aState
*/
private static final int [] ZZ_ATTRIBUTE = zzUnpackAttribute();
private static final String ZZ_ATTRIBUTE_PACKED_0 =
"\1\0\3\1\4\11\1\0\2\1\1\11\1\0\1\11"+
"\1\0\4\11\1\1\1\11\2\1\1\11\2\1\1\0"+
"\1\11\1\0\1\1\3\0\2\1\5\0\3\11\1\1"+
"\1\0\1\1\1\0\1\1\2\0\1\1\1\0\2\1"+
"\10\0\1\11\1\0\1\1\1\0\1\1\10\0\1\1"+
"\2\0\1\1\2\0\1\11\4\0\1\1\3\0\1\11"+
"\1\0\1\1\1\0";
private static int [] zzUnpackAttribute() {
int [] result = new int[94];
int offset = 0;
offset = zzUnpackAttribute(ZZ_ATTRIBUTE_PACKED_0, offset, result);
return result;
}
private static int zzUnpackAttribute(String packed, int offset, int [] result) {
int i = 0; /* index in packed string */
int j = offset; /* index in unpacked array */
int l = packed.length();
while (i < l) {
int count = packed.charAt(i++);
int value = packed.charAt(i++);
do result[j++] = value; while (--count > 0);
}
return j;
}
/** the input device */
private java.io.Reader zzReader;
/** the current state of the DFA */
private int zzState;
/** the current lexical state */
private int zzLexicalState = YYINITIAL;
/** this buffer contains the current text to be matched and is
the source of the yytext() string */
private char zzBuffer[] = new char[ZZ_BUFFERSIZE];
/** the textposition at the last accepting state */
private int zzMarkedPos;
/** the textposition at the last state to be included in yytext */
private int zzPushbackPos;
/** the current text position in the buffer */
private int zzCurrentPos;
/** startRead marks the beginning of the yytext() string in the buffer */
private int zzStartRead;
/** endRead marks the last character in the buffer, that has been read
from input */
private int zzEndRead;
/** number of newlines encountered up to the start of the matched text */
private int yyline;
/** the number of characters up to the start of the matched text */
private int yychar;
/**
* the number of characters from the last newline up to the start of the
* matched text
*/
private int yycolumn;
/**
* zzAtBOL == true <=> the scanner is currently at the beginning of a line
*/
private boolean zzAtBOL = true;
/** zzAtEOF == true <=> the scanner is at the EOF */
private boolean zzAtEOF;
/* user code: */
int getPos() { return yychar ; }
private boolean emptyString;
private ExternalSheet externalSheet;
private WorkbookMethods nameTable;
void setExternalSheet(ExternalSheet es)
{
externalSheet = es;
}
void setNameTable(WorkbookMethods nt)
{
nameTable = nt;
}
/**
* Creates a new scanner
* There is also a java.io.InputStream version of this constructor.
*
* @param in the java.io.Reader to read input from.
*/
Yylex(java.io.Reader in) {
this.zzReader = in;
}
/**
* Creates a new scanner.
* There is also java.io.Reader version of this constructor.
*
* @param in the java.io.Inputstream to read input from.
*/
Yylex(java.io.InputStream in) {
this(new java.io.InputStreamReader(in));
}
/**
* Unpacks the compressed character translation table.
*
* @param packed the packed character translation table
* @return the unpacked character translation table
*/
private static char [] zzUnpackCMap(String packed) {
char [] map = new char[0x10000];
int i = 0; /* index in packed string */
int j = 0; /* index in unpacked array */
while (i < 100) {
int count = packed.charAt(i++);
char value = packed.charAt(i++);
do map[j++] = value; while (--count > 0);
}
return map;
}
/**
* Refills the input buffer.
*
* @return false, iff there was new input.
*
* @exception java.io.IOException if any I/O-Error occurs
*/
private boolean zzRefill() throws java.io.IOException {
/* first: make room (if you can) */
if (zzStartRead > 0) {
System.arraycopy(zzBuffer, zzStartRead,
zzBuffer, 0,
zzEndRead-zzStartRead);
/* translate stored positions */
zzEndRead-= zzStartRead;
zzCurrentPos-= zzStartRead;
zzMarkedPos-= zzStartRead;
zzPushbackPos-= zzStartRead;
zzStartRead = 0;
}
/* is the buffer big enough? */
if (zzCurrentPos >= zzBuffer.length) {
/* if not: blow it up */
char newBuffer[] = new char[zzCurrentPos*2];
System.arraycopy(zzBuffer, 0, newBuffer, 0, zzBuffer.length);
zzBuffer = newBuffer;
}
/* finally: fill the buffer with new input */
int numRead = zzReader.read(zzBuffer, zzEndRead,
zzBuffer.length-zzEndRead);
if (numRead < 0) {
return true;
}
else {
zzEndRead+= numRead;
return false;
}
}
/**
* Closes the input stream.
*/
public final void yyclose() throws java.io.IOException {
zzAtEOF = true; /* indicate end of file */
zzEndRead = zzStartRead; /* invalidate buffer */
if (zzReader != null)
zzReader.close();
}
/**
* Resets the scanner to read from a new input stream.
* Does not close the old reader.
*
* All internal variables are reset, the old input stream
* cannot be reused (internal buffer is discarded and lost).
* Lexical state is set to ZZ_INITIAL.
*
* @param reader the new input stream
*/
public final void yyreset(java.io.Reader reader) {
zzReader = reader;
zzAtBOL = true;
zzAtEOF = false;
zzEndRead = zzStartRead = 0;
zzCurrentPos = zzMarkedPos = zzPushbackPos = 0;
yyline = yychar = yycolumn = 0;
zzLexicalState = YYINITIAL;
}
/**
* Returns the current lexical state.
*/
public final int yystate() {
return zzLexicalState;
}
/**
* Enters a new lexical state
*
* @param newState the new lexical state
*/
public final void yybegin(int newState) {
zzLexicalState = newState;
}
/**
* Returns the text matched by the current regular expression.
*/
public final String yytext() {
return new String( zzBuffer, zzStartRead, zzMarkedPos-zzStartRead );
}
/**
* Returns the character at position pos from the
* matched text.
*
* It is equivalent to yytext().charAt(pos), but faster
*
* @param pos the position of the character to fetch.
* A value from 0 to yylength()-1.
*
* @return the character at position pos
*/
public final char yycharat(int pos) {
return zzBuffer[zzStartRead+pos];
}
/**
* Returns the length of the matched text region.
*/
public final int yylength() {
return zzMarkedPos-zzStartRead;
}
/**
* Reports an error that occured while scanning.
*
* In a wellformed scanner (no or only correct usage of
* yypushback(int) and a match-all fallback rule) this method
* will only be called with things that "Can't Possibly Happen".
* If this method is called, something is seriously wrong
* (e.g. a JFlex bug producing a faulty scanner etc.).
*
* Usual syntax/scanner level error handling should be done
* in error fallback rules.
*
* @param errorCode the code of the errormessage to display
*/
private void zzScanError(int errorCode) {
String message;
try {
message = ZZ_ERROR_MSG[errorCode];
}
catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
message = ZZ_ERROR_MSG[ZZ_UNKNOWN_ERROR];
}
throw new Error(message);
}
/**
* Pushes the specified amount of characters back into the input stream.
*
* They will be read again by then next call of the scanning method
*
* @param number the number of characters to be read again.
* This number must not be greater than yylength()!
*/
public void yypushback(int number) {
if ( number > yylength() )
zzScanError(ZZ_PUSHBACK_2BIG);
zzMarkedPos -= number;
}
/**
* Resumes scanning until the next regular expression is matched,
* the end of input is encountered or an I/O-Error occurs.
*
* @return the next token
* @exception java.io.IOException if any I/O-Error occurs
*/
public ParseItem yylex() throws java.io.IOException, jxl.biff.formula.FormulaException
{
int zzInput;
int zzAction;
// cached fields:
int zzCurrentPosL;
int zzMarkedPosL;
int zzEndReadL = zzEndRead;
char [] zzBufferL = zzBuffer;
char [] zzCMapL = ZZ_CMAP;
int [] zzTransL = ZZ_TRANS;
int [] zzRowMapL = ZZ_ROWMAP;
int [] zzAttrL = ZZ_ATTRIBUTE;
while (true) {
zzMarkedPosL = zzMarkedPos;
yychar+= zzMarkedPosL-zzStartRead;
boolean zzR = false;
for (zzCurrentPosL = zzStartRead; zzCurrentPosL < zzMarkedPosL;
zzCurrentPosL++) {
switch (zzBufferL[zzCurrentPosL]) {
case '\u000B':
case '\u000C':
case '\u0085':
case '\u2028':
case '\u2029':
yyline++;
zzR = false;
break;
case '\r':
yyline++;
zzR = true;
break;
case '\n':
if (zzR)
zzR = false;
else {
yyline++;
}
break;
default:
zzR = false;
}
}
if (zzR) {
// peek one character ahead if it is \n (if we have counted one line too much)
boolean zzPeek;
if (zzMarkedPosL < zzEndReadL)
zzPeek = zzBufferL[zzMarkedPosL] == '\n';
else if (zzAtEOF)
zzPeek = false;
else {
boolean eof = zzRefill();
zzEndReadL = zzEndRead;
zzMarkedPosL = zzMarkedPos;
zzBufferL = zzBuffer;
if (eof)
zzPeek = false;
else
zzPeek = zzBufferL[zzMarkedPosL] == '\n';
}
if (zzPeek) yyline--;
}
zzAction = -1;
zzCurrentPosL = zzCurrentPos = zzStartRead = zzMarkedPosL;
zzState = zzLexicalState;
zzForAction: {
while (true) {
if (zzCurrentPosL < zzEndReadL)
zzInput = zzBufferL[zzCurrentPosL++];
else if (zzAtEOF) {
zzInput = YYEOF;
break zzForAction;
}
else {
// store back cached positions
zzCurrentPos = zzCurrentPosL;
zzMarkedPos = zzMarkedPosL;
boolean eof = zzRefill();
// get translated positions and possibly new buffer
zzCurrentPosL = zzCurrentPos;
zzMarkedPosL = zzMarkedPos;
zzBufferL = zzBuffer;
zzEndReadL = zzEndRead;
if (eof) {
zzInput = YYEOF;
break zzForAction;
}
else {
zzInput = zzBufferL[zzCurrentPosL++];
}
}
int zzNext = zzTransL[ zzRowMapL[zzState] + zzCMapL[zzInput] ];
if (zzNext == -1) break zzForAction;
zzState = zzNext;
int zzAttributes = zzAttrL[zzState];
if ( (zzAttributes & 1) == 1 ) {
zzAction = zzState;
zzMarkedPosL = zzCurrentPosL;
if ( (zzAttributes & 8) == 8 ) break zzForAction;
}
}
}
// store back cached position
zzMarkedPos = zzMarkedPosL;
switch (zzAction < 0 ? zzAction : ZZ_ACTION[zzAction]) {
case 12:
{ return new Minus() ;
}
case 31: break;
case 7:
{ return new CloseParentheses() ;
}
case 32: break;
case 3:
{ return new IntegerValue(yytext()) ;
}
case 33: break;
case 24:
{ return new DoubleValue(yytext()) ;
}
case 34: break;
case 29:
{ return new ColumnRange3d(yytext(),externalSheet) ;
}
case 35: break;
case 4:
{ return new RangeSeparator();
}
case 36: break;
case 10:
{ return new Divide() ;
}
case 37: break;
case 25:
{ return new CellReference3d(yytext(),externalSheet) ;
}
case 38: break;
case 26:
{ return new BooleanValue(yytext());
}
case 39: break;
case 15:
{ return new Equal() ;
}
case 40: break;
case 17:
{ yybegin(YYINITIAL); if (emptyString) return new StringValue("");
}
case 41: break;
case 8:
{ emptyString = true; yybegin(YYSTRING);
}
case 42: break;
case 21:
{ return new NotEqual() ;
}
case 43: break;
case 22:
{ return new LessEqual() ;
}
case 44: break;
case 16:
{ return new LessThan() ;
}
case 45: break;
case 5:
{ return new ArgumentSeparator() ;
}
case 46: break;
case 30:
{ return new Area3d(yytext(),externalSheet) ;
}
case 47: break;
case 14:
{ return new GreaterThan() ;
}
case 48: break;
case 18:
{ return new CellReference(yytext()) ;
}
case 49: break;
case 20:
{ return new GreaterEqual() ;
}
case 50: break;
case 27:
{ return new Area(yytext()) ;
}
case 51: break;
case 23:
{ return new ColumnRange(yytext());
}
case 52: break;
case 1:
{ emptyString = false; return new StringValue(yytext()) ;
}
case 53: break;
case 2:
{ return new NameRange(yytext(), nameTable);
}
case 54: break;
case 19:
{ return new StringFunction(yytext()) ;
}
case 55: break;
case 11:
{ return new Plus() ;
}
case 56: break;
case 28:
{ return new ErrorConstant(yytext());
}
case 57: break;
case 9:
{
}
case 58: break;
case 13:
{ return new Multiply() ;
}
case 59: break;
case 6:
{ return new OpenParentheses() ;
}
case 60: break;
default:
if (zzInput == YYEOF && zzStartRead == zzCurrentPos) {
zzAtEOF = true;
return null;
}
else {
zzScanError(ZZ_NO_MATCH);
}
}
}
}
}
jexcelapi/build/xlformula.flex 0000750 0001750 0001750 00000010753 11207000662 016704 0 ustar drazzib drazzib /*********************************************************************
*
* Copyright (C) 2002 Andrew Khan
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
***************************************************************************/
package jxl.biff.formula;
/**
* This file is generated by JLex. Do not alter the contents of this file
* because changes will be overridden
*/
import jxl.biff.WorkbookMethods;
%%
%{
int getPos() { return yychar ; }
%}
%{
private boolean emptyString;
%}
%{
private ExternalSheet externalSheet;
private WorkbookMethods nameTable;
void setExternalSheet(ExternalSheet es)
{
externalSheet = es;
}
void setNameTable(WorkbookMethods nt)
{
nameTable = nt;
}
%}
%yylexthrow{
jxl.biff.formula.FormulaException
%yylexthrow}
%line
%char
%unicode
%type ParseItem
%state YYSTRING
ALPHA=[A-Za-z]
DIGIT=[0-9]
RANGE_SEPARATOR=":"
ARGUMENT_SEPARATOR=","
OPEN_PARENTHESES="("
CLOSE_PARENTHESES=")"
INTEGER={DIGIT}+
FLOAT={DIGIT}+"."{DIGIT}+
NON_RELATIVE_CELL_IND="$"
BOOLEAN_TRUE="TRUE"
BOOLEAN_FALSE="FALSE"
QUOTE="\""
STRING=[^\"]*
SINGLE_QUOTE="'"
CELL_REFERENCE={NON_RELATIVE_CELL_IND}?{ALPHA}{ALPHA}?{NON_RELATIVE_CELL_IND}?{INTEGER}
CELL_RANGE={CELL_REFERENCE}{RANGE_SEPARATOR}{CELL_REFERENCE}
NAME={ALPHA}({ALPHA}|{INTEGER}|_)*
SHEET_NAME={SINGLE_QUOTE}[^\']*{SINGLE_QUOTE}
COLUMN_RANGE={NON_RELATIVE_CELL_IND}?{ALPHA}{ALPHA}?{RANGE_SEPARATOR}{NON_RELATIVE_CELL_IND}?{ALPHA}{ALPHA}?
CELL_RANGE_3D={CELL_REFERENCE_3D}:{CELL_REFERENCE}
CELL_REFERENCE_3D={SHEET_NAME}\!{CELL_REFERENCE}
CELL_REFERENCE_3D2=({ALPHA})+\!{CELL_REFERENCE}
COLUMN_RANGE_3D={SHEET_NAME}\!{COLUMN_RANGE}
WHITE_SPACE=[\n\ \t\b\012]
START_FUNCTION={ALPHA}+{OPEN_PARENTHESES}
ERROR_CONSTANT="#NULL!"|"#DIV/0!"|"#VALUE!"|"#REF!"|"#NAME?"|"#NUM!"
%%
Java Excel API Tutorial
Contents
IntroductionIntroduction
The information presented in this tutorial is intended as a brief overview as to how JExcelApi may be used to read and write data in Excel format. The tutorial is by no means exhaustive, and if something is not described here, it does not mean that it cannot be done. The reader is encouraged to examine the API documentation and the sample code (particularly Write.java and ReadWrite.java) in order to gain a more complete understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the software.
Reading Spreadsheets
JExcelApi can read an Excel spreadsheet from a file stored on the local
filesystem or from some input stream.
The first step when reading a spreadsheet from a file or input stream
is to create a Workbook. The code fragment below illustrates
creating a workbook from a file on the local filesystem.
import java.io.File;(NOTE: when creating a spreadsheet from a ServletInputStream you must remove the HTTP header information before creating the Workbook object.)
import java.util.Date;
import jxl.*;
...
Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("myfile.xls"));
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);Once you have a sheet, you can then start accessing the cells. You can retrieve the cell's contents as a string by using the convenience method getContents(). In the example code below, A1 is a text cell, B2 is numerical value and C2 is a date. The contents of these cells may be accessed as follows
Cell a1 = sheet.getCell(0,0);The demo programs CSV.java and XML.java use the convenience method getContents() in order to output the spreadsheet contents.
Cell b2 = sheet.getCell(1,1);
Cell c2 = sheet.getCell(2,1);
String stringa1 = a1.getContents();
String stringb2 = b2.getContents();
String stringc2 = c2.getContents();
// Do stuff with the strings etc
...
String stringa1 = null;When you have finished processing all the cells, use the close() method. This frees up any allocated memory used when reading spreadsheets and is particularly important when reading large spreadsheets.
double numberb2 = 0;
Date datec2 = null;
Cell a1 = sheet.getCell(0,0);
Cell b2 = sheet.getCell(1,1);
Cell c2 = sheet.getCell(2,1);
if (a1.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
{
LabelCell lc = (LabelCell) a1;
stringa1 = lc.getString();
}
if (b2.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
{
NumberCell nc = (NumberCell) b2;
numberb2 = nc.getValue();
}
if (c2.getType() == CellType.DATE)
{
DateCell dc = (DateCell) c2;
datec2 = dc.getDate();
}
// Do stuff with dates and doubles
...
// Finished - close the workbook and free up memory
workbook.close();
Writing Spreadsheets
Fundamentals
This section describes how to write out simple spreadsheet data without
any formatting information, such as fonts or decimal places.
Similarly to reading a spreadsheet, the first step is to create a
writable workbook using the factory method on the Workbook class.
import java.io.File;This creates the workbook object. The generated file will be located in the current working directory and will be called "output.xls". The API can also be used to send the workbook directly to an output stream eg. from a web server to the user's browser. If the HTTP header is set correctly, then this will launch Excel and display the generated spreadsheet.
import java.util.Date;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
...
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("output.xls"));
WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("First Sheet", 0);Now all that remains is to add the cells into the worksheet. This is simply a matter of instantiating cell objects and adding them to the sheet. The following code fragment puts a label in cell A3, and the number 3.14159 in cell D5.
Label label = new Label(0, 2, "A label record");There are a couple of points to note here. Firstly, the cell's location in the sheet is specified as part of the constructor information. Once created, it is not possible to change a cell's location, although the cell's contents may be altered.
sheet.addCell(label);
Number number = new Number(3, 4, 3.1459);
sheet.addCell(number);
...
// All sheets and cells added. Now write out the workbook
workbook.write();
workbook.close();
Adding Format Information
The previous section illustrates the fundamentals of generating an
Excel compatible spreadsheet using the JExcelApi. However,
as it stands Excel will render the data in
the default font, and will display the numbers to 3 decimal places. In
order to supply formatting information to Excel, we must make use
of the overloaded constructor, which takes an additional object
containing the cell's formatting information (both the font and
the style).
The code fragment below illustrates creating a label cell for an arial
10 point font.
// Create a cell format for Arial 10 point fontCell formats objects are shared, so many cells may use the same format object, eg.
WritableFont arial10font = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL, 10);
WritableCellFormat arial10format = new WritableCellFormat (arial10font);
// Create the label, specifying content and format
Label label2 = new Label(1,0, "Arial 10 point label", arial10format);
sheet.addCell(label2);
Label label3 = new Label(2, 0, "Another Arial 10 point label", arial10format);This creates another label, with the same format, in cell C1.
sheet.addCell(label3);
// Create a cell format for Times 16, bold and italic
WritableFont times16font = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 16, WritableFont.BOLD, true);
WritableCellFormat times16format = new WritableCellFormat (times16font);
// Create the label, specifying content and format
Label label4 = new Label(3,0, "Times 16 bold italic label", times16format);
sheet.addCell(label4);
Formatting Numbers
Number formatting information may be passed to the cell format object
by a similar mechanism to that described for fonts.
A variety of predefined number formats are defined statically.
These may be used to format numerical values as follows:
WritableCellFormat integerFormat = new WritableCellFormat (NumberFormats.INTEGER);The above code inserts the value 3.14159 into cells A5 and B5, using the preset integer and floating points format respectively. When Excel renders these cells, A5 will display as "3" and B5 will display as "3.14", even though both cells contain the same floating point value.
Number number2 = new Number(0, 4, 3.141519, integerFormat);
sheet.addCell(number2);
WritableCellFormat floatFormat = new WritableCellFormat (NumberFormats.FLOAT);
Number number3 = new Number(1, 4, 3.141519, floatFormat);
sheet.addCell(number3);
NumberFormat fivedps = new NumberFormat("#.#####");It is, of course, also possible to specify font information as well eg. to display the same value in the 16 point times bold font defined earlier we can write
WritableCellFormat fivedpsFormat = new WritableCellFormat(fivedps);
Number number4 = new Number(2, 4, 3.141519, fivedpsFormat);
sheet.addCell(number4);
WritableCellFormat fivedpsFontFormat = new WritableCellFormat (times16font, fivedps);
Number number5 = new Number(3, 4, 3.141519, fivedpsFontFormat);
sheet.addCell(number5);
Formatting Dates
Dates are handled similarly to numbers, taking in a format compatible
with that used by the java.text.SimpleDateFormat class.
In addition, several predefined date formats are specified in
the jxl.write.DateFormat class.
As a brief example, the below code fragment illustrates placing
the current date and time in cell A7 using a custom format:
// Get the current date and time from the Calendar objectAs with numbers, font information may be used to display the date text by using the overloaded constructors on WritableCellFormat.
Date now = Calendar.getInstance().getTime();
DateFormat customDateFormat = new DateFormat ("dd MMM yyyy hh:mm:ss");
WritableCellFormat dateFormat = new WritableCellFormat (customDateFormat);
DateTime dateCell = new DateTime(0, 6, now, dateFormat);
sheet.addCell(dateCell);
Copying and Modifying Spreadsheets
This section describes the scenario where a spreadsheet is read in,
it's contents altered in some way and the modified spreadsheet
written out.
The first stage is to read in the spreadsheet in the normal way:
import java.io.File;This creates a readable spreadsheet. To obtain a writable version of this spreadsheet, a copy must be made, as follows:
import java.util.Date;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
...
Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("myfile.xls"));
WritableWorkbook copy = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("output.xls"), workbook);The API functions this way is for reasons of read efficiency (since this is the primary use of the API). In order to improve performance, data which relates to output information (eg. all the formatting information such as fonts) is not interpreted when the spreadsheet is read, since this is superfluous when interrogating the raw data values. However, if we need to modify this spreadsheet a handle to the various write interfaces is needed, which can be obtained using the copy method above. This copies the information that has already been read in as well as performing the additional processing to interpret the fields that are necessary to for writing spreadsheets. The disadvantage of this read-optimized strategy is that we have two spreadsheets held in memory rather than just one, thus doubling the memory requirements. For this reason copying and modifying large spreadsheets can be expensive in terms of processing and memory.
WritableSheet sheet2 = copy.getSheet(1);There is no need to call the add() method on the sheet, since the cell is already present on the sheet. The contents of numerical and date cells may be modified in a similar way, by using the setValue() and setDate() methods respectively.
WritableCell cell = sheet2.getWritableCell(1, 2);
if (cell.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
{
Label l = (Label) cell;
l.setString("modified cell");
}
WritableSheet sheet2 = copy.getSheet(1);Since the copy of the workbook is an ordinary writable workbook, new cells may be added to the sheet, thus:
WritableCell cell = sheet2.getWritableCell(2, 4);
NumberFormat fivedps = new NumberFormat("#.#####");
WritableCellFormat cellFormat = new WritableCellFormat(fivedps);
cell.setFormat(cellFormat);
Label label = new Label(0, 2, "New label record");As before, once the modifications are complete, the workbook must be written out and closed.
sheet2.addCell(label);
Number number = new Number(3, 4, 3.1459);
sheet2.addCell(number);
...The demo program contained in the source file ReadWrite.java may be studied as a more exhaustive example of how spreadsheets may be modified. This demo program copies the spreadsheet passed in on the command line; if the spreadsheet to be copied is the example spreadsheet, jxlrwtest.xls, located in the current directory, then certain modifications are carried out. DO NOT MODIFY THE EXAMPLE SPREADSHEET, otherwise the demo program will not work.
// All cells modified/added. Now write out the workbook
copy.write();
copy.close();
Demonstration and Test Programs
JExcelApi comes with a raft of demonstration and test programs contained in the package jxl.demo. These may be accessed from the command line as follows
java -jar jxl.jar -csv spreadsheet.xlsReads spreadsheet.xls and writes out the corresponding csv data to the standard output. The -csv option is the default and may omitted
java -jar jxl.jar -xml spreadsheet.xlsReads spreadsheet.xls and writes out the corresponding cell data to the standard output as XML.
java -jar jxl.jar -xml -format spreadsheet.xlsAs above, but includes formatting information (font, number formats etc) in the generated XML
java -jar jxl.jar -formulas spreadsheet.xlsReads spreadsheet.xls and displays all the formulas contained in that sheet.
java -jar jxl.jar -write test.xlsGenerates a sample test spreadsheet called test.xls
java -jar jxl.jar -rw in.xls out.xlsReads in.xls, copies it and generates a file called out.xls. If the spreadsheet passed in is a special sample spreadsheet called jxlrwtest.xls, then this demo will modify specific cells in the copy, out.xls.
Frequently Asked Questions
java.lang.OutOfMemory Exception
By default a JVM places an upper limit on the amount of memory available
to the current process in order to prevent runaway processes gobbling
system resources and making the machine grind to a halt. When reading
or writing large spreadsheets, the JVM may require more memory than
has been allocated to the JVM by default - this normally manifests itself
as a java.lang.OutOfMemory exception.
For command line processes, you can allocate more memory to the JVM
using the -Xms and -Xmx options eg. to allocate an
initial heap allocation of 10 mB, with 100 mB as the upper bound you can
use
java -Xms10m -Xmx100m -classpath jxl.jar spreadsheet.xlsIn order to allocate more memory in this manner to servlets/JSPs, consult the help documentation for the Web Application Server.
Compiling
The distribution of JExcelApi comes with a build.xml file. This may be
used by the build tool, ant, in order to build the software. If ant is
not already installed on your machine, it may obtained
here.
To build API using ant simply change to the subdirectory called build,
from the command line, type
antThis will detect any source files which have recent changes, compile them and create the jar file in the parent directory.
ant jxlallAs an alternative to using ant, JExcelApi may be built using the standard java tools. From the command line in the build subdirectory issue the following sequence of commands (modifying file separators and classpath separators as required for the target operating system):
javac -d out -classpath out:../src ../src/jxl/demo/*.java
jar cmf jxl.mf ../jxl.jar -C out common jxl
Uploading spreadsheets via the browser
Below is some indicative code which may be used for uploading
spreadsheets from a client browser to servlet.
In the HTML page which is displayed to the user requesting the
upload, declare a form of multipart form data:
<form action="/test/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">The servlet which processes this code should access the input stream directly. Because of the encoding method, it is not possible to use the request.getParameter() methods.
<input size="70" type="file" name="spreadsheet" />
<br /><br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Upload File" />
</form>
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
try
{
ServletInputStream is = request.getInputStream();
byte[] junk = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead = 0;
// the first four lines are request junk
bytesRead = is.readLine(junk, 0, junk.length);
bytesRead = is.readLine(junk, 0, junk.length);
bytesRead = is.readLine(junk, 0, junk.length);
bytesRead = is.readLine(junk, 0, junk.length);
Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(is);
// Do stuff with the workbook
...
}
catch (JXLException e)
{
...
}
}
Support for charts, macros and images
JExcelApi has limited support for charts: when copying a spreadsheet containing a chart, the chart is written out to the generated spreadsheet (as long as the sheet containing the chart contains other data as well as the chart).
All macro and information is ignored. Consequently when copying and writing out the macros that were in the original will not be present in the generated version.
All image information is preserved when copying spreadsheets. When adding an image to a spreadsheet only images in PNG format are supported
Date display
When displaying dates, the java.util package automatically adjusts for the local timezone. This can cause problems when displaying dates within an application, as the dates look as if they are exactly one day previous to that which is stored in the Excel spreadsheet, although this is not in fact the case.
Excel stores dates as a numerical value, and the conversion process for transforming this into a java.util.Date consists of converting the Excel number into a UTC value and then using the UTC number to create the java Date. Say the number in Excel represents 20 August 2003, then the UTC equivalent of this number is used to create a java.util.Date object.
The problem occurs if you are operating in a timezone other than GMT. As soon as you try and perform any user IO on that java Date object (eg. System.out.print(date)) the JVM will perform timezone adjustment calculations. If you are located in EST zone (which is GMT - 5 hours) java will subtract 5 hours from the date - so the Date object instead of being 00:00 20/08/2003 becomes 19:00 19/08/2003. Because java recognizes you only want a date and not a date time, it truncates the hours/minutes/seconds and presents 19/08/2003 - so it appears that the day is one day less than was stored in Excel, whereas it is really only a few hours (the timezone offset) less. Needless to say, this is a very annoying feature.
The easiest way to work around this (and the method used internally by the getContents() method of a jxl.DateCell) is to force the timezone of the date format as follows:
TimeZone gmtZone = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT");
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("dd MMM yyyy");
format.setTimeZone(gmtZone);
DateCell dateCell = ....
String dateString = format.format(dateCell.getDate());
Cell Formats Across Multiple Workbooks
Sometimes a single process may generate multiple workbooks. When doing this is it tempting to create the various cell formats once (eg. as member data or as static constants) and apply them to cells in both workbooks. This works fine for the first workbook, but for subsequent workbooks this can cause unexpected cell formatting. The reason for this is that when a format is first added to a workbook, JExcelApi assigns an internal cross-reference number to that cell, and all other cells which share this format simply store the cross reference number. However, when you add the same cell format to a different workbook, JExcelApi recognizes that the format has been added to a workbook, and simply refers to the format by the index number, rather than by initializing it properly. When Excel then tries to read this workbook, it sees an index number, but is unable to read the cell format (or reads a different one) as the cell can be formatted in an unpredictable manner.
The long and the short of it is that if it is necessary to re-use formats across multiple workbooks, then the WritableCellFormat objects must be re-created and initialised along with the each Workbook instance, and NOT re-used from a previous workbook.
Cross Sheet Formulas
JExcelApi supports formulas across sheets. However, please make sure all the sheets have been added to the workbook (even if they are blank) before attempting to create cross sheet formulas. This is because if you create a cross sheet formula referencing a sheet and then subsequently and or remove sheets from the workbook, the sheet reference in the formula when it was parsed won't necessarily reference the correct sheet, and could even cause Excel to crash
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