/E5D100000664000175000017500000000052412644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5D10 (A) How can the true power be determined in an AC circuit where the voltage and current are out of phase? A. By multiplying the apparent power times the power factor B. By dividing the reactive power by the power factor C. By dividing the apparent power by the power factor D. By multiplying the reactive power times the power factor share/E/E3A050000664000175000017500000000027412644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE3A05 (C) Tropospheric propagation of microwave signals often occurs along what weather related structure? A. Gray-line B. Lightning discharges C. Warm and cold fronts D. Sprites and jets share/E/E8C040000664000175000017500000000034012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE8C04 (C) What technique is used to minimize the bandwidth requirements of a PSK31 signal? A. Zero-sum character encoding B. Reed-Solomon character encoding C. Use of sinusoidal data pulses D. Use of trapezoidal data pulses share/E/E9B070000664000175000017500000000104112644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE9B07 (C) How does the total amount of radiation emitted by a directional gain antenna compare with the total amount of radiation emitted from an isotropic antenna, assuming each is driven by the same amount of power? A. The total amount of radiation from the directional antenna is increased by the gain of the antenna B. The total amount of radiation from the directional antenna is stronger by its front-to-back ratio C. They are the same D. The radiation from the isotropic antenna is 2.15 dB stronger than that from the directional antenna share/E/E8A070000664000175000017500000000036112644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE8A07 (B) What determines the PEP-to-average power ratio of a single-sideband phone signal? A. The frequency of the modulating signal B. The characteristics of the modulating signal C. The degree of carrier suppression D. The amplifier gain share/E/E2A090000664000175000017500000000037012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2A09 (A) What do the terms L band and S band specify with regard to satellite communications? A. The 23 centimeter and 13 centimeter bands B. The 2 meter and 70 centimeter bands C. FM and Digital Store-and-Forward systems D. Which sideband to use share/E/E9D120000664000175000017500000000056512644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9D12 (C) Which of the following would provide the best RF ground for your station? A. A 50 ohm resistor connected to ground B. An electrically short connection to a metal water pipe C. An electrically short connection to 3 or 4 interconnected ground rods driven into the Earth D. An electrically short connection to 3 or 4 interconnected ground rods via a series RF choke share/E/E9A090000664000175000017500000000045412644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9A09 (B) How is antenna efficiency calculated? A. (radiation resistance / transmission resistance) x 100 per cent B. (radiation resistance / total resistance) x 100 per cent C. (total resistance / radiation resistance) x 100 per cent D. (effective radiated power / transmitter output) x 100 percent share/E/E1A010000664000175000017500000000061212644747227011166 0ustar jtnjtnE1A01 (D) [97.301, 97.305] When using a transceiver that displays the carrier frequency of phone signals, which of the following displayed frequencies represents the highest frequency at which a properly adjusted USB emission will be totally within the band? A. The exact upper band edge B. 300 Hz below the upper band edge C. 1 kHz below the upper band edge D. 3 kHz below the upper band edge share/E/E2B160000664000175000017500000000016412644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2B16 (D) Which is a video standard used by North American Fast Scan ATV stations? A. PAL B. DRM C. Scottie D. NTSC share/E/E1F100000664000175000017500000000026712644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE1F10 (C) [97.313] What is the maximum permitted transmitter peak envelope power for an amateur station transmitting spread spectrum communications? A. 1 W B. 1.5 W C. 10 W D. 1.5 kW share/E/E6E070000664000175000017500000000033012644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6E07 (B) Which of the following is typically used to construct a MMIC-based microwave amplifier? A. Ground-plane construction B. Microstrip construction C. Point-to-point construction D. Wave-soldering construction share/E/E5B020000664000175000017500000000037212644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5B02 (D) What is the term for the time it takes for a charged capacitor in an RC circuit to discharge to 36.8% of its initial voltage? A. One discharge period B. An exponential discharge rate of one C. A discharge factor of one D. One time constant share/E/E1D040000664000175000017500000000066412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE1D04 (A) [97.3] What is an Earth station in the amateur satellite service? A. An amateur station within 50 km of the Earth's surface intended for communications with amateur stations by means of objects in space B. An amateur station that is not able to communicate using amateur satellites C. An amateur station that transmits telemetry consisting of measurement of upper atmosphere D. Any amateur station on the surface of the Earth share/E/E0A070000664000175000017500000000035312644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE0A07 (B) How may dangerous levels of carbon monoxide from an emergency generator be detected? A. By the odor B. Only with a carbon monoxide detector C. Any ordinary smoke detector can be used D. By the yellowish appearance of the gas share/E/E7E030000664000175000017500000000054712644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE7E03 (C) How does an analog phase modulator function? A. By varying the tuning of a microphone preamplifier to produce PM signals B. By varying the tuning of an amplifier tank circuit to produce AM signals C. By varying the tuning of an amplifier tank circuit to produce PM signals D. By varying the tuning of a microphone preamplifier to produce AM signals share/E/E9D100000664000175000017500000000067512644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9D10 (B) What happens to feed point impedance at the base of a fixed length HF mobile antenna as the frequency of operation is lowered? A. The radiation resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance decreases B. The radiation resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance increases C. The radiation resistance increases and the capacitive reactance decreases D. The radiation resistance increases and the capacitive reactance increases share/E/E7C140000664000175000017500000000023312644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7C14 (C) Which mode is most affected by non-linear phase response in a receiver IF filter? A. Meteor scatter B. Single-Sideband voice C. Digital D. Video share/E/E4B160000664000175000017500000000012712644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE4B16 (A) Which S parameter represents return loss or SWR? A. S11 B. S12 C. S21 D. S22 share/E/E7A100000664000175000017500000000050212644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE7A10 (C) What is a truth table? A. A table of logic symbols that indicate the high logic states of an op-amp B. A diagram showing logic states when the digital device output is true C. A list of inputs and corresponding outputs for a digital device D. A table of logic symbols that indicate the logic states of an op-amp share/E/E5A020000664000175000017500000000046712644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE5A02 (C) What is resonance in an electrical circuit? A. The highest frequency that will pass current B. The lowest frequency that will pass current C. The frequency at which the capacitive reactance equals the inductive reactance D. The frequency at which the reactive impedance equals the resistive impedance share/E/E4A150000664000175000017500000000056612644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE4A15 (C) What is an advantage of a period-measuring frequency counter over a direct-count type? A. It can run on battery power for remote measurements B. It does not require an expensive high-precision time base C. It provides improved resolution of low-frequency signals within a comparable time period D. It can directly measure the modulation index of an FM transmitter share/E/E6B020000664000175000017500000000044312644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6B02 (D) What is an important characteristic of a Schottky diode as compared to an ordinary silicon diode when used as a power supply rectifier? A. Much higher reverse voltage breakdown B. Controlled reverse avalanche voltage C. Enhanced carrier retention time D. Less forward voltage drop share/E/E6D140000664000175000017500000000020612644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE6D14 (B) Which type of slug material decreases inductance when inserted into a coil? A. Ceramic B. Brass C. Ferrite D. Powdered-iron share/E/E7F090000664000175000017500000000063312644747227011214 0ustar jtnjtnE7F09 (A) Why is an anti-aliasing digital filter required in a digital decimator? A. It removes high-frequency signal components which would otherwise be reproduced as lower frequency components B. It peaks the response of the decimator, improving bandwidth C. It removes low frequency signal components to eliminate the need for DC restoration D. It notches out the sampling frequency to avoid sampling errors share/E/E9C090000664000175000017500000000051612644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE9C09 (A) What is a G5RV antenna? A. A multi-band dipole antenna fed with coax and a balun through a selected length of open wire transmission line B. A multi-band trap antenna C. A phased array antenna consisting of multiple loops D. A wide band dipole using shorted coaxial cable for the radiating elements and fed with a 4:1 balun share/E/E3C110000664000175000017500000000021612644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE3C11 (C) What does VOACAP software model? A. AC voltage and impedance B. VHF radio propagation C. HF propagation D. AC current and impedance share/E/E9F110000664000175000017500000000045212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9F11 (C) What impedance does a 1/8 wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is open at the far end? A. The same as the characteristic impedance of the line B. An inductive reactance C. A capacitive reactance D. The same as the input impedance of the final generator stage share/E/E8A030000664000175000017500000000032512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE8A03 (A) What type of wave does a Fourier analysis show to be made up of sine waves of a given fundamental frequency plus all of its harmonics? A. A sawtooth wave B. A square wave C. A sine wave D. A cosine wave share/E/E3C030000664000175000017500000000032212644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE3C03 (B) Which of the following signal paths is most likely to experience high levels of absorption when the A index or K index is elevated? A. Transequatorial propagation B. Polar paths C. Sporadic-E D. NVIS share/E/E4E090000664000175000017500000000053412644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE4E09 (C) What undesirable effect can occur when using an IF noise blanker? A. Received audio in the speech range might have an echo effect B. The audio frequency bandwidth of the received signal might be compressed C. Nearby signals may appear to be excessively wide even if they meet emission standards D. FM signals can no longer be demodulated share/E/E8A110000664000175000017500000000023112644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE8A11 (D) What type of information can be conveyed using digital waveforms? A. Human speech B. Video signals C. Data D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E1D100000664000175000017500000000055512644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE1D10 (B) [97.211] Which amateur stations are eligible to be telecommand stations? A. Any amateur station designated by NASA B. Any amateur station so designated by the space station licensee, subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held by the control operator C. Any amateur station so designated by the ITU D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7C030000664000175000017500000000042112644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE7C03 (A) What advantage does a Pi-L-network have over a regular Pi-network for impedance matching between the final amplifier of a vacuum-tube transmitter and an antenna? A. Greater harmonic suppression B. Higher efficiency C. Lower losses D. Greater transformation range share/E/E1D110000664000175000017500000000064512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1D11 (D) [97.209] Which amateur stations are eligible to operate as Earth stations? A. Any amateur station whose licensee has filed a pre-space notification with the FCC's International Bureau B. Only those of General, Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operators C. Only those of Amateur Extra Class operators D. Any amateur station, subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held by the control operator share/E/E6B120000664000175000017500000000024312644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE6B12 (C) What is one common use for PIN diodes? A. As a constant current source B. As a constant voltage source C. As an RF switch D. As a high voltage rectifier share/E/E9A040000664000175000017500000000046012644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE9A04 (B) Which of the following factors may affect the feed point impedance of an antenna? A. Transmission-line length B. Antenna height, conductor length/diameter ratio and location of nearby conductive objects C. The settings of an antenna tuner at the transmiiter D. Sunspot activity and time of day share/E/E4A020000664000175000017500000000031712644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE4A02 (B) Which of the following parameters would a spectrum analyzer display on the vertical and horizontal axes? A. RF amplitude and time B. RF amplitude and frequency C. SWR and frequency D. SWR and time share/E/E1C070000664000175000017500000000043612644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1C07 (C) [97.3] What is meant by local control? A. Controlling a station through a local auxiliary link B. Automatically manipulating local station controls C. Direct manipulation of the transmitter by a control operator D. Controlling a repeater using a portable handheld transceiver share/E/E7E090000664000175000017500000000033112644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7E09 (A) What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches a mixer circuit? A. Spurious mixer products are generated B. Mixer blanking occurs C. Automatic limiting occurs D. A beat frequency is generated share/E/E2E030000664000175000017500000000032612644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE2E03 (C) How is the timing of JT65 contacts organized? A. By exchanging ACK/NAK packets B. Stations take turns on alternate days C. Alternating transmissions at 1 minute intervals D. It depends on the lunar phase share/E/E7C040000664000175000017500000000072012644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7C04 (C) How does an impedance-matching circuit transform a complex impedance to a resistive impedance? A. It introduces negative resistance to cancel the resistive part of impedance B. It introduces transconductance to cancel the reactive part of impedance C. It cancels the reactive part of the impedance and changes the resistive part to a desired value D. Network resistances are substituted for load resistances and reactances are matched to the resistances share/E/E3C080000664000175000017500000000024013322771007011161 0ustar jtnjtnE3C08 (A) What does the space weather term G5 mean? A. An extreme geomagnetic storm B. Very low solar activity C. Moderate solar wind D. Waning sunspot numbers share/E/E4C070000664000175000017500000000030112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE4C07 (B) What does the MDS of a receiver represent? A. The meter display sensitivity B. The minimum discernible signal C. The multiplex distortion stability D. The maximum detectable spectrum share/E/E0A100000664000175000017500000000033312644747227011165 0ustar jtnjtnE0A10 (A) What toxic material may be present in some electronic components such as high voltage capacitors and transformers? A. Polychlorinated Biphenyls B. Polyethylene C. Polytetrafluroethylene D. Polymorphic silicon share/E/E0A060000664000175000017500000000054512644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE0A06 (D) Why are there separate electric (E) and magnetic (H) field MPE limits? A. The body reacts to electromagnetic radiation from both the E and H fields B. Ground reflections and scattering make the field impedance vary with location C. E field and H field radiation intensity peaks can occur at different locations D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5D050000664000175000017500000000021012644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE5D05 (A) Which parasitic characteristic increases with conductor length? A. Inductance B. Permeability C. Permittivity D. Malleability share/E/E7H070000664000175000017500000000042112644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7H07 (D) How can an oscillator's microphonic responses be reduced? A. Use of NP0 capacitors B. Eliminating noise on the oscillator's power supply C. Using the oscillator only for CW and digital signals D. Mechanically isolating the oscillator circuitry from its enclosure share/E/E1A040000664000175000017500000000100212644747227011163 0ustar jtnjtnE1A04 (C) [97.301, 97.305] With your transceiver displaying the carrier frequency of phone signals, you hear a DX station calling CQ on 3.601 MHz LSB. Is it legal to return the call using lower sideband on the same frequency? A. Yes, because the DX station initiated the contact B. Yes, because the displayed frequency is within the 75 meter phone band segment C. No, the sideband will extend beyond the edge of the phone band segment D. No, U.S. stations are not permitted to use phone emissions below 3.610 MHz share/E/E7H120000664000175000017500000000053712644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE7H12 (B) Which of the following must be done to insure that a crystal oscillator provides the frequency specified by the crystal manufacturer? A. Provide the crystal with a specified parallel inductance B. Provide the crystal with a specified parallel capacitance C. Bias the crystal at a specified voltage D. Bias the crystal at a specified current share/E/E8A090000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE8A09 (D) How many levels can an analog-to-digital converter with 8 bit resolution encode? A. 8 B. 8 multiplied by the gain of the input amplifier C. 256 divided by the gain of the input amplifier D. 256 share/E/E6C140000664000175000017500000000051012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE6C14 (B) What is the primary advantage of using a Programmable Gate Array (PGA) in a logic circuit? A. Many similar gates are less expensive than a mixture of gate types B. Complex logic functions can be created in a single integrated circuit C. A PGA contains its own internal power supply D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7G100000664000175000017500000000023112644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE7G10 (C) What absolute voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-4 when R1 is 1800 ohms and RF is 68 kilohms? A. 1 B. 0.03 C. 38 D. 76 share/E/E9G090000664000175000017500000000033712644747227011220 0ustar jtnjtnE9G09 (A) What third family of circles is often added to a Smith chart during the process of solving problems? A. Standing wave ratio circles B. Antenna-length circles C. Coaxial-length circles D. Radiation-pattern circles share/E/E5C130000664000175000017500000000034112644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE5C13 (D) What coordinate system is often used to display the resistive, inductive, and/or capacitive reactance components of impedance? A. Maidenhead grid B. Faraday grid C. Elliptical coordinates D. Rectangular coordinates share/E/E6D040000664000175000017500000000026412644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE6D04 (B) Which materials are commonly used as a slug core in a variable inductor? A. Polystyrene and polyethylene B. Ferrite and brass C. Teflon and Delrin D. Cobalt and aluminum share/E/E2E090000664000175000017500000000021312644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2E09 (D) Which of the following HF digital modes uses variable-length coding for bandwidth efficiency? A. RTTY B. PACTOR C. MT63 D. PSK31 share/E/E4C170000664000175000017500000000036512644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE4C17 (D) Which of the following has the largest effect on an SDR receiver's linearity? A. CPU register width in bits B. Anti-aliasing input filter bandwidth C. RAM speed used for data storage D. Analog-to-digital converter sample width in bits share/E/E9F100000664000175000017500000000045512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9F10 (C) What impedance does a 1/8 wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is shorted at the far end? A. A capacitive reactance B. The same as the characteristic impedance of the line C. An inductive reactance D. The same as the input impedance to the final generator stage share/E/E1B090000664000175000017500000000064112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE1B09 (C) [97.407] Which amateur stations may be operated under RACES rules? A. Only those club stations licensed to Amateur Extra class operators B. Any FCC-licensed amateur station except a Technician class C. Any FCC-licensed amateur station certified by the responsible civil defense organization for the area served D. Any FCC-licensed amateur station participating in the Military Auxiliary Radio System (MARS) share/E/E7G090000664000175000017500000000033012644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7G09 (D) What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-4 if R1 is 1000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input? A. 0.23 volts B. 2.3 volts C. -0.23 volts D. -2.3 volts share/E/E5A110000664000175000017500000000026412644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE5A11 (C) What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit that has a resonant frequency of 7.1 MHz and a Q of 150? A. 157.8 Hz B. 315.6 Hz C. 47.3 kHz D. 23.67 kHz share/E/E1C080000664000175000017500000000030512644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE1C08 (B) [97.213] What is the maximum permissible duration of a remotely controlled station's transmissions if its control link malfunctions? A. 30 seconds B. 3 minutes C. 5 minutes D. 10 minutes share/E/E5D010000664000175000017500000000061712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE5D01 (A) What is the result of skin effect? A. As frequency increases, RF current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor, closer to the surface B. As frequency decreases, RF current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor, closer to the surface C. Thermal effects on the surface of the conductor increase the impedance D. Thermal effects on the surface of the conductor decrease the impedance share/E/E3C020000664000175000017500000000035212644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE3C02 (A) What is indicated by a rising A or K index? A. Increasing disruption of the geomagnetic field B. Decreasing disruption of the geomagnetic field C. Higher levels of solar UV radiation D. An increase in the critical frequency share/E/E9B040000664000175000017500000000047212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9B04 (D) What may occur when a directional antenna is operated at different frequencies within the band for which it was designed? A. Feed point impedance may become negative B. The E-field and H-field patterns may reverse C. Element spacing limits could be exceeded D. The gain may change depending on frequency share/E/E9H040000664000175000017500000000056112644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE9H04 (B) What is an advantage of using a shielded loop antenna for direction finding? A. It automatically cancels ignition noise in mobile installations B. It is electro statically balanced against ground, giving better nulls C. It eliminates tracking errors caused by strong out-of-band signals D. It allows stations to communicate without giving away their position share/E/E1C110000664000175000017500000000046412644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE1C11 (A) [97.5] Which of the following operating arrangements allows an FCC-licensed U.S. citizen to operate in many European countries, and alien amateurs from many European countries to operate in the U.S.? A. CEPT agreement B. IARP agreement C. ITU reciprocal license D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E0A040000664000175000017500000000065613322767503011171 0ustar jtnjtnE0A04 (C) When evaluating a site with multiple transmitters operating at the same time, the operators and licensees of which transmitters are responsible for mitigating over-exposure situations? A. Only the most powerful transmitter B. Only commercial transmitters C. Each transmitter that produces 5 percent or more of its MPE limit at accessible locations D. Each transmitter operating with a duty-cycle greater than 50 percent share/E/E7D040000664000175000017500000000034412644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7D04 (B) Which of the following types of linear voltage regulator usually make the most efficient use of the primary power source? A. A series current source B. A series regulator C. A shunt regulator D. A shunt current source share/E/E9H070000664000175000017500000000072512644747227011220 0ustar jtnjtnE9H07 (D) Why is it advisable to use an RF attenuator on a receiver being used for direction finding? A. It narrows the bandwidth of the received signal to improve signal to noise ratio B. It compensates for the effects of an isotropic antenna, thereby improving directivity C. It reduces loss of received signals caused by antenna pattern nulls, thereby increasing sensitivity D. It prevents receiver overload which could make it difficult to determine peaks or nulls share/E/E9B120000664000175000017500000000054512644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9B12 (D) What is the far field of an antenna? A. The region of the ionosphere where radiated power is not refracted B. The region where radiated power dissipates over a specified time period C. The region where radiated field strengths are obstructed by objects of reflection D. The region where the shape of the antenna pattern is independent of distance share/E/E8C030000664000175000017500000000055512644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE8C03 (A) When performing phase shift keying, why is it advantageous to shift phase precisely at the zero crossing of the RF carrier? A. This results in the least possible transmitted bandwidth for the particular mode B. It is easier to demodulate with a conventional, non-synchronous detector C. It improves carrier suppression D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E9G050000664000175000017500000000030312644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9G05 (A) What type of chart is shown in Figure E9-3? A. Smith chart B. Free space radiation directivity chart C. Elevation angle radiation pattern chart D. Azimuth angle radiation pattern chart share/E/E6E120000664000175000017500000000036312644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE6E12 (B) Why are high-power RF amplifier ICs and transistors sometimes mounted in ceramic packages? A. High-voltage insulating ability B. Better dissipation of heat C. Enhanced sensitivity to light D. To provide a low-pass frequency response share/E/E8A020000664000175000017500000000025112644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE8A02 (C) What type of wave has a rise time significantly faster than its fall time (or vice versa)? A. A cosine wave B. A square wave C. A sawtooth wave D. A sine wave share/E/E7D050000664000175000017500000000033712644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7D05 (D) Which of the following types of linear voltage regulator places a constant load on the unregulated voltage source? A. A constant current source B. A series regulator C. A shunt current source D. A shunt regulator share/E/E3B050000664000175000017500000000025712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE3B05 (C) Which amateur bands typically support long-path propagation? A. 160 meters to 40 meters B. 30 meters to 10 meters C. 160 meters to 10 meters D. 6 meters to 2 meters share/E/E8D080000664000175000017500000000033412644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE8D08 (D) What parameter might indicate that excessively high input levels are causing distortion in an AFSK signal? A. Signal to noise ratio B. Baud rate C. Repeat Request Rate (RRR) D. Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) share/E/E5B130000664000175000017500000000012512644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE5B13 (D) What letter is commonly used to represent susceptance? A. G B. X C. Y D. B share/E/E3C120000664000175000017500000000030512644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE3C12 (C) How does the maximum distance of ground-wave propagation change when the signal frequency is increased? A. It stays the same B. It increases C. It decreases D. It peaks at roughly 14 MHz share/E/E7A120000664000175000017500000000020413322770133011155 0ustar jtnjtnE7A12 (C) What type of logic defines "0" as a high voltage? A. Reverse Logic B. Assertive Logic C. Negative logic D. Positive Logic share/E/E7F120000664000175000017500000000031212644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE7F12 (A) What digital process is applied to I and Q signals in order to recover the baseband modulation information? A. Fast Fourier Transform B. Decimation C. Signal conditioning D. Quadrature mixing share/E/E8A060000664000175000017500000000023012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE8A06 (A) What is the approximate ratio of PEP-to-average power in a typical single-sideband phone signal? A. 2.5 to 1 B. 25 to 1 C. 1 to 1 D. 100 to 1 share/E/E9E050000664000175000017500000000061212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9E05 (A) How must the driven element in a 3-element Yagi be tuned to use a hairpin matching system? A. The driven element reactance must be capacitive B. The driven element reactance must be inductive C. The driven element resonance must be lower than the operating frequency D. The driven element radiation resistance must be higher than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line share/E/E2B120000664000175000017500000000054512644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE2B12 (D) How are analog SSTV images typically transmitted on the HF bands? A. Video is converted to equivalent Baudot representation B. Video is converted to equivalent ASCII representation C. Varying tone frequencies representing the video are transmitted using PSK D. Varying tone frequencies representing the video are transmitted using single sideband share/E/E9D080000664000175000017500000000027212644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9D08 (B) What happens as the Q of an antenna increases? A. SWR bandwidth increases B. SWR bandwidth decreases C. Gain is reduced D. More common-mode current is present on the feed line share/E/E7B070000664000175000017500000000041212644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7B07 (D) Which of the following is a likely result when a Class C amplifier is used to amplify a single-sideband phone signal? A. Reduced intermodulation products B. Increased overall intelligibility C. Signal inversion D. Signal distortion and excessive bandwidth share/E/E9D130000664000175000017500000000040012644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE9D13 (B) What usually occurs if a Yagi antenna is designed solely for maximum forward gain? A. The front-to-back ratio increases B. The front-to-back ratio decreases C. The frequency response is widened over the whole frequency band D. The SWR is reduced share/E/E2D040000664000175000017500000000051212644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE2D04 (C) What is the purpose of digital store-and-forward functions on an Amateur Radio satellite? A. To upload operational software for the transponder B. To delay download of telemetry between satellites C. To store digital messages in the satellite for later download by other stations D. To relay messages between satellites share/E/E8C080000664000175000017500000000042412644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE8C08 (D) How does ARQ accomplish error correction? A. Special binary codes provide automatic correction B. Special polynomial codes provide automatic correction C. If errors are detected, redundant data is substituted D. If errors are detected, a retransmission is requested share/E/E7F080000664000175000017500000000037312644747227011214 0ustar jtnjtnE7F08 (B) What is the function of decimation with regard to digital filters? A. Converting data to binary code decimal form B. Reducing the effective sample rate by removing samples C. Attenuating the signal D. Removing unnecessary significant digits share/E/E4D110000664000175000017500000000073712644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE4D11 (A) Why are third-order intermodulation products created within a receiver of particular interest compared to other products? A. The third-order product of two signals which are in the band of interest is also likely to be within the band B. The third-order intercept is much higher than other orders C. Third-order products are an indication of poor image rejection D. Third-order intermodulation produces three products for every input signal within the band of interest share/E/E2C120000664000175000017500000000053012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2C12 (B) What might help to restore contact when DX signals become too weak to copy across an entire HF band a few hours after sunset? A. Switch to a higher frequency HF band B. Switch to a lower frequency HF band C. Wait 90 minutes or so for the signal degradation to pass D. Wait 24 hours before attempting another communication on the band share/E/E1A110000664000175000017500000000057012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE1A11 (B) [97.5] Which of the following describes authorization or licensing required when operating an amateur station aboard a U.S.-registered vessel in international waters? A. Any amateur license with an FCC Marine or Aircraft endorsement B. Any FCC-issued amateur license C. Only General class or higher amateur licenses D. An unrestricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit share/E/E2B070000664000175000017500000000022512644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2B07 (B) What is the name of the signal component that carries color information in NTSC video? A. Luminance B. Chroma C. Hue D. Spectral Intensity share/E/E1E050000664000175000017500000000033712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1E05 (B) [97.503] What is the minimum passing score on amateur operator license examinations? A. Minimum passing score of 70% B. Minimum passing score of 74% C. Minimum passing score of 80% D. Minimum passing score of 77% share/E/E7C130000664000175000017500000000056012644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7C13 (A) What is one advantage of a Pi-matching network over an L-matching network consisting of a single inductor and a single capacitor? A. The Q of Pi-networks can be varied depending on the component values chosen B. L-networks cannot perform impedance transformation C. Pi-networks have fewer components D. Pi-networks are designed for balanced input and output share/E/E2B050000664000175000017500000000061612644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2B05 (C) Which of the following is an advantage of using vestigial sideband for standard fast- scan TV transmissions? A. The vestigial sideband carries the audio information B. The vestigial sideband contains chroma information C. Vestigial sideband reduces bandwidth while allowing for simple video detector circuitry D. Vestigial sideband provides high frequency emphasis to sharpen the picture share/E/E8A040000664000175000017500000000060512644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE8A04 (B) What is "dither" with respect to analog to digital converters? A. An abnormal condition where the converter cannot settle on a value to represent the signal B. A small amount of noise added to the input signal to allow more precise representation of a signal over time C. An error caused by irregular quantization step size D. A method of decimation by randomly skipping samples share/E/E6F110000664000175000017500000000022512644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE6F11 (B) What is the approximate open-circuit voltage produced by a fully-illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell? A. 0.1 V B. 0.5 V C. 1.5 V D. 12 V share/E/E4E050000664000175000017500000000055712644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE4E05 (B) How can noise from an electric motor be suppressed? A. By installing a high pass filter in series with the motor's power leads B. By installing a brute-force AC-line filter in series with the motor leads C. By installing a bypass capacitor in series with the motor leads D. By using a ground-fault current interrupter in the circuit used to power the motor share/E/E5D160000664000175000017500000000023212644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE5D16 (C) What is the power factor of an R-L circuit having a 30 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current? A. 1.73 B. 0.5 C. 0.866 D. 0.577 share/E/E6A050000664000175000017500000000050112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE6A05 (C) What is the alpha of a bipolar junction transistor? A. The change of collector current with respect to base current B. The change of base current with respect to collector current C. The change of collector current with respect to emitter current D. The change of collector current with respect to gate current share/E/E1D060000664000175000017500000000060212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1D06 (A) [97.207] Which of the following is a requirement of a space station? A. The space station must be capable of terminating transmissions by telecommand when directed by the FCC B. The space station must cease all transmissions after 5 years C. The space station must be capable of changing its orbit whenever such a change is ordered by NASA D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E9F010000664000175000017500000000060712644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE9F01 (D) What is the velocity factor of a transmission line? A. The ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to the terminating impedance B. The index of shielding for coaxial cable C. The velocity of the wave in the transmission line multiplied by the velocity of light in a vacuum D. The velocity of the wave in the transmission line divided by the velocity of light in a vacuum share/E/E3B140000664000175000017500000000042512644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE3B14 (C) What happens to linearly polarized radio waves that split into ordinary and extraordinary waves in the ionosphere? A. They are bent toward the magnetic poles B. Their polarization is randomly modified C. They become elliptically polarized D. They become phase-locked share/E/E4A130000664000175000017500000000100212644747227011166 0ustar jtnjtnE4A13 (A) How is the compensation of an oscilloscope probe typically adjusted? A. A square wave is displayed and the probe is adjusted until the horizontal portions of the displayed wave are as nearly flat as possible B. A high frequency sine wave is displayed and the probe is adjusted for maximum amplitude C. A frequency standard is displayed and the probe is adjusted until the deflection time is accurate D. A DC voltage standard is displayed and the probe is adjusted until the displayed voltage is accurate share/E/E7E040000664000175000017500000000043312644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7E04 (A) What is one way a single-sideband phone signal can be generated? A. By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter B. By using a reactance modulator followed by a mixer C. By using a loop modulator followed by a mixer D. By driving a product detector with a DSB signal share/E/E6B090000664000175000017500000000025512644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE6B09 (C) What is a common use for point contact diodes? A. As a constant current source B. As a constant voltage source C. As an RF detector D. As a high voltage rectifier share/E/E4D100000664000175000017500000000111012644747227011166 0ustar jtnjtnE4D10 (C) What does a third-order intercept level of 40 dBm mean with respect to receiver performance? A. Signals less than 40 dBm will not generate audible third-order intermodulation products B. The receiver can tolerate signals up to 40 dB above the noise floor without producing third-order intermodulation products C. A pair of 40 dBm signals will theoretically generate a third-order intermodulation product with the same level as the input signals D. A pair of 1 mW input signals will produce a third-order intermodulation product which is 40 dB stronger than the input signal share/E/E2B130000664000175000017500000000024012644747227011170 0ustar jtnjtnE2B13 (C) How many lines are commonly used in each frame of an amateur slow-scan color television picture? A. 30 or 60 B. 60 or 100 C. 128 or 256 D. 180 or 360 share/E/E7C090000664000175000017500000000036412644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE7C09 (B) What is a Jones filter as used as part of an HF receiver IF stage? A. An automatic notch filter B. A variable bandwidth crystal lattice filter C. A special filter that emphasizes image responses D. A filter that removes impulse noise share/E/E4B030000664000175000017500000000035112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE4B03 (C) If a frequency counter with a specified accuracy of +/- 1.0 ppm reads 146,520,000 Hz, what is the most the actual frequency being measured could differ from the reading? A. 165.2 Hz B. 14.652 kHz C. 146.52 Hz D. 1.4652 MHz share/E/E1F090000664000175000017500000000071312644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE1F09 (D) [97.311] Which of the following conditions apply when transmitting spread spectrum emission? A. A station transmitting SS emission must not cause harmful interference to other stations employing other authorized emissions B. The transmitting station must be in an area regulated by the FCC or in a country that permits SS emissions C. The transmission must not be used to obscure the meaning of any communication D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E2E080000664000175000017500000000020412644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE2E08 (B) Which of the following HF digital modes can be used to transfer binary files? A. Hellschreiber B. PACTOR C. RTTY D. AMTOR share/E/E2A020000664000175000017500000000024712644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE2A02 (A) What is the direction of a descending pass for an amateur satellite? A. From north to south B. From west to east C. From east to west D. From south to north share/E/E6C090000664000175000017500000000051312644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE6C09 (B) What is a Programmable Logic Device (PLD)? A. A device to control industrial equipment B. A programmable collection of logic gates and circuits in a single integrated circuit C. Programmable equipment used for testing digital logic integrated circuits D. An algorithm for simulating logic functions during circuit design share/E/E7F110000664000175000017500000000037512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7F11 (B) What sets the minimum detectable signal level for an SDR in the absence of atmospheric or thermal noise? A. Sample clock phase noise B. Reference voltage level and sample width in bits C. Data storage transfer rate D. Missing codes and jitter share/E/E6D020000664000175000017500000000121512644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6D02 (A) What is the equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal? A. Motional capacitance, motional inductance, and loss resistance in series, all in parallel with a shunt capacitor representing electrode and stray capacitance B. Motional capacitance, motional inductance, loss resistance, and a capacitor representing electrode and stray capacitance all in parallel C. Motional capacitance, motional inductance, loss resistance, and a capacitor representing electrode and stray capacitance all in series D. Motional inductance and loss resistance in series, paralleled with motional capacitance and a capacitor representing electrode and stray capacitance share/E/E1E120000664000175000017500000000050112644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE1E12 (A) [97.509] What must the VE team do with the application form if the examinee does not pass the exam? A. Return the application document to the examinee B. Maintain the application form with the VEC's records C. Send the application form to the FCC and inform the FCC of the grade D. Destroy the application form share/E/E9C130000664000175000017500000000041612644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9C13 (C) What is the main effect of placing a vertical antenna over an imperfect ground? A. It causes increased SWR B. It changes the impedance angle of the matching network C. It reduces low-angle radiation D. It reduces losses in the radiating portion of the antenna share/E/E2D030000664000175000017500000000020612644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE2D03 (D) Which of the following digital modes is especially useful for EME communications? A. FSK441 B. PACTOR III C. Olivia D. JT65 share/E/E8B030000664000175000017500000000033012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE8B03 (A) What is the modulation index of an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency deviation of 3000 Hz either side of the carrier frequency when the modulating frequency is 1000 Hz? A. 3 B. 0.3 C. 3000 D. 1000 share/E/E2A040000664000175000017500000000047712644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE2A04 (B) What is meant by the term mode as applied to an amateur radio satellite? A. The type of signals that can be relayed through the satellite B. The satellite's uplink and downlink frequency bands C. The satellite's orientation with respect to the Earth D. Whether the satellite is in a polar or equatorial orbit share/E/E8D100000664000175000017500000000124712644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE8D10 (B) What are some of the differences between the Baudot digital code and ASCII? A. Baudot uses 4 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot uses 1 character as a letters/figures shift code, ASCII has no letters/figures code B. Baudot uses 5 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot uses 2 characters as letters/figures shift codes, ASCII has no letters/figures shift code C. Baudot uses 6 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes D. Baudot uses 7 data bits per character, ASCII uses 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes share/E/E6D170000664000175000017500000000042612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE6D17 (A) Why should core saturation of a conventional impedance matching transformer be avoided? A. Harmonics and distortion could result B. Magnetic flux would increase with frequency C. RF susceptance would increase D. Temporary changes of the core permeability could result share/E/E6C110000664000175000017500000000015512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE6C11 (C) In Figure E6-5, what is the schematic symbol for the NOT operation (inverter)? A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 share/E/E4A040000664000175000017500000000043012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE4A04 (A) What determines the upper frequency limit for a computer soundcard-based oscilloscope program? A. Analog-to-digital conversion speed of the soundcard B. Amount of memory on the soundcard C. Q of the interface of the interface circuit D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E4C150000664000175000017500000000031712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE4C15 (D) What is usually the primary source of noise that is heard from an HF receiver with an antenna connected? A. Detector noise B. Induction motor noise C. Receiver front-end noise D. Atmospheric noise share/E/E5A160000664000175000017500000000026012644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5A16 (D) What is the resonant frequency of a parallel RLC circuit if R is 33 ohms, L is 50 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads? A. 23.5 MHz B. 23.5 kHz C. 7.12 kHz D. 7.12 MHz share/E/E5A100000664000175000017500000000056313322770641011165 0ustar jtnjtnE5A10 (A) How is the Q of an RLC series resonant circuit calculated? A. Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance divided by the resistance B. Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance times the resistance C. Resistance divided by the reactance of either the inductance or capacitance D. Reactance of the inductance times the reactance of the capacitance share/E/E7A050000664000175000017500000000031612644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7A05 (D) Which of the following is a circuit that continuously alternates between two states without an external clock? A. Monostable multivibrator B. J-K flip-flop C. T flip-flop D. Astable multivibrator share/E/E0A110000664000175000017500000000052412644747227011170 0ustar jtnjtnE0A11 (C) Which of the following injuries can result from using high-power UHF or microwave transmitters? A. Hearing loss caused by high voltage corona discharge B. Blood clotting from the intense magnetic field C. Localized heating of the body from RF exposure in excess of the MPE limits D. Ingestion of ozone gas from the cooling system share/E/E3A110000664000175000017500000000024312644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE3A11 (B) What is a typical range for tropospheric propagation of microwave signals? A. 10 miles to 50 miles B. 100 miles to 300 miles C. 1200 miles D. 2500 miles share/E/E7F070000664000175000017500000000041312644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7F07 (C) What function can a Fast Fourier Transform perform? A. Converting analog signals to digital form B. Converting digital signals to analog form C. Converting digital signals from the time domain to the frequency domain D. Converting 8-bit data to 16 bit data share/E/E9G110000664000175000017500000000043312644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9G11 (B) How are the wavelength scales on a Smith chart calibrated? A. In fractions of transmission line electrical frequency B. In fractions of transmission line electrical wavelength C. In fractions of antenna electrical wavelength D. In fractions of antenna electrical frequency share/E/E7D070000664000175000017500000000033712644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE7D07 (A) What is the purpose of C2 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-3? A. It bypasses hum around D1 B. It is a brute force filter for the output C. To self-resonate at the hum frequency D. To provide fixed DC bias for Q1 share/E/E2D010000664000175000017500000000022512644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2D01 (B) Which of the following digital modes is especially designed for use for meteor scatter signals? A. WSPR B. FSK441 C. Hellschreiber D. APRS share/E/E3B120000664000175000017500000000051512644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE3B12 (B) What is the primary characteristic of chordal hop propagation? A. Propagation away from the great circle bearing between stations B. Successive ionospheric reflections without an intermediate reflection from the ground C. Propagation across the geomagnetic equator D. Signals reflected back toward the transmitting station share/E/E5C070000664000175000017500000000032412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE5C07 (B) What is a vector? A. The value of a quantity that changes over time B. A quantity with both magnitude and an angular component C. The inverse of the tangent function D. The inverse of the sine function share/E/E9B050000664000175000017500000000022112644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE9B05 (A) What type of antenna pattern over real ground is shown in Figure E9-2? A. Elevation B. Azimuth C. Radiation resistance D. Polarization share/E/E7H150000664000175000017500000000041612644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE7H15 (D) Which of these functions can be performed by a phase-locked loop? A. Wide-band AF and RF power amplification B. Comparison of two digital input signals, digital pulse counter C. Photovoltaic conversion, optical coupling D. Frequency synthesis, FM demodulation share/E/E9F070000664000175000017500000000026712644747227011217 0ustar jtnjtnE9F07 (A) How does ladder line compare to small-diameter coaxial cable such as RG-58 at 50 MHz? A. Lower loss B. Higher SWR C. Smaller reflection coefficient D. Lower velocity factor share/E/E6E020000664000175000017500000000016213322770356011171 0ustar jtnjtnE6E02 (A) Which of the following device packages is a through-hole type? A. DIP B. PLCC C. Ball grid array D. SOT share/E/E8A120000664000175000017500000000054112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE8A12 (C) What is an advantage of using digital signals instead of analog signals to convey the same information? A. Less complex circuitry is required for digital signal generation and detection B. Digital signals always occupy a narrower bandwidth C. Digital signals can be regenerated multiple times without error D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E6D110000664000175000017500000000031112644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE6D11 (C) How many turns will be required to produce a 1-mH inductor using a core that has an inductance index (A L) value of 523 millihenrys/1000 turns? A. 2 turns B. 4 turns C. 43 turns D. 229 turns share/E/E9E080000664000175000017500000000035112644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9E08 (D) Which of the following measurements is characteristic of a mismatched transmission line? A. An SWR less than 1:1 B. A reflection coefficient greater than 1 C. A dielectric constant greater than 1 D. An SWR greater than 1:1 share/E/E6F030000664000175000017500000000035212644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE6F03 (D) What is the most common configuration of an optoisolator or optocoupler? A. A lens and a photomultiplier B. A frequency modulated helium-neon laser C. An amplitude modulated helium-neon laser D. An LED and a phototransistor share/E/E9E010000664000175000017500000000051512644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE9E01 (B) What system matches a higher impedance transmission line to a lower impedance antenna by connecting the line to the driven element in two places spaced a fraction of a wavelength each side of element center? A. The gamma matching system B. The delta matching system C. The omega matching system D. The stub matching system share/E/E2B180000664000175000017500000000022012644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE2B18 (D) On which of the following frequencies is one likely to find FM ATV transmissions? A. 14.230 MHz B. 29.6 MHz C. 52.525 MHz D. 1255 MHz share/E/E1B020000664000175000017500000000073612644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE1B02 (D) [97.13] Which of the following factors might cause the physical location of an amateur station apparatus or antenna structure to be restricted? A. The location is near an area of political conflict B. The location is of geographical or horticultural importance C. The location is in an ITU Zone designated for coordination with one or more foreign governments D. The location is of environmental importance or significant in American history, architecture, or culture share/E/E1C030000664000175000017500000000067212644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1C03 (B) [97.3, 97.109] How do the control operator responsibilities of a station under automatic control differ from one under local control? A. Under local control there is no control operator B. Under automatic control the control operator is not required to be present at the control point C. Under automatic control there is no control operator D. Under local control a control operator is not required to be present at a control point share/E/E6D160000664000175000017500000000034112644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE6D16 (D) What is the common name for a capacitor connected across a transformer secondary that is used to absorb transient voltage spikes? A. Clipper capacitor B. Trimmer capacitor C. Feedback capacitor D. Snubber capacitor share/E/E4D080000664000175000017500000000024312644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE4D08 (C) What causes intermodulation in an electronic circuit? A. Too little gain B. Lack of neutralization C. Nonlinear circuits or devices D. Positive feedback share/E/E4A010000664000175000017500000000027712644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4A01 (C) Which of the following parameter determines the bandwidth of a digital or computer-based oscilloscope? A. Input capacitance B. Input impedance C. Sampling rate D. Sample resolution share/E/E3A150000664000175000017500000000056312644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE3A15 (C) What is an electromagnetic wave? A. A wave of alternating current, in the core of an electromagnet B. A wave consisting of two electric fields at parallel right angles to each other C. A wave consisting of an electric field and a magnetic field oscillating at right angles to each other D. A wave consisting of two magnetic fields at right angles to each other share/E/E9G100000664000175000017500000000022012644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE9G10 (D) What do the arcs on a Smith chart represent? A. Frequency B. SWR C. Points with constant resistance D. Points with constant reactance share/E/E3B020000664000175000017500000000022712644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE3B02 (C) What is the approximate maximum range for signals using transequatorial propagation? A. 1000 miles B. 2500 miles C. 5000 miles D. 7500 miles share/E/E7F150000664000175000017500000000061212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7F15 (A) Which of the following is an advantage of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter vs an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) digital filter? A. FIR filters delay all frequency components of the signal by the same amount B. FIR filters are easier to implement for a given set of passband rolloff requirements C. FIR filters can respond faster to impulses D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E1A080000664000175000017500000000074312644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1A08 (B) [97.219] If a station in a message forwarding system inadvertently forwards a message that is in violation of FCC rules, who is primarily accountable for the rules violation? A. The control operator of the packet bulletin board station B. The control operator of the originating station C. The control operators of all the stations in the system D. The control operators of all the stations in the system not authenticating the source from which they accept communications share/E/E6F040000664000175000017500000000042112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE6F04 (B) What is the photovoltaic effect? A. The conversion of voltage to current when exposed to light B. The conversion of light to electrical energy C. The conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy D. The tendency of a battery to discharge when used outside share/E/E4D030000664000175000017500000000100512644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4D03 (B) How can intermodulation interference between two repeaters occur? A. When the repeaters are in close proximity and the signals cause feedback in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters B. When the repeaters are in close proximity and the signals mix in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters C. When the signals from the transmitters are reflected out of phase from airplanes passing overhead D. When the signals from the transmitters are reflected in phase from airplanes passing overhead share/E/E1C120000664000175000017500000000057612644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE1C12 (C) [97.117] What types of communications may be transmitted to amateur stations in foreign countries? A. Business-related messages for non-profit organizations B. Messages intended for connection to users of the maritime satellite service C. Communications incidental to the purpose of the amateur service and remarks of a personal nature D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5A120000664000175000017500000000026512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE5A12 (C) What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit that has a resonant frequency of 3.7 MHz and a Q of 118? A. 436.6 kHz B. 218.3 kHz C. 31.4 kHz D. 15.7 kHz share/E/E6B100000664000175000017500000000014712644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6B10 (B) In Figure E6-3, what is the schematic symbol for a light-emitting diode? A. 1 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 share/E/E9D090000664000175000017500000000030312644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9D09 (D) What is the function of a loading coil used as part of an HF mobile antenna? A. To increase the SWR bandwidth B. To lower the losses C. To lower the Q D. To cancel capacitive reactance share/E/E5C140000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5C14 (B) Which point on Figure E5-2 best represents the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a 400 ohm resistor and a 38 picofarad capacitor at 14 MHz? A. Point 2 B. Point 4 C. Point 5 D. Point 6 share/E/E0A090000664000175000017500000000040312644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE0A09 (C) Which insulating material commonly used as a thermal conductor for some types of electronic devices is extremely toxic if broken or crushed and the particles are accidentally inhaled? A. Mica B. Zinc oxide C. Beryllium Oxide D. Uranium Hexafluoride share/E/E1B010000664000175000017500000000074612644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE1B01 (D) [97.3] Which of the following constitutes a spurious emission? A. An amateur station transmission made at random without the proper call sign identification B. A signal transmitted to prevent its detection by any station other than the intended recipient C. Any transmitted signal that unintentionally interferes with another licensed radio station D. An emission outside its necessary bandwidth that can be reduced or eliminated without affecting the information transmitted share/E/E8B060000664000175000017500000000030712644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE8B06 (A) What is the deviation ratio of an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 7.5 kHz when the maximum modulation frequency is 3.5 kHz? A. 2.14 B. 0.214 C. 0.47 D. 47 share/E/E9A100000664000175000017500000000042712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE9A10 (A) Which of the following choices is a way to improve the efficiency of a ground-mounted quarter-wave vertical antenna? A. Install a good radial system B. Isolate the coax shield from ground C. Shorten the radiating element D. Reduce the diameter of the radiating element share/E/E8B010000664000175000017500000000037212644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE8B01 (D) What is the term for the ratio between the frequency deviation of an RF carrier wave and the modulating frequency of its corresponding FM-phone signal? A. FM compressibility B. Quieting index C. Percentage of modulation D. Modulation index share/E/E4A140000664000175000017500000000063012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE4A14 (D) What is the purpose of the prescaler function on a frequency counter? A. It amplifies low level signals for more accurate counting B. It multiplies a higher frequency signal so a low-frequency counter can display the operating frequency C. It prevents oscillation in a low-frequency counter circuit D. It divides a higher frequency signal so a low-frequency counter can display the input frequency share/E/E0A050000664000175000017500000000054612644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE0A05 (B) What is one of the potential hazards of using microwaves in the amateur radio bands? A. Microwaves are ionizing radiation B. The high gain antennas commonly used can result in high exposure levels C. Microwaves often travel long distances by ionospheric reflection D. The extremely high frequency energy can damage the joints of antenna structures share/E/E4E100000664000175000017500000000067312644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE4E10 (D) What is a common characteristic of interference caused by a touch controlled electrical device? A. The interfering signal sounds like AC hum on an AM receiver or a carrier modulated by 60 Hz hum on a SSB or CW receiver B. The interfering signal may drift slowly across the HF spectrum C. The interfering signal can be several kHz in width and usually repeats at regular intervals across a HF band D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E3C130000664000175000017500000000017512644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE3C13 (A) What type of polarization is best for ground-wave propagation? A. Vertical B. Horizontal C. Circular D. Elliptical share/E/E8B070000664000175000017500000000034612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE8B07 (A) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a technique used for which type of amateur communication? A. High speed digital modes B. Extremely low-power contacts C. EME D. OFDM signals are not allowed on amateur bands share/E/E9E020000664000175000017500000000046212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9E02 (A) What is the name of an antenna matching system that matches an unbalanced feed line to an antenna by feeding the driven element both at the center of the element and at a fraction of a wavelength to one side of center? A. The gamma match B. The delta match C. The epsilon match D. The stub match share/E/E9F120000664000175000017500000000042712644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9F12 (D) What impedance does a 1/4 wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is open at the far end? A. The same as the characteristic impedance of the line B. The same as the input impedance to the generator C. Very high impedance D. Very low impedance share/E/E7E050000664000175000017500000000030012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE7E05 (D) What circuit is added to an FM transmitter to boost the higher audio frequencies? A. A de-emphasis network B. A heterodyne suppressor C. An audio prescaler D. A pre-emphasis network share/E/E9F080000664000175000017500000000035712644747227011220 0ustar jtnjtnE9F08 (A) What is the term for the ratio of the actual speed at which a signal travels through a transmission line to the speed of light in a vacuum? A. Velocity factor B. Characteristic impedance C. Surge impedance D. Standing wave ratio share/E/E3C150000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE3C15 (B) What might a sudden rise in radio background noise indicate? A. A meteor ping B. A solar flare has occurred C. Increased transequatorial propagation likely D. Long-path propagation is occurring share/E/E4D020000664000175000017500000000076712644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE4D02 (A) Which of the following describes two problems caused by poor dynamic range in a communications receiver? A. Cross-modulation of the desired signal and desensitization from strong adjacent signals B. Oscillator instability requiring frequent retuning and loss of ability to recover the opposite sideband C. Cross-modulation of the desired signal and insufficient audio power to operate the speaker D. Oscillator instability and severe audio distortion of all but the strongest received signals share/E/E6E010000664000175000017500000000045012644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6E01 (C) Which of the following is true of a charge-coupled device (CCD)? A. Its phase shift changes rapidly with frequency B. It is a CMOS analog-to-digital converter C. It samples an analog signal and passes it in stages from the input to the output D. It is used in a battery charger circuit share/E/E7B090000664000175000017500000000133313322770077011177 0ustar jtnjtnE7B09 (D) Which of the following describes how the loading and tuning capacitors are to be adjusted when tuning a vacuum tube RF power amplifier that employs a Pi-network output circuit? A. The loading capacitor is set to maximum capacitance and the tuning capacitor is adjusted for minimum allowable plate current B. The tuning capacitor is set to maximum capacitance and the loading capacitor is adjusted for minimum plate permissible current C. The loading capacitor is adjusted to minimum plate current while alternately adjusting the tuning capacitor for maximum allowable plate current D. The tuning capacitor is adjusted for minimum plate current, and the loading capacitor is adjusted for maximum permissible plate current share/E/E2A130000664000175000017500000000017312644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE2A13 (B) What type of satellite appears to stay in one position in the sky? A. HEO B. Geostationary C. Geomagnetic D. LEO share/E/E3B080000664000175000017500000000030312644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE3B08 (D) What type of HF propagation is probably occurring if radio signals travel along the terminator between daylight and darkness? A. Transequatorial B. Sporadic-E C. Long-path D. Gray-line share/E/E2E100000664000175000017500000000021012644747227011165 0ustar jtnjtnE2E10 (C) Which of these digital modes has the narrowest bandwidth? A. MFSK16 B. 170 Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY C. PSK31 D. 300-baud packet share/E/E1B100000664000175000017500000000051312644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE1B10 (A) [97.407] What frequencies are authorized to an amateur station operating under RACES rules? A. All amateur service frequencies authorized to the control operator B. Specific segments in the amateur service MF, HF, VHF and UHF bands C. Specific local government channels D. Military Auxiliary Radio System (MARS) channels share/E/E8B090000664000175000017500000000061512644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE8B09 (B) What is meant by deviation ratio? A. The ratio of the audio modulating frequency to the center carrier frequency B. The ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the highest audio modulating frequency C. The ratio of the carrier center frequency to the audio modulating frequency D. The ratio of the highest audio modulating frequency to the average audio modulating frequency share/E/E9C010000664000175000017500000000042212644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE9C01 (D) What is the radiation pattern of two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/2-wavelength apart and fed 180 degrees out of phase? A. Cardioid B. Omni-directional C. A figure-8 broadside to the axis of the array D. A figure-8 oriented along the axis of the array share/E/E2E110000664000175000017500000000043412644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2E11 (A) What is the difference between direct FSK and audio FSK? A. Direct FSK applies the data signal to the transmitter VFO B. Audio FSK has a superior frequency response C. Direct FSK uses a DC-coupled data connection D. Audio FSK can be performed anywhere in the transmit chain share/E/E7D140000664000175000017500000000043612644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7D14 (C) What is one purpose of a "bleeder" resistor in a conventional unregulated power supply? A. To cut down on waste heat generated by the power supply B. To balance the low-voltage filament windings C. To improve output voltage regulation D. To boost the amount of output current share/E/E9F130000664000175000017500000000044112644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9F13 (A) What impedance does a 1/4 wavelength transmission line present to a generator when the line is shorted at the far end? A. Very high impedance B. Very low impedance C. The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line D. The same as the generator output impedance share/E/E9C080000664000175000017500000000035612644747227011214 0ustar jtnjtnE9C08 (C) What is a folded dipole antenna? A. A dipole one-quarter wavelength long B. A type of ground-plane antenna C. A dipole consisting of one wavelength of wire forming a very thin loop D. A dipole configured to provide forward gain share/E/E7C020000664000175000017500000000033712644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7C02 (C) Which of the following is a property of a T-network with series capacitors and a parallel shunt inductor? A. It is a low-pass filter B. It is a band-pass filter C. It is a high-pass filter D. It is a notch filter share/E/E4B100000664000175000017500000000116712644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4B10 (B) Which of the following describes a method to measure intermodulation distortion in an SSB transmitter? A. Modulate the transmitter with two non-harmonically related radio frequencies and observe the RF output with a spectrum analyzer B. Modulate the transmitter with two non-harmonically related audio frequencies and observe the RF output with a spectrum analyzer C. Modulate the transmitter with two harmonically related audio frequencies and observe the RF output with a peak reading wattmeter D. Modulate the transmitter with two harmonically related audio frequencies and observe the RF output with a logic analyzer share/E/E2C070000664000175000017500000000037612644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE2C07 (A) What is the Cabrillo format? A. A standard for submission of electronic contest logs B. A method of exchanging information during a contest QSO C. The most common set of contest rules D. The rules of order for meetings between contest sponsors share/E/E5C020000664000175000017500000000024612644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE5C02 (C) How are impedances described in polar coordinates? A. By X and R values B. By real and imaginary parts C. By phase angle and amplitude D. By Y and G values share/E/E1C010000664000175000017500000000042612644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE1C01 (D) [97.3] What is a remotely controlled station? A. A station operated away from its regular home location B. A station controlled by someone other than the licensee C. A station operating under automatic control D. A station controlled indirectly through a control link share/E/E2D090000664000175000017500000000026112644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE2D09 (D) Which of these digital modes has the fastest data throughput under clear communication conditions? A. AMTOR B. 170 Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY C. PSK31 D. 300 baud packet share/E/E2C100000664000175000017500000000053112644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE2C10 (D) Why might a DX station state that they are listening on another frequency? A. Because the DX station may be transmitting on a frequency that is prohibited to some responding stations B. To separate the calling stations from the DX station C. To improve operating efficiency by reducing interference D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E2C050000664000175000017500000000043412644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE2C05 (B) What is the function of a DX QSL Manager? A. To allocate frequencies for DXpeditions B. To handle the receiving and sending of confirmation cards for a DX station C. To run a net to allow many stations to contact a rare DX station D. To relay calls to and from a DX station share/E/E7F020000664000175000017500000000034712644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7F02 (A) What kind of digital signal processing audio filter is used to remove unwanted noise from a received SSB signal? A. An adaptive filter B. A crystal-lattice filter C. A Hilbert-transform filter D. A phase-inverting filter share/E/E9C030000664000175000017500000000040412644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE9C03 (C) What is the radiation pattern of two 1/4 wavelength vertical antennas spaced a 1/2 wavelength apart and fed in phase? A. Omni-directional B. Cardioid C. A Figure-8 broadside to the axis of the array D. A Figure-8 end-fire along the axis of the array share/E/E7B150000664000175000017500000000034012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE7B15 (C) What is one way to prevent thermal runaway in a bipolar transistor amplifier? A. Neutralization B. Select transistors with high beta C. Use a resistor in series with the emitter D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7B030000664000175000017500000000054112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE7B03 (A) Which of the following components form the output of a class D amplifier circuit? A. A low-pass filter to remove switching signal components B. A high-pass filter to compensate for low gain at low frequencies C. A matched load resistor to prevent damage by switching transients D. A temperature compensating load resistor to improve linearity share/E/E5C080000664000175000017500000000034712644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE5C08 (D) What coordinate system is often used to display the phase angle of a circuit containing resistance, inductive and/or capacitive reactance? A. Maidenhead grid B. Faraday grid C. Elliptical coordinates D. Polar coordinates share/E/E6D010000664000175000017500000000035012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE6D01 (A) How many turns will be required to produce a 5-microhenry inductor using a powdered-iron toroidal core that has an inductance index (A L) value of 40 microhenrys/100 turns? A. 35 turns B. 13 turns C. 79 turns D. 141 turns share/E/E2E040000664000175000017500000000045412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE2E04 (A) What is indicated when one of the ellipses in an FSK crossed-ellipse display suddenly disappears? A. Selective fading has occurred B. One of the signal filters is saturated C. The receiver has drifted 5 kHz from the desired receive frequency D. The mark and space signal have been inverted share/E/E5C100000664000175000017500000000043212644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE5C10 (B) When using rectangular coordinates to graph the impedance of a circuit, what does the vertical axis represent? A. Resistive component B. Reactive component C. The sum of the reactive and resistive components D. The difference between the resistive and reactive components share/E/E4A110000664000175000017500000000047712644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE4A11 (A) Which of the following is good practice when using an oscilloscope probe? A. Keep the signal ground connection of the probe as short as possible B. Never use a high impedance probe to measure a low impedance circuit C. Never use a DC-coupled probe to measure an AC circuit D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E2D020000664000175000017500000000050612644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE2D02 (D) Which of the following is a good technique for making meteor scatter contacts? A. 15 second timed transmission sequences with stations alternating based on location B. Use of high speed CW or digital modes C. Short transmission with rapidly repeated call signs and signal reports D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5A030000664000175000017500000000042012644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE5A03 (D) What is the magnitude of the impedance of a series RLC circuit at resonance? A. High, as compared to the circuit resistance B. Approximately equal to capacitive reactance C. Approximately equal to inductive reactance D. Approximately equal to circuit resistance share/E/E6B130000664000175000017500000000020112644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE6B13 (B) What type of bias is required for an LED to emit light? A. Reverse bias B. Forward bias C. Zero bias D. Inductive bias share/E/E6F070000664000175000017500000000044313322770206011173 0ustar jtnjtnE6F07 (B) What is a solid state relay? A. A relay using transistors to drive the relay coil B. A device that uses semiconductors to implement the functions of an electromechanical relay C. A mechanical relay that latches in the on or off state each time it is pulsed D. A passive delay line share/E/E1C050000664000175000017500000000047313322771467011176 0ustar jtnjtnE1C05 (A) [97.221(c)(1),[97.115(c)] When may an automatically controlled station originate third party communications? A. Never B. Only when transmitting RTTY or data emissions C. When agreed upon by the sending or receiving station D. When approved by the National Telecommunication and Information Administration share/E/E1E030000664000175000017500000000066312644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1E03 (C) [97.521] What is a Volunteer Examiner Coordinator? A. A person who has volunteered to administer amateur operator license examinations B. A person who has volunteered to prepare amateur operator license examinations C. An organization that has entered into an agreement with the FCC to coordinate amateur operator license examinations D. The person who has entered into an agreement with the FCC to be the VE session manager share/E/E2A010000664000175000017500000000024712644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE2A01 (C) What is the direction of an ascending pass for an amateur satellite? A. From west to east B. From east to west C. From south to north D. From north to south share/E/E5B110000664000175000017500000000055212644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5B11 (B) What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through a series RLC circuit if XC is 25 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and XL is 50 ohms? A. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current B. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current C. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current D. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current share/E/E9G070000664000175000017500000000025612644747227011216 0ustar jtnjtnE9G07 (D) On the Smith chart shown in Figure E9-3, what is the only straight line shown? A. The reactance axis B. The current axis C. The voltage axis D. The resistance axis share/E/E4E060000664000175000017500000000022312644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4E06 (B) What is a major cause of atmospheric static? A. Solar radio frequency emissions B. Thunderstorms C. Geomagnetic storms D. Meteor showers share/E/E9B140000664000175000017500000000041412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE9B14 (D) What type of information can be obtained by submitting the details of a proposed new antenna to a modeling program? A. SWR vs frequency charts B. Polar plots of the far field elevation and azimuth patterns C. Antenna gain D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E1B040000664000175000017500000000074012644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE1B04 (C) [97.13, 1.1305-1.1319] What must be done before placing an amateur station within an officially designated wilderness area or wildlife preserve, or an area listed in the National Register of Historical Places? A. A proposal must be submitted to the National Park Service B. A letter of intent must be filed with the National Audubon Society C. An Environmental Assessment must be submitted to the FCC D. A form FSD-15 must be submitted to the Department of the Interior share/E/E5B090000664000175000017500000000042512644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE5B09 (D) What is the relationship between the current through a capacitor and the voltage across a capacitor? A. Voltage and current are in phase B. Voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase C. Voltage leads current by 90 degrees D. Current leads voltage by 90 degrees share/E/E5C040000664000175000017500000000027512644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE5C04 (D) Which of the following represents a capacitive reactance in polar coordinates? A. A positive real part B. A negative real part C. A positive phase angle D. A negative phase angle share/E/E7H080000664000175000017500000000030212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7H08 (A) Which of the following components can be used to reduce thermal drift in crystal oscillators? A. NP0 capacitors B. Toroidal inductors C. Wirewound resistors D. Non-inductive resistors share/E/E1D070000664000175000017500000000042412644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1D07 (A) [97.207] Which amateur service HF bands have frequencies authorized for space stations? A. Only the 40 m, 20 m, 17 m, 15 m, 12 m and 10 m bands B. Only the 40 m, 20 m, 17 m, 15 m and 10 m bands C. Only the 40 m, 30 m, 20 m, 15 m, 12 m and 10 m bands D. All HF bands share/E/E8C060000664000175000017500000000021012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE8C06 (C) What is the necessary bandwidth of a 170-hertz shift, 300-baud ASCII transmission? A. 0.1 Hz B. 0.3 kHz C. 0.5 kHz D. 1.0 kHz share/E/E1A120000664000175000017500000000071512644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE1A12 (C) [97.301, 97.305] With your transceiver displaying the carrier frequency of CW signals, you hear a DX station's CQ on 3.500 MHz. Is it legal to return the call using CW on the same frequency? A. Yes, the DX station initiated the contact B. Yes, the displayed frequency is within the 80 meter CW band segment C. No, one of the sidebands of the CW signal will be out of the band D. No, U.S. stations are not permitted to use CW emissions below 3.525 MHz share/E/E2D080000664000175000017500000000022012644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE2D08 (A) What type of packet frame is used to transmit APRS beacon data? A. Unnumbered Information B. Disconnect C. Acknowledgement D. Connect share/E/E7B060000664000175000017500000000021612644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE7B06 (B) Which of the following amplifier types reduces or eliminates even order harmonics? A. Push-push B. Push-pull C. Class C D. Class AB share/E/E6B030000664000175000017500000000020712644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE6B03 (C) What special type of diode is capable of both amplification and oscillation? A. Point contact B. Zener C. Tunnel D. Junction share/E/E2B020000664000175000017500000000015412644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE2B02 (C) How many horizontal lines make up a fast-scan (NTSC) television frame? A. 30 B. 60 C. 525 D. 1080 share/E/E3A040000664000175000017500000000031612644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE3A04 (D) What do Hepburn maps predict? A. Sporadic E propagation B. Locations of auroral reflecting zones C. Likelihood of rain-scatter along cold or warm fronts D. Probability of tropospheric propagation share/E/E9C040000664000175000017500000000044312644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9C04 (B) What happens to the radiation pattern of an unterminated long wire antenna as the wire length is increased? A. The lobes become more perpendicular to the wire B. The lobes align more in the direction of the wire C. The vertical angle increases D. The front-to-back ratio decreases share/E/E4A060000664000175000017500000000035512644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE4A06 (A) What is the effect of aliasing in a digital or computer-based oscilloscope? A. False signals are displayed B. All signals will have a DC offset C. Calibration of the vertical scale is no longer valid D. False triggering occurs share/E/E7D100000664000175000017500000000103312644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE7D10 (C) What is the primary reason that a high-frequency switching type high voltage power supply can be both less expensive and lighter in weight than a conventional power supply? A. The inverter design does not require any output filtering B. It uses a diode bridge rectifier for increased output C. The high frequency inverter design uses much smaller transformers and filter components for an equivalent power output D. It uses a large power factor compensation capacitor to create free power from the unused portion of the AC cycle share/E/E1E020000664000175000017500000000037712644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE1E02 (C) [97.523] Where are the questions for all written U.S. amateur license examinations listed? A. In FCC Part 97 B. In a question pool maintained by the FCC C. In a question pool maintained by all the VECs D. In the appropriate FCC Report and Order share/E/E7D010000664000175000017500000000051612644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE7D01 (D) What is one characteristic of a linear electronic voltage regulator? A. It has a ramp voltage as its output B. It eliminates the need for a pass transistor C. The control element duty cycle is proportional to the line or load conditions D. The conduction of a control element is varied to maintain a constant output voltage share/E/E4B120000664000175000017500000000115713322770744011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4B12 (A) What is the significance of voltmeter sensitivity expressed in ohms per volt? A. The full scale reading of the voltmeter multiplied by its ohms per volt rating will indicate the input impedance of the voltmeter B. When used as a galvanometer, the reading in volts multiplied by the ohms volt rating will determine the power drawn by the device under test C. When used as an ohmmeter, the reading in ohms divided by the ohms volt rating will determine the voltage applied to the circuit D. When used as an ammeter, the full scale reading in amps divided by ohms volt rating will determine the size of shunt needed share/E/E9C050000664000175000017500000000056412644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9C05 (A) What is an OCFD antenna? A. A dipole feed approximately 1/3 the way from one end with a 4:1 balun to provide multiband operation B. A remotely tunable dipole antenna using orthogonally controlled frequency diversity C. An eight band dipole antenna using octophase filters D. A multiband dipole antenna using one-way circular polarization for frequency diversity share/E/E4A030000664000175000017500000000036012644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4A03 (B) Which of the following test instrument is used to display spurious signals and/or intermodulation distortion products in an SSB transmitter? A. A wattmeter B. A spectrum analyzer C. A logic analyzer D. A time-domain reflectometer share/E/E5D140000664000175000017500000000030112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE5D14 (A) What is reactive power? A. Wattless, nonproductive power B. Power consumed in wire resistance in an inductor C. Power lost because of capacitor leakage D. Power consumed in circuit Q share/E/E9G030000664000175000017500000000035312644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9G03 (C) Which of the following is often determined using a Smith chart? A. Beam headings and radiation patterns B. Satellite azimuth and elevation bearings C. Impedance and SWR values in transmission lines D. Trigonometric functions share/E/E3B090000664000175000017500000000045312644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE3B09 (A) At what time of year is Sporadic E propagation most likely to occur? A. Around the solstices, especially the summer solstice B. Around the solstices, especially the winter solstice C. Around the equinoxes, especially the spring equinox D. Around the equinoxes, especially the fall equinox share/E/E9H110000664000175000017500000000027512644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE9H11 (B) What characteristic of a cardioid pattern antenna is useful for direction finding? A. A very sharp peak B. A very sharp single null C. Broad band response D. High-radiation angle share/E/E9E070000664000175000017500000000030712644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9E07 (B) What term best describes the interactions at the load end of a mismatched transmission line? A. Characteristic impedance B. Reflection coefficient C. Velocity factor D. Dielectric constant share/E/E4D050000664000175000017500000000043212644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4D05 (A) What transmitter frequencies would cause an intermodulation-product signal in a receiver tuned to 146.70 MHz when a nearby station transmits on 146.52 MHz? A. 146.34 MHz and 146.61 MHz B. 146.88 MHz and 146.34 MHz C. 146.10 MHz and 147.30 MHz D. 173.35 MHz and 139.40 MHz share/E/E3B040000664000175000017500000000052312644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE3B04 (B) What is meant by the terms extraordinary and ordinary waves? A. Extraordinary waves describe rare long skip propagation compared to ordinary waves which travel shorter distances B. Independent waves created in the ionosphere that are elliptically polarized C. Long path and short path waves D. Refracted rays and reflected waves share/E/E6D070000664000175000017500000000053112644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE6D07 (B) What is the usable frequency range of inductors that use toroidal cores, assuming a correct selection of core material for the frequency being used? A. From a few kHz to no more than 30 MHz B. From less than 20 Hz to approximately 300 MHz C. From approximately 10 Hz to no more than 3000 kHz D. From about 100 kHz to at least 1000 GHz share/E/E5C170000664000175000017500000000035512644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE5C17 (D) Which point on Figure E5-2 best represents the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a 300 ohm resistor, a 0.64-microhenry inductor and an 85-picofarad capacitor at 24.900 MHz? A. Point 1 B. Point 3 C. Point 5 D. Point 8 share/E/E6B010000664000175000017500000000044112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE6B01 (B) What is the most useful characteristic of a Zener diode? A. A constant current drop under conditions of varying voltage B. A constant voltage drop under conditions of varying current C. A negative resistance region D. An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage share/E/E9H050000664000175000017500000000034612644747227011215 0ustar jtnjtnE9H05 (A) What is the main drawback of a wire-loop antenna for direction finding? A. It has a bidirectional pattern B. It is non-rotatable C. It receives equally well in all directions D. It is practical for use only on VHF bands share/E/E7H110000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7H11 (C) What are the major spectral impurity components of direct digital synthesizers? A. Broadband noise B. Digital conversion noise C. Spurious signals at discrete frequencies D. Nyquist limit noise share/E/E1F050000664000175000017500000000037112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE1F05 (D) [97.303] Amateur stations may not transmit in which of the following frequency segments if they are located in the contiguous 48 states and north of Line A? A. 440 MHz - 450 MHz B. 53 MHz - 54 MHz C. 222 MHz - 223 MHz D. 420 MHz - 430 MHz share/E/E9C140000664000175000017500000000064112644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9C14 (B) How does the performance of a horizontally polarized antenna mounted on the side of a hill compare with the same antenna mounted on flat ground? A. The main lobe takeoff angle increases in the downhill direction B. The main lobe takeoff angle decreases in the downhill direction C. The horizontal beam width decreases in the downhill direction D. The horizontal beam width increases in the uphill direction share/E/E6C060000664000175000017500000000054612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE6C06 (C) Why do CMOS digital integrated circuits have high immunity to noise on the input signal or power supply? A. Larger bypass capacitors are used in CMOS circuit design B. The input switching threshold is about two times the power supply voltage C. The input switching threshold is about one-half the power supply voltage D. Input signals are stronger share/E/E7G120000664000175000017500000000070212644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7G12 (A) What is an integrated circuit operational amplifier? A. A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier with very high input impedance and very low output impedance B. A digital audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components external to the amplifier C. An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit D. A RF amplifier used in the UHF and microwave regions share/E/E4A080000664000175000017500000000025512644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE4A08 (D) Which of the following instrument would be best for measuring the SWR of a beam antenna? A. A spectrum analyzer B. A Q meter C. An ohmmeter D. An antenna analyzer share/E/E6D130000664000175000017500000000024112644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6D13 (A) What is the primary cause of inductor self-resonance? A. Inter-turn capacitance B. The skin effect C. Inductive kickback D. Non-linear core hysteresis share/E/E8D040000664000175000017500000000031312644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE8D04 (C) What is the primary effect of extremely short rise or fall time on a CW signal? A. More difficult to copy B. The generation of RF harmonics C. The generation of key clicks D. Limits data speed share/E/E4D140000664000175000017500000000037412644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE4D14 (A) Which of the following is a way to reduce the likelihood of receiver desensitization? A. Decrease the RF bandwidth of the receiver B. Raise the receiver IF frequency C. Increase the receiver front end gain D. Switch from fast AGC to slow AGC share/E/E2B110000664000175000017500000000046612644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2B11 (B) What is the function of the Vertical Interval Signaling (VIS) code sent as part of an SSTV transmission? A. To lock the color burst oscillator in color SSTV images B. To identify the SSTV mode being used C. To provide vertical synchronization D. To identify the call sign of the station transmitting share/E/E5D060000664000175000017500000000045012644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE5D06 (D) In what direction is the magnetic field oriented about a conductor in relation to the direction of electron flow? A. In the same direction as the current B. In a direction opposite to the current C. In all directions; omni-directional D. In a direction determined by the left-hand rule share/E/E5A050000664000175000017500000000024112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE5A05 (B) What is the magnitude of the current at the input of a series RLC circuit as the frequency goes through resonance? A. Minimum B. Maximum C. R/L D. L/R share/E/E2C040000664000175000017500000000041612644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2C04 (A) What type of transmission is most often used for a ham radio mesh network? A. Spread spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band B. Multiple Frequency Shift Keying in the 10 GHz band C. Store and forward on the 440 MHz band D. Frequency division multiplex in the 24 GHz band share/E/E1F120000664000175000017500000000042512644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE1F12 (B) [97.201] Who may be the control operator of an auxiliary station? A. Any licensed amateur operator B. Only Technician, General, Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operators C. Only General, Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operators D. Only Amateur Extra Class operators share/E/E9A050000664000175000017500000000042312644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE9A05 (D) What is included in the total resistance of an antenna system? A. Radiation resistance plus space impedance B. Radiation resistance plus transmission resistance C. Transmission-line resistance plus radiation resistance D. Radiation resistance plus ohmic resistance share/E/E7H090000664000175000017500000000043712644747227011220 0ustar jtnjtnE7H09 (A) What type of frequency synthesizer circuit uses a phase accumulator, lookup table, digital to analog converter, and a low-pass anti-alias filter? A. A direct digital synthesizer B. A hybrid synthesizer C. A phase locked loop synthesizer D. A diode-switching matrix synthesizer share/E/E6D050000664000175000017500000000056312644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE6D05 (C) What is one reason for using ferrite cores rather than powdered-iron in an inductor? A. Ferrite toroids generally have lower initial permeability B. Ferrite toroids generally have better temperature stability C. Ferrite toroids generally require fewer turns to produce a given inductance value D. Ferrite toroids are easier to use with surface mount technology share/E/E8A010000664000175000017500000000032712644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE8A01 (A) What is the name of the process that shows that a square wave is made up of a sine wave plus all of its odd harmonics? A. Fourier analysis B. Vector analysis C. Numerical analysis D. Differential analysis share/E/E4A100000664000175000017500000000025612644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE4A10 (D) Which of the following displays multiple digital signal states simultaneously? A. Network analyzer B. Bit error rate tester C. Modulation monitor D. Logic analyzer share/E/E4E160000664000175000017500000000027612644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE4E16 (B) What current flows equally on all conductors of an unshielded multi-conductor cable? A. Differential-mode current B. Common-mode current C. Reactive current only D. Return current share/E/E9D070000664000175000017500000000026412644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9D07 (D) What is an advantage of using top loading in a shortened HF vertical antenna? A. Lower Q B. Greater structural strength C. Higher losses D. Improved radiation efficiency share/E/E5D150000664000175000017500000000023112644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5D15 (D) What is the power factor of an R-L circuit having a 45 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current? A. 0.866 B. 1.0 C. 0.5 D. 0.707 share/E/E4E120000664000175000017500000000073012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE4E12 (A) What is one disadvantage of using some types of automatic DSP notch-filters when attempting to copy CW signals? A. A DSP filter can remove the desired signal at the same time as it removes interfering signals B. Any nearby signal passing through the DSP system will overwhelm the desired signal C. Received CW signals will appear to be modulated at the DSP clock frequency D. Ringing in the DSP filter will completely remove the spaces between the CW characters share/E/E9C070000664000175000017500000000023012644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE9C07 (A) What is the approximate feed point impedance at the center of a two-wire folded dipole antenna? A. 300 ohms B. 72 ohms C. 50 ohms D. 450 ohms share/E/E5A130000664000175000017500000000037412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE5A13 (C) What is an effect of increasing Q in a resonant circuit? A. Fewer components are needed for the same performance B. Parasitic effects are minimized C. Internal voltages and circulating currents increase D. Phase shift can become uncontrolled share/E/E9F090000664000175000017500000000034112644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9F09 (B) What is the approximate physical length of a solid polyethylene dielectric coaxial transmission line that is electrically one-quarter wavelength long at 7.2 MHz? A. 10 meters B. 6.9 meters C. 24 meters D. 50 meters share/E/E4C040000664000175000017500000000053112644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE4C04 (D) How is the noise figure of a receiver defined? A. The ratio of atmospheric noise to phase noise B. The ratio of the noise bandwidth in Hertz to the theoretical bandwidth of a resistive network C. The ratio of thermal noise to atmospheric noise D. The ratio in dB of the noise generated by the receiver to the theoretical minimum noise share/E/E9B020000664000175000017500000000020612644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE9B02 (B) In the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-1, what is the front-to-back ratio? A. 36 dB B. 18 dB C. 24 dB D. 14 dB share/E/E6F080000664000175000017500000000075712644747227011221 0ustar jtnjtnE6F08 (C) Why are optoisolators often used in conjunction with solid state circuits when switching 120VAC? A. Optoisolators provide a low impedance link between a control circuit and a power circuit B. Optoisolators provide impedance matching between the control circuit and power circuit C. Optoisolators provide a very high degree of electrical isolation between a control circuit and the circuit being switched D. Optoisolators eliminate the effects of reflected light in the control circuit share/E/E4C120000664000175000017500000000033112644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4C12 (D) What is an undesirable effect of using too wide a filter bandwidth in the IF section of a receiver? A. Output-offset overshoot B. Filter ringing C. Thermal-noise distortion D. Undesired signals may be heard share/E/E8A100000664000175000017500000000055112644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE8A10 (C) What is the purpose of a low pass filter used in conjunction with a digital-to-analog converter? A. Lower the input bandwidth to increase the effective resolution B. Improve accuracy by removing out of sequence codes from the input C. Remove harmonics from the output caused by the discrete analog levels generated D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5A080000664000175000017500000000050212644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5A08 (C) What is the phase relationship between the current through and the voltage across a series resonant circuit at resonance? A. The voltage leads the current by 90 degrees B. The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees C. The voltage and current are in phase D. The voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase share/E/E1B110000664000175000017500000000054612644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE1B11 (A) [97.307] What is the permitted mean power of any spurious emission relative to the mean power of the fundamental emission from a station transmitter or external RF amplifier installed after January 1, 2003 and transmitting on a frequency below 30 MHZ? A. At least 43 dB below B. At least 53 dB below C. At least 63 dB below D. At least 73 dB below share/E/E7F040000664000175000017500000000052512644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7F04 (D) What is a common method of generating an SSB signal using digital signal processing? A. Mixing products are converted to voltages and subtracted by adder circuits B. A frequency synthesizer removes the unwanted sidebands C. Emulation of quartz crystal filter characteristics D. Combine signals with a quadrature phase relationship share/E/E2D100000664000175000017500000000100712644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE2D10 (C) How can an APRS station be used to help support a public service communications activity? A. An APRS station with an emergency medical technician can automatically transmit medical data to the nearest hospital B. APRS stations with General Personnel Scanners can automatically relay the participant numbers and time as they pass the check points C. An APRS station with a GPS unit can automatically transmit information to show a mobile station's position during the event D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5A090000664000175000017500000000060512644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE5A09 (C) How is the Q of an RLC parallel resonant circuit calculated? A. Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance divided by the resistance B. Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance multiplied by the resistance C. Resistance divided by the reactance of either the inductance or capacitance D. Reactance of the inductance multiplied by the reactance of the capacitance share/E/E3C140000664000175000017500000000034012644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE3C14 (D) Why does the radio-path horizon distance exceed the geometric horizon? A. E-region skip B. D-region skip C. Downward bending due to aurora refraction D. Downward bending due to density variations in the atmosphere share/E/E7H140000664000175000017500000000072712644747227011216 0ustar jtnjtnE7H14 (C) What is a phase-locked loop circuit? A. An electronic servo loop consisting of a ratio detector, reactance modulator, and voltage-controlled oscillator B. An electronic circuit also known as a monostable multivibrator C. An electronic servo loop consisting of a phase detector, a low-pass filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, and a stable reference oscillator D. An electronic circuit consisting of a precision push-pull amplifier with a differential input share/E/E8C110000664000175000017500000000031012644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE8C11 (A) What is the relationship between symbol rate and baud? A. They are the same B. Baud is twice the symbol rate C. Symbol rate is only used for packet-based modes D. Baud is only used for RTTY share/E/E9A010000664000175000017500000000045012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE9A01 (C) What describes an isotropic antenna? A. A grounded antenna used to measure earth conductivity B. A horizontally polarized antenna used to compare Yagi antennas C. A theoretical antenna used as a reference for antenna gain D. A spacecraft antenna used to direct signals toward the earth share/E/E9D050000664000175000017500000000035712644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE9D05 (A) What is a disadvantage of using a multiband trapped antenna? A. It might radiate harmonics B. It radiates the harmonics and fundamental equally well C. It is too sharply directional at lower frequencies D. It must be neutralized share/E/E3A160000664000175000017500000000055212644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE3A16 (D) Which of the following best describes electromagnetic waves traveling in free space? A. Electric and magnetic fields become aligned as they travel B. The energy propagates through a medium with a high refractive index C. The waves are reflected by the ionosphere and return to their source D. Changing electric and magnetic fields propagate the energy share/E/E7G040000664000175000017500000000066012644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7G04 (C) What is meant by the term op-amp input offset voltage? A. The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage B. The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required in the immediately following stage C. The differential input voltage needed to bring the open loop output voltage to zero D. The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in an open loop condition share/E/E3B130000664000175000017500000000053512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE3B13 (A) Why is chordal hop propagation desirable? A. The signal experiences less loss along the path compared to normal skip propagation B. The MUF for chordal hop propagation is much lower than for normal skip propagation C. Atmospheric noise is lower in the direction of chordal hop propagation D. Signals travel faster along ionospheric chords share/E/E4A120000664000175000017500000000054112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE4A12 (B) Which of the following procedures is an important precaution to follow when connecting a spectrum analyzer to a transmitter output? A. Use high quality double shielded coaxial cables to reduce signal losses B. Attenuate the transmitter output going to the spectrum analyzer C. Match the antenna to the load D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E6D060000664000175000017500000000023112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE6D06 (D) What core material property determines the inductance of a toroidal inductor? A. Thermal impedance B. Resistance C. Reactivity D. Permeability share/E/E5C050000664000175000017500000000030413322770607011166 0ustar jtnjtnE5C05 (C) What is the name of the diagram used to show the phase relationship between impedances at a given frequency? A. Venn diagram B. Near field diagram C. Phasor diagram D. Far field diagram share/E/E7B020000664000175000017500000000045312644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7B02 (A) What is a Class D amplifier? A. A type of amplifier that uses switching technology to achieve high efficiency B. A low power amplifier that uses a differential amplifier for improved linearity C. An amplifier that uses drift-mode FETs for high efficiency D. A frequency doubling amplifier share/E/E6A060000664000175000017500000000043412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6A06 (B) What is the beta of a bipolar junction transistor? A. The frequency at which the current gain is reduced to 1 B. The change in collector current with respect to base current C. The breakdown voltage of the base to collector junction D. The switching speed of the transistor share/E/E5B100000664000175000017500000000042512644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE5B10 (A) What is the relationship between the current through an inductor and the voltage across an inductor? A. Voltage leads current by 90 degrees B. Current leads voltage by 90 degrees C. Voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase D. Voltage and current are in phase share/E/E6C030000664000175000017500000000040412644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE6C03 (A) What is tri-state logic? A. Logic devices with 0, 1, and high impedance output states B. Logic devices that utilize ternary math C. Low power logic devices designed to operate at 3 volts D. Proprietary logic devices manufactured by Tri-State Devices share/E/E7A090000664000175000017500000000055012644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE7A09 (C) What logical operation is performed by an exclusive NOR gate? A. It produces logic "0" at its output only if all inputs are logic "0" B. It produces logic "1" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1" C. It produces logic "0" at its output if any single input is logic "1" D. It produces logic "1" at its output if any single input is logic "1" share/E/E7A070000664000175000017500000000055112644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7A07 (D) What logical operation does a NAND gate perform? A. It produces logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "0" B. It produces logic "1" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1" C. It produces logic "0" at its output if some but not all inputs are logic "1" D. It produces logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1" share/E/E1F010000664000175000017500000000040712644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1F01 (B) [97.305] On what frequencies are spread spectrum transmissions permitted? A. Only on amateur frequencies above 50 MHz B. Only on amateur frequencies above 222 MHz C. Only on amateur frequencies above 420 MHz D. Only on amateur frequencies above 144 MHz share/E/E1A060000664000175000017500000000050112644747227011170 0ustar jtnjtnE1A06 (B) [97.15] Where must the carrier frequency of a CW signal be set to comply with FCC rules for 60 meter operation? A. At the lowest frequency of the channel B. At the center frequency of the channel C. At the highest frequency of the channel D. On any frequency where the signal's sidebands are within the channel share/E/E7E120000664000175000017500000000034412644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7E12 (D) What is a frequency discriminator stage in a FM receiver? A. An FM generator circuit B. A circuit for filtering two closely adjacent signals C. An automatic band-switching circuit D. A circuit for detecting FM signals share/E/E9B100000664000175000017500000000061012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE9B10 (A) What is the principle of a Method of Moments analysis? A. A wire is modeled as a series of segments, each having a uniform value of current B. A wire is modeled as a single sine-wave current generator C. A wire is modeled as a series of points, each having a distinct location in space D. A wire is modeled as a series of segments, each having a distinct value of voltage across it share/E/E6A030000664000175000017500000000071113322770424011162 0ustar jtnjtnE6A03 (C) Why does a PN-junction diode not conduct current when reverse biased? A. Only P-type semiconductor material can conduct current B. Only N-type semiconductor material can conduct current C. Holes in P-type material and electrons in the N-type material are separated by the applied voltage, widening the depletion region D. Excess holes in P-type material combine with the electrons in N-type material, converting the entire diode into an insulator share/E/E7A110000664000175000017500000000020412644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE7A11 (D) What type of logic defines "1" as a high voltage? A. Reverse Logic B. Assertive Logic C. Negative logic D. Positive Logic share/E/E7D120000664000175000017500000000055612644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7D12 (C) What is the drop-out voltage of an analog voltage regulator? A. Minimum input voltage for rated power dissipation B. Maximum amount that the output voltage drops when the input voltage is varied over its specified range C. Minimum input-to-output voltage required to maintain regulation D. Maximum amount that the output voltage may decrease at rated load share/E/E1D010000664000175000017500000000055212644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE1D01 (A) [97.3] What is the definition of the term telemetry? A. One-way transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument B. Two-way radiotelephone transmissions in excess of 1000 feet C. Two-way single channel transmissions of data D. One-way transmission that initiates, modifies, or terminates the functions of a device at a distance share/E/E2D070000664000175000017500000000012712644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE2D07 (C) What digital protocol is used by APRS? A. PACTOR B. 802.11 C. AX.25 D. AMTOR share/E/E6A170000664000175000017500000000027112644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE6A17 (D) What are the names of the three terminals of a field-effect transistor? A. Gate 1, gate 2, drain B. Emitter, base, collector C. Emitter, base 1, base 2 D. Gate, drain, source share/E/E2C010000664000175000017500000000061212644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE2C01 (A) Which of the following is true about contest operating? A. Operators are permitted to make contacts even if they do not submit a log B. Interference to other amateurs is unavoidable and therefore acceptable C. It is mandatory to transmit the call sign of the station being worked as part of every transmission to that station D. Every contest requires a signal report in the exchange share/E/E4E130000664000175000017500000000052312644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE4E13 (D) What might be the cause of a loud roaring or buzzing AC line interference that comes and goes at intervals? A. Arcing contacts in a thermostatically controlled device B. A defective doorbell or doorbell transformer inside a nearby residence C. A malfunctioning illuminated advertising display D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E7G020000664000175000017500000000037612644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE7G02 (D) What is the effect of ringing in a filter? A. An echo caused by a long time delay B. A reduction in high frequency response C. Partial cancellation of the signal over a range of frequencies D. Undesired oscillations added to the desired signal share/E/E2D050000664000175000017500000000033212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE2D05 (B) Which of the following techniques is normally used by low Earth orbiting digital satellites to relay messages around the world? A. Digipeating B. Store-and-forward C. Multi-satellite relaying D. Node hopping share/E/E5C060000664000175000017500000000047213322770546011177 0ustar jtnjtnE5C06 (B) What does the impedance 50-j25 represent? A. 50 ohms resistance in series with 25 ohms inductive reactance B. 50 ohms resistance in series with 25 ohms capacitive reactance C. 25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms inductive reactance D. 25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms capacitive reactance share/E/E9E120000664000175000017500000000073112644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE9E12 (A) What is the primary purpose of a phasing line when used with an antenna having multiple driven elements? A. It ensures that each driven element operates in concert with the others to create the desired antenna pattern B. It prevents reflected power from traveling back down the feed line and causing harmonic radiation from the transmitter C. It allows single-band antennas to operate on other bands D. It makes sure the antenna has a low-angle radiation pattern share/E/E2B060000664000175000017500000000066412644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE2B06 (A) What is vestigial sideband modulation? A. Amplitude modulation in which one complete sideband and a portion of the other are transmitted B. A type of modulation in which one sideband is inverted C. Narrow-band FM modulation achieved by filtering one sideband from the audio before frequency modulating the carrier D. Spread spectrum modulation achieved by applying FM modulation following single sideband amplitude modulation share/E/E9B150000664000175000017500000000017412644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE9B15 (B) What is the front-to-back ratio of the radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-2? A. 15 dB B. 28 dB C. 3 dB D. 24 dB share/E/E5B060000664000175000017500000000030312644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE5B06 (C) What is susceptance? A. The magnetic impedance of a circuit B. The ratio of magnetic field to electric field C. The inverse of reactance D. A measure of the efficiency of a transformer share/E/E9B080000664000175000017500000000105012644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE9B08 (A) How can the approximate beam-width in a given plane of a directional antenna be determined? A. Note the two points where the signal strength of the antenna is 3 dB less than maximum and compute the angular difference B. Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and rear of the antenna C. Draw two imaginary lines through the ends of the elements and measure the angle between the lines D. Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and side of the antenna share/E/E1E140000664000175000017500000000065212644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1E14 (A) [97.527] For which types of out-of-pocket expenses do the Part 97 rules state that VEs and VECs may be reimbursed? A. Preparing, processing, administering and coordinating an examination for an amateur radio license B. Teaching an amateur operator license examination preparation course C. No expenses are authorized for reimbursement D. Providing amateur operator license examination preparation training materials share/E/E4C010000664000175000017500000000056412644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE4C01 (D) What is an effect of excessive phase noise in the local oscillator section of a receiver? A. It limits the receiver's ability to receive strong signals B. It reduces receiver sensitivity C. It decreases receiver third-order intermodulation distortion dynamic range D. It can cause strong signals on nearby frequencies to interfere with reception of weak signals share/E/E6F100000664000175000017500000000023412644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE6F10 (B) What is the most common type of photovoltaic cell used for electrical power generation? A. Selenium B. Silicon C. Cadmium Sulfide D. Copper oxide share/E/E2B090000664000175000017500000000045412644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE2B09 (D) What hardware, other than a receiver with SSB capability and a suitable computer, is needed to decode SSTV using Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)? A. A special IF converter B. A special front end limiter C. A special notch filter to remove synchronization pulses D. No other hardware is needed share/E/E7C150000664000175000017500000000053012644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE7C15 (D) What is a crystal lattice filter? A. A power supply filter made with interlaced quartz crystals B. An audio filter made with four quartz crystals that resonate at 1kHz intervals C. A filter with wide bandwidth and shallow skirts made using quartz crystals D. A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals share/E/E7C070000664000175000017500000000032112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE7C07 (B) What kind of filter would you use to attenuate an interfering carrier signal while receiving an SSB transmission? A. A band-pass filter B. A notch filter C. A Pi-network filter D. An all-pass filter share/E/E7F140000664000175000017500000000033212644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7F14 (B) Which of the following would allow a digital signal processing filter to create a sharper filter response? A. Higher data rate B. More taps C. Complex phasor representations D. Double-precision math routines share/E/E8D060000664000175000017500000000031112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE8D06 (B) Which of the following indicates likely overmodulation of an AFSK signal such as PSK or MFSK? A. High reflected power B. Strong ALC action C. Harmonics on higher bands D. Rapid signal fading share/E/E9C060000664000175000017500000000052512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9C06 (B) What is the effect of a terminating resistor on a rhombic antenna? A. It reflects the standing waves on the antenna elements back to the transmitter B. It changes the radiation pattern from bidirectional to unidirectional C. It changes the radiation pattern from horizontal to vertical polarization D. It decreases the ground loss share/E/E5B050000664000175000017500000000040012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE5B05 (D) What happens to the magnitude of a reactance when it is converted to a susceptance? A. It is unchanged B. The sign is reversed C. It is shifted by 90 degrees D. The magnitude of the susceptance is the reciprocal of the magnitude of the reactance share/E/E3C010000664000175000017500000000047212644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE3C01 (B) What does the term ray tracing describe in regard to radio communications? A. The process in which an electronic display presents a pattern B. Modeling a radio wave's path through the ionosphere C. Determining the radiation pattern from an array of antennas D. Evaluating high voltage sources for X-Rays share/E/E5A070000664000175000017500000000021012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE5A07 (A) What is the magnitude of the current at the input of a parallel RLC circuit at resonance? A. Minimum B. Maximum C. R/L D. L/R share/E/E9D110000664000175000017500000000046612644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9D11 (B) Which of the following types of conductors would be best for minimizing losses in a station's RF ground system? A. A resistive wire, such as spark plug wire B. A wide flat copper strap C. A cable with six or seven 18 gauge conductors in parallel D. A single 12 gauge or 10 gauge stainless steel wire share/E/E9B130000664000175000017500000000033112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE9B13 (B) What does the abbreviation NEC stand for when applied to antenna modeling programs? A. Next Element Comparison B. Numerical Electromagnetic Code C. National Electrical Code D. Numeric Electrical Computation share/E/E6B070000664000175000017500000000033112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE6B07 (B) What is the failure mechanism when a junction diode fails due to excessive current? A. Excessive inverse voltage B. Excessive junction temperature C. Insufficient forward voltage D. Charge carrier depletion share/E/E2A080000664000175000017500000000051112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE2A08 (B) Why should effective radiated power to a satellite which uses a linear transponder be limited? A. To prevent creating errors in the satellite telemetry B. To avoid reducing the downlink power to all other users C. To prevent the satellite from emitting out-of-band signals D. To avoid interfering with terrestrial QSOs share/E/E5D070000664000175000017500000000040012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE5D07 (D) What determines the strength of the magnetic field around a conductor? A. The resistance divided by the current B. The ratio of the current to the resistance C. The diameter of the conductor D. The amount of current flowing through the conductor share/E/E6A040000664000175000017500000000027312644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE6A04 (C) What is the name given to an impurity atom that adds holes to a semiconductor crystal structure? A. Insulator impurity B. N-type impurity C. Acceptor impurity D. Donor impurity share/E/E1E080000664000175000017500000000034112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1E08 (C) [97.509] To which of the following examinees may a VE not administer an examination? A. Employees of the VE B. Friends of the VE C. Relatives of the VE as listed in the FCC rules D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E1F040000664000175000017500000000060712644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE1F04 (A) [97.3] Which of the following geographic descriptions approximately describes "Line A"? A. A line roughly parallel to and south of the U.S.-Canadian border B. A line roughly parallel to and west of the U.S. Atlantic coastline C. A line roughly parallel to and north of the U.S.-Mexican border and Gulf coastline D. A line roughly parallel to and east of the U.S. Pacific coastline share/E/E6C080000664000175000017500000000013412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE6C08 (B) In Figure E6-5, what is the schematic symbol for a NAND gate? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 share/E/E8B080000664000175000017500000000057712644747227011217 0ustar jtnjtnE8B08 (D) What describes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing? A. A frequency modulation technique which uses non-harmonically related frequencies B. A bandwidth compression technique using Fourier transforms C. A digital mode for narrow band, slow speed transmissions D. A digital modulation technique using subcarriers at frequencies chosen to avoid intersymbol interference share/E/E4E010000664000175000017500000000033412644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE4E01 (A) Which of the following types of receiver noise can often be reduced by use of a receiver noise blanker? A. Ignition noise B. Broadband white noise C. Heterodyne interference D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5D080000664000175000017500000000026012644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE5D08 (B) What type of energy is stored in an electromagnetic or electrostatic field? A. Electromechanical energy B. Potential energy C. Thermodynamic energy D. Kinetic energy share/E/E5D130000664000175000017500000000031112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE5D13 (B) How much power is consumed in a circuit consisting of a 100 ohm resistor in series with a 100 ohm inductive reactance drawing 1 ampere? A. 70.7 Watts B. 100 Watts C. 141.4 Watts D. 200 Watts share/E/E2A100000664000175000017500000000041112644747227011164 0ustar jtnjtnE2A10 (A) Why may the received signal from an amateur satellite exhibit a rapidly repeating fading effect? A. Because the satellite is spinning B. Because of ionospheric absorption C. Because of the satellite's low orbital altitude D. Because of the Doppler Effect share/E/E9H060000664000175000017500000000065112644747227011215 0ustar jtnjtnE9H06 (C) What is the triangulation method of direction finding? A. The geometric angles of sky waves from the source are used to determine its position B. A fixed receiving station plots three headings to the signal source C. Antenna headings from several different receiving locations are used to locate the signal source D. A fixed receiving station uses three different antennas to plot the location of the signal source share/E/E1A070000664000175000017500000000027412644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1A07 (D) [97.303] Which amateur band requires transmission on specific channels rather than on a range of frequencies? A. 12 meter band B. 17 meter band C. 30 meter band D. 60 meter band share/E/E6B110000664000175000017500000000034112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE6B11 (A) What is used to control the attenuation of RF signals by a PIN diode? A. Forward DC bias current B. A sub-harmonic pump signal C. Reverse voltage larger than the RF signal D. Capacitance of an RF coupling capacitor share/E/E9E090000664000175000017500000000041112644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE9E09 (C) Which of these matching systems is an effective method of connecting a 50 ohm coaxial cable feed line to a grounded tower so it can be used as a vertical antenna? A. Double-bazooka match B. Hairpin match C. Gamma match D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E9A020000664000175000017500000000017712644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9A02 (D) What antenna has no gain in any direction? A. Quarter-wave vertical B. Yagi C. Half-wave dipole D. Isotropic antenna share/E/E9F040000664000175000017500000000020612644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE9F04 (B) What is the typical velocity factor for a coaxial cable with solid polyethylene dielectric? A. 2.70 B. 0.66 C. 0.30 D. 0.10 share/E/E4D130000664000175000017500000000030312644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE4D13 (B) Which of the following can cause receiver desensitization? A. Audio gain adjusted too low B. Strong adjacent channel signals C. Audio bias adjusted too high D. Squelch gain misadjusted share/E/E3A010000664000175000017500000000050213322771360011153 0ustar jtnjtnE3A01 (D) What is the approximate maximum separation measured along the surface of the Earth between two stations communicating by Moon bounce? A. 500 miles, if the Moon is at perigee B. 2000 miles, if the Moon is at apogee C. 5000 miles, if the Moon is at perigee D. 12,000 miles, if the Moon is visible by both stations share/E/E1C100000664000175000017500000000047212644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE1C10 (B) [97.113] What types of amateur stations may automatically retransmit the radio signals of other amateur stations? A. Only beacon, repeater or space stations B. Only auxiliary, repeater or space stations C. Only earth stations, repeater stations or model craft D. Only auxiliary, beacon or space stations share/E/E3B030000664000175000017500000000021212644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE3B03 (C) What is the best time of day for transequatorial propagation? A. Morning B. Noon C. Afternoon or early evening D. Late at night share/E/E5D030000664000175000017500000000057213322770511011166 0ustar jtnjtnE5D03 (D) What is microstrip? A. Lightweight transmission line made of common zip cord B. Miniature coax used for low power applications C. Short lengths of coax mounted on printed circuit boards to minimize time delay between microwave circuits D. Precision printed circuit conductors above a ground plane that provide constant impedance interconnects at microwave frequencies share/E/E8B110000664000175000017500000000064112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE8B11 (B) What is digital time division multiplexing? A. Two or more data streams are assigned to discrete sub-carriers on an FM transmitter B. Two or more signals are arranged to share discrete time slots of a data transmission C. Two or more data streams share the same channel by transmitting time of transmission as the sub-carrier D. Two or more signals are quadrature modulated to increase bandwidth efficiency share/E/E4B150000664000175000017500000000041012644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4B15 (C) Which of the following can be used as a relative measurement of the Q for a series-tuned circuit? A. The inductance to capacitance ratio B. The frequency shift C. The bandwidth of the circuit's frequency response D. The resonant frequency of the circuit share/E/E2C130000664000175000017500000000062212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE2C13 (D) What indicator is required to be used by U.S.-licensed operators when operating a station via remote control where the transmitter is located in the U.S.? A. / followed by the USPS two letter abbreviation for the state in which the remote station is located B. /R# where # is the district of the remote station C. The ARRL section of the remote station D. No additional indicator is required share/E/E7A010000664000175000017500000000014312644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE7A01 (C) Which is a bi-stable circuit? A. An "AND" gate B. An "OR" gate C. A flip-flop D. A clock share/E/E3B070000664000175000017500000000036712644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE3B07 (D) Which of the following could account for hearing an echo on the received signal of a distant station? A. High D layer absorption B. Meteor scatter C. Transmit frequency is higher than the MUF D. Receipt of a signal by more than one path share/E/E1C060000664000175000017500000000057012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1C06 (C) [97.109] Which of the following statements concerning remotely controlled amateur stations is true? A. Only Extra Class operators may be the control operator of a remote station B. A control operator need not be present at the control point C. A control operator must be present at the control point D. Repeater and auxiliary stations may not be remotely controlled share/E/E3A080000664000175000017500000000031012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE3A08 (A) When a meteor strikes the Earth's atmosphere, a cylindrical region of free electrons is formed at what layer of the ionosphere? A. The E layer B. The F1 layer C. The F2 layer D. The D layer share/E/E1A030000664000175000017500000000073413322771177011170 0ustar jtnjtnE1A03 (C) [97.301, 97.305] With your transceiver displaying the carrier frequency of phone signals, you hear a station calling CQ on 14.349 MHz USB. Is it legal to return the call using upper sideband on the same frequency? A. Yes, because you were not the station calling CQ B. Yes, because the displayed frequency is within the 20 meter band C. No, the sideband will extend beyond the band edge D. No, U.S. stations are not permitted to use phone emissions above 14.340 MHz share/E/E4D090000664000175000017500000000040412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE4D09 (C) What is the purpose of the preselector in a communications receiver? A. To store often-used frequencies B. To provide a range of AGC time constants C. To increase rejection of unwanted signals D. To allow selection of the optimum RF amplifier device share/E/E9H020000664000175000017500000000055212644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9H02 (A) Which is generally true for low band (160 meter and 80 meter) receiving antennas? A. Atmospheric noise is so high that gain over a dipole is not important B. They must be erected at least 1/2 wavelength above the ground to attain good directivity C. Low loss coax transmission line is essential for good performance D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E6F050000664000175000017500000000062412644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE6F05 (A) Which describes an optical shaft encoder? A. A device which detects rotation of a control by interrupting a light source with a patterned wheel B. A device which measures the strength of a beam of light using analog to digital conversion C. A digital encryption device often used to encrypt spacecraft control signals D. A device for generating RTTY signals by means of a rotating light source share/E/E4C140000664000175000017500000000031312644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE4C14 (D) What transmit frequency might generate an image response signal in a receiver tuned to 14.300 MHz and which uses a 455 kHz IF frequency? A. 13.845 MHz B. 14.755 MHz C. 14.445 MHz D. 15.210 MHz share/E/E7B040000664000175000017500000000052612644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7B04 (A) Where on the load line of a Class A common emitter amplifier would bias normally be set? A. Approximately half-way between saturation and cutoff B. Where the load line intersects the voltage axis C. At a point where the bias resistor equals the load resistor D. At a point where the load line intersects the zero bias current curve share/E/E7F160000664000175000017500000000050512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7F16 (D) How might the sampling rate of an existing digital signal be adjusted by a factor of 3/4? A. Change the gain by a factor of 3/4 B. Multiply each sample value by a factor of 3/4 C. Add 3 to each input value and subtract 4 from each output value D. Interpolate by a factor of three, then decimate by a factor of four share/E/E4C080000664000175000017500000000043112644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE4C08 (C) An SDR receiver is overloaded when input signals exceed what level? A. One-half the maximum sample rate B. One-half the maximum sampling buffer size C. The maximum count value of the analog-to-digital converter D. The reference voltage of the analog-to-digital converter share/E/E2B010000664000175000017500000000020112644747227011162 0ustar jtnjtnE2B01 (A) How many times per second is a new frame transmitted in a fast-scan (NTSC) television system? A. 30 B. 60 C. 90 D. 120 share/E/E9H080000664000175000017500000000051012644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9H08 (A) What is the function of a sense antenna? A. It modifies the pattern of a DF antenna array to provide a null in one direction B. It increases the sensitivity of a DF antenna array C. It allows DF antennas to receive signals at different vertical angles D. It provides diversity reception that cancels multipath signals share/E/E1C130000664000175000017500000000056513322771117011167 0ustar jtnjtnE1C13 (C) Which of the following is required in order to operate in accordance with CEPT rules in foreign countries where permitted? A. You must identify in the official language of the country in which you are operating B. The U.S. embassy must approve of your operation C. You must bring a copy of FCC Public Notice DA 11-221 D. You must append "/CEPT" to your call sign share/E/E7H040000664000175000017500000000027412644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE7H04 (C) How is positive feedback supplied in a Colpitts oscillator? A. Through a tapped coil B. Through link coupling C. Through a capacitive divider D. Through a neutralizing capacitor share/E/E2D130000664000175000017500000000015612644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2D13 (A) What type of modulation is used for JT65 contacts? A. Multi-tone AFSK B. PSK C. RTTY D. IEEE 802.11 share/E/E4E110000664000175000017500000000063712644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE4E11 (B) Which is the most likely cause if you are hearing combinations of local AM broadcast signals within one or more of the MF or HF ham bands? A. The broadcast station is transmitting an over-modulated signal B. Nearby corroded metal joints are mixing and re-radiating the broadcast signals C. You are receiving sky wave signals from a distant station D. Your station receiver IF amplifier stage is defective share/E/E7H030000664000175000017500000000027312644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE7H03 (A) How is positive feedback supplied in a Hartley oscillator? A. Through a tapped coil B. Through a capacitive divider C. Through link coupling D. Through a neutralizing capacitor share/E/E6D150000664000175000017500000000031012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE6D15 (A) What is current in the primary winding of a transformer called if no load is attached to the secondary? A. Magnetizing current B. Direct current C. Excitation current D. Stabilizing current share/E/E7B140000664000175000017500000000054212644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7B14 (B) Why are switching amplifiers more efficient than linear amplifiers? A. Switching amplifiers operate at higher voltages B. The power transistor is at saturation or cut off most of the time, resulting in low power dissipation C. Linear amplifiers have high gain resulting in higher harmonic content D. Switching amplifiers use push-pull circuits share/E/E7F050000664000175000017500000000065012644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7F05 (B) How frequently must an analog signal be sampled by an analog-to-digital converter so that the signal can be accurately reproduced? A. At half the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal B. At twice the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal C. At the same rate as the highest frequency component of the signal D. At four times the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal share/E/E7C110000664000175000017500000000037612644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7C11 (D) Which of the following is the common name for a filter network which is equivalent to two L-networks connected back-to-back with the two inductors in series and the capacitors in shunt at the input and output? A. Pi-L B. Cascode C. Omega D. Pi share/E/E6A140000664000175000017500000000055512644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE6A14 (C) How does DC input impedance at the gate of a field-effect transistor compare with the DC input impedance of a bipolar transistor? A. They are both low impedance B. An FET has low input impedance; a bipolar transistor has high input impedance C. An FET has high input impedance; a bipolar transistor has low input impedance D. They are both high impedance share/E/E3A130000664000175000017500000000013112644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE3A13 (A) Which emission mode is best for aurora propagation? A. CW B. SSB C. FM D. RTTY share/E/E9A130000664000175000017500000000026012644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE9A13 (B) How much gain does an antenna have compared to a 1/2-wavelength dipole when it has 12 dB gain over an isotropic antenna? A. 6.17 dB B. 9.85 dB C. 12.5 dB D. 14.15 dB share/E/E4D120000664000175000017500000000032512644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE4D12 (A) What is the term for the reduction in receiver sensitivity caused by a strong signal near the received frequency? A. Desensitization B. Quieting C. Cross-modulation interference D. Squelch gain rollback share/E/E9F030000664000175000017500000000054612644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE9F03 (D) Why is the physical length of a coaxial cable transmission line shorter than its electrical length? A. Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable B. The characteristic impedance is higher in a parallel feed line C. The surge impedance is higher in a parallel feed line D. Electrical signals move more slowly in a coaxial cable than in air share/E/E3B060000664000175000017500000000022212644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE3B06 (B) Which of the following amateur bands most frequently provides long-path propagation? A. 80 meters B. 20 meters C. 10 meters D. 6 meters share/E/E7D030000664000175000017500000000024612644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE7D03 (A) What device is typically used as a stable reference voltage in a linear voltage regulator? A. A Zener diode B. A tunnel diode C. An SCR D. A varactor diode share/E/E3C100000664000175000017500000000054012644747227011172 0ustar jtnjtnE3C10 (B) What does the 304A solar parameter measure? A. The ratio of X-Ray flux to radio flux, correlated to sunspot number B. UV emissions at 304 angstroms, correlated to solar flux index C. The solar wind velocity at 304 degrees from the solar equator, correlated to solar activity D. The solar emission at 304 GHz, correlated to X-Ray flare levels share/E/E1E130000664000175000017500000000073112644747534011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1E13 (B) [97.509] Which of these choices is an acceptable method for monitoring the applicants if a VEC opts to conduct an exam session remotely? A. Record the exam session on video tape for later review by the VE team B. Use a real-time video link and the Internet to connect the exam session to the observing VEs C. The exam proctor observes the applicants and reports any violations D. Have each applicant sign an affidavit stating that all session rules were followed share/E/E2B190000664000175000017500000000062712644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE2B19 (C) What special operating frequency restrictions are imposed on slow scan TV transmissions? A. None; they are allowed on all amateur frequencies B. They are restricted to 7.245 MHz, 14.245 MHz, 21.345 MHz, and 28.945 MHz C. They are restricted to phone band segments and their bandwidth can be no greater than that of a voice signal of the same modulation type D. They are not permitted above 54 MHz share/E/E4E070000664000175000017500000000061512644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE4E07 (C) How can you determine if line noise interference is being generated within your home? A. By checking the power line voltage with a time domain reflectometer B. By observing the AC power line waveform with an oscilloscope C. By turning off the AC power line main circuit breaker and listening on a battery operated radio D. By observing the AC power line voltage with a spectrum analyzer share/E/E3A030000664000175000017500000000034612644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE3A03 (A) When scheduling EME contacts, which of these conditions will generally result in the least path loss? A. When the Moon is at perigee B. When the Moon is full C. When the Moon is at apogee D. When the MUF is above 30 MHz share/E/E0A020000664000175000017500000000057412644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE0A02 (B) When evaluating RF exposure levels from your station at a neighbor's home, what must you do? A. Make sure signals from your station are less than the controlled MPE limits B. Make sure signals from your station are less than the uncontrolled MPE limits C. You need only evaluate exposure levels on your own property D. Advise your neighbors of the results of your tests share/E/E6E050000664000175000017500000000021012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE6E05 (A) Which of the following noise figure values is typical of a low-noise UHF preamplifier? A. 2 dB B. -10 dB C. 44 dBm D. -20 dBm share/E/E5A010000664000175000017500000000025112644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE5A01 (A) What can cause the voltage across reactances in series to be larger than the voltage applied to them? A. Resonance B. Capacitance C. Conductance D. Resistance share/E/E6C120000664000175000017500000000041412644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6C12 (D) What is BiCMOS logic? A. A logic device with two CMOS circuits per package B. A FET logic family based on bimetallic semiconductors C. A logic family based on bismuth CMOS devices D. An integrated circuit logic family using both bipolar and CMOS transistors share/E/E7A030000664000175000017500000000021612644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE7A03 (B) Which of the following can divide the frequency of a pulse train by 2? A. An XOR gate B. A flip-flop C. An OR gate D. A multiplexer share/E/E4A050000664000175000017500000000040312644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE4A05 (D) What might be an advantage of a digital vs an analog oscilloscope? A. Automatic amplitude and frequency numerical readout B. Storage of traces for future reference C. Manipulation of time base after trace capture D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E9H100000664000175000017500000000061512644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9H10 (D) How can the output voltage of a multiple turn receiving loop antenna be increased? A. By reducing the permeability of the loop shield B. By increasing the number of wire turns in the loop and reducing the area of the loop structure C. By winding adjacent turns in opposing directions D. By increasing either the number of wire turns in the loop or the area of the loop structure or both share/E/E2C080000664000175000017500000000044512644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE2C08 (B) Which of the following contacts may be confirmed through the U.S. QSL bureau system? A. Special event contacts between stations in the U.S. B. Contacts between a U.S. station and a non-U.S. station C. Repeater contacts between U.S. club members D. Contacts using tactical call signs share/E/E7D060000664000175000017500000000042612644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE7D06 (C) What is the purpose of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-3? A. It provides negative feedback to improve regulation B. It provides a constant load for the voltage source C. It increases the current-handling capability of the regulator D. It provides D1 with current share/E/E5D110000664000175000017500000000023212644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE5D11 (C) What is the power factor of an R-L circuit having a 60 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current? A. 1.414 B. 0.866 C. 0.5 D. 1.73 share/E/E9B060000664000175000017500000000024712644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE9B06 (C) What is the elevation angle of peak response in the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-2? A. 45 degrees B. 75 degrees C. 7.5 degrees D. 25 degrees share/E/E4B130000664000175000017500000000012713322770673011171 0ustar jtnjtnE4B13 (C) Which S parameter is equivalent to forward gain? A. S11 B. S12 C. S21 D. S22 share/E/E7F100000664000175000017500000000034412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7F10 (A) What aspect of receiver analog-to-digital conversion determines the maximum receive bandwidth of a Direct Digital Conversion SDR? A. Sample rate B. Sample width in bits C. Sample clock phase noise D. Processor latency share/E/E1D080000664000175000017500000000031212644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1D08 (D) [97.207] Which VHF amateur service bands have frequencies available for space stations? A. 6 meters and 2 meters B. 6 meters, 2 meters, and 1.25 meters C. 2 meters and 1.25 meters D. 2 meters share/E/E4B050000664000175000017500000000034512644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE4B05 (D) If a frequency counter with a specified accuracy of +/- 10 ppm reads 146,520,000 Hz, what is the most the actual frequency being measured could differ from the reading? A. 146.52 Hz B. 10 Hz C. 146.52 kHz D. 1465.20 Hz share/E/E4B070000664000175000017500000000034112644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE4B07 (A) What do the subscripts of S parameters represent? A. The port or ports at which measurements are made B. The relative time between measurements C. Relative quality of the data D. Frequency order of the measurements share/E/E1E100000664000175000017500000000075012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1E10 (C) [97.509] What must the administering VEs do after the administration of a successful examination for an amateur operator license? A. They must collect and send the documents to the NCVEC for grading B. They must collect and submit the documents to the coordinating VEC for grading C. They must submit the application document to the coordinating VEC according to the coordinating VEC instructions D. They must collect and send the documents to the FCC according to instructions share/E/E4A090000664000175000017500000000043712644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE4A09 (B) When using a computer's soundcard input to digitize signals, what is the highest frequency signal that can be digitized without aliasing? A. The same as the sample rate B. One-half the sample rate C. One-tenth the sample rate D. It depends on how the data is stored internally share/E/E6B060000664000175000017500000000041612644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE6B06 (D) Which of the following is a common use of a hot-carrier diode? A. As balanced mixers in FM generation B. As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control circuit C. As a constant voltage reference in a power supply D. As a VHF/UHF mixer or detector share/E/E1B060000664000175000017500000000103212644747227011171 0ustar jtnjtnE1B06 (A) [97.15] Which of the following additional rules apply if you are installing an amateur station antenna at a site at or near a public use airport? A. You may have to notify the Federal Aviation Administration and register it with the FCC as required by Part 17 of FCC rules B. No special rules apply if your antenna structure will be less than 300 feet in height C. You must file an Environmental Impact Statement with the EPA before construction begins D. You must obtain a construction permit from the airport zoning authority share/E/E6C100000664000175000017500000000013312644747227011173 0ustar jtnjtnE6C10 (D) In Figure E6-5, what is the schematic symbol for a NOR gate? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 share/E/E4E150000664000175000017500000000054112644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE4E15 (B) Which of the following can cause shielded cables to radiate or receive interference? A. Low inductance ground connections at both ends of the shield B. Common mode currents on the shield and conductors C. Use of braided shielding material D. Tying all ground connections to a common point resulting in differential mode currents in the shield share/E/E4E030000664000175000017500000000047712644747227011210 0ustar jtnjtnE4E03 (B) Which of the following signals might a receiver noise blanker be able to remove from desired signals? A. Signals which are constant at all IF levels B. Signals which appear across a wide bandwidth C. Signals which appear at one IF but not another D. Signals which have a sharply peaked frequency distribution share/E/E7H010000664000175000017500000000031412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE7H01 (D) What are three oscillator circuits used in Amateur Radio equipment? A. Taft, Pierce and negative feedback B. Pierce, Fenner and Beane C. Taft, Hartley and Pierce D. Colpitts, Hartley and Pierce share/E/E1F080000664000175000017500000000061412644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE1F08 (A) [97.113] Which of the following types of amateur station communications are prohibited? A. Communications transmitted for hire or material compensation, except as otherwise provided in the rules B. Communications that have a political content, except as allowed by the Fairness Doctrine C. Communications that have a religious content D. Communications in a language other than English share/E/E8D110000664000175000017500000000052412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE8D11 (C) What is one advantage of using ASCII code for data communications? A. It includes built in error correction features B. It contains fewer information bits per character than any other code C. It is possible to transmit both upper and lower case text D. It uses one character as a shift code to send numeric and special characters share/E/E2B040000664000175000017500000000050012644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE2B04 (B) What is blanking in a video signal? A. Synchronization of the horizontal and vertical sync pulses B. Turning off the scanning beam while it is traveling from right to left or from bottom to top C. Turning off the scanning beam at the conclusion of a transmission D. Transmitting a black and white test pattern share/E/E5C110000664000175000017500000000044012644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE5C11 (C) What do the two numbers that are used to define a point on a graph using rectangular coordinates represent? A. The magnitude and phase of the point B. The sine and cosine values C. The coordinate values along the horizontal and vertical axes D. The tangent and cotangent values share/E/E9F050000664000175000017500000000034412644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE9F05 (C) What is the approximate physical length of a solid polyethylene dielectric coaxial transmission line that is electrically one-quarter wavelength long at 14.1 MHz? A. 20 meters B. 2.3 meters C. 3.5 meters D. 0.2 meters share/E/E7G080000664000175000017500000000042612644747227011214 0ustar jtnjtnE7G08 (D) How does the gain of an ideal operational amplifier vary with frequency? A. It increases linearly with increasing frequency B. It decreases linearly with increasing frequency C. It decreases logarithmically with increasing frequency D. It does not vary with frequency share/E/E4E140000664000175000017500000000057512644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE4E14 (C) What is one type of electrical interference that might be caused by the operation of a nearby personal computer? A. A loud AC hum in the audio output of your station receiver B. A clicking noise at intervals of a few seconds C. The appearance of unstable modulated or unmodulated signals at specific frequencies D. A whining type noise that continually pulses off and on share/E/E9D020000664000175000017500000000102512644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE9D02 (C) How can linearly polarized Yagi antennas be used to produce circular polarization? A. Stack two Yagis fed 90 degrees out of phase to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes B. Stack two Yagis fed in phase to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes C. Arrange two Yagis perpendicular to each other with the driven elements at the same point on the boom fed 90 degrees out of phase D. Arrange two Yagis collinear to each other with the driven elements fed 180 degrees out of phase share/E/E4D060000664000175000017500000000032012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE4D06 (D) What is the term for unwanted signals generated by the mixing of two or more signals? A. Amplifier desensitization B. Neutralization C. Adjacent channel interference D. Intermodulation interference share/E/E1D050000664000175000017500000000040512644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE1D05 (C) [97.207] What class of licensee is authorized to be the control operator of a space station? A. All except Technician Class B. Only General, Advanced or Amateur Extra Class C. Any class with appropriate operator privileges D. Only Amateur Extra Class share/E/E2E060000664000175000017500000000016012644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2E06 (C) What is the most common data rate used for HF packet? A. 48 baud B. 110 baud C. 300 baud D. 1200 baud share/E/E7G070000664000175000017500000000023212644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7G07 (C) What magnitude of voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-4 when R1 is 10 ohms and RF is 470 ohms? A. 0.21 B. 94 C. 47 D. 24 share/E/E8C020000664000175000017500000000054512644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE8C02 (C) What is the definition of symbol rate in a digital transmission? A. The number of control characters in a message packet B. The duration of each bit in a message sent over the air C. The rate at which the waveform of a transmitted signal changes to convey information D. The number of characters carried per second by the station-to-station link share/E/E4D070000664000175000017500000000054712644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE4D07 (D) Which describes the most significant effect of an off-frequency signal when it is causing cross-modulation interference to a desired signal? A. A large increase in background noise B. A reduction in apparent signal strength C. The desired signal can no longer be heard D. The off-frequency unwanted signal is heard in addition to the desired signal share/E/E8D050000664000175000017500000000037412644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE8D05 (A) What is the most common method of reducing key clicks? A. Increase keying waveform rise and fall times B. Low-pass filters at the transmitter output C. Reduce keying waveform rise and fall times D. High-pass filters at the transmitter output share/E/E6D030000664000175000017500000000051513322771327011172 0ustar jtnjtnE6D03 (A) Which of the following is an aspect of the piezoelectric effect? A. Mechanical deformation of material by the application of a voltage B. Mechanical deformation of material by the application of a magnetic field C. Generation of electrical energy in the presence of light D. Increased conductivity in the presence of light share/E/E8A080000664000175000017500000000051012644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE8A08 (C) Why would a direct or flash conversion analog-to-digital converter be useful for a software defined radio? A. Very low power consumption decreases frequency drift B. Immunity to out of sequence coding reduces spurious responses C. Very high speed allows digitizing high frequencies D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E3A100000664000175000017500000000024212644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE3A10 (B) Which type of atmospheric structure can create a path for microwave propagation? A. The jet stream B. Temperature inversion C. Wind shear D. Dust devil share/E/E6A070000664000175000017500000000052012644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE6A07 (D) Which of the following indicates that a silicon NPN junction transistor is biased on? A. Base-to-emitter resistance of approximately 6 to 7 ohms B. Base-to-emitter resistance of approximately 0.6 to 0.7 ohms C. Base-to-emitter voltage of approximately 6 to 7 volts D. Base-to-emitter voltage of approximately 0.6 to 0.7 volts share/E/E9G020000664000175000017500000000033512644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE9G02 (B) What type of coordinate system is used in a Smith chart? A. Voltage circles and current arcs B. Resistance circles and reactance arcs C. Voltage lines and current chords D. Resistance lines and reactance chords share/E/E2A140000664000175000017500000000027312644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2A14 (C) What technology is used to track, in real time, balloons carrying amateur radio transmitters? A. Radar B. Bandwidth compressed LORAN C. APRS D. Doppler shift of beacon signals share/E/E3B010000664000175000017500000000057112644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE3B01 (A) What is transequatorial propagation? A. Propagation between two mid-latitude points at approximately the same distance north and south of the magnetic equator B. Propagation between any two points located on the magnetic equator C. Propagation between two continents by way of ducts along the magnetic equator D. Propagation between two stations at the same latitude share/E/E7E060000664000175000017500000000036412644747227011211 0ustar jtnjtnE7E06 (A) Why is de-emphasis commonly used in FM communications receivers? A. For compatibility with transmitters using phase modulation B. To reduce impulse noise reception C. For higher efficiency D. To remove third-order distortion products share/E/E7H060000664000175000017500000000030112644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7H06 (B) Which of the following oscillator circuits are commonly used in VFOs? A. Pierce and Zener B. Colpitts and Hartley C. Armstrong and deForest D. Negative feedback and balanced feedback share/E/E6A130000664000175000017500000000027712644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE6A13 (C) What do the initials CMOS stand for? A. Common Mode Oscillating System B. Complementary Mica-Oxide Silicon C. Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor D. Common Mode Organic Silicon share/E/E7A020000664000175000017500000000044312644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE7A02 (A) What is the function of a decade counter digital IC? A. It produces one output pulse for every ten input pulses B. It decodes a decimal number for display on a seven segment LED display C. It produces ten output pulses for every input pulse D. It adds two decimal numbers together share/E/E5A140000664000175000017500000000026012644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE5A14 (C) What is the resonant frequency of a series RLC circuit if R is 22 ohms, L is 50 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads? A. 44.72 MHz B. 22.36 MHz C. 3.56 MHz D. 1.78 MHz share/E/E6A020000664000175000017500000000021212644747227011170 0ustar jtnjtnE6A02 (A) Which of the following semiconductor materials contains excess free electrons? A. N-type B. P-type C. Bipolar D. Insulated gate share/E/E7G110000664000175000017500000000023112644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE7G11 (B) What absolute voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-4 when R1 is 3300 ohms and RF is 47 kilohms? A. 28 B. 14 C. 7 D. 0.07 share/E/E5D180000664000175000017500000000022712644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE5D18 (B) How many watts are consumed in a circuit having a power factor of 0.71 if the apparent power is 500VA? A. 704 W B. 355 W C. 252 W D. 1.42 mW share/E/E6B040000664000175000017500000000026412644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE6B04 (A) What type of semiconductor device is designed for use as a voltage-controlled capacitor? A. Varactor diode B. Tunnel diode C. Silicon-controlled rectifier D. Zener diode share/E/E8D030000664000175000017500000000104312644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE8D03 (D) How does the spread spectrum technique of frequency hopping work? A. If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies B. If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to wait until the frequency is clear C. A pseudo-random binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier very rapidly in a particular sequence D. The frequency of the transmitted signal is changed very rapidly according to a particular sequence also used by the receiving station share/E/E7F130000664000175000017500000000043112644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE7F13 (D) What is the function of taps in a digital signal processing filter? A. To reduce excess signal pressure levels B. Provide access for debugging software C. Select the point at which baseband signals are generated D. Provide incremental signal delays for filter algorithms share/E/E6F010000664000175000017500000000042712644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE6F01 (B) What is photoconductivity? A. The conversion of photon energy to electromotive energy B. The increased conductivity of an illuminated semiconductor C. The conversion of electromotive energy to photon energy D. The decreased conductivity of an illuminated semiconductor share/E/E4C100000664000175000017500000000022112644747227011167 0ustar jtnjtnE4C10 (B) Which of the following is a desirable amount of selectivity for an amateur RTTY HF receiver? A. 100 Hz B. 300 Hz C. 6000 Hz D. 2400 Hz share/E/E2E120000664000175000017500000000024712644747227011201 0ustar jtnjtnE2E12 (C) Which type of control is used by stations using the Automatic Link Enable (ALE) protocol? A. Local B. Remote C. Automatic D. ALE can use any type of control share/E/E2B150000664000175000017500000000025312644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE2B15 (A) What signals SSTV receiving equipment to begin a new picture line? A. Specific tone frequencies B. Elapsed time C. Specific tone amplitudes D. A two-tone signal share/E/E1A050000664000175000017500000000057612644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE1A05 (C) [97.313] What is the maximum power output permitted on the 60 meter band? A. 50 watts PEP effective radiated power relative to an isotropic radiator B. 50 watts PEP effective radiated power relative to a dipole C. 100 watts PEP effective radiated power relative to the gain of a half-wave dipole D. 100 watts PEP effective radiated power relative to an isotropic radiator share/E/E7C080000664000175000017500000000054612644747227011213 0ustar jtnjtnE7C08 (A) Which of the following factors has the greatest effect in helping determine the bandwidth and response shape of a crystal ladder filter? A. The relative frequencies of the individual crystals B. The DC voltage applied to the quartz crystal C. The gain of the RF stage preceding the filter D. The amplitude of the signals passing through the filter share/E/E8B050000664000175000017500000000030212644747227011176 0ustar jtnjtnE8B05 (D) What is the deviation ratio of an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus-or-minus 5 kHz when the maximum modulation frequency is 3 kHz? A. 60 B. 0.167 C. 0.6 D. 1.67 share/E/E9A140000664000175000017500000000056612644747227011212 0ustar jtnjtnE9A14 (C) What is meant by the radiation resistance of an antenna? A. The combined losses of the antenna elements and feed line B. The specific impedance of the antenna C. The value of a resistance that would dissipate the same amount of power as that radiated from an antenna D. The resistance in the atmosphere that an antenna must overcome to be able to radiate a signal share/E/E4E040000664000175000017500000000105512644747227011202 0ustar jtnjtnE4E04 (D) How can conducted and radiated noise caused by an automobile alternator be suppressed? A. By installing filter capacitors in series with the DC power lead and a blocking capacitor in the field lead B. By installing a noise suppression resistor and a blocking capacitor in both leads C. By installing a high-pass filter in series with the radio's power lead and a low-pass filter in parallel with the field lead D. By connecting the radio's power leads directly to the battery and by installing coaxial capacitors in line with the alternator leads share/E/E6C130000664000175000017500000000050112644747227011175 0ustar jtnjtnE6C13 (C) Which of the following is an advantage of BiCMOS logic? A. Its simplicity results in much less expensive devices than standard CMOS B. It is totally immune to electrostatic damage C. It has the high input impedance of CMOS and the low output impedance of bipolar transistors D. All of these choices are correct share/E/E5B040000664000175000017500000000027612644747227011204 0ustar jtnjtnE5B04 (D) What is the time constant of a circuit having two 220 microfarad capacitors and two 1 megohm resistors, all in parallel? A. 55 seconds B. 110 seconds C. 440 seconds D. 220 seconds share/E/E7H020000664000175000017500000000040712644747227011206 0ustar jtnjtnE7H02 (C) Which describes a microphonic? A. An IC used for amplifying microphone signals B. Distortion caused by RF pickup on the microphone cable C. Changes in oscillator frequency due to mechanical vibration D. Excess loading of the microphone by an oscillator share/E/E9A080000664000175000017500000000046712644747227011215 0ustar jtnjtnE9A08 (B) What is meant by antenna bandwidth? A. Antenna length divided by the number of elements B. The frequency range over which an antenna satisfies a performance requirement C. The angle between the half-power radiation points D. The angle formed between two imaginary lines drawn through the element ends share/E/E1A130000664000175000017500000000077212644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE1A13 (B) [97.5] Who must be in physical control of the station apparatus of an amateur station aboard any vessel or craft that is documented or registered in the United States? A. Only a person with an FCC Marine Radio B. Any person holding an FCC issued amateur license or who is authorized for alien reciprocal operation C. Only a person named in an amateur station license grant D. Any person named in an amateur station license grant or a person holding an unrestricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit share/E/E2B170000664000175000017500000000015312644747227011177 0ustar jtnjtnE2B17 (B) What is the approximate bandwidth of a slow-scan TV signal? A. 600 Hz B. 3 kHz C. 2 MHz D. 6 MHz share/E/E8A130000664000175000017500000000026412644747227011203 0ustar jtnjtnE8A13 (A) Which of these methods is commonly used to convert analog signals to digital signals? A. Sequential sampling B. Harmonic regeneration C. Level shifting D. Phase reversal share/E/E5A060000664000175000017500000000056412644747227011205 0ustar jtnjtnE5A06 (B) What is the magnitude of the circulating current within the components of a parallel LC circuit at resonance? A. It is at a minimum B. It is at a maximum C. It equals 1 divided by the quantity 2 times Pi, multiplied by the square root of inductance L multiplied by capacitance C D. It equals 2 multiplied by Pi, multiplied by frequency, multiplied by inductance share/E/E9B090000664000175000017500000000034212644747227011207 0ustar jtnjtnE9B09 (B) What type of computer program technique is commonly used for modeling antennas? A. Graphical analysis B. Method of Moments C. Mutual impedance analysis D. Calculus differentiation with respect to physical properties share/E/E2E050000664000175000017500000000017212644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE2E05 (A) Which type of digital mode does not support keyboard-to-keyboard operation? A. Winlink B. RTTY C. PSK31 D. MFSK share/E/E7E010000664000175000017500000000040112644747227011174 0ustar jtnjtnE7E01 (B) Which of the following can be used to generate FM phone emissions? A. A balanced modulator on the audio amplifier B. A reactance modulator on the oscillator C. A reactance modulator on the final amplifier D. A balanced modulator on the oscillator share/E/E7B100000664000175000017500000000016512644747227011200 0ustar jtnjtnE7B10 (B) In Figure E7-1, what is the purpose of R1 and R2? A. Load resistors B. Fixed bias C. Self bias D. Feedback share/split.awk0000644000175000017500000000226513467615371012211 0ustar jtnjtn# split question pool file into separate file for each question # Copyright (C) 2011-2019 John Nogatch AC6SL # recognize new question/answer info /^[EGT][0-9][A-Z][0-9][0-9] \([A-D])/{ question = $1 # continue copying lines until does not start with ordinary text while ($1 ~ /[A-Za-z0-9 ]/) { # remove spurious \r {gsub( /\r/, "")} # replace \377 spaces {gsub( /\377/, " ")} # remove spurious \302 {gsub( /\302/, "")} # replace \222 apostrophes {gsub( /\222/, "\47")} # replace \223 quotes {gsub( /\223/, "\42")} # replace \224 quotes {gsub( /\224/, "\42")} # replace \226 hyphen {gsub( /\226/, "-")} # replace \240 space {gsub( /\240/, " ")} # replace 3-char exponent leader {gsub( / \342\200.E/, "^")} # replace 3-char apostrophes {gsub( /\342\200\231/, "\47")} # replace 3-char quotes {gsub( /\342\200\234/, "\42")} # replace 3-char quotes {gsub( /\342\200\235/, "\42")} # this print for debug # print "\"" question "\"" $0 # output modified line to question file print $0 > question # read another line & exit if error if (getline != 1) break } # avoid leaving too many descriptors open close( question) } share/Tpngs/0000755000175000017500000000000013467614665011445 5ustar jtnjtnshare/Tpngs/T3.png0000664000175000017500000010734313467614654012451 0ustar jtnjtnPNG  IHDRʉAiCCPicc(c``$PPTR~  |@TTd` 24 Hbd K 1@HR6]bg9- L<% E% )I % yEE%)@P;@%D=13O@DwpCҢ2 HA!!aQ7.+111M`,ɼ %K-V=V{llؾP™yˑk &)B/!*xE(Up^p/bčįHTHIʗ>!S&.{KOEVB%=kU TMTTTu@{N+# kbmMMM_]0irUuMmo_~@}ĠB. g'A[nRXrCʚԛYs/Wl*|W]UM~eIծZj϶ʵ*>ݫwͤٓNvxY$==|E"[|[ʐU׸ݷröM&l5ٶ}]C??sg:?W>ͭw)?0ؓ2_<: >~~uNi? 4ōbKGD̿ pHYs.#.#x?vtIME0[ zTXtRaw profile type 8bimXI:E\E-AlA.mu@[t6Kz/m Mn˗M6Vz\ ³]~*܄xrm9f}ÏG KBH^}=g(p}jrK%M,xC? ? 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