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R bhhgL †OEGt:dY h4N˝\.FD7H$Ip\Bi0ܟroO)]@x<2L ?c*@)$nNUQ(X,_ev11 ?(R3hRJN3A=H?n;lx1-!r#QSx<|V1Xtk`dlOʲ|VQQQXKDᨣn  ~8\ɴwueP|!nr 2i& pM:H G/,,|s"3a.yټyppRcJbxx3-~.B~ۻd@8( F)ONܴɡ~s8Fac싢HeY&P8SA=aRJ\,@A <3ePJ!I~?~=!f71I-Id#XP2 @A`ʀ1^Et@;'$IP\\3m)!=Rp,pkdCр8B`dJ)dY(!{<Of/8qBw,WX *:qBH_@) }dY}$IRYi|vJ%ǜ3G (PJ!uPSp (O9@)` NOXvR@)lE image/svg+xml powerstat powerstat-0.02.15/powerstat.c0000644000175000017500000022662613234324611014562 0ustar kingking/* * Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Canonical * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. * * Author: Colin Ian King */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define MIN_RUN_DURATION (5*60) /* We recommend a run of 5 minutes */ #define MIN_RUN_DURATION_RAPL (60) /* RAPL, 60 seconds is enough */ #define SAMPLE_DELAY (10.0) /* Delay between samples in seconds */ #define SAMPLE_DELAY_RAPL (1.0) /* Delay between samples for RAPL mode */ #define START_DELAY (3*60) /* Delay to wait before sampling */ #define START_DELAY_RAPL (0.0) /* Delay to wait before sampling, RAPL */ #define MIN_SAMPLE_DELAY (0.5) /* Minimum sample delay */ #define ROLLING_AVERAGE_SECS (120) /* 2 minute rolling average for power calculation */ #define STANDARD_AVERAGE_SECS (120) #define MAX_MEASUREMENTS (ROLLING_AVERAGE_SECS + 10) #define MAX_PIDS (32769) /* Hash Max PIDs */ #define RATE_ZERO_LIMIT (0.001) /* Less than this we call the power rate zero */ #define IDLE_THRESHOLD (98) /* Less than this and we assume the device is not idle */ #define MAX_POWER_DOMAINS (16) /* Maximum number of power domains allowed */ #define MAX_THERMAL_ZONES (16) /* Maximum number of thermal zones allowed */ /* Histogram specific constants */ #define MAX_DIVISIONS (10) #define HISTOGRAM_WIDTH (40) #define GOT_TGID (0x01) #define GOT_PPID (0x02) #define GOT_ALL (GOT_TGID | GOT_PPID) #define I915_ENERGY_UJ "/sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/i915_energy_uJ" #define SIZEOF_ARRAY(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0])) #define MAX(x, y) (x) > (y) ? (x) : (y) #define MIN(x, y) (x) > (y) ? (y) : (x) #define FLOAT_TINY (0.0000001) #define FLOAT_CMP(a, b) (fabs((a) - (b)) < FLOAT_TINY) /* Statistics gathered from /proc/stat and process activity */ typedef enum { CPU_USER = 0, CPU_NICE, CPU_SYS, CPU_IDLE, CPU_IOWAIT, CPU_TOTAL, CPU_IRQ , CPU_SOFTIRQ, CPU_INTR, CPU_CTXT, CPU_PROCS_RUN, CPU_PROCS_BLK, CPU_FREQ, PROC_FORK, PROC_EXEC, PROC_EXIT, POWER_TOTAL, POWER_GPU, POWER_DOMAIN_0, THERMAL_ZONE_0 = POWER_DOMAIN_0 + MAX_POWER_DOMAINS, MAX_VALUES = THERMAL_ZONE_0 + MAX_THERMAL_ZONES, } stat_type; /* * C-State information, 1 for each unique C-state */ typedef struct cpu_state { struct cpu_state *hash_next; /* next in hash table */ struct cpu_state *list_next; /* linked list of C-states */ struct cpu_info *cpu_info_list; /* linked list of CPUs that have this state */ char *name; /* C-State name, e.g. C1E-IVB */ char *name_short; /* short name, e.g. C1E */ uint64_t latency; /* latency */ uint64_t usage_total; /* total usage count */ double resident; /* percentage time resident in this state */ } cpu_state_t; /* * Per CPU C-State info, total of these are * N-CPUs x N-CPU states */ typedef struct cpu_info { struct cpu_info *hash_next; /* Next in hash table */ struct cpu_info *list_next; /* Next in list of cpu_infos list */ uint32_t cpu_id; /* CPU ID */ char *state; /* C-State sysfs name, e.g 'state2' */ cpu_state_t *cpu_state; /* C-State info */ double prev_tod; /* Previous Time-of-Day */ double tod; /* Time of Day */ double tod_diff; /* Difference between current and previous tod */ uint64_t prev_time; /* Previous #microseconds in this C-state */ uint64_t time; /* Current #microseconds in this C-state */ uint64_t time_diff; /* Difference in microseconds in this C-state */ uint64_t prev_usage; /* Previous usage count */ uint64_t usage; /* Current usage count */ uint64_t usage_diff; /* Difference in usage count */ } cpu_info_t; typedef struct { double threshold; double scale; char *suffix; } cpu_freq_scale_t; static cpu_freq_scale_t cpu_freq_scale[] = { { 1e1, 1e0, "Hz" }, { 1e4, 1e3, "KHz" }, { 1e7, 1e6, "MHz" }, { 1e10, 1e9, "GHz" }, { 1e13, 1e12, "THz" }, { 1e16, 1e15, "PHz" }, { -1.0, -1.0, NULL } }; #define MAX_STATES (67) #define MAX_CPUS (1031) static cpu_state_t *cpu_states_list; /* List of all CPU-states */ static cpu_state_t *cpu_states[MAX_STATES];/* Hash of all CPU-states */ static cpu_info_t *cpu_info[MAX_CPUS]; /* Hash of all CPU infos */ static const char *cpu_path = "/sys/devices/system/cpu"; /* Arg opt flags */ #define OPTS_SHOW_PROC_ACTIVITY (0x0001) /* dump out process activity */ #define OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY (0x0002) /* tasks fork/exec/exit */ #define OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE (0x0004) /* when idle below idle_threshold */ #define OPTS_ZERO_RATE_ALLOW (0x0008) /* force allow zero rates */ #define OPTS_ROOT_PRIV (0x0010) /* has root privilege */ #define OPTS_STANDARD_AVERAGE (0x0020) /* calc standard average */ #define OPTS_RAPL (0x0040) /* use Intel RAPL */ #define OPTS_START_DELAY (0x0080) /* -d option used */ #define OPTS_SAMPLE_DELAY (0x0100) /* sample delay has been specified */ #define OPTS_DOMAIN_STATS (0x0200) /* Extra wide power domain stats */ #define OPTS_HISTOGRAM (0x0400) /* Histogram */ #define OPTS_CSTATES (0x0800) /* C-STATES dump */ #define OPTS_CPU_FREQ (0x1000) /* Average CPU frequency */ #define OPTS_NO_STATS_HEADINGS (0x2000) /* No stats headings */ #define OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE (0x4000) /* Thermal zones */ #define OPTS_GPU (0x8000) /* graphics */ #define OPTS_USE_NETLINK (OPTS_SHOW_PROC_ACTIVITY | \ OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY | \ OPTS_ROOT_PRIV) #define SYS_CLASS_POWER_SUPPLY "/sys/class/power_supply" #define PROC_ACPI_BATTERY "/proc/acpi/battery" #define SYS_FIELD_VOLTAGE "POWER_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_NOW=" #define SYS_FIELD_WATTS_RATE "POWER_SUPPLY_POWER_NOW=" #define SYS_FIELD_WATTS_LEFT "POWER_SUPPLY_ENERGY_NOW=" #define SYS_FIELD_AMPS_RATE "POWER_SUPPLY_CURRENT_NOW=" #define SYS_FIELD_AMPS_LEFT "POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_NOW=" #define SYS_FIELD_STATUS_DISCHARGING "POWER_SUPPLY_STATUS=Discharging" #if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64) || \ defined(__i386__) || defined(__i386) #define POWERSTAT_X86 #endif /* Measurement entry */ typedef struct { double value; /* Measurement value */ time_t when; /* When it was measured */ } measurement_t; /* Statistics entry */ typedef struct { double value[MAX_VALUES]; /* /proc/stats values */ bool inaccurate[MAX_VALUES]; /* True if not accurate reading */ } stats_t; /* /proc info cache */ typedef struct { pid_t pid; /* Process ID */ char *cmdline; /* /proc/pid/cmdline text */ } proc_info_t; /* Log item link list */ typedef struct log_item_t { struct log_item_t *next; /* Next log item */ char *text; /* Log text */ } log_item_t; /* Log list header */ typedef struct { log_item_t *head; /* List head */ log_item_t *tail; /* List tail */ } log_t; /* RAPL domain info */ typedef struct rapl_info { struct rapl_info *next; /* Next RAPL domain */ char *name; /* RAPL name */ char *domain_name; /* RAPL domain name */ double max_energy_uj; /* Energy in micro Joules */ double last_energy_uj; /* Last energy reading in micro Joules */ double t_last; /* Time of last reading */ bool is_package; /* Is it a package? */ } rapl_info_t; /* Thermal zone info */ typedef struct tz_info { struct tz_info *next; /* Next TZ */ char *name; /* Thermal Zone pathname */ char *type; /* Thermal Zone type */ } tz_info_t; #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) static rapl_info_t *rapl_list = NULL; /* List of RAPL domains */ #endif static tz_info_t *tz_list = NULL; /* List of thermal zones */ static proc_info_t *proc_info[MAX_PIDS]; /* Proc hash table */ static uint32_t max_readings; /* number of samples to gather */ static double sample_delay = SAMPLE_DELAY; /* time between each sample in secs */ static int32_t start_delay = START_DELAY; /* seconds before we start displaying stats */ static double idle_threshold = IDLE_THRESHOLD; /* lower than this and the CPU is busy */ static log_t infolog; /* log */ static uint32_t opts; /* opt arg opt flags */ static volatile bool stop_recv; /* sighandler stop flag */ static bool power_calc_from_capacity = false; /* true of power is calculated via capacity change */ static const char *app_name = "powerstat"; /* name of application */ static const char *(*get_domain)(const int i) = NULL; static uint8_t power_domains = 0; /* Number of RAPL domains */ static uint8_t thermal_zones = 0; /* Number of thermal zones */ static const char *tz_get_type(const int n); static int tz_get_temperature(stats_t *stats); /* * Attempt to catch a range of signals so * we can clean */ static const int signals[] = { /* POSIX.1-1990 */ #ifdef SIGHUP SIGHUP, #endif #ifdef SIGINT SIGINT, #endif #ifdef SIGQUIT SIGQUIT, #endif #ifdef SIGFPE SIGFPE, #endif #ifdef SIGTERM SIGTERM, #endif #ifdef SIGUSR1 SIGUSR1, #endif #ifdef SIGUSR2 SIGUSR2, /* POSIX.1-2001 */ #endif #ifdef SIGXCPU SIGXCPU, #endif #ifdef SIGXFSZ SIGXFSZ, #endif /* Linux various */ #ifdef SIGIOT SIGIOT, #endif #ifdef SIGSTKFLT SIGSTKFLT, #endif #ifdef SIGPWR SIGPWR, #endif #ifdef SIGINFO SIGINFO, #endif #ifdef SIGVTALRM SIGVTALRM, #endif }; /* * set_prioity * set high priority to try and get netlink activity * before short lived processes die */ static void set_priority(void) { int max; struct sched_param param; int sched; #if defined(SCHED_DEADLINE) sched = SCHED_DEADLINE; #elif defined(SCHED_SCHED_FIFO) sched = SCHED_FIFO; #elif defined(SCHED_RR) sched = SCHED_FIFO; #else sched = SCHED_OTHER; /* Oh well */ #endif if ((max = sched_get_priority_max(sched)) < 0) return; (void)memset(¶m, 0, sizeof(param)); param.sched_priority = max; (void)sched_setscheduler(getpid(), sched, ¶m); } /* * file_get() * read a line from a /sys file */ static char *file_get(const char *const file) { FILE *fp; char buffer[4096]; if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) return NULL; if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp) == NULL) { (void)fclose(fp); return NULL; } (void)fclose(fp); return strdup(buffer); } /* * file_get_uint64() * read a line from a /sys file */ static int file_get_uint64(const char *const file, uint64_t *val) { FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) return -1; if (fscanf(fp, "%" SCNu64, val) != 1) { *val = 0; (void)fclose(fp); return -1; } (void)fclose(fp); return 0; } /* * cpu_freq_format() * scale cpu freq into a human readable form */ static const char *cpu_freq_format(const double freq) { static char buffer[40]; char *suffix = "EHz"; const double f = freq * 1000000.0; /* MHz to Hz */ double scale = 1e18; size_t i; for (i = 0; cpu_freq_scale[i].suffix; i++) { if (f < cpu_freq_scale[i].threshold) { suffix = cpu_freq_scale[i].suffix; scale = cpu_freq_scale[i].scale; break; } } (void)snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%5.2f %-3s", f / scale, suffix); return buffer; } /* * get_parent_pid() * get parent pid and set is_thread to true if process * not forked but a newly created thread */ static pid_t get_parent_pid(const pid_t pid, bool *is_thread) { FILE *fp; char path[PATH_MAX]; char buffer[4096]; pid_t tgid = 0, ppid = 0; unsigned int got = 0; *is_thread = false; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%u/status", pid); if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) return 0; while (((got & GOT_ALL) != GOT_ALL) && (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp) != NULL)) { if (!strncmp(buffer, "Tgid:", 5)) { if (sscanf(buffer + 5, "%10u", &tgid) == 1) { got |= GOT_TGID; } else { tgid = 0; } } if (!strncmp(buffer, "PPid:", 5)) { if (sscanf(buffer + 5, "%10u", &ppid) == 1) { got |= GOT_PPID; } else { ppid = 0; } } } (void)fclose(fp); if ((got & GOT_ALL) == GOT_ALL) { /* TGID and PID are not the same if it is a thread */ if (tgid != pid) { /* In this case, the parent is the TGID */ ppid = tgid; *is_thread = true; } } else { ppid = 0; } return ppid; } /* * tty_height() * try and find height of tty */ static int tty_height(void) { #ifdef TIOCGWINSZ int fd = 0; struct winsize ws; /* if tty and we can get a sane width, return it */ if (isatty(fd) && (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1) && (0 < ws.ws_row) && (ws.ws_row == (size_t)ws.ws_row)) return ws.ws_row; #endif return 25; /* else standard tty 80x25 */ } /* * timeval_to_double * timeval to a double (in seconds) */ static inline double timeval_to_double(const struct timeval *const tv) { return (double)tv->tv_sec + ((double)tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0); } /* * double_to_timeval * seconds in double to timeval */ static inline void double_to_timeval(const double val, struct timeval *tv) { tv->tv_sec = val; tv->tv_usec = (val - (time_t)val) * 1000000.0; } /* * gettime_to_double() * get time as a double */ static double gettime_to_double(void) { struct timeval tv; if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) < 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "gettimeofday failed: errno=%d (%s).\n", errno, strerror(errno)); return -1.0; } return timeval_to_double(&tv); } /* * get_time() * Gather current time in buffer */ static void get_time(char *const buffer, const size_t buflen) { struct tm tm; time_t now; now = time(NULL); if (now == ((time_t) -1)) { /* Unknown time! */ (void)snprintf(buffer, buflen, "--:--:-- "); return; } (void)localtime_r(&now, &tm); (void)snprintf(buffer, buflen, "%2.2d:%2.2d:%2.2d ", tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec); } /* * log_init() * Initialise log head */ static inline void log_init(void) { infolog.head = NULL; infolog.tail = NULL; } static int log_printf(const char *const fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))); /* * log_printf() * append log messages in log list */ static int log_printf(const char *const fmt, ...) { char buffer[4096]; char tmbuffer[10]; va_list ap; log_item_t *log_item; size_t len; va_start(ap, fmt); get_time(tmbuffer, sizeof(tmbuffer)); (void)vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, ap); va_end(ap); if ((log_item = calloc(1, sizeof(*log_item))) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory allocating log item.\n"); return -1; } len = strlen(buffer) + strlen(tmbuffer) + 1; if ((log_item->text = calloc(1, len)) == NULL) { free(log_item); (void)fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory allocating log item text.\n"); return -1; } (void)snprintf(log_item->text, len, "%s%s", tmbuffer, buffer); if (infolog.head == NULL) infolog.head = log_item; else infolog.tail->next = log_item; infolog.tail = log_item; return 0; } /* * log_dump() * dump out any saved log messages */ static void log_dump(void) { log_item_t *log_item; if (infolog.head != NULL) (void)printf("\nLog of fork()/exec()/exit() calls:\n"); for (log_item = infolog.head; log_item; log_item = log_item->next) (void)printf("%s", log_item->text); } /* * log_free() * free log messages */ static void log_free(void) { log_item_t *log_item = infolog.head; while (log_item) { log_item_t *log_next = log_item->next; free(log_item->text); free(log_item); log_item = log_next; } infolog.head = NULL; infolog.tail = NULL; } /* * handle_sig() * catch signals and flag a stop */ static void handle_sig(int dummy) { (void)dummy; stop_recv = true; } /* * netlink_connect() * connect to netlink socket */ static int netlink_connect(void) { int sock; struct sockaddr_nl addr; if ((sock = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, NETLINK_CONNECTOR)) < 0) { if (errno == EPROTONOSUPPORT) return -EPROTONOSUPPORT; (void)fprintf(stderr, "socket failed: errno=%d (%s).\n", errno, strerror(errno)); return -1; } (void)memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr)); addr.nl_pid = getpid(); addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; addr.nl_groups = CN_IDX_PROC; if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Bind failed: errno=%d (%s).\n", errno, strerror(errno)); (void)close(sock); return -1; } return sock; } /* * netlink_listen() * proc connector listen */ static int netlink_listen(const int sock) { struct iovec iov[3]; struct nlmsghdr nlmsghdr; struct cn_msg cn_msg; enum proc_cn_mcast_op op; (void)memset(&nlmsghdr, 0, sizeof(nlmsghdr)); nlmsghdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(cn_msg) + sizeof(op)); nlmsghdr.nlmsg_pid = getpid(); nlmsghdr.nlmsg_type = NLMSG_DONE; iov[0].iov_base = &nlmsghdr; iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(nlmsghdr); (void)memset(&cn_msg, 0, sizeof(cn_msg)); cn_msg.id.idx = CN_IDX_PROC; cn_msg.id.val = CN_VAL_PROC; cn_msg.len = sizeof(enum proc_cn_mcast_op); iov[1].iov_base = &cn_msg; iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(cn_msg); op = PROC_CN_MCAST_LISTEN; iov[2].iov_base = &op; iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(op); return writev(sock, iov, 3); } /* * stats_set() * set stats */ static void stats_set( stats_t *const stats, const double value, const bool inaccurate) { int i; for (i = 0; i < MAX_VALUES; i++) { stats->value[i] = value; stats->inaccurate[i] = inaccurate; } } /* * stats_set() * clear stats */ static inline void stats_clear(stats_t *const stats) { stats_set(stats, 0.0, false); } /* * stats_clear_all() * zero stats data */ static void stats_clear_all(stats_t *const stats, const long int n) { int i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) stats_clear(&stats[i]); } static void stats_cpu_freq_read(stats_t *const stats) { struct dirent **cpu_list; int i, n_cpus, n = 0; double total_freq = 0; n_cpus = scandir("/sys/devices/system/cpu", &cpu_list, NULL, alphasort); for (i = 0; i < n_cpus; i++) { char *name = cpu_list[i]->d_name; if (!strncmp(name, "cpu", 3) && isdigit(name[3])) { char path[PATH_MAX]; uint64_t freq; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/%s/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq", name); if (file_get_uint64(path, &freq) == 0) { total_freq += (double)freq / 1000.0; /* In MHz */ n++; } } free(cpu_list[i]); } if (n_cpus > -1) free(cpu_list); if (n) stats->value[CPU_FREQ] = total_freq / n; else stats->value[CPU_FREQ] = 0; } /* * stats_read() * gather pertinent /proc/stat data */ static int stats_read(stats_t *const stats) { FILE *fp; char buf[4096]; int i, j; static stat_type indices[] = { CPU_USER, CPU_NICE, CPU_SYS, CPU_IDLE, CPU_IOWAIT, CPU_IRQ, CPU_SOFTIRQ, CPU_CTXT, CPU_INTR, CPU_PROCS_RUN, CPU_PROCS_BLK, -1 }; for (i = 0; (j = indices[i]) != -1; i++) { stats->value[j] = 0.0; stats->inaccurate[j] = true; } if ((fp = fopen("/proc/stat", "r")) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read /proc/stat, errno=%d (%s).\n", errno, strerror(errno)); return -1; } while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) != NULL) { if (strncmp(buf, "cpu ", 4) == 0) if (sscanf(buf, "%*s %15lf %15lf %15lf %15lf %15lf %15lf %15lf", &(stats->value[CPU_USER]), &(stats->value[CPU_NICE]), &(stats->value[CPU_SYS]), &(stats->value[CPU_IDLE]), &(stats->value[CPU_IOWAIT]), &(stats->value[CPU_IRQ]), &(stats->value[CPU_SOFTIRQ])) == 7) { stats->inaccurate[CPU_USER] = false; stats->inaccurate[CPU_NICE] = false; stats->inaccurate[CPU_SYS] = false; stats->inaccurate[CPU_IDLE] = false; stats->inaccurate[CPU_IOWAIT] = false; stats->inaccurate[CPU_IRQ] = false; stats->inaccurate[CPU_SOFTIRQ] = false; } if (strncmp(buf, "ctxt ", 5) == 0) if (sscanf(buf, "%*s %15lf", &(stats->value[CPU_CTXT])) == 1) stats->inaccurate[CPU_CTXT] = false; if (strncmp(buf, "intr ", 5) == 0) if (sscanf(buf, "%*s %15lf", &(stats->value[CPU_INTR])) == 1) stats->inaccurate[CPU_INTR] = false; if (strncmp(buf, "procs_running ", 14) == 0) if (sscanf(buf, "%*s %15lf", &(stats->value[CPU_PROCS_RUN])) == 1) stats->inaccurate[CPU_PROCS_RUN] = false; if (strncmp(buf, "procs_blocked ", 14) == 0) if (sscanf(buf, "%*s %15lf", &(stats->value[CPU_PROCS_BLK])) == 1) stats->inaccurate[CPU_PROCS_BLK] = false; } (void)fclose(fp); if (opts & OPTS_CPU_FREQ) stats_cpu_freq_read(stats); return 0; } /* * stats_sane() * check if stats are accurate and calculate a * sane -ve delta */ static double stats_sane( const stats_t *const s1, const stats_t *const s2, const int index) { double ret; /* Discard inaccurate or empty stats */ if (s1->inaccurate[index] || s2->inaccurate[index]) return 0.0; /* * On Nexus 4 we occasionally get idle time going backwards so * work around this by ensuring we don't get -ve deltas. */ ret = s2->value[index] - s1->value[index]; return ret < 0.0 ? 0.0 : ret; } #define INACCURATE(s1, s2, index) \ (s1->inaccurate[index] | s2->inaccurate[index]) /* * stats_gather() * gather up delta between last stats and current to get * some form of per sample accounting calculated. */ static bool stats_gather( const stats_t *const s1, const stats_t *const s2, stats_t *const res) { double total; int i, j; bool inaccurate = false; static int indices[] = { CPU_USER, CPU_NICE, CPU_SYS, CPU_IDLE, CPU_IOWAIT, -1 }; res->value[CPU_USER] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_USER); res->value[CPU_NICE] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_NICE); res->value[CPU_SYS] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_SYS); res->value[CPU_IDLE] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_IDLE); res->value[CPU_IOWAIT] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_IOWAIT); res->value[CPU_IRQ] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_IRQ); res->value[CPU_SOFTIRQ] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_SOFTIRQ); res->value[CPU_CTXT] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_CTXT); res->value[CPU_INTR] = stats_sane(s1, s2, CPU_INTR); for (i = 0; (j = indices[i]) != -1; i++) inaccurate |= (s1->inaccurate[j] | s2->inaccurate[j]); total = res->value[CPU_USER] + res->value[CPU_NICE] + res->value[CPU_SYS] + res->value[CPU_IDLE] + res->value[CPU_IOWAIT]; /* * This should not happen, but we need to avoid division * by zero or weird results if the data is deemed valid */ if (!inaccurate && total <= 0.0) return false; res->value[CPU_TOTAL] = 100.0 * (total - res->value[CPU_IDLE]) / total; for (i = 0; (j = indices[i]) != -1; i++) { res->value[j] = (INACCURATE(s1, s2, j) || (total <= 0.0)) ? NAN : (100.0 * res->value[j]) / total; } res->value[CPU_CTXT] = (INACCURATE(s1, s2, CPU_CTXT) || (sample_delay <= 0.0)) ? NAN : res->value[CPU_CTXT] / sample_delay; res->value[CPU_INTR] = (INACCURATE(s1, s2, CPU_INTR) || (sample_delay <= 0.0)) ? NAN : res->value[CPU_INTR] / sample_delay; res->value[CPU_PROCS_RUN] = s2->inaccurate[CPU_PROCS_RUN] ? NAN : s2->value[CPU_PROCS_RUN]; res->value[CPU_PROCS_BLK] = s2->inaccurate[CPU_PROCS_BLK] ? NAN : s2->value[CPU_PROCS_BLK]; res->value[CPU_FREQ] = s2->value[CPU_FREQ]; return true; } /* * stats_headings() * dump heading columns */ static void stats_headings(void) { uint8_t i; if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) (void)printf(" Time User Nice Sys Idle IO Run Ctxt/s IRQ/s Fork Exec Exit Watts"); else (void)printf(" Time User Nice Sys Idle IO Run Ctxt/s IRQ/s Watts"); if (opts & (OPTS_DOMAIN_STATS | OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE | OPTS_CPU_FREQ | OPTS_GPU)) (void)putchar(' '); if (opts & OPTS_DOMAIN_STATS) { for (i = 0; i < power_domains; i++) (void)printf(" %6.6s", get_domain ? get_domain(i) : "unknown"); } if (opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) { for (i = 0; i < thermal_zones; i++) (void)printf(" %6.6s", tz_get_type(i)); } if (opts & OPTS_CPU_FREQ) (void)printf(" %9.9s", "CPU Freq"); if (opts & OPTS_GPU) (void)printf(" %6.6s", "GPU W"); (void)printf("\n"); } /* * stats_ruler() * pretty print ruler between rows */ static void stats_ruler(void) { uint8_t i; if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) (void)printf("-------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ---- ---- ------ "); else (void)printf("-------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ------ "); if (opts & OPTS_DOMAIN_STATS) { for (i = 0; i < power_domains; i++) (void)printf(" ------"); } if (opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) { for (i = 0; i < thermal_zones; i++) (void)printf(" ------"); } if (opts & OPTS_CPU_FREQ) (void)printf(" ---------"); if (opts & OPTS_GPU) (void)printf(" ------"); (void)printf("\n"); } /* * row_increment() * bump row, reset if hit tty height */ static void row_increment(int *const row) { if (!(opts & OPTS_NO_STATS_HEADINGS)) { int tty_rows = tty_height(); (*row)++; if ((tty_rows > 2) && (*row >= tty_rows)) { stats_headings(); *row = 2; } } } /* * stats_print() * print out statistics with accuracy depending if it's a summary or not */ static void stats_print( const char *const prefix, const bool summary, const stats_t *const s) { char buf[10]; uint8_t i; if (summary) { if (s->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL]) (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " -N/A- "); else (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%6.2f ", s->value[POWER_TOTAL]); } else { (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%6.2f%s", s->value[POWER_TOTAL], s->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL] ? "E" : " "); } if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) { char *fmt = summary ? "%8.8s %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f " "%4.1f %6.1f %6.1f %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f %s" : "%8.8s %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f " "%4.0f %6.0f %6.0f %4.0f %4.0f %4.0f %s"; (void)printf(fmt, prefix, s->value[CPU_USER], s->value[CPU_NICE], s->value[CPU_SYS], s->value[CPU_IDLE], s->value[CPU_IOWAIT], s->value[CPU_PROCS_RUN], s->value[CPU_CTXT], s->value[CPU_INTR], s->value[PROC_FORK], s->value[PROC_EXEC], s->value[PROC_EXIT], buf); } else { char *fmt = summary ? "%8.8s %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f " "%4.1f %6.1f %6.1f %s" : "%8.8s %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f " "%4.0f %6.0f %6.0f %s"; (void)printf(fmt, prefix, s->value[CPU_USER], s->value[CPU_NICE], s->value[CPU_SYS], s->value[CPU_IDLE], s->value[CPU_IOWAIT], s->value[CPU_PROCS_RUN], s->value[CPU_CTXT], s->value[CPU_INTR], buf); } if (opts & OPTS_DOMAIN_STATS) { for (i = 0; i < power_domains; i++) (void)printf(" %6.2f", s->value[POWER_DOMAIN_0 + i]); } if (opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) { for (i = 0; i < thermal_zones; i++) (void)printf(" %6.2f", s->value[THERMAL_ZONE_0 + i]); } if (opts & OPTS_CPU_FREQ) (void)printf(" %s", cpu_freq_format(s->value[CPU_FREQ])); if (opts & OPTS_GPU) { if (s->inaccurate[POWER_GPU]) (void)printf(" -N/A-"); else (void)printf(" %6.2f", s->value[POWER_GPU]); } (void)printf("\n"); } /* * stats_average_stddev_min_max() * calculate average, std deviation, min and max */ static void stats_average_stddev_min_max( const stats_t *const stats, const int num, stats_t *const average, stats_t *const stddev, stats_t *const min, stats_t *const max, stats_t *const geometric_mean) { int i, j, valid; for (j = 0; j < MAX_VALUES; j++) { double total = 0.0; max->value[j] = -DBL_MAX; min->value[j] = DBL_MAX; geometric_mean->value[j] = 1.0; for (valid = 0, i = 0; i < num; i++) { if (!stats[i].inaccurate[j]) { if (stats[i].value[j] > max->value[j]) max->value[j] = stats[i].value[j]; if (stats[i].value[j] < min->value[j]) min->value[j] = stats[i].value[j]; total += stats[i].value[j]; geometric_mean->value[j] *= stats[i].value[j]; valid++; } } if (valid) { average->value[j] = total / (double)valid; total = 0.0; for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { if (!stats[i].inaccurate[j]) { double diff = (double)stats[i].value[j] - average->value[j]; diff = diff * diff; total += diff; } } stddev->value[j] = total / (double)num; stddev->value[j] = sqrt(stddev->value[j]); geometric_mean->value[j] = (num == 0) ? 0.0 : pow(geometric_mean->value[j], 1.0 / (double)num); } else { average->inaccurate[j] = true; max->inaccurate[j] = true; min->inaccurate[j] = true; stddev->inaccurate[j] = true; average->value[j] = 0.0; max->value[j] = 0.0; min->value[j] = 0.0; stddev->value[j] = 0.0; geometric_mean->value[j] = 0.0; } } } /* * stats_histogram() * plot a simple ASCII art histogram */ static void stats_histogram( stats_t *const stats, const int num, const int value, const char *short_title, const char *title, const char *label, const double scale) { int i, valid, digits = 0, width; double min = DBL_MAX, max = -DBL_MAX, division, prev; unsigned int bucket[MAX_DIVISIONS], max_bucket = 0; char buf[64]; (void)memset(bucket, 0, sizeof(bucket)); for (valid = 0, i = 0; i < num; i++) { if (!stats[i].inaccurate[value]) { stats[i].value[value] /= scale; if (stats[i].value[value] > max) max = stats[i].value[value]; if (stats[i].value[value] < min) min = stats[i].value[value]; valid++; } } if (valid <= 1) return; if (FLOAT_CMP(max - min, 0.0)) { (void)printf("\nRange is zero, cannot produce histogram of %s\n", short_title); return; } division = ((max * 1.000001) - min) / (MAX_DIVISIONS); for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { if (!stats[i].inaccurate[value]) { int v = floor((stats[i].value[value] - min) / division); v = v > MAX_DIVISIONS - 1 ? MAX_DIVISIONS -1 : v; bucket[v]++; if (max_bucket < bucket[v]) max_bucket = bucket[v]; } } (void)putchar('\n'); (void)printf(title, num); (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.0f", max); digits = strlen(buf) + 4; digits = (digits < 5) ? 5 : digits; width = 3 + (digits * 2); (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%*s%s", (width - 13) / 2, "", label); (void)printf("%-*s Count\n", width, buf); (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%%%d.3f - %%%d.3f %%5u ", digits, digits); prev = min; for (i = 0; i < MAX_DIVISIONS; i++) { unsigned int j; (void)printf(buf, prev, prev + division - 0.001, bucket[i]); for (j = 0; j < HISTOGRAM_WIDTH * bucket[i] / max_bucket; j++) (void)putchar('#'); (void)putchar('\n'); prev += division; } } /* * calc_standard_average() * calculate a standard average based on first sample * and the current sample */ static void calc_standard_average( const double total_capacity, double *const rate, bool *const inaccurate) { static time_t time_start = 0; static double total_capacity_start = 0.0; static bool first = true; time_t time_now, dt; double dw; time_now = time(NULL); if (time_now == ((time_t) -1)) { *rate = 0.0; *inaccurate = true; return; } if (first) { time_start = time_now; total_capacity_start = total_capacity; first = false; *rate = 0.0; *inaccurate = true; return; } dt = time_now - time_start; dw = total_capacity_start - total_capacity; if (dt <= 0 || dw <= 0.0) { /* Something is wrong, can't be a good sample */ *rate = 0.0; *inaccurate = true; return; } *rate = 3600.0 * dw / dt; /* Only after a fairly long duration can we be sure it is reasonable */ *inaccurate = dt < STANDARD_AVERAGE_SECS; } /* * calc_rolling_average() * calculate power by using rolling average * * Battery is less helpful, we need to figure the power rate by looking * back in time, measuring capacity drop and figuring out the rate from * this. We keep track of the rate over a sliding window of * ROLLING_AVERAGE_SECS seconds. */ static void calc_rolling_average( const double total_capacity, double *const rate, bool *const inaccurate) { static int index = 0; time_t time_now, dt; static measurement_t measurements[MAX_MEASUREMENTS]; int i, j; time_now = time(NULL); if (time_now == ((time_t) -1)) { *rate = 0.0; *inaccurate = true; return; } measurements[index].value = total_capacity; measurements[index].when = time_now; index = (index + 1) % MAX_MEASUREMENTS; *rate = 0.0; /* * Scan back in time for a sample that's > ROLLING_AVERAGE_SECS * seconds away and calculate power consumption based on this * value and interval */ for (j = index, i = 0; i < MAX_MEASUREMENTS; i++) { j--; if (j < 0) j += MAX_MEASUREMENTS; if (measurements[j].when) { double dw = measurements[j].value - total_capacity; dt = time_now - measurements[j].when; *rate = 3600.0 * dw / dt; if (time_now - measurements[j].when > ROLLING_AVERAGE_SECS) { *inaccurate = false; break; } } } /* * We either have found a good measurement, or an estimate at this point, but * is it valid? */ if (*rate < 0.0) { *rate = 0.0; *inaccurate = true; } } /* * calc_from_capacity() * calculate either using standard or rolling averages */ static void calc_from_capacity( const double total_capacity, double *const rate, bool *const inaccurate) { power_calc_from_capacity = true; if (opts & OPTS_STANDARD_AVERAGE) calc_standard_average(total_capacity, rate, inaccurate); else calc_rolling_average(total_capacity, rate, inaccurate); } /* * power_get_sys_fs() * get power discharge rate from battery via /sys interface */ static int power_get_sys_fs( stats_t *stats, bool *const discharging) { DIR *dir; struct dirent *dirent; double total_watts = 0.0, total_capacity = 0.0; stats->value[POWER_TOTAL] = 0.0; stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL] = true; *discharging = false; if ((dir = opendir(SYS_CLASS_POWER_SUPPLY)) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Device does not have %s, " "cannot run the test.\n", SYS_CLASS_POWER_SUPPLY); return -1; } do { dirent = readdir(dir); if (dirent && strlen(dirent->d_name) > 2) { char path[PATH_MAX]; char *data; int val; FILE *fp; /* Check that type field matches the expected type */ (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/type", SYS_CLASS_POWER_SUPPLY, dirent->d_name); if ((data = file_get(path)) != NULL) { bool mismatch = (strstr(data, "Battery") == NULL); free(data); if (mismatch) continue; /* type don't match, skip this entry */ } else continue; /* can't check type, skip this entry */ (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/uevent", SYS_CLASS_POWER_SUPPLY, dirent->d_name); if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Battery %s present but under " "supported - no state present.", dirent->d_name); (void)closedir(dir); return -1; } else { char buffer[4096]; double voltage = 0.0; double amps_rate = 0.0; double amps_left = 0.0; double watts_rate = 0.0; double watts_left = 0.0; while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, fp) != NULL) { if (strstr(buffer, SYS_FIELD_STATUS_DISCHARGING)) *discharging = true; if (strstr(buffer, SYS_FIELD_AMPS_LEFT) && strlen(buffer) > sizeof(SYS_FIELD_AMPS_LEFT) - 1) { if (sscanf(buffer + sizeof(SYS_FIELD_AMPS_LEFT) - 1, "%12d", &val) == 1) amps_left = (double)val / 1000000.0; } if (strstr(buffer, SYS_FIELD_WATTS_LEFT) && strlen(buffer) > sizeof(SYS_FIELD_WATTS_LEFT) - 1) { if (sscanf(buffer + sizeof(SYS_FIELD_WATTS_LEFT) - 1, "%12d", &val) == 1) watts_left = (double)val / 1000000.0; } if (strstr(buffer, SYS_FIELD_AMPS_RATE) && strlen(buffer) > sizeof(SYS_FIELD_AMPS_RATE) - 1) { if (sscanf(buffer + sizeof(SYS_FIELD_AMPS_RATE) - 1, "%12d", &val) == 1) amps_rate = (double)val / 1000000.0; } if (strstr(buffer, SYS_FIELD_WATTS_RATE) && strlen(buffer) > sizeof(SYS_FIELD_WATTS_RATE) - 1) { if (sscanf(buffer + sizeof(SYS_FIELD_WATTS_RATE) - 1, "%12d", &val) == 1) watts_rate = (double)val / 1000000.0; } if (strstr(buffer, SYS_FIELD_VOLTAGE) && strlen(buffer) > sizeof(SYS_FIELD_VOLTAGE) - 1) { if (sscanf(buffer + sizeof(SYS_FIELD_VOLTAGE) - 1, "%12d", &val) == 1) voltage = (double)val / 1000000.0; } } total_watts += watts_rate + voltage * amps_rate; total_capacity += watts_left + voltage * amps_left; (void)fclose(fp); } } } while (dirent); (void)closedir(dir); if (! *discharging) { if (opts & OPTS_ZERO_RATE_ALLOW) { *discharging = true; /* Lie */ return 0; } (void)printf("Device is not discharging, cannot measure power usage.\n"); return -1; } /* * If the battery is helpful it supplies the rate already, in which case * we know the results from the battery are as good as we can and we don't * have to figure out anything from capacity change over time. */ if (total_watts > RATE_ZERO_LIMIT) { stats->value[POWER_TOTAL] = total_watts; stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL] = (total_watts < 0.0); return 0; } /* Rate not known, so calculate it from historical data, sigh */ calc_from_capacity(total_capacity, &stats->value[POWER_TOTAL], &stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL]); return 0; } /* * power_get_proc_acpi() * get power discharge rate from battery via /proc/acpi interface */ static int power_get_proc_acpi( stats_t *stats, bool *const discharging) { DIR *dir; FILE *file; struct dirent *dirent; char filename[PATH_MAX]; double total_watts = 0.0, total_capacity = 0.0; stats->value[POWER_TOTAL] = 0.0; stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL] = true; *discharging = false; if ((dir = opendir(PROC_ACPI_BATTERY)) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Device does not have %s, " "cannot run the test.\n", PROC_ACPI_BATTERY); return -1; } while ((dirent = readdir(dir))) { double voltage = 0.0; double amps_rate = 0.0; double amps_left = 0.0; double watts_rate = 0.0; double watts_left = 0.0; char buffer[4096]; char *ptr; if (strlen(dirent->d_name) < 3) continue; (void)sprintf(filename, "/proc/acpi/battery/%s/state", dirent->d_name); if ((file = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) continue; (void)memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer)); while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), file) != NULL) { if (strstr(buffer, "present:") && strstr(buffer, "no")) break; if (strstr(buffer, "charging state:") && (strstr(buffer, "discharging") || strstr(buffer, "critical"))) *discharging = true; ptr = strchr(buffer, ':'); if (ptr) { ptr++; if (strstr(buffer, "present voltage")) voltage = strtoull(ptr, NULL, 10) / 1000.0; if (strstr(buffer, "present rate")) { if (strstr(ptr, "mW")) watts_rate = strtoull(ptr, NULL, 10) / 1000.0 ; if (strstr(ptr, "mA")) amps_rate = strtoull(ptr, NULL, 10) / 1000.0; } if (strstr(buffer, "remaining capacity")) { if (strstr(ptr, "mW")) watts_left = strtoull(ptr, NULL, 10) / 1000.0 ; if (strstr(ptr, "mA")) amps_left = strtoull(ptr, NULL, 10) / 1000.0; } } } (void)fclose(file); /* * Some HP firmware is broken and has an undefined * 'present voltage' field and instead returns this in * the design_voltage field, so work around this. */ if (FLOAT_CMP(voltage, 0.0)) { (void)sprintf(filename, "/proc/acpi/battery/%s/info", dirent->d_name); if ((file = fopen(filename, "r")) != NULL) { while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), file) != NULL) { ptr = strchr(buffer, ':'); if (ptr) { ptr++; if (strstr(buffer, "design voltage:")) { voltage = strtoull(ptr, NULL, 10) / 1000.0; break; } } } (void)fclose(file); } } total_watts += watts_rate + voltage * amps_rate; total_capacity += watts_left + voltage * amps_left; } (void)closedir(dir); if (! *discharging) { if (opts & OPTS_ZERO_RATE_ALLOW) { *discharging = true; /* Lie */ return 0; } (void)printf("Device is indicating it is not discharging and hence " "we cannot measure power usage.\n"); return -1; } /* * If the battery is helpful it supplies the rate already, in which * case we know the results from the battery are as good as we can * and we don't have to figure out anything from capacity change over * time. */ if (total_watts > RATE_ZERO_LIMIT) { stats->value[POWER_TOTAL] = total_watts; stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL] = (total_watts < 0.0); return 0; } /* Rate not known, so calculate it from historical data, sigh */ calc_from_capacity(total_capacity, &stats->value[POWER_TOTAL], &stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL]); return 0; } #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) /* * rapl_free_list() * free RAPL list */ static void rapl_free_list(void) { rapl_info_t *rapl = rapl_list; while (rapl) { rapl_info_t *next = rapl->next; free(rapl->name); free(rapl->domain_name); free(rapl); rapl = next; } } /* * rapl_get_domain() * get RAPL domain name for nth domain */ static const char *rapl_get_domain(const int n) { int i; rapl_info_t *rapl = rapl_list; for (i = 0; i < n && rapl; i++) { rapl = rapl->next; } if (rapl) { if (rapl->is_package) { static char buf[128]; (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "pkg-%s", rapl->domain_name + 8); return buf; } return rapl->domain_name; } return "unknown"; } /* * rapl_get_domains() */ static int rapl_get_domains(void) { DIR *dir; struct dirent *entry; int n = 0; dir = opendir("/sys/class/powercap"); if (dir == NULL) { (void)printf("Device does not have RAPL, cannot measure power usage.\n"); return -1; } while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) { char path[PATH_MAX]; FILE *fp; rapl_info_t *rapl; /* Ignore non Intel RAPL interfaces */ if (strncmp(entry->d_name, "intel-rapl", 10)) continue; if ((rapl = calloc(1, sizeof(*rapl))) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate RAPL information.\n"); (void)closedir(dir); return -1; } if ((rapl->name = strdup(entry->d_name)) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate RAPL name information.\n"); (void)closedir(dir); free(rapl); return -1; } (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/powercap/%s/max_energy_range_uj", entry->d_name); rapl->max_energy_uj = 0.0; if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) != NULL) { if (fscanf(fp, "%lf\n", &rapl->max_energy_uj) != 1) rapl->max_energy_uj = 0.0; (void)fclose(fp); } (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/powercap/%s/name", entry->d_name); rapl->domain_name = NULL; if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) != NULL) { char domain_name[128]; if (fgets(domain_name, sizeof(domain_name), fp) != NULL) { domain_name[strcspn(domain_name, "\n")] = '\0'; rapl->domain_name = strdup(domain_name); } (void)fclose(fp); } if (rapl->domain_name == NULL) { free(rapl->name); free(rapl); continue; } rapl->is_package = (strncmp(rapl->domain_name, "package-", 8) == 0); rapl->next = rapl_list; rapl_list = rapl; n++; } (void)closedir(dir); power_domains = MIN(n, MAX_POWER_DOMAINS); if (!n) (void)printf("Device does not have any RAPL domains, cannot power measure power usage.\n"); return n; } /* * power_get_rapl_domain_names() * get RAPL domain names */ static char *power_get_rapl_domain_names(void) { char *names = NULL; size_t len = 0, n = 0; rapl_info_t *rapl; for (rapl = rapl_list; rapl && (n < MAX_POWER_DOMAINS); rapl = rapl->next, n++) { char new_name[strlen(rapl->domain_name) + 3]; char *tmp; size_t new_len; (void)snprintf(new_name, sizeof(new_name), "%s%s", len == 0 ? "" : ", ", rapl->domain_name); new_len = strlen(new_name); tmp = realloc(names, new_len + len + 1); if (!tmp) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory allocating RAPL domain names.\n"); free(names); names = NULL; break; } names = tmp; (void)strncpy(names + len, new_name, new_len + 1); len += new_len; } return names; } /* * power_get_rapl() * get power discharge rate from battery via the RAPL interface */ static int power_get_rapl( stats_t *stats, bool *const discharging) { double t_now; static bool first = true; rapl_info_t *rapl; int n = 0; stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL] = false; /* Assume OK until found otherwise */ stats->value[POWER_TOTAL] = 0.0; get_domain = rapl_get_domain; *discharging = false; t_now = gettime_to_double(); for (rapl = rapl_list; rapl && (n < MAX_POWER_DOMAINS); rapl = rapl->next) { char path[PATH_MAX]; FILE *fp; double ujoules; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/powercap/%s/energy_uj", rapl->name); if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) continue; if (fscanf(fp, "%lf\n", &ujoules) == 1) { double t_delta = t_now - rapl->t_last; double last_energy_uj = rapl->last_energy_uj; rapl->t_last = t_now; /* Wrapped around since last time? */ if (ujoules - rapl->last_energy_uj < 0.0) { rapl->last_energy_uj = ujoules; ujoules += rapl->max_energy_uj; } else { rapl->last_energy_uj = ujoules; } if (first || (t_delta <= 0.0)) { stats->value[POWER_DOMAIN_0 + n] = 0.0; stats->inaccurate[POWER_DOMAIN_0 + n] = true; } else { stats->value[POWER_DOMAIN_0 + n] = (ujoules - last_energy_uj) / (t_delta * 1000000.0); stats->inaccurate[POWER_DOMAIN_0 + n] = false; } if (rapl->is_package && !stats->inaccurate[POWER_DOMAIN_0 + n]) stats->value[POWER_TOTAL] += stats->value[POWER_DOMAIN_0 + n]; n++; *discharging = true; } (void)fclose(fp); } if (first) { stats->inaccurate[POWER_TOTAL] = true; first = false; } if (!n) { if (opts & OPTS_ZERO_RATE_ALLOW) { *discharging = true; /* Lie */ return 0; } (void)printf("Device does not have any RAPL domains, cannot power measure power usage.\n"); return -1; } return 0; } #endif /* * power_get_gpu_i915() * get Intel i915 GPU power stats */ static int power_get_gpu_i915( const stats_t *const s1, stats_t *s2, stats_t *const res) { #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) uint64_t val; int ret; if (file_get_uint64(I915_ENERGY_UJ, &val) < 0) { s2->value[POWER_GPU] = 0.0; res->value[POWER_GPU] = 0.0; res->inaccurate[POWER_GPU] = true; ret = -1; } else { s2->value[POWER_GPU] = ((double)val / 1000000.0) / sample_delay; s2->inaccurate[POWER_GPU] = false; res->inaccurate[POWER_GPU] = false; res->value[POWER_GPU] = stats_sane(s1, s2, POWER_GPU); ret = 0; } return ret; #else (void)s1; (void)s2; (void)res; return -1; #endif } /* * power_get_gpu() * get generic GPU power stats */ static void power_get_gpu( const stats_t *const s1, stats_t *s2, stats_t *const res) { if (power_get_gpu_i915(s1, s2, res) < 0) { s2->value[POWER_GPU] = 0.0; res->value[POWER_GPU] = 0.0; res->inaccurate[POWER_GPU] = true; } } /* * tz_free_list() * free thermal zone list */ static void tz_free_list(void) { tz_info_t *tz = tz_list; while (tz) { tz_info_t *next = tz->next; free(tz->name); free(tz->type); free(tz); tz = next; } } /* * tz_get_type() * find the Nth thermal zone type */ static const char *tz_get_type(const int n) { int i; tz_info_t *tz = tz_list; for (i = 0; i < n && tz; i++) { tz = tz->next; } if (tz) { return tz->type; } return "unknown"; } /* * tz_get_zones() * collect valid thermal_zones */ static int tz_get_zones(void) { DIR *dir; struct dirent *entry; int n = 0; dir = opendir("/sys/class/thermal"); if (dir == NULL) { (void)printf("Device does not have thermal zones.\n"); return -1; } while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) { char path[PATH_MAX]; FILE *fp; tz_info_t *tz; /* Ignore non TZ interfaces */ if (strncmp(entry->d_name, "thermal_zone", 12)) continue; if ((tz = calloc(1, sizeof(*tz))) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate thermal information.\n"); (void)closedir(dir); return -1; } if ((tz->name = strdup(entry->d_name)) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate thermal zone name information.\n"); (void)closedir(dir); free(tz); return -1; } (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/thermal/%s/type", entry->d_name); tz->type = NULL; if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) != NULL) { char type[128]; if (fgets(type, sizeof(type), fp) != NULL) { type[strcspn(type, "\n")] = '\0'; tz->type = strdup(type); } (void)fclose(fp); } if (tz->type == NULL) { free(tz->name); free(tz); continue; } tz->next = tz_list; tz_list = tz; n++; } (void)closedir(dir); thermal_zones = MIN(n, MAX_THERMAL_ZONES); return n; } /* * tz_get_temperature() * get temperatures from thermal zones */ static int tz_get_temperature(stats_t *const stats) { tz_info_t *tz; int n = 0; for (tz = tz_list; tz && (n < thermal_zones); tz = tz->next) { char path[PATH_MAX]; uint64_t temp; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/thermal/%s/temp", tz->name); if (file_get_uint64(path, &temp) == 0) { double temp_c = (double)temp / 1000.0; /* Threshold out insane values */ if ((temp_c < 0.0) || (temp_c > 250.0)) temp_c = 0.0; stats->value[THERMAL_ZONE_0 + n] = temp_c; n++; } } return 0; } /* * power_get() * fetch power via which ever interface is available */ static int power_get( stats_t *stats, bool *const discharging) { struct stat buf; int i; for (i = POWER_TOTAL; i < POWER_DOMAIN_0 + MAX_POWER_DOMAINS; i++) { stats->value[i] = 0.0; stats->inaccurate[i] = true; } #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) if (opts & OPTS_RAPL) return power_get_rapl(stats, discharging); #endif if ((stat(SYS_CLASS_POWER_SUPPLY, &buf) != -1) && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) return power_get_sys_fs(stats, discharging); if ((stat(PROC_ACPI_BATTERY, &buf) != -1) && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) return power_get_proc_acpi(stats, discharging); (void)fprintf(stderr, "Device does not seem to have a battery, cannot measure power.\n"); return -1; } /* * hash_djb2a() * Hash a string, from Dan Bernstein comp.lang.c (xor version) */ static uint32_t hash_djb2a(const char *str, const uint32_t id) { register uint32_t hash = 5381 + id; register int c; while ((c = *str++)) { /* (hash * 33) ^ c */ hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) ^ c; } return hash; } /* * cpu_state_get() * get CPU C state based on name. We try to cache * these in cpu_states to make lookup faster */ static cpu_state_t *cpu_state_get(const char *name) { uint32_t h = hash_djb2a(name, 0) % MAX_STATES; cpu_state_t *s = cpu_states[h]; size_t len; char *ptr; while (s) { if (!strcmp(s->name, name)) return s; s = s->hash_next; } if ((s = calloc(1, sizeof(*s))) == NULL) return NULL; if ((s->name = strdup(name)) == NULL) { free(s); return NULL; } if ((ptr = index(name, '-')) == NULL) len = strlen(name); else len = ptr - name; if ((s->name_short = calloc(1, len + 1)) == NULL) { free(s->name); free(s); return NULL; } (void)strncpy(s->name_short, name, len + 1); s->name_short[len] = '\0'; s->hash_next = cpu_states[h]; cpu_states[h] = s; s->list_next = cpu_states_list; cpu_states_list = s; return s; } /* * cpu_info_get() * get per CPU active state information */ static cpu_info_t *cpu_info_get(const char *state, const uint32_t cpu_id) { uint32_t h = hash_djb2a(state, cpu_id) % MAX_CPUS; cpu_info_t *ci = cpu_info[h]; FILE *fp; char path[PATH_MAX]; char buffer[64]; while (ci) { if ((ci->cpu_id == cpu_id) && !strcmp(ci->state, state)) return ci; ci = ci->hash_next; } if ((ci = calloc(1, sizeof(*ci))) == NULL) return NULL; ci->cpu_id = cpu_id; if ((ci->state = strdup(state)) == NULL) { free(ci); return NULL; } (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/cpu%" PRIu32 "/cpuidle/%s/name", cpu_path, cpu_id, state); (void)memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer)); if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) != NULL) { if (fscanf(fp, "%63s", buffer) != 1) (void)strncpy(buffer, "unknown", sizeof(buffer) - 1); (void)fclose(fp); } else { (void)strncpy(buffer, state, sizeof(buffer) - 1); } if ((ci->cpu_state = cpu_state_get(buffer)) == NULL) { free(ci->state); free(ci); return NULL; } if (!ci->cpu_state->latency) { uint64_t val; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/cpu%" PRIu32 "/cpuidle/%s/latency", cpu_path, cpu_id, state); if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) != NULL) { if (fscanf(fp, "%" SCNu64, &val) == 1) ci->cpu_state->latency = val; (void)fclose(fp); } } ci->prev_time = 0; ci->time = 0; ci->hash_next = cpu_info[h]; cpu_info[h] = ci; ci->list_next = ci->cpu_state->cpu_info_list; ci->cpu_state->cpu_info_list = ci; return ci; } /* * cpu_info_update() * update CPU state info */ static int cpu_info_update(cpu_info_t *ci) { char path[PATH_MAX]; FILE *fp; uint64_t val; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/cpu%" PRIu32 "/cpuidle/%s/time", cpu_path, ci->cpu_id, ci->state); ci->prev_time = ci->time; ci->time = 0; if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) != NULL) { if (fscanf(fp, "%" SCNu64, &val) == 1) ci->time = val; (void)fclose(fp); } ci->time_diff = ci->time - ci->prev_time; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/cpu%" PRIu32 "/cpuidle/%s/usage", cpu_path, ci->cpu_id, ci->state); ci->prev_usage = ci->usage; ci->usage = 0; if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) != NULL) { if (fscanf(fp, "%" SCNu64, &val) == 1) ci->usage = val; (void)fclose(fp); } ci->usage_diff = ci->usage - ci->prev_usage; ci->prev_tod = ci->tod; ci->tod = gettime_to_double(); ci->tod_diff = ci->tod - ci->prev_tod; return 0; } /* * cpu_states_update() * update CPU state info for all CPUs */ static void cpu_states_update(void) { struct dirent **cpu_list; int i, n_cpus; uint32_t max_cpu_id = 0; n_cpus = scandir(cpu_path, &cpu_list, NULL, alphasort); for (i = 0; i < n_cpus; i++) { char *name = cpu_list[i]->d_name; if (strlen(name) > 3 && !strncmp(name, "cpu", 3) && isdigit(name[3])) { int j, n_states; char path[PATH_MAX]; struct dirent **states_list; uint32_t cpu_id = atoi(name + 3); if (max_cpu_id < cpu_id) max_cpu_id = cpu_id; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/cpuidle", cpu_path, name); n_states = scandir(path, &states_list, NULL, alphasort); for (j = 0; j < n_states; j++) { char *sname = states_list[j]->d_name; if (!strncmp("state", sname, 5)) { cpu_info_t *info; info = cpu_info_get(states_list[j]->d_name, cpu_id); if (info) cpu_info_update(info); } free(states_list[j]); } if (n_states > -1) free(states_list); } free(cpu_list[i]); } if (n_cpus > -1) free(cpu_list); } /* * cpu_states_free() * free cache of CPU state info */ static void cpu_states_free(void) { cpu_state_t *s = cpu_states_list; while (s) { cpu_state_t *s_next = s->list_next; cpu_info_t *ci = s->cpu_info_list; while (ci) { cpu_info_t *ci_next = ci->list_next; free(ci->state); free(ci); ci = ci_next; } free(s->name); free(s->name_short); free(s); s = s_next; } } /* * cpu_states_dump() * dump out gather CPU state statistics */ static void cpu_states_dump(void) { cpu_state_t *s; double c0_percent = 100.0; bool c0 = false; if (!cpu_states_list) return; for (s = cpu_states_list; s; s = s->list_next) { cpu_info_t *ci; uint64_t state_total = 0; double time_total = 0; for (ci = s->cpu_info_list; ci; ci = ci->list_next) { state_total += ci->time_diff; time_total += ci->tod_diff; s->usage_total += ci->usage_diff; } /* time_total into microseconds */ time_total *= 1000000.0; s->resident = 100.0 * (double)state_total / (double)time_total; c0_percent -= s->resident; if (!strcmp(s->name_short, "C0")) c0 = true; } if (c0_percent >= 0.0) { (void)printf("\n%-10s %7s %10s %-8s\n", "C-State", "Resident", "Count", "Latency"); for (s = cpu_states_list; s; s = s->list_next) (void)printf("%-10s %7.3f%% %10" PRIu64 "%8" PRIu64 "\n", s->name, s->resident, s->usage_total, s->latency); if (!c0) (void)printf("%-10s %7.3f%%\n", "C0", c0_percent); } else { (void)printf("\nUntrustworthy C-State states, ignoring.\n"); } } /* * proc_info_hash() * hash on PID */ static inline int proc_info_hash(const pid_t pid) { return pid % MAX_PIDS; } /* * proc_cmdline() * get a processes cmdline text */ static int proc_cmdline( const pid_t pid, char *const cmdline, const size_t size) { int fd; char path[PATH_MAX]; int n = 0; *cmdline = '\0'; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid); if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) > -1) { n = read(fd, cmdline, size - 1); (void)close(fd); if (n > -1) cmdline[n] = '\0'; } /* * No cmdline, could be a kernel thread, so get the comm * field instead */ if (!*cmdline) { (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/comm", pid); if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) > -1) { n = read(fd, cmdline, size - 1); (void)close(fd); if (n > 0) cmdline[n - 1] = '\0'; /* remove trailing \n */ } } if (n < 1) { (void)strncpy(cmdline, "", size); n = 9; } return n; } /* * proc_info_get() * get proc info on a given pid */ static char *proc_info_get(const pid_t pid) { int i = proc_info_hash(pid), j; for (j = 0; j < MAX_PIDS; j++, i = (i + 1) % MAX_PIDS) { if ((proc_info[i] != NULL) && (proc_info[i]->pid == pid)) return proc_info[i]->cmdline; } return ""; } /* * proc_info_free() * free cached process info and remove from hash table */ static void proc_info_free(const pid_t pid) { int i = proc_info_hash(pid), j; for (j = 0; j < MAX_PIDS; j++, i = (i + 1) % MAX_PIDS) { if ((proc_info[i] != NULL) && (proc_info[i]->pid == pid)) { free(proc_info[i]->cmdline); free(proc_info[i]); proc_info[i] = NULL; return; } } } /* * proc_info_unload() * free all hashed proc info entries */ static void proc_info_unload(void) { int i; for (i = 0; i < MAX_PIDS; i++) { if (proc_info[i] != NULL) { free(proc_info[i]->cmdline); free(proc_info[i]); proc_info[i] = NULL; } } } /* * proc_info_add() * add processes info of a given pid to the hash table */ static int proc_info_add(const pid_t pid) { int i, j; proc_info_t *info; char path[PATH_MAX]; char cmdline[1024]; bool free_slot = false; i = proc_info_hash(pid); for (j = 0; j < MAX_PIDS; j++, i = (i + 1) % MAX_PIDS) { if (proc_info[i] == NULL) { free_slot = true; break; } } if (!free_slot) return -1; (void)memset(cmdline, 0, sizeof(cmdline)); /* keep valgrind happy */ if ((info = calloc(1, sizeof(*info))) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate all proc info.\n"); return -1; } info->pid = pid; (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/cmdline", info->pid); (void)proc_cmdline(pid, cmdline, sizeof(cmdline)); if ((info->cmdline = malloc(strlen(cmdline)+1)) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate all proc info.\n"); free(info); return -1; } (void)strcpy(info->cmdline, cmdline); proc_info[i] = info; return -1; } /* * proc_info_load() * load up all current processes info into hash table */ static int proc_info_load(void) { DIR *dir; struct dirent *dirent; if ((dir = opendir("/proc")) == NULL) return -1; while ((dirent = readdir(dir))) { if (isdigit(dirent->d_name[0])) { errno = 0; pid_t pid = (pid_t)strtol(dirent->d_name, NULL, 10); if (!errno) proc_info_add(pid); } } (void)closedir(dir); return 0; } /* * monitor() * monitor system activity and power consumption */ static int monitor(const int sock) { ssize_t len; int64_t t = 1; int redone = 0, row = 0; uint32_t readings = 0; stats_t *stats, s1, s2, average, stddev, min, max, geometric_mean; struct nlmsghdr *nlmsghdr; double time_start; if ((stats = calloc((size_t)max_readings, sizeof(*stats))) == NULL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate statistics table.\n"); return -1; } stats_clear_all(stats, max_readings); stats_clear(&average); stats_clear(&stddev); stats_clear(&min); stats_clear(&max); stats_clear(&geometric_mean); stats_headings(); row++; if ((time_start = gettime_to_double()) < 0.0) { free(stats); return -1; } if (stats_read(&s1) < 0) { free(stats); return -1; } if (opts & OPTS_CSTATES) cpu_states_update(); if (opts & OPTS_GPU) power_get_gpu(&s2, &s1, &stats[readings]); while (!stop_recv && (readings < max_readings)) { double time_now, secs; int ret = 0; if ((time_now = gettime_to_double()) < 0.0) { free(stats); return -1; } /* Timeout to wait for in the future for this sample */ secs = time_start + ((double)t * sample_delay) - time_now; if (secs > 0.0) { struct timeval tv; double_to_timeval(secs, &tv); if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) { fd_set readfds; FD_ZERO(&readfds); FD_SET(sock, &readfds); ret = select(sock+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv); } else { ret = select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv); } if (ret < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) break; (void)fprintf(stderr,"select failed: errno=%d (%s).\n", errno, strerror(errno)); free(stats); return -1; } } /* Time out, so measure some more samples */ if (ret == 0) { char tmbuffer[10]; bool discharging; if (redone) { char buffer[80]; int indent; (void)snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "--- Skipped samples(s) because of %s%s%s ---", (redone & OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE) ? "low CPU idle" : "", (redone & (OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE | OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY)) == (OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE | OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY) ? " and " : "", (redone & OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY) ? "fork/exec/exit activity" : ""); indent = (80 - strlen(buffer)) / 2; row_increment(&row); (void)printf("%*.*s%s\n", indent, indent, "", buffer); redone = 0; } get_time(tmbuffer, sizeof(tmbuffer)); if (stats_read(&s2) < 0) { free(stats); return -1; } /* * Total ticks was zero, something is broken, * so re-sample */ if (!stats_gather(&s1, &s2, &stats[readings])) { stats_clear(&stats[readings]); if (stats_read(&s1) < 0) { free(stats); return -1; } redone |= OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE; continue; } if ((opts & OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE) && (!stats[readings].inaccurate[CPU_IDLE]) && (stats[readings].value[CPU_IDLE] < idle_threshold)) { stats_clear(&stats[readings]); if (stats_read(&s1) < 0) { free(stats); return -1; } redone |= OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE; continue; } if (power_get(&stats[readings], &discharging) < 0) { free(stats); return -1; /* Failure to read */ } if (opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) tz_get_temperature(&stats[readings]); if (opts & OPTS_GPU) power_get_gpu(&s1, &s2, &stats[readings]); if (!discharging) { free(stats); return -1; /* No longer discharging! */ } row_increment(&row); stats_print(tmbuffer, false, &stats[readings]); readings++; s1 = s2; t++; continue; } if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) { bool redo = false; char __attribute__ ((aligned(NLMSG_ALIGNTO)))buf[4096]; if ((len = recv(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)) == 0) { free(stats); return 0; } if (len == -1) { if (errno == EINTR) { continue; } else { (void)fprintf(stderr,"recv failed: errno=%d (%s).\n", errno, strerror(errno)); free(stats); return -1; } } for (nlmsghdr = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf; NLMSG_OK (nlmsghdr, len); nlmsghdr = NLMSG_NEXT (nlmsghdr, len)) { struct cn_msg *cn_msg; struct proc_event *proc_ev; pid_t ppid; bool is_thread; if ((nlmsghdr->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) || (nlmsghdr->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_NOOP)) continue; cn_msg = NLMSG_DATA(nlmsghdr); if ((cn_msg->id.idx != CN_IDX_PROC) || (cn_msg->id.val != CN_VAL_PROC)) continue; proc_ev = (struct proc_event *)cn_msg->data; switch (proc_ev->what) { case PROC_EVENT_FORK: stats[readings].value[PROC_FORK] += 1.0; ppid = get_parent_pid(proc_ev->event_data.fork.child_pid, &is_thread); proc_info_add(proc_ev->event_data.fork.child_pid); if (opts & OPTS_SHOW_PROC_ACTIVITY) { char *type = is_thread ? "clone" : "fork"; log_printf("fork: parent pid=%d -> %s pid=%d (%s)\n", ppid, type, proc_ev->event_data.fork.child_pid, proc_info_get(proc_ev->event_data.fork.child_pid)); } redo = true; break; case PROC_EVENT_EXEC: stats[readings].value[PROC_EXEC] += 1.0; if (opts & OPTS_SHOW_PROC_ACTIVITY) { log_printf("exec: pid=%d (%s)\n", proc_ev->event_data.exec.process_tgid, proc_info_get(proc_ev->event_data.exec.process_pid)); } redo = true; break; case PROC_EVENT_EXIT: stats[readings].value[PROC_EXIT] += 1.0; if (opts & OPTS_SHOW_PROC_ACTIVITY) { log_printf("exit: pid=%d exit_code=%d (%s)\n", proc_ev->event_data.exit.process_pid, proc_ev->event_data.exit.exit_code, proc_info_get(proc_ev->event_data.exit.process_pid)); } if (proc_ev->event_data.exit.process_pid == proc_ev->event_data.exit.process_tgid) proc_info_free(proc_ev->event_data.exit.process_pid); redo = true; break; default: break; } } /* Have we been asked to redo a sample on fork/exec/exit? */ if (opts & OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY && redo) { stats_clear(&stats[readings]); if (stats_read(&s1) < 0) { free(stats); return -1; } redone |= OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY; } } } if (opts & OPTS_CSTATES) cpu_states_update(); /* * Stats now gathered, calculate averages, stddev, * min and max and display */ stats_average_stddev_min_max(stats, readings, &average, &stddev, &min, &max, &geometric_mean); if (readings > 0) { stats_ruler(); stats_print("Average", true, &average); stats_print("GeoMean", true, &geometric_mean); stats_print("StdDev", true, &stddev); stats_ruler(); stats_print("Minimum", true, &min); stats_print("Maximum", true, &max); stats_ruler(); } (void)printf("Summary:\n"); #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) if (opts & OPTS_RAPL) { (void)printf("CPU: %6.2f Watts on average with standard deviation %-6.2f\n", average.value[POWER_TOTAL], stddev.value[POWER_TOTAL]); } else #endif { (void)printf("System: %6.2f Watts on average with standard deviation %-6.2f\n", average.value[POWER_TOTAL], stddev.value[POWER_TOTAL]); } if (opts & OPTS_GPU) { (void)printf("GPU: %6.2f Watts on average with standard deviation %-6.2f\n", average.value[POWER_GPU], stddev.value[POWER_GPU]); } #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) if (opts & OPTS_RAPL) { char *names = power_get_rapl_domain_names(); (void)printf("Note: power read from RAPL domains: %s.\n", names ? names : "unknown"); (void)printf("These readings do not cover all the hardware in this device.\n"); free(names); } else #endif { if (power_calc_from_capacity) { (void)printf("Note: Power calculated from battery capacity drain, may not be accurate.\n"); } else { if (opts & OPTS_STANDARD_AVERAGE) (void)printf("Note: The battery supplied suitable power data, -S option not required.\n"); } } /* Just in case user wondered why no thermal zone info was displayed */ if ((opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) && (!thermal_zones)) (void)printf("Note: No thermal zones on this device.\n"); if (opts & OPTS_CSTATES) cpu_states_dump(); if (opts & OPTS_HISTOGRAM) { stats_histogram(stats, readings, POWER_TOTAL, "power measurements", "Histogram (of %d power measurements)\n\n", "Range (Watts)", 1.0); stats_histogram(stats, readings, CPU_TOTAL, "CPU utilization", "Histogram (of %d CPU utilization measurements)\n\n", "Range (%CPU)", 1.0); if (opts & OPTS_CPU_FREQ) stats_histogram(stats, readings, CPU_FREQ, "CPU average frequencies", "Histogram (of %d CPU average frequencies)\n\n", "Range (GHz)", 1e9); if (opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) { uint8_t tz; for (tz = 0; tz < thermal_zones; tz++) { char buf1[80], buf2[80]; const char *type = tz_get_type(tz); (void)snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "thermal zone %s", type); (void)snprintf(buf2, sizeof(buf2), "Histogram (of %%d thermal zone %s readings)\n\n", type); stats_histogram(stats, readings, THERMAL_ZONE_0 + tz, buf1, buf2, "Range (°C)", 1.0); } } } free(stats); return 0; } /* * show_help() * simple help */ static void show_help(char *const argv[]) { (void)printf("%s, version %s\n\n", app_name, VERSION); (void)printf("usage: %s [options] [delay [count]]\n", argv[0]); (void)printf("\t-a enable all sampling collection options (-c, -f, -t and -H)\n"); (void)printf("\t-b redo a sample if a system is busy, considered less than %d%% CPU idle\n", IDLE_THRESHOLD); (void)printf("\t-c show C-State statistics at end of the run\n"); (void)printf("\t-d specify delay before starting, default is %" PRId32 " seconds\n", start_delay); (void)printf("\t-D show RAPL domain power measurements (enables -R option)\n"); (void)printf("\t-f show average CPU frequency\n"); (void)printf("\t-g show GPU power (currently just i915)\n"); (void)printf("\t-h show help\n"); (void)printf("\t-H show spread of measurements with power histogram\n"); (void)printf("\t-i specify CPU idle threshold, used in conjunction with -b\n"); (void)printf("\t-n no printing of table heading when screen scrolls\n"); (void)printf("\t-p redo a sample if we see process fork/exec/exit activity\n"); (void)printf("\t-r redo a sample if busy and we see process activity (same as -b -p)\n"); #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) (void)printf("\t-R gather stats from Intel RAPL interface\n"); #endif (void)printf("\t-s show process fork/exec/exit activity log\n"); (void)printf("\t-S calculate power from capacity drain using standard average\n"); (void)printf("\t-t show Thermal Zone temperatures (in degrees C)\n"); (void)printf("\t-z forcibly ignore zero power rate stats from the battery\n"); (void)printf("\tdelay: delay between each sample, default is %.1f seconds\n", SAMPLE_DELAY); (void)printf("\tcount: number of samples to take\n"); } int main(int argc, char * const argv[]) { int sock = -1, ret = EXIT_FAILURE, i; long int run_duration; bool discharging; struct sigaction new_action; stats_t dummy_stats; if (geteuid() == 0) opts |= OPTS_ROOT_PRIV; for (;;) { #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) int c = getopt(argc, argv, "abd:cDfghHi:nprszStR"); #else int c = getopt(argc, argv, "abd:cDfghHi:nprszSt"); #endif if (c == -1) break; switch (c) { case 'a': opts |= (OPTS_CSTATES | OPTS_CPU_FREQ | OPTS_HISTOGRAM | OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE); if (opts & OPTS_ROOT_PRIV) opts |= OPTS_GPU; break; case 'b': opts |= OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE; break; case 'd': opts |= OPTS_START_DELAY; errno = 0; start_delay = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10); if (errno) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for start delay.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (start_delay < 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Start delay must be 0 or more seconds.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } break; case 'c': opts |= OPTS_CSTATES; break; case 'D': opts |= (OPTS_DOMAIN_STATS | OPTS_RAPL); break; case 'f': opts |= OPTS_CPU_FREQ; break; case 'g': opts |= OPTS_GPU; break; case 'h': show_help(argv); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); case 'H': opts |= OPTS_HISTOGRAM; break; case 'i': opts |= OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE; idle_threshold = atof(optarg); if ((idle_threshold < 0.0) || (idle_threshold > 99.99)) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Idle threshold must be between 0..99.99.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } break; case 'n': opts |= OPTS_NO_STATS_HEADINGS; break; case 'p': opts |= OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY; break; case 'r': opts |= (OPTS_REDO_NETLINK_BUSY | OPTS_REDO_WHEN_NOT_IDLE); break; #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) case 'R': opts |= OPTS_RAPL; break; #endif case 's': opts |= OPTS_SHOW_PROC_ACTIVITY; break; case 'S': opts |= OPTS_STANDARD_AVERAGE; break; case 't': opts |= OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE; break; case 'z': opts |= OPTS_ZERO_RATE_ALLOW; break; case '?': (void)printf("Try '%s -h' for more information.\n", app_name); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); default: show_help(argv); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } if (optind < argc) { opts |= OPTS_SAMPLE_DELAY; errno = 0; sample_delay = atof(argv[optind++]); if (errno) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for start delay.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (sample_delay < MIN_SAMPLE_DELAY) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Sample delay must be greater or equal " "to %.1f seconds.\n", MIN_SAMPLE_DELAY); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } if (opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) tz_get_zones(); if ((opts & (OPTS_START_DELAY | OPTS_ZERO_RATE_ALLOW)) == OPTS_ZERO_RATE_ALLOW) start_delay = 0; #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) if ((opts & OPTS_RAPL) && (rapl_get_domains() < 1)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); if ((opts & (OPTS_START_DELAY | OPTS_RAPL)) == OPTS_RAPL) start_delay = 0; if ((opts & (OPTS_SAMPLE_DELAY | OPTS_RAPL)) == OPTS_RAPL) sample_delay = SAMPLE_DELAY_RAPL; if (opts & OPTS_RAPL) run_duration = MIN_RUN_DURATION_RAPL + START_DELAY_RAPL - start_delay; else run_duration = MIN_RUN_DURATION + START_DELAY - start_delay; #else run_duration = MIN_RUN_DURATION + START_DELAY - start_delay; #endif if (optind < argc) { errno = 0; max_readings = strtol(argv[optind++], NULL, 10); if (errno) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for maximum readings.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if ((max_readings * sample_delay) < run_duration) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Number of readings should be at least %ld.\n", (long int)(run_duration / sample_delay)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } else { max_readings = run_duration / sample_delay; } if (max_readings < 5) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Number of readings too low.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (max_readings < 10) (void)fprintf(stderr, "Number of readings low, results may be inaccurate.\n"); if (!(opts & OPTS_ROOT_PRIV) && (opts & (OPTS_USE_NETLINK | OPTS_GPU))) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s needs to be run with root privilege when using -g, -p, -r, -s options.\n", argv[0]); exit(ret); } if (power_get(&dummy_stats, &discharging) < 0) exit(ret); (void)printf("Running for %.1f seconds (%" PRIu32 " samples at %.1f second intervals).\n", sample_delay * max_readings, max_readings, sample_delay); (void)printf("Power measurements will start in %" PRId32 " seconds time.\n", start_delay); (void)printf("\n"); if (start_delay > 0) { /* Gather up initial data */ for (i = 0; i < start_delay; i++) { (void)printf("Waiting %" PRId32 " seconds before starting (gathering samples). \r", start_delay - i); (void)fflush(stdout); if (power_get(&dummy_stats, &discharging) < 0) exit(ret); if (sleep(1) || stop_recv) exit(ret); if (!discharging) exit(ret); } (void)printf("%79.79s\r", ""); } (void)memset(&new_action, 0, sizeof(new_action)); for (i = 0; i < (int)SIZEOF_ARRAY(signals); i++) { new_action.sa_handler = handle_sig; sigemptyset(&new_action.sa_mask); new_action.sa_flags = 0; if (sigaction(signals[i], &new_action, NULL) < 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "sigaction failed: errno=%d (%s).\n", errno, strerror(errno)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } (void)siginterrupt(signals[i], 1); } log_init(); if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) { sock = netlink_connect(); if (sock == -EPROTONOSUPPORT) { if (opts & OPTS_SHOW_PROC_ACTIVITY) (void)printf("Cannot show process activity with this kernel.\n"); opts &= ~OPTS_USE_NETLINK; } else if (sock < 0) { goto abort; } else { proc_info_load(); if (netlink_listen(sock) < 0) goto abort_sock; } } if (power_get(&dummy_stats, &discharging) < 0) goto abort_sock; set_priority(); if (monitor(sock) == 0) ret = EXIT_SUCCESS; abort_sock: if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) proc_info_unload(); abort: if (opts & OPTS_USE_NETLINK) { log_dump(); log_free(); if (sock >= 0) (void)close(sock); } #if defined(POWERSTAT_X86) if (opts & OPTS_RAPL) rapl_free_list(); #endif if (opts & OPTS_THERMAL_ZONE) tz_free_list(); if (opts & OPTS_CSTATES) cpu_states_free(); exit(ret); } powerstat-0.02.15/powerstat.80000644000175000017500000001371513234324611014500 0ustar kingking.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*- .\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps .\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection .\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1) .TH POWERSTAT 8 "25 October 2017" .\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage. .\" .\" Some roff macros, for reference: .\" .nh disable hyphenation .\" .hy enable hyphenation .\" .ad l left justify .\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins .\" .nf disable filling .\" .fi enable filling .\" .br insert line break .\" .sp insert n+1 empty lines .\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7) .SH NAME powerstat \- a tool to measure power consumption .br .SH SYNOPSIS .B powerstat [options] .RI [ delay " [" count ]] .br .SH DESCRIPTION powerstat measures the power consumption of a computer that has a battery power source or supports the RAPL (Running Average Power Limit) interface. The output is like vmstat but also shows power consumption statistics. At the end of a run, powerstat will calculate the average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum and geometic mean of the gathered data. .br Note that running powerstat as root will provide extra information about process fork(2), exec(2) and exit(2) activity. .SH OPTIONS powerstat options are as follow: .TP .B \-a enable all statistics gathering options, equivalent to \-c, \-f, \-t and \-H. .TP .B \-b redo a sample measurement if a system is busy, the default for busy is considered less than 98% CPU idle. The CPU idle threshold can be altered using the \-i option. .TP .B \-c gather CPU C-state activity and show the % time and count in each C-state at the end of the run. .TP .B \-d delay specify delay in seconds before starting, default is 180 seconds when running on battery or 0 seconds when using RAPL. This gives the machine time to settle down and for the battery readings to stabilize. .TP .B \-D enable extra power stats showing all the power domain power readings. This currently only applies to the \-R RAPL option. .TP .B \-f compute an average frequency from all on-line CPU cores. Unfortunately a CPU core is always active to gather any form of stats because powerstat has to be running to do so, so these statistics are skewed by this. It is best to use this option with a reasonably large delay (more than 5 seconds) between samples to reduce the overhead of powerstat. .TP .B \-g show GPU power readings. Currently just Intel i915 is supported and one needs to run powerstat with root privilege to access the kernel i915 /sys debug interface. .TP .B \-h show help. .TP .B \-H show histogram of power measurements. .TP .B \-i threshold specify the idle threshold (in % CPU idle) to force a re-sample measurement if the CPU is less idle than this level. This option implicitly enables the \-b option. .TP .B \-n no headings. Column headings are printed when they scroll off the terminal; this option disables this and allows one to capture the output and parse the data without the need to filter out the headings. .TP .B \-p redo a sample measurement if any processes fork(), exec() or exit(). .TP .B \-r redo if system is not idle and any processes fork(), exec() or exit(), an alias for \-p \-b. .TP .B \-R read power statistics from the RAPL (Running Average Power Limit) domains. This is supported by recent Linux kernels and Sandybridge and later Intel processors. This only covers some of the hardware in the machine, such as the processor package, DRAM controller, CPU core (power plane 0), graphics uncore (power plane 1) and so forth, so the readings do not cover the entire machine. .br Because the RAPL readings are accurate and available immediately, the start delay (\-d option) is defaulted to zero seconds. .TP .B \-s this dumps a log of the process fork(), exec() and exit() activity on completion. .TP .B \-S use standard averaging to calculate power consumption instead of using a 120 second rolling average of capacity samples. This is only useful if the battery reports just capacity values and is an alternative method of calculating the power consumption based on the start and current battery capacity. .TP .B \-t gather temperatures from all the available thermal zones on the device. If there are no thermal zones available then nothing will be displayed. .TP .B \-z forcibly ignore zero power rate readings from the battery. Use this to gather other statistics (for example when using \-c, \-f, \-t options) if powerstat cannot measure power (not discharging or no RAPL interface). .SH EXAMPLES .LP Measure power with the default of 10 samples with an interval of 10 seconds .RS 8 powerstat .RE .LP Measure power with 60 samples with an interval of 1 second .RS 8 powerstat 1 60 .RE .LP Measure power and redo sampling if we are not idle and we detect fork()/exec()/exit() activity .RS 8 sudo powerstat \-r .RE .LP Measure power using the Intel RAPL interface: .RS 8 powerstat \-R .RE .LP Measure power using the Intel RAPL interface and show extra RAPL domain power readings and power measurement histogram at end of the run .RS 8 powerstat \-RDH .RE .LP Measure power and redo sampling if less that 95% idle .RS 8 powerstat \-i 95 .RE .LP Wait to settle for 1 minute then measure power every 20 seconds and show any fork()/exec()/exit() activity at end of the measuring .RS 8 powerstat \-d 60 \-s 20 .RE .LP Measure temperature, CPU frequencies, C-states, power via RAPL domains, produce histograms, don't print repeated headings and measure every 0.5 seconds .RS 8 powerstat -tfcRHn 0.5 .RE .SH SEE ALSO .BR vmstat (8), .BR powertop (8), .BR power-calibrate (8) .SH AUTHOR powerstat was written by Colin King .PP This manual page was written by Colin King , for the Ubuntu project (but may be used by others). .SH COPYRIGHT Copyright \(co 2011-2018 Canonical Ltd. .br This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. powerstat-0.02.15/Makefile0000644000175000017500000000333713234324611014016 0ustar kingking# # Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Canonical, Ltd. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 # of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. # VERSION=0.02.15 CFLAGS += -Wall -Wextra -DVERSION='"$(VERSION)"' # # Pedantic flags # ifeq ($(PEDANTIC),1) CFLAGS += -Wabi -Wcast-qual -Wfloat-equal -Wmissing-declarations \ -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wno-long-long -Wpacked \ -Wredundant-decls -Wshadow -Wno-missing-field-initializers \ -Wno-missing-braces -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-multichar endif BINDIR=/usr/bin MANDIR=/usr/share/man/man8 powerstat: powerstat.o $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -lm -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) powerstat.8.gz: powerstat.8 gzip -c $< > $@ dist: rm -rf powerstat-$(VERSION) mkdir powerstat-$(VERSION) cp -rp Makefile mascot powerstat.c powerstat.8 COPYING snapcraft \ powerstat-$(VERSION) tar -zcf powerstat-$(VERSION).tar.gz powerstat-$(VERSION) rm -rf powerstat-$(VERSION) clean: rm -f powerstat powerstat.o powerstat.8.gz rm -f powerstat-$(VERSION).tar.gz install: powerstat powerstat.8.gz mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR} cp powerstat ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR} mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${MANDIR} cp powerstat.8.gz ${DESTDIR}${MANDIR} powerstat-0.02.15/snapcraft/0000755000175000017500000000000013234324611014331 5ustar kingkingpowerstat-0.02.15/snapcraft/snapcraft.yaml0000644000175000017500000000124113234324611017174 0ustar kingkingname: powerstat version: 0.02.11-20170425-290-5bd6c38 summary: computer power measuring tool description: Powerstat measures the power consumption of a computer that has a battery power source or an Intel RAPL power domain. The output is like vmstat but also shows power consumption statistics. At the end of a run, powerstat will calculate the average, standard deviation and min/max of the gathered data. confinement: devmode type: app grade: stable parts: powerstat: plugin: make source: git://kernel.ubuntu.com/cking/powerstat build-packages: - gcc - make apps: powerstat: command: usr/bin/powerstat powerstat-0.02.15/snapcraft/Makefile0000644000175000017500000000101513234324611015766 0ustar kingkingVERSION=$(shell git tag | tail -1 | cut -c2-) COMMITS=$(shell git log --oneline | wc -l) SHA=$(shell git log -1 --oneline | cut -d' ' -f1) DATE=$(shell date +'%Y%m%d') V=$(VERSION)-$(DATE)-$(COMMITS)-$(SHA) all: set_version snapcraft set_version: cat snapcraft.yaml | sed 's/version: .*/version: $(V)/' > snapcraft-tmp.yaml mv snapcraft-tmp.yaml snapcraft.yaml clean: rm -rf setup *.snap snapcraft clean cat snapcraft.yaml | sed 's/version: .*/version: 0/' > snapcraft-tmp.yaml mv snapcraft-tmp.yaml snapcraft.yaml powerstat-0.02.15/COPYING0000644000175000017500000004325413234324611013413 0ustar kingking GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 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BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.