debian/0000775000000000000000000000000013301261515007165 5ustar debian/tests/0000775000000000000000000000000012662561262010342 5ustar debian/tests/failing-tests-dbg0000664000000000000000000000430212624655764013600 0ustar #!/bin/sh set -e if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then if [ -n "$SUDO_USER" ] && getent passwd "$SUDO_USER" > /dev/null; then su_user="$SUDO_USER" else su_user=nobody fi if [ -e /etc/default/apport ]; then # stop apport service apport stop 2>/dev/null || true sed -i '/^enabled=/s/=.*/=0/' /etc/default/apport 2>/dev/null fi fi tmphome=$ADTTMP/home mkdir -p $tmphome/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages if [ -n "$su_user" ]; then chmod go+rx $ADTTMP chown $su_user:nogroup $tmphome fi ls -la $ADTTMP # no root access needed after this point debian_dir=$(dirname $(dirname $0)) export LOCPATH=$(pwd)/locales sh $debian_dir/locale-gen export LANG=C TESTPYTHON="python3.5dm -W default -bb -E -R -m test" TESTOPTS="-j 1 -w -uall,-network,-urlfetch,-gui" TESTEXCLUSIONS= # test_code_module: http://bugs.python.org/issue25109 TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_code_module" # test_dbm: Fails from time to time ... TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_dbm" # test_ensurepip: not yet installed, http://bugs.debian.org/732703 # ... and then test_venv fails too TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_ensurepip test_venv " # test_site: Investigate why this fails ... our package has one sitedir less TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_site" # test_zipfile: Issue 17753, requires write access to test and email.test TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_zipfile" if [ "$su_user" = nobody ]; then log=/dev/null else log=testsuite-dbg.log fi script=$debian_dir/script.py echo "Running the failing tests with the debug enabled interpreter:" progressions= for tst in $TESTEXCLUSIONS; do if [ -f "$script" ]; then cmd="HOME=$tmphome python3.5 $script \"$log\" \"$TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $tst\"" else cmd="HOME=$tmphome $TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $tst" fi echo "Running $tst ..." if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then echo "su -s /bin/sh -c $cmd $su_user" if su -s /bin/sh -c "$cmd" $su_user; then progressions="$progressions $tst" else : fi else echo "$cmd" if eval $cmd; then progressions="$progressions $tst" else : fi fi done if [ -n "$progressions" ]; then echo "Tests run: $TESTEXCLUSIONS" echo "Progressions:$progressions" fi exit 0 debian/tests/testsuite-dbg0000664000000000000000000000411612662561262013052 0ustar #!/bin/sh set -e if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then if [ -n "$SUDO_USER" ] && getent passwd "$SUDO_USER" > /dev/null; then su_user="$SUDO_USER" else su_user=nobody fi if [ -e /etc/default/apport ]; then # stop apport service apport stop 2>/dev/null || true sed -i '/^enabled=/s/=.*/=0/' /etc/default/apport 2>/dev/null fi fi tmphome=$ADTTMP/home mkdir -p $tmphome/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages if [ -n "$su_user" ]; then chmod -R go+rx $ADTTMP chown -R $su_user:nogroup $tmphome fi ls -la $ADTTMP # no root access needed after this point debian_dir=$(dirname $(dirname $0)) export LOCPATH=$(pwd)/locales sh $debian_dir/locale-gen export LANG=C TESTPYTHON="python3.5dm -W default -bb -E -R -m test" TESTOPTS="-j 1 -w -uall,-network,-urlfetch,-gui" TESTEXCLUSIONS="-x" # test_code_module: http://bugs.python.org/issue25109 TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_code_module" # test_dbm: Fails from time to time ... TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_dbm" # test_ensurepip: not yet installed, http://bugs.debian.org/732703 # ... and then test_venv fails too TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_ensurepip test_venv " # test_site: Investigate why this fails ... our package has one sitedir less TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_site" # test_zipfile: Issue 17753, requires write access to test and email.test TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_zipfile" TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_socket" if [ "$su_user" = nobody ]; then log=/dev/null else log=testsuite-dbg.log fi # several tests fail with configured proxy; we don't need internet access, so # unset proxy variables EXTRAENV="env -u https_proxy -u http_proxy -u no_proxy HOME=$tmphome" script=$debian_dir/script.py if [ -f "$script" ]; then cmd="$EXTRAENV python3.5 $script \"$log\" \"$TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $TESTEXCLUSIONS\"" else cmd="$EXTRAENV $TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $TESTEXCLUSIONS" fi echo "Running the python testsuite with the debug enabled interpreter:" if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then echo "su -s /bin/sh -c $cmd $su_user" su -s /bin/sh -c "$cmd" $su_user else echo "$cmd" eval $cmd fi debian/tests/testsuite0000664000000000000000000000442712662561250012322 0ustar #!/bin/sh set -e if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then if [ -n "$SUDO_USER" ] && getent passwd "$SUDO_USER" > /dev/null; then su_user="$SUDO_USER" else su_user=nobody fi if [ -e /etc/default/apport ]; then # stop apport service apport stop 2>/dev/null || true sed -i '/^enabled=/s/=.*/=0/' /etc/default/apport 2>/dev/null fi fi tmphome=$ADTTMP/home mkdir -p $tmphome if [ -n "$su_user" ]; then chmod go+rx $ADTTMP chown $su_user:nogroup $tmphome fi ls -la $ADTTMP tmphome=$ADTTMP/home mkdir -p $tmphome/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages if [ -n "$su_user" ]; then chmod -R go+rx $ADTTMP chown -R $su_user:nogroup $tmphome fi # no root access needed after this point debian_dir=$(dirname $(dirname $0)) export LOCPATH=$(pwd)/locales sh $debian_dir/locale-gen export LANG=C TESTPYTHON="python3.5 -W default -bb -E -R -m test" TESTOPTS="-j 1 -w -uall,-network,-urlfetch,-gui" TESTEXCLUSIONS="-x" # test_code_module: http://bugs.python.org/issue25109 TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_code_module" # test_dbm: Fails from time to time ... TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_dbm" # test_ensurepip: not yet installed, http://bugs.debian.org/732703 # ... and then test_venv fails too TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_ensurepip test_venv " # test_gdb: not run for the optimized build TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_gdb" # test_site: Investigate why this fails ... our package has one sitedir less TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_site" # test_zipfile: Issue 17753, requires write access to test and email.test TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_zipfile" TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_socket" if [ "$su_user" = nobody ]; then log=/dev/null else log=testsuite.log fi # several tests fail with configured proxy; we don't need internet access, so # unset proxy variables EXTRAENV="env -u https_proxy -u http_proxy -u no_proxy HOME=$tmphome" script=$debian_dir/script.py if [ -f "$script" ]; then cmd="$EXTRAENV python3.5 $script \"$log\" \"$TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $TESTEXCLUSIONS\"" else cmd="$EXTRAENV $TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $TESTEXCLUSIONS" fi echo "Running the python testsuite with the standard interpreter:" if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then echo "su -s /bin/sh -c $cmd $su_user" su -s /bin/sh -c "$cmd" $su_user else echo "$cmd" eval $cmd fi debian/tests/failing-tests0000664000000000000000000000426712624655727013057 0ustar #!/bin/sh set -e if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then if [ -n "$SUDO_USER" ] && getent passwd "$SUDO_USER" > /dev/null; then su_user="$SUDO_USER" else su_user=nobody fi if [ -e /etc/default/apport ]; then # stop apport service apport stop 2>/dev/null || true sed -i '/^enabled=/s/=.*/=0/' /etc/default/apport 2>/dev/null fi fi tmphome=$ADTTMP/home mkdir -p $tmphome/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages if [ -n "$su_user" ]; then chmod go+rx $ADTTMP chown $su_user:nogroup $tmphome fi ls -la $ADTTMP # no root access needed after this point debian_dir=$(dirname $(dirname $0)) export LOCPATH=$(pwd)/locales sh $debian_dir/locale-gen export LANG=C TESTPYTHON="python3.5 -W default -bb -E -R -m test" TESTOPTS="-j 1 -w -uall,-network,-urlfetch,-gui" TESTEXCLUSIONS= # test_code_module: http://bugs.python.org/issue25109 TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_code_module" # test_dbm: Fails from time to time ... TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_dbm" # test_ensurepip: not yet installed, http://bugs.debian.org/732703 # ... and then test_venv fails too TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_ensurepip test_venv " # test_site: Investigate why this fails ... our package has one sitedir less TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_site" # test_zipfile: Issue 17753, requires write access to test and email.test TESTEXCLUSIONS="$TESTEXCLUSIONS test_zipfile" if [ "$su_user" = nobody ]; then log=/dev/null else log=testsuite.log fi script=$debian_dir/script.py echo "Running the failing tests with the standard interpreter:" progressions= for tst in $TESTEXCLUSIONS; do if [ -f "$script" ]; then cmd="HOME=$tmphome python3.5 $script \"$log\" \"$TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $tst\"" else cmd="HOME=$tmphome $TESTPYTHON $TESTOPTS $tst" fi echo "Running $tst ..." if [ "$(whoami)" = root ]; then echo "su -s /bin/sh -c $cmd $su_user" if su -s /bin/sh -c "$cmd" $su_user; then progressions="$progressions $tst" else : fi else echo "$cmd" if eval $cmd; then progressions="$progressions $tst" else : fi fi done if [ -n "$progressions" ]; then echo "Tests run: $TESTEXCLUSIONS" echo "Progressions:$progressions" fi exit 0 debian/tests/control0000664000000000000000000000131112567555622011750 0ustar Tests: testsuite Depends: build-essential, locales, python3.5-dev, libpython3.5-testsuite, python3-gdbm # need to turn off apport Restrictions: needs-root Tests: testsuite-dbg Depends: build-essential, locales, python3.5-dev, python3.5-dbg, libpython3.5-testsuite, python3-gdbm-dbg, gdb # need to turn off apport Restrictions: needs-root Tests: failing-tests Depends: build-essential, locales, python3.5-dev, libpython3.5-testsuite, python3-gdbm # need to turn off apport Restrictions: needs-root allow-stderr Tests: failing-tests-dbg Depends: build-essential, locales, python3.5-dev, python3.5-dbg, libpython3.5-testsuite, python3-gdbm-dbg, gdb # need to turn off apport Restrictions: needs-root allow-stderr debian/PVER-minimal.preinst.in0000664000000000000000000000050212244115414013376 0ustar #!/bin/sh set -e case "$1" in install) # remember newly installed runtime mkdir -p /var/lib/python touch /var/lib/python/@PVER@_installed ;; upgrade) : ;; abort-upgrade) ;; *) echo "preinst called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/idle.desktop.in0000664000000000000000000000041612244115414012104 0ustar [Desktop Entry] Name=IDLE (using Python-@VER@) Comment=Integrated Development Environment for Python (using Python-@VER@) Exec=/usr/bin/idle-@PVER@ Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/@PVER@.xpm Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;Development; StartupNotify=true debian/PVER.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000136512642757430011437 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e remove_bytecode() { pkg=$1 max=$(LANG=C LC_ALL=C xargs --show-limits < /dev/null 2>&1 | awk '/Maximum length/ {print int($NF / 4)}') dpkg -L $pkg \ | awk -F/ 'BEGIN {OFS="/"} /\.py$/ {$NF=sprintf("__pycache__/%s.*.py[co]", substr($NF,1,length($NF)-3)); print}' \ | xargs --max-chars="$max" echo \ | while read files; do rm -f $files; done find /usr/lib/python3 /usr/lib/@PVER@ -name dist-packages -prune -o -name __pycache__ -empty -print \ | xargs -r rm -rf } case "$1" in remove|upgrade) remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-stdlib@HOST_QUAL@ ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/idle-PVER.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000133212642757447012354 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e remove_bytecode() { pkg=$1 max=$(LANG=C LC_ALL=C xargs --show-limits < /dev/null 2>&1 | awk '/Maximum length/ {print int($NF / 4)}') dpkg -L $pkg \ | awk -F/ 'BEGIN {OFS="/"} /\.py$/ {$NF=sprintf("__pycache__/%s.*.py[co]", substr($NF,1,length($NF)-3)); print}' \ | xargs --max-chars=$max echo \ | while read files; do rm -f $files; done find /usr/lib/@PVER@ -name dist-packages -prune -o -name __pycache__ -empty -print \ | xargs -r rm -rf } case "$1" in remove|upgrade) remove_bytecode idle-@PVER@ ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/watch0000664000000000000000000000023312631360406010220 0ustar version=3 opts=dversionmangle=s/.*\+//,uversionmangle=s/([abcr]+[1-9])$/~$1/ \ http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3\.5(\.\d)?/Python-(3\.5[.\dabcr]*)\.tgz debian/locale-gen0000664000000000000000000000140112260567277011133 0ustar #!/bin/sh LOCPATH=`pwd`/locales export LOCPATH [ -d $LOCPATH ] || mkdir -p $LOCPATH umask 022 echo "Generating locales..." while read locale charset; do case $locale in \#*) continue;; esac [ -n "$locale" -a -n "$charset" ] || continue echo -n " `echo $locale | sed 's/\([^.\@]*\).*/\1/'`" echo -n ".$charset" echo -n `echo $locale | sed 's/\([^\@]*\)\(\@.*\)*/\2/'` echo -n '...' if [ -f $LOCPATH/$locale ]; then input=$locale else input=`echo $locale | sed 's/\([^.]*\)[^@]*\(.*\)/\1\2/'` fi localedef -i $input -c -f $charset $LOCPATH/$locale #-A /etc/locale.alias echo ' done'; \ done <=2.1 or libdb2) - bsddb1: Berkeley DB 1.85 Hash (as in libc6 >=2.1 or libdb2) - gdbm: GNU dbm 1.x or ndbm - dbm: " (nearly the same as the gdbm module for us) - dumbdbm: a hand-crafted format only used in this module That means that all usual formats should be readable with anydbm. * If you want to create a database in a format different from DB 2.X, you can still directly use the specified module. * I.e. bsddb is the preferred module, and DB 2.X is the preferred format. * Note that the db1hash and bsddb1 modules are Debian specific. anydbm and whichdb have been modified to support DB 2.X Hash files (see below for details). For experts only: ---------------- Although bsddb employs the new DB 2.X format and uses the new Sleepycat DB 2 library as included with glibc >= 2.1, it's still using the old DB 1.85 API (which is still supported by DB 2). A more recent version 1.1 of the BSD DB module (available from http://starship.skyport.net/robind/python/) directly uses the DB 2.X API. It has a richer set of features. On a glibc 2.1 system, bsddb is linked with -ldb, bsddb1 is linked with -ldb1 and gdbm as well as dbm are linked with -lgdbm. On a glibc 2.0 system (e.g. potato for m68k or slink), bsddb will be linked with -ldb2 while bsddb1 will be linked with -ldb (therefore python-base here depends on libdb2). db1hash and bsddb1 nearly completely identical to dbhash and bsddb. The only difference is that bsddb is linked with the real DB 2 library, while bsddb1 is linked with an library which provides compatibility with legacy DB 1.85 databases. July 16, 1999 Gregor Hoffleit debian/README.source0000664000000000000000000000050312244115414011343 0ustar The source tarball is lacking the files Lib/profile.py and Lib/pstats.py, which Debian considers to have a license non-suitable for main (the use of these modules limited to python). The package uses quilt to apply / unapply patches. See /usr/share/doc/quilt/README.source. The series file is generated during the build. debian/copyright0000664000000000000000000016426512727175530011152 0ustar This package was put together by Klee Dienes from sources from ftp.python.org:/pub/python, based on the Debianization by the previous maintainers Bernd S. Brentrup and Bruce Perens. Current maintainer is Matthias Klose . It was downloaded from http://python.org/ Copyright: Upstream Author: Guido van Rossum and others. License: The following text includes the Python license and licenses and acknowledgements for incorporated software. The licenses can be read in the HTML and texinfo versions of the documentation as well, after installing the pythonx.y-doc package. Licenses for files not licensed under the Python Licenses are found at the end of this file. Python License ============== A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE ========================== Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the software. In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of the PSF. All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes the various releases. Release Derived Year Owner GPL- from compatible? (1) 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes 2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes 2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes 2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes 2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes 2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes 2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes 2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes 2.6.5 2.6.4 2010 PSF yes 3.0 2.6 2008 PSF yes 3.0.1 3.0 2009 PSF yes 3.1 3.0.1 2009 PSF yes 3.1.1 3.1 2009 PSF yes 3.1.2 3.1.1 2010 PSF yes 3.1.3 3.1.2 2010 PSF yes 3.1.4 3.1.3 2011 PSF yes 3.2 3.1 2011 PSF yes 3.2.1 3.2 2011 PSF yes 3.2.2 3.2.1 2011 PSF yes 3.3 3.2 2012 PSF yes Footnotes: (1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute a modified version without making your changes open source. The GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. (2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, because its license has a choice of law clause. According to CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's direction to make these releases possible. B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON =============================================================== PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 -------------------------------------------- 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation ("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and its associated documentation. 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python. 4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of its terms and conditions. 7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 ------------------------------------------- BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using this software in source or binary form and its associated documentation ("the Software"). 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of its terms and conditions. 6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the permissions granted on that web page. 7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 --------------------------------------- 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation. 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 5. 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Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. ACCEPT CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 -------------------------------------------------- Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, The Netherlands. All rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software ======================================================= Mersenne Twister ---------------- The `_random' module includes code based on a download from `http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/~matumoto/MT2002/emt19937ar.html'. The following are the verbatim comments from the original code: A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26. Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto. Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed) or init_by_array(init_key, key_length). Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura, All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Any feedback is very welcome. http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/matumoto/emt.html email: matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp Sockets ------- The `socket' module uses the functions, `getaddrinfo', and `getnameinfo', which are coded in separate source files from the WIDE Project, `http://www.wide.ad.jp/about/index.html'. Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND GAI_ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR GAI_ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON GAI_ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN GAI_ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Floating point exception control -------------------------------- The source for the `fpectl' module includes the following notice: --------------------------------------------------------------------- / Copyright (c) 1996. \ | The Regents of the University of California. | | All rights reserved. | | | | Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for | | any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this en- | | tire notice is included in all copies of any software which is or | | includes a copy or modification of this software and in all | | copies of the supporting documentation for such software. | | | | This work was produced at the University of California, Lawrence | | Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. W-7405-ENG-48 | | between the U.S. Department of Energy and The Regents of the | | University of California for the operation of UC LLNL. | | | | DISCLAIMER | | | | This software was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an | | agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States | | Government nor the University of California nor any of their em- | | ployees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any | | liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or | | usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process | | disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe | | privately-owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commer- | | cial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, | | manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or | | imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United | | States Government or the University of California. The views and | | opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or | | reflect those of the United States Government or the University | | of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product | \ endorsement purposes. / --------------------------------------------------------------------- Cookie management ----------------- The `Cookie' module contains the following notice: Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley All Rights Reserved Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Timothy O'Malley not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Execution tracing ----------------- The `trace' module contains the following notice: portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights... err... reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the Python 2.2 license. Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx http://zooko.com/ mailto:zooko@zooko.com Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved. Author: Skip Montanaro Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved. Author: Andrew Dalke Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved. Author: Skip Montanaro Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix, Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. UUencode and UUdecode functions ------------------------------- The `uu' module contains the following notice: Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America. All Rights Reserved Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995: - Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C version is still 5 times faster, though. - Arguments more compliant with python standard XML Remote Procedure Calls -------------------------- The `xmlrpclib' module contains the following notice: The XML-RPC client interface is Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood, and will comply with the following terms and conditions: Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. 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Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl Copyright: Copyright © 2008-2013 The pip developers: Alex Grönholm Alex Morega Alexandre Conrad Andrey Bulgakov Antti Kaihola Armin Ronacher Aziz Köksal Ben Rosser Brian Rosner Carl Meyer Chris McDonough Christian Oudard Clay McClure Cody Soyland Daniel Holth Dave Abrahams David (d1b) Dmitry Gladkov Donald Stufft Francesco Geoffrey Lehée Georgi Valkov Hugo Lopes Tavares Ian Bicking Igor Sobreira Ionel Maries Cristian Jakub Vysoky James Cleveland Jannis Leidel Jay Graves John-Scott Atlakson Jon Parise Jonas Nockert Josh Bronson Kamal Bin Mustafa Kelsey Hightower Kenneth Belitzky Kumar McMillan Luke Macken Masklinn Marc Abramowitz Marcus Smith Markus Hametner Matt Maker Maxime R. Miguel Araujo Nick Stenning Nowell Strite Oliver Tonnhofer Olivier Girardot Patrick Jenkins Paul Moore Paul Nasrat Paul Oswald Paul van der Linden Peter Waller Phil Whelan Piet Delport Przemek Wrzos Qiangning Hong Rafael Caricio Rene Dudfield Roey Berman Ronny Pfannschmidt Rory McCann Simon Cross Stavros Korokithakis Thomas Fenzl Thomas Johansson Vinay Sajip Vitaly Babiy W Trevor King Wil Tan Hsiaoming Yang License: Expat Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: . The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. . THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/ipaddress.py Copyright: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved 2007 Google Inc. License: PSF-2 Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/retrying.py Copyright: (c) 2013-2014, (c) 2014, Derek Wilson (c) 2014, Alex Kuang License: Apache-2 License: Apache-2 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at . http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 . Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. . On Debian-based systems the full text of the Apache version 2.0 license can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/Apache-2.0. Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/six.py Copyright: Copyright (c) 2010-2014 Benjamin Peterson License: Expat Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol Copyright: 2015 Eric Larson License: Apache-2.0 Copyright 2015 Eric Larson . Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at . http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 . Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. . See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. . On Debian systems, the license is available at /usr/share/common-licenses/Apache-2.0 Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/colorama Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/distlib Copyright: Copyright (C) 2012-2013 The Python Software Foundation Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Vinay Sajip License: Python Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/html5lib html5lib is Copyright (c) 2006 The Authors Authors: James Graham - james@hoppipolla.co.uk Anne van Kesteren - annevankesteren@gmail.com Lachlan Hunt - lachlan.hunt@lachy.id.au Matt McDonald - kanashii@kanashii.ca Sam Ruby - rubys@intertwingly.net Ian Hickson (Google) - ian@hixie.ch Thomas Broyer - t.broyer@gmail.com License: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/lockfile Copyright: © 2014–2015 OpenStack Foundation © 2007–2012 Skip Montanaro © 2008–2014 Ben Finney License: Expat Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/packaging Copyright: Copyright (C) 2014 Donald Stufft Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Vinay Sajip License: Apache-2.0 Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/progress Copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Giorgos Verigakis License: ISC Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/requests Copyright: 2016, Kenneth Reitz License: Apache Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/* Copyright: 2008-2016, Andrey Petrov License: Expat Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/packages/ordered_dict.py Copyright: 2009, Raymond Hettinger License: Expat Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py Copyright: 2011, Python Software Foundation License: PSF-2 Files: Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-*.whl/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/chardet/* Copyright: 2006-2008, Mark Pilgrim 2012-2013, Ian Cordasco License: LGPL-2.1+ debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-ext.in0000664000000000000000000000142012244115414014057 0ustar Document: @PVER@-ext Title: Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter (v@VER@) Author: Guido van Rossum Abstract: This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can define new functions but also new object types and their methods. The document also describes how to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for use as an extension language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature. 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DEFAULT_VERSION = no STATIC_PYTHON=yes MIN_MODS := $(shell awk '/^ / && $$2 == "module" { print $$1 }' \ debian/PVER-minimal.README.Debian.in) MIN_EXTS := $(shell awk '/^ / && $$2 ~ /^extension/ { print $$1 }' \ debian/PVER-minimal.README.Debian.in) MIN_BUILTINS := $(shell awk '/^ / && $$2 == "builtin" { print $$1 }' \ debian/PVER-minimal.README.Debian.in) MIN_PACKAGES := $(shell awk '/^ / && $$2 == "package" { print $$1 }' \ debian/PVER-minimal.README.Debian.in) MIN_ENCODINGS := $(foreach i, \ $(filter-out \ big5% bz2% cp932.py cp949.py cp950.py euc_% \ gb% iso2022% johab.py shift_jis% , \ $(shell cd Lib/encodings && echo *.py)), \ encodings/$(i)) \ codecs.py stringprep.py with_tk := no with_interp := static #with_interp := shared PY_INTERPRETER = /usr/bin/python$(VER) ifeq ($(DEFAULT_VERSION),yes) PY_PRIO = standard #PYSTDDEP = , python (>= $(VER)) else PY_PRIO = optional endif ifeq ($(distribution),Ubuntu) PY_MINPRIO = required PY_MINPRIO = optional with_fpectl = yes #with_udeb = yes else PY_MINPRIO = $(PY_PRIO) with_fpectl = yes endif ifeq (,$(filter $(distrelease),lenny etch squeeze wheezy lucid maverick natty oneiric)) bd_qual = :any endif ifeq (,$(filter $(distrelease),lenny etch squeeze wheezy lucid maverick natty oneiric)) ma_filter = cat else ma_filter = grep -v '^Multi-Arch:' endif ifneq (,$(filter $(distrelease),sid experimental)) bd_gcc = endif ifeq (,$(filter $(distrelease),lenny etch squeeze wheezy lucid maverick natty oneiric precise quantal raring saucy trusty)) bd_dpkgdev = dpkg-dev (>= 1.17.11), endif CC=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-gcc CXX=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-g++ AR=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-ar RANLIB=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-ranlib DPKG_CPPFLAGS:= $(shell dpkg-buildflags --get CPPFLAGS) DPKG_CFLAGS := $(shell dpkg-buildflags --get CFLAGS) DPKG_LDFLAGS := $(shell dpkg-buildflags --get LDFLAGS) OPT_CFLAGS := $(filter-out -O%,$(DPKG_CFLAGS)) # default is -O3 DEBUG_CFLAGS := $(patsubst -O%,-Og,$(DPKG_CFLAGS)) # on alpha, use -O2 only, use -mieee ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH),alpha) OPT_CFLAGS += -mieee DEBUG_CFLAGS += -mieee EXTRA_OPT_FLAGS += -O2 endif ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH),m68k) EXTRA_OPT_FLAGS += -O2 endif ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE),$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)) ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS),linux) ifneq (,$(findstring $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), amd64 armel armhf i386 powerpc ppc64 ppc64el s390x)) with_pgo := yes endif endif endif ifneq (,$(findstring $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), amd64 armel armhf i386 powerpc ppc64 ppc64el s390x)) with_lto := yes endif ifeq ($(distribution),Debian) # FIXME: https://buildd.debian.org/status/logs.php?pkg=python3.5&ver=3.5.1-1&arch=s390x&suite=sid with_lto := $(if $(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), s390x),,$(with_lto)) endif ifneq (,$(findstring noopt, $(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS))) OPT_CFLAGS := $(filter-out -O%, $(OPT_CFLAGS)) EXTRA_OPT_CFLAGS = -O0 with_pgo = with_lto = endif ifeq ($(with_lto),yes) LTO_CFLAGS = -g -flto -fuse-linker-plugin with_fat_lto := $(shell dpkg --compare-versions $$($(CC) --version \ | sed -n '/^$(CC)/s,.* ,,p') ge 4.9 && echo yes) ifeq ($(with_fat_lto),yes) LTO_CFLAGS += -ffat-lto-objects endif EXTRA_OPT_CFLAGS += $(LTO_CFLAGS) AR=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-gcc-ar RANLIB=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-gcc-ranlib endif with_pgo := make_build_target = $(if $(with_pgo),profile-opt) buildd_static := $(CURDIR)/build-static buildd_shared := $(CURDIR)/build-shared buildd_debug := $(CURDIR)/build-debug buildd_shdebug := $(CURDIR)/build-shdebug d := debian/tmp scriptdir = usr/share/lib/python$(VER) scriptdir = usr/share/python$(VER) scriptdir = usr/lib/python$(VER) # package names and directories p_base := $(PVER) p_min := $(PVER)-minimal p_lib := lib$(PVER) p_tk := $(PVER)-tk p_dev := $(PVER)-dev p_exam := $(PVER)-examples p_idle := idle-$(PVER) p_doc := $(PVER)-doc p_dbg := $(PVER)-dbg p_udeb := $(PVER)-udeb p_venv := $(PVER)-venv p_lbase := lib$(PVER)-stdlib p_lmin := lib$(PVER)-minimal p_ldev := lib$(PVER)-dev p_ldbg := lib$(PVER)-dbg p_ltst := lib$(PVER)-testsuite d_base := debian/$(p_base) d_min := debian/$(p_min) d_lib := debian/$(p_lib) d_tk := debian/$(p_tk) d_dev := debian/$(p_dev) d_exam := debian/$(p_exam) d_idle := debian/$(p_idle) d_doc := debian/$(p_doc) d_dbg := debian/$(p_dbg) d_udeb := debian/$(p_udeb) d_venv := debian/$(p_venv) d_lbase := debian/$(p_lbase) d_lmin := debian/$(p_lmin) d_ldev := debian/$(p_ldev) d_ldbg := debian/$(p_ldbg) d_ltst := debian/$(p_ltst) build-arch: stamps/stamp-build build-indep: stamps/stamp-build-doc build: build-arch stamps/stamp-build: stamps/stamp-build-static stamps/stamp-mincheck \ stamps/stamp-build-shared stamps/stamp-build-debug \ stamps/stamp-build-shared-debug \ stamps/stamp-check stamps/stamp-pystone stamps/stamp-pybench touch $@ PROFILE_EXCLUDES = test_compiler test_distutils test_subprocess \ test_multiprocessing test_multiprocessing_fork \ test_multiprocessing_forkserver test_multiprocessing_main_handling \ test_multiprocessing_spawn test_socket test_socketserver \ test_thread test_threaded_import test_threadedtempfile \ test_threading test_threading_local test_threadsignals \ test_concurrent_futures test_ctypes \ test_dbm_dumb test_dbm_ndbm test_pydoc test_sundry \ test_signal test_ioctl test_gdb test_ensurepip test_venv # FIXME: these fail in the profile build PROFILE_EXCLUDES += \ test_cmd_line_script test_zipimport_support # FIXME: update profiled-build.diff to support --next # --next=20 PROFILE_TASK = ../Lib/test/regrtest.py \ -s \ -j 1 -unone,decimal \ -x $(sort $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(PROFILE_EXCLUDES)) stamps/stamp-build-static: stamps/stamp-configure-static dh_testdir $(MAKE) $(NJOBS) -C $(buildd_static) \ EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(EXTRA_OPT_CFLAGS)" \ PROFILE_TASK='$(PROFILE_TASK)' $(make_build_target) : # check that things are correctly built ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE),$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)) ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS), linux)) cd $(buildd_static) && ./python -c 'from _multiprocessing import SemLock' endif cd $(buildd_static) && ./python -c 'import _decimal' endif touch stamps/stamp-build-static run-profile-task: $(MAKE) -C $(buildd_static) \ PROFILE_TASK='$(PROFILE_TASK)' run_profile_task stamps/stamp-build-shared: stamps/stamp-configure-shared dh_testdir $(MAKE) $(NJOBS) -C $(buildd_shared) \ EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(EXTRA_OPT_CFLAGS)" : # build a static library with PIC objects $(MAKE) $(NJOBS) -C $(buildd_shared) \ EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(EXTRA_OPT_CFLAGS)" \ LIBRARY=libpython$(VER)m-pic.a libpython$(VER)m-pic.a touch stamps/stamp-build-shared stamps/stamp-build-debug: stamps/stamp-configure-debug dh_testdir $(MAKE) $(NJOBS) -C $(buildd_debug) \ EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(DEBUG_CFLAGS)" touch stamps/stamp-build-debug stamps/stamp-build-shared-debug: stamps/stamp-configure-shared-debug dh_testdir : # build the shared debug library $(MAKE) $(NJOBS) -C $(buildd_shdebug) \ EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(DEBUG_CFLAGS)" \ libpython$(VER)dm.so pybuilddir.txt touch stamps/stamp-build-shared-debug common_configure_args = \ --prefix=/usr \ --enable-ipv6 \ --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions \ --with-dbmliborder=bdb:gdbm \ --with-computed-gotos \ --without-ensurepip \ --with-system-expat \ --with-system-libmpdec \ ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), avr32 or1k)) common_configure_args += --without-ffi else common_configure_args += --with-system-ffi endif ifeq ($(with_fpectl),yes) common_configure_args += \ --with-fpectl endif ifneq ($(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE),$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)) common_configure_args += --host=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE) --build=$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE) config_site = ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=yes ifeq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH),arm m68k)) ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH_ENDIAN),little) config_site += ac_cv_little_endian_double=yes else config_site += ac_cv_big_endian_double=yes endif endif endif stamps/stamp-configure-shared: stamps/stamp-patch rm -rf $(buildd_shared) mkdir -p $(buildd_shared) cd $(buildd_shared) && \ CC="$(CC)" CXX="$(CXX)" AR="$(AR)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CFLAGS="$(OPT_CFLAGS)" \ CPPFLAGS="$(DPKG_CPPFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(DPKG_LDFLAGS)" \ $(config_site) \ ../configure \ --enable-shared \ $(common_configure_args) $(call __post_configure,$(buildd_shared)) @echo XXXXXXX pyconfig.h -cat $(buildd_shared)/pyconfig.h touch $@ stamps/stamp-configure-static: stamps/stamp-patch rm -rf $(buildd_static) mkdir -p $(buildd_static) cd $(buildd_static) && \ CC="$(CC)" CXX="$(CXX)" AR="$(AR)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CFLAGS="$(OPT_CFLAGS)" \ CPPFLAGS="$(DPKG_CPPFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(DPKG_LDFLAGS)" \ $(config_site) \ ../configure \ $(common_configure_args) $(call __post_configure,$(buildd_static)) touch $@ stamps/stamp-configure-debug: stamps/stamp-patch rm -rf $(buildd_debug) mkdir -p $(buildd_debug) cd $(buildd_debug) && \ CC="$(CC)" CXX="$(CXX)" AR="$(AR)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CFLAGS="$(DEBUG_CFLAGS)" \ CPPFLAGS="$(DPKG_CPPFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(DPKG_LDFLAGS)" \ $(config_site) \ ../configure \ $(common_configure_args) \ --with-pydebug $(call __post_configure,$(buildd_debug)) touch $@ stamps/stamp-configure-shared-debug: stamps/stamp-patch rm -rf $(buildd_shdebug) mkdir -p $(buildd_shdebug) cd $(buildd_shdebug) && \ CC="$(CC)" CXX="$(CXX)" AR="$(AR)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CFLAGS="$(DEBUG_CFLAGS)" \ CPPFLAGS="$(DPKG_CPPFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(DPKG_LDFLAGS)" \ $(config_site) \ ../configure \ $(common_configure_args) \ --enable-shared \ --with-pydebug $(call __post_configure,$(buildd_shdebug)) touch $@ define __post_configure egrep \ "^#($$(awk -v ORS='|' '$$2 ~ /^extension$$/ {print $$1}' debian/PVER-minimal.README.Debian.in)XX)" \ Modules/Setup.dist \ | sed -e 's/^#//' -e 's/-Wl,-Bdynamic//;s/-Wl,-Bstatic//' \ >> $(1)/Modules/Setup.local : # unconditionally run makesetup cd $(1) && \ ../Modules/makesetup -c ../Modules/config.c.in -s Modules \ Modules/Setup.config Modules/Setup.local Modules/Setup mv $(1)/config.c $(1)/Modules/ : # and fix the timestamps $(MAKE) -C $(1) Makefile Modules/config.c : # this second rule doesn't build with -fPIC, remove it. sed '/^Modules\/_math.o: .*PY_CORE_CFLAGS/d' $(1)/Makefile > $(1)/Makefile.fixed touch -r $(1)/Makefile $(1)/Makefile.fixed mv -f $(1)/Makefile.fixed $(1)/Makefile endef stamps/stamp-mincheck: stamps/stamp-build-static debian/PVER-minimal.README.Debian.in ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE),$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)) for m in $(MIN_MODS) $(MIN_PACKAGES) $(MIN_EXTS) $(MIN_BUILTINS); do \ echo "import $$m"; \ done > $(buildd_static)/minmods.py cd $(buildd_static) && ./python ../debian/pymindeps.py minmods.py \ > mindeps.txt -if [ -x /usr/bin/dot ]; then \ cd $(buildd_static) && ./python ../debian/depgraph.py \ < mindeps.txt > mindeps.dot; \ dot -Tpng -o mindeps.png mindeps.dot; \ else true; fi cd $(buildd_static) && ./python ../debian/mincheck.py \ minmods.py mindeps.txt endif touch stamps/stamp-mincheck TEST_DIR := $(shell [ -f debian/testdir ] || mktemp -d > debian/testdir; cat debian/testdir) TEST_RESOURCES = all ifeq ($(on_buildd),yes) TEST_RESOURCES := $(TEST_RESOURCES),-network,-urlfetch endif TESTOPTS = -j 1 -w -u$(TEST_RESOURCES) TEST_EXCLUDES = TEST_EXCLUDES += test_ensurepip test_venv ifeq ($(on_buildd),yes) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_tcl test_codecmaps_cn test_codecmaps_hk \ test_codecmaps_jp test_codecmaps_kr test_codecmaps_tw \ test_normalization test_ossaudiodev endif ifeq (,$(wildcard /dev/dsp)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_linuxaudiodev test_ossaudiodev endif ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), hppa)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_fork1 test_multiprocessing test_socketserver test_threading test_wait3 test_wait4 test_gdb endif # hangs on Aarch64, see LP: #1264354 ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH),arm64)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_faulthandler endif ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), arm avr32)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_ctypes endif TEST_EXCLUDES += test_socket ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), arm armel avr32 m68k)) ifeq ($(on_buildd),yes) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_compiler endif endif # https://buildd.debian.org/status/logs.php?pkg=python3.5&ver=3.5.1-1&arch=alpha&suite=sid ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), alpha)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_signal endif ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), sparc sparc64)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_gdb endif # FIXME: re-enable once fixed, see #708652 ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS), hurd)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_asyncore test_curses test_exceptions \ test_faulthandler test_imaplib test_io test_logging test_mmap \ test_random test_signal test_socket test_socketserver test_ssl \ test_threading test_pydoc test_runpy test_telnetlib test_tk endif # FIXME: re-enable once fixed, see #708653 ifneq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS), kfreebsd)) TEST_EXCLUDES += test_io test_signal test_socket test_socketserver \ test_threading test_threadsignals test_threaded_import \ test_time test_pty test_curses endif # for debug builds only TEST_EXCLUDES += test_gdb ifneq (,$(TEST_EXCLUDES)) TESTOPTS += -x $(sort $(TEST_EXCLUDES)) endif ifneq (,$(wildcard /usr/bin/localedef)) SET_LOCPATH = LOCPATH=$(CURDIR)/locales endif stamps/stamp-check: ifeq ($(WITHOUT_CHECK),yes) echo "check run disabled for this build" > $(buildd_static)/test_results else : # build locales needed by the testsuite rm -rf locales mkdir locales if which localedef >/dev/null 2>&1; then \ sh debian/locale-gen; \ fi @echo ========== test environment ============ @env @echo ======================================== ifeq (,$(findstring $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), alpha)) ( \ echo '#! /bin/sh'; \ echo 'set -x'; \ echo 'export $(SET_LOCPATH)'; \ echo '$(buildd_static)/python $(CURDIR)/debian/script.py test_results '\''make test TESTOPTS="$(filter-out test_gdb,$(TESTOPTS))"'\'; \ echo 'echo DONE'; \ ) > $(buildd_debug)/run_tests chmod 755 $(buildd_debug)/run_tests @echo "BEGIN test debug" mkdir -p $(TEST_DIR)/debug/.local/lib/$(PVER)/site-packages -cd $(buildd_debug) && HOME=$(TEST_DIR)/debug time xvfb-run -a -e xvfb-run.log ./run_tests find $(TEST_DIR)/debug rm -rf $(TEST_DIR)/debug @echo "END test debug" endif ( \ echo '#! /bin/sh'; \ echo 'set -x'; \ echo 'export $(SET_LOCPATH)'; \ echo '$(buildd_static)/python $(CURDIR)/debian/script.py test_results '\''make test EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(EXTRA_OPT_CFLAGS)" TESTOPTS="$(TESTOPTS)"'\'; \ echo 'echo DONE'; \ ) > $(buildd_static)/run_tests chmod 755 $(buildd_static)/run_tests @echo "BEGIN test static" mkdir -p $(TEST_DIR)/static/.local/lib/$(PVER)/site-packages -cd $(buildd_static) && HOME=$(TEST_DIR)/static time xvfb-run -a -e xvfb-run.log ./run_tests find $(TEST_DIR)/static rm -rf $(TEST_DIR)/static @echo "END test static" ( \ echo '#! /bin/sh'; \ echo 'set -x'; \ echo 'export $(SET_LOCPATH)'; \ echo '$(buildd_static)/python $(CURDIR)/debian/script.py test_results '\''make test EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(EXTRA_OPT_CFLAGS)" TESTOPTS="$(TESTOPTS)"'\'; \ echo 'echo DONE'; \ ) > $(buildd_shared)/run_tests chmod 755 $(buildd_shared)/run_tests @echo "BEGIN test shared" mkdir -p $(TEST_DIR)/shared/.local/lib/$(PVER)/site-packages -cd $(buildd_shared) && HOME=$(TEST_DIR)/shared time xvfb-run -a -e xvfb-run.log ./run_tests find $(TEST_DIR)/shared rm -rf $(TEST_DIR)/shared @echo "END test shared" endif cp -p $(buildd_static)/test_results debian/ touch stamps/stamp-check stamps/stamp-pystone: ifeq ($(WITHOUT_STONE),yes) @echo "pystone run disabled for this build" else @echo "BEGIN pystone static" cd $(buildd_static) && ./python ../Lib/test/pystone.py cd $(buildd_static) && ./python ../Lib/test/pystone.py @echo "END pystone static" @echo "BEGIN pystone shared" cd $(buildd_shared) \ && LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./python ../Lib/test/pystone.py cd $(buildd_shared) \ && LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./python ../Lib/test/pystone.py @echo "END pystone shared" @echo "BEGIN pystone debug" cd $(buildd_debug) && ./python ../Lib/test/pystone.py cd $(buildd_debug) && ./python ../Lib/test/pystone.py @echo "END pystone debug" endif touch stamps/stamp-pystone stamps/stamp-pybench: echo "pybench run disabled for this build" > $(buildd_static)/pybench.log #ifeq (,$(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH), arm armel avr32 hppa mips mipsel mips64 mips64el m68k)) pybench_options = -C 2 -n 5 -w 4 #endif stamps/stamp-pybenchx: ifeq ($(WITHOUT_BENCH),yes) echo "pybench run disabled for this build" > $(buildd_static)/pybench.log else @echo "BEGIN pybench static" cd $(buildd_static) \ && time ./python ../Tools/pybench/pybench.py -f run1.pybench $(pybench_options) cd $(buildd_static) \ && ./python ../Tools/pybench/pybench.py -f run2.pybench -c run1.pybench $(pybench_options) @echo "END pybench static" @echo "BEGIN pybench shared" cd $(buildd_shared) \ && LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./python ../Tools/pybench/pybench.py -f run1.pybench $(pybench_options) cd $(buildd_shared) \ && LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./python ../Tools/pybench/pybench.py -f run2.pybench -c run1.pybench $(pybench_options) @echo "END pybench shared" @echo "BEGIN shared/static comparision" $(buildd_static)/python Tools/pybench/pybench.py \ -s $(buildd_static)/run2.pybench -c $(buildd_shared)/run2.pybench \ | tee $(buildd_static)/pybench.log @echo "END shared/static comparision" endif touch stamps/stamp-pybench minimal-test: rm -rf mintest mkdir -p mintest/lib mintest/dynlib mintest/testlib mintest/all-lib cp -p $(buildd_static)/python mintest/ cp -p $(foreach i,$(MIN_MODS),Lib/$(i).py) \ mintest/lib/ cp -a $(foreach i,$(MIN_PACKAGES),Lib/$(i)) \ mintest/lib/ cp -p $(wildcard $(foreach i,$(MIN_EXTS),$(buildd_static)/build/lib*/$(i).*.so)) \ mintest/dynlib/ cp -p Lib/unittest.py mintest/lib/ cp -pr Lib/test mintest/lib/ cp -pr Lib mintest/all-lib cp -p $(buildd_static)/build/lib*/*.so mintest/all-lib/ ( \ echo "import sys"; \ echo "sys.path = ["; \ echo " '$(CURDIR)/mintest/lib',"; \ echo " '$(CURDIR)/mintest/dynlib',"; \ echo "]"; \ cat Lib/test/regrtest.py; \ ) > mintest/lib/test/mintest.py cd mintest && ./python -E -S lib/test/mintest.py \ -x test_codecencodings_cn test_codecencodings_hk \ test_codecencodings_jp test_codecencodings_kr \ test_codecencodings_tw test_codecs test_multibytecodec \ stamps/stamp-doc-html: dh_testdir $(MAKE) -C Doc html @mkdir -p stamps touch stamps/stamp-doc-html build-doc: stamps/stamp-patch stamps/stamp-build-doc stamps/stamp-build-doc: stamps/stamp-doc-html @mkdir -p stamps touch stamps/stamp-build-doc control-file: sed -e "s/@PVER@/$(PVER)/g" \ -e "s/@VER@/$(VER)/g" \ -e "s/@PYSTDDEP@/$(PYSTDDEP)/g" \ -e "s/@PRIO@/$(PY_PRIO)/g" \ -e "s/@MINPRIO@/$(PY_MINPRIO)/g" \ -e "s/@bd_qual@/$(bd_qual)/g" \ -e "s/@bd_gcc@/$(bd_gcc)/g" \ -e "s/@bd_dpkgdev@/$(bd_dpkgdev)/g" \ debian/control.in \ $(if $(with_udeb),debian/control.udeb) \ | $(ma_filter) \ > debian/control.tmp ifeq ($(distribution),Ubuntu) ifneq (,$(findstring ubuntu, $(PKGVERSION))) m='Ubuntu Core Developers '; \ sed -i "/^Maintainer:/s/\(.*\)/Maintainer: $$m\nXSBC-Original-\1/" \ debian/control.tmp endif endif [ -e debian/control ] \ && cmp -s debian/control debian/control.tmp \ && rm -f debian/control.tmp && exit 0; \ mv debian/control.tmp debian/control clean: control-file dh_testdir dh_testroot rm -rf stamps rm -f debian/test_results $(MAKE) -C Doc clean sed 's/^@/#/' Makefile.pre.in | $(MAKE) -f - srcdir=. distclean rm -rf $(buildd_static) $(buildd_shared) $(buildd_debug) $(buildd_shdebug) find -name '*.py[co]' | xargs -r rm -f rm -f Lib/lib2to3/*.pickle rm -f Lib/dist-packages rm -rf Lib/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) rm -rf locales rm -rf $(d)-dbg rm -f configure rm -rf $(TEST_DIR) debian/testdir for f in debian/*.in; do \ f2=`echo $$f | sed "s,PVER,$(PVER),g;s/@VER@/$(VER)/g;s,\.in$$,,"`; \ if [ $$f2 != debian/control ] && [ $$f2 != debian/source.lintian-overrides ]; then \ rm -f $$f2; \ fi; \ done dh_clean stamps/stamp-control: : # We have to prepare the various control files for f in debian/*.in; do \ f2=`echo $$f | sed "s,PVER,$(PVER),g;s/@VER@/$(VER)/g;s,\.in$$,,"`; \ if [ $$f2 != debian/control ]; then \ sed -e "s/@PVER@/$(PVER)/g;s/@VER@/$(VER)/g;s/@SVER@/$(SVER)/g" \ -e "s/@PRIORITY@/$(PRIORITY)/g" \ -e "s,@SCRIPTDIR@,/$(scriptdir),g" \ -e "s,@INFO@,$(info_docs),g" \ -e "s,@HOST_QUAL@,:$(DEB_HOST_ARCH),g" \ <$$f >$$f2; \ fi; \ done 2to3-man: help2man --no-info --version-string=$(VER) --no-discard-stderr \ --name 'Python2 to Python3 converter' \ 2to3-$(VER) > debian/2to3-3.1 help2man --no-info --version-string=$(VER) --no-discard-stderr \ --name 'pysetup tool' \ pysetup$(VER) > debian/pysetup3.1 help2man --no-info --version-string=$(VER) --no-discard-stderr \ --name 'create virtual python environments' \ pyvenv-$(VER) > debian/pyvenv3.1 install: build-arch stamps/stamp-install stamps/stamp-install: stamps/stamp-build control-file stamps/stamp-control dh_testdir dh_testroot dh_prep dh_installdirs : # make install into tmp and subsequently move the files into : # their packages' directories. install -d $(d)/usr ifeq ($(with_interp),static) $(MAKE) -C $(buildd_static) install DESTDIR=$(CURDIR)/$(d) sed -e '/^OPT/s,-O3,-O2,' \ -e 's/$(LTO_CFLAGS)//g' \ -e 's,^RUNSHARED *=.*,RUNSHARED=,' \ -e '/BLDLIBRARY/s/-L\. //' \ $(buildd_shared)/$(shell cat $(buildd_shared)/pybuilddir.txt)/_sysconfigdata.py \ > $(d)/$(scriptdir)/_sysconfigdata.py else $(MAKE) -C $(buildd_shared) install DESTDIR=$(CURDIR)/$(d) endif mkdir -p $(d)/usr/include/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/$(PVER)m mv $(d)/usr/include/$(PVER)m/pyconfig.h \ $(d)/usr/include/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/$(PVER)m/. rm -f $(d)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/*.py sed -i 's/ -O3 / -O2 /g;s/$(LTO_CFLAGS)//g;s/-fprofile-use *-fprofile-correction//g' \ $(d)/$(scriptdir)/_sysconfigdata.py mkdir -p $(d)/$(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) mv $(d)/$(scriptdir)/_sysconfigdata.py \ $(d)/$(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/_sysconfigdata_m.py cp -p debian/_sysconfigdata.py $(d)/$(scriptdir)/ : # work around issue 24226 sed -i 's/^\(def[^:]*:\) *\(.*\)/\1\n \2/' \ $(d)/$(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/IN.py -find $(d)/usr/lib/python$(VER) -name '*_failed*.so' find $(d)/usr/lib/python$(VER) -name '*_failed*.so' | xargs -r rm -f for i in $(d)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/*.so; do \ case "$$i" in *$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)*) continue; esac; \ b=$$(basename $$i .cpython-$(EXT_VER)m.so); \ d=$${b}.cpython-$(EXT_VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH).so; \ mv $$i $(d)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/$$d; \ done mv $(d)/usr/lib/libpython*.a $(d)/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/ mkdir -p $(d)/usr/lib/python3 mv $(d)/usr/lib/python$(VER)/site-packages \ $(d)/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages rm -f $(d)/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/README : # remove files, which are not packaged rm -rf $(d)/usr/lib/python$(VER)/ctypes/macholib rm -f $(d)/$(scriptdir)/plat-*/regen rm -f $(d)/$(scriptdir)/lib2to3/*.pickle rm -f $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/python3.1 if [ -d $(d)/$(scriptdir)/ensurepip/_bundled ]; then \ echo "don't ship the prebuilt ensurepip/_bundled wheels."; \ rm -rf $(d)/$(scriptdir)/ensurepip/_bundled; \ fi : # cannot build it, zlib maintainer won't provide a mingw build find $(d) -name 'wininst*.exe' | xargs -r rm -f : # fix some file permissions chmod a-x $(d)/$(scriptdir)/{runpy,fractions,lib2to3/refactor,tkinter/tix}.py chmod a-x $(d)/$(scriptdir)/test/test_pathlib.py # : # move manpages to new names # if [ -d $(d)/usr/man/man1 ]; then \ # mkdir -p $(d)/usr/share/man # mv $(d)/usr/man/man1/* $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/; \ # rm -rf $(d)/usr/man/; \ # fi mkdir -p $(d)/usr/share/man/man1 cp -p Misc/python.man $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/python$(VER).1 ln -sf python$(VER).1 $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/python$(VER)m.1 cp -p debian/pydoc.1 $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/pydoc$(VER).1 : # Symlinks to /usr/bin for some tools ln -sf ../lib/python$(VER)/pdb.py $(d)/usr/bin/pdb$(VER) cp -p debian/pdb.1 $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/pdb$(VER).1 cp -p debian/2to3-3.1 $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/2to3-$(VER).1 cp -p debian/pysetup3.1 $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/pysetup$(VER).1 cp -p debian/pyvenv3.1 $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/pyvenv-$(VER).1 : # versioned install only rm -f $(d)/usr/bin/{2to3,idle3,pydoc3,pysetup3,python3,python3-config} rm -f $(d)/usr/lib/*/pkgconfig/python3.pc dh_installdirs -p$(p_lib) \ usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) \ $(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) \ usr/share/doc : # install the shared library cp -p $(buildd_shared)/libpython$(VER)m.so.1.0 \ $(d_lib)/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/ dh_link -p$(p_lib) \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.so.1.0 \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.so.1 \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.so.1 \ /$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.so \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.so.1 \ /$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER).so ln -sf $(p_base) $(d_lib)/usr/share/doc/$(p_lib) ln -sf libpython$(VER)m.so.1 $(d)/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.so ifeq ($(with_interp),shared) : # install the statically linked runtime install -m755 $(buildd_static)/python $(d)/usr/bin/python$(VER)-static endif cp -p Tools/i18n/pygettext.py $(d)/usr/bin/pygettext$(VER) cp -p debian/pygettext.1 $(d)/usr/share/man/man1/pygettext$(VER).1 : # install the Makefile of the shared python build sed -e '/^OPT/s,-O3,-O2,' \ -e 's/$(LTO_CFLAGS)//g' \ -e 's,^RUNSHARED *=.*,RUNSHARED=,' \ -e '/BLDLIBRARY/s/-L\. //' \ $(buildd_shared)/Makefile \ > $(d)/$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/Makefile : # Move the minimal libraries into $(p_lmin). dh_installdirs -p$(p_lmin) \ etc/$(PVER) \ usr/bin \ usr/share/man/man1 \ $(scriptdir)/lib-dynload -cd $(d); for i in $(MIN_EXTS); do \ test -e $(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/$$i.*.so \ && echo $(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/$$i.*.so; \ done $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_lmin) --sourcedir=$(d) \ $(foreach i,$(MIN_MODS),$(scriptdir)/$(i).py) \ $(foreach i,$(MIN_PACKAGES),$(scriptdir)/$(i)) \ $(foreach i,$(MIN_ENCODINGS),$(scriptdir)/$(i)) \ $(scriptdir)/site.py \ $(scriptdir)/_sysconfigdata.py \ $(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/_sysconfigdata_m.py \ `cd $(d); for i in $(MIN_EXTS); do \ test -e $(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/$$i.*.so \ && echo $(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/$$i.*.so; \ done` ls -l $(d_lmin)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/*.so : # Move the binary into $(p_min). dh_installdirs -p$(p_min) \ usr/bin \ usr/share/man/man1 $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_min) --sourcedir=$(d) \ usr/bin/python$(VER) \ usr/bin/python$(VER)m \ usr/share/man/man1/python$(VER).1 \ usr/share/man/man1/python$(VER)m.1 rv=0; \ for i in $(MIN_EXTS); do \ if [ -f $(d)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/$$i.so ]; then \ echo >&2 "extension $$i not mentioned in Setup.dist"; \ rv=1; \ fi; \ done; \ exit $$rv; : # Install sitecustomize.py cp -p debian/sitecustomize.py $(d_lmin)/etc/$(PVER)/ dh_link -p$(p_lmin) \ /etc/$(PVER)/sitecustomize.py /$(scriptdir)/sitecustomize.py : # Move the static library and the header files into $(p_dev). # mv $(d)/usr/share/include/python$(VER)/* $(d)/usr/include/python$(VER)/. # rm -rf $(d)/usr/share/include cp $(d)/usr/bin/$(PVER)m-config $(d)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config $(d)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config dh_installdirs -p$(p_ldev) \ usr/bin \ $(scriptdir) \ usr/include \ usr/share/man/man1 $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_ldev) --sourcedir=$(d) \ usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)*-config \ usr/lib/python$(VER)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) \ usr/include \ usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.{a,so} \ usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/pkgconfig/python-$(VER)*.pc \ usr/lib/python$(VER)/distutils/command/wininst-*.exe sed 's/@subdir@/$(PVER)m/;s/@header@/pyconfig.h/' \ debian/multiarch.h.in > $(d_ldev)/usr/include/$(PVER)m/pyconfig.h sed -i \ -e '/^Cflags:/s,$$, -I$${includedir}/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/python$(VER)m,' \ -e '/^libdir=/d;s/-L\$${libdir} *//' \ $(d_ldev)/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/pkgconfig/python-$(VER).pc dh_link -p$(p_ldev) \ /usr/lib/$(PVER)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.a \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)m.a cp -p $(buildd_shared)/libpython$(VER)m-pic.a \ $(d_ldev)/usr/lib/python$(VER)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/ : # symlinks for the "old" include directory name ln -sf python$(VER)m $(d_ldev)/usr/include/python$(VER) dh_installdirs -p$(p_dev) \ usr/share/doc/python$(VER) \ usr/share/man/man1 \ $(scriptdir) \ $(scriptdir)/doc/html cp -p Misc/HISTORY Misc/README.valgrind Misc/gdbinit \ debian/README.maintainers \ debian/test_results $(buildd_static)/pybench.log \ $(d_dev)/usr/share/doc/python$(VER)/ $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_dev) --sourcedir=$(d) \ usr/bin/python$(VER)*-config : # in $(p_ldev), prefix python-config with triplets cp -p debian/python3-config.1 \ $(d_ldev)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config.1 ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config.1.gz \ $(d_ldev)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config.1.gz ifneq ($(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH),$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)) ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config \ $(d_ldev)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)m-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config \ $(d_ldev)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config.1.gz \ $(d_ldev)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)-config.1.gz ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config.1.gz \ $(d_ldev)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)m-config.1.gz endif ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config $(d_dev)/usr/bin/$(PVER)m-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config.1.gz $(d_dev)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)m-config.1.gz ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config $(d_dev)/usr/bin/$(PVER)-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config.1.gz $(d_dev)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)-config.1.gz ifeq ($(with_tk),yes) : # Move the Tkinter files into $(p_tk). dh_installdirs -p$(p_tk) \ $(scriptdir) \ usr/lib/python$(VER)/lib-dynload $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_tk) --sourcedir=$(d) \ usr/lib/python$(VER)/lib-dynload/_tkinter*.so endif : # The test framework into $(p_lbase) $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_lbase) --sourcedir=$(d) \ $(scriptdir)/test/{regrtest.py,support,__init__.py,pystone.py} : # The complete testsuite into $(p_lbase) $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_ltst) --sourcedir=$(d) \ $(scriptdir)/test \ $(scriptdir)/ctypes/test \ $(scriptdir)/distutils/tests \ $(scriptdir)/lib2to3/tests \ $(scriptdir)/sqlite3/test \ $(scriptdir)/idlelib/idle_test \ $(scriptdir)/tkinter/test \ $(scriptdir)/unittest/test : # test_ctypes fails with test_macholib.py installed rm -f $(d_ltst)/$(scriptdir)/ctypes/test/test_macholib.py : # test_bdist_wininst fails, '*.exe' files are not installed rm -f $(d_ltst)/$(scriptdir)/distutils/tests/test_bdist_wininst.py : # fixed upstream ... chmod -x $(d_ltst)/$(scriptdir)/test/{test_dbm_gnu,test_dbm_ndbm}.py : # Move the demos and tools into $(p_exam)'s doc directory dh_installdirs -p$(p_exam) \ usr/share/doc/python$(VER)/examples $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_exam) --sourcedir=$(d) \ $(scriptdir)/turtledemo cp -rp Tools/* $(d_exam)/usr/share/doc/python$(VER)/examples/ rm -rf $(d_exam)/usr/share/doc/python$(VER)/examples/Tools/{buildbot,msi} : # XXX: We don't need rgb.txt, we'll use our own: rm -rf $(d_exam)/usr/share/doc/python$(VER)/examples/Tools/pynche/X : # IDLE mv $(d)/usr/bin/idle$(VER) $(d)/usr/bin/idle-python$(VER) rm -f $(d)/usr/lib/python$(VER)/idlelib/idle.bat dh_installdirs -p$(p_idle) \ usr/bin \ usr/share/man/man1 $(dh_compat2) dh_movefiles -p$(p_idle) --sourcedir=$(d) \ usr/bin/idle-python$(VER) cp -p debian/idle-$(PVER).1 $(d_idle)/usr/share/man/man1/ : # Replace all '#!' calls to python with $(PY_INTERPRETER) : # and make them executable for i in `find debian -mindepth 3 -type f ! -name '*.dpatch'`; do \ sed '1s,#!.*python[^ ]*\(.*\),#! $(PY_INTERPRETER)\1,' \ $$i > $$i.temp; \ if cmp --quiet $$i $$i.temp; then \ rm -f $$i.temp; \ else \ mv -f $$i.temp $$i; \ chmod 755 $$i; \ echo "fixed interpreter: $$i"; \ fi; \ done : # Move the docs into $(p_base)'s /usr/share/doc/$(PVER) directory, : # all other packages only have a copyright file. dh_installdocs -p$(p_base) \ README Misc/NEWS Misc/ACKS ln -sf NEWS.gz $(d_base)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/changelog.gz dh_installdocs --all -N$(p_base) -N$(p_dev) -N$(p_dbg) -N$(p_lib) debian/README.Debian : # IDLE has its own changelogs, docs... dh_installchangelogs -p$(p_idle) Lib/idlelib/ChangeLog dh_installdocs -p$(p_idle) Lib/idlelib/{NEWS,README,TODO,extend}.txt mkdir -p $(d_idle)/usr/share/applications cp -p debian/idle.desktop \ $(d_idle)/usr/share/applications/idle-$(PVER).desktop : # those packages have own README.Debian's install -m 644 -p debian/README.$(p_base) \ $(d_base)/usr/share/doc/$(PVER)/README.Debian install -m 644 -p debian/README.$(p_idle) \ $(d_idle)/usr/share/doc/$(p_idle)/README.Debian ifeq ($(with_tk),yes) cp -p debian/README.Tk $(d_tk)/usr/share/doc/$(p_tk)/ endif : # pyvenv and ensurepip files into $(p_venv) dh_installdirs -p$(p_venv) \ usr/bin \ usr/share/man/man1 \ usr/lib/python$(VER) dh_movefiles -p$(p_venv) \ usr/bin/pyvenv-$(VER) \ usr/share/man/man1/pyvenv-$(VER).1 \ usr/lib/python$(VER)/ensurepip : # library files into $(p_lbase) dh_installdirs -p$(p_lbase) \ usr/lib dh_movefiles -p$(p_lbase) \ usr/lib/python$(VER) : # The rest goes into $(p_base) mkdir -p $(d)/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (cd $(d) && tar cf - .) | (cd $(d_base) && tar xpf -) rm -f $(d_base)/usr/bin/python rm -f $(d_base)/usr/bin/pyvenv : # Install menu icon dh_installdirs -p$(p_base) usr/share/pixmaps cp -p debian/pylogo.xpm $(d_base)/usr/share/pixmaps/$(PVER).xpm : # generate binfmt file mkdir -p $(d_min)/usr/share/binfmts ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE),$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)) $(buildd_static)/python debian/mkbinfmt.py $(PVER) \ > $(d_min)/usr/share/binfmts/$(PVER) else $(PVER) debian/mkbinfmt.py $(PVER) > $(d_min)/usr/share/binfmts/$(PVER) endif : # desktop entry mkdir -p $(d_base)/usr/share/applications cp -p debian/$(PVER).desktop \ $(d_base)/usr/share/applications/$(PVER).desktop : # remove some things -find debian -name .cvsignore | xargs rm -f -find debian -name '*.py[co]' | xargs rm -f : # remove empty directories, when all components are in place -find debian ! -name lib-dynload ! -name dist-packages -type d -empty -delete : # install debug package rm -rf $(d)-dbg $(MAKE) -C $(buildd_debug) install DESTDIR=$(CURDIR)/$(d)-dbg : # install the Makefile of the shared python debug build sed -e '/^OPT/s,-O3,-O2,' \ -e 's/$(LTO_CFLAGS)//g' \ -e 's,^RUNSHARED *=.*,RUNSHARED=,' \ -e '/BLDLIBRARY/s/-L\. //' \ $(buildd_shdebug)/Makefile \ > $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)dm-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/Makefile sed -e 's,^RUNSHARED *=.*,RUNSHARED=,' \ -e '/BLDLIBRARY/s/-L\. //' \ $(buildd_shdebug)/$(shell cat $(buildd_shdebug)/pybuilddir.txt)/_sysconfigdata.py \ > $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/_sysconfigdata.py rm -f $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/_sysconfigdata.py sed -i 's/ -O3 / -O2 /g;s/$(LTO_CFLAGS)//g;s/-fprofile-use *-fprofile-correction//g' \ $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/_sysconfigdata.py mv $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/_sysconfigdata.py \ $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/_sysconfigdata_dm.py mv $(d)-dbg/usr/lib/libpython*.a $(d)-dbg/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/ for i in $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/*.so; do \ case "$$i" in *$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)*) continue; esac; \ b=$$(basename $$i .cpython-$(EXT_VER)dm.so); \ d=$${b}.cpython-$(EXT_VER)dm-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH).so; \ mv $$i $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/$$d; \ done dh_installdirs -p$(p_ldbg) \ usr/bin \ usr/share/man/man1 \ $(scriptdir)/lib-dynload \ $(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) \ usr/include/$(PVER)dm \ usr/include/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/$(PVER)dm \ usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/pkgconfig cp -p $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/*.so \ $(d_ldbg)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/ cp -p $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/_sysconfigdata_dm.py \ $(d_ldbg)/$(scriptdir)/plat-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/ cp -p $(buildd_shdebug)/libpython$(VER)dm.so.1.0 \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/ dh_link -p$(p_ldbg) \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.so.1.0 \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.so.1 \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.so.1 \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.so sed -e '/^Libs:/s,-lpython$(VER),-lpython$(VER)dm,' \ -e '/^Cflags:/s,$$, -I$${includedir}/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/python$(VER)dm,' \ -e '/^libdir=/d;s/-L\$${libdir} *//' \ $(d)-dbg/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/pkgconfig/python-$(VER).pc \ > $(d_ldbg)/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/pkgconfig/python-$(VER)-dbg.pc dh_installdirs -p$(p_dbg) \ usr/bin \ usr/share/man/man1 \ usr/share/doc/$(p_base) cp -p Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt $(d_dbg)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/ cp -p debian/$(PVER)-dbg.README.Debian \ $(d_dbg)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/README.debug cp -p $(buildd_debug)/python $(d_dbg)/usr/bin/$(PVER)dm ln -sf python$(VER)dm $(d_dbg)/usr/bin/$(PVER)-dbg ifneq ($(with_tk),yes) rm -f $(d_ldbg)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/_tkinter*.so rm -f $(d_ldbg)/usr/lib/debug/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/_tkinter*.so endif ifneq ($(with_gdbm),yes) rm -f $(d_ldbg)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/_gdbm*.so rm -f $(d_ldbg)/usr/lib/debug/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/_gdbm*.so endif cp -a $(d)-dbg/$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)dm-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) \ $(d_ldbg)/$(scriptdir)/ dh_link -p$(p_ldbg) \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.so \ /$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)dm-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.so \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.so \ /$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)dm-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER).so \ /$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)dm-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.a \ /usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/libpython$(VER)dm.a for i in $(d_ldev)/usr/include/$(PVER)m/*; do \ i=$$(basename $$i); \ case $$i in pyconfig.h) continue; esac; \ ln -sf ../$(PVER)m/$$i $(d_ldbg)/usr/include/$(PVER)dm/$$i; \ done cp -p $(buildd_debug)/pyconfig.h $(d_ldbg)/usr/include/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/$(PVER)dm/ sed 's/@subdir@/$(PVER)dm/;s/@header@/pyconfig.h/' \ debian/multiarch.h.in > $(d_ldbg)/usr/include/$(PVER)dm/pyconfig.h ln -sf $(PVER).1.gz $(d_dbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)-dbg.1.gz : # in $(p_ldbg), prefix python-config with triplets cp $(d)-dbg/usr/bin/$(PVER)dm-config \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-dbg-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config.1.gz \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config.1.gz ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)m-config.1.gz \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-dbg-config.1.gz ifneq ($(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH),$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)) ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)dm-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-config.1.gz \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)dm-config.1.gz ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/bin/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)-dbg-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config.1.gz \ $(d_ldbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-$(PVER)-dbg-config.1.gz endif ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config $(d_dbg)/usr/bin/$(PVER)dm-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)dm-config.1.gz $(d_dbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)dm-config.1.gz ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-dbg-config $(d_dbg)/usr/bin/$(PVER)-dbg-config ln -sf $(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)-$(PVER)-dbg-config.1.gz $(d_dbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)-dbg-config.1.gz : # symlinks for the "old" include / config directory names ln -sf $(PVER)-config.1.gz $(d_dbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)-dbg-config.1.gz ln -sf $(PVER).1.gz $(d_dbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)dm.1.gz ln -sf $(PVER)-config.1.gz $(d_dbg)/usr/share/man/man1/$(PVER)dm-config.1.gz ifeq ($(with_udeb),yes) : # Copy the most important files from $(p_min) into $(p_udeb). dh_installdirs -p$(p_udeb) \ etc/$(PVER) \ usr/bin \ usr/include/$(PVER)mu \ $(scriptdir)/lib-dynload \ $(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) cp -p $(d_min)/usr/bin/python$(VER) $(d_udeb)/usr/bin/ ln -sf python$(VER)mu $(d_udeb)/usr/bin/python$(VER) ln -sf python$(VER) $(d_udeb)/usr/bin/python3 cp -p $(foreach i,$(MIN_MODS),$(d_min)/$(scriptdir)/$(i).py) \ $(d_udeb)/$(scriptdir)/ cp -a $(foreach i,$(MIN_PACKAGES),$(d_min)/$(scriptdir)/$(i)) \ $(d_udeb)/$(scriptdir)/ cp -p $(foreach i,$(MIN_ENCODINGS),$(d_min)/$(scriptdir)/$(i)) \ $(d_udeb)/$(scriptdir)/ cp -p $(d_min)/$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/Makefile \ $(d_udeb)/$(scriptdir)/config-$(VER)m-$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/ cp -p $(d_min)/usr/include/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/$(PVER)m/pyconfig.h \ $(d_udeb)/usr/include/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/$(PVER)m/ cp -p $(d_min)/$(scriptdir)/site.py $(d_udeb)/$(scriptdir)/ cp -p debian/sitecustomize.py $(d_udeb)/etc/$(PVER)/ dh_link -p$(p_udeb) /etc/$(PVER)/sitecustomize.py \ /$(scriptdir)/sitecustomize.py endif for i in debian/*.overrides; do \ b=$$(basename $$i .overrides); \ install -D -m 644 $$i debian/$$b/usr/share/lintian/overrides/$$b; \ done touch stamps/stamp-install # Build architecture-independent files here. binary-indep: build-indep install stamps/stamp-control dh_testdir -i dh_testroot -i : # $(p_doc) package dh_installdirs -p$(p_doc) \ usr/share/doc/$(p_base) \ usr/share/doc/$(p_doc) dh_installdocs -p$(p_doc) cp -a Doc/build/html $(d_doc)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/ rm -f $(d_doc)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html/_static/jquery.js dh_link -p$(p_doc) \ /usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html /usr/share/doc/$(p_doc)/html \ /usr/share/javascript/jquery/jquery.js /usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html/_static/jquery.js \ /usr/share/javascript/underscore/underscore.js /usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html/_static/underscore.js : # devhelp docs cd $(buildd_static) && ./python ../debian/pyhtml2devhelp.py \ ../$(d_doc)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html index.html $(VER) \ > ../$(d_doc)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html/$(PVER).devhelp gzip -9nv $(d_doc)/usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html/$(PVER).devhelp dh_link -p$(p_doc) \ /usr/share/doc/$(p_base)/html /usr/share/devhelp/books/$(PVER) for i in $(p_ltst); do \ rm -rf debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ ln -s $(p_base) debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ done dh_installdebconf -i $(dh_args) dh_installexamples -i $(dh_args) -dh_icons -i $(dh_args) || dh_iconcache -i $(dh_args) dh_installchangelogs -i $(dh_args) dh_link -i $(dh_args) dh_compress -i $(dh_args) -X.py -X.cls -X.css -X.txt -X.json -X.js -Xobjects.inv -Xgdbinit dh_fixperms -i $(dh_args) : # make python scripts starting with '#!' executable for i in `find debian -mindepth 3 -type f ! -name '*.dpatch' ! -perm 755`; do \ if head -1 $$i | grep -q '^#!'; then \ chmod 755 $$i; \ echo "make executable: $$i"; \ fi; \ done -find $(d_doc) -name '*.txt' -perm 755 -exec chmod 644 {} \; dh_installdeb -i $(dh_args) dh_gencontrol -i $(dh_args) dh_md5sums -i $(dh_args) dh_builddeb -i $(dh_args) # Build architecture-dependent files here. binary-arch: build-arch install dh_testdir -a dh_testroot -a # dh_installdebconf -a dh_installexamples -a dh_installmenu -a -dh_icons -a || dh_iconcache -a # dh_installmime -a dh_installchangelogs -a for i in $(p_dev) $(p_dbg) $(p_venv); do \ rm -rf debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ ln -s $(p_base) debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ done for i in $(p_lbase); do \ rm -rf debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ ln -s $(p_lmin) debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ done for i in $(p_ldev) $(p_ldbg) $(p_lib); do \ rm -rf debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ ln -s $(p_lbase) debian/$$i/usr/share/doc/$$i; \ done -find debian ! -perm -200 -print -exec chmod +w {} \; ifneq ($(with_tk),yes) rm -f $(d_lbase)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/_tkinter*.so endif ifneq ($(with_gdbm),yes) rm -f $(d_lbase)/$(scriptdir)/lib-dynload/_gdbm*.so endif find $(d_ldbg) $(d_ldev) -name '*.a' ! -type l \ | xargs -n 1 $(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-objcopy -p --remove-section=.gnu.lto_.* dh_strip -a -N$(p_dbg) -N$(p_ldbg) -Xdebug -Xdbg --dbg-package=$(p_dbg) mkdir -p $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/bin cp Tools/gdb/libpython.py $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/bin/$(PVER)m-gdb.py ln -sf $(PVER)m-gdb.py $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/bin/$(PVER)-gdb.py ln -sf $(PVER)m-gdb.py $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/bin/$(PVER)dm-gdb.py ln -sf $(PVER)m-gdb.py $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/bin/$(PVER)-dbg-gdb.py mkdir -p $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) ln -sf ../../bin/$(PVER)m-gdb.py \ $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/lib$(PVER)m.so.1.0-gdb.py ln -sf ../../bin/$(PVER)m-gdb.py \ $(d_dbg)/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/lib$(PVER)dm.so.1.0-gdb.py dh_link -a dh_compress -a -X.py dh_fixperms -a chmod 644 $(d_lmin)/$(scriptdir)/token.py : # make python scripts starting with '#!' executable for i in `find debian -mindepth 3 -type f ! -name '*.dpatch' ! -perm 755`; do \ if head -1 $$i | grep -q '^#!'; then \ chmod 755 $$i; \ echo "make executable: $$i"; \ fi; \ done dh_makeshlibs -p$(p_lib) -V '$(p_lib)' dh_makeshlibs -p$(p_ldbg) -V '$(p_ldbg)' # don't include the following symbols, found in extensions # which either can be built as builtin or extension. sed -ri \ -e '/^ (PyInit_|_add_one_to_index|asdl_)/d' \ -e '/^ (PyExpat_XML_|PyExpat_Xml)/d' \ -e '/^ (ffi_type_|_ctypes_)/d' \ $(d_lib)/DEBIAN/symbols $(d_ldbg)/DEBIAN/symbols dh_installdeb -a dh_shlibdeps -a dep=`sed -n '/^shlibs:Depends/s/[^=]*=\(.*\)/\1/p' $(d_min).substvars | awk -v RS=', ' -v ORS=', ' '/^libc6/ { print }'`; \ echo "shlibs:Pre-Depends=$$dep" >> $(d_min).substvars sed -i '/^shlibs:Depends/s/libc6[^,]*[, ]*//g' $(d_min).substvars dh_gencontrol -a dh_md5sums -a dh_builddeb -a # rules to patch the unpacked files in the source directory # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # various rules to unpack addons and (un)apply patches. # - patch / apply-patches # - unpatch / reverse-patches patchdir = debian/patches patch: stamps/stamp-patch stamps/stamp-patch: dh_testdir uname -a @echo USER=$$USER, LOGNAME=$$LOGNAME @grep ^Mem /proc/meminfo @echo "DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS: $$DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS" rm -rf autom4te.cache configure autoconf mkdir -p stamps echo ""; echo "Patches applied in this version:" > stamps/pxx for i in $$(cat $(patchdir)/series); do \ case "$$i" in \#*) continue; esac; \ echo ""; echo "$$i:"; \ sed -n 's/^# *DP: */ /p' $(patchdir)/$$i; \ done >> stamps/pxx touch Parser/acceler.c Parser/grammar1.c Parser/listnode.c \ Parser/node.c Parser/parser.c Parser/bitset.c Parser/metagrammar.c \ Parser/firstsets.c Parser/grammar.c Parser/pgen.c touch Objects/obmalloc.c Python/dynamic_annotations.c \ Python/mysnprintf.c Python/pyctype.c Parser/tokenizer_pgen.c \ Parser/printgrammar.c Parser/parsetok_pgen.c Parser/pgenmain.c @sleep 1 touch Grammar/Grammar @sleep 1 touch Include/graminit.h @sleep 1 touch Python/graminit.c ln -sf site-packages Lib/dist-packages mv stamps/pxx $@ reverse-patches: unpatch unpatch: rm -rf configure autom4te.cache update-patches: $(patchdir)/series export QUILT_PATCHES=$(patchdir); \ export QUILT_REFRESH_ARGS="--no-timestamps --no-index -pab"; \ export QUILT_DIFF_ARGS="--no-timestamps --no-index -pab"; \ while quilt push; do quilt refresh; done binary: binary-indep binary-arch .NOTPARALLEL: .PHONY: control-file configure build clean binary-indep binary-arch binary install # Local Variables: # mode: makefile # end: debian/pymindeps.py0000664000000000000000000001440212600634015011550 0ustar #! /usr/bin/python3 # Matthias Klose # Modified to only exclude module imports from a given module. # Copyright 2004 Toby Dickenson # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining # a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the # "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including # without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, # distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to # permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject # to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included # in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, # EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. # IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY # CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, # TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE # SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. import os, sys, pprint import modulefinder import imp class mymf(modulefinder.ModuleFinder): def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): self._depgraph = {} self._types = {} self._last_caller = None modulefinder.ModuleFinder.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def import_hook(self, name, caller=None, fromlist=None, level=-1): old_last_caller = self._last_caller try: self._last_caller = caller return modulefinder.ModuleFinder.import_hook(self, name, caller, fromlist, level) finally: self._last_caller = old_last_caller def import_module(self, partnam, fqname, parent): m = modulefinder.ModuleFinder.import_module(self, partnam, fqname, parent) if m is not None and self._last_caller: caller = self._last_caller.__name__ if '.' in caller: caller = caller[:caller.index('.')] callee = m.__name__ if '.' in callee: callee = callee[:callee.index('.')] #print "XXX last_caller", caller, "MOD", callee #self._depgraph.setdefault(self._last_caller.__name__,{})[r.__name__] = 1 #if caller in ('pdb', 'doctest') or callee in ('pdb', 'doctest'): # print caller, "-->", callee if caller != callee: self._depgraph.setdefault(caller,{})[callee] = 1 return m def find_module(self, name, path, parent=None): if parent is not None: # assert path is not None fullname = parent.__name__+'.'+name elif name == "__init__": fullname = os.path.basename(path[0]) else: fullname = name if self._last_caller: caller = self._last_caller.__name__ if fullname in excluded_imports.get(caller, []): #self.msgout(3, "find_module -> Excluded", fullname) raise ImportError(name) if fullname in self.excludes: #self.msgout(3, "find_module -> Excluded", fullname) raise ImportError(name) if path is None: if name in sys.builtin_module_names: return (None, None, ("", "", imp.C_BUILTIN)) path = self.path return imp.find_module(name, path) def load_module(self, fqname, fp, pathname, file_info): suffix, mode, type = file_info m = modulefinder.ModuleFinder.load_module(self, fqname, fp, pathname, file_info) if m is not None: self._types[m.__name__] = type return m def load_package(self, fqname, pathname): m = modulefinder.ModuleFinder.load_package(self, fqname,pathname) if m is not None: self._types[m.__name__] = imp.PKG_DIRECTORY return m def reduce_depgraph(dg): pass # guarded imports, which don't need to be included in python-minimal excluded_imports = { 'argparse': set(('gettext',)), 'codecs': set(('encodings',)), 'collections': set(('cPickle', 'pickle', 'doctest')), 'compileall': set(('concurrent',)), 'copy': set(('reprlib',)), #'functools': set(('_dummy_thread',)), 'hashlib': set(('logging', '_hashlib')), #'hashlib': set(('_hashlib', '_md5', '_sha', '_sha256','_sha512',)), 'heapq': set(('doctest',)), #'io': set(('_dummy_thread',)), 'logging': set(('multiprocessing',)), 'os': set(('nt', 'ntpath', 'os2', 'os2emxpath', 'mac', 'macpath', 'riscos', 'riscospath', 'riscosenviron')), 'optparse': set(('gettext',)), 'pickle': set(('argparse', 'doctest', 'pprint')), 'platform': set(('ctypes', 'plistlib', 'tempfile')), 'reprlib': set(('_dummy_thread',)), #'socket': set(('_ssl',)), '_sitebuiltins': set(('pydoc',)), 'subprocess': set(('dummy_threading',)), 'sysconfig': set(('pprint','_osx_support')), 'tempfile': set(('_dummy_thread', 'shutil')), } def main(argv): # Parse command line import getopt try: opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "dmp:qx:") except getopt.error as msg: print(msg) return # Process options debug = 1 domods = 0 addpath = [] exclude = [] for o, a in opts: if o == '-d': debug = debug + 1 if o == '-m': domods = 1 if o == '-p': addpath = addpath + a.split(os.pathsep) if o == '-q': debug = 0 if o == '-x': exclude.append(a) path = sys.path[:] path = addpath + path if debug > 1: print(("version:", sys.version)) print("path:") for item in path: print((" ", repr(item))) #exclude = ['__builtin__', 'sys', 'os'] exclude = [] mf = mymf(path, debug, exclude) for arg in args: mf.run_script(arg) depgraph = reduce_depgraph(mf._depgraph) pprint.pprint({'depgraph':mf._depgraph, 'types':mf._types}) if __name__=='__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) debian/PVER.postinst.in0000664000000000000000000000073113156603732012165 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e case "$1" in configure) files=$(dpkg -L lib@PVER@-stdlib@HOST_QUAL@ | sed -n '/^\/usr\/lib\/@PVER@\/.*\.py$/p') if [ -n "$files" ]; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files if grep -sq '^byte-compile[^#]*optimize' /etc/python/debian_config; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S -O /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files fi else echo >&2 "@PVER@: can't get files for byte-compilation" fi esac #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/README.maintainers.in0000664000000000000000000000651212244115414012770 0ustar Hints for maintainers of Debian packages of Python extensions ------------------------------------------------------------- Most of the content of this README can be found in the Debian Python policy. See /usr/share/doc/python/python-policy.txt.gz. Documentation Tools ------------------- If your package ships documentation produced in the Python documentation format, you can generate it at build-time by build-depending on @PVER@-dev, and you will find the templates, tools and scripts in /usr/lib/@PVER@/doc/tools -- adjust your build scripts accordingly. Makefile.pre.in issues ---------------------- Python comes with a `universal Unix Makefile for Python extensions' in /usr/lib/@PVER@/config/Makefile.pre.in (with Debian, this is included in the python-dev package), which is used by most Python extensions. In general, packages using the Makefile.pre.in approach can be packaged simply by running dh_make or by using one of debhelper's rules' templates (see /usr/doc/debhelper/examples/). Makefile.pre.in works fine with e.g. "make prefix=debian/tmp/usr install". One glitch: You may be running into the problem that Makefile.pre.in doesn't try to create all the directories when they don't exist. Therefore, you may have to create them manually before "make install". In most cases, the following should work: ... dh_installdirs /usr/lib/@PVER@ $(MAKE) prefix=debian/tmp/usr install ... Byte-compilation ---------------- For speed reasons, Python internally compiles source files into a byte-code. To speed up subsequent imports, it tries to save the byte-code along with the source with an extension .pyc (resp. pyo). This will fail if the libraries are installed in a non-writable directory, which may be the case for /usr/lib/@PVER@/. Not that .pyc and .pyo files should not be relocated, since for debugging purposes the path of the source for is hard-coded into them. To precompile files in batches after installation, Python has a script compileall.py, which compiles all files in a given directory tree. The Debian version of compileall has been enhanced to support incremental compilation and to feature a ddir (destination dir) option. ddir is used to compile files in debian/usr/lib/python/ when they will be installed into /usr/lib/python/. Currently, there are two ways to use compileall for Debian packages. The first has a speed penalty, the second has a space penalty in the package. 1.) Compiling and removing .pyc files in postinst/prerm: Use dh_python(1) from the debhelper packages to add commands to byte- compile on installation and to remove the byte-compiled files on removal. Your package has to build-depend on: debhelper (>= 4.1.67), python. In /usr/share/doc/@PVER@, you'll find sample.postinst and sample.prerm. If you set the directory where the .py files are installed, these scripts will install and remove the .pyc and .pyo files for your package after unpacking resp. before removing the package. 2.) Compiling the .pyc files `out of place' during installation: As of 1.5.1, compileall.py allows you to specify a faked installation directory using the "-d destdir" option, so that you can precompile the files in their temporary directory (e.g. debian/tmp/usr/lib/python2.1/site-packages/PACKAGE). 11/02/98 Gregor Hoffleit Last modified: 2007-10-14 debian/libPVER-stdlib.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000220612642757467013412 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e remove_bytecode() { pkg=$1 max=$(LANG=C LC_ALL=C xargs --show-limits < /dev/null 2>&1 | awk '/Maximum length/ {print int($NF / 4)}') dpkg -L $pkg \ | awk -F/ 'BEGIN {OFS="/"} /\.py$/ {$NF=sprintf("__pycache__/%s.*.py[co]", substr($NF,1,length($NF)-3)); print}' \ | xargs --max-chars="$max" echo \ | while read files; do rm -f $files; done # source and bytecode filename mismatch rm -f /usr/lib/@PVER@/__pycache__/__phello__.cpython-*.py* find /usr/lib/python3 /usr/lib/@PVER@ \ \( -name dist-packages -prune \) -o \ \( -name __pycache__ -type d -empty -print \) \ | xargs -r rm -rf } case "$1" in remove) pc=$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Abbrev} ${binary:Package}\n' -W lib@PVER@-stdlib \ | grep -v '^.n' | wc -l) if [ "$pc" -le 1 ]; then remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-stdlib@HOST_QUAL@ fi ;; upgrade) remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-stdlib@HOST_QUAL@ # byte compilation in @PVER@ postinst, strict dependency ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/depgraph.py0000664000000000000000000001605212567151532011347 0ustar #! /usr/bin/python3 # Copyright 2004 Toby Dickenson # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining # a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the # "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including # without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, # distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to # permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject # to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included # in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, # EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. # IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY # CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, # TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE # SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. import sys, getopt, colorsys, imp, hashlib class pydepgraphdot: def main(self,argv): opts,args = getopt.getopt(argv,'',['mono']) self.colored = 1 for o,v in opts: if o=='--mono': self.colored = 0 self.render() def fix(self,s): # Convert a module name to a syntactically correct node name return s.replace('.','_') def render(self): p,t = self.get_data() # normalise our input data for k,d in list(p.items()): for v in list(d.keys()): if v not in p: p[v] = {} f = self.get_output_file() f.write('digraph G {\n') #f.write('concentrate = true;\n') #f.write('ordering = out;\n') f.write('ranksep=1.0;\n') f.write('node [style=filled,fontname=Helvetica,fontsize=10];\n') allkd = list(p.items()) allkd.sort() for k,d in allkd: tk = t.get(k) if self.use(k,tk): allv = list(d.keys()) allv.sort() for v in allv: tv = t.get(v) if self.use(v,tv) and not self.toocommon(v,tv): f.write('%s -> %s' % ( self.fix(k),self.fix(v) ) ) self.write_attributes(f,self.edge_attributes(k,v)) f.write(';\n') f.write(self.fix(k)) self.write_attributes(f,self.node_attributes(k,tk)) f.write(';\n') f.write('}\n') def write_attributes(self,f,a): if a: f.write(' [') f.write(','.join(a)) f.write(']') def node_attributes(self,k,type): a = [] a.append('label="%s"' % self.label(k)) if self.colored: a.append('fillcolor="%s"' % self.color(k,type)) else: a.append('fillcolor=white') if self.toocommon(k,type): a.append('peripheries=2') return a def edge_attributes(self,k,v): a = [] weight = self.weight(k,v) if weight!=1: a.append('weight=%d' % weight) length = self.alien(k,v) if length: a.append('minlen=%d' % length) return a def get_data(self): t = eval(sys.stdin.read()) return t['depgraph'],t['types'] def get_output_file(self): return sys.stdout def use(self,s,type): # Return true if this module is interesting and should be drawn. Return false # if it should be completely omitted. This is a default policy - please override. if s=='__main__': return 0 #if s in ('os','sys','time','__future__','types','re','string'): if s in ('sys'): # nearly all modules use all of these... more or less. They add nothing to # our diagram. return 0 if s.startswith('encodings.'): return 0 if self.toocommon(s,type): # A module where we dont want to draw references _to_. Dot doesnt handle these # well, so it is probably best to not draw them at all. return 0 return 1 def toocommon(self,s,type): # Return true if references to this module are uninteresting. Such references # do not get drawn. This is a default policy - please override. # if s=='__main__': # references *to* __main__ are never interesting. omitting them means # that main floats to the top of the page return 1 #if type==imp.PKG_DIRECTORY: # # dont draw references to packages. # return 1 return 0 def weight(self,a,b): # Return the weight of the dependency from a to b. Higher weights # usually have shorter straighter edges. Return 1 if it has normal weight. # A value of 4 is usually good for ensuring that a related pair of modules # are drawn next to each other. This is a default policy - please override. # if b.split('.')[-1].startswith('_'): # A module that starts with an underscore. You need a special reason to # import these (for example random imports _random), so draw them close # together return 4 return 1 def alien(self,a,b): # Return non-zero if references to this module are strange, and should be drawn # extra-long. the value defines the length, in rank. This is also good for putting some # vertical space between seperate subsystems. This is a default policy - please override. # return 0 def label(self,s): # Convert a module name to a formatted node label. This is a default policy - please override. # return '\\.\\n'.join(s.split('.')) def color(self,s,type): # Return the node color for this module name. This is a default policy - please override. # # Calculate a color systematically based on the hash of the module name. Modules in the # same package have the same color. Unpackaged modules are grey t = self.normalise_module_name_for_hash_coloring(s,type) return self.color_from_name(t) def normalise_module_name_for_hash_coloring(self,s,type): if type==imp.PKG_DIRECTORY: return s else: i = s.rfind('.') if i<0: return '' else: return s[:i] def color_from_name(self,name): n = hashlib.md5(name.encode('utf-8')).digest() hf = float(n[0]+n[1]*0xff)/0xffff sf = float(n[2])/0xff vf = float(n[3])/0xff r,g,b = colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(hf, 0.3+0.6*sf, 0.8+0.2*vf) return '#%02x%02x%02x' % (int(r*256),int(g*256),int(b*256)) def main(): pydepgraphdot().main(sys.argv[1:]) if __name__=='__main__': main() debian/control.stdlib0000664000000000000000000000110112244115414012042 0ustar Package: @PVER@-tk Architecture: any Depends: @PVER@ (= ${Source-Version}), ${shlibs:Depends} Suggests: tix XB-Python-Version: @VER@ Description: Tkinter - Writing Tk applications with Python (v@VER@) A module for writing portable GUI applications with Python (v@VER@) using Tk. Also known as Tkinter. Package: @PVER@-gdbm Architecture: any Depends: @PVER@ (= ${Source-Version}), ${shlibs:Depends} Description: GNU dbm database support for Python (v@VER@) GNU dbm database module for Python. Install this if you want to create or read GNU dbm database files with Python. debian/libPVER-minimal.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000204612642757460013552 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e remove_bytecode() { pkg=$1 max=$(LANG=C LC_ALL=C xargs --show-limits < /dev/null 2>&1 | awk '/Maximum length/ {print int($NF / 4)}') dpkg -L $pkg \ | awk -F/ 'BEGIN {OFS="/"} /\.py$/ {$NF=sprintf("__pycache__/%s.*.py[co]", substr($NF,1,length($NF)-3)); print}' \ | xargs --max-chars="$max" echo \ | while read files; do rm -f $files; done find /usr/lib/python3 /usr/lib/@PVER@ \ \( -name dist-packages -prune \) -o \ \( -name __pycache__ -type d -empty -print \) \ | xargs -r rm -rf } case "$1" in remove) pc=$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Abbrev} ${binary:Package}\n' -W lib@PVER@-minimal \ | grep -v '^.n' | wc -l) if [ "$pc" -le 1 ]; then remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-minimal@HOST_QUAL@ fi ;; upgrade) remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-minimal@HOST_QUAL@ # byte compilation in @PVER@-minimal postinst, strict dependency ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/multiarch.h.in0000664000000000000000000000554012303065671011745 0ustar #if defined(__linux__) # if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__LP64__) # include # elif defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__ILP32__) # include # elif defined(__i386__) # include # elif defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__AARCH64EL__) # include # elif defined(__alpha__) # include # elif defined(__ARM_EABI__) && defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP) # include # elif defined(__ARM_EABI__) && !defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP) # include # elif defined(__hppa__) # include # elif defined(__ia64__) # include # elif defined(__m68k__) && !defined(__mcoldfire__) # include # elif defined(__mips_hard_float) && defined(_MIPSEL) # if _MIPS_SIM == _ABIO32 # include # elif _MIPS_SIM == _ABIN32 # include # elif _MIPS_SIM == _ABI64 # include # else # error unknown multiarch location for @header@ # endif # elif defined(__mips_hard_float) # if _MIPS_SIM == _ABIO32 # include # elif _MIPS_SIM == _ABIN32 # include # elif _MIPS_SIM == _ABI64 # include # else # error unknown multiarch location for @header@ # endif # elif defined(__or1k__) # include # elif defined(__powerpc__) && defined(__SPE__) # include # elif defined(__powerpc64__) # if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) # include # else # include # endif # elif defined(__powerpc__) # include # elif defined(__s390x__) # include # elif defined(__s390__) # include # elif defined(__sh__) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) # include # elif defined(__sparc__) && defined(__arch64__) # include # elif defined(__sparc__) # include # else # error unknown multiarch location for @header@ # endif #elif defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__) # if defined(__LP64__) # include # elif defined(__i386__) # include # else # error unknown multiarch location for @header@ # endif #elif defined(__gnu_hurd__) # include #else # error unknown multiarch location for @header@ #endif debian/control.udeb0000664000000000000000000000054312244115414011511 0ustar Package: @PVER@-udeb XC-Package-Type: udeb Section: debian-installer Architecture: any Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} XB-Python-Runtime: @PVER@ XB-Python-Version: @VER@ Description: A minimal subset of the Python language (version @VER@) This package contains the interpreter and some essential modules, packaged for use in the installer. debian/pydoc.1.in0000664000000000000000000000231012244115414010767 0ustar .TH PYDOC@VER@ 1 .SH NAME pydoc@VER@ \- the Python documentation tool .SH SYNOPSIS .PP .B pydoc@VER@ .I name .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -k .I keyword .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -p .I port .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -g .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -w .I module [...] .SH DESCRIPTION .PP .B pydoc@VER@ .I name Show text documentation on something. .I name may be the name of a Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted reference to a class or function within a module or module in a package. If .I name contains a '/', it is used as the path to a Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics', or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed. .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -k .I keyword Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules. .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -p .I port Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine. .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -g Pop up a graphical interface for finding and serving documentation. .PP .B pydoc@VER@ -w .I name [...] Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current directory. If .I name contains a '/', it is treated as a filename; if it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents. .SH AUTHOR Moshe Zadka, based on "pydoc --help" debian/PVER.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000033012244115414012267 0ustar # yes, we have to @PVER@ binary: depends-on-python-minimal @PVER@ binary: desktop-command-not-in-package @PVER@ binary: menu-command-not-in-package # no, not useless @PVER@ binary: manpage-has-useless-whatis-entry debian/changelog0000664000000000000000000046075413301255650011062 0ustar python3.5 (3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.4~14.04.1) trusty; urgency=medium * Backport python3.5 to trusty for building Firefox * Don't perform a PGO build, as it causes crashes during the build * Drop the libpython3.5-stdlib Breaks on libmpdec2 (<< 2.4.2), as this doesn't appear to be needed. Python 3.5 and 3.4 are both bundled with the same version, and trusty's Python 3.4 is already built against and using 2.4.0 -- Chris Coulson Tue, 03 Apr 2018 20:16:03 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.4) xenial-security; urgency=medium * SECURITY UPDATE: integer overflow in the PyBytes_DecodeEscape function - debian/patches/CVE-2017-1000158.patch: fix this integer overflow in Objects/bytesobject.c. - CVE-2017-1000158 -- Leonidas S. Barbosa Thu, 23 Nov 2017 13:37:01 -0300 python3.5 (3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.3) xenial; urgency=medium * Explicitly use the system python for byte compilation in postinst scripts. (LP: #1682934) -- Brian Murray Thu, 14 Sep 2017 15:51:06 -0700 python3.5 (3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.2) xenial; urgency=medium * SRU: LP: #1711724 Fix dict segfault. Issue #27945. -- Clint Byrum Fri, 18 Aug 2017 10:48:00 -0700 python3.5 (3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1) xenial-security; urgency=medium * SECURITY UPDATE: use of HTTP_PROXY flag supplied by attacker in CGI scripts (aka HTTPOXY attack) - debian/patches/CVE-2016-1000110.patch: if running as CGI script, forget HTTP_PROXY in Lib/urllib.py, add test to Lib/test/test_urllib.py, add documentation. - CVE-2016-1000110 * NOTE: backport of 3.5.2 to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS also addresses: - CVE-2016-0772: StartTLS stripping attack - CVE-2016-5636: Integer overflow when handling zipfiles -- Steve Beattie Thu, 17 Nov 2016 09:05:23 -0800 python3.5 (3.5.2-2~16.04) xenial-proposed; urgency=medium * SRU: LP: #1620754: Fix invalid code in pyhash/siphash24. Issue #28055. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 10 Sep 2016 10:21:44 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.2-2~16.01) xenial-proposed; urgency=medium * SRU: LP: #1591887. Backport 3.5.2 to 16.04 LTS. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 05 Jul 2016 14:43:10 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.2-2) unstable; urgency=medium * asyncio: Fix callbacks race in SelectorLoop.sock_connect, proposed patch taken from https://github.com/python/asyncio/pull/366. * asyncio: Fix NameError in asyncio.sslproto. Closes: #827453. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 05 Jul 2016 13:33:36 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.2-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.2 release. - Issue #26867: Ubuntu's openssl OP_NO_SSLv3 is forced on by default; fix test. - Issue #27365: Allow non-ascii in idlelib/NEWS.txt. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 27 Jun 2016 08:22:49 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.2~rc1-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Fix building with the wheel files in the source package. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 13 Jun 2016 11:33:26 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.2~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.2 release candidate 1. - Issue #15657: Delete incorrect statement from PyMethodDef documentation. - Issue #27289: Prevent test_urllib2net failures due to EOFError raised by ftplib. - Issue #25455: Clean up reference loops created in tests for recursive. - Issue #27190: Raise NotSupportedError if sqlite3 is older than 3.3.1. - Issue #27188: Fix various sqlite3 documentation errors. - Issue #15476: Make "code object" its own entry in the index. - Issue #8491: Add link to Gnu Readline configuration documentation. - Issue #24617: Add comment for os.mkdir about mode quirks. - Issue #27280: Fix typo in IPv6Network documentation. - Issue #17500, and https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues/945: Remove unused and outdated icons. - Issue #20900: distutils register command now decodes HTTP responses correctly. - Issue #5124: Paste with selection should always replace. This is how paste work on Windows, Mac, modern Linux apps, and ttk widgets. The exception was X11 tk widgets. - Issue #27223: aio: Fix _read_ready and _write_ready to respect _conn_lost. - Issue #22970: asyncio: Fix inconsistency cancelling Condition.wait. - Issue #22558: Add remaining doc links to source code for Python-coded modules. - Issue #21386: Implement missing IPv4Address.is_global property. - Issue #27194: superfluous truncate calls in tarfile.py slow down extraction. - Issue #14209: pkgutil.iter_zipimport_modules ignores the prefix for packages. - Issue #24136: Document generalized unpacking, PEP 448. - Issue #27286: Fixed compiling BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL opcode. Calling function with generalized unpacking (PEP 448) and conflicting keyword names could cause undefined behavior. - Issue #25455: Fixed a crash in repr of ElementTree.Element with recursive tag. * Extend debian/copyright to the files shipped in the wheel files. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 13 Jun 2016 07:58:29 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-16) unstable; urgency=high * Restore the distutils-init patch, only applied on upstream trunk. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 10 Jun 2016 11:03:40 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-15) unstable; urgency=high * Fix bad update of the distutils-install-layout patch. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 10 Jun 2016 00:38:59 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-14) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160609 from the 3.5 branch. - A new version of typing.py provides several new classes and features: @overload outside stubs, Reversible, DefaultDict, Text, ContextManager, Type[], NewType(), TYPE_CHECKING, and numerous bug fixes (note that some of the new features are not yet implemented in mypy or other static analyzers). Also classes for PEP 492 (Awaitable, AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator) have been added (in fact they made it into 3.5.1 but were never mentioned). - Issue #25738: Stop http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_error() from sending a message body for 205 Reset Content. Also, don't send Content header fields in responses that don't have a body. - Issue #21313: Fix the "platform" module to tolerate when sys.version contains truncated build information. - Issue #26839: On Linux, :func:`os.urandom` now calls ``getrandom()`` with ``GRND_NONBLOCK`` to fall back on reading ``/dev/urandom`` if the urandom entropy pool is not initialized yet. Closes: #824379. - Issue #27164: In the zlib module, allow decompressing raw Deflate streams with a predefined zdict. - Issue #24291: Fix wsgiref.simple_server.WSGIRequestHandler to completely write data to the client. Previously it could do partial writes and truncate data. Also, wsgiref.handler.ServerHandler can now handle stdout doing partial writes, but this is deprecated. - Issue #26809: Add ``__all__`` to :mod:`string`. - Issue #26373: subprocess.Popen.communicate now correctly ignores BrokenPipeError when the child process dies before .communicate() is called in more/all circumstances. - Issue #24759: Make clear in idlelib.idle_test.__init__ that the directory is a private implementation of test.test_idle and tool for maintainers. - Issue #27196: Stop 'ThemeChanged' warnings when running IDLE tests. These persisted after other warnings were suppressed in #20567. - Issue #20567: Revise idle_test/README.txt with advice about avoiding tk warning messages from tests. Apply advice to several IDLE tests. - Issue #26884: Fix linking extension modules for cross builds. - Issue #26014: Update 3.x packaging documentation: * "See also" links to the new docs are now provided in the legacy pages * links to setuptools documentation have been updated - Issue #27229: Fix the cross-compiling pgen rule for in-tree builds. * Don't run multiprocessing tests during the profiling build. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 09 Jun 2016 17:41:54 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-13) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160603 from the 3.5 branch. - Issue #26168: Fixed possible refleaks in failing Py_BuildValue() with the "N" format unit. - Issue #26991: Fix possible refleak when creating a function with annotations. - Issue #27039: Fixed bytearray.remove() for values greater than 127. - Issue #23640: int.from_bytes() no longer bypasses constructors for subclasses. - Issue #27138: Fix the doc comment for FileFinder.find_spec(). - Issue #27147: Mention PEP 420 in the importlib docs. - Issue #21776: distutils.upload now correctly handles HTTPError. - Issue #27114: Fix SSLContext._load_windows_store_certs fails with PermissionError. - Issue #18383: Avoid creating duplicate filters when using filterwarnings and simplefilter. - Issue #27057: Fix os.set_inheritable() on Android, ioctl() is blocked by SELinux and fails with EACCESS. The function now falls back to fcntl(). - Issue #27014: Fix infinite recursion using typing.py. - Issue #14132: Fix urllib.request redirect handling when the target only has a query string. - Issue #17214: The "urllib.request" module now percent-encodes non-ASCII bytes found in redirect target URLs. Some servers send Location header fields with non-ASCII bytes, but "http.client" requires the request target to be ASCII-encodable, otherwise a UnicodeEncodeError is raised. - Issue #26892: Honor debuglevel flag in urllib.request.HTTPHandler. - Issue #22274: In the subprocess module, allow stderr to be redirected to stdout even when stdout is not redirected. - Issue #26807: mock_open 'files' no longer error on readline at end of file. - Issue #26977: Removed unnecessary, and ignored, call to sum of squares helper in statistics.pvariance. - Issue #26848: Fix asyncio/subprocess.communicate() to handle empty input. - Issue #27040: Add loop.get_exception_handler method - Issue #27041: asyncio: Add loop.create_future method * IDLE changes: - Issue #27117: Make colorizer htest and turtledemo work with dark themes. Move code for configuring text widget colors to a new function. - Issue #26673: When tk reports font size as 0, change to size 10. Such fonts on Linux prevented the configuration dialog from opening. - Issue #21939: Add test for IDLE's percolator. - Issue #21676: Add test for IDLE's replace dialog. - Issue #18410: Add test for IDLE's search dialog. - Issue #21703: Add test for IDLE's undo delegator. - Issue #27044: Add ConfigDialog.remove_var_callbacks to stop memory leaks. - Issue #23977: Add more asserts to test_delegator. - Issue #20640: Add tests for idlelib.configHelpSourceEdit. - In the 'IDLE-console differences' section of the IDLE doc, clarify how running with IDLE affects sys.modules and the standard streams. - Issue #25507: fix incorrect change in IOBinding that prevented printing. Augment IOBinding htest to include all major IOBinding functions. - Issue #25905: Revert unwanted conversion of ' to ’ RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK in README.txt and open this and NEWS.txt with 'ascii'. Re-encode CREDITS.txt to utf-8 and open it with 'utf-8'. * Rebuild to pick up the GNU triplet change on i386 archs. Addresses: #826128. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 03 Jun 2016 01:07:42 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-12) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160509 from the 3.5 branch. - Issue #26811: gc.get_objects() no longer contains a broken tuple with NULL pointer. - Issue #20120: Use RawConfigParser for .pypirc parsing, removing support for interpolation unintentionally added with move to Python 3. Behavior no longer does any interpolation in .pypirc files, matching behavior in Python 2.7 and Setuptools 19.0. - Issue #25745: Fixed leaking a userptr in curses panel destructor. - Issue #26881: The modulefinder module now supports extended opcode arguments. - Issue #23815: Fixed crashes related to directly created instances of types in _tkinter and curses.panel modules. - Issue #17765: weakref.ref() no longer silently ignores keyword arguments. - Issue #26873: xmlrpc now raises ResponseError on unsupported type tags instead of silently return incorrect result. - Issue #26881: modulefinder now works with bytecode with extended args. - Issue #26711: Fixed the comparison of plistlib.Data with other types. - Issue #24114: Fix an uninitialized variable in `ctypes.util`. - Issue #26864: In urllib.request, change the proxy bypass host checking against no_proxy to be case-insensitive, and to not match unrelated host names that happen to have a bypassed hostname as a suffix. - Issue #26634: recursive_repr() now sets __qualname__ of wrapper. - Issue #26804: urllib.request will prefer lower_case proxy environment variables over UPPER_CASE or Mixed_Case ones. - Issue #26837: assertSequenceEqual() now correctly outputs non-stringified differing items (like bytes in the -b mode). This affects assertListEqual() and assertTupleEqual(). - Issue #26041: Remove "will be removed in Python 3.7" from deprecation messages of platform.dist() and platform.linux_distribution(). - Issue #26822: itemgetter, attrgetter and methodcaller objects no longer silently ignore keyword arguments. - Issue #26733: Disassembling a class now disassembles class and static methods. - Issue #26801: Fix error handling in :func:`shutil.get_terminal_size`, catch :exc:`AttributeError` instead of :exc:`NameError`. - Issue #24838: tarfile's ustar and gnu formats now correctly calculate name and link field limits for multibyte character encodings like utf-8. - Issue #26657: Fix directory traversal vulnerability with http.server on Windows. - Issue #26736: Used HTTPS for external links in the documentation if possible. - Issue #22359: Disable the rules for running _freeze_importlib and pgen when cross-compiling. The output of these programs is normally saved with the source code anyway, and is still regenerated when doing a native build. Closes: #820509. - Issue #21668: Link audioop, _datetime, _ctypes_test modules to libm. - Issue #26799: Fix python-gdb.py: don't get C types once when the Python code is loaded, but get C types on demand. The C types can change if python-gdb.py is loaded before the Python executable. * Fix issue #26673, runtime error in idle3. LP: #1574892. * Update symbols files. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 09 May 2016 13:00:17 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-11) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160330 from the 3.5 branch. - Issue #26659: Make the builtin slice type support cycle collection. - Issue #26718: super.__init__ no longer leaks memory if called multiple times. NOTE: A direct call of super.__init__ is not endorsed! - Issue #25339: PYTHONIOENCODING now has priority over locale in setting the error handler for stdin and stdout. - Issue #26717: Stop encoding Latin-1-ized WSGI paths with UTF-8. - Issue #26735: Fix :func:`os.urandom` on Solaris 11.3 and newer when reading more than 1,024 bytes: call ``getrandom()`` multiple times with a limit of 1024 bytes per call. - Issue #16329: Add .webm to mimetypes.types_map. - Issue #13952: Add .csv to mimetypes.types_map. - Issue #26709: Fixed Y2038 problem in loading binary PLists. - Issue #23735: Handle terminal resizing with Readline 6.3+ by installing our own SIGWINCH handler. - Issue #26586: In http.server, respond with "413 Request header fields too large" if there are too many header fields to parse, rather than killing the connection and raising an unhandled exception. - Issue #22854: Change BufferedReader.writable() and BufferedWriter.readable() to always return False. - Issue #6953: Rework the Readline module documentation to group related functions together, and add more details such as what underlying Readline functions and variables are accessed. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 17 Apr 2016 18:14:06 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-10) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160330 from the 3.5 branch. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 31 Mar 2016 00:46:26 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.1-9) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160323 from the 3.5 branch. * Always build _math.o with -fPIC. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 23 Mar 2016 11:47:21 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-8) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160318 from the 3.5 branch. * Fix python3-venv with updated python-pip packages (Barry Warsaw). Closes: #815014, #815864. * Fix generating devhelp documentation (Simon McVittie). Closes: #816299. LP: #1553633. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 18 Mar 2016 16:12:19 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-7) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160224 from the 3.5 branch. * python3.5-venv: Drop the dependency on python-setuptools-whl, depend on python-pip-whl (>= 8.0.2-7). * Don't run the test_socket test, hangs on some buildds. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 24 Feb 2016 12:28:57 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-6) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160221 from the 3.5 branch. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 22 Feb 2016 00:11:32 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-5) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160113 from the 3.5 branch. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 13 Jan 2016 16:09:18 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160111 from the 3.5 branch. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 11 Jan 2016 21:50:55 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20160105 from the 3.5 branch. * Fix maintainer scripts with findutils 4.6. Closes: #809079. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 05 Jan 2016 12:13:30 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Disable LTO on Debian/s390x. * Don't run test_signal on alpha, currently breaks the testsuite. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 10 Dec 2015 15:34:41 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.1 release. * Fix building architecture independent packages only. Closes: #806870. * Update symbols files for i386. * d/p/fix-sslv3-test.diff: properly handle Ubuntu's openssl having OP_NO_SSLv3 forced on by default (Marc Deslauriers). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 07 Dec 2015 11:34:52 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1~rc1-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Build-depend on time. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 24 Nov 2015 08:26:06 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.1~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.1 release candidate 1. * Don't ship menu files anymore, just desktop files. * Update symbols file. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 23 Nov 2015 22:10:38 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.0-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20151028 from the 3.5 branch. - Issue #25274: sys.setrecursionlimit() now raises a RecursionError if the new recursion limit is too low depending at the current recursion depth. Modify also the "lower-water mark" formula to make it monotonic. This mark is used to decide when the overflowed flag of the thread state is reset. - Issue #25447: The lru_cache() wrapper objects now can be copied and pickled (by returning the original object unchanged). - Issue #25390: typing: Don't crash on Union[str, Pattern]. - Issue #25441: asyncio: Raise error from drain() when socket is closed. - Issue #25410: Cleaned up and fixed minor bugs in C implementation of OrderedDict. - Issue #25411: Improved Unicode support in SMTPHandler through better use of the email package. - Issue #25407: Remove mentions of the formatter module being removed in Python 3.6. - Issue #25406: Fixed a bug in C implementation of OrderedDict.move_to_end() that caused segmentation fault or hang in iterating after moving several items to the start of ordered dict. - Issue #25380: Fixed protocol for the STACK_GLOBAL opcode in pickletools.opcodes. - Issue #25471: Sockets returned from accept() shouldn't appear to be nonblocking. - Issue #25440: Fix output of python-config --extension-suffix. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 28 Oct 2015 16:31:37 +0100 python3.5 (3.5.0-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20151011 from the 3.5 branch. - Idle updates. - Issue #24402: Fix input() to prompt to the redirected stdout when sys.stdout.fileno() fails. - Issue #24806: Prevent builtin types that are not allowed to be subclassed from being subclassed through multiple inheritance. - Issue #24848: Fixed a number of bugs in UTF-7 decoding of misformed data. - Issue #25280: Import trace messages emitted in verbose (-v) mode are no longer formatted twice. - Issue #25003: On Solaris 11.3 or newer, os.urandom() now uses the getrandom() function instead of the getentropy() function. The getentropy() function is blocking to generate very good quality entropy, os.urandom() doesn't need such high-quality entropy. - Issue #25182: The stdprinter (used as sys.stderr before the io module is imported at startup) now uses the backslashreplace error handler. - Issue #25131: Make the line number and column offset of set/dict literals and comprehensions correspond to the opening brace. - Issue #25364: zipfile now works in threads disabled builds. - Issue #25328: smtpd's SMTPChannel now correctly raises a ValueError if both decode_data and enable_SMTPUTF8 are set to true. - Issue #25316: distutils raises OSError instead of DistutilsPlatformError when MSVC is not installed. - Issue #23972: Updates asyncio datagram create method allowing reuseport and reuseaddr socket options to be set prior to binding the socket. Mirroring the existing asyncio create_server method the reuseaddr option for datagram sockets defaults to True if the O/S is 'posix' (except if the platform is Cygwin). - Issue #25304: Add asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(). This lets you submit a coroutine to a loop from another thread, returning a concurrent.futures.Future. - Issue #25232: Fix CGIRequestHandler to split the query from the URL at the first question mark (?) rather than the last. - Issue #24657: Prevent CGIRequestHandler from collapsing slashes in the query part of the URL as if it were a path. - Issue #24483: C implementation of functools.lru_cache() now calculates key's hash only once. - Issue #22958: Constructor and update method of weakref.WeakValueDictionary now accept the self and the dict keyword arguments. - Issue #22609: Constructor of collections.UserDict now accepts the self keyword argument. - Issue #25111: Fixed comparison of traceback.FrameSummary. - Issue #25262. Added support for BINBYTES8 opcode in Python implementation of unpickler. - Issue #25034: Fix string.Formatter problem with auto-numbering and nested format_specs. - Issue #25233: Rewrite the guts of asyncio.Queue and asyncio.Semaphore to be more understandable and correct. - Issue #25203: Failed readline.set_completer_delims() no longer left the module in inconsistent state. - Issue #23600: Default implementation of tzinfo.fromutc() was returning wrong results in some cases. - Issue #23329: Allow the ssl module to be built with older versions of LibreSSL. - Issue #25319: When threading.Event is reinitialized, the underlying condition should use a regular lock rather than a recursive lock. - Issue #25099: Make test_compileall not fail when a entry on sys.path cannot be written to. - Issue #23919: Prevents assert dialogs appearing in the test suite. * Back-out the local patch for issue 21264, supposed to be fixed by #25099. * Adjust setting DH_COMPAT for dh_movefiles with updated debhelper supporting globbing of arguments. Closes: #800247. * pydoc: use the pager command if available. Addresses: #799555. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 11 Oct 2015 11:05:38 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20150924 from the 3.5 branch. * Expect the test_code_module test to fail in the autopkg tests. See upstream issue #25109. * Provide some user-friendly advice when `python3 -m venv` fails because the python3-venv package is not installed (Barry Warsaw). -- Matthias Klose Thu, 24 Sep 2015 01:01:34 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 release. * Drop the no-zip-on-sys.path patch; not worth saving, and the test suite needs adjustments ... * Mark the test_site test as failing. Investigate why this fails. The package has one sitedir less than expected. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 13 Sep 2015 16:38:26 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~rc3-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 release candidate 3. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 08 Sep 2015 09:56:15 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~rc2-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 release candidate 2. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 25 Aug 2015 22:29:07 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 release candidate 1. * Update symbols file. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 12 Aug 2015 16:57:46 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~b4-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 beta 4. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 27 Jul 2015 12:27:48 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~b3-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Fix expansion of makefile macros for _sysconfigdata. Issue #24705. LP: #1477759. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 24 Jul 2015 15:25:23 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~b3-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 beta 3. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 06 Jul 2015 13:55:07 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~b2-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 beta 2. * Make the build reproducible (Jérémy Bobbio). Closes: #786959. - Pass time of latest debian/changelog entry to sphinx via SPHINXOPTS. - Do not store a timestamps when compressing devhelp. * Pass DATE and TIME macros matching the current debian/changelog entry when building getbuildinfo.o. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 01 Jun 2015 12:18:33 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~b1-1ubuntu1) wily; urgency=medium * Disable pgo optimization on i386. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 26 May 2015 23:30:38 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~b1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 beta 1. * Refresh patches. * Update symbols files. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 26 May 2015 02:08:13 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~a4-5) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20150519 from the trunk. - Fix issue #24226, parsing of many sequential one-line 'def' statements. * Don't rename extensions when they already have the multiarch tag. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 19 May 2015 09:55:39 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~a4-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20150518 from the trunk. - Fix build on big endian targets. * Work around issue #24226, byte compilation of IN.py. * Disable PGO (fails to build in unstable). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 18 May 2015 13:48:38 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~a4-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20150517 from the trunk. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 17 May 2015 17:22:56 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~a4-2) experimental; urgency=medium * Update to 20150421 from the trunk. * Fix renaming of extensions. Closes: #783090. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 22 Apr 2015 14:41:45 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~a4-1) experimental; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 alpha 4. * Update to 20150420 from the trunk. * Build debug builds with -Og. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 20 Apr 2015 20:59:53 +0200 python3.5 (3.5.0~a3-1) experimental; urgency=medium * Python 3.5.0 alpha 3. * Update to 20150415 from the trunk. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 15 Apr 2015 21:43:00 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.3-3) experimental; urgency=medium * Update to 20150311 from the 3.4 branch. * Relax the version check for mpdecimal (all required patches applied in the distro version of mpdecimal 2.4.0). * When using GCC versions older than 4.9 for extension builds, automagically mangle -fstack-protector-strong to -fstack-protector. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 11 Apr 2015 20:50:40 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.3-2) experimental; urgency=medium * debian/tests: Use init system agnostic "service" command instead of upstart specific "stop". Also drop unnecessary "status" call right after stopping apport (Martin Pitt). -- Matthias Klose Tue, 10 Mar 2015 20:28:20 +0100 python3.4 (3.4.3-1) experimental; urgency=medium * Python 3.4.3 release. * Changes since 20141202 (3.4.2-4): - Issue #22896: Avoid using PyObject_AsCharBuffer(), PyObject_AsReadBuffer(), and PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(). - Issue #21295: Revert some changes (issue #16795) to AST line numbers and column offsets that constituted a regression. - Issue #21408: The default __ne__() now returns NotImplemented if __eq__() returned NotImplemented. - Issue #23321: Fixed a crash in str.decode() when error handler returned replacment string longer than mailformed input data. - Issue #23048: Fix jumping out of an infinite while loop in the pdb. - Issue #23165: Perform overflow checks before allocating memory in the _Py_char2wchar function. - Issue #23099: Closing io.BytesIO with exported buffer is rejected now to prevent corrupting exported buffer. - Issue #23363: Fix possible overflow in itertools.permutations. - Issue #23364: Fix possible overflow in itertools.product. - Issue #23366: Fixed possible integer overflow in itertools.combinations. - Issue #23369: Fixed possible integer overflow in _json.encode_basestring_ascii. - Issue #23353: Fix the exception handling of generators in PyEval_EvalFrameEx(). At entry, save or swap the exception state even if PyEval_EvalFrameEx() is called with throwflag=0. At exit, the exception state is now always restored or swapped, not only if why is WHY_YIELD or WHY_RETURN. - Issue #18518: timeit now rejects statements which can't be compiled outside a function or a loop (e.g. "return" or "break"). - Issue #23094: Fixed readline with frames in Python implementation of pickle. - Issue #23268: Fixed bugs in the comparison of ipaddress classes. - Issue #21408: Removed incorrect implementations of __ne__() which didn't returned NotImplemented if __eq__() returned NotImplemented. The default __ne__() now works correctly. - Issue #19996: :class:`email.feedparser.FeedParser` now handles (malformed) headers with no key rather than amusing the body has started. - Issue #23248: Update ssl error codes from latest OpenSSL git master. - Issue #23098: 64-bit dev_t is now supported in the os module. - Issue #23250: In the http.cookies module, capitalize "HttpOnly" and "Secure" as they are written in the standard. - Issue #23063: In the disutils' check command, fix parsing of reST with code or code-block directives. - Issue #23209, #23225: selectors.BaseSelector.close() now clears its internal reference to the selector mapping to break a reference cycle. - Issue #21356: Make ssl.RAND_egd() optional to support LibreSSL. The availability of the function is checked during the compilation. - Issue #20896, #22935: The :func:`ssl.get_server_certificate` function now uses the :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23` protocol by default, not :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3`, for maximum compatibility and support platforms where :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3` support is disabled. - Issue #23111: In the ftplib, make ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23 the default protocol version. - Issue #23132: Mitigate regression in speed and clarity in functools.total_ordering. - Issue #22585: On OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, os.urandom() now calls getentropy(), instead of reading /dev/urandom, to get pseudo-random bytes. - Issue #23112: Fix SimpleHTTPServer to correctly carry the query string and fragment when it redirects to add a trailing slash. - Issue #23093: In the io, module allow more operations to work on detached streams. - Issue #19104: pprint now produces evaluable output for wrapped strings. - Issue #23071: Added missing names to codecs.__all__. - Issue #15513: Added a __sizeof__ implementation for pickle classes. - Issue #19858: pickletools.optimize() now aware of the MEMOIZE opcode, can produce more compact result and no longer produces invalid output if input data contains MEMOIZE opcodes together with PUT or BINPUT opcodes. - Issue #22095: Fixed HTTPConnection.set_tunnel with default port. The port value in the host header was set to "None". - Issue #23016: A warning no longer produces an AttributeError when the program is run with pythonw.exe. - Issue #21775: shutil.copytree(): fix crash when copying to VFAT. An exception handler assumed that that OSError objects always have a 'winerror' attribute. That is not the case, so the exception handler itself raised AttributeError when run on Linux (and, presumably, any other non-Windows OS). - Issue #1218234: Fix inspect.getsource() to load updated source of reloaded module. - Issue #22959: In the constructor of http.client.HTTPSConnection, prefer the context's check_hostname attribute over the *check_hostname* parameter. - Issue #23009: Make sure selectors.EpollSelecrtor.select() works when no FD is registered. - Issue #20577: Configuration of the max line length for the FormatParagraph extension has been moved from the General tab of the Idle preferences dialog to the FormatParagraph tab of the Config Extensions dialog. - Issue #16893: Update Idle doc chapter to match current Idle and add new information. - Issue #23180: Rename IDLE "Windows" menu item to "Window". - Issue #19548: Added some additional checks to test_codecs to ensure that statements in the updated documentation remain accurate. - Issue #15506: Use standard PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG autoconf macro in the configure script. - Issue #22935: Allow the ssl module to be compiled if openssl doesn't support SSL 3. - Issue #22079: PyType_Ready() now checks that statically allocated type has no dynamically allocated bases. - Issue #19548: Update the codecs module documentation to better cover the distinction between text encodings and other codecs, together with other clarifications. - Issue #22914: Update the Python 2/3 porting HOWTO to describe a more automated approach. - Issue #22735: Fix many edge cases (including crashes) involving custom mro() implementations. - Issue #23399: pyvenv creates relative symlinks where possible. - Issue #23392: Added tests for marshal C API that works with FILE*. - Issue #18982: Add tests for CLI of the calendar module. - Issue #23345: Prevent test_ssl failures with large OpenSSL patch level values (like 0.9.8zc). * Remove LTO sections from the static libraries. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 26 Feb 2015 10:07:08 +0100 python3.4 (3.4.2-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Fix issue #22935: Fix ssl module when SSLv3 protocol is not supported. * Fix issue #16043: Add a default limit for the amount of data xmlrpclib.gzip_decode will return. CVE-2013-1753. Closes: #742927. * Disable ensurepip for the system installation, only enable it for virtual environments. Closes: #772730. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 27 Dec 2014 12:23:33 +0100 python3.4 (3.4.2-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20141202 from the 3.4 branch. - Issue #20335: bytes constructor now raises TypeError when encoding or errors is specified with non-string argument. - Issue #21971: Update turtledemo doc and add module to the index. - Issue #21032. Fixed socket leak if HTTPConnection.getresponse() fails. - Issue #22960: Add a context argument to xmlrpclib.ServerProxy constructor. - Issue #22915: SAX parser now supports files opened with file descriptor or bytes path. - Issue #22609: Constructors and update methods of mapping classes in the collections module now accept the self keyword argument. - Issue #22788: Add *context* parameter to logging.handlers.HTTPHandler. - Issue #22921: Allow SSLContext to take the *hostname* parameter even if OpenSSL doesn't support SNI. - Issue #22894: TestCase.subTest() would cause the test suite to be stopped when in failfast mode, even in the absence of failures. - Issue #22638: SSLv3 is now disabled throughout the standard library. It can still be enabled by instantiating a SSLContext manually. - Issue #22370: Windows detection in pathlib is now more robust. - Issue #22841: Reject coroutines in asyncio add_signal_handler(). - Issue #22838: All test_re tests now work with unittest test discovery. - Issue #21514: The documentation of the json module now refers to new JSON RFC 7159 instead of obsoleted RFC 4627. - Issue #22314: pydoc now works when the LINES environment variable is set. - IDLE updates. * Fix byte-code removal for the __phello__ module (mismatching source and byte-code file name). Closes: #769769. * Let ensurepip use a temporary location for the copy of the wheels. Remove the ad-hoc /usr/lib/python-wheels location on package purge. Let python3.4-venv break python3-pip (<< 1.5.6-4). Closes: #769449. * Don't pass default compiler search directories in the pkgconfig file. Closes: #770936. * Don't run pyexpat.test_exception as an autopkg test, requires a source file. * Allow building and testing without SSLv3 support (Kurt Roeckx). Addresses: #768611. * Fix issue 22966, when byte compiling, keep the base name of a file containing dots. Closes: #769769. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 02 Dec 2014 14:39:00 +0100 python3.4 (3.4.2-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Repackage the upstream source without the bundled ensurepip wheels (using package format 3.0 (quilt)). * Update to 20141112 from the 3.4 branch. - Issue #19524: Fixed resource leak in the HTTP connection when an invalid response is received. - Issue #22216: smtplib now resets its state more completely after a quit. The most obvious consequence of the previous behavior was a STARTTLS failure during a connect/starttls/quit/connect/starttls sequence. - Issue #22185: Fix an occasional RuntimeError in threading.Condition.wait() caused by mutation of the waiters queue without holding the lock. - Issue #22182: Use e.args to unpack exceptions correctly in distutils.file_util.move_file. - The webbrowser module now uses subprocess's start_new_session=True rather than a potentially risky preexec_fn=os.setsid call. - Issue #22191: Fix warnings.__all__. - Issue #8797: Raise HTTPError on failed Basic Authentication immediately. - Issue #21166: Prevent possible segfaults and other random failures of python --generate-posix-vars in pybuilddir.txt build target. - Idle changes: - Issue #17390: Adjust Editor window title; remove 'Python', move version to end. - Issue #14105: Idle debugger breakpoints no longer disappear when inseting or deleting lines. - Issue #17172: Turtledemo can now be run from Idle. - Issue #22236: Tkinter tests now don't reuse default root window. New root window is created for every test class. - Tk changes: - Issue #22226: First letter no longer is stripped from the "status" key in the result of Treeview.heading(). - Issue #22051: turtledemo no longer reloads examples to re-run them. Initialization of variables and gui setup should be done in main(), which is called each time a demo is run, but not on import. - Issue #21933: Turtledemo users can change the code font size with a menu selection or control(command) '-' or '+' or control-mousewheel. - Issue #21597: The separator between the turtledemo text pane and the drawing canvas can now be grabbed and dragged with a mouse. The code text pane can be widened to easily view or copy the full width of the text. The canvas can be widened on small screens. - Issue #18132: Turtledemo buttons no longer disappear when the window is shrunk. - Issue #22236: Fixed Tkinter images copying operations in NoDefaultRoot mode. * Fix maintainer scripts for byte-code removal. Closes: #769079. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 13 Nov 2014 04:33:52 +0100 python3.4 (3.4.2-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4.2 release. * Refresh patches. * Bump standards version to 3.9.6. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 08 Oct 2014 11:25:34 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.2~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4.2 release candidate 1. * Update to 20140930 from the 3.4 branch. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 30 Sep 2014 01:51:50 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-11) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140910 from the 3.4 branch. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 10 Sep 2014 20:21:04 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-10) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140818 from the 3.4 branch. * Build-depend on dpkg-dev (>= 1.17.11). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 18 Aug 2014 10:00:55 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-9) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140810 from the 3.4 branch. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 10 Aug 2014 14:53:46 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-8) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140726 from the 3.4 branch. * Move turtledemo from libpython3.4-testsuite to python3.4-examples. * Call dpkg -L in the maintainer scripts with an architecture qualifier for M-A: same packages. Closes: #754914. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 26 Jul 2014 14:16:56 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-7) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140706 from the 3.4 branch. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 06 Jul 2014 21:37:36 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-6) unstable; urgency=medium * Fix logic to disable running the pystone benchmark on KFreeBSD (Steven Chamberlain). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 09 Jun 2014 12:06:18 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-5) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140608 from the 3.4 branch. * Disable running the pystone benchmark on KFreeBSD. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 08 Jun 2014 11:43:44 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Disable running the pybench benchmark on KFreeBSD. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 07 Jun 2014 14:01:35 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140605 from the 3.4 branch. - pull in pyvenv changes. * Update the ensurepip-wheels patch (Barry Warsaw). * Fix python3.4-venv package removal. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 05 Jun 2014 11:57:51 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140603 from the 3.4 branch. * Remove the __pycache__ directories on libpython3.4-testsuite package removal. Closes: #749999. * In the autopkg tests, set HOME to the temporary home directory after the su call. * In the autopkg tests, make $ADTTMP accessible to the su user, and re-enable the test_site autopkg test. * Don't try to access the pip module in ensurepip, when the wheels are not available. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 03 Jun 2014 23:58:48 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4.1 release. * Set a temporary home directory for the build and the autopkg tests. * Fix issue #17752, test_distutils failures in the installed location. * Update pydoc_data/topics.py, broken in the release candidate. * Run again the test_code_module test in the autopkg tests. * Fix issue #21264, test_compileall test failures in the installed location. Re-enable in autopkg tests. LP: #1264554. * ensurepip and pyvenv: - Split out a python3.4-venv package, include the pyvenv-3.4 binary and the ensurepip package. - Adjust the ensurepip patch so that the wheels are installed from the universal wheel packages (Barry Warsaw). - Let ensurepip read wheel dependencies from a file shipped in the -whl packages. - Remove any version check on required pip and setuptools versions. These are handled within these packages if necessary. * Re-enable the pgo build. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 21 May 2014 22:17:32 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.1~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4.1 release candidate 1. * Don't run test_code_module in the autopkg test environment, fails there but succeeds during the build. See issue #17756. Applied workaround for the test case. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 05 May 2014 16:10:23 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.0+20140427-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140427 from the 3.4 branch. * Fix dependency for the -testsuite package: Closes: #745879. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 27 Apr 2014 18:48:54 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.0+20140425-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140425 from the 3.4 branch. * Don't try to byte-compile bad syntax files in the testsuite. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 25 Apr 2014 13:52:11 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.0+20140417-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140417 from the 3.4 branch. - Fix the test_site test failure. * Repackage as a new tarball and remove the wheels shipped with ensurepip. * Re-enable running some tests, disable some tests: - Re-enable test_platform, test_subprocess, test_code_module, test_pydoc, - Fix a distutils test error, skip a Solaris distutils test error. - Skip the test_platform encoding test, failing with the lsb-release patch. - Skip tests which are failing with python3.4.zip removed from sys.path. Tracked in issue #21249. * Byte-compile the files in the libpython3.4-testsuite package. * d/p/distutils-install-layout.diff, d/p/site-locations.diff: Adjust the "am I in a virtual environment" tests to include checking sys.base_prefix != sys.prefix. This is the definitive such test for pyvenv created virtual environments (Barry Warsaw). * Disallow running ensurepip with the system python, when not used in a virtual environment (Barry Warsaw). * Don't yet install the ensurepip module, requires further work. ensurepip wants to install bundled modules setuptools and python-pip, which should be built from the distro packages instead of using the bundled code. * python3.4-dbg: Add a python3.4-dbg.py symlink. * Remove the linecache patch, not needed anymore in 3.4. * Remove the disable-utimes patch, not needed anymore since glibc-2.4. * Remove the statvfs-f_flag-constants, avoid-rpath, hurd-path_max, kfreebsd-xattrs, freebsd-testsuite and ncurses-configure patches applied upstream. * Don't add runtime paths for libraries found in multiarch locations. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 17 Apr 2014 21:05:04 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.0-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20140407 from the 3.4 branch. - Issue #21134: Fix segfault when str is called on an uninitialized UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError, or UnicodeTranslateError object. - Issue #19537: Fix PyUnicode_DATA() alignment under m68k. - Issue #21155: asyncio.EventLoop.create_unix_server() now raises a ValueError if path and sock are specified at the same time. - Issue #21149: Improved thread-safety in logging cleanup during interpreter shutdown. - Issue #20145: `assertRaisesRegex` and `assertWarnsRegex` now raise a TypeError if the second argument is not a string or compiled regex. - Issue #21058: Fix a leak of file descriptor in :func:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile`, close the file descriptor if :func:`io.open` fails. - Issue #21013: Enhance ssl.create_default_context() when used for server side sockets to provide better security by default. - Issue #20633: Replace relative import by absolute import. - Issue #20980: Stop wrapping exception when using ThreadPool. - Issue #21082: In os.makedirs, do not set the process-wide umask. Note this changes behavior of makedirs when exist_ok=True. - Issue #20990: Fix issues found by pyflakes for multiprocessing. - Issue #21015: SSL contexts will now automatically select an elliptic curve for ECDH key exchange on OpenSSL 1.0.2 and later, and otherwise default to "prime256v1". - Issue #20816: Fix inspect.getcallargs() to raise correct TypeError for missing keyword-only arguments. - Issue #20817: Fix inspect.getcallargs() to fail correctly if more than 3 arguments are missing. - Issue #6676: Ensure a meaningful exception is raised when attempting to parse more than one XML document per pyexpat xmlparser instance. - Issue #20942: PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject() no longer sets __file__ to match what importlib does; this affects _frozen_importlib as well as any module loaded using imp.init_frozen(). - Documentation, tools, demo and test updates. * Depend on the python3-tk packages in the autopkg tests. * Fix LTO builds with GCC 4.9. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 07 Apr 2014 11:46:02 +0200 python3.4 (3.4.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4.0 release. * Update to 20140322 from the 3.4 branch. * Build without ffi on or1k. Addresses: #738519. * Update autopkg tests (Martin Pitt): - Don't fail if apport is not installed. - Call su with explicit shell, as nobody has nologin as default shell now. - Only use $SUDO_USER if that user actually exists in the testbed. - Drop obsolete chowning of $TMPDIR and $ADTTMP; with current autopkgtest $TMPDIR has appropriate permissions, and $ADTTMP is not being used. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 22 Mar 2014 13:39:34 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~rc2-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4 release candidate 2. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 24 Feb 2014 10:40:55 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4 release candidate 1. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 11 Feb 2014 13:38:50 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b3-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4 beta 3. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 27 Jan 2014 10:54:10 +0000 python3.4 (3.4~b2-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.4 beta 2. * Configure --with-system-libmpdec. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 05 Jan 2014 23:34:17 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b1-5ubuntu2) trusty; urgency=medium * Disable the test_dbm autopkg test, failing from time to time ... -- Matthias Klose Fri, 03 Jan 2014 02:25:31 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b1-5ubuntu1) trusty; urgency=medium * Build for Tcl/Tk 8.6. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 02 Jan 2014 18:05:27 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b1-5) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20131231 from the trunk. - Fix issue #20070, don't run test_urllib2net when network resources are not enabled. * Move the _sitebuiltins module into libpython3.4-minimal. * distutils: On installation with --install-layout=deb, rename extensions to include the multiarch tag. Renaming of extensions for python3.4 is currently not done by dh-python. See Debian #733128. * autopkg tests: - Update debian/tests/control to refer to python3.4. - Generate locales for running the autopkg tests. - Disable some currently failing autopkg tests. LP: #1264554. - Disable test_compileall for the autopkg tests, fails only there. * Don't run test_faulthandler on Aarch64, hangs on the buildds. See LP: #1264354. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 31 Dec 2013 13:29:08 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b1-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20131225 from the trunk. * Fix python3.4--config --configdir. Closes: #733050. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 25 Dec 2013 21:56:04 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b1-3) experimental; urgency=medium * Update to 20131221 from the trunk. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 21 Dec 2013 15:20:38 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b1-2) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20131202 from the trunk. * Fix dbg symbols file for i386. * Don't provide python3.4-dbm, available in a separate package. * (Build-)depend on net-tools, test_uuid requires ifconfig. * Fix distutils.sysconfig.get_makefile_filename(). * Move operator module to the -minimal package. Closes: #731100. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 02 Dec 2013 14:36:44 +0100 python3.4 (3.4~b1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.4 beta 1. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 24 Nov 2013 23:21:49 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.3-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20131123 from the 3.3 branch. * Update hurd-path_max.diff. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 23 Nov 2013 08:57:21 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.3-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.3.3 release. * Update to 20131119 from the 3.3 branch. * Regenerate the patches. * Update the symbols files. * Fix test support when the running kernel doesn't handle port reuse. * libpython3.3-minimal replaces libpython3.3-stdlib (<< 3.2.3-7). Closes: #725240. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 19 Nov 2013 08:46:55 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.2-7) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20130918 from the 3.3 branch. * Update symbols file. * Fail the build if extensions for the minimal package are not in the libpython-minimal package. Closes: #723624. * Fix indentation in regenerated platform-lsbrelease.diff (Dmitry Shachnev). LP: #1220508. * Point to the python3-tk (instead of the python-tk) package when missing. LP: #1184082. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 18 Sep 2013 12:19:47 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.2-6) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20130917 from the 3.3 branch. - Fix SSL module to handle NULL bytes inside subjectAltNames general names (CVE-2013-4238). Closes: #719567. * Don't run the curses autopkg test. * Set Multi-Arch attributes for binary packages. * Fix multiarch include header for sparc64. Closes: #714802. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 17 Sep 2013 15:12:00 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.2-5) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20130803 from the 3.3 branch. - Fix fcntl test case on KFreeBSD (Petr Salinger). * Disable some socket tests on KFreeBSD (Petr Salinger). * Fix multiarch include header for sparc64. Closes: #714802. * Update package descriptions (Filipus Klutiero). Closes: #715801. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 04 Aug 2013 17:38:35 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.2-4) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20130612 from the 3.3 branch. * Refresh patches. * Don't run consistency check for cross builds. * Really skip byte compile of non-existing sitecustomize.py. * Fix the multiarch header file for mips64 (YunQiang Su). Closes: #710374. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 12 Jun 2013 22:55:02 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.2-3) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20130527 from the 3.3 branch. - Fix #17980, possible abuse of ssl.match_hostname() for denial of service using certificates with many wildcards (CVE-2013-2099). Closes: #708530. * Disable the test_io test on armel, armhf, mips, mipsel. Hangs the buildds. * Don't try to byte-compile sitecustomize.py if the target of the symlink doesn't exist anymore. Addresses: #709157. * Fix directory removal in maintainer scripts. Closes: #709963. * Handle byte compilation in python3.3{-minimal,}, byte removal in libpython3.3{-minimal,-stdlib}. * Backport patch to fix issue #13146, possible race conditions when writing .pyc/.pyo files in py_compile.py (Barry Warsaw). LP: #1058884. * Mark all _Py_dg_* symbols as optional on m68k. Closes: #709888. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 27 May 2013 20:44:03 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.2-2) unstable; urgency=high * Fix the multiarch header file for ppc64. Closes: #708646. * Disable running the tests on kfreebsd and the hurd. Please follow-up in #708652 and #708653. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 17 May 2013 23:16:04 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.3.2 release. * Fix sysconfig.get_makefile_name() for the multiarch location. * Set the platinclude dir back to the non-multiarch include path, where the multiarch pyconfig.h compatibility header is found. * Remove obsolete profile-doc patch. * Run the pgo profile task in batches to avoid crashes during the pgo profile run. * Don't set yet any Multi-Arch: attributes in Debian. * Build a libpython3.3-testsuite package. * Add autopkg tests to run the installed testsuite in normal and debug mode. * Re-enable running the tests during the build. * Add pyconfig.h compatibility headers. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 15 May 2013 19:41:15 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.1-1ubuntu5) raring; urgency=low * Remove obsolete profile-doc patch. * Run the pgo profile task in batches to avoid crashes during the pgo profile run. * Disable the lto build on armhf for now. * Final (?) set of autopkg test fixes. * Issue #17012: shutil.which() no longer fallbacks to the PATH environment. variable if empty path argument is specified. * Issue #17782: Fix undefined behaviour on platforms where ``struct timespec``'s "tv_nsec" member is not a C long. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 17 Apr 2013 23:35:49 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.1-1ubuntu4) raring; urgency=low * Don't run the test suite in random order. * More autopkg test fixes. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 17 Apr 2013 13:33:00 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.1-1ubuntu3) raring; urgency=low * Fix sysconfig.get_makefile_name() for the multiarch location. * Set the platinclude dir back to the non-multiarch include path, where the multiarch pyconfig.h compatibility header is found. * Fix autopkg tests. * More autopkgtest fixes (Jean-Baptiste Lallement): - redirect stderr of command 'stop apport' to /dev/null. output to stderr is an error for adt. - script.py waits for child to exit and exit with child's return code. - xpickle is not a valid value for option -u of regrtest.py. Removed it LP: #1169150. * Issue #17754, setting LANG and LC_ALL for the compiler call in ctypes/util. * Issue #17761, platform._parse_release_file doesn't close the /etc/lsb-release file, and doesn't know about 'Ubuntu'. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 16 Apr 2013 17:33:35 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.1-1ubuntu2) raring; urgency=low * Idle updates: - Issue #17657: Show full Tk version in IDLE's about dialog. - Issue #17613: Prevent traceback when removing syntax colorizer. - Issue #1207589: Backwards-compatibility patch for right-click menu. - Issue #16887: Now accepts Cancel in tabify/untabify dialog box. - Issue #17625: Close the replace dialog after it is used. - Issue #14254: Now handles readline correctly across shell restarts. - Issue #17614: No longer raises exception when quickly closing a file. - Issue #6698: Now opens just an editor window when configured to do so. - Issue #8900: Using keyboard shortcuts in IDLE to open a file no longer raises an exception. - Issue #6649: Fixed missing exit status. * Build a libpython3.3-testsuite package. LP: #301629. * Add autopkg tests to run the installed testsuite in normal and debug mode. * Re-enable running the tests during the build. * Add pyconfig.h compatibility headers. LP: #1094246. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 10 Apr 2013 23:05:23 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.1-1ubuntu1) raring; urgency=low * Merge with Debian; remaining changes: - Build-depend on python3:any instead of python3. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 06 Apr 2013 16:21:34 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.3.1 release. * Call python with -E -S for the byte compilation. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 06 Apr 2013 15:12:07 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.1~rc1-2) experimental; urgency=low * Fix byte-compiliation/-removal for the split-out library packages. LP: #1160944. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 30 Mar 2013 13:36:40 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.1~rc1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.1 release candidate 1. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 26 Mar 2013 10:45:37 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-12) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20130306 from the 3.3 branch. * Remove the HAVE_FSYNC configure workaround, not needed for 3.3. * Remove the python3 manual symlink (now shipped upstream by default). Closes: #701051. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 06 Mar 2013 16:38:41 +0800 python3.3 (3.3.0-11) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20130220 from the 3.3 branch. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 20 Feb 2013 15:40:05 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-10) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20130126 from the 3.3 branch. * Update hurd patches. * python3.3-dbg, libpython3.3-dbg: Drop dependency on python. * python3.3-dbg: Make gdb (not gdb-minimal) a recommendation. * Git rid of build-dependency on python. * Add site-packages in virtual environments created by pyvenv. Closes: #698777. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 26 Jan 2013 12:17:05 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-9) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20130125 from the 3.3 branch. * Update cross build patches, and allow the package to cross build. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 25 Jan 2013 17:06:25 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-8) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20130105 from the 3.3 branch. * python-config --help returns with an exit value 0. LP: #1093860. * Update package description for the -dbg packages. Closes: #696616. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 05 Jan 2013 18:39:32 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-7) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20121220 from the 3.3 branch. * debian/patches/sys-multiarch.diff: Expose multiarch triplet value as sys.implementation._multiarch (Barry Warsaw). Closes: #695959. Note: Usage of sysconfig.get_config_var('MULTIARCH') is preferred. * Set the install schema to `unix_prefix', if a virtual environment is detected (VIRTUAL_ENV env var present). Closes: #695758. * python3.3-dev, libpython3.3-dev: Drop the dependency on libssl-dev. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 21 Dec 2012 07:24:41 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-6) experimental; urgency=low * Don't use xattrs on kfreebsd and the Hurd. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 04 Dec 2012 04:36:42 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-5) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20121203 from the 3.3 branch. * Make python3.3, python3.3-{minimal,dev,dbg} Multi-Arch: allowed. * Use a shell implementation for the python-config script. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 03 Dec 2012 21:52:33 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-4) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20121128 from the 3.3 branch. * Don't link extensions with the shared libpython library. * Override pointless lintian warning `hardening-no-fortify-functions' for binaries built without optimization. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 28 Nov 2012 13:47:16 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-3) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20121106 from the 3.3 branch. * Filter-out cflags for profiled builds from _sysconfigdata. * Fix multiarch plat-linux installation. LP: #1075891. * Install _sysconfigdata.py from the shared builds. LP: #1075903. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 07 Nov 2012 14:31:02 +0100 python3.3 (3.3.0-2) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20121021 from the 3.3 branch. * Fix the interpreter name for the python3.3-dbg-config script. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 21 Oct 2012 09:51:05 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 release. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 29 Sep 2012 12:59:24 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~rc3-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 release candidate 3. * Don't try to write lib2to3's pickled grammar files. Closes: #687200. * Fix python-config manpage symlink. Closes: #687201. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 24 Sep 2012 16:22:17 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~rc2-2ubuntu1) quantal; urgency=low * Encode the version in the devhelp documentation name. LP: #787039. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 10 Sep 2012 12:56:13 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~rc2-2) experimental; urgency=low * Fix typo fixing the pkgconfig file. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 10 Sep 2012 11:13:51 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~rc2-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 release candidate 2. * Add the platform include dir to pkgconfig's CFlags. * Hint on installing the python-gdbm package on failing _gdbm import. LP: #995616. * libpython3.3: Fix libpython3.3.so symlink. Closes: #686377. * Don't use `-n' anymore to start idle in the desktop/menu files. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 09 Sep 2012 13:38:55 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~rc1-2) experimental; urgency=low * distutils: Add the multiarch python path to the include directories. Closes: #685041. * Remove /etc/python3.3 in libpython3.3-minimal instead of python3.3-minimal. Closes: #681979. * Remove /etc/python/sysconfig.cfg, not available anymore in python3.3. Closes: #685016. * Don't ship the _gdbm and _tkinter extensions in the -dbg package. Closes: #685261. * Fix verbose parallel builds for the sharedmods target. * Don't install the pickled lib2to3 grammar files. Closes: #685214. * Build extensions with fortify flags. * Overwrite arch-dependent-file-not-in-arch-specific-directory warnings. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 28 Aug 2012 19:47:58 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~rc1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 release candidate 1. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 26 Aug 2012 23:15:00 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~b2-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 beta2 release. * Fix removal of the _tkinter and dbm extensions for multiarch builds. Closes: #684461. * Use _sysconfigdata.py in distutils to initialize distutils. Closes: #682475. * Fix symlink for static libpython. Closes: #684608. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 13 Aug 2012 11:05:00 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~b1-3) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20120712 from the trunk. * Install separate _sysconfigdata.py for normal and debug builds. * Install into multiarch locations. * Split out multiarch packages libpython3.3-{minimal,stdlib,dev,dbg}. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 13 Jul 2012 00:43:42 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~b1-2) experimental; urgency=low * Update to 20120701 from the trunk. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 01 Jul 2012 11:45:12 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~b1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 beta1 release. * Fix symlink for the -gdb.py file. * debian/copyright: Add libmpdec license. * Enable fortified build. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 27 Jun 2012 08:44:56 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~a4-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 alpha4 release. * Update to 20120620 from the trunk. * Build _ctypes as an extension, not a builtin. * Mark symbols defined in the _ctypes extension as optional. * Remove references to the removed pyton3.3-documenting file. * The wininst-* files cannot be built within Debian from the included sources, needing a zlib mingw build, which the zlib maintainer isn't going to provide. * Use the underscore.js file provided by the libjs-underscore package. * Let pydoc handle dist-packages the same as site-packages. * Avoid runtime path for the sqlite extension. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 20 Jun 2012 13:09:19 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~a3-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 alpha3 release. * Build the dbm extension using db5.3. * Update symbols file for a3. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 02 May 2012 23:28:46 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~a2-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 alpha2 release. * Update to 20120404 from the trunk. * Build-depend on expat (>= 2.1). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 04 Apr 2012 16:31:34 +0200 python3.3 (3.3.0~a1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.3.0 alpha1 release. * Update to 20120321 from the trunk. * Update debian/copyright. * Build-depend on expat (>= 2.1~). -- Matthias Klose Thu, 22 Mar 2012 06:14:01 +0100 python3.3 (3.3~20120109-1) experimental; urgency=low * 3.3 20120109 snapshot from the trunk. * Merge packaging from python3.2 3.2.2-4. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 08 Jan 2012 09:44:33 +0100 python3.3 (3.3~20110523-1) experimental; urgency=low * Initial Python 3.3 packaging. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 23 May 2011 09:20:52 +0200 python3.2 (3.2.2-4) unstable; urgency=low * The static library belongs into the -dev package. * Remove obsolete attributes in the control file. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 07 Jan 2012 20:46:39 +0100 python3.2 (3.2.2-3) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20120106 from the 3.2 branch. * Install manual pages for 2to3 and python-config. * Fix file permission of token.py module. * Add the ability to build an python3.x udeb, as copy of the python3.x-minimal package (Colin Watson). * Overwrite some lintian warnings: - The -dbg interpreters are not unusual. - The -gdb.py files don't need a python dependency. - lintian can't handle a whatis entry starting with one word on the line. * Fix test failures related to distutils debian installation layout. * Update symbols files. * Add build-arch/build-indep targets. * Regenerate Setup and Makefiles after correcting Setup.local. * profiled-build.diff: Pass PY_CFLAGS instead of CFLAGS for the profiled build. * Pass dpkg-buildflags to the build process, and build third party extensions with these flags. * Add support to build using -flto (and -g1) on some architectures. * Disable pgo builds for some architectures (for now, keep just amd64 armel armhf i386 powerpc ppc64). * Build-depend on libgdbm-dev to build and run the gdbm tests. * Build-depend on xvfb to run the tkinter tests. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 06 Jan 2012 20:10:13 +0100 python3.2 (3.2.2-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update platform patches (alpha, hppa, mips, sparc). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 02 Dec 2011 10:24:05 +0100 python3.2 (3.2.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.2.2 release. * Update to 20111201 from the 3.2 branch. * Search headers in /usr/include/ncursesw for the curses/panel extensions. * New patch, ctypes-arm, allow for ",hard-float" after libc6 in ldconfig -p output (Loic Minier). LP: #898172. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 01 Dec 2011 13:19:16 +0100 python3.2 (3.2.2~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.2.2 release candidate 1. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 14 Aug 2011 20:25:35 +0200 python3.2 (3.2.1-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20110803 from the 3.2 branch. * Revert previous change to treat Linux 3.x as Linux 2. Use the plat-linux3 directory instead. * Use linux-any for some build dependencies. Closes: #634310. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 03 Aug 2011 15:16:05 +0200 python3.2 (3.2.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 3.2.1 release. * Update lib-argparse patch (Pino Toscano). Closes: #631635. * Treat Linux 3.x as Linux 2. Closes: #633015. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 10 Jul 2011 21:46:36 +0200 python3.2 (3.2.1~rc2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.2.1 release candidate 2. * Add profile/pstats to the python3.2 package, update debian copyright. * Don't run the benchmark on hurd-i386. * Disable threading tests on hurd-i386. Closes: #631634. * Don't add the bsddb multilib path, if already in the standard lib path. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 04 Jul 2011 20:27:52 +0200 python3.2 (3.2.1~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.2.1 release candidate 1. * Only enable sphinx-0.x patches when building with sphinx-0.x. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 18 May 2011 12:15:47 +0200 python3.2 (3.2-4) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20110504 from the 3.2 branch. * Disable the profiled build on ia64 and m68k. * Update symbols file for m68k (Thorsten Glaser). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 04 May 2011 21:32:08 +0200 python3.2 (3.2-3) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20110427 from the 3.2 branch. - Fix argparse import. Closes: #624277. * Keep the ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2 module constant , just raise an exception when trying to create a PySSL object. #624127. * Don't depend on the locale and specific awk implementations in prerm. Closes: #623466, #620836. * Remove the old local site directory. Closes: #623057. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 27 Apr 2011 20:40:29 +0200 python3.2 (3.2-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20110419 from the 3.2 branch. * Re-enable profile-guided builds. * Build without OpenSSL v2 support. Closes: #622004. * Force linking the curses module against libncursesw. Closes: #622064. * Re-enable running the testsuite during the build. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 19 Apr 2011 17:54:36 +0200 python3.2 (3.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.2 final release. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 20 Feb 2011 19:22:24 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~rc3-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 release candidate 3. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 14 Feb 2011 16:12:14 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~rc1-2) experimental; urgency=low * Fix upgrade of the python3.2-dev package. Closes: #610370. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 19 Jan 2011 02:21:19 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~rc1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 release candidate 1. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 16 Jan 2011 22:17:09 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~b2-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 beta2 release. * Fix FTBFS on hurd-i386 (Pino Toscano). Closes: #606152). -- Matthias Klose Tue, 21 Dec 2010 21:23:21 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~b1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 beta1 release. * Configure with --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 06 Dec 2010 12:19:09 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~a4-2) experimental; urgency=low * Fix build failure on the hurd. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 26 Nov 2010 06:38:41 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~a4-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 alpha4 release. * Update to the py3k branch (20101124). * Move the Makefile into the -min package, required by sysconfig. Addresses: #603237. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 24 Nov 2010 22:20:32 +0100 python3.2 (3.2~a3-2) experimental; urgency=low * Update to the py3k branch (20101018). - Issue #10094: Use versioned .so files on GNU/kfreeBSD and the GNU Hurd. Closes: #600183. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 18 Oct 2010 19:34:39 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a3-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 alpha3 release. * Make Lib/plat-gnukfreebsd[78] ready for python3. Closes: #597874. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 12 Oct 2010 16:13:15 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a2-7) experimental; urgency=low * Update to the py3k branch (20100926). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 26 Sep 2010 14:41:18 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a2-6) experimental; urgency=low * Update to the py3k branch (20100919). * Update GNU/Hurd patches (Pino Toscano). Closes: #597320. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 19 Sep 2010 12:45:14 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a2-5) experimental; urgency=low * Update to the py3k branch (20100916). * Provide Lib/plat-gnukfreebsd[78] (Jakub Wilk). Addresses: #593818. * Assume working semaphores, don't rely on running kernel for the check. LP: #630511. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 16 Sep 2010 14:41:58 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a2-4) experimental; urgency=low * Update to the py3k branch (20100911). * Add the sysconfig module to python3.2-minimal. * Remove dist-packages/README. * Make xargs --show-limits in the maintainer scripts independent from the locale. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 11 Sep 2010 20:59:47 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a2-3) experimental; urgency=low * Update to the py3k branch (20100910). * Disable profile feedback based optimization on armel. * Add copyright information for expat, libffi and zlib. Sources for the wininst-* files are in PC/bdist_wininst. Closes: #596276. * Run the testsuite in parallel, when parallel= is set in DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 10 Sep 2010 20:28:16 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a2-2) experimental; urgency=low * Fix distutils.sysconfig.get_makefile_name for debug builds. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 09 Sep 2010 02:40:11 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a2-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 alpha2 release. * Update to the py3k branch (20100908). * Provide /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages as location for public python packages. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 08 Sep 2010 17:36:06 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~a1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.2 alpha1 release. - Files removed: Lib/profile.py, Lib/pstats.py, PC/icons/source.xar. * Update to the py3k branch (20100827). * Fix detection of ffi.h header file. Closes: #591408. * python3.1-dev: Depend on libssl-dev. LP: #611845. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 27 Aug 2010 21:40:31 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~~20100707-0ubuntu1) maverick; urgency=low * Move the pkgconfig file into the -dev package. * Update preremoval scripts for __pycache__ layout. * Run hooks from /usr/share/python3/runtime.d/ * Update distutils-install-layout and debug-build patches. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 07 Jul 2010 12:38:52 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~~20100706-0ubuntu1) maverick; urgency=low * Test build, taken from the py3k branch (20100706). * Merge with the python3.1 packaging. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 06 Jul 2010 17:10:51 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~~20100704-0ubuntu1) maverick; urgency=low * Test build, taken from the py3k branch (20100704). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 04 Jul 2010 16:04:45 +0200 python3.2 (3.2~~20100421-0ubuntu1) lucid; urgency=low * Test build, taken from the py3k branch (20100421). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 21 Apr 2010 22:04:14 +0200 python3.1 (3.1.2+20100703-1) unstable; urgency=low * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20100703. * Convert internal dpatch system to quilt. * Update module list for python3-minimal. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 03 Jul 2010 14:18:18 +0200 python3.1 (3.1.2-3) unstable; urgency=low * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20100508. * Fix backport of issue #8140. Closes: #578896. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 08 May 2010 15:37:35 +0200 python3.1 (3.1.2-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20100421. * Update patch for issue #8032, gdb7 hooks for debugging. * Fix issue #8233: When run as a script, py_compile.py optionally takes a single argument `-`. * Don't build-depend on locales on avr32. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 21 Apr 2010 21:12:37 +0200 python3.1 (3.1.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.1.2 release. * Fix issue #4961: Inconsistent/wrong result of askyesno function in tkMessageBox with Tcl8.5. LP: #462950. * Don't complain when /usr/local is not writable on installation. * Apply proposed patch for issue #8032, gdb7 hooks for debugging. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:59:49 +0100 python3.1 (3.1.2~rc1-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20100316. * Backport issue #8140: Extend compileall to compile single files. Add -i option. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 16 Mar 2010 02:38:45 +0100 python3.1 (3.1.2~rc1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 3.1.2 release candidate 1. - Replace the Monty Python audio test file. Closes: #568676. * Build using libdb4.8-dev. Only used for the dbm extension; the bsddb3 extension isn't built from the core packages anymore. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 11 Mar 2010 17:26:17 +0100 python3.1 (3.1.1-3) unstable; urgency=low * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20100119. * Hurd fixes (Pino Toscano): - hurd-broken-poll.dpatch: ported from 2.5. - hurd-disable-nonworking-constants.dpatch: disable a few constants from the public API whose C counterparts are not implemented, so using them either always blocks or always fails (caused issues in the test suite). - hurd-path_max.dpatch (hurd only): change few PATH_MAX occurrences to MAXPATHLEN (which is defined by the python lib if not defined by the OS). - cthreads.dpatch: Refresh. - Exclude the profiled build for hurd. - Disable six blocking tests from the test suite. * Don't run the testsuite on armel and hppa until someone figures out the blocking tests. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 19 Jan 2010 22:02:14 +0100 python3.1 (3.1.1-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20100116. * Fix bashism in makesetup shell script. Closes: #530170, #530171. * Fix build issues on avr (Bradley Smith). Closes: #528439. - Configure --without-ffi. - Don't run lengthly tests. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 16 Jan 2010 23:28:05 +0100 python3.1 (3.1.1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.1.1 final release. * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20091011. * Remove /usr/local/lib/python3.1 on package removal, if empty. * Build _hashlib as a builtin. LP: #445530. * python3.1-doc: Don't compress the sphinx inventory. * python3.1-doc: Fix jquery.js symlink. LP: #447370. * Run the benchmark with -C 2 -n 5 -w 4 on all architectures. * python3.1-dbg: Don't create debug subdirectory in /usr/local. No separate debug directory needed anymore. * Fix title of devhelp document. LP: #423551. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 11 Oct 2009 22:01:57 +0200 python3.1 (3.1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.1 final release. * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20090723. * Add explicit build dependency on tk8.5-dev. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 23 Jul 2009 15:20:35 +0200 python3.1 (3.1-0ubuntu2) karmic; urgency=low * Disable profile feedback based optimization on amd64 (GCC PR gcov-profile/38292). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 24 Jul 2009 16:27:22 +0200 python3.1 (3.1-0ubuntu1) karmic; urgency=low * Python 3.1 final release. * Update to the 3.1 release branch, 20090723. * Add explicit build dependency on tk8.5-dev. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 23 Jul 2009 18:52:17 +0200 python3.1 (3.1~rc2+20090622-1) experimental; urgency=low [Matthias Klose] * Python 3.1 rc2 release. Closes: #529320. * Update to the trunk, 20090622, remove patches integrated upstream. * Configure with --with-fpectl --with-dbmliborder=bdb --with-wide-unicode. NOTE: The --with-wide-unicode configuration will break most extensions built with 3.1~a1, but is consistent with python2.x configurations. * Add symbols files for libpython3.1 and python3.1-dbg, don't include symbols from builtins, which can either be built as builtins or extensions. * Keep an empty lib-dynload in python3.1-minimal to avoid a warning on startup. * python3.1-doc: Depend on libjs-jquery, use jquery.js from this package. Closes: #523485. * Do not add /usr/lib/pythonXY.zip on sys.path. * Add symbols files for libpython3.1 and python3.1-dbg, don't include symbols from builtins, which can either be built as builtins or extensions. * Keep an empty lib-dynload in python3.1-minimal to avoid a warning on startup. * Fix some lintian warnings. * Use the information in /etc/lsb-release for platform.dist(). LP: #196526. * Move the bdist_wininst files into the -dev package (only needed to build windows installers). * Document changes to the site directory name in the installation manual. * Don't build a profiled binary. Closes: #521811. * Address issues when working with PYTHONUSERBASE and non standard prefix (pointed out by Larry Hastings): - distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib(): Only return ".../dist-packages" if prefix is the default prefix and if PYTHONUSERBASE is not set in the environment. - site.addusersitepackages(): Add USER_BASE/.../dist-packages to sys.path. * Always use the `unix_prefix' scheme for setup.py install in a virtualenv setup. LP: #339904. * Don't make the setup.py install options --install-layout=deb and --prefix conflict with each other. * distutils: Always install into `/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages' if an option `--prefix=/usr/local' is present (except for virtualenv and PYTHONUSERBASE installations). LP: #362570. * Always use `site-packages' as site directory name in virtualenv. [Marc Deslauriers] * debian/pyhtml2devhelp.py: update for sphinx generated documentation. * debian/rules: re-enable documentation files for devhelp. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 22 Jun 2009 16:18:39 +0200 python3.1 (3.1~a1+20090322-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 3.1 alpha1 release. * Update to the trunk, 20090322. * Update installation schemes: LP: #338395. - When the --prefix option is used for setup.py install, Use the `unix_prefix' scheme. - Use the `deb_system' scheme if --install-layout=deb is specified. - Use the the `unix_local' scheme if neither --install-layout=deb nor --prefix is specified. * Use the information in /etc/lsb-release for platform.dist(). LP: #196526. * pydoc: Fix detection of local documentation files. * Build a shared library configured --with-pydebug. LP: #322580. * Fix some lintian warnings. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 23 Mar 2009 00:01:27 +0100 python3.1 (3.1~~20090226-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python-3.1 snapshot (20090226), upload to experimental. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 26 Feb 2009 16:18:41 +0100 python3.1 (3.1~~20090222-0ubuntu1) jaunty; urgency=low * Python-3.1 snapshot (20090222). * Build the _dbm extension using the Berkeley DB backend. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 22 Feb 2009 12:58:58 +0100 python3.0 (3.0.1-0ubuntu4) jaunty; urgency=low * Don't build-depend on locales on sparc. Currently not installable. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 22 Feb 2009 12:48:38 +0100 python3.0 (3.0.1-0ubuntu3) jaunty; urgency=low * Update to 20090222 from the release30-maint branch. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 22 Feb 2009 11:09:58 +0100 python3.0 (3.0.1-0ubuntu2) jaunty; urgency=low * Allow docs to be built with Sphinx 0.5.x. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 17 Feb 2009 12:58:02 +0100 python3.0 (3.0.1-0ubuntu1) jaunty; urgency=low * New upstream version. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 16 Feb 2009 17:18:23 +0100 python3.0 (3.0-0ubuntu2) jaunty; urgency=low * Update to 20090213 from the release30-maint branch. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 13 Feb 2009 15:49:12 +0100 python3.0 (3.0-0ubuntu1) jaunty; urgency=low * Final Python-3.0 release. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 04 Dec 2008 09:00:09 +0100 python3.0 (3.0~rc3-0ubuntu4) jaunty; urgency=low * Update to 20081127 from the py3k branch. * Ensure that all extensions from the -minimal package are statically linked into the interpreter. LP: #301597. * Include expat, _elementtree, datetime in -minimal to link these extensions statically. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 27 Nov 2008 08:49:02 +0100 python3.0 (3.0~rc3-0ubuntu3) jaunty; urgency=low * Ignore errors when running the profile task. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:50:17 +0100 python3.0 (3.0~rc3-0ubuntu2) jaunty; urgency=low * Don't run test_ioctl on the buildd, before the buildd chroot is fixed: Unable to open /dev/tty. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:28:02 +0100 python3.0 (3.0~rc3-0ubuntu1) jaunty; urgency=low * Update to the python-3.0 release candidate 3. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 23 Nov 2008 13:14:20 +0100 python3.0 (3.0~rc1+20081027-0ubuntu1) intrepid; urgency=low * Update to 20081027 from the py3k branch. LP: #279227. * Fix typos and section names in doc-base files. LP: #273344. * Build a new package libpython3.0. * For locally installed packages, create a directory /usr/local/lib/python3.0/dist-packages. This is the default for installations done with distutils and setuptools. Third party stuff packaged within the distribution goes to /usr/lib/python3.0/dist-packages. There is no /usr/lib/python3.0/site-packages in the file system and on sys.path. No package within the distribution must not install anything in this location. * distutils: Add an option --install-layout=deb, which - installs into $prefix/dist-packages instead of $prefix/site-packages. - doesn't encode the python version into the egg name. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 27 Oct 2008 23:38:42 +0100 python3.0 (3.0~b3+20080915-0ubuntu1) intrepid; urgency=low * Update to 20080915 from the py3k branch. * Build gdbm -- Matthias Klose Mon, 15 Sep 2008 23:56:44 +0200 python3.0 (3.0~b3-0ubuntu1~ppa1) intrepid; urgency=low * Python 3.0 beta3 release. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 24 Aug 2008 03:49:26 +0200 python3.0 (3.0~b2-0ubuntu1~ppa1) intrepid; urgency=low * Python 3.0 beta2 release. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 07 Aug 2008 14:57:02 +0000 python3.0 (3.0~b1-0ubuntu1~ppa1) intrepid; urgency=low * Python 3.0 beta1 release. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 15 Jul 2008 16:10:52 +0200 python3.0 (3.0~a5+0530-0ubuntu1) intrepid; urgency=low * Update to snapshot taken from the py3k branch. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 29 May 2008 15:50:55 +0200 python3.0 (3.0~a1-0ubuntu2) gutsy; urgency=low * Disable running the benchmark. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 31 Aug 2007 23:22:34 +0000 python3.0 (3.0~a1-0ubuntu1) gutsy; urgency=low * First Python-3.0 alpha release. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 31 Aug 2007 21:26:21 +0200 python2.6 (2.6~alpha~pre1-~0ubuntu1~ppa1) gutsy; urgency=low * Snapshot build, an "how to use tilde in version numbers" upload. * SVN 20070831. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 31 Aug 2007 15:56:09 +0200 python2.5 (2.5.2-4) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20080427, taken from the 2.5 release branch. - Fix issues #2670, #2682. * Disable running pybench on the hppa buildd (ftbfs). * Allow setting BASECFLAGS, OPT and EXTRA_LDFLAGS (like, CC, CXX, CPP, CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, CCSHARED, LDSHARED) from the environment. * Support parallel= in DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS (see #209008). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 27 Apr 2008 10:40:51 +0200 python2.5 (2.5.2-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20080416, taken from the 2.5 release branch. - Fix CVE-2008-1721, integer signedness error in the zlib extension module. - Fix urllib2 file descriptor happens byte-at-a-time, reverting a fix for excessively large memory allocations when calling .read() on a socket object wrapped with makefile(). * Disable some regression tests on some architectures: - arm: test_compiler, test_ctypes. - armel: test_compiler. - hppa: test_fork1, test_wait3. - m68k: test_bsddb3, test_compiler. * Build-depend on libffi-dev instead of libffi4-dev. * Fix CVE-2008-1679, integer overflows in the imageop module. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 16 Apr 2008 23:37:46 +0200 python2.5 (2.5.2-2) unstable; urgency=low * Use site.addsitedir() to add directories in /usr/local to sys.path. Addresses: #469157, #469818. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 08 Mar 2008 16:11:23 +0100 python2.5 (2.5.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.5.2 release. * Merge from Ubuntu: - Move site customization into sitecustomize.py, don't make site.py a config file. Addresses: #309719, #413172, #457361. - Move site.py to python2.4-minimal, remove `addbuilddir' from site.py, which is unnecessary for installed builds. - python2.5-dev: Recommend libc-dev instead of suggesting it. LP: #164909. - Fix issue 961805, Tk Text.edit_modified() fails. LP: #84720. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 28 Feb 2008 23:18:52 +0100 python2.5 (2.5.1-7) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20080209, taken from the 2.5 release branch. * Build the _bsddb extension with db-4.5 again; 4.6 is seriously broken when used with the _bsddb extension. * Do not run pybench on arm and armel. * python2.5: Provide python2.5-wsgiref. * Fix a pseudo RC report with duplicated attributes in the control file. Closes: #464307. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 10 Feb 2008 00:22:57 +0100 python2.5 (2.5.1-6) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20080102, taken from the 2.5 release branch. - Only define _BSD_SOURCE on OpenBSD systems. Closes: #455400. * Fix handling of packages in linecache.py (Kevin Goodsell). LP: #70902. * Bump debhelper to v5. * Register binfmt for .py[co] files. * Use absolute paths when byte-compiling files. Addresses: #453346. Closes: #413566, LP: #177722. * CVE-2007-4965, http://bugs.python.org/issue1179: Multiple integer overflows in the imageop module in Python 2.5.1 and earlier allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly obtain sensitive information (memory contents) via crafted arguments to (1) the tovideo method, and unspecified other vectors related to (2) imageop.c, (3) rbgimgmodule.c, and other files, which trigger heap-based buffer overflows. Patch prepared by Stephan Herrmann. Closes: #443333, LP: #163845. * Register info docs when doing source only uploads. LP: #174786. * Remove deprecated value from categories in desktop file. LP: #172874. * python2.5-dbg: Don't include the gdbm and _tkinter extensions, now provided in separate packages. * Provide a symlink changelog -> NEWS. Closes: #439271. * Fix build failure on hurd, working around poll() on systems on which it returns an error on invalid FDs. Closes: #438914. * Configure --with-system-ffi on all architectures. Closes: #448520. * Fix version numbers in copyright and README files (Dan O'Huiginn). Closes: #446682. * Move some documents from python2.5 to python2.5-dev. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 02 Jan 2008 22:22:19 +0100 python2.5 (2.5.1-5) unstable; urgency=low * Build the _bsddb extension with db-4.6. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 17 Aug 2007 00:39:35 +0200 python2.5 (2.5.1-4) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20070813, taken from the 2.5 release branch. * Include plat-mac/plistlib.py (plat-mac is not in sys.path by default. Closes: #435826. * Use emacs22 to build the documentation in info format. Closes: #434969. * Build-depend on db-dev (>= 4.6). Closes: #434965. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 13 Aug 2007 22:22:44 +0200 python2.5 (2.5.1-3) unstable; urgency=high * Support mixed-endian IEEE floating point, as found in the ARM old-ABI (Aurelien Jarno). Closes: #434905. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 27 Jul 2007 20:01:35 +0200 python2.5 (2.5.1-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to 20070717, taken from the 2.5 release branch. * Fix reference count for sys.pydebug variable. Addresses: #431393. * Build depend on libbluetooth-dev instead of libbluetooth2-dev. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 17 Jul 2007 14:09:47 +0200 python2.5 (2.5.1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python-2.5.1 release. * Build-depend on gcc-4.1 (>= 4.1.2-4) on alpha, powerpc, s390, sparc. * Merge from Ubuntu: - Add debian/patches/subprocess-eintr-safety.dpatch (LP: #87292): - Create and use wrappers around read(), write(), and os.waitpid() in the subprocess module which retry the operation on an EINTR (which happens if e. g. an alarm was raised while the system call was in progress). It is incredibly hard and inconvenient to sensibly handle this in applications, so let's fix this at the right level. - Patch based on original proposal of Peter <85>strand in http://python.org/sf/1068268. - Add two test cases. - Change the interpreter to build and install python extensions built with the python-dbg interpreter with a different name into the same path (by appending `_d' to the extension name). The debug build of the interpreter tries to first load a foo_d.so or foomodule_d.so extension, then tries again with the normal name. - When trying to import the profile and pstats modules, don't exit, add a hint to the exception pointing to the python-profiler package, don't exit. - Keep the module version in the .egg-info name, only remove the python version. - python2.5-dbg: Install Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt, document the debug changes in README.debug. * Update to 20070425, taken from the 2.5 release branch. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 25 Apr 2007 22:12:50 +0200 python2.5 (2.5-6) unstable; urgency=medium * webbrowser.py: Recognize other browsers: www-browser, x-www-browser, iceweasel, iceape. * Move pyconfig.h from the python2.5-dev into the python2.5 package; required by builds for pure python modules without having python2.5-dev installed (matching the functionality in python2.4). * Move the unicodedata module into python2.5-minimal; allows byte compilation of UTF8 encoded files. * Do not install anymore outdated debhelper sample scripts. * Install Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt as python2.5-dbg document. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 21 Feb 2007 01:17:12 +0100 python2.5 (2.5-5) unstable; urgency=high * Do not run the python benchmark on m68k. Timer problems. Fixes FTBFS on m68k. * Update to 20061209, taken from the 2.5 release branch. - Fixes building the library reference in info format. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 9 Dec 2006 13:40:48 +0100 python2.5 (2.5-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20061203, taken from the 2.5 release branch. - Fixes build failures on knetfreebsd and the hurd. Closes: #397000. * Clarify README about distutils. Closes: #396394. * Move python2.5-config to python2.5-dev. Closes: #401451. * Cleanup build-conflicts. Addresses: #394512. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 3 Dec 2006 18:22:49 +0100 python2.5 (2.5-3.1) unstable; urgency=low * Non-maintainer upload. * python2.5-minimal depends on python-minimal (>= 2.4.4-1) because it's the first version which lists python2.5 as an unsupported runtime (ie a runtime that is available but for which modules are not auto-compiled). And being listed there is required for python-central to accept the installation of python2.5-minimal. Closes: #397006 -- Raphael Hertzog Wed, 22 Nov 2006 15:41:06 +0100 python2.5 (2.5-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20061029 (2.4.4 was released on 20061019), taken from the 2.5 release branch. We do not want to have regressions in 2.5 compared to the 2.4.4 release. * Don't run pybench on m68k, fails in the calibration loop. Closes: #391030. * Run the installation/removal hooks. Closes: #383292, #391036. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 29 Oct 2006 11:35:19 +0100 python2.5 (2.5-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to 20061003, taken from the 2.5 release branch. * On arm and m68k, don't run the pybench in debug mode. * Fix building the source within exec_prefix (Alexander Wirt). Closes: #385336. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 3 Oct 2006 10:08:36 +0200 python2.5 (2.5-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.5 release. * Update to 20060926, taken from the 2.5 release branch. * Run the Python benchmark during the build, compare the results of the static and shared builds. * Fix invalid html in python2.5.devhelp.gz. * Add a python2.5 console entry to the menu (hidden by default). * python2.5: Suggest python-profiler. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 26 Sep 2006 02:36:11 +0200 python2.5 (2.5~c1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.5 release candidate 1. * Update to trunk 20060818. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 19 Aug 2006 19:21:05 +0200 python2.5 (2.5~b3-1) unstable; urgency=low * Build the _ctypes module for m68k-linux. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 11 Aug 2006 18:19:19 +0000 python2.5 (2.5~b3-0ubuntu1) edgy; urgency=low * Python 2.5 beta3 release. * Update to trunk 20060811. * Rebuild the documentation. * Fix value of sys.exec_prefix in the debug build. * Do not build the library reference in info format; fails to build. * Link the interpreter against the shared runtime library. With gcc-4.1 the difference in the pystones benchmark dropped from about 12% to about 6%. * Install the statically linked version of the interpreter as python2.5-static for now. * Link the shared libpython with -O1. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 10 Aug 2006 14:04:48 +0000 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5b2-3) unstable; urgency=low * Disable the testsuite on s390; don't care about "minimally configured" buildd's. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 23 Jul 2006 11:45:03 +0200 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5b2-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update to trunk 20060722. * Merge idle-lib from idle-python2.5 into python2.5. * Merge lib-tk from python-tk into python2.5. * Tkinter.py: Suggest installation of python-tk package on failed import of the _tkinter extension. * Don't run the testsuite for the debug build on alpha. * Don't run the test_compiler test on m68k. Just takes too long. * Disable building ctypes on m68k (requires support for closures). -- Matthias Klose Sat, 22 Jul 2006 22:26:42 +0200 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5b2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.5 beta2 release. * Update to trunk 20060716. * When built on a buildd, do not run the following test which try to access the network: test_codecmaps_cn, test_codecmaps_hk, test_codecmaps_jp, test_codecmaps_kr, test_codecmaps_tw, test_normalization. * When built on a buildd, do not run tests requiring missing write permissions: test_ossaudiodev. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 16 Jul 2006 02:53:50 +0000 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5b2-0ubuntu1) edgy; urgency=low * Python 2.5 beta2 release. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:16:52 +0000 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5b1-1ubuntu2) edgy; urgency=low * Fix python-dev dependencies. * Update to trunk 20060709. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 9 Jul 2006 18:50:32 +0200 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5b1-1ubuntu1) edgy; urgency=low * Python 2.5 beta1 release. * Update to trunk 20060623. * Merge changes from the python2.4 packages. * python2.5-minimal: Add _struct. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 23 Jun 2006 16:04:46 +0200 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5a1-1) experimental; urgency=low * Update to trunk 20060409. * Run testsuite for debug build as well. * Build-depend on gcc-4.1. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 9 Apr 2006 22:27:05 +0200 python2.5 (2.4.3+2.5a1-0ubuntu1) dapper; urgency=low * Python 2.5 alpha1 release. * Drop integrated patches. * Add build dependencies on libsqlite3-dev and libffi4-dev. * Add (build-)dependency on mime-support, libgpmg1 (test suite). * Build using the system FFI. * python2.5 provides python2.5-ctypes and python2.5-pysqlite2, python2.5-elementtree. * Move hashlib.py to python-minimal. * Lib/hotshot/pstats.py: Error out on missing profile/pstats modules. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 5 Apr 2006 14:56:15 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-8ubuntu1) edgy; urgency=low * Resynchronize with Debian unstable. Remaining changes: - Apply langpack-gettext patch. - diff.gz contains pregenerated html and info docs. - Build the -doc package from this source. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 22 Jun 2006 18:39:57 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-8) unstable; urgency=low * Remove python2.4's dependency on python-central. On installation of the runtime, call hooks /usr/share/python/runtime.d/*.rtinstall. On removal, call hooks /usr/share/python/runtime.d/*.rtremove. Addresses: #372658. * Call the rtinstall hooks only, if it's a new installation, or the first installation using the hooks. Adresses: #373677. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 18 Jun 2006 00:56:13 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-7) unstable; urgency=medium * Reupload, depend on python-central (>= 0.4.15). * Add build-conflict on python-xml. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 14 Jun 2006 18:56:57 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-6) medium; urgency=low * idle-python2.4: Remove the old postinst and prerm scripts. * Name the runtime correctly in python2.4-minimal's installation scripts. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 12 Jun 2006 17:39:56 +0000 python2.4 (2.4.3-5) unstable; urgency=low * python2.4-prerm: Handle the case, when python-central is not installed. * idle-python2.4: Depend on python-tk instead of python2.4-tk. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 9 Jun 2006 05:17:17 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-4) unstable; urgency=low * SVN update up to 2006-06-07 * Use python-central. * Don't build the -tk and -gdbm packages from this source; now built from the python-stdlib-extensions source. * Remove leftover build dependency on libgmp3-dev. * Do not build-depend on libbluetooth1-dev and libgpmg1-dev on hurd-i386, kfreebsd-i386, kfreebsd-amd64. Closes: #365830. * Do not run the test_tcl test; hangs for unknown reasons on at least the following buildds: vivaldi(m68k), goedel (alpha), mayer (mipsel). And no virtual package to file bug reports for the buildds ... Closes: #364419. * Move the Makefile from python2.4-dev to python2.4. Closes: #366473. * Fix typo in pdb(1). Closes: #365772. * New autoconf likes the mandir in /usr/share instead of /usr; work with both locations. Closes: #367618. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 7 Jun 2006 21:37:20 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-3) unstable; urgency=low * SVN update up to 2006-04-21 * Update locale aliases from /usr/share/X11/locale/locale.alias. * Start idle with option -n from the desktop menu, so that the program can be started in parallel. * Testsuite related changes only: - Add build dependencies mime-support, libgpmg1 (needed by test cases). - Run the testsuite with bsddb, audio and curses resources enabled. - Re-run the failed tests in verbose mode. - Run the test suite for the debug build as well. - Build depend on netbase, needed by test_socketmodule. - Build depend on libgpmg1, needed by test_curses. - On the buildds do not run the tests needing the network resource. * Update python logo. * Check for the availability of the profile and pstats modules when importing hotshot.pstats. Closes: #334067. * Don't build the -doc package from the python2.4 source. * Set OPT in the installed Makefile to -O2. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 21 Apr 2006 19:58:43 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-2) unstable; urgency=low * Add (build-)dependency on mime-support. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 4 Apr 2006 22:21:41 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.4.3 release. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 30 Mar 2006 23:42:37 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.3-0ubuntu1) dapper; urgency=low * Python 2.4.3 release. - Fixed a bug that the gb18030 codec raises RuntimeError on encoding surrogate pair area on UCS4 build. Ubuntu: #29289. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 30 Mar 2006 10:57:32 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.2+2.4.3c1-0ubuntu1) dapper; urgency=low * SVN update up to 2006-03-25 (2.4.3 candidate 1). - Regenerate the documentation. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 27 Mar 2006 12:03:05 +0000 python2.4 (2.4.2-1ubuntu3) dapper; urgency=low * SVN update up to 2006-03-04 - Regenerate the documentation. - map.mmap(-1, size, ...) can return anonymous memory again on Unix. Ubuntu #26201. * Build-depend on libncursesw5-dev, ncursesw5 is preferred for linking. Provides UTF-8 compliant curses bindings. * Fix difflib where certain patterns of differences were making difflib touch the recursion limit. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 4 Mar 2006 21:38:24 +0000 python2.4 (2.4.2-1ubuntu2) dapper; urgency=low * SVN update up to 2006-01-17 - pwd is now a builtin module, remove it from python-minimal. - Regenerate the documentation. * python2.4-tk: Suggest tix instead of tix8.1. * Move config/Makefile from the -dev package into the runtime package to be able to use the bdist_wininst distutils command. Closes: #348335. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 17 Jan 2006 11:02:24 +0000 python2.4 (2.4.2-1ubuntu1) dapper; urgency=low * Temporarily remove build dependency on lsb-release. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 20 Nov 2005 17:40:18 +0100 python2.4 (2.4.2-1build1) dapper; urgency=low * Rebuild (openssl-0.9.8). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 20 Nov 2005 15:27:24 +0000 python2.4 (2.4.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.4.2 release. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 29 Sep 2005 01:49:28 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1+2.4.2rc1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.4.2 release candidate 1. * Fix "Fatal Python error" from cStringIO's writelines. Patch by Andrew Bennetts. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 22 Sep 2005 10:33:22 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-5) unstable; urgency=low * CVS update up to 2005-09-14 - Regenerate the html and info docs. * Add some more locale aliases. * Fix substitution pf python version in README.python2.4-minimal. Closes: #327487. * On m68k, build using -O2 (closes: #326903). * On Debian, don't configure --with-fpectl, which stopped working with glibc-2.3.5. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 14 Sep 2005 17:32:56 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-4) unstable; urgency=low * CVS update up to 2005-09-04 - teTeX 3.0 related fixes (closes: #322407). - Regenerate the html and info docs. * Add entry for IDLE in the Gnome menus. * Don't build-depend on libbluetooth-dev on the Hurd (closes: #307037). * Reenable the cthreads patch for the Hurd (closes: #307052). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 4 Sep 2005 18:31:42 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-3) unstable; urgency=low * Synchronise with Ubuntu: - Build a python2.4-minimal package. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 12 Jul 2005 00:23:10 +0000 python2.4 (2.4.1-2ubuntu3) breezy; urgency=low * CVS update up to 2005-07-07 * Regenerate the documentation. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 7 Jul 2005 09:21:28 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-2ubuntu2) breezy; urgency=low * CVS update up to 2005-06-15 * Regenerate the documentation. * Synchronize with Debian. Ubuntu 10485. * idle-python2.4 enhances python2.4. Ubuntu 11562. * README.Debian: Fix reference to the doc directory (closes: #311677). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 15 Jun 2005 08:56:57 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-2ubuntu1) breezy; urgency=low * Update build dependencies: db4.2-dev -> db4.3-dev, libreadline4-dev -> libreadline5-dev. * python2.4-dev: Add missing templates to generate HTML docs. Ubuntu 11531. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 29 May 2005 00:01:05 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-2) unstable; urgency=low * Add the debug symbols for the python2.4, python2.4-gdbm and python2.4-tk packages to the python2.4-dbg package. * Add gdbinit example to doc directory. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 5 May 2005 11:12:32 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-1ubuntu2) breezy; urgency=low * Add the debug symbols for the python2.4, python2.4-minimal, python2.4-gdbm and python2.4-tk packages to the python2.4-dbg package. Ubuntu 10261, * Add gdbinit example to doc directory. * For os.utime, use utimes(2), correctly working with glibc-2.3.5. Ubuntu 10294. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 5 May 2005 09:06:07 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-1ubuntu1) breezy; urgency=low * Reupload as 2.4.1-1ubuntu1. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 14 Apr 2005 10:46:32 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.4.1 release. * Fix noise in python-doc installation/removal. * New Python section for the info docs. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 30 Mar 2005 19:42:03 +0200 python2.4 (2.4.1-0) hoary; urgency=low * Python 2.4.1 release. * Fix noise in python-doc installation/removal. * New Python section for the info docs. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 30 Mar 2005 16:35:34 +0200 python2.4 (2.4+2.4.1rc2-2) unstable; urgency=low * Add the valgrind support file to /etc/python2.4 * Build the -dbg package with -DPy_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER. * Lib/locale.py: - correctly parse LANGUAGE as a colon separated list of languages. - prefer LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LANG over LANGUAGE to get the correct encoding. - Don't map 'utf8', 'utf-8' to 'utf', which is not a known encoding for glibc. * Fix two typos in python(1). Addresses: #300124. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 19 Mar 2005 21:50:14 +0100 python2.4 (2.4+2.4.1rc2-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.4.1 release candidate 2. * Build-depend on libbluetooth1-dev. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 19 Mar 2005 00:57:14 +0100 python2.4 (2.4dfsg-2) unstable; urgency=low * CVS update up to 2005-03-03 -- Matthias Klose Thu, 3 Mar 2005 22:22:16 +0100 python2.4 (2.4dfsg-1ubuntu4) hoary; urgency=medium * Move exception finalisation later in the shutdown process - this fixes the crash seen in bug #1165761, taken from CVS. * codecs.StreamReader: Reset codec when seeking. Ubuntu #6972. * Apply fix for SF1124295, fixing an obscure bit of Zope's security machinery. * distutils: Don't add standard library dirs to library_dirs and runtime_library_dirs. On amd64, runtime paths pointing to /usr/lib64 aren't recognized by dpkg-shlibdeps, and the packages containing these libraries aren't added to ${shlibs:Depends}. * Lib/locale.py: - correctly parse LANGUAGE as a colon separated list of languages. - prefer LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LANG over LANGUAGE to get the correct encoding. - Don't map 'utf8', 'utf-8' to 'utf', which is not a known encoding for glibc. * os.py: Avoid using items() in environ.update(). Fixes #1124513. * Python/pythonrun.c: * Build depend on locales, generate the locales needed for the testsuite. * Add build dependency on libbluetooth1-dev, adding some bluetooth functionality to the socket module. * Lib/test/test_sundry.py: Don't fail on import of profile & pstats, which are separated out to the python-profiler package. * Fix typos in manpage. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 29 Mar 2005 13:35:53 +0200 python2.4 (2.4dfsg-1ubuntu3) hoary; urgency=low * debian/patches/langpack-gettext.dpatch: - langpack support for python-gettext added -- Michael Vogt Tue, 1 Mar 2005 13:13:36 +0100 python2.4 (2.4dfsg-1ubuntu2) hoary; urgency=low * Revert 'essential' status on python2.4-minimal. This status on on python-minimal is sufficient (Ubuntu #6392). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 9 Feb 2005 23:09:42 +0100 python2.4 (2.4dfsg-1ubuntu1) hoary; urgency=low * Resyncronise with Debian. * Mark the python2.4-minimal package as 'essential'. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 9 Feb 2005 13:31:09 +0100 python2.4 (2.4dfsg-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Add licenses and acknowledgements for incorporated software in the debian/copyright file (addresses: #293932). * Replace md5 implementation with one having a DFSG conforming license. * Remove the profile.py and pstats.py modules from the source package, not having a DFSG conforming license. The modules can be found in the python2.x-profile package in the non-free section. Addresses: #293932. * Add missing norwegian locales (Tollef Fog Heen). * CVS updates of the release24-maint branch upto 2005-02-08 (date of the Python 2.3.5 release). -- Matthias Klose Tue, 8 Feb 2005 19:13:10 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-7ubuntu1) hoary; urgency=low * Fix the name of the python-dbg man page. * Resyncronise with Debian. * Move more modules to -minimal (new code in copy.py requires these): dis, inspect, opcode, token, tokenize. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 8 Feb 2005 19:13:10 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-7) unstable; urgency=medium * Add licenses and acknowledgements for incorporated software in the debian/copyright file (addresses: #293932). * Replace md5 implementation with one having a DFSG conforming license. * Add missing norwegian locales (Tollef Fog Heen). * CVS updates of the release24-maint branch upto 2005-02-08 (date of the Python 2.3.5 release). -- Matthias Klose Tue, 8 Feb 2005 19:13:10 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-6) unstable; urgency=low * Build a python2.4-dbg package using --with-pydebug. Add a debug directory /lib-dynload/debug to sys.path instead of /lib-dynload und install the extension modules of the debug build in this directory. Change the module load path to load extension modules from other site-packages/debug directories (for further details see the README in the python2.4-dbg package). Closes: #5415. * Apply the pydebug-path patch. The package was already built in -5. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 4 Feb 2005 22:15:13 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-5) unstable; urgency=high * Fix a flaw in SimpleXMLRPCServerthat can affect any XML-RPC servers. This affects any programs have been written that allow remote untrusted users to do unrestricted traversal and can allow them to access or change function internals using the im_* and func_* attributes. References: CAN-2005-0089. * CVS updates of the release24-maint branch upto 2005-02-04. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 4 Feb 2005 08:12:10 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Update debian/copyright to the 2.4 license text (closes: #290898). * Remove /usr/bin/smtpd.py (closes: #291049). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 17 Jan 2005 23:54:37 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-3ubuntu6) hoary; urgency=low * Use old-style dpatches instead of dpatch-run. -- Tollef Fog Heen Mon, 7 Feb 2005 15:58:05 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-3ubuntu5) hoary; urgency=low * Actually apply the patch as well (add to list of patches in debian/rules) -- Tollef Fog Heen Sun, 6 Feb 2005 15:12:58 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-3ubuntu4) hoary; urgency=low * Add nb_NO and nn_NO locales to Lib/locale.py -- Tollef Fog Heen Sun, 6 Feb 2005 14:33:05 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-3ubuntu3) hoary; urgency=low * Fix a flaw in SimpleXMLRPCServerthat can affect any XML-RPC servers. This affects any programs have been written that allow remote untrusted users to do unrestricted traversal and can allow them to access or change function internals using the im_* and func_* attributes. References: CAN-2005-0089. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 2 Feb 2005 09:08:20 +0000 python2.4 (2.4-3ubuntu2) hoary; urgency=low * Build a python2.4-dbg package using --with-pydebug. Add a debug directory /lib-dynload/debug to sys.path instead of /lib-dynload und install the extension modules of the debug build in this directory. Change the module load path to load extension modules from other site-packages/debug directories (for further details see the README in the python2.4-dbg package). Closes: #5415. * Update debian/copyright to the 2.4 license text (closes: #290898). * Add operator and copy to the -minimal package. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 17 Jan 2005 23:19:47 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-3ubuntu1) hoary; urgency=low * Resynchronise with Debian. * python2.4: Depend on the very same version of python2.4-minimal. * Docment, that time.strptime currently cannot be used, if the python-minimal package is installed without the python package. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 9 Jan 2005 19:35:48 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Build the fpectl module. * Updated to CVS release24-maint 20050107. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 8 Jan 2005 19:05:21 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-2ubuntu5) hoary; urgency=low * Updated to CVS release24-maint 20050102. * python-minimal: - os.py: Use dict instead of UserDict, remove UserDict from -minimal. - add pickle, threading, needed for subprocess module. - optparse.py: conditionally import gettext, if not available, define _ as the identity function. Patch taken from the trunk. Avoids import of _locale, locale, gettext, copy, repr, itertools, collections, token, tokenize. - Add a build check to make sure that the minimal module list is closed under dependency. * Fix lintian warnings. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 2 Jan 2005 22:00:14 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-2ubuntu4) hoary; urgency=low * Add UserDict.py to the -minimal package, since os.py needs it. -- Colin Watson Thu, 30 Dec 2004 20:41:28 +0000 python2.4 (2.4-2ubuntu3) hoary; urgency=low * Add os.py and traceback.py to the -minimal package, get the list of modules from the README. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 27 Dec 2004 08:20:45 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-2ubuntu2) hoary; urgency=low * Add compileall.py and py_compile.py to the -minimal package, not just to the README ... -- Matthias Klose Sat, 25 Dec 2004 22:24:56 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-2ubuntu1) hoary; urgency=low * Separate the interpreter and a minimal subset of modules into a python2.4-minimal package. See the README.Debian.gz in this package. * Move site.py to python2.4-minimal as well. * Add documentation files for devhelp. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 19 Dec 2004 22:47:32 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Updated patch for #283108. Thanks to Jim Meyering. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 3 Dec 2004 17:00:16 +0100 python2.4 (2.4-1) unstable; urgency=low * Final 2.4 release. * Flush stdout/stderr if closed (SF #1074011). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 1 Dec 2004 07:54:34 +0100 python2.4 (2.3.97-2) unstable; urgency=low * Don't run test_tcl, hanging on the buildds. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 19 Nov 2004 23:48:42 +0100 python2.4 (2.3.97-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.4 Release Candidate 1. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 19 Nov 2004 21:27:02 +0100 python2.4 (2.3.96-1) experimental; urgency=low * Updated to CVS release24-maint 20041113. * Build the docs in info format again. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 13 Nov 2004 21:21:10 +0100 python2.4 (2.3.95-2) experimental; urgency=low * Move distutils package from the python2.4-dev into the python2.4 package. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 11 Nov 2004 22:56:14 +0100 python2.4 (2.3.95-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 2.4 beta2 release. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 4 Nov 2004 23:43:47 +0100 python2.4 (2.3.94-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 2.4 beta1 release. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 16 Oct 2004 08:33:57 +0200 python2.4 (2.3.93-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 2.4 alpha3 release. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 3 Sep 2004 21:53:47 +0200 python2.4 (2.3.92-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 2.4 alpha2 release. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 5 Aug 2004 23:53:18 +0200 python2.4 (2.3.91-1) experimental; urgency=low * Python 2.4 alpha1 release. Highlights: http://www.python.org/2.4/highlights.html -- Matthias Klose Fri, 9 Jul 2004 17:38:54 +0200 python2.4 (2.3.90-1) experimental; urgency=low * Package HEAD branch (pre alpha ..). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 14 Jun 2004 23:19:57 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.4-1) unstable; urgency=medium * Final Python 2.3.4 Release. * In the API docs, fix signature of PyModule_AddIntConstant (closes: #250826). * locale.getdefaultlocale: don't fail with empty environment variables. Closes: #249816. * Include distutils/command/wininst.exe in -dev package (closes: #249006). * Disable cthreads on the Hurd (Michael Banck). Closes: #247211. * Add a note to pygettext(1), that this program is deprecated in favour of xgettext, which now includes support for Python as well. Closes: #246332. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 28 May 2004 22:59:42 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.3.91-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3.4 Release Candidate 1. * Do not use the default namespace for attributes. Patch taken from the 2.3 maintenance branch. The xmllib module is obsolete. Use xml.sax instead. * http://python.org/sf/945642 - fix nonblocking i/o with ssl socket. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 13 May 2004 21:24:52 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.3-7) unstable; urgency=low * Add a workaround for GNU libc nl_langinfo()'s returning NULL. Closes: #239237. Patch taken from 2.3 maintenance branch. * threading.py: Remove calls to currentThread() in _Condition methods that were side-effect. Side-effects were deemed unnecessary and were causing problems at shutdown time when threads were catching exceptions at start time and then triggering exceptions trying to call currentThread() after gc'ed. Masked the initial exception which was deemed bad. Closes: #195812. * Properly support normalization of empty unicode strings. Closes: #239986. Patch taken from 2.3 maintenance branch. * README.maintainers: Add section where to find the documentation tools. * Fix crash in pyexpat module (closes: #229281). * For the Hurd, set the interpreters recursion limit to 930. * Do not try to byte-compile the test files on installation; this currently breaks the Hurd install. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 1 May 2004 07:50:46 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.3-6) unstable; urgency=low * Don't build the unversioned python{,-*} packages anymore. Now built from the python-defaults package. * Update to the proposed python-policy: byte-compile using -E. * Remove python-elisp's dependency on emacs20 (closes: #232785). * Don't build python-elisp from the python2.3 source anymore, get it from python-mode.sf.net as a separate source package. * python2.3-dev suggests libc-dev (closes: #231091). * get LDSHARED and CCSHARED (like, CC, CXX, CPP, CFLAGS) from the environment * Set CXX in installed config/Makefile (closes: #230273). -- Matthias Klose Tue, 24 Feb 2004 07:07:51 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.3-5) unstable; urgency=low * Build-depend on libdb4.2-dev, instead of libdb4.1-dev. According to the docs the file format is compatible. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 12 Jan 2004 10:37:45 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.3-4) unstable; urgency=low * Fix broken _bsddb module. setup.py picked up the wrong library. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 4 Jan 2004 11:30:00 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.3-3) unstable; urgency=low * Fix typo in patch (closes: #224797, #226064). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 4 Jan 2004 09:23:21 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.3-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Lib/email/Charset: use locale unaware function to lower case of locale name (closes: #224797). * Update python-mode to version from python-mode.sf.net. Fixes highlighting problems (closes: #223520). * Backport from mainline: Add IPV6_ socket options from RFCs 3493 and 3542. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 2 Jan 2004 14:03:26 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.3-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream release. * Copy the templates, tools and scripts from the Doc dir in the source to /usr/share/lib/python2.3/doc in the python2.3-dev package. Needed for packages building documentation like python does (closes: #207337). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 19 Dec 2003 10:57:39 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.2.91-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version (2.3.3 release candidate). * Update python-mode.el (closes: #158811, #159630). Closing unreproducible report (closes: #159628). -- Matthias Klose Sat, 6 Dec 2003 14:41:14 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.2-7) unstable; urgency=low * Put the conflict in the correct direction. python2.3 (2.3.2-6) doesn't conflict with python (<= 2.3.2-5) but python (2.3.2-6) conflicts with python2.3 (<= 2.3.2-5) (thanks to Brian May). Really closes #221791. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 21 Nov 2003 00:20:02 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.2-6) unstable; urgency=low * Add conflicts with older python{,2.3} packages to fix overwrite errors (closes: #221791). -- Matthias Klose Thu, 20 Nov 2003 07:24:36 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.2-5) unstable; urgency=low * Updated to CVS release23-maint 20031119. * Re-upgrade the dependency of python2.3 on python (>= 2.3) to a dependency (closes: #221523). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 19 Nov 2003 00:30:27 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.2-4) unstable; urgency=low * Don't build-depend on latex2html (moved to non-free), but keep the prebuilt docs in debian/patches (closes: #221347). * Fix typos in the library reference (closes: #220510, #220954). * Fix typo in python-elisp's autoloading code (closes: #220308). * Update proposed python policy: private modules can be installed into /usr/lib/ (arch dependent) and into /usr/share/ (arch independent). -- Matthias Klose Tue, 18 Nov 2003 00:41:39 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.2-3) unstable; urgency=low * Downgrade the dependency of python2.3 on python (>= 2.3) to a recommendation. * Fix path to interpreter in binfmt file. * Fix segfault in unicodedata module (closes: #218697). * Adjust python-elisp autoload code (closes: #219821). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 9 Nov 2003 19:43:37 +0100 python2.3 (2.3.2-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Fix broken doc link (closes: #214217). * Disable wrongly detected large file support for GNU/Hurd. * Really fix the FTBFS for the binary-indep target (closes: #214303). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 6 Oct 2003 07:54:58 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version. * Fix a FTBFS for the binary-indep target. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 4 Oct 2003 10:20:15 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.1-3) unstable; urgency=low * Fix names of codec packages in recommends. * On alpha compile using -mieee (see #212912). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 28 Sep 2003 10:48:12 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.1-2) unstable; urgency=low * Update python policy draft (closes: #128911, #163785). * Re-add os.fsync function (closes: #212672). * Let python2.3-doc conflict with older python2.3 versions (closes: #211882). * Add recommends for pythonX.Y-japanese-codecs, pythonX.Y-iconvcodec, pythonX.Y-cjkcodecs, pythonX.Y-korean-codecs (closes: #207161). * Generate binfmt file (closes: #208005). * Add IPPROTO_IPV6 option to the socketmodule (closes: #206569). * Bugs reported against python2.2 and fixed in python2.3: - Crashes in idle (closes: #186887, #200084). -- Matthias Klose Sat, 27 Sep 2003 11:21:47 +0200 python2.3 (2.3.1-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version (bug fix release). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 24 Sep 2003 11:27:43 +0200 python2.3 (2.3-4) unstable; urgency=high * Disable check for utimes function, which is broken in glibc-2.3.2. Packages using distutils had '1970/01/01-01:00:01' timestamps in files. * Bugs fixed by making python2.3 the default python version: - Canvas.scan_dragto() takes a 3rd optional parmeter "gain". Closes: #158168. - New command line parsing module (closes: #38628). - compileall.py allows compiling single files (closes: #139971). * Bugs reported for 2.2 and fixed in 2.3: - Idle does save files with ASCII characters (closes: #179313). - imaplib support for prefix-quoted strings (closes: #150485). - posixpath includes getctime (closes: #173827). - pydoc has support for keywords (closes: #186775). * Bugs reported for 2.1 and fixed in 2.3: - Fix handling of "#anchor" URLs in urlparse (closes: #147844). - Fix readline if C stdin is not a tty, even if sys.stdin is. Closes: #131810. * Updated to CVS release23-maint 20030810 (fixing memory leaks in array and socket modules). * pydoc's usage output uses the basename of the script. * Don't explicitely remove /etc/python2.3 on purge (closes: #202864). * python conflicts with python-xmlbase (closes: #204773). * Add dependency python (>= 2.3) to python2.3, so make sure the unversioned names can be used. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 10 Aug 2003 09:27:52 +0200 python2.3 (2.3-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Fix shlibs file. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 8 Aug 2003 08:45:12 +0200 python2.3 (2.3-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Make python2.3 the default python version. -- Matthias Klose Tue, 5 Aug 2003 22:13:22 +0200 python2.3 (2.3-1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 final release. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 30 Jul 2003 08:12:28 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.107-1rc2) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 2.3 release candidate 2. * Don't compress .txt files referenced by the html docs (closes: #200298). * Include the email/_compat* files (closes: #200349). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 25 Jul 2003 07:08:09 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.106-2beta2) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 2.3 beta2 release, updated to CVS 20030704. - Fixes AssertionError in httplib (closed: #192452). - Fixes uncaught division by zero in difflib.py (closed: #199287). * Detect presence of setgroups(2) at configure time (closes: #199839). * Use default gcc on arm as well. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 5 Jul 2003 10:21:33 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.105-1beta2) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 beta2 release. - Includes merged idle fork. - Fixed socket.setdefaulttimeout(). Closes: #189380. - socket.ssl works with _socketobj. Closes: #196082. * Do not link libtix to the _tkinter module. It's loaded via 'package require tix' at runtime. python2.3-tkinter now suggests tix8.1 instead. * On arm, use gcc-3.2 to build. * Add -fno-strict-aliasing rules to OPT to avoid warnings "dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules", when building with gcc-3.3. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 30 Jun 2003 00:19:32 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.104-1beta1.1) unstable; urgency=low * Non-maintainer upload with maintainer consent. * debian/control (Build-Depends): s/libgdbmg1-dev/libgdbm-dev/. -- James Troup Wed, 4 Jun 2003 02:24:27 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.104-1beta1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 beta1 release, updated to CVS 20030514. - build the current documentation. * Reenable Tix support. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 14 May 2003 07:38:57 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.103-1beta1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 beta1 release, updated to CVS 20030506. - updated due to build problems on mips/mipsel. - keep the 2.3b1 documentation (doc build problems with cvs). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 7 May 2003 06:26:39 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.102-1beta1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 beta1 release. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 3 May 2003 22:45:16 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.101-1exp1) unstable; urgency=medium * Python 2.3 alpha2 release, updated to CVS 20030321. * Tkinter: Catch exceptions thrown for undefined substitutions in events (needed for tk 8.4.2). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 21 Mar 2003 21:32:14 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.100-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 alpha2 release, updated to CVS 20030221. -- Matthias Klose Fri, 21 Feb 2003 19:37:17 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.99-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 alpha1 release updated to CVS 20030123. - should fix the testsuite (and package build) failure on alpha. * Remove build dependency on libexpat1-dev. Merge the python2.3-xmlbase package into python2.3 (closes: #177739). -- Matthias Klose Thu, 23 Jan 2003 22:48:12 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.98-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 alpha1 release updated to CVS 20030117. * Build using libdb4.1. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 18 Jan 2003 00:14:01 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.97-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 alpha1 release updated to CVS 20030109. * Build-Depend on g++ (>= 3:3.2). * Python package maintainers: please wait uploading python dependent packages until python2.2 and python2.1 are compiled using gcc-3.2. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 9 Jan 2003 23:56:42 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.96-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Python 2.3 alpha1 release (not exactly the tarball, but taken from CVS 20030101). - Includes support for linking with threaded tk8.4 (closes: #172714). * Install and register whatsnew document (closes: #173859). * Properly unregister info documentation. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 1 Jan 2003 17:38:54 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.95-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Experimental packages from CVS 021212. - data in unicodedate module is up to date (closes: #171061). * Fix idle packaging (closes: #170394). * Configure using unicode UCS-4 (closes: #171062). This change breaks compatibility with binary modules, but what do you expect from experimental packages ... Please recompile dependent packages. * Don't strip binaries for now. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 12 Dec 2002 21:42:27 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.94-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Experimental packages from CVS 021120. * Remove outdated README.dbm. * Depend on tk8.4. * python-elisp: Install emacsen install file with mode 644 (closes: #167718). -- Matthias Klose Thu, 21 Nov 2002 01:04:51 +0100 python2.3 (2.2.93-1exp1) unstable; urgency=medium * Experimental packages from CVS 021015. * Build a static library libpython2.3-pic.a. * Enable large file support for the Hurd (closes: #164602). -- Matthias Klose Tue, 15 Oct 2002 21:06:27 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.92-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Experimental packages from CVS 020922. * Fix build error on ia64 (closes: #161234). * Build depend on gcc-3.2-3.2.1-0pre2 to fix build error on arm. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 22 Sep 2002 18:30:28 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.91-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Experimental packages from CVS 020906. * idle-python2.3: Fix conflict (closes: #159267). * Fix location of python-mode.el (closes: #159564, #159619). * Use tix8.1. * Apply fix for distutils/ccompiler problem (closes: #159288). -- Matthias Klose Sat, 7 Sep 2002 09:55:07 +0200 python2.3 (2.2.90-1exp1) unstable; urgency=low * Experimental packages from CVS 020820. * Don't build python2.3-elisp, but put the latest version into python-elisp. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 22 Aug 2002 21:52:04 +0200 python2.2 (2.2.1-6) unstable; urgency=low * CVS updates of the release22-maint branch upto 2002-07-23. * Enable IPv6 support (closes: #152543). * Add python2.2-tk suggestion for python2.2 (pydoc -g). * Fix from SF patch #527518: proxy config with user+pass authentication. * Point pydoc to the correct location of the docs (closes: #147579). * Remove '*.py[co]' files, when removing the python package, not when purging (closes: #147130). * Update to new py2texi.el version (Milan Zamazal). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 29 Jul 2002 23:11:32 +0200 python2.2 (2.2.1-5) unstable; urgency=low * CVS updates of the release22-maint branch upto 2002-05-03. * Build the info docs (closes: #145653). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 3 May 2002 22:35:46 +0200 python2.2 (2.2.1-4) unstable; urgency=high * Fix indentation errors introduced in last upload (closes: #143809). -- Matthias Klose Sun, 21 Apr 2002 01:00:14 +0200 python2.2 (2.2.1-3) unstable; urgency=high * Add Build-Conflicts: tcl8.0-dev, tk8.0-dev, tcl8.2-dev, tk8.2-dev. Closes: #143534 (build a working _tkinter module, on machines, where 8.0's tk.h gets included). * CVS updates of the release22-maint branch upto 2002-04-20. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 20 Apr 2002 09:22:37 +0200 python2.2 (2.2.1-2) unstable; urgency=low * Forgot to copy the dlmodule patch from the 2.1.3 package. Really closes: #141681. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 13 Apr 2002 01:28:05 +0200 python2.2 (2.2.1-1) unstable; urgency=high * Final 2.2.1 release. * According to report #131813, the python interpreter is much faster on some architectures, when beeing linked statically with the python library (25%). Gregor and me tested on i386, m68k and alpha, but we could not reproduce such a speedup (generally between 5% and 10%). But we are linking the python executable now statically ... * Build info docs from the tex source, merge the python-doc-info package into the python-doc package. * Always build the dl module. Failure in case of sizeof(int)!=sizeof(long)!=sizeof(void*) is delayed until dl.open is called. Closes: #141681. -- Matthias Klose Thu, 11 Apr 2002 00:19:19 +0200 python2.2 (2.2.0.92-0) unstable; urgency=low * Package CVS sources, omit cvs-updates.dpatch (closes: #140977). -- Matthias Klose Wed, 3 Apr 2002 08:20:52 +0200 python2.2 (2.2-6) unstable; urgency=medium * Update to python-2.2.1 release candidate 2 (final release scheduled for April 10). * Enable dl module (closes: #138992). * Build doc files with python binary from package (closes: #139657). * Build _tkinter module with BLT and Tix support. * python2.2-elisp: Conflict with python2-elisp (closes: #138970). * string.split docs updated in python-2.2.1 (closes: #129272). -- Matthias Klose Mon, 1 Apr 2002 13:52:36 +0200 python2.2 (2.2-5) unstable; urgency=low * CVS updates of the release22-maint branch upto 20020310 (aproaching the first 2.2.1 release candidate). * Stolen from HEAD: check argument of locale.nl_langinfo (closes: #137371). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 15 Mar 2002 01:05:59 +0100 python2.2 (2.2-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Include test/{__init__.py,README,pystone.py} in package (closes: #129013). * Fix python-elisp conflict (closes: #129046). * Don't compress stylesheets (closes: #133179). * CVS updates of the release22-maint branch upto 20020310. -- Matthias Klose Sun, 10 Mar 2002 23:32:28 +0100 python2.2 (2.2-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Updates from the CVS python22-maint branch up to 20020107. webbrowser.py: properly escape url's. * The Hurd does not have large file support: disabled. -- Matthias Klose Mon, 7 Jan 2002 21:55:57 +0100 python2.2 (2.2-2) unstable; urgency=medium * CVS updates of the release22-maint branch upto 20011229. Fixes: - Include TCP_CORK flag in plat-linux2 headers (fixes: #84340). - Update CDROM.py module (fixes: #125785). * Add missing chunk of the GNU/Hurd patch (therefore urgency medium). * Send anonymous password when using anonftp (closes: #126814). -- Matthias Klose Sat, 29 Dec 2001 20:18:26 +0100 python2.2 (2.2-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version: 2.2. * Bugs fixed upstream: - Docs for os.kill reference the signal module for constants. - Documentation strings in the tutorial end with a period (closes: #94770). - Tk: grid_location method moved from Grid to Misc (closes: #98338). - mhlib.SubMessage.getbodytext takes decode parameter (closes: #31876). - Strings in modules are locale aware (closes: #51444). - Printable 8-bit characters in strings are correctly printed (closes: #64354). - Dictionary can be updated with abstract mapping object (closes: #46566). * Make site.py a config files. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 22 Dec 2001 00:51:46 +0100 python2.2 (2.1.99c1-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version: 2.2c1 (release candidate). * Do not provide python2.2-base anymore. * Install correct README.Debian for python2.2 package. Include hint where to find Makefile.pre.in. * Suggest installation of python-ssl. * Remove idle config files on purge. * Remove empty /usr/lib/python2.2 directory on purge. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 15 Dec 2001 17:56:27 +0100 python2.2 (2.1.99beta2-1) unstable; urgency=high * debian/rules: Reflect removal of regrtest package (closes: #122278). Resulted in build failures on all architectures. * Build -doc package from source. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 8 Dec 2001 00:38:41 +0100 python2.2 (2.1.99beta2-0.1) unstable; urgency=low * Non maintainer upload. * New upstream version (this is 2.2beta2). * Do not build the python-regrtest package anymore; keep the test framework components test/regrtest.py and test/test_support.py in the python package (closes: #119408). -- Gregor Hoffleit Tue, 27 Nov 2001 09:53:26 +0100 python2.2 (2.1.99beta1-4) unstable; urgency=low * Configure with --with-fpectl (closes: #118125). * setup.py: Remove broken check for _curses_panel module (#116081). * idle: Move config-* files to /etc and mark as conffiles (#106390). * Move idle packages to section `devel'. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 31 Oct 2001 10:56:45 +0100 python2.2 (2.1.99beta1-3) unstable; urgency=low * Fix shlibs file (was still referring to 2.1). Closes: #116810. * README.Debian: point to draft of python-policy in the python package. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 31 Oct 2001 10:56:45 +0100 python2.2 (2.1.99beta1-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Fix shlibs file (was still referring to 2.1). Closes: #116810. * Rename package python2.2-base to python2.2. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 24 Oct 2001 23:00:50 +0200 python2.2 (2.1.99beta1-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version (beta). Call the package version 2.1.99beta1-1. * New maintainer until the final 2.2 release. * Updated the debian patches. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 20 Oct 2001 18:56:26 +0200 python2.1 (2.1.1-1.2) unstable; urgency=low * Really remove the python alternative. -- Matthias Klose Sat, 20 Oct 2001 15:16:56 +0200 python2.1 (2.1.1-1.1) unstable; urgency=low * README FOR PACKAGE MAINTAINERS: It is planned to remove the python2-XXX packages from unstable and move on to python2.1. If you repackage/adapt your modules for python2.1, don't build python2-XXX and python2.1-XXX packages from the same source package, so that the python2-XXX package can be removed without influencing the python2.1-XXX package. See the debian-python mailing list at http://lists.debian.org/devel.html for details and the current discussion and a draft for a debian-python policy (August to October 2001). * Remove alternative for /usr/bin/python. The python-base package now provides the default python version. * Regenerate control file to fix build dependencies (closes: #116190). * Remove alternative for /usr/bin/{python,pydoc}. * Provide a libpython2.1.so symlink in /usr/lib/python2.1/config, so that the shared library is found when -L/usr/lib/python2.1/config is specified. * Conflict with old package versions, where /usr/bin/python is a real program (closes: #115943). * python2.1-elisp conflicts with python-elisp (closes: #115895). * We now have 2.1 (closes: #96851, #107849, #110243). -- Matthias Klose Fri, 19 Oct 2001 17:34:41 +0200 python2.1 (2.1.1-1) unstable; urgency=low * Incorporated Matthias' modifications. -- Gregor Hoffleit Thu, 11 Oct 2001 00:16:42 +0200 python2.1 (2.1.1-0.2) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream 2.1.1. * GPL compatible licence (fixes #84080, #102949, #110643). * Fixed upstream (closes: #99692, #111340). * Build in separate build directory. * Split Debian patches into debian/patches directory. * Build dependencies: Add libgmp3-dev, libexpat1-dev, tighten debhelper dependency. * debian/rules: Updated a "bit". * python-elisp: Remove custom dependency (closes: #87783), fix emacs path (closes: #89712), remove emacs19 dependency (#82694). * Mention distutils in python-dev package description (closes: #108170). * Update README.Debian (closes: #85430). * Run versioned python in postinsts (closes: #113349). * debian/sample.{postinst,prerm}: Change to version independent scripts. * Use '/usr/bin/env python2.1' as interpreter for all python scripts. * Add libssl-dev to Build-Conflicts. * python-elisp: Add support for emacs21 (closes: #98635). * Do not compress .py files in doc directories. * Don't link explicitely with libc. -- Matthias Klose Wed, 3 Oct 2001 09:53:08 +0200 python2.1 (2.1.1-0.1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version (CVS branch release21-maint, will become 2.1.1): This CVS branch will be released as 2.1.1 under a GPL compatible license. -- Gregor Hoffleit Wed, 27 Jun 2001 22:47:58 +0200 python2 (2.1-0.1) unstable; urgency=low * Fixed Makefile.pre.in. * Fixed the postinst files in order to use 2.1 (instead of 2.0). * Mention the immanent release of 2.0.1 and 2.1.1, with a GPL compatible license. -- Gregor Hoffleit Sun, 17 Jun 2001 21:05:25 +0200 python2 (2.1-0) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version. * Experimental packages. -- Gregor Hoffleit Thu, 10 May 2001 00:20:04 +0200 python2 (2.0-7) unstable; urgency=low * Rebuilt with recent tcl8.3-dev/tk8.3-dev in order to fix a dependency problem with python2-tk (closes: #87793, #92962). * Change postinst to create and update /usr/local/lib/python2.0 and site-python with permissions and owner as mandated by policy: 2775 and root:staff (closes: #89047). * Fix to compileall.py: A superfluous argument made compileall without options fail (cf. #92990 for python). * Move the distutils module into python2-dev. It needs Makefile.pre.in in order to work (closes: #89900). * Remove build-dependency on libgdbm2-dev (which isn't built anyway). * Add a build-dependency on libdb2-dev (cf. #90220 for python). -- Gregor Hoffleit Sat, 14 Apr 2001 21:07:51 +0200 python2 (2.0-6) unstable; urgency=low * Remove python-zlib package; merge it into python-base. * Mark that README.python2 is not yet updated. -- Gregor Hoffleit Wed, 21 Feb 2001 12:34:18 +0100 python2 (2.0-5) unstable; urgency=low * Recompile with tcl/tk8.3 (closes: #82088). * Modifications to README.why-python2 (closes: #82116). * Add menu hint to idle2 menu entry. * idle2 is renamed idle-python2 and now build correctly (closes: #82218). * Add build-dependency on autoconf (closes: #85339). * Build bsddbmodule as shared module (Modules/Setup.config.in), and link libpython2.so with -lm in Makefile (closes: #86027). * various cleanups in debian/rules, e.g. removing dh_suidregister. * Make pdb available as /usr/bin/pdb-python2 in python2-dev (cf. #79870 in python-base). * Remove libgmp3 from build-dependencies, since we currently can't build the mpzmodule for Python2 due to license problems. -- Gregor Hoffleit Sun, 18 Feb 2001 00:12:17 +0100 python2 (2.0-4) unstable; urgency=low * control: make python2-elisp conflict with python-elisp (it doesn't make sense to have both of them installed, does it ?) * include build-depend on libxmltok1-dev. * again, build with tcl/tk8.0. -- Gregor Hoffleit Wed, 10 Jan 2001 23:37:01 +0100 python2 (2.0-3) unstable; urgency=low * Modules/Setup.in: Added a missing \ that made _tkinter be built incorrectly. * rules: on the fly, change all '#!' python scripts to use python2. -- Gregor Hoffleit Wed, 13 Dec 2000 20:07:24 +0100 python2 (2.0-2) unstable; urgency=low * Aaargh. Remove conflicts/provides/replaces on python-base to make parallel installation of python-base and python2-base possible. * Install examples into /usr/share/doc/python2 (not python) and fix symlink to python2.0 (thanks to Rick Younie for pointing out this). * Rename man page to python2.1. -- Gregor Hoffleit Wed, 13 Dec 2000 09:31:05 +0100 python2 (2.0-1) unstable; urgency=low * New upstream version. 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debian/PVER.desktop.in0000664000000000000000000000033212244115414011740 0ustar [Desktop Entry] Name=Python (v@VER@) Comment=Python Interpreter (v@VER@) Exec=/usr/bin/@PVER@ Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/@PVER@.xpm Terminal=true Type=Application Categories=Development; StartupNotify=true NoDisplay=true debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-dist.in0000664000000000000000000000103112244115414014220 0ustar Document: @PVER@-dist Title: Distributing Python Modules (v@VER@) Author: Greg Ward Abstract: This document describes the Python Distribution Utilities (``Distutils'') from the module developer's point-of-view, describing how to use the Distutils to make Python modules and extensions easily available to a wider audience with very little overhead for build/release/install mechanics. Section: Programming/Python Format: HTML Index: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/distutils/index.html Files: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/distutils/*.html debian/README.Tk0000664000000000000000000000037212244115414010425 0ustar Tkinter documentation can be found at http://www.pythonware.com/library/index.htm more specific: http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/index.htm http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/an-introduction-to-tkinter.pdf debian/PVER-venv.postrm.in0000664000000000000000000000021412432634502012571 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ "$1" = "purge" ]; then rm -rf /usr/lib/python-wheels rm -rf /var/lib/python-wheels fi #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/PVER-venv.postinst.in0000664000000000000000000000071113156603732013137 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e case "$1" in configure) files=$(dpkg -L @PVER@-venv | sed -n '/^\/usr\/lib\/@PVER@\/.*\.py$/p') if [ -n "$files" ]; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files if grep -sq '^byte-compile[^#]*optimize' /etc/python/debian_config; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S -O /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files fi else echo >&2 "@PVER@: can't get files for byte-compilation" fi esac #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/control.in0000664000000000000000000002046313301261502011176 0ustar Source: @PVER@ Section: python Priority: optional Maintainer: Matthias Klose Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), @bd_dpkgdev@ quilt, autoconf, lsb-release, sharutils, libreadline-dev, libncursesw5-dev (>= 5.3), @bd_gcc@ zlib1g-dev, libbz2-dev, liblzma-dev, libgdbm-dev, libdb-dev, tk-dev, blt-dev (>= 2.4z), libssl-dev, libexpat1-dev, libmpdec-dev (>= 2.4), libbluetooth-dev [!hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-i386 !kfreebsd-amd64], locales [!armel !avr32 !hppa !ia64 !mipsel], libsqlite3-dev, libffi-dev (>= 3.0.5) [!or1k !avr32], libgpm2 [!hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-i386 !kfreebsd-amd64], mime-support, netbase, bzip2, time, python3@bd_qual@, net-tools, xvfb, xauth Build-Depends-Indep: python-sphinx Standards-Version: 3.9.8 Vcs-Browser: https://code.launchpad.net/~doko/python/pkg@VER@-debian Vcs-Bzr: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~doko/python/pkg@VER@-debian XS-Testsuite: autopkgtest Package: @PVER@ Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: @PRIO@ Depends: @PVER@-minimal (= ${binary:Version}), lib@PVER@-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), mime-support, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Suggests: @PVER@-venv, @PVER@-doc, binutils Description: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version @VER@) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its @VER@ version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. Package: @PVER@-venv Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: @PRIO@ Depends: @PVER@ (= ${binary:Version}), python-pip-whl (>= 8.1.0-2), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}, Breaks: python3-pip (<< 1.5.6-4) Description: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (pyvenv binary, version @VER@) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its @VER@ version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. . This package contains the pyvenv-@VER@ binary. Package: lib@PVER@-stdlib Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Priority: @PRIO@ Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: lib@PVER@-minimal (= ${binary:Version}), mime-support, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Description: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version @VER@) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its @VER@ version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. . This package contains Python @VER@'s standard library. It is normally not used on its own, but as a dependency of python@VER@. Package: @PVER@-minimal Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: @MINPRIO@ Pre-Depends: ${shlibs:Pre-Depends} Depends: lib@PVER@-minimal (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: @PVER@ Suggests: binfmt-support Conflicts: binfmt-support (<< 1.1.2) Description: Minimal subset of the Python language (version @VER@) This package contains the interpreter and some essential modules. It can be used in the boot process for some basic tasks. See /usr/share/doc/@PVER@-minimal/README.Debian for a list of the modules contained in this package. Package: lib@PVER@-minimal Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Priority: @MINPRIO@ Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: lib@PVER@-stdlib Conflicts: binfmt-support (<< 1.1.2) Description: Minimal subset of the Python language (version @VER@) This package contains some essential modules. It is normally not used on it's own, but as a dependency of @PVER@-minimal. Package: lib@PVER@ Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Section: libs Priority: @PRIO@ Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: lib@PVER@-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Description: Shared Python runtime library (version @VER@) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its @VER@ version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. . This package contains the shared runtime library, normally not needed for programs using the statically linked interpreter. Package: @PVER@-examples Architecture: all Depends: @PVER@ (>= ${source:Version}), ${misc:Depends} Description: Examples for the Python language (v@VER@) Examples, Demos and Tools for Python (v@VER@). These are files included in the upstream Python distribution (v@VER@). Package: @PVER@-dev Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Depends: @PVER@ (= ${binary:Version}), lib@PVER@-dev (= ${binary:Version}), lib@PVER@ (= ${binary:Version}), libexpat1-dev, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev Description: Header files and a static library for Python (v@VER@) Header files, a static library and development tools for building Python (v@VER@) modules, extending the Python interpreter or embedding Python (v@VER@) in applications. . Maintainers of Python packages should read README.maintainers. Package: lib@PVER@-dev Section: libdevel Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: lib@PVER@-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), lib@PVER@ (= ${binary:Version}), libexpat1-dev, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev Description: Header files and a static library for Python (v@VER@) Header files, a static library and development tools for building Python (v@VER@) modules, extending the Python interpreter or embedding Python (v@VER@) in applications. . Maintainers of Python packages should read README.maintainers. . This package contains development files. It is normally not used on it's own, but as a dependency of @PVER@-dev. Package: lib@PVER@-testsuite Section: libdevel Architecture: all Depends: @PVER@ (>= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}, net-tools Suggests: python3-gdbm, python3-tk Description: Testsuite for the Python standard library (v@VER@) The complete testsuite for the Python standard library. Note that a subset is found in the lib@PVER@-stdlib package, which should be enough for other packages to use (please do not build-depend on this package, but file a bug report to include additional testsuite files in the lib@PVER@-stdlib package). Package: idle-@PVER@ Architecture: all Depends: @PVER@, python3-tk, @PVER@-tk, ${misc:Depends} Enhances: @PVER@ Description: IDE for Python (v@VER@) using Tkinter IDLE is an Integrated Development Environment for Python (v@VER@). IDLE is written using Tkinter and therefore quite platform-independent. Package: @PVER@-doc Section: doc Architecture: all Depends: libjs-jquery, libjs-underscore, ${misc:Depends} Suggests: @PVER@ Description: Documentation for the high-level object-oriented language Python (v@VER@) These is the official set of documentation for the interactive high-level object-oriented language Python (v@VER@). All documents are provided in HTML format. The package consists of ten documents: . * What's New in Python@VER@ * Tutorial * Python Library Reference * Macintosh Module Reference * Python Language Reference * Extending and Embedding Python * Python/C API Reference * Installing Python Modules * Documenting Python * Distributing Python Modules Package: @PVER@-dbg Section: debug Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: extra Depends: @PVER@ (= ${binary:Version}), lib@PVER@-dbg (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: gdb Suggests: python3-gdbm-dbg, python3-tk-dbg Description: Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (version @VER@) The package holds two things: . - A Python interpreter configured with --pydebug. Dynamically loaded modules are searched as _d.so first. Third party extensions need a separate build to be used by this interpreter. - Debug information for standard python interpreter and extensions. . See the README.debug for more information. Package: lib@PVER@-dbg Section: debug Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Priority: extra Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: lib@PVER@-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Description: Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (version @VER@) The package holds two things: . - Extensions for a Python interpreter configured with --pydebug. - Debug information for standard python extensions. . See the README.debug for more information. debian/README.PVER.in0000664000000000000000000000532012244115414011226 0ustar Python @VER@ for Debian --------------------- This is Python @VER@ packaged for Debian. This document contains information specific to the Debian packages of Python @VER@. [TODO: This document is not yet up-to-date with the packages.] Currently, it features those two main topics: 1. Release notes for the Debian packages: 2. Notes for developers using the Debian Python packages: Release notes and documentation from the upstream package are installed in /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/. There's a mailing list for discussion of issues related to Python on Debian systems: debian-python@lists.debian.org. The list is not intended for general Python problems, but as a forum for maintainers of Python-related packages and interested third parties. 1. Release notes for the Debian packages: Results of the regression test: ------------------------------ The package does successfully run the regression tests for all included modules. Seven packages are skipped since they are platform-dependent and can't be used with Linux. 2. Notes for developers using the Debian python packages: See the draft of the Debian Python policy in /usr/share/doc/python. distutils can be found in the @PVER@-dev package. Development files like the python library or Makefiles can be found in the @PVER@-dev package in /usr/lib/@PVER@/config. Therefore, if you need to install a pure python extension, you only need @PVER@. On the other hand, to install a C extension, you need @PVER@-dev. a) Locally installed Python add-ons /usr/local/lib/@PVER@/site-packages/ /usr/local/lib/site-python/ (version-independent modules) b) Python add-ons packaged for Debian /usr/lib/@PVER@/site-packages/ /usr/lib/site-python/ (version-independent modules) Note that no package must install files directly into /usr/lib/@PVER@/ or /usr/local/lib/@PVER@/. Only the site-packages directory is allowed for third-party extensions. Use of the new `package' scheme is strongly encouraged. The `ni' interface is obsolete in python 1.5. Header files for extensions go into /usr/include/@PVER@/. Installing extensions for local use only: ---------------------------------------- Consider using distutils ... Most extensions use Python's Makefile.pre.in. Note that Makefile.pre.in by default will install files into /usr/lib/, not into /usr/local/lib/, which is not allowed for local extensions. You'll have to change the Makefile accordingly. Most times, "make prefix=/usr/local install" will work. Packaging python extensions for Debian: -------------------------------------- Maintainers of Python extension packages should read /usr/share/doc/python/python-policy.txt.gz 03/09/98 Gregor Hoffleit Last change: 2001-12-14 debian/libPVER.symbols.in0000664000000000000000000000026412530731605012456 0ustar libpython@VER@m.so.1.0 libpython@VER@ #MINVER# #include "libpython.symbols" PyModule_Create2@Base @SVER@ PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2@Base @SVER@ (optional)__gnu_lto_v1@Base @SVER@ debian/README.Debian.in0000664000000000000000000000036012244115414011633 0ustar The documentation for this package is in /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/. A draft of the "Debian Python Policy" can be found in /usr/share/doc/python Sometime it will be moved to /usr/share/doc/debian-policy in the debian-policy package. debian/PVER-minimal.README.Debian.in0000664000000000000000000000752112512323434014041 0ustar Contents of the @PVER@-minimal package ----------------------------------------- @PVER@-minimal consists of a minimum set of modules which may be needed for python scripts used during the boot process. If other packages are needed in these scripts, don't work around the missing module, but file a bug report against this package. The modules in this package are: __builtin__ builtin __future__ module _ast extension _bisect extension _bootlocale module _bytesio builtin _codecs builtin _collections extension _collections_abc module _compat_pickle module _datetime extension _elementtree extension _fileio builtin _functools extension _hashlib extensionx _heapq extension _imp builtin _io builtin _locale extension _md5 extension _opcode extension _operator extension _pickle extension _posixsubprocess extension _random extension _sha1 extension _sha3 extension _sha256 extension _sha512 extension _signal builtin _sitebuiltins module _socket extension _sre builtin _ssl extensionx _stat extension _stringio extension _struct extension _string builtin _stringio builtin _strptime module _symtable builtin _sysconfigdata module _thread builtin _threading_local module _types builtin _weakref builtin _weakrefset module _warnings builtin configparser module abc module argparse module array extension ast module atexit extension base64 module binascii extension bisect module builtins builtin calendar module codecs module collections package compileall module contextlib module copy module copyreg module datetime module dis module encodings package enum module errno builtin exceptions builtin fcntl extension fnmatch module functools module gc builtin genericpath module getopt module glob module grp extension hashlib module heapq module imp module importlib package inspect module io module ipaddress module itertools extension keyword module linecache module locale module logging package marshal builtin math extension opcode module operator module optparse module os module pickle module pkgutil module platform module posix builtin posixpath module pwd builtin pyexpat extension py_compile module random module re module reprlib module runpy module select extension selectors module signal module socket module spwd extension sre_compile module sre_constants module sre_parse module ssl module stat module string module struct module subprocess module sys builtin sysconfig module syslog extension tempfile module textwrap module threading module time extension token module tokenize module traceback module types module unicodedata extension warnings module weakref module zipimport extension zlib extension Included are as well the codecs and stringprep modules, and the encodings modules for all encodings except the multibyte encodings and the bz2 codec. The following modules are excluded, their import is guarded from the importing module: Used in Excluded ------------ ------------------------------------ io _dummy_thread os nt ntpath os2 os2emxpath mac macpath riscos riscospath riscosenviron optparse gettext pickle doctest subprocess threading_dummy This list was derived by looking at the modules in the perl-base package, then adding python specific "core modules". TODO's ------ - time.strptime cannot be used. The required _strptime module is not included in the -minimal package yet. _strptime, locale, _locale and calendar have to be added. - modules used very often in the testsuite: copy, cPickle, operator. debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-api.in0000664000000000000000000000103712244115414014034 0ustar Document: @PVER@-api Title: Python/C API Reference Manual (v@VER@) Author: Guido van Rossum Abstract: This manual documents the API used by C (or C++) programmers who want to write extension modules or embed Python. It is a companion to *Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter*, which describes the general principles of extension writing but does not document the API functions in detail. Section: Programming/Python Format: HTML Index: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/c-api/index.html Files: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/c-api/*.html debian/libPVER-testsuite.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000137712642757476014172 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e remove_bytecode() { pkg=$1 max=$(LANG=C LC_ALL=C xargs --show-limits < /dev/null 2>&1 | awk '/Maximum length/ {print int($NF / 4)}') dpkg -L $pkg \ | awk -F/ 'BEGIN {OFS="/"} /\.py$/ {$NF=sprintf("__pycache__/%s.*.py[co]", substr($NF,1,length($NF)-3)); print}' \ | xargs --max-chars="$max" echo \ | while read files; do rm -f $files; done find /usr/lib/@PVER@ \ -name __pycache__ -type d -empty -print \ | xargs -r rm -rf } case "$1" in remove) remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-testsuite ;; upgrade) remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-testsuite ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-tut.in0000664000000000000000000000103012244115414014070 0ustar Document: @PVER@-tut Title: Python Tutorial (v@VER@) Author: Guido van Rossum, Fred L. Drake, Jr., editor Abstract: This tutorial introduces the reader informally to the basic concepts and features of the Python language and system. It helps to have a Python interpreter handy for hands-on experience, but all examples are self-contained, so the tutorial can be read off-line as well. Section: Programming/Python Format: HTML Index: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/tutorial/index.html Files: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/tutorial/*.html debian/pyvenv3.10000664000000000000000000000175212244115414010667 0ustar .\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.40.10. .TH PYVENV-3.3 "1" "June 2012" "pyvenv-3.3 3.3" "User Commands" .SH NAME pyvenv-3.3 \- create virtual python environments .SH DESCRIPTION usage: venv [\-h] [\-\-system\-site\-packages] [\-\-symlinks] [\-\-clear] [\-\-upgrade] .IP ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...] .PP Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories. .SS "positional arguments:" .TP ENV_DIR A directory to create the environment in. .SS "optional arguments:" .TP \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR show this help message and exit .TP \fB\-\-system\-site\-packages\fR Give the virtual environment access to the system site\-packages dir. .TP \fB\-\-symlinks\fR Attempt to symlink rather than copy. .TP \fB\-\-clear\fR Delete the environment directory if it already exists. If not specified and the directory exists, an error is raised. .TP \fB\-\-upgrade\fR Upgrade the environment directory to use this version of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in\-place. debian/PVER-dbg.postinst.in0000664000000000000000000000212613156603732012717 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ "$1" = configure ]; then files=$(dpkg -L lib@PVER@-dbg@HOST_QUAL@ | sed -n '/^\/usr\/lib\/@PVER@\/.*\.py$/p') if [ -n "$files" ]; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files if grep -sq '^byte-compile[^#]*optimize' /etc/python/debian_config; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S -O /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files fi else echo >&2 "@PVER@-dbg: can't get files for byte-compilation" fi if [ -d /usr/include/@PVER@_d ] && [ ! -h /usr/include/@PVER@_d ]; then if rmdir /usr/include/@PVER@_d 2> /dev/null; then ln -sf @PVER@dmu /usr/include/@PVER@_d else echo >&2 "WARNING: non-empty directory on upgrade: /usr/include/@PVER@_d" ls -l /usr/include/@PVER@_d fi fi if [ -d /usr/lib/@PVER@/config_d ] && [ ! -h /usr/lib/@PVER@/config_d ]; then if rmdir /usr/lib/@PVER@/config_d 2> /dev/null; then ln -sf config-dmu /usr/lib/@PVER@/config_d else echo >&2 "WARNING: non-empty directory on upgrade: /usr/lib/@PVER@/config_d" ls -l /usr/lib/@PVER@/config_d fi fi fi #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/libPVER-minimal.postinst.in0000664000000000000000000000024412244115414014267 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ ! -f /etc/@PVER@/sitecustomize.py ]; then cat <<-EOF # Empty sitecustomize.py to avoid a dangling symlink EOF fi #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/PVER-dbg.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000023012244115414013020 0ustar # just the gdb debug file @PVER@-dbg binary: python-script-but-no-python-dep # pointless lintian ... @PVER@-dbg binary: hardening-no-fortify-functions debian/pyhtml2devhelp.py0000664000000000000000000002062212673015265012522 0ustar #! /usr/bin/python3 from html.parser import HTMLParser from xml.sax.saxutils import escape import os, sys, re class PyHTMLParser(HTMLParser): pages_to_include = set(('whatsnew/index.html', 'tutorial/index.html', 'using/index.html', 'reference/index.html', 'library/index.html', 'howto/index.html', 'extending/index.html', 'c-api/index.html', 'install/index.html', 'distutils/index.html')) def __init__(self, basedir, fn, indent, parents=set()): HTMLParser.__init__(self, convert_charrefs=True) self.basedir = basedir self.dir, self.fn = os.path.split(fn) self.data = '' self.parents = parents self.link = {} self.indent = indent self.last_indent = indent - 1 self.sub_indent = 0 self.sub_count = 0 self.next_link = False def escape(self, text): return escape(text, {'"': '"'}) def process_link(self): new_href = self.escape(os.path.join(self.dir, self.link['href'])) text = self.escape(self.link['text']) indent = self.indent + self.sub_indent if self.last_indent == indent: print('%s' % (' ' * self.last_indent)) self.sub_count -= 1 print('%s' % (' ' * indent, new_href, text)) self.sub_count += 1 self.last_indent = self.indent + self.sub_indent def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs): if tag == 'a': self.start_a(attrs) elif tag == 'li': self.start_li(attrs) def handle_endtag(self, tag): if tag == 'a': self.end_a() elif tag == 'li': self.end_li() def start_li(self, attrs): self.sub_indent += 1 self.next_link = True def end_li(self): indent = self.indent + self.sub_indent if self.sub_count > 0: print('%s' % (' ' * self.last_indent)) self.sub_count -= 1 self.last_indent -= 1 self.sub_indent -= 1 def start_a(self, attrs): self.link = {} for attr in attrs: self.link[attr[0]] = attr[1] self.data = '' def end_a(self): process = False text = self.escape(self.data.replace('\t', '').replace('\n', ' ')) self.link['text'] = text # handle a tag without href attribute try: href = self.link['href'] except KeyError: return abs_href = os.path.join(self.basedir, href) if abs_href in self.parents: return if href.startswith('..') or href.startswith('http:') \ or href.startswith('mailto:') or href.startswith('news:'): return if href in ('', 'about.html', 'modindex.html', 'genindex.html', 'glossary.html', 'search.html', 'contents.html', 'download.html', 'bugs.html', 'license.html', 'copyright.html'): return if 'class' in self.link: if self.link['class'] in ('biglink'): process = True if self.link['class'] in ('reference external'): if self.next_link: process = True next_link = False if process == True: self.process_link() if href in self.pages_to_include: self.parse_file(os.path.join(self.dir, href)) def finish(self): if self.sub_count > 0: print('%s' % (' ' * self.last_indent)) def handle_data(self, data): self.data += data def parse_file(self, href): # TODO basedir bestimmen parent = os.path.join(self.basedir, self.fn) self.parents.add(parent) parser = PyHTMLParser(self.basedir, href, self.indent + 1, self.parents) text = open(self.basedir + '/' + href, encoding='latin_1').read() parser.feed(text) parser.finish() parser.close() if parent in self.parents: self.parents.remove(parent) class PyIdxHTMLParser(HTMLParser): def __init__(self, basedir, fn, indent): HTMLParser.__init__(self, convert_charrefs=True) self.basedir = basedir self.dir, self.fn = os.path.split(fn) self.data = '' self.link = {} self.indent = indent self.active = False self.indented = False self.nolink = False self.header = '' self.last_letter = 'Z' self.last_text = '' def escape(self, text): return escape(text, {'"': '"'}) def process_link(self): new_href = self.escape(os.path.join(self.dir, self.link['href'])) text = self.escape(self.link['text']) if not self.active: return if text.startswith('['): return if self.link.get('rel', None) in ('prev', 'parent', 'next', 'contents', 'index'): return if self.indented: text = self.last_text + ' ' + text else: # Save it in case we need it again self.last_text = re.sub(' \([\w\-\.\s]+\)', '', text) indent = self.indent print('%s' % (' ' * indent, new_href, text)) def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs): if tag == 'a': self.start_a(attrs) elif tag == 'dl': self.start_dl(attrs) elif tag == 'dt': self.start_dt(attrs) elif tag == 'h2': self.start_h2(attrs) elif tag == 'td': self.start_td(attrs) elif tag == 'table': self.start_table(attrs) def handle_endtag(self, tag): if tag == 'a': self.end_a() elif tag == 'dl': self.end_dl() elif tag == 'dt': self.end_dt() elif tag == 'h2': self.end_h2() elif tag == 'td': self.end_td() elif tag == 'table': self.end_table() def start_dl(self, attrs): if self.last_text: # Looks like we found the second part to a command self.indented = True def end_dl(self): self.indented = False def start_dt(self, attrs): self.data = '' self.nolink = True def end_dt(self): if not self.active: return if self.nolink == True: # Looks like we found the first part to a command self.last_text = re.sub(' \([\w\-\.\s]+\)', '', self.data) self.nolink = False def start_h2(self, attrs): for k, v in attrs: if k == 'id': self.header = v if v == '_': self.active = True def end_h2(self): pass def start_td(self, attrs): self.indented = False self.last_text = '' def end_td(self): pass def start_table(self, attrs): pass def end_table(self): if self.header == self.last_letter: self.active = False def start_a(self, attrs): self.nolink = False self.link = {} for attr in attrs: self.link[attr[0]] = attr[1] self.data = '' def end_a(self): text = self.data.replace('\t', '').replace('\n', ' ') text = text.replace("Whats ", "What's ") self.link['text'] = text # handle a tag without href attribute try: href = self.link['href'] except KeyError: return self.process_link() def handle_data(self, data): self.data += data def handle_entityref(self, name): # not meant to be called while convert_charrefs is true raise AssertionError('entityrefs should not be handled any more') def main(): base = sys.argv[1] fn = sys.argv[2] version = escape(sys.argv[3]) parser = PyHTMLParser(base, fn, indent=0) print('') print('' % (version, version, version)) print('') parser.parse_file(fn) print('') print('') fn = 'genindex-all.html' parser = PyIdxHTMLParser(base, fn, indent=1) text = open(base + '/' + fn, encoding='latin_1').read() parser.feed(text) parser.close() print('') print('') main() debian/dh_doclink0000664000000000000000000000116312244115414011210 0ustar #! /bin/sh pkg=`echo $1 | sed 's/^-p//'` target=$2 ln -sf $target debian/$pkg/usr/share/doc/$pkg f=debian/$pkg.postinst.debhelper if [ ! -e $f ] || [ "`grep -c '^# dh_doclink' $f`" -eq 0 ]; then cat >> $f <> $f <&2 "@PVER@: can't get files for byte-compilation" fi esac #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/FAQ.html0000664000000000000000000130007312244115414010467 0ustar The Whole Python FAQ

The Whole Python FAQ

Last changed on Wed Feb 12 21:31:08 2003 CET

(Entries marked with ** were changed within the last 24 hours; entries marked with * were changed within the last 7 days.)

1. General information and availability

2. Python in the real world

3. Building Python and Other Known Bugs

4. Programming in Python

5. Extending Python

6. Python's design

7. Using Python on non-UNIX platforms

8. Python on Windows

1. General information and availability

1.1. What is Python?

Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It incorporates modules, exceptions, dynamic typing, very high level dynamic data types, and classes. Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various window systems, and is extensible in C or C++. It is also usable as an extension language for applications that need a programmable interface. Finally, Python is portable: it runs on many brands of UNIX, on the Mac, and on PCs under MS-DOS, Windows, Windows NT, and OS/2.

To find out more, the best thing to do is to start reading the tutorial from the documentation set (see a few questions further down).

See also question 1.17 (what is Python good for).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon May 26 16:05:18 1997 by GvR

1.2. Why is it called Python?

Apart from being a computer scientist, I'm also a fan of "Monty Python's Flying Circus" (a BBC comedy series from the seventies, in the -- unlikely -- case you didn't know). It occurred to me one day that I needed a name that was short, unique, and slightly mysterious. And I happened to be reading some scripts from the series at the time... So then I decided to call my language Python.

By now I don't care any more whether you use a Python, some other snake, a foot or 16-ton weight, or a wood rat as a logo for Python!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Aug 24 00:50:41 2000 by GvR

1.3. How do I obtain a copy of the Python source?

The latest Python source distribution is always available from python.org, at http://www.python.org/download. The latest development sources can be obtained via anonymous CVS from SourceForge, at http://www.sf.net/projects/python .

The source distribution is a gzipped tar file containing the complete C source, LaTeX documentation, Python library modules, example programs, and several useful pieces of freely distributable software. This will compile and run out of the box on most UNIX platforms. (See section 7 for non-UNIX information.)

Older versions of Python are also available from python.org.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Apr 9 17:06:16 2002 by A.M. Kuchling

1.4. How do I get documentation on Python?

All documentation is available on-line, starting at http://www.python.org/doc/.

The LaTeX source for the documentation is part of the source distribution. If you don't have LaTeX, the latest Python documentation set is available, in various formats like postscript and html, by anonymous ftp - visit the above URL for links to the current versions.

PostScript for a high-level description of Python is in the file nluug-paper.ps (a separate file on the ftp site).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Jan 21 12:02:55 1998 by Ken Manheimer

1.5. Are there other ftp sites that mirror the Python distribution?

The following anonymous ftp sites keep mirrors of the Python distribution:

USA: 

        ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/
        ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/plan/python/
        ftp://ftp.uu.net/languages/python/
        ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/graphics/graphics/sgi-stuff/python/
        ftp://ftp.sterling.com/programming/languages/python/
        ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/python/
        ftp://ftp.pht.com/mirrors/python/python/
	ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/python/
Europe: 

        ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/python/
        ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/python/
        ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/python/
        ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/uunet/languages/python/
        ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/python/
        ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/python/
        ftp://ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/pub/comp/programming/languages/python/
Australia: 

        ftp://ftp.dstc.edu.au/pub/python/

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Mar 24 09:20:49 1999 by A.M. Kuchling

1.6. Is there a newsgroup or mailing list devoted to Python?

There is a newsgroup, comp.lang.python, and a mailing list. The newsgroup and mailing list are gatewayed into each other -- if you can read news it's unnecessary to subscribe to the mailing list. To subscribe to the mailing list (python-list@python.org) visit its Mailman webpage at http://www.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

More info about the newsgroup and mailing list, and about other lists, can be found at http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html.

Archives of the newsgroup are kept by Deja News and accessible through the "Python newsgroup search" web page, http://www.python.org/search/search_news.html. This page also contains pointer to other archival collections.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Jun 23 09:29:36 1999 by GvR

1.7. Is there a WWW page devoted to Python?

Yes, http://www.python.org/ is the official Python home page.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 14:42:59 1997 by Ken Manheimer

1.8. Is the Python documentation available on the WWW?

Yes. Python 2.0 documentation is available from http://www.pythonlabs.com/tech/python2.0/doc/ and from http://www.python.org/doc/. Note that most documentation is available for on-line browsing as well as for downloading.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 2 03:14:08 2001 by Moshe Zadka

1.9. Are there any books on Python?

Yes, many, and more are being published. See the python.org Wiki at http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/moinmoin/PythonBooks for a list.

You can also search online bookstores for "Python" (and filter out the Monty Python references; or perhaps search for "Python" and "language").

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Aug 5 19:08:49 2002 by amk

1.10. Are there any published articles about Python that I can reference?

If you can't reference the web site, and you don't want to reference the books (see previous question), there are several articles on Python that you could reference.

Most publications about Python are collected on the Python web site: 

    http://www.python.org/doc/Publications.html
It is no longer recommended to reference this very old article by Python's author: 

    Guido van Rossum and Jelke de Boer, "Interactively Testing Remote
    Servers Using the Python Programming Language", CWI Quarterly, Volume
    4, Issue 4 (December 1991), Amsterdam, pp 283-303.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Jul 4 20:52:31 1998 by GvR

1.11. Are there short introductory papers or talks on Python?

There are several - you can find links to some of them collected at http://www.python.org/doc/Hints.html#intros.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 15:04:05 1997 by Ken Manheimer

1.12. How does the Python version numbering scheme work?

Python versions are numbered A.B.C or A.B. A is the major version number -- it is only incremented for really major changes in the language. B is the minor version number, incremented for less earth-shattering changes. C is the micro-level -- it is incremented for each bugfix release. See PEP 6 for more information about bugfix releases.

Not all releases have bugfix releases. Note that in the past (ending with 1.5.2), micro releases have added significant changes; in fact the changeover from 0.9.9 to 1.0.0 was the first time that either A or B changed!

Alpha, beta and release candidate versions have an additional suffixes. The suffix for an alpha version is "aN" for some small number N, the suffix for a beta version is "bN" for some small number N, and the suffix for a release candidate version is "cN" for some small number N.

Note that (for instance) all versions labeled 2.0aN precede the versions labeled 2.0bN, which precede versions labeled 2.0cN, and those precede 2.0.

As a rule, no changes are made between release candidates and the final release unless there are show-stopper bugs.

You may also find version numbers with a "+" suffix, e.g. "2.2+". These are unreleased versions, built directly from the CVS trunk.

See also the documentation for sys.version, sys.hexversion, and sys.version_info.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jan 14 06:34:17 2002 by GvR

1.13. How do I get a beta test version of Python?

All releases, including alphas, betas and release candidates, are announced on comp.lang.python and comp.lang.python.announce newsgroups, which are gatewayed into the python-list@python.org and python-announce@python.org. In addition, all these announcements appear on the Python home page, at http://www.python.org.

You can also access the development version of Python through CVS. See http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=5470 for details. If you're not familiar with CVS, documents like http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2002/01/03/cvs_intro.html provide an introduction.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 00:57:08 2002 by Neal Norwitz

1.14. Are there copyright restrictions on the use of Python?

Hardly. You can do anything you want with the source, as long as you leave the copyrights in, and display those copyrights in any documentation about Python that you produce. Also, don't use the author's institute's name in publicity without prior written permission, and don't hold them responsible for anything (read the actual copyright for a precise legal wording).

In particular, if you honor the copyright rules, it's OK to use Python for commercial use, to sell copies of Python in source or binary form, or to sell products that enhance Python or incorporate Python (or part of it) in some form. I would still like to know about all commercial use of Python!

Edit this entry / Log info

1.15. Why was Python created in the first place?

Here's a very brief summary of what got me started:

I had extensive experience with implementing an interpreted language in the ABC group at CWI, and from working with this group I had learned a lot about language design. This is the origin of many Python features, including the use of indentation for statement grouping and the inclusion of very-high-level data types (although the details are all different in Python).

I had a number of gripes about the ABC language, but also liked many of its features. It was impossible to extend the ABC language (or its implementation) to remedy my complaints -- in fact its lack of extensibility was one of its biggest problems. I had some experience with using Modula-2+ and talked with the designers of Modula-3 (and read the M3 report). M3 is the origin of the syntax and semantics used for exceptions, and some other Python features.

I was working in the Amoeba distributed operating system group at CWI. We needed a better way to do system administration than by writing either C programs or Bourne shell scripts, since Amoeba had its own system call interface which wasn't easily accessible from the Bourne shell. My experience with error handling in Amoeba made me acutely aware of the importance of exceptions as a programming language feature.

It occurred to me that a scripting language with a syntax like ABC but with access to the Amoeba system calls would fill the need. I realized that it would be foolish to write an Amoeba-specific language, so I decided that I needed a language that was generally extensible.

During the 1989 Christmas holidays, I had a lot of time on my hand, so I decided to give it a try. During the next year, while still mostly working on it in my own time, Python was used in the Amoeba project with increasing success, and the feedback from colleagues made me add many early improvements.

In February 1991, after just over a year of development, I decided to post to USENET. The rest is in the Misc/HISTORY file.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 00:06:23 1997 by GvR

1.16. Do I have to like "Monty Python's Flying Circus"?

No, but it helps. Pythonistas like the occasional reference to SPAM, and of course, nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition

The two main reasons to use Python are: 

 - Portable
 - Easy to learn
The three main reasons to use Python are: 

 - Portable
 - Easy to learn
 - Powerful standard library
(And nice red uniforms.)

And remember, there is no rule six.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 28 10:39:21 1997 by GvR

1.17. What is Python good for?

Python is used in many situations where a great deal of dynamism, ease of use, power, and flexibility are required.

In the area of basic text manipulation core Python (without any non-core extensions) is easier to use and is roughly as fast as just about any language, and this makes Python good for many system administration type tasks and for CGI programming and other application areas that manipulate text and strings and such.

When augmented with standard extensions (such as PIL, COM, Numeric, oracledb, kjbuckets, tkinter, win32api, etc.) or special purpose extensions (that you write, perhaps using helper tools such as SWIG, or using object protocols such as ILU/CORBA or COM) Python becomes a very convenient "glue" or "steering" language that helps make heterogeneous collections of unrelated software packages work together. For example by combining Numeric with oracledb you can help your SQL database do statistical analysis, or even Fourier transforms. One of the features that makes Python excel in the "glue language" role is Python's simple, usable, and powerful C language runtime API.

Many developers also use Python extensively as a graphical user interface development aide.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat May 24 10:13:11 1997 by Aaron Watters

1.18. Can I use the FAQ Wizard software to maintain my own FAQ?

Sure. It's in Tools/faqwiz/ of the python source tree.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Mar 29 06:50:32 2002 by Aahz

1.19. Which editor has good support for editing Python source code?

On Unix, the first choice is Emacs/XEmacs. There's an elaborate mode for editing Python code, which is available from the Python source distribution (Misc/python-mode.el). It's also bundled with XEmacs (we're still working on legal details to make it possible to bundle it with FSF Emacs). And it has its own web page: 

    http://www.python.org/emacs/python-mode/index.html
There are many other choices, for Unix, Windows or Macintosh. Richard Jones compiled a table from postings on the Python newsgroup: 

    http://www.bofh.asn.au/~richard/editors.html
See also FAQ question 7.10 for some more Mac and Win options.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 15 23:21:04 1998 by Gvr

1.20. I've never programmed before. Is there a Python tutorial?

There are several, and at least one book. All information for beginning Python programmers is collected here: 

    http://www.python.org/doc/Newbies.html

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Sep 5 05:34:07 2001 by GvR

1.21. Where in the world is www.python.org located?

It's currently in Amsterdam, graciously hosted by XS4ALL: 

    http://www.xs4all.nl
Thanks to Thomas Wouters for setting this up!!!!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Aug 3 21:49:27 2001 by GvR

2. Python in the real world

2.1. How many people are using Python?

Certainly thousands, and quite probably tens of thousands of users. More are seeing the light each day. The comp.lang.python newsgroup is very active, but overall there is no accurate estimate of the number of subscribers or Python users.

Jacek Artymiak has created a Python Users Counter; you can see the current count by visiting http://www.wszechnica.safenet.pl/cgi-bin/checkpythonuserscounter.py (this will not increment the counter; use the link there if you haven't added yourself already). Most Python users appear not to have registered themselves.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Feb 21 23:29:18 2002 by GvR

2.2. Have any significant projects been done in Python?

At CWI (the former home of Python), we have written a 20,000 line authoring environment for transportable hypermedia presentations, a 5,000 line multimedia teleconferencing tool, as well as many many smaller programs.

At CNRI (Python's new home), we have written two large applications: Grail, a fully featured web browser (see http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us), and the Knowbot Operating Environment, a distributed environment for mobile code.

The University of Virginia uses Python to control a virtual reality engine. See http://alice.cs.cmu.edu.

The ILU project at Xerox PARC can generate Python glue for ILU interfaces. See ftp://ftp.parc.xerox.com/pub/ilu/ilu.html. ILU is a free CORBA compliant ORB which supplies distributed object connectivity to a host of platforms using a host of languages.

Mark Hammond and Greg Stein and others are interfacing Python to Microsoft's COM and ActiveX architectures. This means, among other things, that Python may be used in active server pages or as a COM controller (for example to automatically extract from or insert information into Excel or MSAccess or any other COM aware application). Mark claims Python can even be a ActiveX scripting host (which means you could embed JScript inside a Python application, if you had a strange sense of humor). Python/AX/COM is distributed as part of the PythonWin distribution.

The University of California, Irvine uses a student administration system called TELE-Vision written entirely in Python. Contact: Ray Price rlprice@uci.edu.

The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) in Australia (a 100,000+ person venue) has it's scoreboard system written largely in Python on MS Windows. Python expressions are used to create almost every scoring entry that appears on the board. The move to Python/C++ away from exclusive C++ has provided a level of functionality that would simply not have been viable otherwise.

See also the next question.

Note: this FAQ entry is really old. See http://www.python.org/psa/Users.html for a more recent list.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Oct 25 13:24:15 2000 by GvR

2.3. Are there any commercial projects going on using Python?

Yes, there's lots of commercial activity using Python. See http://www.python.org/psa/Users.html for a list.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Oct 14 18:17:33 1998 by ken

2.4. How stable is Python?

Very stable. New, stable releases have been coming out roughly every 3 to 12 months since 1991, and this seems likely to continue.

With the introduction of retrospective "bugfix" releases the stability of the language implementations can be, and is being, improved independently of the new features offered by more recent major or minor releases. Bugfix releases, indicated by a third component of the version number, only fix known problems and do not gratuitously introduce new and possibly incompatible features or modified library functionality.

Release 2.2 got its first bugfix on April 10, 2002. The new version number is now 2.2.1. The 2.1 release, at 2.1.3, can probably be considered the "most stable" platform because it has been bugfixed twice.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jul 23 10:20:04 2002 by Jens Kubieziel

2.5. What new developments are expected for Python in the future?

See http://www.python.org/peps/ for the Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs). PEPs are design documents describing a suggested new feature for Python, providing a concise technical specification and a rationale.

Also, follow the discussions on the python-dev mailing list.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Apr 9 17:09:51 2002 by A.M. Kuchling

2.6. Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?

In general, no. There are already millions of lines of Python code around the world, so any changes in the language that invalidates more than a very small fraction of existing programs has to be frowned upon. Even if you can provide a conversion program, there still is the problem of updating all documentation. Providing a gradual upgrade path is the only way if a feature has to be changed.

See http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0005.html for the proposed mechanism for creating backwards-incompatibilities.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Apr 1 22:13:47 2002 by Fred Drake

2.7. What is the future of Python?

Please see http://www.python.org/peps/ for proposals of future activities. One of the PEPs (Python Enhancement Proposals) deals with the PEP process and PEP format -- see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0001.html if you want to submit a PEP. In http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0042.html there is a list of wishlists the Python Development team plans to tackle.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Apr 1 22:15:46 2002 by Fred Drake

2.8. What was the PSA, anyway?

The Python Software Activity was created by a number of Python aficionados who want Python to be more than the product and responsibility of a single individual. The PSA was not an independent organization, but lived under the umbrealla of CNRI.

The PSA has been superseded by the Python Software Foundation, an independent non-profit organization. The PSF's home page is at http://www.python.org/psf/.

Some pages created by the PSA still live at http://www.python.org/psa/

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jul 25 18:19:44 2002 by GvR

2.9. Deleted

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 2 02:51:30 2001 by Moshe Zadka

2.10. Deleted

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 2 02:52:19 2001 by Moshe Zadka

2.11. Is Python Y2K (Year 2000) Compliant?

As of January, 2001 no major problems have been reported and Y2K compliance seems to be a non-issue.

Since Python is available free of charge, there are no absolute guarantees. If there are unforeseen problems, liability is the user's rather than the developers', and there is nobody you can sue for damages.

Python does few date manipulations, and what it does is all based on the Unix representation for time (even on non-Unix systems) which uses seconds since 1970 and won't overflow until 2038.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jan 8 17:19:32 2001 by Steve Holden

2.12. Is Python a good language in a class for beginning programmers?

Yes. This long answer attempts to address any concerns you might have with teaching Python as a programmer's first language. (If you want to discuss Python's use in education, then you may be interested in joining the edu-sig mailinglist. See http://www.python.org/sigs/edu-sig/ )

It is still common to start students with a procedural (subset of a) statically typed language such as Pascal, C, or a subset of C++ or Java. I think that students may be better served by learning Python as their first language. Python has a very simple and consistent syntax and a large standard library. Most importantly, using Python in a beginning programming course permits students to concentrate on important programming skills, such as problem decomposition and data type design.

With Python, students can be quickly introduced to basic concepts such as loops and procedures. They can even probably work with user-defined objects in their very first course. They could implement a tree structure as nested Python lists, for example. They could be introduced to objects in their first course if desired. For a student who has never programmed before, using a statically typed language seems unnatural. It presents additional complexity that the student must master and slows the pace of the course. The students are trying to learn to think like a computer, decompose problems, design consistent interfaces, and encapsulate data. While learning to use a statically typed language is important, it is not necessarily the best topic to address in the students' first programming course.

Many other aspects of Python make it a good first language. Python has a large standard library (like Java) so that students can be assigned programming projects very early in the course that do something. Assignments aren't restricted to the standard four-function calculator and check balancing programs. By using the standard library, students can gain the satisfaction of working on realistic applications as they learn the fundamentals of programming. Using the standard library also teaches students about code reuse.

Python's interactive interpreter also enables students to test language features while they're programming. They can keep a window with the interpreter running while they enter their programs' source in another window. If they can't remember the methods for a list, they can do something like this: 

 >>> L = []
 >>> dir(L)
 ['append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove',
 'reverse', 'sort']
 >>> print L.append.__doc__
 L.append(object) -- append object to end
 >>> L.append(1)
 >>> L
 [1]
With the interpreter, documentation is never far from the student as he's programming.

There are also good IDEs for Python. Guido van Rossum's IDLE is a cross-platform IDE for Python that is written in Python using Tk. There is also a Windows specific IDE called PythonWin. Emacs users will be happy to know that there is a very good Python mode for Emacs. All of these programming environments provide syntax highlighting, auto-indenting, and access to the interactive interpreter while coding. For more information about IDEs, see XXX.

If your department is currently using Pascal because it was designed to be a teaching language, then you'll be happy to know that Guido van Rossum designed Python to be simple to teach to everyone but powerful enough to implement real world applications. Python makes a good language for first time programmers because that was one of Python's design goals. There are papers at http://www.python.org/doc/essays/ on the Python website by Python's creator explaining his objectives for the language. One that may interest you is titled "Computer Programming for Everybody" http://www.python.org/doc/essays/cp4e.html

If you're seriously considering Python as a language for your school, Guido van Rossum may even be willing to correspond with you about how the language would fit in your curriculum. See http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html#2.2 for examples of Python's use in the "real world."

While Python, its source code, and its IDEs are freely available, this consideration should not rule out other languages. There are other free languages (Java, free C compilers), and many companies are willing to waive some or all of their fees for student programming tools if it guarantees that a whole graduating class will know how to use their tools. That is, if one of the requirements for the language that will be taught is that it be freely available, then Python qualifies, but this requirement does not preclude other languages.

While Python jobs may not be as prevalent as C/C++/Java jobs, teachers should not worry about teaching students critical job skills in their first course. The skills that win students a job are those they learn in their senior classes and internships. Their first programming courses are there to lay a solid foundation in programming fundamentals. The primary question in choosing the language for such a course should be which language permits the students to learn this material without hindering or limiting them.

Another argument for Python is that there are many tasks for which something like C++ is overkill. That's where languages like Python, Perl, Tcl, and Visual Basic thrive. It's critical for students to know something about these languages. (Every employer for whom I've worked used at least one such language.) Of the languages listed above, Python probably makes the best language in a programming curriculum since its syntax is simple, consistent, and not unlike other languages (C/C++/Java) that are probably in the curriculum. By starting students with Python, a department simultaneously lays the foundations for other programming courses and introduces students to the type of language that is often used as a "glue" language. As an added bonus, Python can be used to interface with Microsoft's COM components (thanks to Mark Hammond). There is also Jython, a Java implementation of the Python interpreter, that can be used to connect Java components.

If you currently start students with Pascal or C/C++ or Java, you may be worried they will have trouble learning a statically typed language after starting with Python. I think that this fear most often stems from the fact that the teacher started with a statically typed language, and we tend to like to teach others in the same way we were taught. In reality, the transition from Python to one of these other languages is quite simple.

To motivate a statically typed language such as C++, begin the course by explaining that unlike Python, their first language, C++ is compiled to a machine dependent executable. Explain that the point is to make a very fast executable. To permit the compiler to make optimizations, programmers must help it by specifying the "types" of variables. By restricting each variable to a specific type, the compiler can reduce the book-keeping it has to do to permit dynamic types. The compiler also has to resolve references at compile time. Thus, the language gains speed by sacrificing some of Python's dynamic features. Then again, the C++ compiler provides type safety and catches many bugs at compile time instead of run time (a critical consideration for many commercial applications). C++ is also designed for very large programs where one may want to guarantee that others don't touch an object's implementation. C++ provides very strong language features to separate an object's implementation from its interface. Explain why this separation is a good thing.

The first day of a C++ course could then be a whirlwind introduction to what C++ requires and provides. The point here is that after a semester or two of Python, students are hopefully competent programmers. They know how to handle loops and write procedures. They've also worked with objects, thought about the benefits of consistent interfaces, and used the technique of subclassing to specialize behavior. Thus, a whirlwind introduction to C++ could show them how objects and subclassing looks in C++. The potentially difficult concepts of object-oriented design were taught without the additional obstacles presented by a language such as C++ or Java. When learning one of these languages, the students would already understand the "road map." They understand objects; they would just be learning how objects fit in a statically typed languages. Language requirements and compiler errors that seem unnatural to beginning programmers make sense in this new context. Many students will find it helpful to be able to write a fast prototype of their algorithms in Python. Thus, they can test and debug their ideas before they attempt to write the code in the new language, saving the effort of working with C++ types for when they've discovered a working solution for their assignments. When they get annoyed with the rigidity of types, they'll be happy to learn about containers and templates to regain some of the lost flexibility Python afforded them. Students may also gain an appreciation for the fact that no language is best for every task. They'll see that C++ is faster, but they'll know that they can gain flexibility and development speed with a Python when execution speed isn't critical.

If you have any concerns that weren't addressed here, try posting to the Python newsgroup. Others there have done some work with using Python as an instructional tool. Good luck. We'd love to hear about it if you choose Python for your course.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Dec 2 19:32:35 2002 by Bill Sconce

3. Building Python and Other Known Bugs

3.1. Is there a test set?

Sure. You can run it after building with "make test", or you can run it manually with this command at the Python prompt: 

 import test.autotest
In Python 1.4 or earlier, use 

 import autotest
The test set doesn't test all features of Python, but it goes a long way to confirm that Python is actually working.

NOTE: if "make test" fails, don't just mail the output to the newsgroup -- this doesn't give enough information to debug the problem. Instead, find out which test fails, and run that test manually from an interactive interpreter. For example, if "make test" reports that test_spam fails, try this interactively: 

 import test.test_spam
This generally produces more verbose output which can be diagnosed to debug the problem. If you find a bug in Python or the libraries, or in the tests, please report this in the Python bug tracker at SourceForge:

http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=5470&atid=105470

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Apr 27 10:29:36 2001 by Fred Drake

3.2. When running the test set, I get complaints about floating point operations, but when playing with floating point operations I cannot find anything wrong with them.

The test set makes occasional unwarranted assumptions about the semantics of C floating point operations. Until someone donates a better floating point test set, you will have to comment out the offending floating point tests and execute similar tests manually.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.3. Link errors after rerunning the configure script.

It is generally necessary to run "make clean" after a configuration change.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.4. The python interpreter complains about options passed to a script (after the script name).

You are probably linking with GNU getopt, e.g. through -liberty. Don't. The reason for the complaint is that GNU getopt, unlike System V getopt and other getopt implementations, doesn't consider a non-option to be the end of the option list. A quick (and compatible) fix for scripts is to add "--" to the interpreter, like this: 

        #! /usr/local/bin/python --
You can also use this interactively: 

        python -- script.py [options]
Note that a working getopt implementation is provided in the Python distribution (in Python/getopt.c) but not automatically used.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.5. When building on the SGI, make tries to run python to create glmodule.c, but python hasn't been built or installed yet.

Comment out the line mentioning glmodule.c in Setup and build a python without gl first; install it or make sure it is in your $PATH, then edit the Setup file again to turn on the gl module, and make again. You don't need to do "make clean"; you do need to run "make Makefile" in the Modules subdirectory (or just run "make" at the toplevel).

Edit this entry / Log info

3.6. I use VPATH but some targets are built in the source directory.

On some systems (e.g. Sun), if the target already exists in the source directory, it is created there instead of in the build directory. This is usually because you have previously built without VPATH. Try running "make clobber" in the source directory.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.7. Trouble building or linking with the GNU readline library.

You can use the GNU readline library to improve the interactive user interface: this gives you line editing and command history when calling python interactively. Its sources are distributed with Python (at least for 2.0). Uncomment the line

#readline readline.c -lreadline -ltermcap

in Modules/Setup. The configuration option --with-readline is no longer supported, at least in Python 2.0. Some hints on building and using the readline library: On SGI IRIX 5, you may have to add the following to rldefs.h: 

        #ifndef sigmask
        #define sigmask(sig) (1L << ((sig)-1))
        #endif
On some systems, you will have to add #include "rldefs.h" to the top of several source files, and if you use the VPATH feature, you will have to add dependencies of the form foo.o: foo.c to the Makefile for several values of foo. The readline library requires use of the termcap library. A known problem with this is that it contains entry points which cause conflicts with the STDWIN and SGI GL libraries. The STDWIN conflict can be solved by adding a line saying '#define werase w_erase' to the stdwin.h file (in the STDWIN distribution, subdirectory H). The GL conflict has been solved in the Python configure script by a hack that forces use of the static version of the termcap library. Check the newsgroup gnu.bash.bug news:gnu.bash.bug for specific problems with the readline library (I don't read this group but I've been told that it is the place for readline bugs).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Dec 2 18:23:48 2000 by Issac Trotts

3.8. Trouble with socket I/O on older Linux 1.x versions.

Once you've built Python, use it to run the regen script in the Lib/plat-linux2 directory. Apparently the files as distributed don't match the system headers on some Linux versions.

Note that this FAQ entry only applies to Linux kernel versions 1.x.y; these are hardly around any more.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jul 30 20:05:52 2002 by Jens Kubieziel

3.9. Trouble with prototypes on Ultrix.

Ultrix cc seems broken -- use gcc, or edit config.h to #undef HAVE_PROTOTYPES.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.10. Other trouble building Python on platform X.

Please submit the details to the SourceForge bug tracker: 

  http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=105470
and we'll look into it. Please provide as many details as possible. In particular, if you don't tell us what type of computer and what operating system (and version) you are using it will be difficult for us to figure out what is the matter. If you have compilation output logs, please use file uploads -- don't paste everything in the message box.

In many cases, we won't have access to the same hardware or operating system version, so please, if you have a SourceForge account, log in before filing your report, or if you don't have an account, include an email address at which we can reach you for further questions. Logging in to SourceForge first will also cause SourceForge to send you updates as we act on your report.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Apr 27 10:53:18 2001 by Fred Drake

3.11. How to configure dynamic loading on Linux.

This is now automatic as long as your Linux version uses the ELF object format (all recent Linuxes do).

Edit this entry / Log info

3.12. I can't get shared modules to work on Linux 2.0 (Slackware96)?

This is a bug in the Slackware96 release. The fix is simple: Make sure that there is a link from /lib/libdl.so to /lib/libdl.so.1 so that the following links are setup: /lib/libdl.so -> /lib/libdl.so.1 /lib/libdl.so.1 -> /lib/libdl.so.1.7.14 You may have to rerun the configure script, after rm'ing the config.cache file, before you attempt to rebuild python after this fix.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 21 15:45:03 1997 by GvR

3.13. Trouble when making modules shared on Linux.

This happens when you have built Python for static linking and then enable 
  *shared*
in the Setup file. Shared library code must be compiled with "-fpic". If a .o file for the module already exist that was compiled for static linking, you must remove it or do "make clean" in the Modules directory.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 13:42:30 1997 by GvR

3.14. [deleted]

[ancient information on threads on linux (when thread support was not standard) used to be here]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jun 2 17:27:13 2002 by Erno Kuusela

3.15. Errors when linking with a shared library containing C++ code.

Link the main Python binary with C++. Change the definition of LINKCC in Modules/Makefile to be your C++ compiler. You may have to edit config.c slightly to make it compilable with C++.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.16. Deleted

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Sep 11 16:02:22 2001 by GvR

3.17. Deleted.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Sep 11 15:54:57 2001 by GvR

3.18. Compilation or link errors for the _tkinter module

Most likely, there's a version mismatch between the Tcl/Tk header files (tcl.h and tk.h) and the Tcl/Tk libraries you are using e.g. "-ltk8.0" and "-ltcl8.0" arguments for _tkinter in the Setup file). It is possible to install several versions of the Tcl/Tk libraries, but there can only be one version of the tcl.h and tk.h header files. If the library doesn't match the header, you'll get problems, either when linking the module, or when importing it. Fortunately, the version number is clearly stated in each file, so this is easy to find. Reinstalling and using the latest version usually fixes the problem.

(Also note that when compiling unpatched Python 1.5.1 against Tcl/Tk 7.6/4.2 or older, you get an error on Tcl_Finalize. See the 1.5.1 patch page at http://www.python.org/1.5/patches-1.5.1/.)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jun 11 00:49:14 1998 by Gvr

3.19. I configured and built Python for Tcl/Tk but "import Tkinter" fails.

Most likely, you forgot to enable the line in Setup that says "TKPATH=:$(DESTLIB)/tkinter".

Edit this entry / Log info

3.20. [deleted]

[ancient information on a gcc+tkinter bug on alpha was here]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 16:46:23 2002 by Erno Kuusela

3.21. Several common system calls are missing from the posix module.

Most likely, all test compilations run by the configure script are failing for some reason or another. Have a look in config.log to see what could be the reason. A common reason is specifying a directory to the --with-readline option that doesn't contain the libreadline.a file.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.22. ImportError: No module named string, on MS Windows.

Most likely, your PYTHONPATH environment variable should be set to something like:

set PYTHONPATH=c:\python;c:\python\lib;c:\python\scripts

(assuming Python was installed in c:\python)

Edit this entry / Log info

3.23. Core dump on SGI when using the gl module.

There are conflicts between entry points in the termcap and curses libraries and an entry point in the GL library. There's a hack of a fix for the termcap library if it's needed for the GNU readline library, but it doesn't work when you're using curses. Concluding, you can't build a Python binary containing both the curses and gl modules.

Edit this entry / Log info

3.24. "Initializer not a constant" while building DLL on MS-Windows

Static type object initializers in extension modules may cause compiles to fail with an error message like "initializer not a constant". Fredrik Lundh <Fredrik.Lundh@image.combitech.se> explains:

This shows up when building DLL under MSVC. There's two ways to address this: either compile the module as C++, or change your code to something like: 

  statichere PyTypeObject bstreamtype = {
      PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL) /* must be set by init function */
      0,
      "bstream",
      sizeof(bstreamobject),

  ...

  void
  initbstream()
  {
      /* Patch object type */
      bstreamtype.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
      Py_InitModule("bstream", functions);
      ...
  }

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun May 25 14:58:05 1997 by Aaron Watters

3.25. Output directed to a pipe or file disappears on Linux.

Some people have reported that when they run their script interactively, it runs great, but that when they redirect it to a pipe or file, no output appears. 

    % python script.py
    ...some output...
    % python script.py >file
    % cat file
    % # no output
    % python script.py | cat
    % # no output
    %
This was a bug in Linux kernel. It is fixed and should not appear anymore. So most Linux users are not affected by this.

If redirection doesn't work on your Linux system, check what shell you are using. Shells like (t)csh doesn't support redirection.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jan 16 13:38:30 2003 by Jens Kubieziel

3.26. [deleted]

[ancient libc/linux problem was here]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 16:48:08 2002 by Erno Kuusela

3.27. [deleted]

[ancient linux + threads + tk problem was described here]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 16:49:08 2002 by Erno Kuusela

3.28. How can I test if Tkinter is working?

Try the following: 

  python
  >>> import _tkinter
  >>> import Tkinter
  >>> Tkinter._test()
This should pop up a window with two buttons, one "Click me" and one "Quit".

If the first statement (import _tkinter) fails, your Python installation probably has not been configured to support Tcl/Tk. On Unix, if you have installed Tcl/Tk, you have to rebuild Python after editing the Modules/Setup file to enable the _tkinter module and the TKPATH environment variable.

It is also possible to get complaints about Tcl/Tk version number mismatches or missing TCL_LIBRARY or TK_LIBRARY environment variables. These have to do with Tcl/Tk installation problems.

A common problem is to have installed versions of tcl.h and tk.h that don't match the installed version of the Tcl/Tk libraries; this usually results in linker errors or (when using dynamic loading) complaints about missing symbols during loading the shared library.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Aug 28 17:01:46 1997 by Guido van Rossum

3.29. Is there a way to get the interactive mode of the python interpreter to perform function/variable name completion?

(From a posting by Guido van Rossum)

On Unix, if you have enabled the readline module (i.e. if Emacs-style command line editing and bash-style history works for you), you can add this by importing the undocumented standard library module "rlcompleter". When completing a simple identifier, it completes keywords, built-ins and globals in __main__; when completing NAME.NAME..., it evaluates (!) the expression up to the last dot and completes its attributes.

This way, you can do "import string", type "string.", hit the completion key twice, and see the list of names defined by the string module.

Tip: to use the tab key as the completion key, call 

    readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
You can put this in a ~/.pythonrc file, and set the PYTHONSTARTUP environment variable to ~/.pythonrc. This will cause the completion to be enabled whenever you run Python interactively.

Notes (see the docstring for rlcompleter.py for more information):

* The evaluation of the NAME.NAME... form may cause arbitrary application defined code to be executed if an object with a __getattr__ hook is found. Since it is the responsibility of the application (or the user) to enable this feature, I consider this an acceptable risk. More complicated expressions (e.g. function calls or indexing operations) are not evaluated.

* GNU readline is also used by the built-in functions input() and raw_input(), and thus these also benefit/suffer from the complete features. Clearly an interactive application can benefit by specifying its own completer function and using raw_input() for all its input.

* When stdin is not a tty device, GNU readline is never used, and this module (and the readline module) are silently inactive.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jun 12 09:55:24 1998 by A.M. Kuchling

3.30. Why is the Python interpreter not built as a shared library?

(This is a Unix question; on Mac and Windows, it is a shared library.)

It's just a nightmare to get this to work on all different platforms. Shared library portability is a pain. And yes, I know about GNU libtool -- but it requires me to use its conventions for filenames etc, and it would require a complete and utter rewrite of all the makefile and config tools I'm currently using.

In practice, few applications embed Python -- it's much more common to have Python extensions, which already are shared libraries. Also, serious embedders often want total control over which Python version and configuration they use so they wouldn't want to use a standard shared library anyway. So while the motivation of saving space when lots of apps embed Python is nice in theory, I doubt that it will save much in practice. (Hence the low priority I give to making a shared library.)

For Linux systems, the simplest method of producing libpython1.5.so seems to be (originally from the Minotaur project web page, http://www.equi4.com/minotaur/minotaur.html): 

  make distclean 
  ./configure 
  make OPT="-fpic -O2" 
  mkdir .extract 
  (cd .extract; ar xv ../libpython1.5.a) 
  gcc -shared -o libpython1.5.so .extract/*.o 
  rm -rf .extract
In Python 2.3 this will be supported by the standard build routine (at least on Linux) with --enable-shared. Note however that there is little advantage, and it slows down Python because of the need for PIC code and the extra cost at startup time to find the library.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu May 30 13:36:55 2002 by GvR

3.31. Build with GCC on Solaris 2.6 (SunOS 5.6) fails

If you have upgraded Solaris 2.5 or 2.5.1 to Solaris 2.6, but you have not upgraded your GCC installation, the compile may fail, e.g. like this: 

 In file included from /usr/include/sys/stream.h:26,
                  from /usr/include/netinet/in.h:38,
                  from /usr/include/netdb.h:96,
                  from ./socketmodule.c:121:
 /usr/include/sys/model.h:32: #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified"
Solution: rebuild GCC for Solaris 2.6. You might be able to simply re-run fixincludes, but people have had mixed success with doing that.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Oct 21 11:18:46 1998 by GvR

3.32. Running "make clean" seems to leave problematic files that cause subsequent builds to fail.

Use "make clobber" instead.

Use "make clean" to reduce the size of the source/build directory after you're happy with your build and installation. If you have already tried to build python and you'd like to start over, you should use "make clobber". It does a "make clean" and also removes files such as the partially built Python library from a previous build.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jun 24 20:39:26 1999 by TAB

3.33. Submitting bug reports and patches

To report a bug or submit a patch, please use the relevant service from the Python project at SourceForge.

Bugs: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=105470

Patches: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=305470

If you have a SourceForge account, please log in before submitting your bug report; this will make it easier for us to contact you regarding your report in the event we have follow-up questions. It will also enable SourceForge to send you update information as we act on your bug. If you do not have a SourceForge account, please consider leaving your name and email address as part of the report.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Apr 27 10:58:26 2001 by Fred Drake

3.34. I can't load shared libraries under Python 1.5.2, Solaris 7, and gcc 2.95.2

When trying to load shared libraries, you may see errors like: ImportError: ld.so.1: python: fatal: relocation error: file /usr/local/lib/python1.5/site-packages/Perp/util/du_SweepUtilc.so: 
 symbol PyExc_RuntimeError: referenced symbol not found

There is a problem with the configure script for Python 1.5.2 under Solaris 7 with gcc 2.95 . configure should set the make variable LINKFORSHARED=-Xlinker -export-dynamic

in Modules/Makefile,

Manually add this line to the Modules/Makefile. This builds a Python executable that can load shared library extensions (xxx.so) .

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Feb 19 10:37:05 2001 by GvR

3.35. In the regression test, test___all__ fails for the profile module. What's wrong?

If you have been using the profile module, and have properly calibrated a copy of the module as described in the documentation for the profiler:

http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/profile-calibration.html

then it is possible that the regression test "test___all__" will fail if you run the regression test manually rather than using "make test" in the Python source directory. This will happen if you have set your PYTHONPATH environment variable to include the directory containing your calibrated profile module. You have probably calibrated the profiler using an older version of the profile module which does not define the __all__ value, added to the module as of Python 2.1.

The problem can be fixed by removing the old calibrated version of the profile module and using the latest version to do a fresh calibration. In general, you will need to re-calibrate for each version of Python anyway, since the performance characteristics can change in subtle ways that impact profiling.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Apr 27 10:44:10 2001 by Fred Drake

3.36. relocations remain against allocatable but non-writable sections

This linker error occurs on Solaris if you attempt to build an extension module which incorporates position-dependent (non-PIC) code. A common source of problems is that a static library (.a file), such as libreadline.a or libcrypto.a is linked with the extension module. The error specifically occurs when using gcc as the compiler, but /usr/ccs/bin/ld as the linker.

The following solutions and work-arounds are known:

1. Rebuild the libraries (libreadline, libcrypto) with -fPIC (-KPIC if using the system compiler). This is recommended; all object files in a shared library should be position-independent.

2. Statically link the extension module and its libraries into the Python interpreter, by editing Modules/Setup.

3. Use GNU ld instead of /usr/ccs/bin/ld; GNU ld will accept non-PIC code in shared libraries (and mark the section writable)

4. Pass -mimpure-text to GCC when linking the module. This will force gcc to not pass -z text to ld; in turn, ld will make all text sections writable.

Options 3 and 4 are not recommended, since the ability to share code across processes is lost.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 29 12:05:11 2002 by Martin v. Löwis

4. Programming in Python

4.1. Is there a source code level debugger with breakpoints, step, etc.?

Yes.

Module pdb is a rudimentary but adequate console-mode debugger for Python. It is part of the standard Python library, and is documented in the Library Reference Manual. (You can also write your own debugger by using the code for pdb as an example.)

The IDLE interactive development environment, which is part of the standard Python distribution (normally available in Tools/idle), includes a graphical debugger. There is documentation for the IDLE debugger at http://www.python.org/idle/doc/idle2.html#Debugger

Pythonwin is a Python IDE that includes a GUI debugger based on bdb. The Pythonwin debugger colors breakpoints and has quite a few cool features (including debugging non-Pythonwin programs). A reference can be found at http://www.python.org/ftp/python/pythonwin/pwindex.html More recent versions of PythonWin are available as a part of the ActivePython distribution (see http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePython/index.html).

Pydb is a version of the standard Python debugger pdb, modified for use with DDD (Data Display Debugger), a popular graphical debugger front end. Pydb can be found at http://packages.debian.org/unstable/devel/pydb.html and DDD can be found at http://www.gnu.org/software/ddd/

There are a number of commmercial Python IDEs that include graphical debuggers. They include: 

 * Wing IDE (http://wingide.com/) 
 * Komodo IDE (http://www.activestate.com/Products/Komodo/)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 28 01:43:41 2003 by Stephen Ferg

4.2. Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)? (Also phrased as: Can I use a built-in type as base class?)

In Python 2.2, you can inherit from builtin classes such as int, list, dict, etc.

In previous versions of Python, you can easily create a Python class which serves as a wrapper around a built-in object, e.g. (for dictionaries): 

        # A user-defined class behaving almost identical
        # to a built-in dictionary.
        class UserDict:
                def __init__(self): self.data = {}
                def __repr__(self): return repr(self.data)
                def __cmp__(self, dict):
                        if type(dict) == type(self.data):
                                return cmp(self.data, dict)
                        else:
                                return cmp(self.data, dict.data)
                def __len__(self): return len(self.data)
                def __getitem__(self, key): return self.data[key]
                def __setitem__(self, key, item): self.data[key] = item
                def __delitem__(self, key): del self.data[key]
                def keys(self): return self.data.keys()
                def items(self): return self.data.items()
                def values(self): return self.data.values()
                def has_key(self, key): return self.data.has_key(key)
A2. See Jim Fulton's ExtensionClass for an example of a mechanism which allows you to have superclasses which you can inherit from in Python -- that way you can have some methods from a C superclass (call it a mixin) and some methods from either a Python superclass or your subclass. ExtensionClass is distributed as a part of Zope (see http://www.zope.org), but will be phased out with Zope 3, since Zope 3 uses Python 2.2 or later which supports direct inheritance from built-in types. Here's a link to the original paper about ExtensionClass: http://debian.acm.ndsu.nodak.edu/doc/python-extclass/ExtensionClass.html

A3. The Boost Python Library (BPL, http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html) provides a way of doing this from C++ (i.e. you can inherit from an extension class written in C++ using the BPL).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue May 28 21:09:52 2002 by GvR

4.3. Is there a curses/termcap package for Python?

The standard Python source distribution comes with a curses module in the Modules/ subdirectory, though it's not compiled by default (note that this is not available in the Windows distribution -- there is no curses module for Windows).

In Python versions before 2.0 the module only supported plain curses; you couldn't use ncurses features like colors with it (though it would link with ncurses).

In Python 2.0, the curses module has been greatly extended, starting from Oliver Andrich's enhanced version, to provide many additional functions from ncurses and SYSV curses, such as colour, alternative character set support, pads, and mouse support. This means the module is no longer compatible with operating systems that only have BSD curses, but there don't seem to be any currently maintained OSes that fall into this category.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jun 23 20:24:06 2002 by Tim Peters

4.4. Is there an equivalent to C's onexit() in Python?

For Python 2.0: The new atexit module provides a register function that is similar to C's onexit. See the Library Reference for details. For 2.0 you should not assign to sys.exitfunc!

For Python 1.5.2: You need to import sys and assign a function to sys.exitfunc, it will be called when your program exits, is killed by an unhandled exception, or (on UNIX) receives a SIGHUP or SIGTERM signal.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Dec 28 12:14:55 2000 by Bjorn Pettersen

4.5. [deleted]

[python used to lack nested scopes, it was explained here]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 21 05:18:22 2002 by Erno Kuusela

4.6. How do I iterate over a sequence in reverse order?

If it is a list, the fastest solution is 

        list.reverse()
        try:
                for x in list:
                        "do something with x"
        finally:
                list.reverse()
This has the disadvantage that while you are in the loop, the list is temporarily reversed. If you don't like this, you can make a copy. This appears expensive but is actually faster than other solutions: 

        rev = list[:]
        rev.reverse()
        for x in rev:
                <do something with x>
If it's not a list, a more general but slower solution is: 

        for i in range(len(sequence)-1, -1, -1):
                x = sequence[i]
                <do something with x>
A more elegant solution, is to define a class which acts as a sequence and yields the elements in reverse order (solution due to Steve Majewski): 

        class Rev:
                def __init__(self, seq):
                        self.forw = seq
                def __len__(self):
                        return len(self.forw)
                def __getitem__(self, i):
                        return self.forw[-(i + 1)]
You can now simply write: 

        for x in Rev(list):
                <do something with x>
Unfortunately, this solution is slowest of all, due to the method call overhead...

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun May 25 21:10:50 1997 by GvR

4.7. My program is too slow. How do I speed it up?

That's a tough one, in general. There are many tricks to speed up Python code; I would consider rewriting parts in C only as a last resort. One thing to notice is that function and (especially) method calls are rather expensive; if you have designed a purely OO interface with lots of tiny functions that don't do much more than get or set an instance variable or call another method, you may consider using a more direct way, e.g. directly accessing instance variables. Also see the standard module "profile" (described in the Library Reference manual) which makes it possible to find out where your program is spending most of its time (if you have some patience -- the profiling itself can slow your program down by an order of magnitude).

Remember that many standard optimization heuristics you may know from other programming experience may well apply to Python. For example it may be faster to send output to output devices using larger writes rather than smaller ones in order to avoid the overhead of kernel system calls. Thus CGI scripts that write all output in "one shot" may be notably faster than those that write lots of small pieces of output.

Also, be sure to use "aggregate" operations where appropriate. For example the "slicing" feature allows programs to chop up lists and other sequence objects in a single tick of the interpreter mainloop using highly optimized C implementations. Thus to get the same effect as 

  L2 = []
  for i in range[3]:
       L2.append(L1[i])
it is much shorter and far faster to use 

  L2 = list(L1[:3]) # "list" is redundant if L1 is a list.
Note that the map() function, particularly used with builtin methods or builtin functions can be a convenient accelerator. For example to pair the elements of two lists together: 

  >>> map(None, [1,2,3], [4,5,6])
  [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
or to compute a number of sines: 

  >>> map( math.sin, (1,2,3,4))
  [0.841470984808, 0.909297426826, 0.14112000806,   -0.756802495308]
The map operation completes very quickly in such cases.

Other examples of aggregate operations include the join and split methods of string objects. For example if s1..s7 are large (10K+) strings then "".join([s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7]) may be far faster than the more obvious s1+s2+s3+s4+s5+s6+s7, since the "summation" will compute many subexpressions, whereas join does all copying in one pass. For manipulating strings also consider the regular expression libraries and the "substitution" operations String % tuple and String % dictionary. Also be sure to use the list.sort builtin method to do sorting, and see FAQ's 4.51 and 4.59 for examples of moderately advanced usage -- list.sort beats other techniques for sorting in all but the most extreme circumstances.

There are many other aggregate operations available in the standard libraries and in contributed libraries and extensions.

Another common trick is to "push loops into functions or methods." For example suppose you have a program that runs slowly and you use the profiler (profile.run) to determine that a Python function ff is being called lots of times. If you notice that ff 

   def ff(x):
       ...do something with x computing result...
       return result
tends to be called in loops like (A) 

   list = map(ff, oldlist)
or (B) 

   for x in sequence:
       value = ff(x)
       ...do something with value...
then you can often eliminate function call overhead by rewriting ff to 

   def ffseq(seq):
       resultseq = []
       for x in seq:
           ...do something with x computing result...
           resultseq.append(result)
       return resultseq
and rewrite (A) to 

    list = ffseq(oldlist)
and (B) to 

    for value in ffseq(sequence):
        ...do something with value...
Other single calls ff(x) translate to ffseq([x])[0] with little penalty. Of course this technique is not always appropriate and there are other variants, which you can figure out.

You can gain some performance by explicitly storing the results of a function or method lookup into a local variable. A loop like 

    for key in token:
        dict[key] = dict.get(key, 0) + 1
resolves dict.get every iteration. If the method isn't going to change, a faster implementation is 

    dict_get = dict.get  # look up the method once
    for key in token:
        dict[key] = dict_get(key, 0) + 1
Default arguments can be used to determine values once, at compile time instead of at run time. This can only be done for functions or objects which will not be changed during program execution, such as replacing 

    def degree_sin(deg):
        return math.sin(deg * math.pi / 180.0)
with 

    def degree_sin(deg, factor = math.pi/180.0, sin = math.sin):
        return sin(deg * factor)
Because this trick uses default arguments for terms which should not be changed, it should only be used when you are not concerned with presenting a possibly confusing API to your users.

For an anecdote related to optimization, see 

	http://www.python.org/doc/essays/list2str.html

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 01:03:54 2002 by Neal Norwitz

4.8. When I have imported a module, then edit it, and import it again (into the same Python process), the changes don't seem to take place. What is going on?

For reasons of efficiency as well as consistency, Python only reads the module file on the first time a module is imported. (Otherwise a program consisting of many modules, each of which imports the same basic module, would read the basic module over and over again.) To force rereading of a changed module, do this: 

        import modname
        reload(modname)
Warning: this technique is not 100% fool-proof. In particular, modules containing statements like 

        from modname import some_objects
will continue to work with the old version of the imported objects.

Edit this entry / Log info

4.9. How do I find the current module name?

A module can find out its own module name by looking at the (predefined) global variable __name__. If this has the value '__main__' you are running as a script.

Edit this entry / Log info

4.10. I have a module in which I want to execute some extra code when it is run as a script. How do I find out whether I am running as a script?

See the previous question. E.g. if you put the following on the last line of your module, main() is called only when your module is running as a script: 

        if __name__ == '__main__': main()

Edit this entry / Log info

4.11. I try to run a program from the Demo directory but it fails with ImportError: No module named ...; what gives?

This is probably an optional module (written in C!) which hasn't been configured on your system. This especially happens with modules like "Tkinter", "stdwin", "gl", "Xt" or "Xm". For Tkinter, STDWIN and many other modules, see Modules/Setup.in for info on how to add these modules to your Python, if it is possible at all. Sometimes you will have to ftp and build another package first (e.g. Tcl and Tk for Tkinter). Sometimes the module only works on specific platforms (e.g. gl only works on SGI machines).

NOTE: if the complaint is about "Tkinter" (upper case T) and you have already configured module "tkinter" (lower case t), the solution is not to rename tkinter to Tkinter or vice versa. There is probably something wrong with your module search path. Check out the value of sys.path.

For X-related modules (Xt and Xm) you will have to do more work: they are currently not part of the standard Python distribution. You will have to ftp the Extensions tar file, i.e. ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/src/X-extension.tar.gz and follow the instructions there.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Feb 12 21:31:08 2003 by Jens Kubieziel

4.12. [deleted]

[stdwin (long dead windowing library) entry deleted]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 21 08:30:13 2002 by Erno Kuusela

4.13. What GUI toolkits exist for Python?

Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are several.

Currently supported solutions:

Cross-platform:

Tk:

There's a neat object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk widget set, called Tkinter. It is part of the standard Python distribution and well-supported -- all you need to do is build and install Tcl/Tk and enable the _tkinter module and the TKPATH definition in Modules/Setup when building Python. This is probably the easiest to install and use, and the most complete widget set. It is also very likely that in the future the standard Python GUI API will be based on or at least look very much like the Tkinter interface. For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the Tcl/Tk home page at http://www.scriptics.com. Tcl/Tk is now fully portable to the Mac and Windows platforms (NT and 95 only); you need Python 1.4beta3 or later and Tk 4.1patch1 or later.

wxWindows:

There's an interface to wxWindows called wxPython. wxWindows is a portable GUI class library written in C++. It supports GTK, Motif, MS-Windows and Mac as targets. Ports to other platforms are being contemplated or have already had some work done on them. wxWindows preserves the look and feel of the underlying graphics toolkit, and there is quite a rich widget set and collection of GDI classes. See the wxWindows page at http://www.wxwindows.org/ for more details. wxPython is a python extension module that wraps many of the wxWindows C++ classes, and is quickly gaining popularity amongst Python developers. You can get wxPython as part of the source or CVS distribution of wxWindows, or directly from its home page at http://alldunn.com/wxPython/.

Gtk+:

PyGtk bindings for the Gtk+ Toolkit by James Henstridge exist; see ftp://ftp.daa.com.au/pub/james/python/. Note that there are two incompatible bindings. If you are using Gtk+ 1.2.x you should get the 0.6.x PyGtk bindings from 

    ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/python/v1.2
If you plan to use Gtk+ 2.0 with Python (highly recommended if you are just starting with Gtk), get the most recent distribution from 

    ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/python/v2.0
If you are adventurous, you can also check out the source from the Gnome CVS repository. Set your CVS directory to :pserver:anonymous@anoncvs.gnome.org:/cvs/gnome and check the gnome-python module out from the repository.

Other:

There are also bindings available for the Qt toolkit (PyQt), and for KDE (PyKDE); see http://www.thekompany.com/projects/pykde/.

For OpenGL bindings, see http://starship.python.net/~da/PyOpenGL.

Platform specific:

The Mac port has a rich and ever-growing set of modules that support the native Mac toolbox calls. See the documentation that comes with the Mac port. See ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/mac. Support by Jack Jansen jack@cwi.nl.

Pythonwin by Mark Hammond (MHammond@skippinet.com.au) includes an interface to the Microsoft Foundation Classes and a Python programming environment using it that's written mostly in Python. See http://www.python.org/windows/.

There's an object-oriented GUI based on the Microsoft Foundation Classes model called WPY, supported by Jim Ahlstrom jim@interet.com. Programs written in WPY run unchanged and with native look and feel on Windows NT/95, Windows 3.1 (using win32s), and on Unix (using Tk). Source and binaries for Windows and Linux are available in ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/wpy/.

Obsolete or minority solutions:

There's an interface to X11, including the Athena and Motif widget sets (and a few individual widgets, like Mosaic's HTML widget and SGI's GL widget) available from ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/src/X-extension.tar.gz. Support by Sjoerd Mullender sjoerd@cwi.nl.

On top of the X11 interface there's the vpApp toolkit by Per Spilling, now also maintained by Sjoerd Mullender sjoerd@cwi.nl. See ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/sjoerd/vpApp.tar.gz.

For SGI IRIX only, there are unsupported interfaces to the complete GL (Graphics Library -- low level but very good 3D capabilities) as well as to FORMS (a buttons-and-sliders-etc package built on top of GL by Mark Overmars -- ftp'able from ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/pub/SGI/FORMS/). This is probably also becoming obsolete, as OpenGL takes over (see above).

There's an interface to STDWIN, a platform-independent low-level windowing interface for Mac and X11. This is totally unsupported and rapidly becoming obsolete. The STDWIN sources are at ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/stdwin/.

There is an interface to WAFE, a Tcl interface to the X11 Motif and Athena widget sets. WAFE is at http://www.wu-wien.ac.at/wafe/wafe.html.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon May 13 21:40:39 2002 by Skip Montanaro

4.14. Are there any interfaces to database packages in Python?

Yes! See the Database Topic Guide at http://www.python.org/topics/database/ for details.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 4 20:12:19 2000 by Barney Warplug

4.15. Is it possible to write obfuscated one-liners in Python?

Yes. See the following three examples, due to Ulf Bartelt: 

        # Primes < 1000
        print filter(None,map(lambda y:y*reduce(lambda x,y:x*y!=0,
        map(lambda x,y=y:y%x,range(2,int(pow(y,0.5)+1))),1),range(2,1000)))

        # First 10 Fibonacci numbers
        print map(lambda x,f=lambda x,f:(x<=1) or (f(x-1,f)+f(x-2,f)): f(x,f),
        range(10))

        # Mandelbrot set
        print (lambda Ru,Ro,Iu,Io,IM,Sx,Sy:reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,map(lambda y,
        Iu=Iu,Io=Io,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,Sy=Sy,L=lambda yc,Iu=Iu,Io=Io,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,i=IM,
        Sx=Sx,Sy=Sy:reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,map(lambda x,xc=Ru,yc=yc,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,
        i=i,Sx=Sx,F=lambda xc,yc,x,y,k,f=lambda xc,yc,x,y,k,f:(k<=0)or (x*x+y*y
        >=4.0) or 1+f(xc,yc,x*x-y*y+xc,2.0*x*y+yc,k-1,f):f(xc,yc,x,y,k,f):chr(
        64+F(Ru+x*(Ro-Ru)/Sx,yc,0,0,i)),range(Sx))):L(Iu+y*(Io-Iu)/Sy),range(Sy
        ))))(-2.1, 0.7, -1.2, 1.2, 30, 80, 24)
        #    \___ ___/  \___ ___/  |   |   |__ lines on screen
        #        V          V      |   |______ columns on screen
        #        |          |      |__________ maximum of "iterations"
        #        |          |_________________ range on y axis
        #        |____________________________ range on x axis
Don't try this at home, kids!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 21 15:48:33 1997 by GvR

4.16. Is there an equivalent of C's "?:" ternary operator?

Not directly. In many cases you can mimic a?b:c with "a and b or c", but there's a flaw: if b is zero (or empty, or None -- anything that tests false) then c will be selected instead. In many cases you can prove by looking at the code that this can't happen (e.g. because b is a constant or has a type that can never be false), but in general this can be a problem.

Tim Peters (who wishes it was Steve Majewski) suggested the following solution: (a and [b] or [c])[0]. Because [b] is a singleton list it is never false, so the wrong path is never taken; then applying [0] to the whole thing gets the b or c that you really wanted. Ugly, but it gets you there in the rare cases where it is really inconvenient to rewrite your code using 'if'.

As a last resort it is possible to implement the "?:" operator as a function: 

    def q(cond,on_true,on_false):
        from inspect import isfunction

        if cond:
            if not isfunction(on_true): return on_true
            else: return apply(on_true)
        else:
            if not isfunction(on_false): return on_false 
            else: return apply(on_false)
In most cases you'll pass b and c directly: q(a,b,c). To avoid evaluating b or c when they shouldn't be, encapsulate them within a lambda function, e.g.: q(a,lambda: b, lambda: c).

It has been asked why Python has no if-then-else expression, since most language have one; it is a frequently requested feature.

There are several possible answers: just as many languages do just fine without one; it can easily lead to less readable code; no sufficiently "Pythonic" syntax has been discovered; a search of the standard library found remarkably few places where using an if-then-else expression would make the code more understandable.

Nevertheless, in an effort to decide once and for all whether an if-then-else expression should be added to the language, PEP 308 (http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0308.html) has been put forward, proposing a specific syntax. The community can now vote on this issue.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Feb 7 19:41:13 2003 by David Goodger

4.17. My class defines __del__ but it is not called when I delete the object.

There are several possible reasons for this.

The del statement does not necessarily call __del__ -- it simply decrements the object's reference count, and if this reaches zero __del__ is called.

If your data structures contain circular links (e.g. a tree where each child has a parent pointer and each parent has a list of children) the reference counts will never go back to zero. You'll have to define an explicit close() method which removes those pointers. Please don't ever call __del__ directly -- __del__ should call close() and close() should make sure that it can be called more than once for the same object.

If the object has ever been a local variable (or argument, which is really the same thing) to a function that caught an expression in an except clause, chances are that a reference to the object still exists in that function's stack frame as contained in the stack trace. Normally, deleting (better: assigning None to) sys.exc_traceback will take care of this. If a stack was printed for an unhandled exception in an interactive interpreter, delete sys.last_traceback instead.

There is code that deletes all objects when the interpreter exits, but it is not called if your Python has been configured to support threads (because other threads may still be active). You can define your own cleanup function using sys.exitfunc (see question 4.4).

Finally, if your __del__ method raises an exception, a warning message is printed to sys.stderr.

Starting with Python 2.0, a garbage collector periodically reclaims the space used by most cycles with no external references. (See the "gc" module documentation for details.) There are, however, pathological cases where it can be expected to fail. Moreover, the garbage collector runs some time after the last reference to your data structure vanishes, so your __del__ method may be called at an inconvenient and random time. This is inconvenient if you're trying to reproduce a problem. Worse, the order in which object's __del__ methods are executed is arbitrary.

Another way to avoid cyclical references is to use the "weakref" module, which allows you to point to objects without incrementing their reference count. Tree data structures, for instance, should use weak references for their parent and sibling pointers (if they need them!).

Question 6.14 is intended to explain the new garbage collection algorithm.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 10 15:27:28 2002 by Matthias Urlichs

4.18. How do I change the shell environment for programs called using os.popen() or os.system()? Changing os.environ doesn't work.

You must be using either a version of python before 1.4, or on a (rare) system that doesn't have the putenv() library function.

Before Python 1.4, modifying the environment passed to subshells was left out of the interpreter because there seemed to be no well-established portable way to do it (in particular, some systems, have putenv(), others have setenv(), and some have none at all). As of Python 1.4, almost all Unix systems do have putenv(), and so does the Win32 API, and thus the os module was modified so that changes to os.environ are trapped and the corresponding putenv() call is made.

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4.19. What is a class?

A class is the particular object type created by executing a class statement. Class objects are used as templates, to create instance objects, which embody both the data structure (attributes) and program routines (methods) specific to a datatype.

A class can be based on one or more other classes, called its base class(es). It then inherits the attributes and methods of its base classes. This allows an object model to be successively refined by inheritance.

The term "classic class" is used to refer to the original class implementation in Python. One problem with classic classes is their inability to use the built-in data types (such as list and dictionary) as base classes. Starting with Python 2.2 an attempt is in progress to unify user-defined classes and built-in types. It is now possible to declare classes that inherit from built-in types.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon May 27 01:31:21 2002 by Steve Holden

4.20. What is a method?

A method is a function that you normally call as x.name(arguments...) for some object x. The term is used for methods of classes and class instances as well as for methods of built-in objects. (The latter have a completely different implementation and only share the way their calls look in Python code.) Methods of classes (and class instances) are defined as functions inside the class definition.

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4.21. What is self?

Self is merely a conventional name for the first argument of a method -- i.e. a function defined inside a class definition. A method defined as meth(self, a, b, c) should be called as x.meth(a, b, c) for some instance x of the class in which the definition occurs; the called method will think it is called as meth(x, a, b, c).

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4.22. What is an unbound method?

An unbound method is a method defined in a class that is not yet bound to an instance. You get an unbound method if you ask for a class attribute that happens to be a function. You get a bound method if you ask for an instance attribute. A bound method knows which instance it belongs to and calling it supplies the instance automatically; an unbound method only knows which class it wants for its first argument (a derived class is also OK). Calling an unbound method doesn't "magically" derive the first argument from the context -- you have to provide it explicitly.

Trivia note regarding bound methods: each reference to a bound method of a particular object creates a bound method object. If you have two such references (a = inst.meth; b = inst.meth), they will compare equal (a == b) but are not the same (a is not b).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 6 18:07:25 1998 by Clarence Gardner

4.23. How do I call a method defined in a base class from a derived class that overrides it?

If your class definition starts with "class Derived(Base): ..." then you can call method meth defined in Base (or one of Base's base classes) as Base.meth(self, arguments...). Here, Base.meth is an unbound method (see previous question).

Edit this entry / Log info

4.24. How do I call a method from a base class without using the name of the base class?

DON'T DO THIS. REALLY. I MEAN IT. It appears that you could call self.__class__.__bases__[0].meth(self, arguments...) but this fails when a doubly-derived method is derived from your class: for its instances, self.__class__.__bases__[0] is your class, not its base class -- so (assuming you are doing this from within Derived.meth) you would start a recursive call.

Often when you want to do this you are forgetting that classes are first class in Python. You can "point to" the class you want to delegate an operation to either at the instance or at the subclass level. For example if you want to use a "glorp" operation of a superclass you can point to the right superclass to use. 

  class subclass(superclass1, superclass2, superclass3):
      delegate_glorp = superclass2
      ...
      def glorp(self, arg1, arg2):
            ... subclass specific stuff ...
            self.delegate_glorp.glorp(self, arg1, arg2)
       ...

  class subsubclass(subclass):
       delegate_glorp = superclass3
       ...
Note, however that setting delegate_glorp to subclass in subsubclass would cause an infinite recursion on subclass.delegate_glorp. Careful! Maybe you are getting too fancy for your own good. Consider simplifying the design (?).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jul 28 13:58:22 1997 by aaron watters

4.25. How can I organize my code to make it easier to change the base class?

You could define an alias for the base class, assign the real base class to it before your class definition, and use the alias throughout your class. Then all you have to change is the value assigned to the alias. Incidentally, this trick is also handy if you want to decide dynamically (e.g. depending on availability of resources) which base class to use. Example: 

        BaseAlias = <real base class>
        class Derived(BaseAlias):
                def meth(self):
                        BaseAlias.meth(self)
                        ...

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 21 15:49:57 1997 by GvR

4.26. How can I find the methods or attributes of an object?

This depends on the object type.

For an instance x of a user-defined class, instance attributes are found in the dictionary x.__dict__, and methods and attributes defined by its class are found in x.__class__.__bases__[i].__dict__ (for i in range(len(x.__class__.__bases__))). You'll have to walk the tree of base classes to find all class methods and attributes.

Many, but not all built-in types define a list of their method names in x.__methods__, and if they have data attributes, their names may be found in x.__members__. However this is only a convention.

For more information, read the source of the standard (but undocumented) module newdir.

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4.27. I can't seem to use os.read() on a pipe created with os.popen().

os.read() is a low-level function which takes a file descriptor (a small integer). os.popen() creates a high-level file object -- the same type used for sys.std{in,out,err} and returned by the builtin open() function. Thus, to read n bytes from a pipe p created with os.popen(), you need to use p.read(n).

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4.28. How can I create a stand-alone binary from a Python script?

Even though there are Python compilers being developed, you probably don't need a real compiler, if all you want is a stand-alone program. There are three solutions to that.

One is to use the freeze tool, which is included in the Python source tree as Tools/freeze. It converts Python byte code to C arrays. Using a C compiler, you can embed all your modules into a new program, which is then linked with the standard Python modules.

It works by scanning your source recursively for import statements (in both forms) and looking for the modules in the standard Python path as well as in the source directory (for built-in modules). It then 1 the modules written in Python to C code (array initializers that can be turned into code objects using the marshal module) and creates a custom-made config file that only contains those built-in modules which are actually used in the program. It then compiles the generated C code and links it with the rest of the Python interpreter to form a self-contained binary which acts exactly like your script.

(Hint: the freeze program only works if your script's filename ends in ".py".)

There are several utilities which may be helpful. The first is Gordon McMillan's installer at 

    http://www.mcmillan-inc.com/install1.html
which works on Windows, Linux and at least some forms of Unix.

Another is Thomas Heller's py2exe (Windows only) at 

    http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/py2exe/
A third is Christian Tismer's SQFREEZE (http://starship.python.net/crew/pirx/) which appends the byte code to a specially-prepared Python interpreter, which will find the byte code in executable.

A fourth is Fredrik Lundh's Squeeze (http://www.pythonware.com/products/python/squeeze/).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Jun 19 14:01:30 2002 by Gordon McMillan

4.29. What WWW tools are there for Python?

See the chapters titled "Internet Protocols and Support" and "Internet Data Handling" in the Library Reference Manual. Python is full of good things which will help you build server-side and client-side web systems.

A summary of available frameworks is maintained by Paul Boddie at 

    http://thor.prohosting.com/~pboddie/Python/web_modules.html
Cameron Laird maintains a useful set of pages about Python web technologies at 

   http://starbase.neosoft.com/~claird/comp.lang.python/web_python.html/
There was a web browser written in Python, called Grail -- see http://sourceforge.net/project/grail/. This project has been terminated; http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grail/grail/README gives more details.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Nov 11 22:48:25 2002 by GvR

4.30. How do I run a subprocess with pipes connected to both input and output?

Use the standard popen2 module. For example: 

	import popen2
	fromchild, tochild = popen2.popen2("command")
	tochild.write("input\n")
	tochild.flush()
	output = fromchild.readline()
Warning: in general, it is unwise to do this, because you can easily cause a deadlock where your process is blocked waiting for output from the child, while the child is blocked waiting for input from you. This can be caused because the parent expects the child to output more text than it does, or it can be caused by data being stuck in stdio buffers due to lack of flushing. The Python parent can of course explicitly flush the data it sends to the child before it reads any output, but if the child is a naive C program it can easily have been written to never explicitly flush its output, even if it is interactive, since flushing is normally automatic.

Note that a deadlock is also possible if you use popen3 to read stdout and stderr. If one of the two is too large for the internal buffer (increasing the buffersize does not help) and you read() the other one first, there is a deadlock, too.

Note on a bug in popen2: unless your program calls wait() or waitpid(), finished child processes are never removed, and eventually calls to popen2 will fail because of a limit on the number of child processes. Calling os.waitpid with the os.WNOHANG option can prevent this; a good place to insert such a call would be before calling popen2 again.

Another way to produce a deadlock: Call a wait() and there is still more output from the program than what fits into the internal buffers.

In many cases, all you really need is to run some data through a command and get the result back. Unless the data is infinite in size, the easiest (and often the most efficient!) way to do this is to write it to a temporary file and run the command with that temporary file as input. The standard module tempfile exports a function mktemp() which generates unique temporary file names. 

 import tempfile
 import os
 class Popen3:
    """
    This is a deadlock-save version of popen, that returns
    an object with errorlevel, out (a string) and err (a string).
    (capturestderr may not work under windows.)
    Example: print Popen3('grep spam','\n\nhere spam\n\n').out
    """
    def __init__(self,command,input=None,capturestderr=None):
        outfile=tempfile.mktemp()
        command="( %s ) > %s" % (command,outfile)
        if input:
            infile=tempfile.mktemp()
            open(infile,"w").write(input)
            command=command+" <"+infile
        if capturestderr:
            errfile=tempfile.mktemp()
            command=command+" 2>"+errfile
        self.errorlevel=os.system(command) >> 8
        self.out=open(outfile,"r").read()
        os.remove(outfile)
        if input:
            os.remove(infile)
        if capturestderr:
            self.err=open(errfile,"r").read()
            os.remove(errfile)
Note that many interactive programs (e.g. vi) don't work well with pipes substituted for standard input and output. You will have to use pseudo ttys ("ptys") instead of pipes. There is some undocumented code to use these in the library module pty.py -- I'm afraid you're on your own here.

A different answer is a Python interface to Don Libes' "expect" library. A Python extension that interfaces to expect is called "expy" and available from http://expectpy.sourceforge.net/.

A pure Python solution that works like expect is pexpect of Noah Spurrier. A beta version is available from http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Sep 3 16:31:31 2002 by Tobias Polzin

4.31. How do I call a function if I have the arguments in a tuple?

Use the built-in function apply(). For instance, 

    func(1, 2, 3)
is equivalent to 

    args = (1, 2, 3)
    apply(func, args)
Note that func(args) is not the same -- it calls func() with exactly one argument, the tuple args, instead of three arguments, the integers 1, 2 and 3.

In Python 2.0, you can also use extended call syntax:

f(*args) is equivalent to apply(f, args)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 2 03:42:50 2001 by Moshe Zadka

4.32. How do I enable font-lock-mode for Python in Emacs?

If you are using XEmacs 19.14 or later, any XEmacs 20, FSF Emacs 19.34 or any Emacs 20, font-lock should work automatically for you if you are using the latest python-mode.el.

If you are using an older version of XEmacs or Emacs you will need to put this in your .emacs file: 

        (defun my-python-mode-hook ()
          (setq font-lock-keywords python-font-lock-keywords)
          (font-lock-mode 1))
        (add-hook 'python-mode-hook 'my-python-mode-hook)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Apr 6 16:18:46 1998 by Barry Warsaw

4.33. Is there a scanf() or sscanf() equivalent?

Not as such.

For simple input parsing, the easiest approach is usually to split the line into whitespace-delimited words using string.split(), and to convert decimal strings to numeric values using int(), long() or float(). (Python's int() is 32-bit and its long() is arbitrary precision.) string.split supports an optional "sep" parameter which is useful if the line uses something other than whitespace as a delimiter.

For more complicated input parsing, regular expressions (see module re) are better suited and more powerful than C's sscanf().

There's a contributed module that emulates sscanf(), by Steve Clift; see contrib/Misc/sscanfmodule.c of the ftp site: 

    http://www.python.org/ftp/python/contrib-09-Dec-1999/Misc/

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 01:07:51 2002 by Neal Norwitz

4.34. Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?

Yes, and you don't even need threads! But you'll have to restructure your I/O code a bit. Tk has the equivalent of Xt's XtAddInput() call, which allows you to register a callback function which will be called from the Tk mainloop when I/O is possible on a file descriptor. Here's what you need: 

        from Tkinter import tkinter
        tkinter.createfilehandler(file, mask, callback)
The file may be a Python file or socket object (actually, anything with a fileno() method), or an integer file descriptor. The mask is one of the constants tkinter.READABLE or tkinter.WRITABLE. The callback is called as follows: 

        callback(file, mask)
You must unregister the callback when you're done, using 

        tkinter.deletefilehandler(file)
Note: since you don't know *how many bytes* are available for reading, you can't use the Python file object's read or readline methods, since these will insist on reading a predefined number of bytes. For sockets, the recv() or recvfrom() methods will work fine; for other files, use os.read(file.fileno(), maxbytecount).

Edit this entry / Log info

4.35. How do I write a function with output parameters (call by reference)?

[Mark Lutz] The thing to remember is that arguments are passed by assignment in Python. Since assignment just creates references to objects, there's no alias between an argument name in the caller and callee, and so no call-by-reference per se. But you can simulate it in a number of ways:

1) By using global variables; but you probably shouldn't :-)

2) By passing a mutable (changeable in-place) object: 

      def func1(a):
          a[0] = 'new-value'     # 'a' references a mutable list
          a[1] = a[1] + 1        # changes a shared object

      args = ['old-value', 99]
      func1(args)
      print args[0], args[1]     # output: new-value 100
3) By returning a tuple, holding the final values of arguments: 

      def func2(a, b):
          a = 'new-value'        # a and b are local names
          b = b + 1              # assigned to new objects
          return a, b            # return new values

      x, y = 'old-value', 99
      x, y = func2(x, y)
      print x, y                 # output: new-value 100
4) And other ideas that fall-out from Python's object model. For instance, it might be clearer to pass in a mutable dictionary: 

      def func3(args):
          args['a'] = 'new-value'     # args is a mutable dictionary
          args['b'] = args['b'] + 1   # change it in-place

      args = {'a':' old-value', 'b': 99}
      func3(args)
      print args['a'], args['b']
5) Or bundle-up values in a class instance: 

      class callByRef:
          def __init__(self, **args):
              for (key, value) in args.items():
                  setattr(self, key, value)

      def func4(args):
          args.a = 'new-value'        # args is a mutable callByRef
          args.b = args.b + 1         # change object in-place

      args = callByRef(a='old-value', b=99)
      func4(args)
      print args.a, args.b

   But there's probably no good reason to get this complicated :-).
[Python's author favors solution 3 in most cases.]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jun 8 23:49:46 1997 by David Ascher

4.36. Please explain the rules for local and global variables in Python.

[Ken Manheimer] In Python, procedure variables are implicitly global, unless they are assigned anywhere within the block. In that case they are implicitly local, and you need to explicitly declare them as 'global'.

Though a bit surprising at first, a moment's consideration explains this. On one hand, requirement of 'global' for assigned vars provides a bar against unintended side-effects. On the other hand, if global were required for all global references, you'd be using global all the time. Eg, you'd have to declare as global every reference to a builtin function, or to a component of an imported module. This clutter would defeat the usefulness of the 'global' declaration for identifying side-effects.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Aug 28 09:53:27 1998 by GvR

4.37. How can I have modules that mutually import each other?

Suppose you have the following modules:

foo.py: 

	from bar import bar_var
	foo_var=1
bar.py: 

	from foo import foo_var
	bar_var=2
The problem is that the above is processed by the interpreter thus: 

	main imports foo
	Empty globals for foo are created
	foo is compiled and starts executing
	foo imports bar
	Empty globals for bar are created
	bar is compiled and starts executing
	bar imports foo (which is a no-op since there already is a module named foo)
	bar.foo_var = foo.foo_var
	...
The last step fails, because Python isn't done with interpreting foo yet and the global symbol dict for foo is still empty.

The same thing happens when you use "import foo", and then try to access "foo.one" in global code.

There are (at least) three possible workarounds for this problem.

Guido van Rossum recommends to avoid all uses of "from <module> import ..." (so everything from an imported module is referenced as <module>.<name>) and to place all code inside functions. Initializations of global variables and class variables should use constants or built-in functions only.

Jim Roskind suggests the following order in each module: 

 exports (globals, functions, and classes that don't need imported base classes)
 import statements
 active code (including globals that are initialized from imported values).
Python's author doesn't like this approach much because the imports appear in a strange place, but has to admit that it works.

Matthias Urlichs recommends to restructure your code so that the recursive import is not necessary in the first place.

These solutions are not mutually exclusive.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 06:52:51 2002 by Matthias Urlichs

4.38. How do I copy an object in Python?

Try copy.copy() or copy.deepcopy() for the general case. Not all objects can be copied, but most can.

Dictionaries have a copy method. Sequences can be copied by slicing: 

 new_l = l[:]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 21 05:40:26 2002 by Erno Kuusela

4.39. How to implement persistent objects in Python? (Persistent == automatically saved to and restored from disk.)

The library module "pickle" now solves this in a very general way (though you still can't store things like open files, sockets or windows), and the library module "shelve" uses pickle and (g)dbm to create persistent mappings containing arbitrary Python objects. For possibly better performance also look for the latest version of the relatively recent cPickle module.

A more awkward way of doing things is to use pickle's little sister, marshal. The marshal module provides very fast ways to store noncircular basic Python types to files and strings, and back again. Although marshal does not do fancy things like store instances or handle shared references properly, it does run extremely fast. For example loading a half megabyte of data may take less than a third of a second (on some machines). This often beats doing something more complex and general such as using gdbm with pickle/shelve.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jun 8 22:59:00 1997 by David Ascher

4.40. I try to use __spam and I get an error about _SomeClassName__spam.

Variables with double leading underscore are "mangled" to provide a simple but effective way to define class private variables. See the chapter "New in Release 1.4" in the Python Tutorial.

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4.41. How do I delete a file? And other file questions.

Use os.remove(filename) or os.unlink(filename); for documentation, see the posix section of the library manual. They are the same, unlink() is simply the Unix name for this function. In earlier versions of Python, only os.unlink() was available.

To remove a directory, use os.rmdir(); use os.mkdir() to create one.

To rename a file, use os.rename().

To truncate a file, open it using f = open(filename, "r+"), and use f.truncate(offset); offset defaults to the current seek position. (The "r+" mode opens the file for reading and writing.) There's also os.ftruncate(fd, offset) for files opened with os.open() -- for advanced Unix hacks only.

The shutil module also contains a number of functions to work on files including copyfile, copytree, and rmtree amongst others.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Dec 28 12:30:01 2000 by Bjorn Pettersen

4.42. How to modify urllib or httplib to support HTTP/1.1?

Recent versions of Python (2.0 and onwards) support HTTP/1.1 natively.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 2 02:56:56 2001 by Moshe Zadka

4.43. Unexplicable syntax errors in compile() or exec.

When a statement suite (as opposed to an expression) is compiled by compile(), exec or execfile(), it must end in a newline. In some cases, when the source ends in an indented block it appears that at least two newlines are required.

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4.44. How do I convert a string to a number?

For integers, use the built-in int() function, e.g. int('144') == 144. Similarly, long() converts from string to long integer, e.g. long('144') == 144L; and float() to floating-point, e.g. float('144') == 144.0.

Note that these are restricted to decimal interpretation, so that int('0144') == 144 and int('0x144') raises ValueError. For Python 2.0 int takes the base to convert from as a second optional argument, so int('0x144', 16) == 324.

For greater flexibility, or before Python 1.5, import the module string and use the string.atoi() function for integers, string.atol() for long integers, or string.atof() for floating-point. E.g., string.atoi('100', 16) == string.atoi('0x100', 0) == 256. See the library reference manual section for the string module for more details.

While you could use the built-in function eval() instead of any of those, this is not recommended, because someone could pass you a Python expression that might have unwanted side effects (like reformatting your disk). It also has the effect of interpreting numbers as Python expressions, so that e.g. eval('09') gives a syntax error since Python regards numbers starting with '0' as octal (base 8).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Dec 28 12:37:34 2000 by Bjorn Pettersen

4.45. How do I convert a number to a string?

To convert, e.g., the number 144 to the string '144', use the built-in function repr() or the backquote notation (these are equivalent). If you want a hexadecimal or octal representation, use the built-in functions hex() or oct(), respectively. For fancy formatting, use the % operator on strings, just like C printf formats, e.g. "%04d" % 144 yields '0144' and "%.3f" % (1/3.0) yields '0.333'. See the library reference manual for details.

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4.46. How do I copy a file?

There's the shutil module which contains a copyfile() function that implements a copy loop; it isn't good enough for the Macintosh, though: it doesn't copy the resource fork and Finder info.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 2 02:59:40 2001 by Moshe Zadka

4.47. How do I check if an object is an instance of a given class or of a subclass of it?

If you are developing the classes from scratch it might be better to program in a more proper object-oriented style -- instead of doing a different thing based on class membership, why not use a method and define the method differently in different classes?

However, there are some legitimate situations where you need to test for class membership.

In Python 1.5, you can use the built-in function isinstance(obj, cls).

The following approaches can be used with earlier Python versions:

An unobvious method is to raise the object as an exception and to try to catch the exception with the class you're testing for: 

	def is_instance_of(the_instance, the_class):
	    try:
		raise the_instance
	    except the_class:
		return 1
	    except:
		return 0
This technique can be used to distinguish "subclassness" from a collection of classes as well 

                try:
                              raise the_instance
                except Audible:
                              the_instance.play(largo)
                except Visual:
                              the_instance.display(gaudy)
                except Olfactory:
                              sniff(the_instance)
                except:
                              raise ValueError, "dunno what to do with this!"
This uses the fact that exception catching tests for class or subclass membership.

A different approach is to test for the presence of a class attribute that is presumably unique for the given class. For instance: 

	class MyClass:
	    ThisIsMyClass = 1
	    ...

	def is_a_MyClass(the_instance):
	    return hasattr(the_instance, 'ThisIsMyClass')
This version is easier to inline, and probably faster (inlined it is definitely faster). The disadvantage is that someone else could cheat: 

	class IntruderClass:
	    ThisIsMyClass = 1    # Masquerade as MyClass
	    ...
but this may be seen as a feature (anyway, there are plenty of other ways to cheat in Python). Another disadvantage is that the class must be prepared for the membership test. If you do not "control the source code" for the class it may not be advisable to modify the class to support testability.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jan 2 15:16:04 1998 by GvR

4.48. What is delegation?

Delegation refers to an object oriented technique Python programmers may implement with particular ease. Consider the following: 

  from string import upper

  class UpperOut:
        def __init__(self, outfile):
              self.__outfile = outfile
        def write(self, str):
              self.__outfile.write( upper(str) )
        def __getattr__(self, name):
              return getattr(self.__outfile, name)
Here the UpperOut class redefines the write method to convert the argument string to upper case before calling the underlying self.__outfile.write method, but all other methods are delegated to the underlying self.__outfile object. The delegation is accomplished via the "magic" __getattr__ method. Please see the language reference for more information on the use of this method.

Note that for more general cases delegation can get trickier. Particularly when attributes must be set as well as gotten the class must define a __settattr__ method too, and it must do so carefully.

The basic implementation of __setattr__ is roughly equivalent to the following: 

   class X:
        ...
        def __setattr__(self, name, value):
             self.__dict__[name] = value
        ...
Most __setattr__ implementations must modify self.__dict__ to store local state for self without causing an infinite recursion.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Aug 13 07:11:24 1997 by aaron watters

4.49. How do I test a Python program or component.

We presume for the purposes of this question you are interested in standalone testing, rather than testing your components inside a testing framework. The best-known testing framework for Python is the PyUnit module, maintained at 

    http://pyunit.sourceforge.net/
For standalone testing, it helps to write the program so that it may be easily tested by using good modular design. In particular your program should have almost all functionality encapsulated in either functions or class methods -- and this sometimes has the surprising and delightful effect of making the program run faster (because local variable accesses are faster than global accesses). Furthermore the program should avoid depending on mutating global variables, since this makes testing much more difficult to do.

The "global main logic" of your program may be as simple as 

  if __name__=="__main__":
       main_logic()
at the bottom of the main module of your program.

Once your program is organized as a tractable collection of functions and class behaviours you should write test functions that exercise the behaviours. A test suite can be associated with each module which automates a sequence of tests. This sounds like a lot of work, but since Python is so terse and flexible it's surprisingly easy. You can make coding much more pleasant and fun by writing your test functions in parallel with the "production code", since this makes it easy to find bugs and even design flaws earlier.

"Support modules" that are not intended to be the main module of a program may include a "test script interpretation" which invokes a self test of the module. 

   if __name__ == "__main__":
      self_test()
Even programs that interact with complex external interfaces may be tested when the external interfaces are unavailable by using "fake" interfaces implemented in Python. For an example of a "fake" interface, the following class defines (part of) a "fake" file interface: 

 import string
 testdata = "just a random sequence of characters"

 class FakeInputFile:
   data = testdata
   position = 0
   closed = 0

   def read(self, n=None):
       self.testclosed()
       p = self.position
       if n is None:
          result= self.data[p:]
       else:
          result= self.data[p: p+n]
       self.position = p + len(result)
       return result

   def seek(self, n, m=0):
       self.testclosed()
       last = len(self.data)
       p = self.position
       if m==0: 
          final=n
       elif m==1:
          final=n+p
       elif m==2:
          final=len(self.data)+n
       else:
          raise ValueError, "bad m"
       if final<0:
          raise IOError, "negative seek"
       self.position = final

   def isatty(self):
       return 0

   def tell(self):
       return self.position

   def close(self):
       self.closed = 1

   def testclosed(self):
       if self.closed:
          raise IOError, "file closed"
Try f=FakeInputFile() and test out its operations.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 01:12:10 2002 by Neal Norwitz

4.50. My multidimensional list (array) is broken! What gives?

You probably tried to make a multidimensional array like this. 

   A = [[None] * 2] * 3
This makes a list containing 3 references to the same list of length two. Changes to one row will show in all rows, which is probably not what you want. The following works much better: 

   A = [None]*3
   for i in range(3):
        A[i] = [None] * 2
This generates a list containing 3 different lists of length two.

If you feel weird, you can also do it in the following way: 

   w, h = 2, 3
   A = map(lambda i,w=w: [None] * w, range(h))
For Python 2.0 the above can be spelled using a list comprehension: 

   w,h = 2,3
   A = [ [None]*w for i in range(h) ]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Dec 28 12:18:35 2000 by Bjorn Pettersen

4.51. I want to do a complicated sort: can you do a Schwartzian Transform in Python?

Yes, and in Python you only have to write it once: 

 def st(List, Metric):
     def pairing(element, M = Metric):
           return (M(element), element)
     paired = map(pairing, List)
     paired.sort()
     return map(stripit, paired)

 def stripit(pair):
     return pair[1]
This technique, attributed to Randal Schwartz, sorts the elements of a list by a metric which maps each element to its "sort value". For example, if L is a list of string then 

   import string
   Usorted = st(L, string.upper)

   def intfield(s):
         return string.atoi( string.strip(s[10:15] ) )

   Isorted = st(L, intfield)
Usorted gives the elements of L sorted as if they were upper case, and Isorted gives the elements of L sorted by the integer values that appear in the string slices starting at position 10 and ending at position 15. In Python 2.0 this can be done more naturally with list comprehensions: 

  tmp1 = [ (x.upper(), x) for x in L ] # Schwartzian transform
  tmp1.sort()
  Usorted = [ x[1] for x in tmp1 ]

  tmp2 = [ (int(s[10:15]), s) for s in L ] # Schwartzian transform
  tmp2.sort()
  Isorted = [ x[1] for x in tmp2 ]

Note that Isorted may also be computed by 

   def Icmp(s1, s2):
         return cmp( intfield(s1), intfield(s2) )

   Isorted = L[:]
   Isorted.sort(Icmp)
but since this method computes intfield many times for each element of L, it is slower than the Schwartzian Transform.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Jun 1 19:18:46 2002 by Neal Norwitz

4.52. How to convert between tuples and lists?

The function tuple(seq) converts any sequence into a tuple with the same items in the same order. For example, tuple([1, 2, 3]) yields (1, 2, 3) and tuple('abc') yields ('a', 'b', 'c'). If the argument is a tuple, it does not make a copy but returns the same object, so it is cheap to call tuple() when you aren't sure that an object is already a tuple.

The function list(seq) converts any sequence into a list with the same items in the same order. For example, list((1, 2, 3)) yields [1, 2, 3] and list('abc') yields ['a', 'b', 'c']. If the argument is a list, it makes a copy just like seq[:] would.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jun 14 14:18:53 1998 by Tim Peters

4.53. Files retrieved with urllib contain leading garbage that looks like email headers.

Extremely old versions of Python supplied libraries which did not support HTTP/1.1; the vanilla httplib in Python 1.4 only recognized HTTP/1.0. In Python 2.0 full HTTP/1.1 support is included.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jan 8 17:26:18 2001 by Steve Holden

4.54. How do I get a list of all instances of a given class?

Python does not keep track of all instances of a class (or of a built-in type).

You can program the class's constructor to keep track of all instances, but unless you're very clever, this has the disadvantage that the instances never get deleted,because your list of all instances keeps a reference to them.

(The trick is to regularly inspect the reference counts of the instances you've retained, and if the reference count is below a certain level, remove it from the list. Determining that level is tricky -- it's definitely larger than 1.)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue May 27 23:52:16 1997 by GvR

4.55. A regular expression fails with regex.error: match failure.

This is usually caused by too much backtracking; the regular expression engine has a fixed size stack which holds at most 4000 backtrack points. Every character matched by e.g. ".*" accounts for a backtrack point, so even a simple search like 

  regex.match('.*x',"x"*5000)
will fail.

This is fixed in the re module introduced with Python 1.5; consult the Library Reference section on re for more information.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jul 30 12:35:49 1998 by A.M. Kuchling

4.56. I can't get signal handlers to work.

The most common problem is that the signal handler is declared with the wrong argument list. It is called as 

	handler(signum, frame)
so it should be declared with two arguments: 

	def handler(signum, frame):
		...

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 28 09:29:08 1997 by GvR

4.57. I can't use a global variable in a function? Help!

Did you do something like this? 

   x = 1 # make a global

   def f():
         print x # try to print the global
         ...
         for j in range(100):
              if q>3:
                 x=4
Any variable assigned in a function is local to that function. unless it is specifically declared global. Since a value is bound to x as the last statement of the function body, the compiler assumes that x is local. Consequently the "print x" attempts to print an uninitialized local variable and will trigger a NameError.

In such cases the solution is to insert an explicit global declaration at the start of the function, making it 

   def f():
         global x
         print x # try to print the global
         ...
         for j in range(100):
              if q>3:
                 x=4

In this case, all references to x are interpreted as references to the x from the module namespace.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Feb 12 15:52:12 2001 by Steve Holden

4.58. What's a negative index? Why doesn't list.insert() use them?

Python sequences are indexed with positive numbers and negative numbers. For positive numbers 0 is the first index 1 is the second index and so forth. For negative indices -1 is the last index and -2 is the pentultimate (next to last) index and so forth. Think of seq[-n] as the same as seq[len(seq)-n].

Using negative indices can be very convenient. For example if the string Line ends in a newline then Line[:-1] is all of Line except the newline.

Sadly the list builtin method L.insert does not observe negative indices. This feature could be considered a mistake but since existing programs depend on this feature it may stay around forever. L.insert for negative indices inserts at the start of the list. To get "proper" negative index behaviour use L[n:n] = [x] in place of the insert method.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Aug 13 07:03:18 1997 by aaron watters

4.59. How can I sort one list by values from another list?

You can sort lists of tuples. 

  >>> list1 = ["what", "I'm", "sorting", "by"]
  >>> list2 = ["something", "else", "to", "sort"]
  >>> pairs = map(None, list1, list2)
  >>> pairs
  [('what', 'something'), ("I'm", 'else'), ('sorting', 'to'), ('by', 'sort')]
  >>> pairs.sort()
  >>> pairs
  [("I'm", 'else'), ('by', 'sort'), ('sorting', 'to'), ('what', 'something')]
  >>> result = pairs[:]
  >>> for i in xrange(len(result)): result[i] = result[i][1]
  ...
  >>> result
  ['else', 'sort', 'to', 'something']
And if you didn't understand the question, please see the example above ;c). Note that "I'm" sorts before "by" because uppercase "I" comes before lowercase "b" in the ascii order. Also see 4.51.

In Python 2.0 this can be done like: 

 >>> list1 = ["what", "I'm", "sorting", "by"]
 >>> list2 = ["something", "else", "to", "sort"]
 >>> pairs = zip(list1, list2)
 >>> pairs
 [('what', 'something'), ("I'm", 'else'), ('sorting', 'to'), ('by', 'sort')]
 >>> pairs.sort()
 >>> result = [ x[1] for x in pairs ]
 >>> result
 ['else', 'sort', 'to', 'something']
[Followup]

Someone asked, why not this for the last steps: 

  result = []
  for p in pairs: result.append(p[1])
This is much more legible. However, a quick test shows that it is almost twice as slow for long lists. Why? First of all, the append() operation has to reallocate memory, and while it uses some tricks to avoid doing that each time, it still has to do it occasionally, and apparently that costs quite a bit. Second, the expression "result.append" requires an extra attribute lookup. The attribute lookup could be done away with by rewriting as follows: 

  result = []
  append = result.append
  for p in pairs: append(p[1])
which gains back some speed, but is still considerably slower than the original solution, and hardly less convoluted.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Dec 28 12:56:35 2000 by Bjorn Pettersen

4.60. Why doesn't dir() work on builtin types like files and lists?

It does starting with Python 1.5.

Using 1.4, you can find out which methods a given object supports by looking at its __methods__ attribute: 

    >>> List = []
    >>> List.__methods__
    ['append', 'count', 'index', 'insert', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Sep 16 14:56:42 1999 by Skip Montanaro

4.61. How can I mimic CGI form submission (METHOD=POST)?

I would like to retrieve web pages that are the result of POSTing a form. Is there existing code that would let me do this easily?

Yes. Here's a simple example that uses httplib. 

    #!/usr/local/bin/python

    import httplib, sys, time

    ### build the query string
    qs = "First=Josephine&MI=Q&Last=Public"

    ### connect and send the server a path
    httpobj = httplib.HTTP('www.some-server.out-there', 80)
    httpobj.putrequest('POST', '/cgi-bin/some-cgi-script')
    ### now generate the rest of the HTTP headers...
    httpobj.putheader('Accept', '*/*')
    httpobj.putheader('Connection', 'Keep-Alive')
    httpobj.putheader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
    httpobj.putheader('Content-length', '%d' % len(qs))
    httpobj.endheaders()
    httpobj.send(qs)
    ### find out what the server said in response...
    reply, msg, hdrs = httpobj.getreply()
    if reply != 200:
	sys.stdout.write(httpobj.getfile().read())
Note that in general for "url encoded posts" (the default) query strings must be "quoted" to, for example, change equals signs and spaces to an encoded form when they occur in name or value. Use urllib.quote to perform this quoting. For example to send name="Guy Steele, Jr.": 

   >>> from urllib import quote
   >>> x = quote("Guy Steele, Jr.")
   >>> x
   'Guy%20Steele,%20Jr.'
   >>> query_string = "name="+x
   >>> query_string
   'name=Guy%20Steele,%20Jr.'

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 21 03:47:07 1999 by TAB

4.62. If my program crashes with a bsddb (or anydbm) database open, it gets corrupted. How come?

Databases opened for write access with the bsddb module (and often by the anydbm module, since it will preferentially use bsddb) must explicitly be closed using the close method of the database. The underlying libdb package caches database contents which need to be converted to on-disk form and written, unlike regular open files which already have the on-disk bits in the kernel's write buffer, where they can just be dumped by the kernel with the program exits.

If you have initialized a new bsddb database but not written anything to it before the program crashes, you will often wind up with a zero-length file and encounter an exception the next time the file is opened.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 01:15:01 2002 by Neal Norwitz

4.63. How do I make a Python script executable on Unix?

You need to do two things: the script file's mode must be executable (include the 'x' bit), and the first line must begin with #! followed by the pathname for the Python interpreter.

The first is done by executing 'chmod +x scriptfile' or perhaps 'chmod 755 scriptfile'.

The second can be done in a number of way. The most straightforward way is to write 

  #!/usr/local/bin/python
as the very first line of your file - or whatever the pathname is where the python interpreter is installed on your platform.

If you would like the script to be independent of where the python interpreter lives, you can use the "env" program. On almost all platforms, the following will work, assuming the python interpreter is in a directory on the user's $PATH: 

  #! /usr/bin/env python
Note -- *don't* do this for CGI scripts. The $PATH variable for CGI scripts is often very minimal, so you need to use the actual absolute pathname of the interpreter.

Occasionally, a user's environment is so full that the /usr/bin/env program fails; or there's no env program at all. In that case, you can try the following hack (due to Alex Rezinsky): 

  #! /bin/sh
  """:"
  exec python $0 ${1+"$@"}
  """
The disadvantage is that this defines the script's __doc__ string. However, you can fix that by adding 

  __doc__ = """...Whatever..."""

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jan 15 09:19:16 2001 by Neal Norwitz

4.64. How do you remove duplicates from a list?

See the Python Cookbook for a long discussion of many cool ways: 

    http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52560
Generally, if you don't mind reordering the List 

   if List:
      List.sort()
      last = List[-1]
      for i in range(len(List)-2, -1, -1):
          if last==List[i]: del List[i]
          else: last=List[i]
If all elements of the list may be used as dictionary keys (ie, they are all hashable) this is often faster 

   d = {}
   for x in List: d[x]=x
   List = d.values()
Also, for extremely large lists you might consider more optimal alternatives to the first one. The second one is pretty good whenever it can be used.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 24 21:56:33 2002 by Tim Peters

4.65. Are there any known year 2000 problems in Python?

I am not aware of year 2000 deficiencies in Python 1.5. Python does very few date calculations and for what it does, it relies on the C library functions. Python generally represent times either as seconds since 1970 or as a tuple (year, month, day, ...) where the year is expressed with four digits, which makes Y2K bugs unlikely. So as long as your C library is okay, Python should be okay. Of course, I cannot vouch for your Python code!

Given the nature of freely available software, I have to add that this statement is not legally binding. The Python copyright notice contains the following disclaimer: 

  STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM AND CNRI DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH
  REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH
  CENTRUM OR CNRI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
  PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
  TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
  PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
The good news is that if you encounter a problem, you have full source available to track it down and fix it!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Apr 10 14:59:31 1998 by GvR

4.66. I want a version of map that applies a method to a sequence of objects! Help!

Get fancy! 

  def method_map(objects, method, arguments):
       """method_map([a,b], "flog", (1,2)) gives [a.flog(1,2), b.flog(1,2)]"""
       nobjects = len(objects)
       methods = map(getattr, objects, [method]*nobjects)
       return map(apply, methods, [arguments]*nobjects)
It's generally a good idea to get to know the mysteries of map and apply and getattr and the other dynamic features of Python.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jan 5 14:21:14 1998 by Aaron Watters

4.67. How do I generate random numbers in Python?

The standard library module "random" implements a random number generator. Usage is simple: 

    import random

    random.random()
This returns a random floating point number in the range [0, 1).

There are also many other specialized generators in this module, such as 

    randrange(a, b) chooses an integer in the range [a, b)
    uniform(a, b) chooses a floating point number in the range [a, b)
    normalvariate(mean, sdev) sample from normal (Gaussian) distribution
Some higher-level functions operate on sequences directly, such as 

    choice(S) chooses random element from a given sequence
    shuffle(L) shuffles a list in-place, i.e. permutes it randomly
There's also a class, Random, which you can instantiate to create independent multiple random number generators.

All this is documented in the library reference manual. Note that the module "whrandom" is obsolete.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 01:16:51 2002 by Neal Norwitz

4.68. How do I access the serial (RS232) port?

There's a Windows serial communication module (for communication over RS 232 serial ports) at 

  ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/contrib/sio-151.zip
  http://www.python.org/ftp/python/contrib/sio-151.zip
For DOS, try Hans Nowak's Python-DX, which supports this, at: 

  http://www.cuci.nl/~hnowak/
For Unix, see a usenet post by Mitch Chapman: 

  http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com
For Win32, POSIX(Linux, BSD, *), Jython, Chris': 

  http://pyserial.sourceforge.net

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jul 2 21:11:07 2002 by Chris Liechti

4.69. Images on Tk-Buttons don't work in Py15?

They do work, but you must keep your own reference to the image object now. More verbosely, you must make sure that, say, a global variable or a class attribute refers to the object.

Quoting Fredrik Lundh from the mailinglist: 

  Well, the Tk button widget keeps a reference to the internal
  photoimage object, but Tkinter does not.  So when the last
  Python reference goes away, Tkinter tells Tk to release the
  photoimage.  But since the image is in use by a widget, Tk
  doesn't destroy it.  Not completely.  It just blanks the image,
  making it completely transparent...

  And yes, there was a bug in the keyword argument handling
  in 1.4 that kept an extra reference around in some cases.  And
  when Guido fixed that bug in 1.5, he broke quite a few Tkinter
  programs...

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Feb 3 11:31:03 1998 by Case Roole

4.70. Where is the math.py (socket.py, regex.py, etc.) source file?

If you can't find a source file for a module it may be a builtin or dynamically loaded module implemented in C, C++ or other compiled language. In this case you may not have the source file or it may be something like mathmodule.c, somewhere in a C source directory (not on the Python Path).

Fredrik Lundh (fredrik@pythonware.com) explains (on the python-list):

There are (at least) three kinds of modules in Python: 1) modules written in Python (.py); 2) modules written in C and dynamically loaded (.dll, .pyd, .so, .sl, etc); 3) modules written in C and linked with the interpreter; to get a list of these, type: 

    import sys
    print sys.builtin_module_names

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Feb 3 13:55:33 1998 by Aaron Watters

4.71. How do I send mail from a Python script?

The standard library module smtplib does this. Here's a very simple interactive mail sender that uses it. This method will work on any host that supports an SMTP listener. 

    import sys, smtplib

    fromaddr = raw_input("From: ")
    toaddrs  = raw_input("To: ").split(',')
    print "Enter message, end with ^D:"
    msg = ''
    while 1:
        line = sys.stdin.readline()
        if not line:
            break
        msg = msg + line

    # The actual mail send
    server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)
    server.quit()
If the local host doesn't have an SMTP listener, you need to find one. The simple method is to ask the user. Alternately, you can use the DNS system to find the mail gateway(s) responsible for the source address.

A Unix-only alternative uses sendmail. The location of the sendmail program varies between systems; sometimes it is /usr/lib/sendmail, sometime /usr/sbin/sendmail. The sendmail manual page will help you out. Here's some sample code: 

  SENDMAIL = "/usr/sbin/sendmail" # sendmail location
  import os
  p = os.popen("%s -t -i" % SENDMAIL, "w")
  p.write("To: cary@ratatosk.org\n")
  p.write("Subject: test\n")
  p.write("\n") # blank line separating headers from body
  p.write("Some text\n")
  p.write("some more text\n")
  sts = p.close()
  if sts != 0:
      print "Sendmail exit status", sts

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 07:05:12 2002 by Matthias Urlichs

4.72. How do I avoid blocking in connect() of a socket?

The select module is widely known to help with asynchronous I/O on sockets once they are connected. However, it is less than common knowledge how to avoid blocking on the initial connect() call. Jeremy Hylton has the following advice (slightly edited):

To prevent the TCP connect from blocking, you can set the socket to non-blocking mode. Then when you do the connect(), you will either connect immediately (unlikely) or get an exception that contains the errno. errno.EINPROGRESS indicates that the connection is in progress, but hasn't finished yet. Different OSes will return different errnos, so you're going to have to check. I can tell you that different versions of Solaris return different errno values.

In Python 1.5 and later, you can use connect_ex() to avoid creating an exception. It will just return the errno value.

To poll, you can call connect_ex() again later -- 0 or errno.EISCONN indicate that you're connected -- or you can pass this socket to select (checking to see if it is writeable).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Feb 24 21:30:45 1998 by GvR

4.73. How do I specify hexadecimal and octal integers?

To specify an octal digit, precede the octal value with a zero. For example, to set the variable "a" to the octal value "10" (8 in decimal), type: 

    >>> a = 010
To verify that this works, you can type "a" and hit enter while in the interpreter, which will cause Python to spit out the current value of "a" in decimal: 

    >>> a
    8
Hexadecimal is just as easy. Simply precede the hexadecimal number with a zero, and then a lower or uppercase "x". Hexadecimal digits can be specified in lower or uppercase. For example, in the Python interpreter: 

    >>> a = 0xa5
    >>> a
    165
    >>> b = 0XB2
    >>> b
    178

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Mar 3 12:53:16 1998 by GvR

4.74. How to get a single keypress at a time?

For Windows, see question 8.2. Here is an answer for Unix (see also 4.94).

There are several solutions; some involve using curses, which is a pretty big thing to learn. Here's a solution without curses, due to Andrew Kuchling (adapted from code to do a PGP-style randomness pool): 

        import termios, sys, os
        fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
        old = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
        new = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
        new[3] = new[3] & ~termios.ICANON & ~termios.ECHO
        new[6][termios.VMIN] = 1
        new[6][termios.VTIME] = 0
        termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSANOW, new)
        s = ''    # We'll save the characters typed and add them to the pool.
        try:
            while 1:
                c = os.read(fd, 1)
                print "Got character", `c`
                s = s+c
        finally:
            termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, old)
You need the termios module for any of this to work, and I've only tried it on Linux, though it should work elsewhere. It turns off stdin's echoing and disables canonical mode, and then reads a character at a time from stdin, noting the time after each keystroke.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Oct 24 00:36:56 2002 by chris

4.75. How can I overload constructors (or methods) in Python?

(This actually applies to all methods, but somehow the question usually comes up first in the context of constructors.)

Where in C++ you'd write 

    class C {
        C() { cout << "No arguments\n"; }
        C(int i) { cout << "Argument is " << i << "\n"; }
    }
in Python you have to write a single constructor that catches all cases using default arguments. For example: 

    class C:
        def __init__(self, i=None):
            if i is None:
                print "No arguments"
            else:
                print "Argument is", i
This is not entirely equivalent, but close enough in practice.

You could also try a variable-length argument list, e.g. 

        def __init__(self, *args):
            ....
The same approach works for all method definitions.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Apr 20 11:55:55 1998 by GvR

4.76. How do I pass keyword arguments from one method to another?

Use apply. For example: 

    class Account:
        def __init__(self, **kw):
            self.accountType = kw.get('accountType')
            self.balance = kw.get('balance')

    class CheckingAccount(Account):
        def __init__(self, **kw):
            kw['accountType'] = 'checking'
            apply(Account.__init__, (self,), kw)

    myAccount = CheckingAccount(balance=100.00)
In Python 2.0 you can call it directly using the new ** syntax: 

    class CheckingAccount(Account):
        def __init__(self, **kw):
            kw['accountType'] = 'checking'
            Account.__init__(self, **kw)
or more generally: 

 >>> def f(x, *y, **z):
 ...  print x,y,z
 ...
 >>> Y = [1,2,3]
 >>> Z = {'foo':3,'bar':None}
 >>> f('hello', *Y, **Z)
 hello (1, 2, 3) {'foo': 3, 'bar': None}

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Dec 28 13:04:01 2000 by Bjorn Pettersen

4.77. What module should I use to help with generating HTML?

Check out HTMLgen written by Robin Friedrich. It's a class library of objects corresponding to all the HTML 3.2 markup tags. It's used when you are writing in Python and wish to synthesize HTML pages for generating a web or for CGI forms, etc.

It can be found in the FTP contrib area on python.org or on the Starship. Use the search engines there to locate the latest version.

It might also be useful to consider DocumentTemplate, which offers clear separation between Python code and HTML code. DocumentTemplate is part of the Bobo objects publishing system (http:/www.digicool.com/releases) but can be used independantly of course!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Aug 28 09:54:58 1998 by GvR

4.78. How do I create documentation from doc strings?

Use gendoc, by Daniel Larson. See

http://starship.python.net/crew/danilo/

It can create HTML from the doc strings in your Python source code.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Oct 7 17:15:51 2002 by Phil Rittenhouse

4.79. How do I read (or write) binary data?

For complex data formats, it's best to use use the struct module. It's documented in the library reference. It allows you to take a string read from a file containing binary data (usually numbers) and convert it to Python objects; and vice versa.

For example, the following code reads two 2-byte integers and one 4-byte integer in big-endian format from a file: 

  import struct

  f = open(filename, "rb")  # Open in binary mode for portability
  s = f.read(8)
  x, y, z = struct.unpack(">hhl", s)
The '>' in the format string forces bin-endian data; the letter 'h' reads one "short integer" (2 bytes), and 'l' reads one "long integer" (4 bytes) from the string.

For data that is more regular (e.g. a homogeneous list of ints or floats), you can also use the array module, also documented in the library reference.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Oct 7 09:16:45 1998 by GvR

4.80. I can't get key bindings to work in Tkinter

An oft-heard complaint is that event handlers bound to events with the bind() method don't get handled even when the appropriate key is pressed.

The most common cause is that the widget to which the binding applies doesn't have "keyboard focus". Check out the Tk documentation for the focus command. Usually a widget is given the keyboard focus by clicking in it (but not for labels; see the taketocus option).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jun 12 09:37:33 1998 by GvR

4.81. "import crypt" fails

[Unix]

Starting with Python 1.5, the crypt module is disabled by default. In order to enable it, you must go into the Python source tree and edit the file Modules/Setup to enable it (remove a '#' sign in front of the line starting with '#crypt'). Then rebuild. You may also have to add the string '-lcrypt' to that same line.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Aug 5 08:57:09 1998 by GvR

4.82. Are there coding standards or a style guide for Python programs?

Yes, Guido has written the "Python Style Guide". See http://www.python.org/doc/essays/styleguide.html

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Sep 29 09:50:27 1998 by Joseph VanAndel

4.83. How do I freeze Tkinter applications?

Freeze is a tool to create stand-alone applications (see 4.28).

When freezing Tkinter applications, the applications will not be truly stand-alone, as the application will still need the tcl and tk libraries.

One solution is to ship the application with the tcl and tk libraries, and point to them at run-time using the TCL_LIBRARY and TK_LIBRARY environment variables.

To get truly stand-alone applications, the Tcl scripts that form the library have to be integrated into the application as well. One tool supporting that is SAM (stand-alone modules), which is part of the Tix distribution (http://tix.mne.com). Build Tix with SAM enabled, perform the appropriate call to Tclsam_init etc inside Python's Modules/tkappinit.c, and link with libtclsam and libtksam (you might include the Tix libraries as well).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Jan 20 17:35:01 1999 by Martin v. Löwis

4.84. How do I create static class data and static class methods?

[Tim Peters, tim_one@email.msn.com]

Static data (in the sense of C++ or Java) is easy; static methods (again in the sense of C++ or Java) are not supported directly.

STATIC DATA

For example, 

    class C:
        count = 0   # number of times C.__init__ called

        def __init__(self):
            C.count = C.count + 1

        def getcount(self):
            return C.count  # or return self.count
c.count also refers to C.count for any c such that isinstance(c, C) holds, unless overridden by c itself or by some class on the base-class search path from c.__class__ back to C.

Caution: within a method of C, 

    self.count = 42
creates a new and unrelated instance vrbl named "count" in self's own dict. So rebinding of a class-static data name needs the 

    C.count = 314
form whether inside a method or not.

STATIC METHODS

Static methods (as opposed to static data) are unnatural in Python, because 

    C.getcount
returns an unbound method object, which can't be invoked without supplying an instance of C as the first argument.

The intended way to get the effect of a static method is via a module-level function: 

    def getcount():
        return C.count
If your code is structured so as to define one class (or tightly related class hierarchy) per module, this supplies the desired encapsulation.

Several tortured schemes for faking static methods can be found by searching DejaNews. Most people feel such cures are worse than the disease. Perhaps the least obnoxious is due to Pekka Pessi (mailto:ppessi@hut.fi): 

    # helper class to disguise function objects
    class _static:
        def __init__(self, f):
            self.__call__ = f

    class C:
        count = 0

        def __init__(self):
            C.count = C.count + 1

        def getcount():
            return C.count
        getcount = _static(getcount)

        def sum(x, y):
            return x + y
        sum = _static(sum)

    C(); C()
    c = C()
    print C.getcount()  # prints 3
    print c.getcount()  # prints 3
    print C.sum(27, 15) # prints 42

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jan 21 21:35:38 1999 by Tim Peters

4.85. __import__('x.y.z') returns <module 'x'>; how do I get z?

Try 

   __import__('x.y.z').y.z
For more realistic situations, you may have to do something like 

   m = __import__(s)
   for i in string.split(s, ".")[1:]:
       m = getattr(m, i)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jan 28 11:01:43 1999 by GvR

4.86. Basic thread wisdom

Please note that there is no way to take advantage of multiprocessor hardware using the Python thread model. The interpreter uses a global interpreter lock (GIL), which does not allow multiple threads to be concurrently active.

If you write a simple test program like this: 

  import thread
  def run(name, n):
      for i in range(n): print name, i
  for i in range(10):
      thread.start_new(run, (i, 100))
none of the threads seem to run! The reason is that as soon as the main thread exits, all threads are killed.

A simple fix is to add a sleep to the end of the program, sufficiently long for all threads to finish: 

  import thread, time
  def run(name, n):
      for i in range(n): print name, i
  for i in range(10):
      thread.start_new(run, (i, 100))
  time.sleep(10) # <----------------------------!
But now (on many platforms) the threads don't run in parallel, but appear to run sequentially, one at a time! The reason is that the OS thread scheduler doesn't start a new thread until the previous thread is blocked.

A simple fix is to add a tiny sleep to the start of the run function: 

  import thread, time
  def run(name, n):
      time.sleep(0.001) # <---------------------!
      for i in range(n): print name, i
  for i in range(10):
      thread.start_new(run, (i, 100))
  time.sleep(10)
Some more hints:

Instead of using a time.sleep() call at the end, it's better to use some kind of semaphore mechanism. One idea is to use a the Queue module to create a queue object, let each thread append a token to the queue when it finishes, and let the main thread read as many tokens from the queue as there are threads.

Use the threading module instead of the thread module. It's part of Python since version 1.5.1. It takes care of all these details, and has many other nice features too!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Feb 7 16:21:55 2003 by GvR

4.87. Why doesn't closing sys.stdout (stdin, stderr) really close it?

Python file objects are a high-level layer of abstraction on top of C streams, which in turn are a medium-level layer of abstraction on top of (among other things) low-level C file descriptors.

For most file objects f you create in Python via the builtin "open" function, f.close() marks the Python file object as being closed from Python's point of view, and also arranges to close the underlying C stream. This happens automatically too, in f's destructor, when f becomes garbage.

But stdin, stdout and stderr are treated specially by Python, because of the special status also given to them by C: doing 

    sys.stdout.close() # ditto for stdin and stderr
marks the Python-level file object as being closed, but does not close the associated C stream (provided sys.stdout is still bound to its default value, which is the stream C also calls "stdout").

To close the underlying C stream for one of these three, you should first be sure that's what you really want to do (e.g., you may confuse the heck out of extension modules trying to do I/O). If it is, use os.close: 

    os.close(0)   # close C's stdin stream
    os.close(1)   # close C's stdout stream
    os.close(2)   # close C's stderr stream

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Apr 17 02:22:35 1999 by Tim Peters

4.88. What kinds of global value mutation are thread-safe?

[adapted from c.l.py responses by Gordon McMillan & GvR]

A global interpreter lock (GIL) is used internally to ensure that only one thread runs in the Python VM at a time. In general, Python offers to switch among threads only between bytecode instructions (how frequently it offers to switch can be set via sys.setcheckinterval). Each bytecode instruction-- and all the C implementation code reached from it --is therefore atomic.

In theory, this means an exact accounting requires an exact understanding of the PVM bytecode implementation. In practice, it means that operations on shared vrbls of builtin data types (ints, lists, dicts, etc) that "look atomic" really are.

For example, these are atomic (L, L1, L2 are lists, D, D1, D2 are dicts, x, y are objects, i, j are ints): 

    L.append(x)
    L1.extend(L2)
    x = L[i]
    x = L.pop()
    L1[i:j] = L2
    L.sort()
    x = y
    x.field = y
    D[x] = y
    D1.update(D2)
    D.keys()
These aren't: 

    i = i+1
    L.append(L[-1])
    L[i] = L[j]
    D[x] = D[x] + 1
Note: operations that replace other objects may invoke those other objects' __del__ method when their reference count reaches zero, and that can affect things. This is especially true for the mass updates to dictionaries and lists. When in doubt, use a mutex!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Feb 7 16:21:03 2003 by GvR

4.89. How do I modify a string in place?

Strings are immutable (see question 6.2) so you cannot modify a string directly. If you need an object with this ability, try converting the string to a list or take a look at the array module. 

    >>> s = "Hello, world"
    >>> a = list(s)
    >>> print a
    ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ',', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']
    >>> a[7:] = list("there!")
    >>> import string
    >>> print string.join(a, '')
    'Hello, there!'

    >>> import array
    >>> a = array.array('c', s)
    >>> print a
    array('c', 'Hello, world')
    >>> a[0] = 'y' ; print a
    array('c', 'yello world')
    >>> a.tostring()
    'yello, world'

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue May 18 01:22:47 1999 by Andrew Dalke

4.90. How to pass on keyword/optional parameters/arguments

Q: How can I pass on optional or keyword parameters from one function to another? 

	def f1(a, *b, **c):
		...
A: In Python 2.0 and above: 

	def f2(x, *y, **z):
		...
		z['width']='14.3c'
		...
		f1(x, *y, **z)

   Note: y can be any sequence (e.g., list or tuple) and z must be a dict.

A: For versions prior to 2.0, use 'apply', like: 

	def f2(x, *y, **z):
		...
		z['width']='14.3c'
		...
		apply(f1, (x,)+y, z)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 07:20:56 2002 by Matthias Urlichs

4.91. How can I get a dictionary to display its keys in a consistent order?

In general, dictionaries store their keys in an unpredictable order, so the display order of a dictionary's elements will be similarly unpredictable. (See Question 6.12 to understand why this is so.)

This can be frustrating if you want to save a printable version to a file, make some changes and then compare it with some other printed dictionary. If you have such needs you can subclass UserDict.UserDict to create a SortedDict class that prints itself in a predictable order. Here's one simpleminded implementation of such a class: 

  import UserDict, string

  class SortedDict(UserDict.UserDict):
    def __repr__(self):
      result = []
      append = result.append
      keys = self.data.keys()
      keys.sort()
      for k in keys:
        append("%s: %s" % (`k`, `self.data[k]`))
      return "{%s}" % string.join(result, ", ")

    ___str__ = __repr__

This will work for many common situations you might encounter, though it's far from a perfect solution. (It won't have any effect on the pprint module and does not transparently handle values that are or contain dictionaries.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Sep 16 17:31:06 1999 by Skip Montanaro

4.92. Is there a Python tutorial?

Yes. See question 1.20 at http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html#1.20

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Dec 4 16:04:00 1999 by TAB

4.93. Deleted

See 4.28

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue May 28 20:40:37 2002 by GvR

4.94. How do I get a single keypress without blocking?

There are several solutions; some involve using curses, which is a pretty big thing to learn. Here's a solution without curses. (see also 4.74, for Windows, see question 8.2) 

  import termios, fcntl, sys, os
  fd = sys.stdin.fileno()

  oldterm = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
  newattr = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
  newattr[3] = newattr[3] & ~termios.ICANON & ~termios.ECHO
  termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSANOW, newattr)

  oldflags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
  fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, oldflags | os.O_NONBLOCK)

  try:
      while 1:
          try:
              c = sys.stdin.read(1)
              print "Got character", `c`
          except IOError: pass
  finally:
      termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, oldterm)
      fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, oldflags)

You need the termios and the fcntl module for any of this to work, and I've only tried it on Linux, though it should work elsewhere.

In this code, characters are read and printed one at a time.

termios.tcsetattr() turns off stdin's echoing and disables canonical mode. fcntl.fnctl() is used to obtain stdin's file descriptor flags and modify them for non-blocking mode. Since reading stdin when it is empty results in an IOError, this error is caught and ignored.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Oct 24 00:39:06 2002 by chris

4.95. Is there an equivalent to Perl chomp()? (Remove trailing newline from string)

There are two partial substitutes. If you want to remove all trailing whitespace, use the method string.rstrip(). Otherwise, if there is only one line in the string, use string.splitlines()[0]. 

 -----------------------------------------------------------------------

 rstrip() is too greedy, it strips all trailing white spaces.
 splitlines() takes ControlM as line boundary.
 Consider these strings as input:
   "python python    \r\n"
   "python\rpython\r\n"
   "python python   \r\r\r\n"
 The results from rstrip()/splitlines() are perhaps not what we want.

 It seems re can perform this task.


 #!/usr/bin/python 
 # requires python2                                                             

 import re, os, StringIO

 lines=StringIO.StringIO(
   "The Python Programming Language\r\n"
   "The Python Programming Language \r \r \r\r\n"
   "The\rProgramming\rLanguage\r\n"
   "The\rProgramming\rLanguage\r\r\r\r\n"
   "The\r\rProgramming\r\rLanguage\r\r\r\r\n"
 )

 ln=re.compile("(?:[\r]?\n|\r)$") # dos:\r\n, unix:\n, mac:\r, others: unknown
 # os.linesep does not work if someone ftps(in binary mode) a dos/mac text file
 # to your unix box
 #ln=re.compile(os.linesep + "$")

 while 1:
   s=lines.readline()
   if not s: break
   print "1.(%s)" % `s.rstrip()`
   print "2.(%s)" % `ln.sub( "", s, 1)`
   print "3.(%s)" % `s.splitlines()[0]`
   print "4.(%s)" % `s.splitlines()`
   print

 lines.close()

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Aug 8 09:51:34 2001 by Crystal

4.96. Why is join() a string method when I'm really joining the elements of a (list, tuple, sequence)?

Strings became much more like other standard types starting in release 1.6, when methods were added which give the same functionality that has always been available using the functions of the string module. These new methods have been widely accepted, but the one which appears to make (some) programmers feel uncomfortable is: 

    ", ".join(['1', '2', '4', '8', '16'])
which gives the result 

    "1, 2, 4, 8, 16"
There are two usual arguments against this usage.

The first runs along the lines of: "It looks really ugly using a method of a string literal (string constant)", to which the answer is that it might, but a string literal is just a fixed value. If the methods are to be allowed on names bound to strings there is no logical reason to make them unavailable on literals. Get over it!

The second objection is typically cast as: "I am really telling a sequence to join its members together with a string constant". Sadly, you aren't. For some reason there seems to be much less difficulty with having split() as a string method, since in that case it is easy to see that 

    "1, 2, 4, 8, 16".split(", ")
is an instruction to a string literal to return the substrings delimited by the given separator (or, by default, arbitrary runs of white space). In this case a Unicode string returns a list of Unicode strings, an ASCII string returns a list of ASCII strings, and everyone is happy.

join() is a string method because in using it you are telling the separator string to iterate over an arbitrary sequence, forming string representations of each of the elements, and inserting itself between the elements' representations. This method can be used with any argument which obeys the rules for sequence objects, inluding any new classes you might define yourself.

Because this is a string method it can work for Unicode strings as well as plain ASCII strings. If join() were a method of the sequence types then the sequence types would have to decide which type of string to return depending on the type of the separator.

If none of these arguments persuade you, then for the moment you can continue to use the join() function from the string module, which allows you to write 

    string.join(['1', '2', '4', '8', '16'], ", ")
You will just have to try and forget that the string module actually uses the syntax you are compaining about to implement the syntax you prefer!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Aug 2 15:51:58 2002 by Steve Holden

4.97. How can my code discover the name of an object?

Generally speaking, it can't, because objects don't really have names. The assignment statement does not store the assigned value in the name but a reference to it. Essentially, assignment creates a binding of a name to a value. The same is true of def and class statements, but in that case the value is a callable. Consider the following code: 

    class A:
        pass

    B = A

    a = B()
    b = a
    print b
    <__main__.A instance at 016D07CC>
    print a
    <__main__.A instance at 016D07CC>

Arguably the class has a name: even though it is bound to two names and invoked through the name B the created instance is still reported as an instance of class A. However, it is impossible to say whether the instance's name is a or b, since both names are bound to the same value.

Generally speaking it should not be necessary for your code to "know the names" of particular values. Unless you are deliberately writing introspective programs, this is usually an indication that a change of approach might be beneficial.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 8 03:53:39 2001 by Steve Holden

4.98. Why are floating point calculations so inaccurate?

The development version of the Python Tutorial now contains an Appendix with more info: 
    http://www.python.org/doc/current/tut/node14.html
People are often very surprised by results like this: 

 >>> 1.2-1.0
 0.199999999999999996
And think it is a bug in Python. It's not. It's a problem caused by the internal representation of a floating point number. A floating point number is stored as a fixed number of binary digits.

In decimal math, there are many numbers that can't be represented with a fixed number of decimal digits, i.e. 1/3 = 0.3333333333.......

In the binary case, 1/2 = 0.1, 1/4 = 0.01, 1/8 = 0.001, etc. There are a lot of numbers that can't be represented. The digits are cut off at some point.

Since Python 1.6, a floating point's repr() function prints as many digits are necessary to make eval(repr(f)) == f true for any float f. The str() function prints the more sensible number that was probably intended: 

 >>> 0.2
 0.20000000000000001
 >>> print 0.2
 0.2
Again, this has nothing to do with Python, but with the way the underlying C platform handles floating points, and ultimately with the inaccuracy you'll always have when writing down numbers of fixed number of digit strings.

One of the consequences of this is that it is dangerous to compare the result of some computation to a float with == ! Tiny inaccuracies may mean that == fails.

Instead try something like this: 

 epsilon = 0.0000000000001 # Tiny allowed error
 expected_result = 0.4

 if expected_result-epsilon <= computation() <= expected_result+epsilon:
    ...

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Apr 1 22:18:47 2002 by Fred Drake

4.99. I tried to open Berkeley DB file, but bsddb produces bsddb.error: (22, 'Invalid argument'). Help! How can I restore my data?

Don't panic! Your data are probably intact. The most frequent cause for the error is that you tried to open an earlier Berkeley DB file with a later version of the Berkeley DB library.

Many Linux systems now have all three versions of Berkeley DB available. If you are migrating from version 1 to a newer version use db_dump185 to dump a plain text version of the database. If you are migrating from version 2 to version 3 use db2_dump to create a plain text version of the database. In either case, use db_load to create a new native database for the latest version installed on your computer. If you have version 3 of Berkeley DB installed, you should be able to use db2_load to create a native version 2 database.

You should probably move away from Berkeley DB version 1 files because the hash file code contains known bugs that can corrupt your data.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Aug 29 16:04:29 2001 by Skip Montanaro

4.100. What are the "best practices" for using import in a module?

First, the standard modules are great. Use them! The standard Python library is large and varied. Using modules can save you time and effort and will reduce maintainenance cost of your code. (Other programs are dedicated to supporting and fixing bugs in the standard Python modules. Coworkers may also be familiar with themodules that you use, reducing the amount of time it takes them to understand your code.)

The rest of this answer is largely a matter of personal preference, but here's what some newsgroup posters said (thanks to all who responded)

In general, don't use 

 from modulename import *
Doing so clutters the importer's namespace. Some avoid this idiom even with the few modules that were designed to be imported in this manner. (Modules designed in this manner include Tkinter, thread, and wxPython.)

Import modules at the top of a file, one module per line. Doing so makes it clear what other modules your code requires and avoids questions of whether the module name is in scope. Using one import per line makes it easy to add and delete module imports.

Move imports into a local scope (such as at the top of a function definition) if there are a lot of imports, and you're trying to avoid the cost (lots of initialization time) of many imports. This technique is especially helpful if many of the imports are unnecessary depending on how the program executes. You may also want to move imports into a function if the modules are only ever used in that function. Note that loading a module the first time may be expensive (because of the one time initialization of the module) but that loading a module multiple times is virtually free (a couple of dictionary lookups). Even if the module name has gone out of scope, the module is probably available in sys.modules. Thus, there isn't really anything wrong with putting no imports at the module level (if they aren't needed) and putting all of the imports at the function level.

It is sometimes necessary to move imports to a function or class to avoid problems with circular imports. Gordon says: 

 Circular imports are fine where both modules use the "import <module>"
 form of import. They fail when the 2nd module wants to grab a name
 out of the first ("from module import name") and the import is at
 the top level. That's because names in the 1st are not yet available,
 (the first module is busy importing the 2nd).
In this case, if the 2nd module is only used in one function, then the import can easily be moved into that function. By the time the import is called, the first module will have finished initializing, and the second module can do its import.

It may also be necessary to move imports out of the top level of code if some of the modules are platform-specific. In that case, it may not even be possible to import all of the modules at the top of the file. In this case, importing the correct modules in the corresponding platform-specific code is a good option.

If only instances of a specific class uses a module, then it is reasonable to import the module in the class's __init__ method and then assign the module to an instance variable so that the module is always available (via that instance variable) during the life of the object. Note that to delay an import until the class is instantiated, the import must be inside a method. Putting the import inside the class but outside of any method still causes the import to occur when the module is initialized.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Aug 4 04:44:47 2001 by TAB

4.101. Is there a tool to help find bugs or perform static analysis?

Yes. PyChecker is a static analysis tool for finding bugs in Python source code as well as warning about code complexity and style.

You can get PyChecker from: http://pychecker.sf.net.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Aug 10 15:42:11 2001 by Neal

4.102. UnicodeError: ASCII [decoding,encoding] error: ordinal not in range(128)

This error indicates that your Python installation can handle only 7-bit ASCII strings. There are a couple ways to fix or workaround the problem.

If your programs must handle data in arbitary character set encodings, the environment the application runs in will generally identify the encoding of the data it is handing you. You need to convert the input to Unicode data using that encoding. For instance, a program that handles email or web input will typically find character set encoding information in Content-Type headers. This can then be used to properly convert input data to Unicode. Assuming the string referred to by "value" is encoded as UTF-8: 

    value = unicode(value, "utf-8")
will return a Unicode object. If the data is not correctly encoded as UTF-8, the above call will raise a UnicodeError.

If you only want strings coverted to Unicode which have non-ASCII data, you can try converting them first assuming an ASCII encoding, and then generate Unicode objects if that fails: 

    try:
        x = unicode(value, "ascii")
    except UnicodeError:
        value = unicode(value, "utf-8")
    else:
        # value was valid ASCII data
        pass

If you normally use a character set encoding other than US-ASCII and only need to handle data in that encoding, the simplest way to fix the problem may be simply to set the encoding in sitecustomize.py. The following code is just a modified version of the encoding setup code from site.py with the relevant lines uncommented. 

    # Set the string encoding used by the Unicode implementation.
    # The default is 'ascii'
    encoding = "ascii" # <= CHANGE THIS if you wish

    # Enable to support locale aware default string encodings.
    import locale
    loc = locale.getdefaultlocale()
    if loc[1]:
        encoding = loc[1]
    if encoding != "ascii":
        import sys
        sys.setdefaultencoding(encoding)

Also note that on Windows, there is an encoding known as "mbcs", which uses an encoding specific to your current locale. In many cases, and particularly when working with COM, this may be an appropriate default encoding to use.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Apr 13 04:45:41 2002 by Skip Montanaro

4.103. Using strings to call functions/methods

There are various techniques:

* Use a dictionary pre-loaded with strings and functions. The primary advantage of this technique is that the strings do not need to match the names of the functions. This is also the primary technique used to emulate a case construct: 

    def a():
        pass

    def b():
        pass

    dispatch = {'go': a, 'stop': b}  # Note lack of parens for funcs

    dispatch[get_input()]()  # Note trailing parens to call function
* Use the built-in function getattr(): 

    import foo
    getattr(foo, 'bar')()
Note that getattr() works on any object, including classes, class instances, modules, and so on.

This is used in several places in the standard library, like this: 

    class Foo:
        def do_foo(self):
            ...

        def do_bar(self):
            ...

     f = getattr(foo_instance, 'do_' + opname)
     f()

* Use locals() or eval() to resolve the function name:

def myFunc(): 

    print "hello"
fname = "myFunc"

f = locals()[fname] f()

f = eval(fname) f()

Note: Using eval() can be dangerous. If you don't have absolute control over the contents of the string, all sorts of things could happen...

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 21 08:14:58 2002 by Erno Kuusela

4.104. How fast are exceptions?

A try/except block is extremely efficient. Actually executing an exception is expensive. In older versions of Python (prior to 2.0), it was common to code this idiom: 

    try:
        value = dict[key]
    except KeyError:
        dict[key] = getvalue(key)
        value = dict[key]
This idiom only made sense when you expected the dict to have the key 95% of the time or more; other times, you coded it like this: 

    if dict.has_key(key):
        value = dict[key]
    else:
        dict[key] = getvalue(key)
        value = dict[key]
In Python 2.0 and higher, of course, you can code this as 

    value = dict.setdefault(key, getvalue(key))
However this evaluates getvalue(key) always, regardless of whether it's needed or not. So if it's slow or has a side effect you should use one of the above variants.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Dec 9 10:12:30 2002 by Yeti

4.105. Sharing global variables across modules

The canonical way to share information across modules within a single program is to create a special module (often called config or cfg). Just import the config module in all modules of your application; the module then becomes available as a global name. Because there is only one instance of each module, any changes made to the module object get reflected everywhere. For example:

config.py: 

    pass
mod.py: 

    import config
    config.x = 1
main.py: 

    import config
    import mod
    print config.x
Note that using a module is also the basis for implementing the Singleton design pattern, for the same reason.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Apr 23 23:07:19 2002 by Aahz

4.106. Why is cPickle so slow?

Use the binary option. We'd like to make that the default, but it would break backward compatibility: 

    largeString = 'z' * (100 * 1024)
    myPickle = cPickle.dumps(largeString, 1)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Aug 22 19:54:25 2002 by Aahz

4.107. When importing module XXX, why do I get "undefined symbol: PyUnicodeUCS2_..." ?

You are using a version of Python that uses a 4-byte representation for Unicode characters, but the extension module you are importing (possibly indirectly) was compiled using a Python that uses a 2-byte representation for Unicode characters (the default).

If instead the name of the undefined symbol starts with PyUnicodeUCS4_, the problem is the same by the relationship is reversed: Python was built using 2-byte Unicode characters, and the extension module was compiled using a Python with 4-byte Unicode characters.

This can easily occur when using pre-built extension packages. RedHat Linux 7.x, in particular, provides a "python2" binary that is compiled with 4-byte Unicode. This only causes the link failure if the extension uses any of the PyUnicode_*() functions. It is also a problem if if an extension uses any of the Unicode-related format specifiers for Py_BuildValue (or similar) or parameter-specifications for PyArg_ParseTuple().

You can check the size of the Unicode character a Python interpreter is using by checking the value of sys.maxunicode: 

  >>> import sys
  >>> if sys.maxunicode > 65535:
  ...     print 'UCS4 build'
  ... else:
  ...     print 'UCS2 build'
The only way to solve this problem is to use extension modules compiled with a Python binary built using the same size for Unicode characters.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Aug 27 15:00:17 2002 by Fred Drake

4.108. How do I create a .pyc file?

QUESTION:

I have a module and I wish to generate a .pyc file. How do I do it? Everything I read says that generation of a .pyc file is "automatic", but I'm not getting anywhere.

ANSWER:

When a module is imported for the first time (or when the source is more recent than the current compiled file) a .pyc file containing the compiled code should be created in the same directory as the .py file.

One reason that a .pyc file may not be created is permissions problems with the directory. This can happen, for example, if you develop as one user but run as another, such as if you are testing with a web server.

However, in most cases, that's not the problem.

Creation of a .pyc file is "automatic" if you are importing a module and Python has the ability (permissions, free space, etc...) to write the compiled module back to the directory. But note that running Python on a top level script is not considered an import and so no .pyc will be created automatically. For example, if you have a top-level module abc.py that imports another module xyz.py, when you run abc, xyz.pyc will be created since xyz is imported, but no abc.pyc file will be created since abc isn't imported.

If you need to create abc.pyc -- that is, to create a .pyc file for a module that is not imported -- you can. (Look up the py_compile and compileall modules in the Library Reference.)

You can manually compile any module using the "py_compile" module. One way is to use the compile() function in that module interactively: 

    >>> import py_compile
    >>> py_compile.compile('abc.py')
This will write the .pyc to the same location as abc.py (or you can override that with the optional parameter cfile).

You can also automatically compile all files in a directory or directories using the "compileall" module, which can also be run straight from the command line.

You can do it from the shell (or DOS) prompt by entering: 

       python compile.py abc.py
or 
       python compile.py *
Or you can write a script to do it on a list of filenames that you enter. 

     import sys
     from py_compile import compile

     if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
        sys.exit(1)

     for file in sys.argv[1:]:
        compile(file)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

Steve Holden, David Bolen, Rich Somerfield, Oleg Broytmann, Steve Ferg

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Feb 12 15:58:25 2003 by Stephen Ferg

5. Extending Python

5.1. Can I create my own functions in C?

Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document "Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter" (http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/ext.html). Also read the chapter on dynamic loading.

There's more information on this in each of the Python books: Programming Python, Internet Programming with Python, and Das Python-Buch (in German).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Dec 10 05:18:57 2001 by Fred L. Drake, Jr.

5.2. Can I create my own functions in C++?

Yes, using the C-compatibility features found in C++. Basically you place extern "C" { ... } around the Python include files and put extern "C" before each function that is going to be called by the Python interpreter. Global or static C++ objects with constructors are probably not a good idea.

Edit this entry / Log info

5.3. How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C?

The highest-level function to do this is PyRun_SimpleString() which takes a single string argument which is executed in the context of module __main__ and returns 0 for success and -1 when an exception occurred (including SyntaxError). If you want more control, use PyRun_String(); see the source for PyRun_SimpleString() in Python/pythonrun.c.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 20:08:14 1997 by Bill Tutt

5.4. How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C?

Call the function PyRun_String() from the previous question with the start symbol eval_input (Py_eval_input starting with 1.5a1); it parses an expression, evaluates it and returns its value.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 21 22:23:18 1997 by David Ascher

5.5. How do I extract C values from a Python object?

That depends on the object's type. If it's a tuple, PyTupleSize(o) returns its length and PyTuple_GetItem(o, i) returns its i'th item; similar for lists with PyListSize(o) and PyList_GetItem(o, i). For strings, PyString_Size(o) returns its length and PyString_AsString(o) a pointer to its value (note that Python strings may contain null bytes so strlen() is not safe). To test which type an object is, first make sure it isn't NULL, and then use PyString_Check(o), PyTuple_Check(o), PyList_Check(o), etc.

There is also a high-level API to Python objects which is provided by the so-called 'abstract' interface -- read Include/abstract.h for further details. It allows for example interfacing with any kind of Python sequence (e.g. lists and tuples) using calls like PySequence_Length(), PySequence_GetItem(), etc.) as well as many other useful protocols.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 21 22:34:20 1997 by David Ascher

5.6. How do I use Py_BuildValue() to create a tuple of arbitrary length?

You can't. Use t = PyTuple_New(n) instead, and fill it with objects using PyTuple_SetItem(t, i, o) -- note that this "eats" a reference count of o. Similar for lists with PyList_New(n) and PyList_SetItem(l, i, o). Note that you must set all the tuple items to some value before you pass the tuple to Python code -- PyTuple_New(n) initializes them to NULL, which isn't a valid Python value.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jul 31 18:15:29 1997 by Guido van Rossum

5.7. How do I call an object's method from C?

The PyObject_CallMethod() function can be used to call an arbitrary method of an object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method to call, a format string like that used with Py_BuildValue(), and the argument values: 

    PyObject *
    PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, char *method_name,
                        char *arg_format, ...);
This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-defined. You are responsible for eventually DECREF'ing the return value.

To call, e.g., a file object's "seek" method with arguments 10, 0 (assuming the file object pointer is "f"): 

        res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, "seek", "(ii)", 10, 0);
        if (res == NULL) {
                ... an exception occurred ...
        }
        else {
                Py_DECREF(res);
        }
Note that since PyObject_CallObject() always wants a tuple for the argument list, to call a function without arguments, pass "()" for the format, and to call a function with one argument, surround the argument in parentheses, e.g. "(i)".

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jun 6 16:15:46 2002 by Neal Norwitz

5.8. How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)?

(Due to Mark Hammond):

In Python code, define an object that supports the "write()" method. Redirect sys.stdout and sys.stderr to this object. Call print_error, or just allow the standard traceback mechanism to work. Then, the output will go wherever your write() method sends it.

The easiest way to do this is to use the StringIO class in the standard library.

Sample code and use for catching stdout: 

	>>> class StdoutCatcher:
	...  def __init__(self):
	...   self.data = ''
	...  def write(self, stuff):
	...   self.data = self.data + stuff
	...  
	>>> import sys
	>>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher()
	>>> print 'foo'
	>>> print 'hello world!'
	>>> sys.stderr.write(sys.stdout.data)
	foo
	hello world!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Dec 16 18:34:25 1998 by Richard Jones

5.9. How do I access a module written in Python from C?

You can get a pointer to the module object as follows: 

        module = PyImport_ImportModule("<modulename>");
If the module hasn't been imported yet (i.e. it is not yet present in sys.modules), this initializes the module; otherwise it simply returns the value of sys.modules["<modulename>"]. Note that it doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures it has been initialized and is stored in sys.modules.

You can then access the module's attributes (i.e. any name defined in the module) as follows: 

        attr = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, "<attrname>");
Calling PyObject_SetAttrString(), to assign to variables in the module, also works.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 21 22:56:40 1997 by david ascher

5.10. How do I interface to C++ objects from Python?

Depending on your requirements, there are many approaches. To do this manually, begin by reading the "Extending and Embedding" document (Doc/ext.tex, see also http://www.python.org/doc/). Realize that for the Python run-time system, there isn't a whole lot of difference between C and C++ -- so the strategy to build a new Python type around a C structure (pointer) type will also work for C++ objects.

A useful automated approach (which also works for C) is SWIG: http://www.swig.org/.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Oct 15 05:14:01 1999 by Sjoerd Mullender

5.11. mSQLmodule (or other old module) won't build with Python 1.5 (or later)

Since python-1.4 "Python.h" will have the file includes needed in an extension module. Backward compatibility is dropped after version 1.4 and therefore mSQLmodule.c will not build as "allobjects.h" cannot be found. The following change in mSQLmodule.c is harmless when building it with 1.4 and necessary when doing so for later python versions:

Remove lines: 

	#include "allobjects.h"
	#include "modsupport.h"
And insert instead: 

	#include "Python.h"
You may also need to add 

                #include "rename2.h"
if the module uses "old names".

This may happen with other ancient python modules as well, and the same fix applies.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Dec 21 02:03:35 1997 by GvR

5.12. I added a module using the Setup file and the make fails! Huh?

Setup must end in a newline, if there is no newline there it gets very sad. Aside from this possibility, maybe you have other non-Python-specific linkage problems.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jun 24 15:54:01 1997 by aaron watters

5.13. I want to compile a Python module on my Red Hat Linux system, but some files are missing.

Red Hat's RPM for Python doesn't include the /usr/lib/python1.x/config/ directory, which contains various files required for compiling Python extensions. Install the python-devel RPM to get the necessary files.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 26 13:44:04 1999 by A.M. Kuchling

5.14. What does "SystemError: _PyImport_FixupExtension: module yourmodule not loaded" mean?

This means that you have created an extension module named "yourmodule", but your module init function does not initialize with that name.

Every module init function will have a line similar to: 

  module = Py_InitModule("yourmodule", yourmodule_functions);
If the string passed to this function is not the same name as your extenion module, the SystemError will be raised.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 25 07:16:08 1999 by Mark Hammond

5.15. How to tell "incomplete input" from "invalid input"?

Sometimes you want to emulate the Python interactive interpreter's behavior, where it gives you a continuation prompt when the input is incomplete (e.g. you typed the start of an "if" statement or you didn't close your parentheses or triple string quotes), but it gives you a syntax error message immediately when the input is invalid.

In Python you can use the codeop module, which approximates the parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example.

The easiest way to do it in C is to call PyRun_InteractiveLoop() (in a separate thread maybe) and let the Python interpreter handle the input for you. You can also set the PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer to point at your custom input function. See Modules/readline.c and Parser/myreadline.c for more hints.

However sometimes you have to run the embedded Python interpreter in the same thread as your rest application and you can't allow the PyRun_InteractiveLoop() to stop while waiting for user input. The one solution then is to call PyParser_ParseString() and test for e.error equal to E_EOF (then the input is incomplete). Sample code fragment, untested, inspired by code from Alex Farber: 

  #include <Python.h>
  #include <node.h>
  #include <errcode.h>
  #include <grammar.h>
  #include <parsetok.h>
  #include <compile.h>

  int testcomplete(char *code)
    /* code should end in \n */
    /* return -1 for error, 0 for incomplete, 1 for complete */
  {
    node *n;
    perrdetail e;

    n = PyParser_ParseString(code, &_PyParser_Grammar,
                             Py_file_input, &e);
    if (n == NULL) {
      if (e.error == E_EOF) 
        return 0;
      return -1;
    }

    PyNode_Free(n);
    return 1;
  }
Another solution is trying to compile the received string with Py_CompileString(). If it compiles fine - try to execute the returned code object by calling PyEval_EvalCode(). Otherwise save the input for later. If the compilation fails, find out if it's an error or just more input is required - by extracting the message string from the exception tuple and comparing it to the "unexpected EOF while parsing". Here is a complete example using the GNU readline library (you may want to ignore SIGINT while calling readline()): 

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <readline.h>

  #include <Python.h>
  #include <object.h>
  #include <compile.h>
  #include <eval.h>

  int main (int argc, char* argv[])
  {
    int i, j, done = 0;                          /* lengths of line, code */
    char ps1[] = ">>> ";
    char ps2[] = "... ";
    char *prompt = ps1;
    char *msg, *line, *code = NULL;
    PyObject *src, *glb, *loc;
    PyObject *exc, *val, *trb, *obj, *dum;

    Py_Initialize ();
    loc = PyDict_New ();
    glb = PyDict_New ();
    PyDict_SetItemString (glb, "__builtins__", PyEval_GetBuiltins ());

    while (!done)
    {
      line = readline (prompt);

      if (NULL == line)                          /* CTRL-D pressed */
      {
        done = 1;
      }
      else
      {
        i = strlen (line);

        if (i > 0)
          add_history (line);                    /* save non-empty lines */

        if (NULL == code)                        /* nothing in code yet */
          j = 0;
        else
          j = strlen (code);

        code = realloc (code, i + j + 2);
        if (NULL == code)                        /* out of memory */
          exit (1);

        if (0 == j)                              /* code was empty, so */
          code[0] = '\0';                        /* keep strncat happy */

        strncat (code, line, i);                 /* append line to code */
        code[i + j] = '\n';                      /* append '\n' to code */
        code[i + j + 1] = '\0';

        src = Py_CompileString (code, "<stdin>", Py_single_input);       

        if (NULL != src)                         /* compiled just fine - */
        {
          if (ps1  == prompt ||                  /* ">>> " or */
              '\n' == code[i + j - 1])           /* "... " and double '\n' */
          {                                               /* so execute it */
            dum = PyEval_EvalCode ((PyCodeObject *)src, glb, loc);
            Py_XDECREF (dum);
            Py_XDECREF (src);
            free (code);
            code = NULL;
            if (PyErr_Occurred ())
              PyErr_Print ();
            prompt = ps1;
          }
        }                                        /* syntax error or E_EOF? */
        else if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches (PyExc_SyntaxError))           
        {
          PyErr_Fetch (&exc, &val, &trb);        /* clears exception! */

          if (PyArg_ParseTuple (val, "sO", &msg, &obj) &&
              !strcmp (msg, "unexpected EOF while parsing")) /* E_EOF */
          {
            Py_XDECREF (exc);
            Py_XDECREF (val);
            Py_XDECREF (trb);
            prompt = ps2;
          }
          else                                   /* some other syntax error */
          {
            PyErr_Restore (exc, val, trb);
            PyErr_Print ();
            free (code);
            code = NULL;
            prompt = ps1;
          }
        }
        else                                     /* some non-syntax error */
        {
          PyErr_Print ();
          free (code);
          code = NULL;
          prompt = ps1;
        }

        free (line);
      }
    }

    Py_XDECREF(glb);
    Py_XDECREF(loc);
    Py_Finalize();
    exit(0);
  }

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Mar 15 09:47:24 2000 by Alex Farber

5.16. How do I debug an extension?

When using gdb with dynamically loaded extensions, you can't set a breakpoint in your extension until your extension is loaded.

In your .gdbinit file (or interactively), add the command

br _PyImport_LoadDynamicModule

$ gdb /local/bin/python

gdb) run myscript.py

gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded

gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded

gdb) br myfunction.c:50

gdb) continue

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Oct 20 11:10:32 2000 by Joe VanAndel

5.17. How do I find undefined Linux g++ symbols, __builtin_new or __pure_virtural

To dynamically load g++ extension modules, you must recompile python, relink python using g++ (change LINKCC in the python Modules Makefile), and link your extension module using g++ (e.g., "g++ -shared -o mymodule.so mymodule.o").

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jan 14 18:03:51 2001 by douglas orr

5.18. How do I define and create objects corresponding to built-in/extension types

Usually you would like to be able to inherit from a Python type when you ask this question. The bottom line for Python 2.2 is: types and classes are miscible. You build instances by calling classes, and you can build subclasses to your heart's desire.

You need to be careful when instantiating immutable types like integers or strings. See http://www.amk.ca/python/2.2/, section 2, for details.

Prior to version 2.2, Python (like Java) insisted that there are first-class and second-class objects (the former are types, the latter classes), and never the twain shall meet.

The library has, however, done a good job of providing class wrappers for the more commonly desired objects (see UserDict, UserList and UserString for examples), and more are always welcome if you happen to be in the mood to write code. These wrappers still exist in Python 2.2.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 10 15:14:07 2002 by Matthias Urlichs

6. Python's design

6.1. Why isn't there a switch or case statement in Python?

You can do this easily enough with a sequence of if... elif... elif... else. There have been some proposals for switch statement syntax, but there is no consensus (yet) on whether and how to do range tests.

Edit this entry / Log info

6.2. Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements?

Basically I believe that using indentation for grouping is extremely elegant and contributes a lot to the clarity of the average Python program. Most people learn to love this feature after a while. Some arguments for it:

Since there are no begin/end brackets there cannot be a disagreement between grouping perceived by the parser and the human reader. I remember long ago seeing a C fragment like this: 

        if (x <= y)
                x++;
                y--;
        z++;
and staring a long time at it wondering why y was being decremented even for x > y... (And I wasn't a C newbie then either.)

Since there are no begin/end brackets, Python is much less prone to coding-style conflicts. In C there are loads of different ways to place the braces (including the choice whether to place braces around single statements in certain cases, for consistency). If you're used to reading (and writing) code that uses one style, you will feel at least slightly uneasy when reading (or being required to write) another style. Many coding styles place begin/end brackets on a line by themself. This makes programs considerably longer and wastes valuable screen space, making it harder to get a good overview over a program. Ideally, a function should fit on one basic tty screen (say, 20 lines). 20 lines of Python are worth a LOT more than 20 lines of C. This is not solely due to the lack of begin/end brackets (the lack of declarations also helps, and the powerful operations of course), but it certainly helps!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed May 21 16:00:15 1997 by GvR

6.3. Why are Python strings immutable?

There are two advantages. One is performance: knowing that a string is immutable makes it easy to lay it out at construction time -- fixed and unchanging storage requirements. (This is also one of the reasons for the distinction between tuples and lists.) The other is that strings in Python are considered as "elemental" as numbers. No amount of activity will change the value 8 to anything else, and in Python, no amount of activity will change the string "eight" to anything else. (Adapted from Jim Roskind)

Edit this entry / Log info

6.4. Delete

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jan 2 03:05:25 2001 by Moshe Zadka

6.5. Why does Python use methods for some functionality (e.g. list.index()) but functions for other (e.g. len(list))?

The major reason is history. Functions were used for those operations that were generic for a group of types and which were intended to work even for objects that didn't have methods at all (e.g. numbers before type/class unification began, or tuples).

It is also convenient to have a function that can readily be applied to an amorphous collection of objects when you use the functional features of Python (map(), apply() et al).

In fact, implementing len(), max(), min() as a built-in function is actually less code than implementing them as methods for each type. One can quibble about individual cases but it's a part of Python, and it's too late to change such things fundamentally now. The functions have to remain to avoid massive code breakage.

Note that for string operations Python has moved from external functions (the string module) to methods. However, len() is still a function.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu May 30 14:08:58 2002 by Steve Holden

6.6. Why can't I derive a class from built-in types (e.g. lists or files)?

As of Python 2.2, you can derive from built-in types. For previous versions, the answer is:

This is caused by the relatively late addition of (user-defined) classes to the language -- the implementation framework doesn't easily allow it. See the answer to question 4.2 for a work-around. This may be fixed in the (distant) future.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu May 23 02:53:22 2002 by Neal Norwitz

6.7. Why must 'self' be declared and used explicitly in method definitions and calls?

So, is your current programming language C++ or Java? :-) When classes were added to Python, this was (again) the simplest way of implementing methods without too many changes to the interpreter. The idea was borrowed from Modula-3. It turns out to be very useful, for a variety of reasons.

First, it makes it more obvious that you are using a method or instance attribute instead of a local variable. Reading "self.x" or "self.meth()" makes it absolutely clear that an instance variable or method is used even if you don't know the class definition by heart. In C++, you can sort of tell by the lack of a local variable declaration (assuming globals are rare or easily recognizable) -- but in Python, there are no local variable declarations, so you'd have to look up the class definition to be sure.

Second, it means that no special syntax is necessary if you want to explicitly reference or call the method from a particular class. In C++, if you want to use a method from base class that is overridden in a derived class, you have to use the :: operator -- in Python you can write baseclass.methodname(self, <argument list>). This is particularly useful for __init__() methods, and in general in cases where a derived class method wants to extend the base class method of the same name and thus has to call the base class method somehow.

Lastly, for instance variables, it solves a syntactic problem with assignment: since local variables in Python are (by definition!) those variables to which a value assigned in a function body (and that aren't explicitly declared global), there has to be some way to tell the interpreter that an assignment was meant to assign to an instance variable instead of to a local variable, and it should preferably be syntactic (for efficiency reasons). C++ does this through declarations, but Python doesn't have declarations and it would be a pity having to introduce them just for this purpose. Using the explicit "self.var" solves this nicely. Similarly, for using instance variables, having to write "self.var" means that references to unqualified names inside a method don't have to search the instance's directories.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jan 12 08:01:50 2001 by Steve Holden

6.8. Can't you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-specific thread implementation?

Answer 1: Unfortunately, the interpreter pushes at least one C stack frame for each Python stack frame. Also, extensions can call back into Python at almost random moments. Therefore a complete threads implementation requires thread support for C.

Answer 2: Fortunately, there is Stackless Python, which has a completely redesigned interpreter loop that avoids the C stack. It's still experimental but looks very promising. Although it is binary compatible with standard Python, it's still unclear whether Stackless will make it into the core -- maybe it's just too revolutionary. Stackless Python currently lives here: http://www.stackless.com. A microthread implementation that uses it can be found here: http://world.std.com/~wware/uthread.html.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Apr 15 08:18:16 2000 by Just van Rossum

6.9. Why can't lambda forms contain statements?

Python lambda forms cannot contain statements because Python's syntactic framework can't handle statements nested inside expressions.

However, in Python, this is not a serious problem. Unlike lambda forms in other languages, where they add functionality, Python lambdas are only a shorthand notation if you're too lazy to define a function.

Functions are already first class objects in Python, and can be declared in a local scope. Therefore the only advantage of using a lambda form instead of a locally-defined function is that you don't need to invent a name for the function -- but that's just a local variable to which the function object (which is exactly the same type of object that a lambda form yields) is assigned!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jun 14 14:15:17 1998 by Tim Peters

6.10. [deleted]

[lambda vs non-nested scopes used to be here]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 21 05:20:56 2002 by Erno Kuusela

6.11. [deleted]

[recursive functions vs non-nested scopes used to be here]

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 21 05:22:04 2002 by Erno Kuusela

6.12. Why is there no more efficient way of iterating over a dictionary than first constructing the list of keys()?

As of Python 2.2, you can now iterate over a dictionary directly, using the new implied dictionary iterator: 

    for k in d: ...
There are also methods returning iterators over the values and items: 

    for k in d.iterkeys(): # same as above
    for v in d.itervalues(): # iterate over values
    for k, v in d.iteritems(): # iterate over items
All these require that you do not modify the dictionary during the loop.

For previous Python versions, the following defense should do:

Have you tried it? I bet it's fast enough for your purposes! In most cases such a list takes only a few percent of the space occupied by the dictionary. Apart from the fixed header, the list needs only 4 bytes (the size of a pointer) per key. A dictionary uses 12 bytes per key plus between 30 and 70 percent hash table overhead, plus the space for the keys and values. By necessity, all keys are distinct objects, and a string object (the most common key type) costs at least 20 bytes plus the length of the string. Add to that the values contained in the dictionary, and you see that 4 bytes more per item really isn't that much more memory...

A call to dict.keys() makes one fast scan over the dictionary (internally, the iteration function does exist) copying the pointers to the key objects into a pre-allocated list object of the right size. The iteration time isn't lost (since you'll have to iterate anyway -- unless in the majority of cases your loop terminates very prematurely (which I doubt since you're getting the keys in random order).

I don't expose the dictionary iteration operation to Python programmers because the dictionary shouldn't be modified during the entire iteration -- if it is, there's a small chance that the dictionary is reorganized because the hash table becomes too full, and then the iteration may miss some items and see others twice. Exactly because this only occurs rarely, it would lead to hidden bugs in programs: it's easy never to have it happen during test runs if you only insert or delete a few items per iteration -- but your users will surely hit upon it sooner or later.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 24 21:24:08 2002 by GvR

6.13. Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?

Not easily. Python's high level data types, dynamic typing of objects and run-time invocation of the interpreter (using eval() or exec) together mean that a "compiled" Python program would probably consist mostly of calls into the Python run-time system, even for seemingly simple operations like "x+1".

Several projects described in the Python newsgroup or at past Python conferences have shown that this approach is feasible, although the speedups reached so far are only modest (e.g. 2x). JPython uses the same strategy for compiling to Java bytecode. (Jim Hugunin has demonstrated that in combination with whole-program analysis, speedups of 1000x are feasible for small demo programs. See the website for the 1997 Python conference.)

Internally, Python source code is always translated into a "virtual machine code" or "byte code" representation before it is interpreted (by the "Python virtual machine" or "bytecode interpreter"). In order to avoid the overhead of parsing and translating modules that rarely change over and over again, this byte code is written on a file whose name ends in ".pyc" whenever a module is parsed (from a file whose name ends in ".py"). When the corresponding .py file is changed, it is parsed and translated again and the .pyc file is rewritten.

There is no performance difference once the .pyc file has been loaded (the bytecode read from the .pyc file is exactly the same as the bytecode created by direct translation). The only difference is that loading code from a .pyc file is faster than parsing and translating a .py file, so the presence of precompiled .pyc files will generally improve start-up time of Python scripts. If desired, the Lib/compileall.py module/script can be used to force creation of valid .pyc files for a given set of modules.

Note that the main script executed by Python, even if its filename ends in .py, is not compiled to a .pyc file. It is compiled to bytecode, but the bytecode is not saved to a file.

If you are looking for a way to translate Python programs in order to distribute them in binary form, without the need to distribute the interpreter and library as well, have a look at the freeze.py script in the Tools/freeze directory. This creates a single binary file incorporating your program, the Python interpreter, and those parts of the Python library that are needed by your program. Of course, the resulting binary will only run on the same type of platform as that used to create it.

Newsflash: there are now several programs that do this, to some extent. Look for Psyco, Pyrex, PyInline, Py2Cmod, and Weave.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 24 21:26:19 2002 by GvR

6.14. How does Python manage memory?

The details of Python memory management depend on the implementation. The standard Python implementation (the C implementation) uses reference counting and another mechanism to collect reference cycles.

Jython relies on the Java runtime; so it uses the JVM's garbage collector. This difference can cause some subtle porting problems if your Python code depends on the behavior of the reference counting implementation.

The reference cycle collector was added in CPython 2.0. It periodically executes a cycle detection algorithm which looks for inaccessible cycles and deletes the objects involved. A new gc module provides functions to perform a garbage collection, obtain debugging statistics, and tuning the collector's parameters.

The detection of cycles can be disabled when Python is compiled, if you can't afford even a tiny speed penalty or suspect that the cycle collection is buggy, by specifying the "--without-cycle-gc" switch when running the configure script.

Sometimes objects get stuck in "tracebacks" temporarily and hence are not deallocated when you might expect. Clear the tracebacks via 

       import sys
       sys.exc_traceback = sys.last_traceback = None
Tracebacks are used for reporting errors and implementing debuggers and related things. They contain a portion of the program state extracted during the handling of an exception (usually the most recent exception).

In the absence of circularities and modulo tracebacks, Python programs need not explicitly manage memory.

Why python doesn't use a more traditional garbage collection scheme? For one thing, unless this were added to C as a standard feature, it's a portability pain in the ass. And yes, I know about the Xerox library. It has bits of assembler code for most common platforms. Not for all. And although it is mostly transparent, it isn't completely transparent (when I once linked Python with it, it dumped core).

Traditional GC also becomes a problem when Python gets embedded into other applications. While in a stand-alone Python it may be fine to replace the standard malloc() and free() with versions provided by the GC library, an application embedding Python may want to have its own substitute for malloc() and free(), and may not want Python's. Right now, Python works with anything that implements malloc() and free() properly.

In Jython, the following code (which is fine in C Python) will probably run out of file descriptors long before it runs out of memory: 

        for file in <very long list of files>:
                f = open(file)
                c = f.read(1)
Using the current reference counting and destructor scheme, each new assignment to f closes the previous file. Using GC, this is not guaranteed. Sure, you can think of ways to fix this. But it's not off-the-shelf technology. If you want to write code that will work with any Python implementation, you should explicitly close the file; this will work regardless of GC: 

       for file in <very long list of files>:
                f = open(file)
                c = f.read(1)
                f.close()

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Mar 21 05:35:38 2002 by Erno Kuusela

6.15. Why are there separate tuple and list data types?

This is done so that tuples can be immutable while lists are mutable.

Immutable tuples are useful in situations where you need to pass a few items to a function and don't want the function to modify the tuple; for example, 

	point1 = (120, 140)
	point2 = (200, 300)
	record(point1, point2)
	draw(point1, point2)
You don't want to have to think about what would happen if record() changed the coordinates -- it can't, because the tuples are immutable.

On the other hand, when creating large lists dynamically, it is absolutely crucial that they are mutable -- adding elements to a tuple one by one requires using the concatenation operator, which makes it quadratic in time.

As a general guideline, use tuples like you would use structs in C or records in Pascal, use lists like (variable length) arrays.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 15:26:03 1997 by GvR

6.16. How are lists implemented?

Despite what a Lisper might think, Python's lists are really variable-length arrays. The implementation uses a contiguous array of references to other objects, and keeps a pointer to this array (as well as its length) in a list head structure.

This makes indexing a list (a[i]) an operation whose cost is independent of the size of the list or the value of the index.

When items are appended or inserted, the array of references is resized. Some cleverness is applied to improve the performance of appending items repeatedly; when the array must be grown, some extra space is allocated so the next few times don't require an actual resize.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 15:32:24 1997 by GvR

6.17. How are dictionaries implemented?

Python's dictionaries are implemented as resizable hash tables.

Compared to B-trees, this gives better performance for lookup (the most common operation by far) under most circumstances, and the implementation is simpler.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 23:51:14 1997 by Vladimir Marangozov

6.18. Why must dictionary keys be immutable?

The hash table implementation of dictionaries uses a hash value calculated from the key value to find the key. If the key were a mutable object, its value could change, and thus its hash could change. But since whoever changes the key object can't tell that is incorporated in a dictionary, it can't move the entry around in the dictionary. Then, when you try to look up the same object in the dictionary, it won't be found, since its hash value is different; and if you try to look up the old value, it won't be found either, since the value of the object found in that hash bin differs.

If you think you need to have a dictionary indexed with a list, try to use a tuple instead. The function tuple(l) creates a tuple with the same entries as the list l.

Some unacceptable solutions that have been proposed:

- Hash lists by their address (object ID). This doesn't work because if you construct a new list with the same value it won't be found; e.g., 

  d = {[1,2]: '12'}
  print d[[1,2]]
will raise a KeyError exception because the id of the [1,2] used in the second line differs from that in the first line. In other words, dictionary keys should be compared using '==', not using 'is'.

- Make a copy when using a list as a key. This doesn't work because the list (being a mutable object) could contain a reference to itself, and then the copying code would run into an infinite loop.

- Allow lists as keys but tell the user not to modify them. This would allow a class of hard-to-track bugs in programs that I'd rather not see; it invalidates an important invariant of dictionaries (every value in d.keys() is usable as a key of the dictionary).

- Mark lists as read-only once they are used as a dictionary key. The problem is that it's not just the top-level object that could change its value; you could use a tuple containing a list as a key. Entering anything as a key into a dictionary would require marking all objects reachable from there as read-only -- and again, self-referential objects could cause an infinite loop again (and again and again).

There is a trick to get around this if you need to, but use it at your own risk: You can wrap a mutable structure inside a class instance which has both a __cmp__ and a __hash__ method. 

   class listwrapper:
        def __init__(self, the_list):
              self.the_list = the_list
        def __cmp__(self, other):
              return self.the_list == other.the_list
        def __hash__(self):
              l = self.the_list
              result = 98767 - len(l)*555
              for i in range(len(l)):
                   try:
                        result = result + (hash(l[i]) % 9999999) * 1001 + i
                   except:
                        result = (result % 7777777) + i * 333
              return result
Note that the hash computation is complicated by the possibility that some members of the list may be unhashable and also by the possibility of arithmetic overflow.

You must make sure that the hash value for all such wrapper objects that reside in a dictionary (or other hash based structure), remain fixed while the object is in the dictionary (or other structure).

Furthermore it must always be the case that if o1 == o2 (ie o1.__cmp__(o2)==0) then hash(o1)==hash(o2) (ie, o1.__hash__() == o2.__hash__()), regardless of whether the object is in a dictionary or not. If you fail to meet these restrictions dictionaries and other hash based structures may misbehave!

In the case of listwrapper above whenever the wrapper object is in a dictionary the wrapped list must not change to avoid anomalies. Don't do this unless you are prepared to think hard about the requirements and the consequences of not meeting them correctly. You've been warned!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jul 10 10:08:40 1997 by aaron watters

6.19. How the heck do you make an array in Python?

["this", 1, "is", "an", "array"]

Lists are arrays in the C or Pascal sense of the word (see question 6.16). The array module also provides methods for creating arrays of fixed types with compact representations (but they are slower to index than lists). Also note that the Numerics extensions and others define array-like structures with various characteristics as well.

To get Lisp-like lists, emulate cons cells 

    lisp_list = ("like",  ("this",  ("example", None) ) )
using tuples (or lists, if you want mutability). Here the analogue of lisp car is lisp_list[0] and the analogue of cdr is lisp_list[1]. Only do this if you're sure you really need to (it's usually a lot slower than using Python lists).

Think of Python lists as mutable heterogeneous arrays of Python objects (say that 10 times fast :) ).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Aug 13 07:08:27 1997 by aaron watters

6.20. Why doesn't list.sort() return the sorted list?

In situations where performance matters, making a copy of the list just to sort it would be wasteful. Therefore, list.sort() sorts the list in place. In order to remind you of that fact, it does not return the sorted list. This way, you won't be fooled into accidentally overwriting a list when you need a sorted copy but also need to keep the unsorted version around.

As a result, here's the idiom to iterate over the keys of a dictionary in sorted order: 

	keys = dict.keys()
	keys.sort()
	for key in keys:
		...do whatever with dict[key]...

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Dec 2 17:01:52 1999 by Fred L. Drake, Jr.

6.21. How do you specify and enforce an interface spec in Python?

An interfaces specification for a module as provided by languages such as C++ and java describes the prototypes for the methods and functions of the module. Many feel that compile time enforcement of interface specifications help aid in the construction of large programs. Python does not support interface specifications directly, but many of their advantages can be obtained by an appropriate test discipline for components, which can often be very easily accomplished in Python. There is also a tool, PyChecker, which can be used to find problems due to subclassing.

A good test suite for a module can at once provide a regression test and serve as a module interface specification (even better since it also gives example usage). Look to many of the standard libraries which often have a "script interpretation" which provides a simple "self test." Even modules which use complex external interfaces can often be tested in isolation using trivial "stub" emulations of the external interface.

An appropriate testing discipline (if enforced) can help build large complex applications in Python as well as having interface specifications would do (or better). Of course Python allows you to get sloppy and not do it. Also you might want to design your code with an eye to make it easily tested.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu May 23 03:05:29 2002 by Neal Norwitz

6.22. Why do all classes have the same type? Why do instances all have the same type?

The Pythonic use of the word "type" is quite different from common usage in much of the rest of the programming language world. A "type" in Python is a description for an object's operations as implemented in C. All classes have the same operations implemented in C which sometimes "call back" to differing program fragments implemented in Python, and hence all classes have the same type. Similarly at the C level all class instances have the same C implementation, and hence all instances have the same type.

Remember that in Python usage "type" refers to a C implementation of an object. To distinguish among instances of different classes use Instance.__class__, and also look to 4.47. Sorry for the terminological confusion, but at this point in Python's development nothing can be done!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jul 1 12:35:47 1997 by aaron watters

6.23. Why isn't all memory freed when Python exits?

Objects referenced from Python module global name spaces are not always deallocated when Python exits.

This may happen if there are circular references (see question 4.17). There are also certain bits of memory that are allocated by the C library that are impossible to free (e.g. a tool like Purify will complain about these).

But in general, Python 1.5 and beyond (in contrast with earlier versions) is quite agressive about cleaning up memory on exit.

If you want to force Python to delete certain things on deallocation use the sys.exitfunc hook to force those deletions. For example if you are debugging an extension module using a memory analysis tool and you wish to make Python deallocate almost everything you might use an exitfunc like this one: 

  import sys

  def my_exitfunc():
       print "cleaning up"
       import sys
       # do order dependant deletions here
       ...
       # now delete everything else in arbitrary order
       for x in sys.modules.values():
            d = x.__dict__
            for name in d.keys():
                 del d[name]

  sys.exitfunc = my_exitfunc
Other exitfuncs can be less drastic, of course.

(In fact, this one just does what Python now already does itself; but the example of using sys.exitfunc to force cleanups is still useful.)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Sep 29 09:46:26 1998 by GvR

6.24. Why no class methods or mutable class variables?

The notation 

    instance.attribute(arg1, arg2)
usually translates to the equivalent of 

    Class.attribute(instance, arg1, arg2)
where Class is a (super)class of instance. Similarly 

    instance.attribute = value
sets an attribute of an instance (overriding any attribute of a class that instance inherits).

Sometimes programmers want to have different behaviours -- they want a method which does not bind to the instance and a class attribute which changes in place. Python does not preclude these behaviours, but you have to adopt a convention to implement them. One way to accomplish this is to use "list wrappers" and global functions. 

   def C_hello():
         print "hello"

   class C:
        hello = [C_hello]
        counter = [0]

    I = C()
Here I.hello[0]() acts very much like a "class method" and I.counter[0] = 2 alters C.counter (and doesn't override it). If you don't understand why you'd ever want to do this, that's because you are pure of mind, and you probably never will want to do it! This is dangerous trickery, not recommended when avoidable. (Inspired by Tim Peter's discussion.)

In Python 2.2, you can do this using the new built-in operations classmethod and staticmethod. See http://www.python.org/2.2/descrintro.html#staticmethods

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Sep 11 15:59:37 2001 by GvR

6.25. Why are default values sometimes shared between objects?

It is often expected that a function CALL creates new objects for default values. This is not what happens. Default values are created when the function is DEFINED, that is, there is only one such object that all functions refer to. If that object is changed, subsequent calls to the function will refer to this changed object. By definition, immutable objects (like numbers, strings, tuples, None) are safe from change. Changes to mutable objects (like dictionaries, lists, class instances) is what causes the confusion.

Because of this feature it is good programming practice not to use mutable objects as default values, but to introduce them in the function. Don't write: 

	def foo(dict={}):  # XXX shared reference to one dict for all calls
	    ...
but: 
	def foo(dict=None):
		if dict is None:
			dict = {} # create a new dict for local namespace
See page 182 of "Internet Programming with Python" for one discussion of this feature. Or see the top of page 144 or bottom of page 277 in "Programming Python" for another discussion.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Aug 16 07:03:35 1997 by Case Roole

6.26. Why no goto?

Actually, you can use exceptions to provide a "structured goto" that even works across function calls. Many feel that exceptions can conveniently emulate all reasonable uses of the "go" or "goto" constructs of C, Fortran, and other languages. For example: 

   class label: pass # declare a label
   try:
        ...
        if (condition): raise label() # goto label
        ...
   except label: # where to goto
        pass
   ...
This doesn't allow you to jump into the middle of a loop, but that's usually considered an abuse of goto anyway. Use sparingly.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Sep 10 07:16:44 1997 by aaron watters

6.27. How do you make a higher order function in Python?

You have two choices: you can use default arguments and override them or you can use "callable objects." For example suppose you wanted to define linear(a,b) which returns a function f where f(x) computes the value a*x+b. Using default arguments: 

     def linear(a,b):
         def result(x, a=a, b=b):
             return a*x + b
         return result
Or using callable objects: 

     class linear:
        def __init__(self, a, b):
            self.a, self.b = a,b
        def __call__(self, x):
            return self.a * x + self.b
In both cases: 

     taxes = linear(0.3,2)
gives a callable object where taxes(10e6) == 0.3 * 10e6 + 2.

The defaults strategy has the disadvantage that the default arguments could be accidentally or maliciously overridden. The callable objects approach has the disadvantage that it is a bit slower and a bit longer. Note however that a collection of callables can share their signature via inheritance. EG 

      class exponential(linear):
         # __init__ inherited
         def __call__(self, x):
             return self.a * (x ** self.b)
On comp.lang.python, zenin@bawdycaste.org points out that an object can encapsulate state for several methods in order to emulate the "closure" concept from functional programming languages, for example: 

    class counter:
        value = 0
        def set(self, x): self.value = x
        def up(self): self.value=self.value+1
        def down(self): self.value=self.value-1

    count = counter()
    inc, dec, reset = count.up, count.down, count.set
Here inc, dec and reset act like "functions which share the same closure containing the variable count.value" (if you like that way of thinking).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Sep 25 08:38:35 1998 by Aaron Watters

6.28. Why do I get a SyntaxError for a 'continue' inside a 'try'?

This is an implementation limitation, caused by the extremely simple-minded way Python generates bytecode. The try block pushes something on the "block stack" which the continue would have to pop off again. The current code generator doesn't have the data structures around so that 'continue' can generate the right code.

Note that JPython doesn't have this restriction!

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 22 15:01:07 1998 by GvR

6.29. Why can't raw strings (r-strings) end with a backslash?

More precisely, they can't end with an odd number of backslashes: the unpaired backslash at the end escapes the closing quote character, leaving an unterminated string.

Raw strings were designed to ease creating input for processors (chiefly regular expression engines) that want to do their own backslash escape processing. Such processors consider an unmatched trailing backslash to be an error anyway, so raw strings disallow that. In return, they allow you to pass on the string quote character by escaping it with a backslash. These rules work well when r-strings are used for their intended purpose.

If you're trying to build Windows pathnames, note that all Windows system calls accept forward slashes too: 

    f = open("/mydir/file.txt") # works fine!
If you're trying to build a pathname for a DOS command, try e.g. one of 

    dir = r"\this\is\my\dos\dir" "\\"
    dir = r"\this\is\my\dos\dir\ "[:-1]
    dir = "\\this\\is\\my\\dos\\dir\\"

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jul 13 20:50:20 1998 by Tim Peters

6.30. Why can't I use an assignment in an expression?

Many people used to C or Perl complain that they want to be able to use e.g. this C idiom: 

    while (line = readline(f)) {
        ...do something with line...
    }
where in Python you're forced to write this: 

    while 1:
        line = f.readline()
        if not line:
            break
        ...do something with line...
This issue comes up in the Python newsgroup with alarming frequency -- search Deja News for past messages about assignment expression. The reason for not allowing assignment in Python expressions is a common, hard-to-find bug in those other languages, caused by this construct: 

    if (x = 0) {
        ...error handling...
    }
    else {
        ...code that only works for nonzero x...
    }
Many alternatives have been proposed. Most are hacks that save some typing but use arbitrary or cryptic syntax or keywords, and fail the simple criterion that I use for language change proposals: it should intuitively suggest the proper meaning to a human reader who has not yet been introduced with the construct.

The earliest time something can be done about this will be with Python 2.0 -- if it is decided that it is worth fixing. An interesting phenomenon is that most experienced Python programmers recognize the "while 1" idiom and don't seem to be missing the assignment in expression construct much; it's only the newcomers who express a strong desire to add this to the language.

One fairly elegant solution would be to introduce a new operator for assignment in expressions spelled ":=" -- this avoids the "=" instead of "==" problem. It would have the same precedence as comparison operators but the parser would flag combination with other comparisons (without disambiguating parentheses) as an error.

Finally -- there's an alternative way of spelling this that seems attractive but is generally less robust than the "while 1" solution: 

    line = f.readline()
    while line:
        ...do something with line...
        line = f.readline()
The problem with this is that if you change your mind about exactly how you get the next line (e.g. you want to change it into sys.stdin.readline()) you have to remember to change two places in your program -- the second one hidden at the bottom of the loop.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue May 18 00:57:41 1999 by Andrew Dalke

6.31. Why doesn't Python have a "with" statement like some other languages?

Basically, because such a construct would be terribly ambiguous. Thanks to Carlos Ribeiro for the following remarks:

Some languages, such as Object Pascal, Delphi, and C++, use static types. So it is possible to know, in an unambiguous way, what member is being assigned in a "with" clause. This is the main point - the compiler always knows the scope of every variable at compile time.

Python uses dynamic types. It is impossible to know in advance which attribute will be referenced at runtime. Member attributes may be added or removed from objects on the fly. This would make it impossible to know, from a simple reading, what attribute is being referenced - a local one, a global one, or a member attribute.

For instance, take the following snippet (it is incomplete btw, just to give you the idea): 

   def with_is_broken(a):
      with a:
         print x
The snippet assumes that "a" must have a member attribute called "x". However, there is nothing in Python that guarantees that. What should happen if "a" is, let us say, an integer? And if I have a global variable named "x", will it end up being used inside the with block? As you see, the dynamic nature of Python makes such choices much harder.

The primary benefit of "with" and similar language features (reduction of code volume) can, however, easily be achieved in Python by assignment. Instead of: 

    function(args).dict[index][index].a = 21
    function(args).dict[index][index].b = 42
    function(args).dict[index][index].c = 63
would become: 

    ref = function(args).dict[index][index]
    ref.a = 21
    ref.b = 42
    ref.c = 63
This also has the happy side-effect of increasing execution speed, since name bindings are resolved at run-time in Python, and the second method only needs to perform the resolution once. If the referenced object does not have a, b and c attributes, of course, the end result is still a run-time exception.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jan 11 14:32:58 2002 by Steve Holden

6.32. Why are colons required for if/while/def/class?

The colon is required primarily to enhance readability (one of the results of the experimental ABC language). Consider this: 

    if a==b
        print a
versus 

    if a==b:
        print a
Notice how the second one is slightly easier to read. Notice further how a colon sets off the example in the second line of this FAQ answer; it's a standard usage in English. Finally, the colon makes it easier for editors with syntax highlighting.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Jun 3 07:22:57 2002 by Matthias Urlichs

6.33. Can't we get rid of the Global Interpreter Lock?

The Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is often seen as a hindrance to Python's deployment on high-end multiprocessor server machines, because a multi-threaded Python program effectively only uses one CPU, due to the insistence that (almost) all Python code can only run while the GIL is held.

Back in the days of Python 1.5, Greg Stein actually implemented a comprehensive patch set ("free threading") that removed the GIL, replacing it with fine-grained locking. Unfortunately, even on Windows (where locks are very efficient) this ran ordinary Python code about twice as slow as the interpreter using the GIL. On Linux the performance loss was even worse (pthread locks aren't as efficient).

Since then, the idea of getting rid of the GIL has occasionally come up but nobody has found a way to deal with the expected slowdown; Greg's free threading patch set has not been kept up-to-date for later Python versions.

This doesn't mean that you can't make good use of Python on multi-CPU machines! You just have to be creative with dividing the work up between multiple processes rather than multiple threads.

It has been suggested that the GIL should be a per-interpreter-state lock rather than truly global; interpreters then wouldn't be able to share objects. Unfortunately, this isn't likely to happen either.

It would be a tremendous amount of work, because many object implementations currently have global state. E.g. small ints and small strings are cached; these caches would have to be moved to the interpreter state. Other object types have their own free list; these free lists would have to be moved to the interpreter state. And so on.

And I doubt that it can even be done in finite time, because the same problem exists for 3rd party extensions. It is likely that 3rd party extensions are being written at a faster rate than you can convert them to store all their global state in the interpreter state.

And finally, once you have multiple interpreters not sharing any state, what have you gained over running each interpreter in a separate process?

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Feb 7 16:34:01 2003 by GvR

7. Using Python on non-UNIX platforms

7.1. Is there a Mac version of Python?

Yes, it is maintained by Jack Jansen. See Jack's MacPython Page: 

  http://www.cwi.nl/~jack/macpython.html

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 4 09:33:42 2001 by GvR

7.2. Are there DOS and Windows versions of Python?

Yes. The core windows binaries are available from http://www.python.org/windows/. There is a plethora of Windows extensions available, including a large number of not-always-compatible GUI toolkits. The core binaries include the standard Tkinter GUI extension.

Most windows extensions can be found (or referenced) at http://www.python.org/windows/

Windows 3.1/DOS support seems to have dropped off recently. You may need to settle for an old version of Python one these platforms. One such port is WPY

WPY: Ports to DOS, Windows 3.1(1), Windows 95, Windows NT and OS/2. Also contains a GUI package that offers portability between Windows (not DOS) and Unix, and native look and feel on both. ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/wpy/.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Jun 2 20:21:57 1998 by Mark Hammond

7.3. Is there an OS/2 version of Python?

Yes, see http://www.python.org/download/download_os2.html.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Sep 7 11:33:16 1999 by GvR

7.4. Is there a VMS version of Python?

Jean-François Piéronne has ported 2.1.3 to OpenVMS. It can be found at <http://vmspython.dyndns.org/>.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Sep 19 15:40:38 2002 by Skip Montanaro

7.5. What about IBM mainframes, or other non-UNIX platforms?

I haven't heard about these, except I remember hearing about an OS/9 port and a port to Vxworks (both operating systems for embedded systems). If you're interested in any of this, go directly to the newsgroup and ask there, you may find exactly what you need. For example, a port to MPE/iX 5.0 on HP3000 computers was just announced, see http://www.allegro.com/software/.

On the IBM mainframe side, for Z/OS there's a port of python 1.4 that goes with their open-unix package, formely OpenEdition MVS, (http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/python.html). On a side note, there's also a java vm ported - so, in theory, jython could run too.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Nov 18 03:18:39 2002 by Bruno Jessen

7.6. Where are the source or Makefiles for the non-UNIX versions?

The standard sources can (almost) be used. Additional sources can be found in the platform-specific subdirectories of the distribution.

Edit this entry / Log info

7.7. What is the status and support for the non-UNIX versions?

I don't have access to most of these platforms, so in general I am dependent on material submitted by volunteers. However I strive to integrate all changes needed to get it to compile on a particular platform back into the standard sources, so porting of the next version to the various non-UNIX platforms should be easy. (Note that Linux is classified as a UNIX platform here. :-)

Some specific platforms:

Windows: all versions (95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP) are supported, all python.org releases come with a Windows installer.

MacOS: Jack Jansen does an admirable job of keeping the Mac version up to date (both MacOS X and older versions); see http://www.cwi.nl/~jack/macpython.html

For all supported platforms, see http://www.python.org/download/ (follow the link to "Other platforms" for less common platforms)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 24 21:34:24 2002 by GvR

7.8. I have a PC version but it appears to be only a binary. Where's the library?

If you are running any version of Windows, then you have the wrong distribution. The FAQ lists current Windows versions. Notably, Pythonwin and wpy provide fully functional installations.

But if you are sure you have the only distribution with a hope of working on your system, then...

You still need to copy the files from the distribution directory "python/Lib" to your system. If you don't have the full distribution, you can get the file lib<version>.tar.gz from most ftp sites carrying Python; this is a subset of the distribution containing just those files, e.g. ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/src/lib1.4.tar.gz.

Once you have installed the library, you need to point sys.path to it. Assuming the library is in C:\misc\python\lib, the following commands will point your Python interpreter to it (note the doubled backslashes -- you can also use single forward slashes instead): 

        >>> import sys
        >>> sys.path.insert(0, 'C:\\misc\\python\\lib')
        >>>
For a more permanent effect, set the environment variable PYTHONPATH, as follows (talking to a DOS prompt): 

        C> SET PYTHONPATH=C:\misc\python\lib

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri May 23 16:28:27 1997 by Ken Manheimer

7.9. Where's the documentation for the Mac or PC version?

The documentation for the Unix version also applies to the Mac and PC versions. Where applicable, differences are indicated in the text.

Edit this entry / Log info

7.10. How do I create a Python program file on the Mac or PC?

Use an external editor. On the Mac, BBEdit seems to be a popular no-frills text editor. I work like this: start the interpreter; edit a module file using BBedit; import and test it in the interpreter; edit again in BBedit; then use the built-in function reload() to re-read the imported module; etc. In the 1.4 distribution you will find a BBEdit extension that makes life a little easier: it can tell the interpreter to execute the current window. See :Mac:Tools:BBPy:README.

Regarding the same question for the PC, Kurt Wm. Hemr writes: "While anyone with a pulse could certainly figure out how to do the same on MS-Windows, I would recommend the NotGNU Emacs clone for MS-Windows. Not only can you easily resave and "reload()" from Python after making changes, but since WinNot auto-copies to the clipboard any text you select, you can simply select the entire procedure (function) which you changed in WinNot, switch to QWPython, and shift-ins to reenter the changed program unit."

If you're using Windows95 or Windows NT, you should also know about PythonWin, which provides a GUI framework, with an mouse-driven editor, an object browser, and a GUI-based debugger. See 

       http://www.python.org/ftp/python/pythonwin/
for details.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun May 25 10:04:25 1997 by GvR

7.11. How can I use Tkinter on Windows 95/NT?

Starting from Python 1.5, it's very easy -- just download and install Python and Tcl/Tk and you're in business. See 

  http://www.python.org/download/download_windows.html
One warning: don't attempt to use Tkinter from PythonWin (Mark Hammond's IDE). Use it from the command line interface (python.exe) or the windowless interpreter (pythonw.exe).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jun 12 09:32:48 1998 by GvR

7.12. cgi.py (or other CGI programming) doesn't work sometimes on NT or win95!

Be sure you have the latest python.exe, that you are using python.exe rather than a GUI version of python and that you have configured the server to execute 

     "...\python.exe -u ..."
for the cgi execution. The -u (unbuffered) option on NT and win95 prevents the interpreter from altering newlines in the standard input and output. Without it post/multipart requests will seem to have the wrong length and binary (eg, GIF) responses may get garbled (resulting in, eg, a "broken image").

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Jul 30 10:48:02 1997 by aaron watters

7.13. Why doesn't os.popen() work in PythonWin on NT?

The reason that os.popen() doesn't work from within PythonWin is due to a bug in Microsoft's C Runtime Library (CRT). The CRT assumes you have a Win32 console attached to the process.

You should use the win32pipe module's popen() instead which doesn't depend on having an attached Win32 console.

Example: 

 import win32pipe
 f = win32pipe.popen('dir /c c:\\')
 print f.readlines()
 f.close()

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jul 31 15:34:09 1997 by Bill Tutt

7.14. How do I use different functionality on different platforms with the same program?

Remember that Python is extremely dynamic and that you can use this dynamism to configure a program at run-time to use available functionality on different platforms. For example you can test the sys.platform and import different modules based on its value. 

   import sys
   if sys.platform == "win32":
      import win32pipe
      popen = win32pipe.popen
   else:
      import os
      popen = os.popen
(See FAQ 7.13 for an explanation of why you might want to do something like this.) Also you can try to import a module and use a fallback if the import fails: 

    try:
         import really_fast_implementation
         choice = really_fast_implementation
    except ImportError:
         import slower_implementation
         choice = slower_implementation

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Aug 13 07:39:06 1997 by aaron watters

7.15. Is there an Amiga version of Python?

Yes. See the AmigaPython homepage at http://www.bigfoot.com/~irmen/python.html.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Dec 14 06:53:32 1998 by Irmen de Jong

7.16. Why doesn't os.popen()/win32pipe.popen() work on Win9x?

There is a bug in Win9x that prevents os.popen/win32pipe.popen* from working. The good news is there is a way to work around this problem. The Microsoft Knowledge Base article that you need to lookup is: Q150956. You will find links to the knowledge base at: http://www.microsoft.com/kb.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jun 25 10:45:38 1999 by Bill Tutt

8. Python on Windows

8.1. Using Python for CGI on Microsoft Windows

** Setting up the Microsoft IIS Server/Peer Server

On the Microsoft IIS server or on the Win95 MS Personal Web Server you set up python in the same way that you would set up any other scripting engine.

Run regedt32 and go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W3SVC\Parameters\ScriptMap

and enter the following line (making any specific changes that your system may need)

.py :REG_SZ: c:\<path to python>\python.exe -u %s %s

This line will allow you to call your script with a simple reference like: http://yourserver/scripts/yourscript.py provided "scripts" is an "executable" directory for your server (which it usually is by default). The "-u" flag specifies unbuffered and binary mode for stdin - needed when working with binary data

In addition, it is recommended by people who would know that using ".py" may not be a good idea for the file extensions when used in this context (you might want to reserve *.py for support modules and use *.cgi or *.cgp for "main program" scripts). However, that issue is beyond this Windows FAQ entry.

** Apache configuration

In the Apache configuration file httpd.conf, add the following line at the end of the file:

ScriptInterpreterSource Registry

Then, give your Python CGI-scripts the extension .py and put them in the cgi-bin directory.

** Netscape Servers: Information on this topic exists at: http://home.netscape.com/comprod/server_central/support/fasttrack_man/programs.htm#1010870

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Mar 27 12:25:54 2002 by Gerhard Häring

8.2. How to check for a keypress without blocking?

Use the msvcrt module. This is a standard Windows-specific extensions in Python 1.5 and beyond. It defines a function kbhit() which checks whether a keyboard hit is present; also getch() which gets one character without echo. Plus a few other goodies.

(Search for "keypress" to find an answer for Unix as well.)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Mar 30 16:21:46 1998 by GvR

8.3. $PYTHONPATH

In MS-DOS derived environments, a unix variable such as $PYTHONPATH is set as PYTHONPATH, without the dollar sign. PYTHONPATH is useful for specifying the location of library files.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jun 11 00:41:26 1998 by Gvr

8.4. dedent syntax errors

The FAQ does not recommend using tabs, and Guido's Python Style Guide recommends 4 spaces for distributed Python code; this is also the Emacs python-mode default; see 

    http://www.python.org/doc/essays/styleguide.html
Under any editor mixing tabs and spaces is a bad idea. MSVC is no different in this respect, and is easily configured to use spaces: Take Tools -> Options -> Tabs, and for file type "Default" set "Tab size" and "Indent size" to 4, and select the "Insert spaces" radio button.

If you suspect mixed tabs and spaces are causing problems in leading whitespace, run Python with the -t switch or, run Tools/Scripts/tabnanny.py to check a directory tree in batch mode.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Mon Feb 12 15:04:14 2001 by Steve Holden

8.5. How do I emulate os.kill() in Windows?

Use win32api: 

    def kill(pid):
        """kill function for Win32"""
        import win32api
        handle = win32api.OpenProcess(1, 0, pid)
        return (0 != win32api.TerminateProcess(handle, 0))

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Aug 8 18:55:06 1998 by Jeff Bauer

8.6. Why does os.path.isdir() fail on NT shared directories?

The solution appears to be always append the "\\" on the end of shared drives. 

  >>> import os
  >>> os.path.isdir( '\\\\rorschach\\public')
  0
  >>> os.path.isdir( '\\\\rorschach\\public\\')
  1
[Blake Winton responds:] I've had the same problem doing "Start >> Run" and then a directory on a shared drive. If I use "\\rorschach\public", it will fail, but if I use "\\rorschach\public\", it will work. For that matter, os.stat() does the same thing (well, it gives an error for "\\\\rorschach\\public", but you get the idea)...

I've got a theory about why this happens, but it's only a theory. NT knows the difference between shared directories, and regular directories. "\\rorschach\public" isn't a directory, it's _really_ an IPC abstraction. This is sort of lended credence to by the fact that when you're mapping a network drive, you can't map "\\rorschach\public\utils", but only "\\rorschach\public".

[Clarification by funkster@midwinter.com] It's not actually a Python question, as Python is working just fine; it's clearing up something a bit muddled about Windows networked drives.

It helps to think of share points as being like drive letters. Example: 

        k: is not a directory
        k:\ is a directory
        k:\media is a directory
        k:\media\ is not a directory
The same rules apply if you substitute "k:" with "\\conky\foo": 
        \\conky\foo  is not a directory
        \\conky\foo\ is a directory
        \\conky\foo\media is a directory
        \\conky\foo\media\ is not a directory

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sun Jan 31 08:44:48 1999 by GvR

8.7. PyRun_SimpleFile() crashes on Windows but not on Unix

I've seen a number of reports of PyRun_SimpleFile() failing in a Windows port of an application embedding Python that worked fine on Unix. PyRun_SimpleString() works fine on both platforms.

I think this happens because the application was compiled with a different set of compiler flags than Python15.DLL. It seems that some compiler flags affect the standard I/O library in such a way that using different flags makes calls fail. You need to set it for the non-debug multi-threaded DLL (/MD on the command line, or can be set via MSVC under Project Settings->C++/Code Generation then the "Use rum-time library" dropdown.)

Also note that you can not mix-and-match Debug and Release versions. If you wish to use the Debug Multithreaded DLL, then your module _must_ have an "_d" appended to the base name.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Nov 17 17:37:07 1999 by Mark Hammond

8.8. Import of _tkinter fails on Windows 95/98

Sometimes, the import of _tkinter fails on Windows 95 or 98, complaining with a message like the following: 

  ImportError: DLL load failed: One of the library files needed
  to run this application cannot be found.
It could be that you haven't installed Tcl/Tk, but if you did install Tcl/Tk, and the Wish application works correctly, the problem may be that its installer didn't manage to edit the autoexec.bat file correctly. It tries to add a statement that changes the PATH environment variable to include the Tcl/Tk 'bin' subdirectory, but sometimes this edit doesn't quite work. Opening it with notepad usually reveals what the problem is.

(One additional hint, noted by David Szafranski: you can't use long filenames here; e.g. use C:\PROGRA~1\Tcl\bin instead of C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin.)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Dec 2 22:32:41 1998 by GvR

8.9. Can't extract the downloaded documentation on Windows

Sometimes, when you download the documentation package to a Windows machine using a web browser, the file extension of the saved file ends up being .EXE. This is a mistake; the extension should be .TGZ.

Simply rename the downloaded file to have the .TGZ extension, and WinZip will be able to handle it. (If your copy of WinZip doesn't, get a newer one from http://www.winzip.com.)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Sat Nov 21 13:41:35 1998 by GvR

8.10. Can't get Py_RunSimpleFile() to work.

This is very sensitive to the compiler vendor, version and (perhaps) even options. If the FILE* structure in your embedding program isn't the same as is assumed by the Python interpreter it won't work.

The Python 1.5.* DLLs (python15.dll) are all compiled with MS VC++ 5.0 and with multithreading-DLL options (/MD, I think).

If you can't change compilers or flags, try using Py_RunSimpleString(). A trick to get it to run an arbitrary file is to construct a call to execfile() with the name of your file as argument.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Jan 13 10:58:14 1999 by GvR

8.11. Where is Freeze for Windows?

("Freeze" is a program that allows you to ship a Python program as a single stand-alone executable file. It is not a compiler, your programs don't run any faster, but they are more easily distributable (to platforms with the same OS and CPU). Read the README file of the freeze program for more disclaimers.)

You can use freeze on Windows, but you must download the source tree (see http://www.python.org/download/download_source.html). This is recommended for Python 1.5.2 (and betas thereof) only; older versions don't quite work.

You need the Microsoft VC++ 5.0 compiler (maybe it works with 6.0 too). You probably need to build Python -- the project files are all in the PCbuild directory.

The freeze program is in the Tools\freeze subdirectory of the source tree.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Wed Feb 17 18:47:24 1999 by GvR

8.12. Is a *.pyd file the same as a DLL?

Yes, .pyd files are dll's. But there are a few differences. If you have a DLL named foo.pyd, then it must have a function initfoo(). You can then write Python "import foo", and Python will search for foo.pyd (as well as foo.py, foo.pyc) and if it finds it, will attempt to call initfoo() to initialize it. You do not link your .exe with foo.lib, as that would cause Windows to require the DLL to be present.

Note that the search path for foo.pyd is PYTHONPATH, not the same as the path that Windows uses to search for foo.dll. Also, foo.pyd need not be present to run your program, whereas if you linked your program with a dll, the dll is required. Of course, foo.pyd is required if you want to say "import foo". In a dll, linkage is declared in the source code with __declspec(dllexport). In a .pyd, linkage is defined in a list of available functions.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Nov 23 02:40:08 1999 by Jameson Quinn

8.13. Missing cw3215mt.dll (or missing cw3215.dll)

Sometimes, when using Tkinter on Windows, you get an error that cw3215mt.dll or cw3215.dll is missing.

Cause: you have an old Tcl/Tk DLL built with cygwin in your path (probably C:\Windows). You must use the Tcl/Tk DLLs from the standard Tcl/Tk installation (Python 1.5.2 comes with one).

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Jun 11 00:54:13 1999 by GvR

8.14. How to make python scripts executable:

[Blake Coverett]

Win2K:

The standard installer already associates the .py extension with a file type (Python.File) and gives that file type an open command that runs the interpreter (D:\Program Files\Python\python.exe "%1" %*). This is enough to make scripts executable from the command prompt as 'foo.py'. If you'd rather be able to execute the script by simple typing 'foo' with no extension you need to add .py to the PATHEXT environment variable.

WinNT:

The steps taken by the installed as described above allow you do run a script with 'foo.py', but a long time bug in the NT command processor prevents you from redirecting the input or output of any script executed in this way. This is often important.

An appropriate incantation for making a Python script executable under WinNT is to give the file an extension of .cmd and add the following as the first line: 

    @setlocal enableextensions & python -x %~f0 %* & goto :EOF
Win9x:

[Due to Bruce Eckel] 

  @echo off
  rem = """
  rem run python on this bat file. Needs the full path where
  rem you keep your python files. The -x causes python to skip
  rem the first line of the file:
  python -x c:\aaa\Python\\"%0".bat %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
  goto endofpython
  rem """

  # The python program goes here:

  print "hello, Python"

  # For the end of the batch file:
  rem = """
  :endofpython
  rem """

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Nov 30 10:25:17 1999 by GvR

8.15. Warning about CTL3D32 version from installer

The Python installer issues a warning like this: 

  This version uses CTL3D32.DLL whitch is not the correct version.
  This version is used for windows NT applications only.
[Tim Peters] This is a Microsoft DLL, and a notorious source of problems. The msg means what it says: you have the wrong version of this DLL for your operating system. The Python installation did not cause this -- something else you installed previous to this overwrote the DLL that came with your OS (probably older shareware of some sort, but there's no way to tell now). If you search for "CTL3D32" using any search engine (AltaVista, for example), you'll find hundreds and hundreds of web pages complaining about the same problem with all sorts of installation programs. They'll point you to ways to get the correct version reinstalled on your system (since Python doesn't cause this, we can't fix it).

David A Burton has written a little program to fix this. Go to http://www.burtonsys.com/download.html and click on "ctl3dfix.zip"

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Oct 26 15:42:00 2000 by GvR

8.16. How can I embed Python into a Windows application?

Edward K. Ream <edream@tds.net> writes

When '##' appears in a file name below, it is an abbreviated version number. For example, for Python 2.1.1, ## will be replaced by 21.

Embedding the Python interpreter in a Windows app can be summarized as follows:

1. Do _not_ build Python into your .exe file directly. On Windows, Python must be a DLL to handle importing modules that are themselves DLL's. (This is the first key undocumented fact.) Instead, link to python##.dll; it is typically installed in c:\Windows\System.

You can link to Python statically or dynamically. Linking statically means linking against python##.lib The drawback is that your app won't run if python##.dll does not exist on your system.

General note: python##.lib is the so-called "import lib" corresponding to python.dll. It merely defines symbols for the linker.

Borland note: convert python##.lib to OMF format using Coff2Omf.exe first.

Linking dynamically greatly simplifies link options; everything happens at run time. Your code must load python##.dll using the Windows LoadLibraryEx() routine. The code must also use access routines and data in python##.dll (that is, Python's C API's) using pointers obtained by the Windows GetProcAddress() routine. Macros can make using these pointers transparent to any C code that calls routines in Python's C API.

2. If you use SWIG, it is easy to create a Python "extension module" that will make the app's data and methods available to Python. SWIG will handle just about all the grungy details for you. The result is C code that you link _into your .exe file_ (!) You do _not_ have to create a DLL file, and this also simplifies linking.

3. SWIG will create an init function (a C function) whose name depends on the name of the extension module. For example, if the name of the module is leo, the init function will be called initleo(). If you use SWIG shadow classes, as you should, the init function will be called initleoc(). This initializes a mostly hidden helper class used by the shadow class.

The reason you can link the C code in step 2 into your .exe file is that calling the initialization function is equivalent to importing the module into Python! (This is the second key undocumented fact.)

4. In short, you can use the following code to initialize the Python interpreter with your extension module. 

    #include "python.h"
    ...
    Py_Initialize();  // Initialize Python.
    initmyAppc();  // Initialize (import) the helper class. 
    PyRun_SimpleString("import myApp") ;  // Import the shadow class.
5. There are two problems with Python's C API which will become apparent if you use a compiler other than MSVC, the compiler used to build python##.dll.

Problem 1: The so-called "Very High Level" functions that take FILE * arguments will not work in a multi-compiler environment; each compiler's notion of a struct FILE will be different. From an implementation standpoint these are very _low_ level functions.

Problem 2: SWIG generates the following code when generating wrappers to void functions: 

    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    _resultobj = Py_None;
    return _resultobj;
Alas, Py_None is a macro that expands to a reference to a complex data structure called _Py_NoneStruct inside python##.dll. Again, this code will fail in a mult-compiler environment. Replace such code by: 

    return Py_BuildValue("");
It may be possible to use SWIG's %typemap command to make the change automatically, though I have not been able to get this to work (I'm a complete SWIG newbie).

6. Using a Python shell script to put up a Python interpreter window from inside your Windows app is not a good idea; the resulting window will be independent of your app's windowing system. Rather, you (or the wxPythonWindow class) should create a "native" interpreter window. It is easy to connect that window to the Python interpreter. You can redirect Python's i/o to _any_ object that supports read and write, so all you need is a Python object (defined in your extension module) that contains read() and write() methods.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Thu Jan 31 16:29:34 2002 by Victor Kryukov

8.17. Setting up IIS 5 to use Python for CGI

In order to set up Internet Information Services 5 to use Python for CGI processing, please see the following links:

http://www.e-coli.net/pyiis_server.html (for Win2k Server) http://www.e-coli.net/pyiis.html (for Win2k pro)

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Fri Mar 22 22:05:51 2002 by douglas savitsky

8.18. How do I run a Python program under Windows?

This is not necessarily quite the straightforward question it appears to be. If you are already familiar with running programs from the Windows command line then everything will seem really easy and obvious. If your computer experience is limited then you might need a little more guidance. Also there are differences between Windows 95, 98, NT, ME, 2000 and XP which can add to the confusion. You might think of this as "why I pay software support charges" if you have a helpful and friendly administrator to help you set things up without having to understand all this yourself. If so, then great! Show them this page and it should be a done deal.

Unless you use some sort of integrated development environment (such as PythonWin or IDLE, to name only two in a growing family) then you will end up typing Windows commands into what is variously referred to as a "DOS window" or "Command prompt window". Usually you can create such a window from your Start menu (under Windows 2000 I use "Start | Programs | Accessories | Command Prompt"). You should be able to recognize when you have started such a window because you will see a Windows "command prompt", which usually looks like this: 

    C:\>
The letter may be different, and there might be other things after it, so you might just as easily see something like: 

    D:\Steve\Projects\Python>
depending on how your computer has been set up and what else you have recently done with it. Once you have started such a window, you are well on the way to running Python programs.

You need to realize that your Python scripts have to be processed by another program, usually called the "Python interpreter". The interpreter reads your script, "compiles" it into "Python bytecodes" (which are instructions for an imaginary computer known as the "Python Virtual Machine") and then executes the bytecodes to run your program. So, how do you arrange for the interpreter to handle your Python?

First, you need to make sure that your command window recognises the word "python" as an instruction to start the interpreter. If you have opened a command window, you should try entering the command: 

    python
and hitting return. If you then see something like: 

    Python 2.2 (#28, Dec 21 2001, 12:21:22) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>>
then this part of the job has been correctly managed during Python's installation process, and you have started the interpreter in "interactive mode". That means you can enter Python statements or expressions interactively and have them executed or evaluated while you wait. This is one of Python's strongest features, but it takes a little getting used to. Check it by entering a few expressions of your choice and seeing the results... 

    >>> print "Hello"
    Hello
    >>> "Hello" * 3
    HelloHelloHello
When you want to end your interactive Python session, enter a terminator (hold the Ctrl key down while you enter a Z, then hit the "Enter" key) to get back to your Windows command prompt. You may also find that you have a Start-menu entry such as "Start | Programs | Python 2.2 | Python (command line)" that results in you seeing the ">>>" prompt in a new window. If so, the window will disappear after you enter the terminator -- Windows runs a single "python" command in the window, which terminates when you terminate the interpreter.

If the "python" command, instead of displaying the interpreter prompt ">>>", gives you a message like 

    'python' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
    operable program or batch file.
or 

    Bad command or filename
then you need to make sure that your computer knows where to find the Python interpreter. To do this you will have to modify a setting called the PATH, which is a just list of directories where Windows will look for programs. Rather than just enter the right command every time you create a command window, you should arrange for Python's installation directory to be added to the PATH of every command window as it starts. If you installed Python fairly recently then the command 

    dir C:\py*
will probably tell you where it is installed. Alternatively, perhaps you made a note. Otherwise you will be reduced to a search of your whole disk ... break out the Windows explorer and use "Tools | Find" or hit the "Search" button and look for "python.exe". Suppose you discover that Python is installed in the C:\Python22 directory (the default at the time of writing) then you should make sure that entering the command 

    c:\Python22\python
starts up the interpreter as above (and don't forget you'll need a "CTRL-Z" and an "Enter" to get out of it). Once you have verified the directory, you need to add it to the start-up routines your computer goes through. For older versions of Windows the easiest way to do this is to edit the C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT file. You would want to add a line like the following to AUTOEXEC.BAT: 

    PATH C:\Python22;%PATH%
For Windows NT, 2000 and (I assume) XP, you will need to add a string such as 

    ;C:\Python22
to the current setting for the PATH environment variable, which you will find in the properties window of "My Computer" under the "Advanced" tab. Note that if you have sufficient privilege you might get a choice of installing the settings either for the Current User or for System. The latter is preferred if you want everybody to be able to run Python on the machine.

If you aren't confident doing any of these manipulations yourself, ask for help! At this stage you may or may not want to reboot your system to make absolutely sure the new setting has "taken" (don't you love the way Windows gives you these freqeuent coffee breaks). You probably won't need to for Windows NT, XP or 2000. You can also avoid it in earlier versions by editing the file C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\CMDINIT.BAT instead of AUTOEXEC.BAT.

You should now be able to start a new command window, enter 

    python
at the "C:>" (or whatever) prompt, and see the ">>>" prompt that indicates the Python interpreter is reading interactive commands.

Let's suppose you have a program called "pytest.py" in directory "C:\Steve\Projects\Python". A session to run that program might look like this: 

    C:\> cd \Steve\Projects\Python
    C:\Steve\Projects\Python> python pytest.py
Because you added a file name to the command to start the interpreter, when it starts up it reads the Python script in the named file, compiles it, executes it, and terminates (so you see another "C:\>" prompt). You might also have entered 

    C:\> python \Steve\Projects\Python\pytest.py
if you hadn't wanted to change your current directory.

Under NT, 2000 and XP you may well find that the installation process has also arranged that the command 

    pytest.py
(or, if the file isn't in the current directory) 

    C:\Steve\Projects\Python\pytest.py
will automatically recognize the ".py" extension and run the Python interpreter on the named file. Using this feature is fine, but some versions of Windows have bugs which mean that this form isn't exactly equivalent to using the interpreter explicitly, so be careful. Easier to remember, for now, that 

    python C:\Steve\Projects\Python\pytest.py
works pretty close to the same, and redirection will work (more) reliably.

The important things to remember are:

1. Start Python from the Start Menu, or make sure the PATH is set correctly so Windows can find the Python interpreter. 

    python
should give you a '>>>" prompt from the Python interpreter. Don't forget the CTRL-Z and ENTER to terminate the interpreter (and, if you started the window from the Start Menu, make the window disappear).

2. Once this works, you run programs with commands: 

    python {program-file}
3. When you know the commands to use you can build Windows shortcuts to run the Python interpreter on any of your scripts, naming particular working directories, and adding them to your menus, but that's another lessFAQ. Take a look at 

    python --help
if your needs are complex.

4. Interactive mode (where you see the ">>>" prompt) is best used not for running programs, which are better executed as in steps 2 and 3, but for checking that individual statements and expressions do what you think they will, and for developing code by experiment.

Edit this entry / Log info / Last changed on Tue Aug 20 16:19:53 2002 by GvR

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debian/sitecustomize.py.in0000664000000000000000000000023312244115414013052 0ustar # install the apport exception handler if available try: import apport_python_hook except ImportError: pass else: apport_python_hook.install() debian/libPVER-minimal.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000032612244115414014407 0ustar # intentional lib@PVER@-minimal binary: python-script-but-no-python-dep # lintian omission, multiarch string is encoded in the filename lib@PVER@-minimal binary: arch-dependent-file-not-in-arch-specific-directory debian/source.lintian-overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000011712244115414014452 0ustar # generated during the build @PVER@ source: quilt-build-dep-but-no-series-file debian/libPVER-minimal.postrm.in0000664000000000000000000000070512430633317013736 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ "$1" = "purge" ]; then pc=$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Abbrev} ${binary:Package}\n' -W lib@PVER@-minimal \ | grep -v '^.n' | wc -l) if [ "$pc" -lt 1 ]; then find /usr/lib/@PVER@ -depth -type d -name __pycache__ \ | xargs -r rm -rf rm -f /etc/@PVER@/sitecustomize.py rm -rf /etc/@PVER@/__pycache__ if [ -d /etc/@PVER@ ]; then rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /etc/@PVER@ fi fi fi #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/PVER-dbg.README.Debian.in0000664000000000000000000000370512244115414013146 0ustar Contents of the @PVER@-dbg package ------------------------------------- For debugging python and extension modules, you may want to add the contents of /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/gdbinit (found in the @PVER@-dev package) to your ~/.gdbinit file. @PVER@-dbg contains two sets of packages: - debugging symbols for the standard @PVER@ build. When this package is installed, gdb will automatically load up the debugging symbols from it when debugging @PVER@ or one of the included extension modules. - a separate @PVER@-dbg binary, configured --with-pydebug, enabling the additional debugging code to help debug memory management problems. For the latter, all extension modules have to be recompiled to correctly load with an pydebug enabled build. Debian and Ubuntu specific changes to the debug interpreter ----------------------------------------------------------- The python2.4 and python2.5 packages in Ubuntu feisty are modified to first look for extension modules under a different name. normal build: foo.so debug build: foo_d.so foo.so This naming schema allows installation of the extension modules into the same path (The naming is directly taken from the Windows builds which already uses this naming scheme). See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PyDbgBuilds for more information. Using the python-dbg builds --------------------------- * Call the python-dbg or the pythonX.Y-dbg binaries instead of the python or pythonX.Y binaries. * Properties of the debug build are described in /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/SpecialBuilds.txt.gz. The debug interpreter is built with Py_DEBUG defined. * From SpecialBuilds.txt: This is what is generally meant by "a debug build" of Python. Py_DEBUG implies LLTRACE, Py_REF_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS, and PYMALLOC_DEBUG (if WITH_PYMALLOC is enabled). In addition, C assert()s are enabled (via the C way: by not defining NDEBUG), and some routines do additional sanity checks inside "#ifdef Py_DEBUG" blocks. debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-new.in0000664000000000000000000000047612244115414014062 0ustar Document: @PVER@-new Title: What's new in Python @VER@ Author: A.M. Kuchling Abstract: This documents lists new features and changes worth mentioning in Python @VER@. Section: Programming/Python Format: HTML Index: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/whatsnew/@VER@.html Files: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/whatsnew/@VER@.html debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-ref.in0000664000000000000000000000157612244115414014047 0ustar Document: @PVER@-ref Title: Python Reference Manual (v@VER@) Author: Guido van Rossum Abstract: This reference manual describes the syntax and "core semantics" of the language. It is terse, but attempts to be exact and complete. The semantics of non-essential built-in object types and of the built-in functions and modules are described in the *Python Library Reference*. For an informal introduction to the language, see the *Python Tutorial*. For C or C++ programmers, two additional manuals exist: *Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter* describes the high-level picture of how to write a Python extension module, and the *Python/C API Reference Manual* describes the interfaces available to C/C++ programmers in detail. Section: Programming/Python Format: HTML Index: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/reference/index.html Files: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/reference/*.html debian/libPVER-dbg.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000063012244115414013513 0ustar lib@PVER@-dbg binary: package-name-doesnt-match-sonames lib@PVER@-dbg binary: non-dev-pkg-with-shlib-symlink # no, it's not unusual lib@PVER@-dbg binary: unusual-interpreter # just the gdb debug file lib@PVER@-dbg binary: python-script-but-no-python-dep # pointless lintian ... lib@PVER@-dbg binary: hardening-no-fortify-functions lib@PVER@-dbg binary: arch-dependent-file-not-in-arch-specific-directory debian/idle-PVER.postrm.in0000664000000000000000000000014412244115414012527 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ "$1" = "purge" ]; then rm -rf /etc/idle-@PVER@ fi #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/mkbinfmt.py0000664000000000000000000000051312244115414011346 0ustar # mkbinfmt.py import imp, sys, os.path magic = "".join(["\\x%.2x" % c for c in imp.get_magic()]) name = sys.argv[1] binfmt = '''\ package %s interpreter /usr/bin/%s magic %s\ ''' % (name, name, magic) #filename = '/usr/share/binfmts/' + name #open(filename,'w+').write(binfmt) sys.stdout.write(binfmt) sys.stdout.write('\n') debian/control0000644000000000000000000002067513301261514010577 0ustar Source: python3.5 Section: python Priority: optional Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers XSBC-Original-Maintainer: Matthias Klose Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), quilt, autoconf, lsb-release, sharutils, libreadline-dev, libncursesw5-dev (>= 5.3), zlib1g-dev, libbz2-dev, liblzma-dev, libgdbm-dev, libdb-dev, tk-dev, blt-dev (>= 2.4z), libssl-dev, libexpat1-dev, libmpdec-dev (>= 2.4), libbluetooth-dev [!hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-i386 !kfreebsd-amd64], locales [!armel !avr32 !hppa !ia64 !mipsel], libsqlite3-dev, libffi-dev (>= 3.0.5) [!or1k !avr32], libgpm2 [!hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-i386 !kfreebsd-amd64], mime-support, netbase, bzip2, time, python3:any, net-tools, xvfb, xauth Build-Depends-Indep: python-sphinx Standards-Version: 3.9.8 Vcs-Browser: https://code.launchpad.net/~doko/python/pkg3.5-debian Vcs-Bzr: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~doko/python/pkg3.5-debian XS-Testsuite: autopkgtest Package: python3.5 Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: optional Depends: python3.5-minimal (= ${binary:Version}), libpython3.5-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), mime-support, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Suggests: python3.5-venv, python3.5-doc, binutils Description: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.5) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its 3.5 version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. Package: python3.5-venv Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: optional Depends: python3.5 (= ${binary:Version}), python-pip-whl (>= 8.1.0-2), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}, Breaks: python3-pip (<< 1.5.6-4) Description: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (pyvenv binary, version 3.5) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its 3.5 version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. . This package contains the pyvenv-3.5 binary. Package: libpython3.5-stdlib Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Priority: optional Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: libpython3.5-minimal (= ${binary:Version}), mime-support, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Description: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 3.5) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its 3.5 version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. . This package contains Python 3.5's standard library. It is normally not used on its own, but as a dependency of python3.5. Package: python3.5-minimal Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: optional Pre-Depends: ${shlibs:Pre-Depends} Depends: libpython3.5-minimal (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: python3.5 Suggests: binfmt-support Conflicts: binfmt-support (<< 1.1.2) Description: Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.5) This package contains the interpreter and some essential modules. It can be used in the boot process for some basic tasks. See /usr/share/doc/python3.5-minimal/README.Debian for a list of the modules contained in this package. Package: libpython3.5-minimal Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Priority: optional Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: libpython3.5-stdlib Conflicts: binfmt-support (<< 1.1.2) Description: Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.5) This package contains some essential modules. It is normally not used on it's own, but as a dependency of python3.5-minimal. Package: libpython3.5 Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Section: libs Priority: optional Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: libpython3.5-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Description: Shared Python runtime library (version 3.5) Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its 3.5 version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics. . This package contains the shared runtime library, normally not needed for programs using the statically linked interpreter. Package: python3.5-examples Architecture: all Depends: python3.5 (>= ${source:Version}), ${misc:Depends} Description: Examples for the Python language (v3.5) Examples, Demos and Tools for Python (v3.5). These are files included in the upstream Python distribution (v3.5). Package: python3.5-dev Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Depends: python3.5 (= ${binary:Version}), libpython3.5-dev (= ${binary:Version}), libpython3.5 (= ${binary:Version}), libexpat1-dev, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev Description: Header files and a static library for Python (v3.5) Header files, a static library and development tools for building Python (v3.5) modules, extending the Python interpreter or embedding Python (v3.5) in applications. . Maintainers of Python packages should read README.maintainers. Package: libpython3.5-dev Section: libdevel Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: libpython3.5-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), libpython3.5 (= ${binary:Version}), libexpat1-dev, ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev Description: Header files and a static library for Python (v3.5) Header files, a static library and development tools for building Python (v3.5) modules, extending the Python interpreter or embedding Python (v3.5) in applications. . Maintainers of Python packages should read README.maintainers. . This package contains development files. It is normally not used on it's own, but as a dependency of python3.5-dev. Package: libpython3.5-testsuite Section: libdevel Architecture: all Depends: python3.5 (>= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}, net-tools Suggests: python3-gdbm, python3-tk Description: Testsuite for the Python standard library (v3.5) The complete testsuite for the Python standard library. Note that a subset is found in the libpython3.5-stdlib package, which should be enough for other packages to use (please do not build-depend on this package, but file a bug report to include additional testsuite files in the libpython3.5-stdlib package). Package: idle-python3.5 Architecture: all Depends: python3.5, python3-tk, python3.5-tk, ${misc:Depends} Enhances: python3.5 Description: IDE for Python (v3.5) using Tkinter IDLE is an Integrated Development Environment for Python (v3.5). IDLE is written using Tkinter and therefore quite platform-independent. Package: python3.5-doc Section: doc Architecture: all Depends: libjs-jquery, libjs-underscore, ${misc:Depends} Suggests: python3.5 Description: Documentation for the high-level object-oriented language Python (v3.5) These is the official set of documentation for the interactive high-level object-oriented language Python (v3.5). All documents are provided in HTML format. The package consists of ten documents: . * What's New in Python3.5 * Tutorial * Python Library Reference * Macintosh Module Reference * Python Language Reference * Extending and Embedding Python * Python/C API Reference * Installing Python Modules * Documenting Python * Distributing Python Modules Package: python3.5-dbg Section: debug Architecture: any Multi-Arch: allowed Priority: extra Depends: python3.5 (= ${binary:Version}), libpython3.5-dbg (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Recommends: gdb Suggests: python3-gdbm-dbg, python3-tk-dbg Description: Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (version 3.5) The package holds two things: . - A Python interpreter configured with --pydebug. Dynamically loaded modules are searched as _d.so first. Third party extensions need a separate build to be used by this interpreter. - Debug information for standard python interpreter and extensions. . See the README.debug for more information. Package: libpython3.5-dbg Section: debug Architecture: any Multi-Arch: same Priority: extra Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends} Depends: libpython3.5-stdlib (= ${binary:Version}), ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends} Description: Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (version 3.5) The package holds two things: . - Extensions for a Python interpreter configured with --pydebug. - Debug information for standard python extensions. . See the README.debug for more information. debian/libPVER-dbg.symbols.in0000664000000000000000000000167612530731723013221 0ustar libpython@VER@dm.so.1.0 libpython@VER@-dbg #MINVER# #include "libpython.symbols" _PyDebug_PrintTotalRefs@Base @SVER@ _PyDict_Dummy@Base @SVER@ _PyObject_DebugMallocStats@Base @SVER@ _PySet_Dummy@Base @SVER@ _PyUnicode_CheckConsistency@Base @SVER@ _PyUnicode_Dump@Base @SVER@ _PyUnicode_compact_data@Base @SVER@ _PyUnicode_data@Base @SVER@ _PyUnicode_utf8@Base @SVER@ _Py_AddToAllObjects@Base @SVER@ _Py_Dealloc@Base @SVER@ _Py_ForgetReference@Base @SVER@ _Py_GetObjects@Base @SVER@ _Py_GetRefTotal@Base @SVER@ _Py_HashSecret_Initialized@Base @SVER@ _Py_NegativeRefcount@Base @SVER@ _Py_NewReference@Base @SVER@ _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses@Base @SVER@ _Py_PrintReferences@Base @SVER@ _Py_RefTotal@Base @SVER@ _Py_dumptree@Base @SVER@ _Py_hashtable_print_stats@Base @SVER@ _Py_printtree@Base @SVER@ _Py_showtree@Base @SVER@ _Py_tok_dump@Base @SVER@ PyModule_Create2TraceRefs@Base @SVER@ PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2TraceRefs@Base @SVER@ debian/libPVER.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000006412244115414012762 0ustar lib@PVER@ binary: package-name-doesnt-match-sonames debian/idle-PVER.postinst.in0000664000000000000000000000113113156603732013073 0ustar #! /bin/sh # # postinst script for the Debian idle-@PVER@ package. # Written 1998 by Gregor Hoffleit . # set -e DIRLIST="/usr/lib/python@VER@/idlelib" case "$1" in configure|abort-upgrade|abort-remove|abort-deconfigure) for i in $DIRLIST ; do /usr/bin/@PVER@ /usr/lib/@PVER@/compileall.py -q $i if grep -sq '^byte-compile[^#]*optimize' /etc/python/debian_config then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -O /usr/lib/@PVER@/compileall.py -q $i fi done ;; *) echo "postinst called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/PVER-minimal.postrm.in0000664000000000000000000000042612244115414013243 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ "$1" = "remove" ]; then if [ -f /var/lib/python/@PVER@_installed ]; then rm -f /var/lib/python/@PVER@_installed rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /var/lib/python 2>/dev/null fi rmdir --parents /usr/local/lib/@PVER@ 2>/dev/null || true fi debian/libPVER-dev.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000020012244115414013526 0ustar lib@PVER@-dev binary: python-script-but-no-python-dep lib@PVER@-dev binary: arch-dependent-file-not-in-arch-specific-directory debian/compat0000664000000000000000000000000212631267017010373 0ustar 9 debian/idle-PVER.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000010212244115414013177 0ustar # icon in dependent package idle-@PVER@ binary: menu-icon-missing debian/PVER-minimal.postinst.in0000664000000000000000000000460513156603732013615 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ ! -f /etc/@PVER@/sitecustomize.py ]; then cat <<-EOF # Empty sitecustomize.py to avoid a dangling symlink EOF fi case "$1" in configure) # Create empty directories in /usr/local if [ ! -e /usr/local/lib/@PVER@ ]; then mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/@PVER@ 2> /dev/null || true chmod 2775 /usr/local/lib/@PVER@ 2> /dev/null || true chown root:staff /usr/local/lib/@PVER@ 2> /dev/null || true fi localsite=/usr/local/lib/@PVER@/dist-packages if [ ! -e $localsite ]; then mkdir -p $localsite 2> /dev/null || true chmod 2775 $localsite 2> /dev/null || true chown root:staff $localsite 2> /dev/null || true fi if which update-binfmts >/dev/null; then update-binfmts --import @PVER@ fi ;; esac if [ "$1" = configure ]; then # only available before removal of the packaging package rm -f /etc/@PVER@/sysconfig.cfg if ls -L /usr/lib/@PVER@/sitecustomize.py >/dev/null 2>&1; then filt='cat' else filt='fgrep -v sitecustomize.py' fi files=$(dpkg -L lib@PVER@-minimal@HOST_QUAL@ \ | sed -n '/^\/usr\/lib\/@PVER@\/.*\.py$/p' | $filt) if [ -n "$files" ]; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files if grep -sq '^byte-compile[^#]*optimize' /etc/python/debian_config; then /usr/bin/@PVER@ -E -S -O /usr/lib/@PVER@/py_compile.py $files fi else echo >&2 "@PVER@-minimal: can't get files for byte-compilation" fi bc=no #if [ -z "$2" ] || dpkg --compare-versions "$2" lt 2.5-3 \ # || [ -f /var/lib/python/@PVER@_installed ]; then # bc=yes #fi if ! grep -sq '^supported-versions[^#]*@PVER@' /usr/share/python/debian_defaults then # FIXME: byte compile anyway? bc=no fi if [ "$bc" = yes ]; then # new installation or installation of first version with hook support if [ "$DEBIAN_FRONTEND" != noninteractive ]; then echo "Linking and byte-compiling packages for runtime @PVER@..." fi version=$(dpkg -s @PVER@-minimal | awk '/^Version:/ {print $2}') for hook in /usr/share/python3/runtime.d/*.rtinstall; do [ -x $hook ] || continue $hook rtinstall @PVER@ "$2" "$version" done if [ -f /var/lib/python/@PVER@_installed ]; then rm -f /var/lib/python/@PVER@_installed rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /var/lib/python 2>/dev/null fi fi fi #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/changelog.shared0000664000000000000000000000023712244115414012307 0ustar * Link the interpreter against the shared runtime library. With gcc-4.1 the difference in the pystones benchmark dropped from about 12% to about 5%. debian/pdb.1.in0000664000000000000000000000071012244115414010420 0ustar .TH PDB@VER@ 1 .SH NAME pdb@VER@ \- the Python debugger .SH SYNOPSIS .PP .B pdb@VER@ .I script [...] .SH DESCRIPTION .PP See /usr/lib/python@VER@/pdb.doc for more information on the use of pdb. When the debugger is started, help is available via the help command. .SH SEE ALSO python@VER@(1). Chapter 9 of the Python Library Reference (The Python Debugger). Available in the python@VER@-doc package at /usr/share/doc/python@VER@/html/lib/module-pdb.html. debian/README.idle-PVER.in0000664000000000000000000000057112244115414012144 0ustar The Python IDLE package for Debian ---------------------------------- This package contains Python @VER@'s Integrated DeveLopment Environment, IDLE. IDLE is included in the Python @VER@ upstream distribution (Tools/idle) and depends on Tkinter (available as @PVER@-tk package). I have written a simple man page. 06/16/1999 Gregor Hoffleit debian/PVER-dev.postinst.in0000664000000000000000000000126012244115414012727 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e if [ "$1" = configure ]; then if [ -d /usr/include/@PVER@ ] && [ ! -h /usr/include/@PVER@ ]; then if rmdir /usr/include/@PVER@ 2> /dev/null; then ln -sf @PVER@mu /usr/include/@PVER@ else echo >&2 "WARNING: non-empty directory on upgrade: /usr/include/@PVER@" ls -l /usr/include/@PVER@ fi fi if [ -d /usr/lib/@PVER@/config ] && [ ! -h /usr/lib/@PVER@/config ]; then if rmdir /usr/lib/@PVER@/config 2> /dev/null; then ln -sf config-@VER@mu /usr/lib/@PVER@/config else echo >&2 "WARNING: non-empty directory on upgrade: /usr/lib/@PVER@/config" ls -l /usr/lib/@PVER@/config fi fi fi #DEBHELPER# exit 0 debian/_sysconfigdata.py0000664000000000000000000000017612244115414012541 0ustar import sys if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'): from _sysconfigdata_dm import * else: from _sysconfigdata_m import * debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-inst.in0000664000000000000000000000075612244115414014247 0ustar Document: @PVER@-inst Title: Installing Python Modules (v@VER@) Author: Greg Ward Abstract: This document describes the Python Distribution Utilities (``Distutils'') from the end-user's point-of-view, describing how to extend the capabilities of a standard Python installation by building and installing third-party Python modules and extensions. Section: Programming/Python Format: HTML Index: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/install/index.html Files: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/install/*.html debian/README.venv0000664000000000000000000002577412337054063011047 0ustar ========================================= pyvenv support in Python 3.4 and beyond ========================================= In Python 3.3, built-in support for virtual environments (venvs) was added via the `pyvenv`_ command. For building venvs using Python 3, this is functionally equivalent to the standalone `virtualenv`_ tool, except that before Python 3.4, the pyvenv created venv didn't include pip and setuptools. In Python 3.4, this was made even more convenient by the `automatic inclusion`_ of the `pip`_ command into the venv so that third party libraries can be easily installed from the Python Package Index (PyPI_). The stdlib module `ensurepip`_ is run when the `pyvenv-3.4` command is run to create the venv. This poses a problem for Debian. ensurepip comes bundled with two third party libraries, setuptools and pip itself, as these are requirements for pip to function properly in the venv. These are bundled in the ensurepip module of the upstream Python 3.4 tarball as `universal wheels`_, essentially a zip of the source code and a new ``dist-info`` metadata directory. Upstream pip itself comes bundled with a half dozen or so of *its* dependencies, except that these are "vendorized", meaning their unpacked source code lives within the pip module, under a submodule from which pip imports them rather than the top-level package namespace. To make matters worse, one of pip's vendorized dependencies, the `requests`_ module, *also* vendorizes a bunch of its own dependencies. This stack of vendorized and bundled third party libraries fundamentally violates the DFSG and Debian policy against including code not built from source available within Debian, and for including embedded "convenience" copies of code in other packages. It's worth noting that the virtualenv package actually suffers from the same conflict, but its current solution in Debian is `incomplete`_. Solving the conflict ==================== This conflict between Debian policy and upstream Python convenience must be resolved, because pyvenv is the recommended way of creating venvs in Python 3, and because at some point, the standalone virtualenv tool will be rewritten as a thin layer above pyvenv. Obviously, we want to provide the best Python virtual environment experience to our developers, adherent to Debian policy. The approach we've taken is layered and nuanced, so I'll provide a significant amount of detail to explain both what we do and why. The first thing to notice is how upstream ensurepip works to have its pip and setuptools dependencies available, both at venv creation time and when ``/bin/pip`` is run. When pyvenv-3.4 runs, it ends up calling the following Python command:: /bin/python -Im ensurepip --upgrade This runs the ensurepip's ``__main__.py`` module using the venv's Python in isolation mode, with a switch to upgrade the setuptools and pip dependencies (if for example, they've been updated in a new micro version of Python). Internally, ensurepip bootstraps itself by byte-copying its embedded wheels into a temporary directory, putting those copied wheels on ``sys.path``, and then calling into pip as a library. Because wheels are just elaborate zips, Python can execute (pure-Python) code directly from them, if they are on ``sys.path`` of course. Once ensurepip has set up its execution environment, it calls into pip to install both pip and setuptools into the newly created venv. If you poke inside the venv after successful creation, you'll see unpacked pip and setuptools directories in the venv's ``site-packages` directory. The important thing to note here is that ensurepip is *already* able to import from and install wheels, and because wheels are self-contained single files (of zipped content), it makes manipulating them quite easy. In order to minimize the delta from upstream (and to eventually work with upstream to eliminate this delta), it seems optimal that Debian's solution should also be based on wheels, and re-use as much of the existing machinery as possible. The difference for Debian though is that we don't want to use the embedded pip and setuptools wheels from upstream Python's ensurepip; we want to use wheels created from the pip and setuptools *Debian* packages. This would solve the problem of distributing binary packages not built from source in Debian. Thus, we modify the python-pip and python-setuptools packages to include new binary packages ``python-pip-whl`` and ``python-setuptools-whl` which contain *only* the relevant universal wheels. Those packages ``debian/rules`` files gain an extra command:: python3 setup.py bdist_wheel --universal -d The ``bdist_wheel`` command is provided by the `wheel`_ package, which as of this writing is newly available in Jessie. Note that the name of the binary packages, and other details of when and how wheels may be used in Debian, is described in `Debian Python Policy`_ 0.9.6 or newer. The universal wheels (i.e. pure-Python code compatible with both Python 2 and Python 3) are built for pip and setuptools and installed into ``/usr/share/python-wheels`` when the python-{pip,setuptols}-whl packages are installed. These are not needed for normal, usual, and typical operation of Python, so none of these are installed by default. However, this isn't enough, because since the pip and setuptools wheels are built from the *patched* and de-vendorized versions of the code in Debian, the wheels will not contain their own recursive dependencies. That's a good thing for Debian policy compliance, but does add complications to the stack of hack. Using the same approach as for pip and setuptools, we *also* wheelify their dependencies, recursively. As of this writing, the list of packages needing to be wheelified are (by Debian source package name): * chardet * distlib * html5lib * python-colorama * python-pip * python-setuptools * python-urllib3 * requests * six Most of these are DPMT maintained. six, distlib, and colorama are not team maintained, so coordination with those maintainers is required. Also note that the `bdist_wheel` command is a setuptools extension, so since some of those projects use ``distutils.core.setup()`` by default, they must be patched to use ``setuptools.setup()`` instead. This isn't a problem because there's no functional difference relevant to those packages; they likely use distutils.core to avoid a third party dependency on setuptools. Each of these Debian source packages grow an additional binary package, just like pip and setuptools, e.g. python-chardet-whl which contains the universal wheel for that package built from patched Debian source. As above, when installed, these binary packages drop their .whl files into the ``/usr/share/python-wheels`` directory. Now comes the fun part. In the python3.4 source package, we add a new binary package called python3.4-venv. This will only contain the ``/usr/bin/pyvenv-3.4`` executable, and its associated manpage. It also includes all the run-time dependencies to make pyvenv work *including the wheel packages described above*. (Technically speaking, you should substitute "Python 3.4 or later" for all these discussions, and e.g. pyvenv-3.x for all versions subsequent to 3.4.) Python's ensurepip module has been modified in the following ways (see ``debian/patches/ensurepip.diff``): * When ensurepip is run outside of a venv as root, it raises an exception. This use case is only to be supported by the separate python{,3}-pip packages. * When ensurepip is run inside of a venv, it copies all dependent wheels from ``/usr/share/python-wheels``. This includes the direct dependencies pip and setuptools, as well as the recursive dependencies listed above. The rest of the ensurepip machinery is unchanged: the wheels are still copied into a temporary directory and placed on ``sys.path``, however only the direct dependencies (i.e. pip and setuptools) are *installed* into the venv's ``site-packages`` directory. The indirect dependencies are copied to ``/lib/python-wheels`` since they'll be needed by the venv's pip executable. Why do we do this latter rather than also installing the recursive dependencies into the venv's ``site-packages``? It's because pip requires a very specific set of dependencies and we don't want pip to break when the user upgrades or downgrades one of those packages, which is perfectly valid in a venv. It's exactly the same reason why pip vendorizes those libraries in the first place; it's just that we're doing it in a more principled way (from the point of view of the Debian distribution). The final piece of the puzzle is that Debian's pip will, when run inside of a venv, introspect ``/lib/python-wheels`` and put every .whl file it sees there *at the front of its sys.path*. Again, this is so that when pip runs, it will find the versions of packages known to be good first, rather than any other versions in the venv's ``site-packages``. As an example of the bad things that can happen if you don't do this, try installing nose2_ into the venv, followed by genshi_. nose2 has a hard requirement on a version of six that is older than the one used by pip (indirectly). This older version of six is compatible with genshi, but *not* with pip, so once nose2 is installed, if pip didn't load its version of six from the private wheel, the installation attempt of genshi would traceback. As it is, with the wheels early enough on ``sys.path``, pip itself works just fine so that both nose2 and genshi can live together in the venv. Updating packages ================= Inevitably, new versions of Python or the pyvenv dependent packages will appear. Unfortunately, as currently implemented (by both upstream ensurepip and in our ensurepip patch), the versions of both the direct and indirect dependencies are hardcoded in ``Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py``. When a Debian developer updates any of the dependent packages, you will need to: * *Test that the new version is compatible with ensurepip*. * Update the version numbers in the ``debian/control`` file, for the python3.x-venv binary package. * ``quilt push`` to the ensurepip patch, and update the version number in ``Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py`` Then rebuild and upload python3.4. Yes, this isn't ideal, and I am working with upstream to find a good solution that we can share. Author ====== Barry A. Warsaw 2014-05-15 .. _pyvenv: http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0405/ .. _virtualenv: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv .. _`automatic inclusion`: http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0453/ .. _pip: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip .. _PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi .. _ensurepip: https://docs.python.org/3/library/ensurepip.html .. _`universal wheels`: http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0427/ .. _requests: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests .. _incomplete: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=719767 .. _wheel: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/wheel .. _nose2: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/nose2 .. _genshi: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Genshi .. _`Debian Python Policy`: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/python-policy/ debian/pysetup3.10000664000000000000000000000202612244115414011044 0ustar .\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.40.4. .TH PYSETUP3.3 "1" "January 2012" "pysetup3.3 3.3" "User Commands" .SH NAME pysetup3.3 \- pysetup tool .SH SYNOPSIS .B pysetup [\fIoptions\fR] \fIaction \fR[\fIaction_options\fR] .SH DESCRIPTION .SS "Actions:" .IP run: Run one or several commands metadata: Display the metadata of a project install: Install a project remove: Remove a project search: Search for a project in the indexes list: List installed projects graph: Display a graph create: Create a project generate\-setup: Generate a backward\-compatible setup.py .PP To get more help on an action, use: .IP pysetup action \fB\-\-help\fR .SS "Global options:" .TP \fB\-\-verbose\fR (\fB\-v\fR) run verbosely (default) .TP \fB\-\-quiet\fR (\fB\-q\fR) run quietly (turns verbosity off) .TP \fB\-\-dry\-run\fR (\fB\-n\fR) don't actually do anything .TP \fB\-\-help\fR (\fB\-h\fR) show detailed help message .TP \fB\-\-no\-user\-cfg\fR ignore pydistutils.cfg in your home directory .TP \fB\-\-version\fR Display the version debian/PVER-doc.doc-base.PVER-lib.in0000664000000000000000000000124512244115414014032 0ustar Document: @PVER@-lib Title: Python Library Reference (v@VER@) Author: Guido van Rossum Abstract: This library reference manual documents Python's standard library, as well as many optional library modules (which may or may not be available, depending on whether the underlying platform supports them and on the configuration choices made at compile time). It also documents the standard types of the language and its built-in functions and exceptions, many of which are not or incompletely documented in the Reference Manual. Section: Programming/Python Format: HTML Index: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/library/index.html Files: /usr/share/doc/@PVER@/html/library/*.html debian/README.python0000664000000000000000000001203112244115414011363 0ustar Python 2.x for Debian --------------------- This is Python 2.x packaged for Debian. This document contains information specific to the Debian packages of Python 2.x. [TODO: This document is not yet up-to-date with the packages.] Currently, it features those two main topics: 1. Release notes for the Debian packages: 2. Notes for developers using the Debian Python packages: Release notes and documentation from the upstream package are installed in /usr/share/doc/python/. Up-to-date information regarding Python on Debian systems is also available as http://www.debian.org/~flight/python/. There's a mailing list for discussion of issues related to Python on Debian systems: debian-python@lists.debian.org. The list is not intended for general Python problems, but as a forum for maintainers of Python-related packages and interested third parties. 1. Release notes for the Debian packages: Results of the regression test: ------------------------------ The package does successfully run the regression tests for all included modules. Seven packages are skipped since they are platform-dependent and can't be used with Linux. Noteworthy changes since the 1.4 packages: ----------------------------------------- - Threading support enabled. - Tkinter for Tcl/Tk 8.x. - New package python-zlib. - The dbmmodule was dropped. Use bsddb instead. gdbmmodule is provided for compatibility's sake. - python-elisp adheres to the new emacs add-on policy; it now depends on emacsen. python-elisp probably won't work correctly with emacs19. Refer to /usr/doc/python-elisp/ for more information. - Remember that 1.5 has dropped the `ni' interface in favor of a generic `packages' concept. - Python 1.5 regression test as additional package python-regrtest. You don't need to install this package unless you don't trust the maintainer ;-). - once again, modified upstream's compileall.py and py_compile.py. Now they support compilation of optimized byte-code (.pyo) for use with "python -O", removal of .pyc and .pyo files where the .py source files are missing (-d) and finally the fake of a installation directory when .py files have to be compiled out of place for later installation in a different directory (-i destdir, used in ./debian/rules). - The Debian packages for python 1.4 do call /usr/lib/python1.4/compileall.py in their postrm script. Therefore I had to provide a link from /usr/lib/python1.5/compileall.py, otherwise the old packages won't be removed completely. THIS IS A SILLY HACK! 2. Notes for developers using the Debian python packages: Embedding python: ---------------- The files for embedding python resp. extending the python interpreter are included in the python-dev package. With the configuration in the Debian GNU/Linux packages of python 1.5, you will want to use something like -I/usr/include/python1.5 (e.g. for config.h) -L/usr/lib/python1.5/config -lpython1.5 (... -lpthread) (also for Makefile.pre.in, Setup etc.) Makefile.pre.in automatically gets that right. Note that unlike 1.4, python 1.5 has only one library, libpython1.5.a. Currently, there's no shared version of libpython. Future version of the Debian python packages will support this. Python extension packages: ------------------------- According to www.python.org/doc/essays/packages.html, extension packages should only install into /usr/lib/python1.5/site-packages/ (resp. /usr/lib/site-python/ for packages that are definitely version independent). No extension package should install files directly into /usr/lib/python1.5/. But according to the FSSTND, only Debian packages are allowed to use /usr/lib/python1.5/. Therefore Debian Python additionally by default searches a second hierarchy in /usr/local/lib/. These directories take precedence over their equivalents in /usr/lib/. a) Locally installed Python add-ons /usr/local/lib/python1.5/site-packages/ /usr/local/lib/site-python/ (version-independent modules) b) Python add-ons packaged for Debian /usr/lib/python1.5/site-packages/ /usr/lib/site-python/ (version-independent modules) Note that no package must install files directly into /usr/lib/python1.5/ or /usr/local/lib/python1.5/. Only the site-packages directory is allowed for third-party extensions. Use of the new `package' scheme is strongly encouraged. The `ni' interface is obsolete in python 1.5. Header files for extensions go into /usr/include/python1.5/. Installing extensions for local use only: ---------------------------------------- Most extensions use Python's Makefile.pre.in. Note that Makefile.pre.in by default will install files into /usr/lib/, not into /usr/local/lib/, which is not allowed for local extensions. You'll have to change the Makefile accordingly. Most times, "make prefix=/usr/local install" will work. Packaging python extensions for Debian: -------------------------------------- Maintainers of Python extension packages should read README.maintainers. 03/09/98 Gregor Hoffleit Last change: 07/16/1999 debian/pygettext.10000664000000000000000000000727412244115414011317 0ustar .TH PYGETTEXT 1 "" "pygettext 1.4" .SH NAME pygettext \- Python equivalent of xgettext(1) .SH SYNOPSIS .B pygettext [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fIINPUTFILE \fR... .SH DESCRIPTION pygettext is deprecated. The current version of xgettext supports many languages, including Python. pygettext uses Python's standard tokenize module to scan Python source code, generating .pot files identical to what GNU xgettext generates for C and C++ code. From there, the standard GNU tools can be used. .PP pygettext searches only for _() by default, even though GNU xgettext recognizes the following keywords: gettext, dgettext, dcgettext, and gettext_noop. See the \fB\-k\fR/\fB\--keyword\fR flag below for how to augment this. .PP .SH OPTIONS .TP \fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-extract\-all\fR Extract all strings. .TP \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-default\-domain\fR=\fINAME\fR Rename the default output file from messages.pot to name.pot. .TP \fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-escape\fR Replace non-ASCII characters with octal escape sequences. .TP \fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-docstrings\fR Extract module, class, method, and function docstrings. These do not need to be wrapped in _() markers, and in fact cannot be for Python to consider them docstrings. (See also the \fB\-X\fR option). .TP \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR Print this help message and exit. .TP \fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keyword\fR=\fIWORD\fR Keywords to look for in addition to the default set, which are: _ .IP You can have multiple \fB\-k\fR flags on the command line. .TP \fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-no\-default\-keywords\fR Disable the default set of keywords (see above). Any keywords explicitly added with the \fB\-k\fR/\fB\--keyword\fR option are still recognized. .TP \fB\-\-no\-location\fR Do not write filename/lineno location comments. .TP \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-add\-location\fR Write filename/lineno location comments indicating where each extracted string is found in the source. These lines appear before each msgid. The style of comments is controlled by the \fB\-S\fR/\fB\--style\fR option. This is the default. .TP \fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-output\fR=\fIFILENAME\fR Rename the default output file from messages.pot to FILENAME. If FILENAME is `-' then the output is sent to standard out. .TP \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-output\-dir\fR=\fIDIR\fR Output files will be placed in directory DIR. .TP \fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-style\fR=\fISTYLENAME\fR Specify which style to use for location comments. Two styles are supported: .RS .IP \(bu 4 Solaris # File: filename, line: line-number .IP \(bu 4 GNU #: filename:line .RE .IP The style name is case insensitive. GNU style is the default. .TP \fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR Print the names of the files being processed. .TP \fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR Print the version of pygettext and exit. .TP \fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-width\fR=\fICOLUMNS\fR Set width of output to columns. .TP \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-exclude\-file\fR=\fIFILENAME\fR Specify a file that contains a list of strings that are not be extracted from the input files. Each string to be excluded must appear on a line by itself in the file. .TP \fB\-X\fR, \fB\-\-no\-docstrings\fR=\fIFILENAME\fR Specify a file that contains a list of files (one per line) that should not have their docstrings extracted. This is only useful in conjunction with the \fB\-D\fR option above. .PP If `INPUTFILE' is -, standard input is read. .SH BUGS pygettext attempts to be option and feature compatible with GNU xgettext where ever possible. However some options are still missing or are not fully implemented. Also, xgettext's use of command line switches with option arguments is broken, and in these cases, pygettext just defines additional switches. .SH AUTHOR pygettext is written by Barry Warsaw . .PP Joonas Paalasmaa put this manual page together based on "pygettext --help". debian/PVER-examples.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000015112244115414014104 0ustar # don't care about permissions of the example files @PVER@-examples binary: executable-not-elf-or-script debian/script.py0000664000000000000000000000400012244115414011036 0ustar #! /usr/bin/python3 # Copyright (C) 2012 Colin Watson . # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining # a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the # "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including # without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, # distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to # permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject # to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included # in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, # EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. # IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY # CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, # TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE # SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. """Trivial script(1) workalike, but without reading from standard input.""" import os import pty import select import sys filename = sys.argv[1] command = sys.argv[2] pid, master = pty.fork() if pid == 0: # child os.execlp("sh", "sh", "-c", command) # parent with open(filename, "wb") as logfile: try: while True: rfds, _, _ = select.select([master], [], []) if master in rfds: data = os.read(master, 65536) os.write(1, data) logfile.write(data) logfile.flush() except (IOError, OSError): pass pid, status = os.wait() returncode = 0 if os.WIFSIGNALED(status): returncode = -os.WTERMSIG(status) elif os.WIFEXITED(status): returncode = os.WEXITSTATUS(status) else: # Should never happen raise RuntimeError("Unknown child exit status!") os.close(master) sys.exit(returncode) debian/idle-PVER.1.in0000664000000000000000000000472012244115414011347 0ustar .TH IDLE 1 "21 September 2004" .SH NAME \fBIDLE\fP \- An Integrated DeveLopment Environment for Python .SH SYNTAX .B idle [ \fI-dins\fP ] [ \fI-t title\fP ] [ \fIfile\fP ...] .PP .B idle [ \fI-dins\fP ] [ \fI-t title\fP ] ( \fI-c cmd\fP | \fI-r file\fP ) [ \fIarg\fP ...] .PP .B idle [ \fI-dins\fP ] [ \fI-t title\fP ] - [ \fIarg\fP ...] .SH DESCRIPTION This manual page documents briefly the .BR idle command. This manual page was written for Debian because the original program does not have a manual page. For more information, refer to IDLE's help menu. .PP .B IDLE is an Integrated DeveLopment Environment for Python. IDLE is based on Tkinter, Python's bindings to the Tk widget set. Features are 100% pure Python, multi-windows with multiple undo and Python colorizing, a Python shell window subclass, a debugger. IDLE is cross-platform, i.e. it works on all platforms where Tk is installed. .LP .SH OPTIONS .TP .B \-h .PD Print this help message and exit. .TP .B \-n .PD Run IDLE without a subprocess (see Help/IDLE Help for details). .PP The following options will override the IDLE 'settings' configuration: .TP .B \-e .PD Open an edit window. .TP .B \-i .PD Open a shell window. .PP The following options imply -i and will open a shell: .TP .B \-c cmd .PD Run the command in a shell, or .TP .B \-r file .PD Run script from file. .PP .TP .B \-d .PD Enable the debugger. .TP .B \-s .PD Run $IDLESTARTUP or $PYTHONSTARTUP before anything else. .TP .B \-t title .PD Set title of shell window. .PP A default edit window will be bypassed when -c, -r, or - are used. .PP [arg]* and [file]* are passed to the command (-c) or script (-r) in sys.argv[1:]. .SH EXAMPLES .TP idle .PD Open an edit window or shell depending on IDLE's configuration. .TP idle foo.py foobar.py .PD Edit the files, also open a shell if configured to start with shell. .TP idle -est "Baz" foo.py .PD Run $IDLESTARTUP or $PYTHONSTARTUP, edit foo.py, and open a shell window with the title "Baz". .TP idle -c "import sys; print sys.argv" "foo" .PD Open a shell window and run the command, passing "-c" in sys.argv[0] and "foo" in sys.argv[1]. .TP idle -d -s -r foo.py "Hello World" .PD Open a shell window, run a startup script, enable the debugger, and run foo.py, passing "foo.py" in sys.argv[0] and "Hello World" in sys.argv[1]. .TP echo "import sys; print sys.argv" | idle - "foobar" .PD Open a shell window, run the script piped in, passing '' in sys.argv[0] and "foobar" in sys.argv[1]. .SH SEE ALSO python(1). .SH AUTHORS Various. debian/source/0000775000000000000000000000000012431015524010465 5ustar debian/source/format0000664000000000000000000000001412431015524011673 0ustar 3.0 (quilt) debian/libPVER-dbg.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000054112364722645012654 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e case "$1" in remove) dpkg -L lib@PVER@-dbg@HOST_QUAL@ \ | awk '/\.py$/ {print $0"c\n" $0"o"}' \ | xargs -r rm -f >&2 ;; upgrade) ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/PVER-dbg.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000142412642757404012166 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e remove_bytecode() { pkg=$1 max=$(LANG=C LC_ALL=C xargs --show-limits < /dev/null 2>&1 | awk '/Maximum length/ {print int($NF / 4)}') dpkg -L $pkg \ | awk -F/ 'BEGIN {OFS="/"} /\.py$/ {$NF=sprintf("__pycache__/%s.*.py[co]", substr($NF,1,length($NF)-3)); print}' \ | xargs --max-chars=$max echo \ | while read files; do rm -f $files; done if [ -d /usr/bin/__pycache__ ]; then rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /usr/bin/__pycache__ fi } case "$1" in remove) remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-dbg@HOST_QUAL@ ;; upgrade) remove_bytecode lib@PVER@-dbg@HOST_QUAL@ ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/libPVER.symbols.i386.in0000664000000000000000000000043312631261610013140 0ustar libpython@VER@m.so.1.0 libpython@VER@ #MINVER# #include "libpython.symbols" PyModule_Create2@Base @SVER@ PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2@Base @SVER@ _Py_force_double@Base @SVER@ _Py_get_387controlword@Base @SVER@ _Py_set_387controlword@Base @SVER@ (optional)__gnu_lto_v1@Base @SVER@ debian/PVER-doc.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000011412244115414013032 0ustar # this is referenced by the html docs @PVER@-doc binary: extra-license-file debian/libPVER-stdlib.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000115412244122437014245 0ustar # idlelib images lib@PVER@-stdlib binary: image-file-in-usr-lib # license file referred by the standard library lib@PVER@-stdlib binary: extra-license-file # template files lib@PVER@-stdlib binary: interpreter-not-absolute usr/lib/@PVER@/venv/scripts/posix/pydoc #!__VENV_PYTHON__ lib@PVER@-stdlib binary: unusual-interpreter usr/lib/@PVER@/venv/scripts/posix/pydoc #!__VENV_PYTHON__ # the split is the reason for that lib@PVER@-stdlib binary: python-script-but-no-python-dep # lintian omission, multiarch string is encoded in the filename lib@PVER@-stdlib binary: arch-dependent-file-not-in-arch-specific-directory debian/patches/0000775000000000000000000000000013205574442010625 5ustar debian/patches/sysconfigdata.diff0000664000000000000000000000624512244115414014314 0ustar # DP: Issue #15298: Generate _sysconfigdata.py in the build dir, not the source dir. diff -r 2ecdda96f970 Lib/sysconfig.py --- a/Lib/sysconfig.py Tue Jul 10 18:27:54 2012 +0200 +++ b/Lib/sysconfig.py Tue Jul 10 22:06:43 2012 +0200 @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ if _PYTHON_BUILD: vars['LDSHARED'] = vars['BLDSHARED'] - destfile = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '_sysconfigdata.py') + destfile = '_sysconfigdata.py' with open(destfile, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f: f.write('# system configuration generated and used by' ' the sysconfig module\n') diff -r 2ecdda96f970 Makefile.pre.in --- a/Makefile.pre.in Tue Jul 10 18:27:54 2012 +0200 +++ b/Makefile.pre.in Tue Jul 10 22:06:43 2012 +0200 @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ Objects/unicodectype.o \ Objects/weakrefobject.o -SYSCONFIGDATA=$(srcdir)/Lib/_sysconfigdata.py +SYSCONFIGDATA=_sysconfigdata.py ########################################################################## # objects that get linked into the Python library @@ -472,6 +472,9 @@ # Generate the sysconfig build-time data $(SYSCONFIGDATA): $(BUILDPYTHON) $(RUNSHARED) $(PYTHON_FOR_BUILD) -S -m sysconfig --generate-posix-vars + $(RUNSHARED) $(PYTHON_FOR_BUILD) -S -c 'import os,sys ; from distutils.util import get_platform ; d=os.path.join("build", "lib."+get_platform()+"-"+sys.version[0:3]+("-pydebug" if hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount") else "")); print(d, end="")' > pybuilddir.txt + mkdir -p `cat pybuilddir.txt` + cp $(SYSCONFIGDATA) `cat pybuilddir.txt`/. # Build the shared modules sharedmods: $(BUILDPYTHON) $(SYSCONFIGDATA) @@ -1036,7 +1039,7 @@ else true; \ fi; \ done - @for i in $(srcdir)/Lib/*.py ; \ + @for i in $(srcdir)/Lib/*.py $(SYSCONFIGDATA); \ do \ if test -x $$i; then \ $(INSTALL_SCRIPT) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDEST); \ diff -r 2ecdda96f970 setup.py --- a/setup.py Tue Jul 10 18:27:54 2012 +0200 +++ b/setup.py Tue Jul 10 22:06:43 2012 +0200 @@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ # This global variable is used to hold the list of modules to be disabled. disabled_module_list = [] -# File which contains the directory for shared mods (for sys.path fixup -# when running from the build dir, see Modules/getpath.c) -_BUILDDIR_COOKIE = "pybuilddir.txt" - def add_dir_to_list(dirlist, dir): """Add the directory 'dir' to the list 'dirlist' (after any relative directories) if: @@ -250,12 +246,9 @@ args['compiler_so'] = compiler + ' ' + ccshared + ' ' + cflags self.compiler.set_executables(**args) - # Not only do we write the builddir cookie, but we manually install - # the shared modules directory if it isn't already in sys.path. - # Otherwise trying to import the extensions after building them - # will fail. - with open(_BUILDDIR_COOKIE, "wb") as f: - f.write(self.build_lib.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')) + # We manually install the shared modules directory if it isn't + # already in sys.path. Otherwise trying to import the + # extensions after building them will fail. abs_build_lib = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), self.build_lib) if abs_build_lib not in sys.path: sys.path.append(abs_build_lib) debian/patches/deb-locations.diff0000664000000000000000000000210412530717526014201 0ustar # DP: adjust locations of directories to debian policy Index: b/Lib/pydoc.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/pydoc.py +++ b/Lib/pydoc.py @@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ to a file named ".html". Module docs for core modules are assumed to be in + /usr/share/doc/pythonX.Y/html/library + +if the pythonX.Y-doc package is installed or in + http://docs.python.org/X.Y/library/ This can be overridden by setting the PYTHONDOCS environment variable Index: b/Misc/python.man =================================================================== --- a/Misc/python.man +++ b/Misc/python.man @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ exception). Error messages are written These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions; ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix} are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they may be the same. -The default for both is \fI/usr/local\fP. +On Debian GNU/{Hurd,Linux} the default for both is \fI/usr\fP. .IP \fI${exec_prefix}/bin/python\fP Recommended location of the interpreter. .PP debian/patches/distutils-init.diff0000664000000000000000000000322512726462414014450 0ustar # DP: Use _sysconfigdata.py in distutils to initialize distutils Index: b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py @@ -438,38 +438,11 @@ _config_vars = None def _init_posix(): """Initialize the module as appropriate for POSIX systems.""" - g = {} - # load the installed Makefile: - try: - filename = get_makefile_filename() - parse_makefile(filename, g) - except OSError as msg: - my_msg = "invalid Python installation: unable to open %s" % filename - if hasattr(msg, "strerror"): - my_msg = my_msg + " (%s)" % msg.strerror - - raise DistutilsPlatformError(my_msg) - - # load the installed pyconfig.h: - try: - filename = get_config_h_filename() - with open(filename) as file: - parse_config_h(file, g) - except OSError as msg: - my_msg = "invalid Python installation: unable to open %s" % filename - if hasattr(msg, "strerror"): - my_msg = my_msg + " (%s)" % msg.strerror - - raise DistutilsPlatformError(my_msg) - - # On AIX, there are wrong paths to the linker scripts in the Makefile - # -- these paths are relative to the Python source, but when installed - # the scripts are in another directory. - if python_build: - g['LDSHARED'] = g['BLDSHARED'] - + # _sysconfigdata is generated at build time, see the sysconfig module + from _sysconfigdata import build_time_vars global _config_vars - _config_vars = g + _config_vars = {} + _config_vars.update(build_time_vars) def _init_nt(): debian/patches/series0000664000000000000000000000172513205574442012047 0ustar # hg-updates.diff deb-setup.diff deb-locations.diff distutils-install-layout.diff locale-module.diff distutils-link.diff distutils-sysconfig.diff tkinter-import.diff gdbm-import.diff link-opt.diff setup-modules.diff platform-lsbrelease.diff bdist-wininst-notfound.diff profiled-build.diff makesetup-bashism.diff hurd-disable-nonworking-constants.diff enable-fpectl.diff langpack-gettext.diff no-large-file-support.diff disable-sem-check.diff lib-argparse.diff ctypes-arm.diff # link-timemodule.diff lto-link-flags.diff multiarch.diff lib2to3-no-pickled-grammar.diff ext-no-libpython-link.diff test-no-random-order.diff multiarch-extname.diff distutils-init.diff tempfile-minimal.diff disable-some-tests.diff # issue21264.diff ensurepip-wheels.diff ensurepip-disabled.diff mpdecimal-version.diff mangle-fstack-protector.diff reproducible-buildinfo.diff pydoc-use-pager.diff asyncio366.diff asyncio-import.diff pyhash.diff CVE-2016-1000110.diff bpo-27945.diff CVE-2017-1000158.patch debian/patches/distutils-install-layout.diff0000664000000000000000000003064412726367715016503 0ustar # DP: distutils: Add an option --install-layout=deb, which # DP: - installs into $prefix/dist-packages instead of $prefix/site-packages. # DP: - doesn't encode the python version into the egg name. Index: b/Lib/distutils/command/install_egg_info.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/command/install_egg_info.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/command/install_egg_info.py @@ -14,18 +14,38 @@ class install_egg_info(Command): description = "Install package's PKG-INFO metadata as an .egg-info file" user_options = [ ('install-dir=', 'd', "directory to install to"), + ('install-layout', None, "custom installation layout"), ] def initialize_options(self): self.install_dir = None + self.install_layout = None + self.prefix_option = None def finalize_options(self): self.set_undefined_options('install_lib',('install_dir','install_dir')) - basename = "%s-%s-py%s.egg-info" % ( - to_filename(safe_name(self.distribution.get_name())), - to_filename(safe_version(self.distribution.get_version())), - sys.version[:3] - ) + self.set_undefined_options('install',('install_layout','install_layout')) + self.set_undefined_options('install',('prefix_option','prefix_option')) + if self.install_layout: + if not self.install_layout.lower() in ['deb', 'unix']: + raise DistutilsOptionError( + "unknown value for --install-layout") + no_pyver = (self.install_layout.lower() == 'deb') + elif self.prefix_option: + no_pyver = False + else: + no_pyver = True + if no_pyver: + basename = "%s-%s.egg-info" % ( + to_filename(safe_name(self.distribution.get_name())), + to_filename(safe_version(self.distribution.get_version())) + ) + else: + basename = "%s-%s-py%s.egg-info" % ( + to_filename(safe_name(self.distribution.get_name())), + to_filename(safe_version(self.distribution.get_version())), + sys.version[:3] + ) self.target = os.path.join(self.install_dir, basename) self.outputs = [self.target] Index: b/Lib/distutils/command/install.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/command/install.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/command/install.py @@ -35,6 +35,20 @@ INSTALL_SCHEMES = { 'scripts': '$base/bin', 'data' : '$base', }, + 'unix_local': { + 'purelib': '$base/local/lib/python$py_version_short/dist-packages', + 'platlib': '$platbase/local/lib/python$py_version_short/dist-packages', + 'headers': '$base/local/include/python$py_version_short/$dist_name', + 'scripts': '$base/local/bin', + 'data' : '$base/local', + }, + 'deb_system': { + 'purelib': '$base/lib/python3/dist-packages', + 'platlib': '$platbase/lib/python3/dist-packages', + 'headers': '$base/include/python$py_version_short/$dist_name', + 'scripts': '$base/bin', + 'data' : '$base', + }, 'unix_home': { 'purelib': '$base/lib/python', 'platlib': '$base/lib/python', @@ -131,6 +145,9 @@ class install(Command): ('record=', None, "filename in which to record list of installed files"), + + ('install-layout=', None, + "installation layout to choose (known values: deb, unix)"), ] boolean_options = ['compile', 'force', 'skip-build'] @@ -151,6 +168,7 @@ class install(Command): self.exec_prefix = None self.home = None self.user = 0 + self.prefix_option = None # These select only the installation base; it's up to the user to # specify the installation scheme (currently, that means supplying @@ -172,6 +190,9 @@ class install(Command): self.install_userbase = USER_BASE self.install_usersite = USER_SITE + # enable custom installation, known values: deb + self.install_layout = None + self.compile = None self.optimize = None @@ -411,6 +432,7 @@ class install(Command): self.install_base = self.install_platbase = self.home self.select_scheme("unix_home") else: + self.prefix_option = self.prefix if self.prefix is None: if self.exec_prefix is not None: raise DistutilsOptionError( @@ -425,7 +447,26 @@ class install(Command): self.install_base = self.prefix self.install_platbase = self.exec_prefix - self.select_scheme("unix_prefix") + if self.install_layout: + if self.install_layout.lower() in ['deb']: + self.select_scheme("deb_system") + elif self.install_layout.lower() in ['unix']: + self.select_scheme("unix_prefix") + else: + raise DistutilsOptionError( + "unknown value for --install-layout") + elif ((self.prefix_option and + os.path.normpath(self.prefix) != '/usr/local') + or sys.base_prefix != sys.prefix + or 'PYTHONUSERBASE' in os.environ + or 'VIRTUAL_ENV' in os.environ + or 'real_prefix' in sys.__dict__): + self.select_scheme("unix_prefix") + else: + if os.path.normpath(self.prefix) == '/usr/local': + self.prefix = self.exec_prefix = '/usr' + self.install_base = self.install_platbase = '/usr' + self.select_scheme("unix_local") def finalize_other(self): """Finalizes options for non-posix platforms""" Index: b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py @@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ def get_python_lib(plat_specific=0, stan If 'prefix' is supplied, use it instead of sys.base_prefix or sys.base_exec_prefix -- i.e., ignore 'plat_specific'. """ + is_default_prefix = not prefix or os.path.normpath(prefix) in ('/usr', '/usr/local') if prefix is None: if standard_lib: prefix = plat_specific and BASE_EXEC_PREFIX or BASE_PREFIX @@ -136,6 +137,12 @@ def get_python_lib(plat_specific=0, stan "lib", "python" + get_python_version()) if standard_lib: return libpython + elif (is_default_prefix and + 'PYTHONUSERBASE' not in os.environ and + 'VIRTUAL_ENV' not in os.environ and + 'real_prefix' not in sys.__dict__ and + sys.prefix == sys.base_prefix): + return os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "python3", "dist-packages") else: return os.path.join(libpython, "site-packages") elif os.name == "nt": Index: b/Lib/site.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/site.py +++ b/Lib/site.py @@ -7,12 +7,18 @@ This will append site-specific paths to the module search path. On Unix (including Mac OSX), it starts with sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix (if different) and appends -lib/python/site-packages. +lib/python3/dist-packages. On other platforms (such as Windows), it tries each of the prefixes directly, as well as with lib/site-packages appended. The resulting directories, if they exist, are appended to sys.path, and also inspected for path configuration files. +For Debian and derivatives, this sys.path is augmented with directories +for packages distributed within the distribution. Local addons go +into /usr/local/lib/python/dist-packages, Debian addons +install into /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages. +/usr/lib/python/site-packages is not used. + If a file named "pyvenv.cfg" exists one directory above sys.executable, sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to that directory and it is also checked for site-packages (sys.base_prefix and @@ -303,9 +309,20 @@ def getsitepackages(prefixes=None): seen.add(prefix) if os.sep == '/': + if 'VIRTUAL_ENV' in os.environ or sys.base_prefix != sys.prefix: + sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", + "python" + sys.version[:3], + "site-packages")) + sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "local/lib", + "python" + sys.version[:3], + "dist-packages")) + sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", + "python3", + "dist-packages")) + # this one is deprecated for Debian sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", - "python" + sys.version[:3], - "site-packages")) + "python" + sys.version[:3], + "dist-packages")) else: sitepackages.append(prefix) sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "site-packages")) Index: b/Lib/test/test_site.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/test/test_site.py +++ b/Lib/test/test_site.py @@ -248,9 +248,10 @@ class HelperFunctionsTests(unittest.Test self.assertEqual(dirs[1], wanted) elif os.sep == '/': # OS X non-framwework builds, Linux, FreeBSD, etc - self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 1) - wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'lib', 'python' + sys.version[:3], - 'site-packages') + self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 3) + wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'local', 'lib', + 'python' + sys.version[:3], + 'dist-packages') self.assertEqual(dirs[0], wanted) else: # other platforms Index: b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_bdist_dumb.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/tests/test_bdist_dumb.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_bdist_dumb.py @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class BuildDumbTestCase(support.TempdirM fp.close() contents = sorted(os.path.basename(fn) for fn in contents) - wanted = ['foo-0.1-py%s.%s.egg-info' % sys.version_info[:2], 'foo.py'] + wanted = ['foo-0.1.egg-info', 'foo.py'] if not sys.dont_write_bytecode: wanted.append('foo.%s.pyc' % sys.implementation.cache_tag) self.assertEqual(contents, sorted(wanted)) Index: b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_install.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/tests/test_install.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_install.py @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class InstallTestCase(support.TempdirMan found = [os.path.basename(line) for line in content.splitlines()] expected = ['hello.py', 'hello.%s.pyc' % sys.implementation.cache_tag, 'sayhi', - 'UNKNOWN-0.0.0-py%s.%s.egg-info' % sys.version_info[:2]] + 'UNKNOWN-0.0.0.egg-info'] self.assertEqual(found, expected) def test_record_extensions(self): @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class InstallTestCase(support.TempdirMan found = [os.path.basename(line) for line in content.splitlines()] expected = [_make_ext_name('xx'), - 'UNKNOWN-0.0.0-py%s.%s.egg-info' % sys.version_info[:2]] + 'UNKNOWN-0.0.0.egg-info'] self.assertEqual(found, expected) def test_debug_mode(self): Index: b/Lib/pydoc.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/pydoc.py +++ b/Lib/pydoc.py @@ -404,6 +404,7 @@ class Doc: 'marshal', 'posix', 'signal', 'sys', '_thread', 'zipimport') or (file.startswith(basedir) and + not file.startswith(os.path.join(basedir, 'dist-packages')) and not file.startswith(os.path.join(basedir, 'site-packages')))) and object.__name__ not in ('xml.etree', 'test.pydoc_mod')): if docloc.startswith("http://"): debian/patches/issue21264.diff0000664000000000000000000000253012606423772013211 0ustar # DP: Fix issue #21264, test_compileall test failures in the installed location Index: b/Lib/test/test_compileall.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/test/test_compileall.py +++ b/Lib/test/test_compileall.py @@ -249,20 +249,20 @@ os.utime(pycpath, (time.time()-60,)*2) mtime = os.stat(pycpath).st_mtime # Without force, no recompilation - self.assertRunOK(PYTHONPATH=self.directory) + self.assertRunOK(self.directory) mtime2 = os.stat(pycpath).st_mtime self.assertEqual(mtime, mtime2) # Now force it. - self.assertRunOK('-f', PYTHONPATH=self.directory) + self.assertRunOK('-f', self.directory) mtime2 = os.stat(pycpath).st_mtime self.assertNotEqual(mtime, mtime2) def test_no_args_respects_quiet_flag(self): self._skip_if_sys_path_not_writable() script_helper.make_script(self.directory, 'baz', '') - noisy = self.assertRunOK(PYTHONPATH=self.directory) + noisy = self.assertRunOK(self.directory) self.assertIn(b'Listing ', noisy) - quiet = self.assertRunOK('-q', PYTHONPATH=self.directory) + quiet = self.assertRunOK('-q', self.directory) self.assertNotIn(b'Listing ', quiet) # Ensure that the default behavior of compileall's CLI is to create debian/patches/tkinter-import.diff0000664000000000000000000000106612530717544014454 0ustar # DP: suggest installation of python-tk package on failing _tkinter import Index: b/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py +++ b/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py @@ -32,7 +32,10 @@ tk.mainloop() import sys -import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk +try: + import _tkinter +except ImportError as msg: + raise ImportError(str(msg) + ', please install the python3-tk package') TclError = _tkinter.TclError from tkinter.constants import * import re debian/patches/distutils-link.diff0000664000000000000000000000230112673012752014431 0ustar # DP: Don't add standard library dirs to library_dirs and runtime_library_dirs. Index: b/Lib/distutils/unixccompiler.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/unixccompiler.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/unixccompiler.py @@ -155,6 +155,17 @@ class UnixCCompiler(CCompiler): runtime_library_dirs) libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs = fixed_args + # filter out standard library paths, which are not explicitely needed + # for linking + system_libdirs = ['/lib', '/lib64', '/usr/lib', '/usr/lib64'] + multiarch = sysconfig.get_config_var("MULTIARCH") + if multiarch: + system_libdirs.extend(['/lib/%s' % multiarch, '/usr/lib/%s' % multiarch]) + library_dirs = [dir for dir in library_dirs + if not dir in system_libdirs] + runtime_library_dirs = [dir for dir in runtime_library_dirs + if not dir in system_libdirs] + lib_opts = gen_lib_options(self, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries) if not isinstance(output_dir, (str, type(None))): debian/patches/link-timemodule.diff0000664000000000000000000000113112512316517014547 0ustar Index: b/Modules/Setup.dist =================================================================== --- a/Modules/Setup.dist +++ b/Modules/Setup.dist @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ _collections _collectionsmodule.c # Cont itertools itertoolsmodule.c # Functions creating iterators for efficient looping atexit atexitmodule.c # Register functions to be run at interpreter-shutdown _stat _stat.c # stat.h interface -time timemodule.c # -lm # time operations and variables +time timemodule.c -lrt # -lm # time operations and variables # access to ISO C locale support _locale _localemodule.c # -lintl debian/patches/setup-modules.diff0000664000000000000000000000401612515250023014253 0ustar # DP: Modules/Setup.dist: patches to build some extensions statically Index: b/Modules/Setup.dist =================================================================== --- a/Modules/Setup.dist +++ b/Modules/Setup.dist @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ _symtable symtablemodule.c #_weakref _weakref.c # basic weak reference support #_testcapi _testcapimodule.c # Python C API test module #_random _randommodule.c # Random number generator -#_elementtree -I$(srcdir)/Modules/expat -DHAVE_EXPAT_CONFIG_H -DUSE_PYEXPAT_CAPI _elementtree.c # elementtree accelerator +#_elementtree _elementtree.c -lexpat # elementtree accelerator #_pickle _pickle.c # pickle accelerator #_datetime _datetimemodule.c # datetime accelerator #_bisect _bisectmodule.c # Bisection algorithms @@ -204,10 +204,7 @@ _symtable symtablemodule.c # Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other # socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable: -#SSL=/usr/local/ssl -#_ssl _ssl.c \ -# -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \ -# -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto +#_ssl _ssl.c -lssl -lcrypto # The crypt module is now disabled by default because it breaks builds # on many systems (where -lcrypt is needed), e.g. Linux (I believe). @@ -249,6 +246,7 @@ _symtable symtablemodule.c #_sha256 sha256module.c #_sha512 sha512module.c +#_hashlib _hashopenssl.c -lssl -lcrypto # The _tkinter module. # @@ -337,6 +335,7 @@ _symtable symtablemodule.c # Fred Drake's interface to the Python parser #parser parsermodule.c +#_ctypes _ctypes/_ctypes.c _ctypes/callbacks.c _ctypes/callproc.c _ctypes/stgdict.c _ctypes/cfield.c _ctypes/malloc_closure.c -lffi # Lee Busby's SIGFPE modules. # The library to link fpectl with is platform specific. @@ -371,7 +370,7 @@ _symtable symtablemodule.c # # More information on Expat can be found at www.libexpat.org. # -#pyexpat expat/xmlparse.c expat/xmlrole.c expat/xmltok.c pyexpat.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/expat -DHAVE_EXPAT_CONFIG_H -DUSE_PYEXPAT_CAPI +#pyexpat pyexpat.c -lexpat # Hye-Shik Chang's CJKCodecs debian/patches/mpdecimal-version.diff0000664000000000000000000000067412726310017015075 0ustar # DP: Relax the mpdecimal version check Index: b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c =================================================================== --- a/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c +++ b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c @@ -39,10 +39,6 @@ #include "memory.h" -#if !defined(MPD_VERSION_HEX) || MPD_VERSION_HEX < 0x02040100 - #error "libmpdec version >= 2.4.1 required" -#endif - /* * Type sizes with assertions in mpdecimal.h and pyport.h: debian/patches/hurd-disable-nonworking-constants.diff0000664000000000000000000000214312726307676020237 0ustar # DP: Comment out constant exposed on the API which are not implemented on # DP: GNU/Hurd. They would not work at runtime anyway. Index: b/Modules/socketmodule.c =================================================================== --- a/Modules/socketmodule.c +++ b/Modules/socketmodule.c @@ -6481,9 +6481,11 @@ PyInit__socket(void) #ifdef SO_OOBINLINE PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, SO_OOBINLINE); #endif +#ifndef __GNU__ #ifdef SO_REUSEPORT PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, SO_REUSEPORT); #endif +#endif #ifdef SO_SNDBUF PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, SO_SNDBUF); #endif Index: b/Modules/posixmodule.c =================================================================== --- a/Modules/posixmodule.c +++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c @@ -12485,12 +12485,14 @@ all_ins(PyObject *m) #ifdef O_LARGEFILE if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, O_LARGEFILE)) return -1; #endif +#ifndef __GNU__ #ifdef O_SHLOCK if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, O_SHLOCK)) return -1; #endif #ifdef O_EXLOCK if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, O_EXLOCK)) return -1; #endif +#endif #ifdef O_EXEC if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, O_EXEC)) return -1; #endif debian/patches/CVE-2016-1000110.diff0000664000000000000000000001023513013361175013255 0ustar Origin: https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/a0ac52ed8f79 # HG changeset patch # User Senthil Kumaran # Date 1469947146 25200 # Node ID a0ac52ed8f7918222603b584ec8fc93d9b7bc0a5 # Parent 4cb94e561e2db9865fb4d752f2bceefca4c6819a# Parent 3c19023c9fec5a615c25598468b44fade89049ce [merge from 3.4] - Prevent HTTPoxy attack (CVE-2016-1000110) Ignore the HTTP_PROXY variable when REQUEST_METHOD environment is set, which indicates that the script is in CGI mode. Issue #27568 Reported and patch contributed by Rémi Rampin. CVE-2016-1000110 [Note: patch differs from upstream commit in the NEWS entry change has been dropped to avoid patch application conflicts. -- sbeattie] diff --git a/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst b/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst --- a/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst @@ -538,6 +538,11 @@ setting up a `Basic Authentication`_ han through a proxy. However, this can be enabled by extending urllib.request as shown in the recipe [#]_. +.. note:: + + ``HTTP_PROXY`` will be ignored if a variable ``REQUEST_METHOD`` is set; see + the documentation on :func:`~urllib.request.getproxies`. + Sockets and Layers ================== diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst --- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst +++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst @@ -173,6 +173,16 @@ The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines If both lowercase and uppercase environment variables exist (and disagree), lowercase is preferred. + .. note:: + + If the environment variable ``REQUEST_METHOD`` is set, which usually + indicates your script is running in a CGI environment, the environment + variable ``HTTP_PROXY`` (uppercase ``_PROXY``) will be ignored. This is + because that variable can be injected by a client using the "Proxy:" HTTP + header. If you need to use an HTTP proxy in a CGI environment, either use + ``ProxyHandler`` explicitly, or make sure the variable name is in + lowercase (or at least the ``_proxy`` suffix). + The following classes are provided: @@ -280,6 +290,11 @@ The following classes are provided: list of hostname suffixes, optionally with ``:port`` appended, for example ``cern.ch,ncsa.uiuc.edu,some.host:8080``. + .. note:: + + ``HTTP_PROXY`` will be ignored if a variable ``REQUEST_METHOD`` is set; + see the documentation on :func:`~urllib.request.getproxies`. + .. class:: HTTPPasswordMgr() diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllib.py b/Lib/test/test_urllib.py --- a/Lib/test/test_urllib.py +++ b/Lib/test/test_urllib.py @@ -232,6 +232,18 @@ class ProxyTests(unittest.TestCase): self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('anotherdomain.com:8888')) self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('newdomain.com:1234')) + def test_proxy_cgi_ignore(self): + try: + self.env.set('HTTP_PROXY', 'http://somewhere:3128') + proxies = urllib.request.getproxies_environment() + self.assertEqual('http://somewhere:3128', proxies['http']) + self.env.set('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET') + proxies = urllib.request.getproxies_environment() + self.assertNotIn('http', proxies) + finally: + self.env.unset('REQUEST_METHOD') + self.env.unset('HTTP_PROXY') + def test_proxy_bypass_environment_host_match(self): bypass = urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment self.env.set('NO_PROXY', diff --git a/Lib/urllib/request.py b/Lib/urllib/request.py --- a/Lib/urllib/request.py +++ b/Lib/urllib/request.py @@ -2412,6 +2412,12 @@ def getproxies_environment(): name = name.lower() if value and name[-6:] == '_proxy': proxies[name[:-6]] = value + # CVE-2016-1000110 - If we are running as CGI script, forget HTTP_PROXY + # (non-all-lowercase) as it may be set from the web server by a "Proxy:" + # header from the client + # If "proxy" is lowercase, it will still be used thanks to the next block + if 'REQUEST_METHOD' in os.environ: + proxies.pop('http', None) for name, value in os.environ.items(): if name[-6:] == '_proxy': name = name.lower() debian/patches/ext-no-libpython-link.diff0000664000000000000000000000233212725127662015636 0ustar # DP: Don't link extensions with the shared libpython library. Index: b/Lib/distutils/command/build_ext.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/command/build_ext.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/command/build_ext.py @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class build_ext(Command): # For building extensions with a shared Python library, # Python's library directory must be appended to library_dirs # See Issues: #1600860, #4366 - if (sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_ENABLE_SHARED')): + if False and (sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_ENABLE_SHARED')): if not sysconfig.python_build: # building third party extensions self.library_dirs.append(sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR')) @@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ class build_ext(Command): return ext.libraries else: from distutils import sysconfig - if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_ENABLE_SHARED'): + if False and sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_ENABLE_SHARED'): pythonlib = 'python{}.{}{}'.format( sys.hexversion >> 24, (sys.hexversion >> 16) & 0xff, sysconfig.get_config_var('ABIFLAGS')) debian/patches/sysconfig-debian-schemes.diff0000664000000000000000000000467712244115414016336 0ustar # DP: Add schemes 'deb_system' and 'posix_local', make the latter the default --- a/Lib/sysconfig.py +++ b/Lib/sysconfig.py @@ -32,6 +32,30 @@ 'scripts': '{base}/bin', 'data': '{base}', }, + 'deb_system': { + 'stdlib': '{installed_base}/lib/python{py_version_short}', + 'platstdlib': '{platbase}/lib/python{py_version_short}', + 'purelib': '{base}/lib/python3/dist-packages', + 'platlib': '{platbase}/lib/python3/dist-packages', + 'include': + '{installed_base}/include/python{py_version_short}{abiflags}', + 'platinclude': + '{installed_platbase}/include/python{py_version_short}{abiflags}', + 'scripts': '{base}/bin', + 'data': '{base}', + }, + 'posix_local': { + 'stdlib': '{installed_base}/lib/python{py_version_short}', + 'platstdlib': '{platbase}/lib/python{py_version_short}', + 'purelib': '{base}/local/lib/python{py_version_short}/dist-packages', + 'platlib': '{platbase}/local/lib/python{py_version_short}/dist-packages', + 'include': + '{installed_base}/local/include/python{py_version_short}{abiflags}', + 'platinclude': + '{installed_platbase}/local/include/python{py_version_short}{abiflags}', + 'scripts': '{base}/local/bin', + 'data': '{base}', + }, 'posix_home': { 'stdlib': '{installed_base}/lib/python', 'platstdlib': '{base}/lib/python', @@ -162,7 +186,7 @@ _PYTHON_BUILD = is_python_build(True) if _PYTHON_BUILD: - for scheme in ('posix_prefix', 'posix_home'): + for scheme in ('posix_prefix', 'posix_home', 'posix_local', 'deb_system'): _INSTALL_SCHEMES[scheme]['include'] = '{srcdir}/Include' _INSTALL_SCHEMES[scheme]['platinclude'] = '{projectbase}/.' @@ -200,7 +224,12 @@ def _get_default_scheme(): if os.name == 'posix': # the default scheme for posix is posix_prefix - return 'posix_prefix' + if 'real_prefix' in sys.__dict__ or 'VIRTUAL_ENV' in os.environ: + # virtual environments + return 'posix_prefix' + else: + # Debian default + return 'posix_local' return os.name @@ -485,7 +514,7 @@ else: inc_dir = _sys_home or _PROJECT_BASE else: - inc_dir = get_path('platinclude') + inc_dir = get_path('platinclude', 'posix_prefix') return os.path.join(inc_dir, 'pyconfig.h') debian/patches/mangle-fstack-protector.diff0000664000000000000000000000177312512306377016222 0ustar # DP: When using GCC versions older than 4.9, automagically mangle # DP: -fstack-protector-strong to -fstack-protector Index: b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import _imp import os import re import sys +import fnmatch from .errors import DistutilsPlatformError @@ -200,6 +201,10 @@ def customize_compiler(compiler): cc = newcc if 'CXX' in os.environ: cxx = os.environ['CXX'] + if fnmatch.filter([cc, cxx], '*-4.[0-8]'): + configure_cflags = configure_cflags.replace('-fstack-protector-strong', '-fstack-protector') + ldshared = ldshared.replace('-fstack-protector-strong', '-fstack-protector') + cflags = cflags.replace('-fstack-protector-strong', '-fstack-protector') if 'LDSHARED' in os.environ: ldshared = os.environ['LDSHARED'] if 'CPP' in os.environ: debian/patches/bdist-wininst-notfound.diff0000664000000000000000000000136312530717554016115 0ustar # DP: suggest installation of the pythonX.Y-dev package, if bdist_wininst # DP: cannot find the wininst-* files. Index: b/Lib/distutils/command/bdist_wininst.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/command/bdist_wininst.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/command/bdist_wininst.py @@ -354,7 +354,10 @@ class bdist_wininst(Command): sfix = '' filename = os.path.join(directory, "wininst-%.1f%s.exe" % (bv, sfix)) - f = open(filename, "rb") + try: + f = open(filename, "rb") + except IOError as e: + raise DistutilsFileError(str(e) + ', %s not included in the Debian packages.' % filename) try: return f.read() finally: debian/patches/pydoc-use-pager.diff0000664000000000000000000000112412726310030014445 0ustar # DP: pydoc: use the pager command if available. Index: b/Lib/pydoc.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/pydoc.py +++ b/Lib/pydoc.py @@ -1433,6 +1433,8 @@ def getpager(): return plainpager if sys.platform == 'win32': return lambda text: tempfilepager(plain(text), 'more <') + if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(pager) 2>/dev/null') == 0: + return lambda text: pipepager(text, 'pager') if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(less) 2>/dev/null') == 0: return lambda text: pipepager(text, 'less') debian/patches/ensurepip-wheels.diff0000664000000000000000000001204212714073517014756 0ustar Index: b/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py +++ b/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +import glob import os import os.path import pkgutil @@ -8,13 +9,9 @@ import tempfile __all__ = ["version", "bootstrap"] -_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION = "20.10.1" - -_PIP_VERSION = "8.1.1" - # pip currently requires ssl support, so we try to provide a nicer # error message when that is missing (http://bugs.python.org/issue19744) -_MISSING_SSL_MESSAGE = ("pip {} requires SSL/TLS".format(_PIP_VERSION)) +_MISSING_SSL_MESSAGE = ("pip requires SSL/TLS") try: import ssl except ImportError: @@ -26,8 +23,9 @@ else: pass _PROJECTS = [ - ("setuptools", _SETUPTOOLS_VERSION), - ("pip", _PIP_VERSION), + "setuptools", + "pip", + "pkg_resources", ] @@ -45,7 +43,10 @@ def version(): """ Returns a string specifying the bundled version of pip. """ - return _PIP_VERSION + wheel_names = glob.glob('/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-*.whl') + assert len(wheel_names) == 1, wheel_names + return os.path.basename(wheel_names[0]).split('-')[1] + def _disable_pip_configuration_settings(): # We deliberately ignore all pip environment variables @@ -87,20 +88,44 @@ def bootstrap(*, root=None, upgrade=Fals # omit pip and easy_install os.environ["ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS"] = "install" + # Debian: The bundled wheels are useless to us because we must use ones + # crafted from source code in the archive. As we build the virtual + # environment, copy the wheels from the system location into the virtual + # environment, and place those wheels on sys.path. + def copy_wheels(wheels, destdir, paths): + for project in wheels: + wheel_names = glob.glob( + '/usr/share/python-wheels/{}-*.whl'.format(project)) + if len(wheel_names) == 0: + raise RuntimeError('missing dependency wheel %s' % project) + assert len(wheel_names) == 1, wheel_names + wheel_name = os.path.basename(wheel_names[0]) + path = os.path.join('/usr/share/python-wheels', wheel_name) + with open(path, 'rb') as fp: + whl = fp.read() + dest = os.path.join(destdir, wheel_name) + with open(dest, 'wb') as fp: + fp.write(whl) + paths.append(dest) + with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: + # This directory is a "well known directory" which Debian has patched + # pip to look in when attempting to locate wheels to use to satisfy + # the dependencies that pip normally bundles but Debian has debundled. + # This is critically important and if this directory changes then both + # python-pip and python-virtualenv needs updated to match. + venv_wheel_dir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'share', 'python-wheels') + os.makedirs(venv_wheel_dir, exist_ok=True) + dependencies = [ + os.path.basename(whl).split('-')[0] + for whl in glob.glob('/usr/share/python-wheels/*.whl') + ] + copy_wheels(dependencies, venv_wheel_dir, sys.path) + # Put our bundled wheels into a temporary directory and construct the # additional paths that need added to sys.path additional_paths = [] - for project, version in _PROJECTS: - wheel_name = "{}-{}-py2.py3-none-any.whl".format(project, version) - whl = pkgutil.get_data( - "ensurepip", - "_bundled/{}".format(wheel_name), - ) - with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, wheel_name), "wb") as fp: - fp.write(whl) - - additional_paths.append(os.path.join(tmpdir, wheel_name)) + copy_wheels(_PROJECTS, tmpdir, additional_paths) # Construct the arguments to be passed to the pip command args = ["install", "--no-index", "--find-links", tmpdir] @@ -113,7 +138,7 @@ def bootstrap(*, root=None, upgrade=Fals if verbosity: args += ["-" + "v" * verbosity] - _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths) + _run_pip(args + _PROJECTS, additional_paths) def _uninstall_helper(*, verbosity=0): """Helper to support a clean default uninstall process on Windows @@ -127,7 +152,8 @@ def _uninstall_helper(*, verbosity=0): return # If the pip version doesn't match the bundled one, leave it alone - if pip.__version__ != _PIP_VERSION: + # Disabled for Debian, always using the version from the python3-pip package. + if False and pip.__version__ != _PIP_VERSION: msg = ("ensurepip will only uninstall a matching version " "({!r} installed, {!r} bundled)") print(msg.format(pip.__version__, _PIP_VERSION), file=sys.stderr) @@ -141,7 +167,7 @@ def _uninstall_helper(*, verbosity=0): if verbosity: args += ["-" + "v" * verbosity] - _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in reversed(_PROJECTS)]) + _run_pip(args + reversed(_PROJECTS)) def _main(argv=None): debian/patches/langpack-gettext.diff0000664000000000000000000000214512515250037014715 0ustar # DP: Description: support alternative gettext tree in # DP: /usr/share/locale-langpack; if a file is present in both trees, # DP: prefer the newer one # DP: Upstream status: Ubuntu-Specific Index: b/Lib/gettext.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/gettext.py +++ b/Lib/gettext.py @@ -394,11 +394,26 @@ def find(domain, localedir=None, languag if lang == 'C': break mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain) + mofile_lp = os.path.join("/usr/share/locale-langpack", lang, + 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain) + + # first look into the standard locale dir, then into the + # langpack locale dir + + # standard mo file if os.path.exists(mofile): if all: result.append(mofile) else: return mofile + + # langpack mofile -> use it + if os.path.exists(mofile_lp): + if all: + result.append(mofile_lp) + else: + return mofile_lp + return result debian/patches/CVE-2017-1000158.patch0000664000000000000000000000172213205574442013470 0ustar Backported of: From c3c9db89273fabc62ea1b48389d9a3000c1c03ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jay Bosamiya Date: Sun, 18 Jun 2017 22:11:03 +0530 Subject: [PATCH] [2.7] bpo-30657: Check & prevent integer overflow in PyString_DecodeEscape/PyBytes_DecodeEscape (#2174) diff --git a/Objects/bytesobject.c b/Objects/bytesobject.c index c2aa65c..e004dce 100644 --- a/Objects/bytesobject.c +++ b/Objects/bytesobject.c @@ -971,7 +971,13 @@ PyObject *PyBytes_DecodeEscape(const char *s, char *p, *buf; const char *end; PyObject *v; - Py_ssize_t newlen = recode_encoding ? 4*len:len; + Py_ssize_t newlen; + /* Check for integer overflow */ + if (recode_encoding && (len > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 4)) { + PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "string is too large"); + return NULL; + } + newlen = recode_encoding ? 4*len:len; v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, newlen); if (v == NULL) return NULL; debian/patches/pyhash.diff0000664000000000000000000000074712764741401012763 0ustar Index: b/Python/pyhash.c =================================================================== --- a/Python/pyhash.c +++ b/Python/pyhash.c @@ -384,7 +384,12 @@ siphash24(const void *src, Py_ssize_t sr PY_UINT8_T *m; while (src_sz >= 8) { +#if defined(__ARM_EABI__) && defined(__ARMEL__) + PY_UINT64_T mi; + memcpy(&mi, in, sizeof(PY_UINT64_T)); +#else PY_UINT64_T mi = _le64toh(*in); +#endif in += 1; src_sz -= 8; v3 ^= mi; debian/patches/lib-argparse.diff0000664000000000000000000000075712244115414014030 0ustar # DP: argparse.py: Make the gettext import conditional --- a/Lib/argparse.py +++ b/Lib/argparse.py @@ -90,7 +90,16 @@ import sys as _sys import textwrap as _textwrap -from gettext import gettext as _, ngettext +try: + from gettext import gettext as _, ngettext +except ImportError: + def _(message): + return message + def ngettext(singular,plural,n): + if n == 1: + return singular + else: + return plural SUPPRESS = '==SUPPRESS==' debian/patches/platform-lsbrelease.diff0000664000000000000000000000644312726307670015435 0ustar # DP: Use /etc/lsb-release to identify the platform. Index: b/Lib/platform.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/platform.py +++ b/Lib/platform.py @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ _release_version = re.compile(r'([^0-9]+ _supported_dists = ( 'SuSE', 'debian', 'fedora', 'redhat', 'centos', 'mandrake', 'mandriva', 'rocks', 'slackware', 'yellowdog', 'gentoo', - 'UnitedLinux', 'turbolinux', 'arch', 'mageia') + 'UnitedLinux', 'turbolinux', 'arch', 'mageia', 'Ubuntu') def _parse_release_file(firstline): @@ -297,6 +297,10 @@ def _parse_release_file(firstline): id = l[1] return '', version, id +_distributor_id_file_re = re.compile("(?:DISTRIB_ID\s*=)\s*(.*)", re.I) +_release_file_re = re.compile("(?:DISTRIB_RELEASE\s*=)\s*(.*)", re.I) +_codename_file_re = re.compile("(?:DISTRIB_CODENAME\s*=)\s*(.*)", re.I) + def linux_distribution(distname='', version='', id='', supported_dists=_supported_dists, @@ -329,6 +333,25 @@ def _linux_distribution(distname, versio args given as parameters. """ + # check for the Debian/Ubuntu /etc/lsb-release file first, needed so + # that the distribution doesn't get identified as Debian. + try: + with open("/etc/lsb-release", "r") as etclsbrel: + for line in etclsbrel: + m = _distributor_id_file_re.search(line) + if m: + _u_distname = m.group(1).strip() + m = _release_file_re.search(line) + if m: + _u_version = m.group(1).strip() + m = _codename_file_re.search(line) + if m: + _u_id = m.group(1).strip() + if _u_distname and _u_version: + return (_u_distname, _u_version, _u_id) + except (EnvironmentError, UnboundLocalError): + pass + try: etc = os.listdir(_UNIXCONFDIR) except OSError: Index: b/Lib/test/test_platform.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/test/test_platform.py +++ b/Lib/test/test_platform.py @@ -320,28 +320,6 @@ class PlatformTest(unittest.TestCase): returncode = ret >> 8 self.assertEqual(returncode, len(data)) - def test_linux_distribution_encoding(self): - # Issue #17429 - with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir: - filename = os.path.join(tempdir, 'fedora-release') - with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: - f.write('Fedora release 19 (Schr\xf6dinger\u2019s Cat)\n') - - with mock.patch('platform._UNIXCONFDIR', tempdir): - with warnings.catch_warnings(): - warnings.filterwarnings( - 'ignore', - 'dist\(\) and linux_distribution\(\) ' - 'functions are deprecated .*', - PendingDeprecationWarning, - ) - distname, version, distid = platform.linux_distribution() - - self.assertEqual(distname, 'Fedora') - self.assertEqual(version, '19') - self.assertEqual(distid, 'Schr\xf6dinger\u2019s Cat') - - class DeprecationTest(unittest.TestCase): def test_dist_deprecation(self): debian/patches/asyncio-import.diff0000664000000000000000000000052512736716615014446 0ustar Index: b/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py +++ b/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ try: except ImportError: # pragma: no cover ssl = None +from . import base_events from . import compat from . import protocols from . import transports debian/patches/multiarch.diff0000664000000000000000000001154412726307736013463 0ustar Index: b/Lib/sysconfig.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/sysconfig.py +++ b/Lib/sysconfig.py @@ -337,6 +337,8 @@ def get_makefile_filename(): config_dir_name = 'config-%s%s' % (_PY_VERSION_SHORT, sys.abiflags) else: config_dir_name = 'config' + if hasattr(sys.implementation, '_multiarch'): + config_dir_name += '-%s' % sys.implementation._multiarch return os.path.join(get_path('stdlib'), config_dir_name, 'Makefile') def _generate_posix_vars(): @@ -543,6 +545,12 @@ def get_config_vars(*args): # the init-function. _CONFIG_VARS['userbase'] = _getuserbase() + multiarch = get_config_var('MULTIARCH') + if multiarch: + _CONFIG_VARS['multiarchsubdir'] = '/' + multiarch + else: + _CONFIG_VARS['multiarchsubdir'] = '' + # Always convert srcdir to an absolute path srcdir = _CONFIG_VARS.get('srcdir', _PROJECT_BASE) if os.name == 'posix': Index: b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py @@ -102,6 +102,9 @@ def get_python_inc(plat_specific=0, pref incdir = os.path.join(get_config_var('srcdir'), 'Include') return os.path.normpath(incdir) python_dir = 'python' + get_python_version() + build_flags + if not python_build and plat_specific: + import sysconfig + return sysconfig.get_path('platinclude') return os.path.join(prefix, "include", python_dir) elif os.name == "nt": return os.path.join(prefix, "include") @@ -260,6 +263,8 @@ def get_makefile_filename(): return os.path.join(_sys_home or project_base, "Makefile") lib_dir = get_python_lib(plat_specific=0, standard_lib=1) config_file = 'config-{}{}'.format(get_python_version(), build_flags) + if hasattr(sys.implementation, '_multiarch'): + config_file += '-%s' % sys.implementation._multiarch return os.path.join(lib_dir, config_file, 'Makefile') Index: b/Makefile.pre.in =================================================================== --- a/Makefile.pre.in +++ b/Makefile.pre.in @@ -783,6 +783,7 @@ Modules/signalmodule.o: $(srcdir)/Module Python/dynload_shlib.o: $(srcdir)/Python/dynload_shlib.c Makefile $(CC) -c $(PY_CORE_CFLAGS) \ + $(if $(MULTIARCH),-DMULTIARCH='"$(MULTIARCH)"') \ -DSOABI='"$(SOABI)"' \ -o $@ $(srcdir)/Python/dynload_shlib.c @@ -794,6 +795,7 @@ Python/dynload_hpux.o: $(srcdir)/Python/ Python/sysmodule.o: $(srcdir)/Python/sysmodule.c Makefile $(CC) -c $(PY_CORE_CFLAGS) \ -DABIFLAGS='"$(ABIFLAGS)"' \ + -DMULTIARCH='"$(MULTIARCH)"' \ -o $@ $(srcdir)/Python/sysmodule.c $(IO_OBJS): $(IO_H) @@ -1347,6 +1349,10 @@ libinstall: build_all $(srcdir)/Lib/$(PL $(srcdir)/Lib/$(PLATDIR): mkdir $(srcdir)/Lib/$(PLATDIR) cp $(srcdir)/Lib/plat-generic/regen $(srcdir)/Lib/$(PLATDIR)/regen + if [ -n "$(MULTIARCH)" ]; then \ + cp -p $(srcdir)/Lib/plat-linux/*.py $(srcdir)/Lib/$(PLATDIR)/.; \ + rm -f $(srcdir)/Lib/$(PLATDIR)/IN.py; \ + fi export PATH; PATH="`pwd`:$$PATH"; \ export PYTHONPATH; PYTHONPATH="`pwd`/Lib"; \ export DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH; DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH="`pwd`"; \ @@ -1397,7 +1403,7 @@ inclinstall: LIBPL= @LIBPL@ # pkgconfig directory -LIBPC= $(LIBDIR)/pkgconfig +LIBPC= $(LIBDIR)/$(MULTIARCH)/pkgconfig libainstall: all python-config @for i in $(LIBDIR) $(LIBPL) $(LIBPC); \ Index: b/Python/sysmodule.c =================================================================== --- a/Python/sysmodule.c +++ b/Python/sysmodule.c @@ -1696,6 +1696,15 @@ make_impl_info(PyObject *version_info) if (res < 0) goto error; + /* For Debian multiarch support. */ + value = PyUnicode_FromString(MULTIARCH); + if (value == NULL) + goto error; + res = PyDict_SetItemString(impl_info, "_multiarch", value); + Py_DECREF(value); + if (res < 0) + goto error; + /* dict ready */ ns = _PyNamespace_New(impl_info); Index: b/configure.ac =================================================================== --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -872,7 +872,12 @@ if test x$PLATFORM_TRIPLET != x && test AC_MSG_ERROR([internal configure error for the platform triplet, please file a bug report]) fi fi -PLATDIR=plat-$MACHDEP + +if test x$PLATFORM_TRIPLET = x; then + PLATDIR=plat-$MACHDEP +else + PLATDIR=plat-$PLATFORM_TRIPLET +fi AC_SUBST(PLATDIR) AC_SUBST(PLATFORM_TRIPLET) @@ -4471,7 +4476,7 @@ AC_MSG_RESULT($LDVERSION) dnl define LIBPL after ABIFLAGS and LDVERSION is defined. AC_SUBST(PY_ENABLE_SHARED) -LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/lib/python${VERSION}/config-${LDVERSION}" +LIBPL='${prefix}'"/lib/python${VERSION}/config-${LDVERSION}-${MULTIARCH}" AC_SUBST(LIBPL) # Check whether right shifting a negative integer extends the sign bit debian/patches/asyncio366.diff0000664000000000000000000001631412736721073013372 0ustar # DP: Fix callbacks race in SelectorLoop.sock_connect. # DP: https://github.com/python/asyncio/pull/366 Index: b/Lib/asyncio/selector_events.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/asyncio/selector_events.py +++ b/Lib/asyncio/selector_events.py @@ -382,6 +382,7 @@ class BaseSelectorEventLoop(base_events. data = data[n:] self.add_writer(fd, self._sock_sendall, fut, True, sock, data) + @coroutine def sock_connect(self, sock, address): """Connect to a remote socket at address. @@ -390,23 +391,15 @@ class BaseSelectorEventLoop(base_events. if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0: raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking") - fut = self.create_future() - if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX') and sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX: - self._sock_connect(fut, sock, address) - else: + if not hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX') or sock.family != socket.AF_UNIX: resolved = base_events._ensure_resolved(address, loop=self) - resolved.add_done_callback( - lambda resolved: self._on_resolved(fut, sock, resolved)) - - return fut - - def _on_resolved(self, fut, sock, resolved): - try: + if not resolved.done(): + yield from resolved _, _, _, _, address = resolved.result()[0] - except Exception as exc: - fut.set_exception(exc) - else: - self._sock_connect(fut, sock, address) + + fut = self.create_future() + self._sock_connect(fut, sock, address) + return (yield from fut) def _sock_connect(self, fut, sock, address): fd = sock.fileno() @@ -417,8 +410,8 @@ class BaseSelectorEventLoop(base_events. # connection runs in background. We have to wait until the socket # becomes writable to be notified when the connection succeed or # fails. - fut.add_done_callback(functools.partial(self._sock_connect_done, - fd)) + fut.add_done_callback( + functools.partial(self._sock_connect_done, fd)) self.add_writer(fd, self._sock_connect_cb, fut, sock, address) except Exception as exc: fut.set_exception(exc) Index: b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py +++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py @@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import errno import socket +import threading +import time import unittest from unittest import mock try: @@ -337,18 +339,6 @@ class BaseSelectorEventLoopTests(test_ut (10, self.loop._sock_sendall, f, True, sock, b'data'), self.loop.add_writer.call_args[0]) - def test_sock_connect(self): - sock = test_utils.mock_nonblocking_socket() - self.loop._sock_connect = mock.Mock() - - f = self.loop.sock_connect(sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080)) - self.assertIsInstance(f, asyncio.Future) - self.loop._run_once() - future_in, sock_in, address_in = self.loop._sock_connect.call_args[0] - self.assertEqual(future_in, f) - self.assertEqual(sock_in, sock) - self.assertEqual(address_in, ('127.0.0.1', 8080)) - def test_sock_connect_timeout(self): # asyncio issue #205: sock_connect() must unregister the socket on # timeout error @@ -360,16 +350,16 @@ class BaseSelectorEventLoopTests(test_ut sock.connect.side_effect = BlockingIOError # first call to sock_connect() registers the socket - fut = self.loop.sock_connect(sock, ('127.0.0.1', 80)) + fut = self.loop.create_task( + self.loop.sock_connect(sock, ('127.0.0.1', 80))) self.loop._run_once() self.assertTrue(sock.connect.called) self.assertTrue(self.loop.add_writer.called) - self.assertEqual(len(fut._callbacks), 1) # on timeout, the socket must be unregistered sock.connect.reset_mock() - fut.set_exception(asyncio.TimeoutError) - with self.assertRaises(asyncio.TimeoutError): + fut.cancel() + with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError): self.loop.run_until_complete(fut) self.assertTrue(self.loop.remove_writer.called) @@ -1767,5 +1757,88 @@ class SelectorDatagramTransportTests(tes exc_info=(ConnectionRefusedError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY)) +class SelectorLoopFunctionalTests(unittest.TestCase): + + def setUp(self): + self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop() + asyncio.set_event_loop(None) + + def tearDown(self): + self.loop.close() + + @asyncio.coroutine + def recv_all(self, sock, nbytes): + buf = b'' + while len(buf) < nbytes: + buf += yield from self.loop.sock_recv(sock, nbytes - len(buf)) + return buf + + def test_sock_connect_sock_write_race(self): + TIMEOUT = 3.0 + PAYLOAD = b'DATA' * 1024 * 1024 + + class Server(threading.Thread): + def __init__(self, *args, srv_sock, **kwargs): + super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) + self.srv_sock = srv_sock + + def run(self): + with self.srv_sock: + srv_sock.listen(100) + + sock, addr = self.srv_sock.accept() + sock.settimeout(TIMEOUT) + + with sock: + sock.sendall(b'helo') + + buf = bytearray() + while len(buf) < len(PAYLOAD): + pack = sock.recv(1024 * 65) + if not pack: + break + buf.extend(pack) + + @asyncio.coroutine + def client(addr): + sock = socket.socket() + with sock: + sock.setblocking(False) + + started = time.monotonic() + while True: + if time.monotonic() - started > TIMEOUT: + self.fail('unable to connect to the socket') + return + try: + yield from self.loop.sock_connect(sock, addr) + except OSError: + yield from asyncio.sleep(0.05, loop=self.loop) + else: + break + + # Give 'Server' thread a chance to accept and send b'helo' + time.sleep(0.1) + + data = yield from self.recv_all(sock, 4) + self.assertEqual(data, b'helo') + yield from self.loop.sock_sendall(sock, PAYLOAD) + + srv_sock = socket.socket() + srv_sock.settimeout(TIMEOUT) + srv_sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0)) + srv_addr = srv_sock.getsockname() + + srv = Server(srv_sock=srv_sock, daemon=True) + srv.start() + + try: + self.loop.run_until_complete( + asyncio.wait_for(client(srv_addr), loop=self.loop, + timeout=TIMEOUT)) + finally: + srv.join() + + if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() debian/patches/bpo-27945.diff0000664000000000000000000002167413145624017012736 0ustar Description: Backport dict segfault patch from 3.6 There are a few different related segfault issues related to dicts that show up during module loading in heavy use of Ansible under python3.5. They have been fixed upstream in 3.6 and backported upstream to 3.5. . python3.5 (3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.2) xenial; urgency=medium . * Import backported dict segfault patch for http://bugs.python.org/issue27945 Origin: upstream, https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/2f7f533cf6fb57fcedcbc7bd454ac59fbaf2c655 Bug: http://bugs.python.org/issue27945 Forwarded: not-needed Last-Update: 2017-08-18 --- a/Lib/test/test_dict.py +++ b/Lib/test/test_dict.py @@ -958,6 +958,92 @@ support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.values()), dict) support.check_free_after_iterating(self, lambda d: iter(d.items()), dict) + def test_equal_operator_modifying_operand(self): + # test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 3. + class X(): + def __del__(self): + dict_b.clear() + + def __eq__(self, other): + dict_a.clear() + return True + + def __hash__(self): + return 13 + + dict_a = {X(): 0} + dict_b = {X(): X()} + self.assertTrue(dict_a == dict_b) + + def test_fromkeys_operator_modifying_dict_operand(self): + # test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 4a. + class X(int): + def __hash__(self): + return 13 + + def __eq__(self, other): + if len(d) > 1: + d.clear() + return False + + d = {} # this is required to exist so that d can be constructed! + d = {X(1): 1, X(2): 2} + try: + dict.fromkeys(d) # shouldn't crash + except RuntimeError: # implementation defined + pass + + def test_fromkeys_operator_modifying_set_operand(self): + # test fix for seg fault reported in issue 27945 part 4b. + class X(int): + def __hash__(self): + return 13 + + def __eq__(self, other): + if len(d) > 1: + d.clear() + return False + + d = {} # this is required to exist so that d can be constructed! + d = {X(1), X(2)} + try: + dict.fromkeys(d) # shouldn't crash + except RuntimeError: # implementation defined + pass + + def test_dictitems_contains_use_after_free(self): + class X: + def __eq__(self, other): + d.clear() + return NotImplemented + + d = {0: set()} + (0, X()) in d.items() + + def test_init_use_after_free(self): + class X: + def __hash__(self): + pair[:] = [] + return 13 + + pair = [X(), 123] + dict([pair]) + + def test_oob_indexing_dictiter_iternextitem(self): + class X(int): + def __del__(self): + d.clear() + + d = {i: X(i) for i in range(8)} + + def iter_and_mutate(): + for result in d.items(): + if result[0] == 2: + d[2] = None # free d[2] --> X(2).__del__ was called + + self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, iter_and_mutate) + + from test import mapping_tests class GeneralMappingTests(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol): --- a/Misc/ACKS +++ b/Misc/ACKS @@ -524,6 +524,7 @@ Kim Gräsman Nathaniel Gray Eddy De Greef +Duane Griffin Grant Griffin Andrea Griffini Duncan Grisby --- a/Objects/dictobject.c +++ b/Objects/dictobject.c @@ -790,56 +790,61 @@ PyDictKeyEntry *ep; assert(key != dummy); + Py_INCREF(key); + Py_INCREF(value); if (mp->ma_values != NULL && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) { if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) - return -1; + goto Fail; } ep = mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup(mp, key, hash, &value_addr); - if (ep == NULL) { - return -1; - } + if (ep == NULL) + goto Fail; + assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict); - Py_INCREF(value); MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value); old_value = *value_addr; if (old_value != NULL) { assert(ep->me_key != NULL && ep->me_key != dummy); *value_addr = value; Py_DECREF(old_value); /* which **CAN** re-enter (see issue #22653) */ + Py_DECREF(key); } else { if (ep->me_key == NULL) { - Py_INCREF(key); if (mp->ma_keys->dk_usable <= 0) { /* Need to resize. */ - if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) { - Py_DECREF(key); - Py_DECREF(value); - return -1; - } + if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) + goto Fail; ep = find_empty_slot(mp, key, hash, &value_addr); } + mp->ma_used++; + *value_addr = value; mp->ma_keys->dk_usable--; assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_usable >= 0); ep->me_key = key; ep->me_hash = hash; + assert(ep->me_key != NULL && ep->me_key != dummy); } else { + mp->ma_used++; + *value_addr = value; if (ep->me_key == dummy) { - Py_INCREF(key); ep->me_key = key; ep->me_hash = hash; Py_DECREF(dummy); } else { assert(_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)); + Py_DECREF(key); } } - mp->ma_used++; - *value_addr = value; - assert(ep->me_key != NULL && ep->me_key != dummy); } return 0; + +Fail: + Py_DECREF(value); + Py_DECREF(key); + return -1; } /* @@ -2012,11 +2017,18 @@ /* Update/merge with this (key, value) pair. */ key = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(fast, 0); value = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(fast, 1); + Py_INCREF(key); + Py_INCREF(value); if (override || PyDict_GetItem(d, key) == NULL) { int status = PyDict_SetItem(d, key, value); - if (status < 0) + if (status < 0) { + Py_DECREF(key); + Py_DECREF(value); goto Fail; + } } + Py_DECREF(key); + Py_DECREF(value); Py_DECREF(fast); Py_DECREF(item); } @@ -2275,14 +2287,15 @@ bval = NULL; else bval = *vaddr; - Py_DECREF(key); if (bval == NULL) { + Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(aval); if (PyErr_Occurred()) return -1; return 0; } cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(aval, bval, Py_EQ); + Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(aval); if (cmp <= 0) /* error or not equal */ return cmp; @@ -3106,7 +3119,7 @@ static PyObject *dictiter_iternextitem(dictiterobject *di) { - PyObject *key, *value, *result = di->di_result; + PyObject *key, *value, *result; Py_ssize_t i, mask, offset; PyDictObject *d = di->di_dict; PyObject **value_ptr; @@ -3142,22 +3155,27 @@ if (i > mask) goto fail; - if (result->ob_refcnt == 1) { + di->len--; + key = d->ma_keys->dk_entries[i].me_key; + value = *value_ptr; + Py_INCREF(key); + Py_INCREF(value); + result = di->di_result; + if (Py_REFCNT(result) == 1) { + PyObject *oldkey = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 0); + PyObject *oldvalue = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 1); + PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, key); /* steals reference */ + PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 1, value); /* steals reference */ Py_INCREF(result); - Py_DECREF(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 0)); - Py_DECREF(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 1)); + Py_DECREF(oldkey); + Py_DECREF(oldvalue); } else { result = PyTuple_New(2); if (result == NULL) return NULL; + PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, key); /* steals reference */ + PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 1, value); /* steals reference */ } - di->len--; - key = d->ma_keys->dk_entries[i].me_key; - value = *value_ptr; - Py_INCREF(key); - Py_INCREF(value); - PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, key); /* steals reference */ - PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 1, value); /* steals reference */ return result; fail: @@ -3650,6 +3668,7 @@ static int dictitems_contains(_PyDictViewObject *dv, PyObject *obj) { + int result; PyObject *key, *value, *found; if (dv->dv_dict == NULL) return 0; @@ -3663,7 +3682,10 @@ return -1; return 0; } - return PyObject_RichCompareBool(value, found, Py_EQ); + Py_INCREF(found); + result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(value, found, Py_EQ); + Py_DECREF(found); + return result; } static PySequenceMethods dictitems_as_sequence = { debian/patches/tempfile-minimal.diff0000664000000000000000000001374012726307751014721 0ustar # DP: Avoid shutil import when it is not available. Index: b/Lib/tempfile.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/tempfile.py +++ b/Lib/tempfile.py @@ -40,7 +40,146 @@ import functools as _functools import warnings as _warnings import io as _io import os as _os -import shutil as _shutil +try: + import shutil as _shutil + _rmtree = _shutil.rmtree +except ImportError: + import sys as _sys + import stat as _stat + # version vulnerable to race conditions + def _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror): + try: + if _os.path.islink(path): + # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669 + raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link") + except OSError: + onerror(_os.path.islink, path, _sys.exc_info()) + # can't continue even if onerror hook returns + return + names = [] + try: + names = _os.listdir(path) + except OSError: + onerror(_os.listdir, path, _sys.exc_info()) + for name in names: + fullname = _os.path.join(path, name) + try: + mode = _os.lstat(fullname).st_mode + except OSError: + mode = 0 + if _stat.S_ISDIR(mode): + _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror) + else: + try: + _os.unlink(fullname) + except OSError: + onerror(_os.unlink, fullname, _sys.exc_info()) + try: + _os.rmdir(path) + except OSError: + onerror(_os.rmdir, path, _sys.exc_info()) + + # Version using fd-based APIs to protect against races + def _rmtree_safe_fd(topfd, path, onerror): + names = [] + try: + names = _os.listdir(topfd) + except OSError as err: + err.filename = path + onerror(_os.listdir, path, _sys.exc_info()) + for name in names: + fullname = _os.path.join(path, name) + try: + orig_st = _os.stat(name, dir_fd=topfd, follow_symlinks=False) + mode = orig_st.st_mode + except OSError: + mode = 0 + if _stat.S_ISDIR(mode): + try: + dirfd = _os.open(name, _os.O_RDONLY, dir_fd=topfd) + except OSError: + onerror(_os.open, fullname, _sys.exc_info()) + else: + try: + if _os.path.samestat(orig_st, _os.fstat(dirfd)): + _rmtree_safe_fd(dirfd, fullname, onerror) + try: + _os.rmdir(name, dir_fd=topfd) + except OSError: + onerror(_os.rmdir, fullname, _sys.exc_info()) + else: + try: + # This can only happen if someone replaces + # a directory with a symlink after the call to + # stat.S_ISDIR above. + raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic " + "link") + except OSError: + onerror(_os.path.islink, fullname, _sys.exc_info()) + finally: + _os.close(dirfd) + else: + try: + _os.unlink(name, dir_fd=topfd) + except OSError: + onerror(_os.unlink, fullname, _sys.exc_info()) + + _use_fd_functions = ({_os.open, _os.stat, _os.unlink, _os.rmdir} <= + _os.supports_dir_fd and + _os.listdir in _os.supports_fd and + _os.stat in _os.supports_follow_symlinks) + + def _rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None): + """Recursively delete a directory tree. + + If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror + is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func, + path, exc_info) where func is platform and implementation dependent; + path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and + exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info(). If ignore_errors + is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised. + + """ + if ignore_errors: + def onerror(*args): + pass + elif onerror is None: + def onerror(*args): + raise + if _use_fd_functions: + # While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not. + if isinstance(path, bytes): + path = _os.fsdecode(path) + # Note: To guard against symlink races, we use the standard + # lstat()/open()/fstat() trick. + try: + orig_st = _os.lstat(path) + except Exception: + onerror(_os.lstat, path, _sys.exc_info()) + return + try: + fd = _os.open(path, _os.O_RDONLY) + except Exception: + onerror(_os.lstat, path, _sys.exc_info()) + return + try: + if _os.path.samestat(orig_st, _os.fstat(fd)): + _rmtree_safe_fd(fd, path, onerror) + try: + _os.rmdir(path) + except OSError: + onerror(_os.rmdir, path, _sys.exc_info()) + else: + try: + # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669 + raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link") + except OSError: + onerror(_os.path.islink, path, _sys.exc_info()) + finally: + _os.close(fd) + else: + return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror) + import errno as _errno from random import Random as _Random import weakref as _weakref @@ -794,7 +933,7 @@ class TemporaryDirectory(object): @classmethod def _cleanup(cls, name, warn_message): - _shutil.rmtree(name) + _rmtree(name) _warnings.warn(warn_message, ResourceWarning) @@ -809,4 +948,4 @@ class TemporaryDirectory(object): def cleanup(self): if self._finalizer.detach(): - _shutil.rmtree(self.name) + _rmtree(self.name) debian/patches/no-large-file-support.diff0000664000000000000000000000075212714073702015613 0ustar # DP: disable large file support for GNU/Hurd Index: b/configure.ac =================================================================== --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -1979,6 +1979,11 @@ if test "$sol_lfs_bug" = "yes"; then use_lfs=no fi +# Don't use largefile support for GNU/Hurd +case $ac_sys_system in GNU*) + use_lfs=no +esac + if test "$use_lfs" = "yes"; then # Two defines needed to enable largefile support on various platforms # These may affect some typedefs debian/patches/disable-sem-check.diff0000664000000000000000000000236012726307713014722 0ustar # DP: Assume working semaphores, don't rely on running kernel for the check. Index: b/configure.ac =================================================================== --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -4303,8 +4303,13 @@ int main(void) { AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_posix_semaphores_enabled) if test $ac_cv_posix_semaphores_enabled = no then - AC_DEFINE(POSIX_SEMAPHORES_NOT_ENABLED, 1, - [Define if POSIX semaphores aren't enabled on your system]) + case $ac_sys_system in + Linux*) # assume yes, see https://launchpad.net/bugs/630511 + ;; + *) + AC_DEFINE(POSIX_SEMAPHORES_NOT_ENABLED, 1, + [Define if POSIX semaphores aren't enabled on your system]) + esac fi # Multiprocessing check for broken sem_getvalue @@ -4339,8 +4344,13 @@ int main(void){ AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_broken_sem_getvalue) if test $ac_cv_broken_sem_getvalue = yes then - AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BROKEN_SEM_GETVALUE, 1, - [define to 1 if your sem_getvalue is broken.]) + case $ac_sys_system in + Linux*) # assume yes, see https://launchpad.net/bugs/630511 + ;; + *) + AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BROKEN_SEM_GETVALUE, 1, + [define to 1 if your sem_getvalue is broken.]) + esac fi # determine what size digit to use for Python's longs debian/patches/test-no-random-order.diff0000664000000000000000000000105112512306330015421 0ustar # DP: Don't run the test suite in random order. Index: b/Tools/scripts/run_tests.py =================================================================== --- a/Tools/scripts/run_tests.py +++ b/Tools/scripts/run_tests.py @@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ def main(regrtest_args): args.extend(['-W', 'error::BytesWarning']) args.extend(['-m', 'test', # Run the test suite - '-r', # Randomize test order '-w', # Re-run failed tests in verbose mode ]) if sys.platform == 'win32': debian/patches/locale-module.diff0000664000000000000000000000160112726307655014206 0ustar # DP: * Lib/locale.py: # DP: - Don't map 'utf8', 'utf-8' to 'utf', which is not a known encoding # DP: for glibc. Index: b/Lib/locale.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/locale.py +++ b/Lib/locale.py @@ -1335,8 +1335,8 @@ locale_alias = { 'ug_cn': 'ug_CN.UTF-8', 'uk': 'uk_UA.KOI8-U', 'uk_ua': 'uk_UA.KOI8-U', - 'univ': 'en_US.utf', - 'universal': 'en_US.utf', + 'univ': 'en_US.UTF-8', + 'universal': 'en_US.UTF-8', 'universal.utf8@ucs4': 'en_US.UTF-8', 'unm_us': 'unm_US.UTF-8', 'ur': 'ur_PK.CP1256', debian/patches/profiled-build.diff0000664000000000000000000000134212714073670014361 0ustar # DP: Ignore errors in the profile task. Index: b/Makefile.pre.in =================================================================== --- a/Makefile.pre.in +++ b/Makefile.pre.in @@ -510,6 +510,16 @@ build_all_generate_profile: run_profile_task: : # FIXME: can't run for a cross build $(LLVM_PROF_FILE) $(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $(PROFILE_TASK) || true + task="$(PROFILE_TASK)"; \ + case "$$task" in \ + *-s\ *) \ + $(LLVM_PROF_FILE) $(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $$task; \ + while [ -f $(srcdir)/build/pynexttest ]; do \ + $(LLVM_PROF_FILE) $(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $$task; \ + done;; \ + *) \ + $(LLVM_PROF_FILE) $(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $$task; \ + esac build_all_merge_profile: $(LLVM_PROF_MERGER) debian/patches/reproducible-buildinfo.diff0000664000000000000000000000115712714073750016113 0ustar # DP: Build getbuildinfo.o with DATE/TIME values when defined Index: b/Makefile.pre.in =================================================================== --- a/Makefile.pre.in +++ b/Makefile.pre.in @@ -755,6 +755,8 @@ Modules/getbuildinfo.o: $(PARSER_OBJS) \ -DHGVERSION="\"`LC_ALL=C $(HGVERSION)`\"" \ -DHGTAG="\"`LC_ALL=C $(HGTAG)`\"" \ -DHGBRANCH="\"`LC_ALL=C $(HGBRANCH)`\"" \ + $(if $(BUILD_DATE),-DDATE='"$(BUILD_DATE)"') \ + $(if $(BUILD_TIME),-DTIME='"$(BUILD_TIME)"') \ -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/getbuildinfo.c Modules/getpath.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/getpath.c Makefile debian/patches/makesetup-bashism.diff0000664000000000000000000000073612343332266015105 0ustar # DP: Fix bashism in makesetup shell script Index: b/Modules/makesetup =================================================================== --- a/Modules/makesetup +++ b/Modules/makesetup @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ sed -e 's/[ ]*#.*//' -e '/^[ ]*$/d' | -) ;; *) sedf="@sed.in.$$" trap 'rm -f $sedf' 0 1 2 3 - echo "1i\\" >$sedf + printf "1i\\" >$sedf str="# Generated automatically from $makepre by makesetup." echo "$str" >>$sedf echo "s%_MODOBJS_%$OBJS%" >>$sedf debian/patches/enable-fpectl.diff0000664000000000000000000000110612714073677014166 0ustar # DP: Enable the build of the fpectl module. Index: b/setup.py =================================================================== --- a/setup.py +++ b/setup.py @@ -1370,6 +1370,9 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext): else: missing.append('_curses_panel') + #fpectl fpectlmodule.c ... + exts.append( Extension('fpectl', ['fpectlmodule.c']) ) + # Andrew Kuchling's zlib module. Note that some versions of zlib # 1.1.3 have security problems. See CERT Advisory CA-2002-07: # http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2002-07.html debian/patches/multiarch-extname.diff0000664000000000000000000000752712526611414015115 0ustar # DP: Make sure to rename extensions to a tag including the MULTIARCH name this patch can be dropped for python3.5 final, if the upstream chage is kept. Index: b/Lib/distutils/dir_util.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/dir_util.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/dir_util.py @@ -96,6 +96,9 @@ def create_tree(base_dir, files, mode=0o for dir in sorted(need_dir): mkpath(dir, mode, verbose=verbose, dry_run=dry_run) +import sysconfig +_multiarch = None + def copy_tree(src, dst, preserve_mode=1, preserve_times=1, preserve_symlinks=0, update=0, verbose=1, dry_run=0): """Copy an entire directory tree 'src' to a new location 'dst'. @@ -131,6 +134,13 @@ def copy_tree(src, dst, preserve_mode=1, raise DistutilsFileError( "error listing files in '%s': %s" % (src, e.strerror)) + ext_suffix = sysconfig.get_config_var ('EXT_SUFFIX') + _multiarch = sysconfig.get_config_var ('MULTIARCH') + if ext_suffix.endswith(_multiarch + ext_suffix[-3:]): + new_suffix = None + else: + new_suffix = "%s-%s%s" % (ext_suffix[:-3], _multiarch, ext_suffix[-3:]) + if not dry_run: mkpath(dst, verbose=verbose) @@ -139,6 +149,9 @@ def copy_tree(src, dst, preserve_mode=1, for n in names: src_name = os.path.join(src, n) dst_name = os.path.join(dst, n) + if new_suffix and _multiarch and n.endswith(ext_suffix) and not n.endswith(new_suffix): + dst_name = os.path.join(dst, n.replace(ext_suffix, new_suffix)) + log.info("renaming extension %s -> %s", n, n.replace(ext_suffix, new_suffix)) if n.startswith('.nfs'): # skip NFS rename files Index: b/Lib/distutils/command/install_lib.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/command/install_lib.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/command/install_lib.py @@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ class install_lib(Command): self.compile = None self.optimize = None self.skip_build = None + self.multiarch = None # if we should rename the extensions def finalize_options(self): # Get all the information we need to install pure Python modules @@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ class install_lib(Command): ('compile', 'compile'), ('optimize', 'optimize'), ('skip_build', 'skip_build'), + ('multiarch', 'multiarch'), ) if self.compile is None: @@ -108,6 +110,8 @@ class install_lib(Command): def install(self): if os.path.isdir(self.build_dir): + import distutils.dir_util + distutils.dir_util._multiarch = self.multiarch outfiles = self.copy_tree(self.build_dir, self.install_dir) else: self.warn("'%s' does not exist -- no Python modules to install" % Index: b/Lib/distutils/command/install.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/command/install.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/command/install.py @@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ class install(Command): # enable custom installation, known values: deb self.install_layout = None + self.multiarch = None self.compile = None self.optimize = None @@ -449,6 +450,8 @@ class install(Command): self.install_platbase = self.exec_prefix if self.install_layout: if self.install_layout.lower() in ['deb']: + import sysconfig + self.multiarch = sysconfig.get_config_var('MULTIARCH') self.select_scheme("deb_system") elif self.install_layout.lower() in ['unix']: self.select_scheme("unix_prefix") debian/patches/ensurepip-disabled.diff0000664000000000000000000000650612726307761015252 0ustar # DP: Disable ensurepip for the system installation, only enable it for virtual environments. Index: b/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py +++ b/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py @@ -8,6 +8,34 @@ import tempfile __all__ = ["version", "bootstrap"] +def _ensurepip_is_disabled_in_debian_for_system(): + # Detect if ensurepip is being executed inside of a python-virtualenv + # environment and return early if so. + if hasattr(sys, 'real_prefix'): + return + + # Detect if ensurepip is being executed inside of a stdlib venv + # environment and return early if so. + if sys.prefix != getattr(sys, "base_prefix", sys.prefix): + return + + # If we've gotten here, then we are running inside of the system Python + # and we don't want to use ensurepip to install into the system Python + # so instead we'll redirect the user to using dpkg and apt-get. + print('''\ +ensurepip is disabled in Debian/Ubuntu for the system python. + +Python modules for the system python are usually handled by dpkg and apt-get. + + apt-get install python- + +Install the python-pip package to use pip itself. Using pip together +with the system python might have unexpected results for any system installed +module, so use it on your own risk, or make sure to only use it in virtual +environments. +''') + sys.exit(1) + # pip currently requires ssl support, so we try to provide a nicer # error message when that is missing (http://bugs.python.org/issue19744) @@ -69,6 +97,11 @@ def bootstrap(*, root=None, upgrade=Fals Note that calling this function will alter both sys.path and os.environ. """ + + # Ensure that we are only running this inside of a virtual environment + # of some kind. + _ensurepip_is_disabled_in_debian_for_system() + if altinstall and default_pip: raise ValueError("Cannot use altinstall and default_pip together") Index: b/Lib/venv/__init__.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/venv/__init__.py +++ b/Lib/venv/__init__.py @@ -252,7 +252,28 @@ class EnvBuilder: # intended for the global Python environment cmd = [context.env_exe, '-Im', 'ensurepip', '--upgrade', '--default-pip'] - subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) + # Debian 2015-09-18 barry@debian.org: -venv is a separate + # binary package which might not be installed. In that case, the + # following command will produce an unhelpful error. Let's make it + # more user friendly. + try: + subprocess.check_output( + cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, + universal_newlines=True) + except subprocess.CalledProcessError: + print("""\ +The virtual environment was not created successfully because ensurepip is not +available. On Debian/Ubuntu systems, you need to install the python3-venv +package using the following command. + + apt-get install python3-venv + +You may need to use sudo with that command. After installing the python3-venv +package, recreate your virtual environment. + +Failing command: {} +""".format(cmd)) + sys.exit(1) def setup_scripts(self, context): """ debian/patches/hg-updates.diff0000664000000000000000000000027112734143151013513 0ustar # DP: updates from the 3.5 branch (until 2016-xx-xx, 101820:eeb742d8bf9c). # hg diff -r v3.5.2 | filterdiff --exclude=.hgignore --exclude=.hgeol --exclude=.hgtags --remove-timestamps debian/patches/gdbm-import.diff0000664000000000000000000000053312245437634013705 0ustar # DP: suggest installation of python3-gdbm package on failing _gdbm import --- a/Lib/dbm/gnu.py +++ b/Lib/dbm/gnu.py @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ """Provide the _gdbm module as a dbm submodule.""" -from _gdbm import * +try: + from _gdbm import * +except ImportError as msg: + raise ImportError(str(msg) + ', please install the python3-gdbm package') debian/patches/doc-faq.dpatch0000664000000000000000000000251012244115414013312 0ustar #! /bin/sh -e # DP: Mention the FAQ on the documentation index page. dir= if [ $# -eq 3 -a "$2" = '-d' ]; then pdir="-d $3" dir="$3/" elif [ $# -ne 1 ]; then echo >&2 "usage: `basename $0`: -patch|-unpatch [-d ]" exit 1 fi case "$1" in -patch) patch $pdir -f --no-backup-if-mismatch -p0 < $0 ;; -unpatch) patch $pdir -f --no-backup-if-mismatch -R -p0 < $0 ;; *) echo >&2 "usage: `basename $0`: -patch|-unpatch [-d ]" exit 1 esac exit 0 --- Doc/html/index.html.in~ 2002-04-01 18:11:27.000000000 +0200 +++ Doc/html/index.html.in 2003-04-05 13:33:35.000000000 +0200 @@ -123,6 +123,24 @@ + + +   +

+ + +   + + +

debian/patches/ctypes-arm.diff0000664000000000000000000000273612714073714013553 0ustar Index: b/Lib/ctypes/util.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/ctypes/util.py +++ b/Lib/ctypes/util.py @@ -208,16 +208,27 @@ elif os.name == "posix": def _findSoname_ldconfig(name): import struct + # XXX this code assumes that we know all unames and that a single + # ABI is supported per uname; instead we should find what the + # ABI is (e.g. check ABI of current process) or simply ask libc + # to load the library for us + uname = os.uname() + # ARM has a variety of unames, e.g. armv7l + if uname.machine.startswith("arm"): + machine = "arm" if struct.calcsize('l') == 4: - machine = os.uname().machine + '-32' + machine = uname.machine + '-32' else: - machine = os.uname().machine + '-64' + machine = uname.machine + '-64' mach_map = { 'x86_64-64': 'libc6,x86-64', 'ppc64-64': 'libc6,64bit', 'sparc64-64': 'libc6,64bit', 's390x-64': 'libc6,64bit', 'ia64-64': 'libc6,IA-64', + # this actually breaks on biarch or multiarch as the first + # library wins; uname doesn't tell us which ABI we're using + 'arm-32': 'libc6(,hard-float)?', } abi_type = mach_map.get(machine, 'libc6') debian/patches/lib2to3-no-pickled-grammar.diff0000664000000000000000000000110512244115414016371 0ustar --- a/Lib/lib2to3/pgen2/driver.py +++ b/Lib/lib2to3/pgen2/driver.py @@ -119,7 +119,10 @@ if force or not _newer(gp, gt): logger.info("Generating grammar tables from %s", gt) g = pgen.generate_grammar(gt) - if save: + # the pickle files mismatch, when built on different architectures. + # don't save these for now. An alternative solution might be to + # include the multiarch triplet into the file name + if False: logger.info("Writing grammar tables to %s", gp) try: g.dump(gp) debian/patches/link-opt.diff0000664000000000000000000000170112714073656013220 0ustar # DP: Call the linker with -O1 -Bsymbolic-functions Index: b/configure.ac =================================================================== --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -2369,8 +2369,8 @@ then fi ;; Linux*|GNU*|QNX*) - LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared' - LDCXXSHARED='$(CXX) -shared';; + LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions' + LDCXXSHARED='$(CXX) -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions';; BSD/OS*/4*) LDSHARED="gcc -shared" LDCXXSHARED="g++ -shared";; @@ -2468,7 +2468,7 @@ then LINKFORSHARED="-Wl,-E -Wl,+s";; # LINKFORSHARED="-Wl,-E -Wl,+s -Wl,+b\$(BINLIBDEST)/lib-dynload";; BSD/OS/4*) LINKFORSHARED="-Xlinker -export-dynamic";; - Linux*|GNU*) LINKFORSHARED="-Xlinker -export-dynamic";; + Linux*|GNU*) LINKFORSHARED="-Xlinker -export-dynamic -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions";; # -u libsys_s pulls in all symbols in libsys Darwin/*) LINKFORSHARED="$extra_undefs -framework CoreFoundation" debian/patches/distutils-sysconfig.diff0000664000000000000000000000433412512305635015505 0ustar # DP: Get CONFIGURE_CFLAGS, CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS, CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS from # DP: the python build, when CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, LDSHARED) are not set # DP: in the environment. Index: b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py @@ -180,9 +180,11 @@ def customize_compiler(compiler): _osx_support.customize_compiler(_config_vars) _config_vars['CUSTOMIZED_OSX_COMPILER'] = 'True' - (cc, cxx, opt, cflags, ccshared, ldshared, shlib_suffix, ar, ar_flags) = \ + (cc, cxx, opt, cflags, ccshared, ldshared, shlib_suffix, ar, ar_flags, + configure_cppflags, configure_cflags, configure_ldflags) = \ get_config_vars('CC', 'CXX', 'OPT', 'CFLAGS', - 'CCSHARED', 'LDSHARED', 'SHLIB_SUFFIX', 'AR', 'ARFLAGS') + 'CCSHARED', 'LDSHARED', 'SHLIB_SUFFIX', 'AR', 'ARFLAGS', + 'CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS', 'CONFIGURE_CFLAGS', 'CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS') if 'CC' in os.environ: newcc = os.environ['CC'] @@ -203,13 +205,22 @@ def customize_compiler(compiler): cpp = cc + " -E" # not always if 'LDFLAGS' in os.environ: ldshared = ldshared + ' ' + os.environ['LDFLAGS'] + elif configure_ldflags: + ldshared = ldshared + ' ' + configure_ldflags if 'CFLAGS' in os.environ: cflags = opt + ' ' + os.environ['CFLAGS'] ldshared = ldshared + ' ' + os.environ['CFLAGS'] + elif configure_cflags: + cflags = opt + ' ' + configure_cflags + ldshared = ldshared + ' ' + configure_cflags if 'CPPFLAGS' in os.environ: cpp = cpp + ' ' + os.environ['CPPFLAGS'] cflags = cflags + ' ' + os.environ['CPPFLAGS'] ldshared = ldshared + ' ' + os.environ['CPPFLAGS'] + elif configure_cppflags: + cpp = cpp + ' ' + configure_cppflags + cflags = cflags + ' ' + configure_cppflags + ldshared = ldshared + ' ' + configure_cppflags if 'AR' in os.environ: ar = os.environ['AR'] if 'ARFLAGS' in os.environ: debian/patches/deb-setup.diff0000664000000000000000000000310012714073636013344 0ustar # DP: Don't include /usr/local/include and /usr/local/lib as gcc search paths Index: b/setup.py =================================================================== --- a/setup.py +++ b/setup.py @@ -270,8 +270,10 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext): # unfortunately, distutils doesn't let us provide separate C and C++ # compilers if compiler is not None: - (ccshared,cflags) = sysconfig.get_config_vars('CCSHARED','CFLAGS') - args['compiler_so'] = compiler + ' ' + ccshared + ' ' + cflags + (ccshared, cppflags, cflags) = \ + sysconfig.get_config_vars('CCSHARED', 'CPPFLAGS', 'CFLAGS') + cppflags = ' '.join([f for f in cppflags.split() if not f.startswith('-I')]) + args['compiler_so'] = compiler + ' ' + ccshared + ' ' + cppflags + ' ' + cflags self.compiler.set_executables(**args) build_ext.build_extensions(self) @@ -488,12 +490,7 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext): return ['m'] def detect_modules(self): - # Ensure that /usr/local is always used, but the local build - # directories (i.e. '.' and 'Include') must be first. See issue - # 10520. - if not cross_compiling: - add_dir_to_list(self.compiler.library_dirs, '/usr/local/lib') - add_dir_to_list(self.compiler.include_dirs, '/usr/local/include') + # On Debian /usr/local is always used, so we don't include it twice # only change this for cross builds for 3.3, issues on Mageia if cross_compiling: self.add_gcc_paths() debian/patches/disable-some-tests.diff0000664000000000000000000000112612512306363015156 0ustar # DP: Disable some failing tests we are not interested in Index: b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_build_ext.py =================================================================== --- a/Lib/distutils/tests/test_build_ext.py +++ b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_build_ext.py @@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class BuildExtTestCase(TempdirManager, build_ext.USER_BASE = self.old_user_base super(BuildExtTestCase, self).tearDown() + @unittest.skip('Skipping failing Solaris test') def test_solaris_enable_shared(self): dist = Distribution({'name': 'xx'}) cmd = self.build_ext(dist) debian/patches/lto-link-flags.diff0000664000000000000000000000201012726307724014277 0ustar Index: b/Makefile.pre.in =================================================================== --- a/Makefile.pre.in +++ b/Makefile.pre.in @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ CONFINCLUDEPY= $(CONFINCLUDEDIR)/python$ SHLIB_SUFFIX= @SHLIB_SUFFIX@ EXT_SUFFIX= @EXT_SUFFIX@ LDSHARED= @LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS) -BLDSHARED= @BLDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS) +BLDSHARED= @BLDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS) LDCXXSHARED= @LDCXXSHARED@ DESTSHARED= $(BINLIBDEST)/lib-dynload @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ clinic: $(BUILDPYTHON) # Build the interpreter $(BUILDPYTHON): Programs/python.o $(LIBRARY) $(LDLIBRARY) $(PY3LIBRARY) - $(LINKCC) $(PY_LDFLAGS) $(LINKFORSHARED) -o $@ Programs/python.o $(BLDLIBRARY) $(LIBS) $(MODLIBS) $(SYSLIBS) $(LDLAST) + $(LINKCC) $(PY_LDFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS) $(LINKFORSHARED) -o $@ Programs/python.o $(BLDLIBRARY) $(LIBS) $(MODLIBS) $(SYSLIBS) $(LDLAST) platform: $(BUILDPYTHON) pybuilddir.txt $(RUNSHARED) $(PYTHON_FOR_BUILD) -c 'import sys ; from sysconfig import get_platform ; print(get_platform()+"-"+sys.version[0:3])' >platform debian/source.lintian-overrides0000664000000000000000000000012212736724407014057 0ustar # generated during the build python3.5 source: quilt-build-dep-but-no-series-file debian/PVER-venv.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000133412642757417012414 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e remove_bytecode() { pkg=$1 max=$(LANG=C LC_ALL=C xargs --show-limits < /dev/null 2>&1 | awk '/Maximum length/ {print int($NF / 4)}') dpkg -L $pkg \ | awk -F/ 'BEGIN {OFS="/"} /\.py$/ {$NF=sprintf("__pycache__/%s.*.py[co]", substr($NF,1,length($NF)-3)); print}' \ | xargs --max-chars="$max" echo \ | while read files; do rm -f $files; done find /usr/lib/@PVER@/ensurepip \ -name __pycache__ -type d -empty -print \ | xargs -r rm -rf } case "$1" in remove) remove_bytecode @PVER@-venv ;; upgrade) ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/python3-config.10000664000000000000000000000377212244115414012130 0ustar .TH PYTHON\-CONFIG 1 "November 27, 2011" .SH NAME python\-config \- output build options for python C/C++ extensions or embedding .SH SYNOPSIS .BI "python\-config" [ .BI "\-\-prefix" ] [ .BI "\-\-exec\-prefix" ] [ .BI "\-\-includes" ] [ .BI "\-\-libs" ] [ .BI "\-\-cflags" ] [ .BI "\-\-ldflags" ] [ .BI "\-\-extension\-suffix" ] [ .BI "\-\-abiflags" ] [ .BI "\-\-help" ] .SH DESCRIPTION .B python\-config helps compiling and linking programs, which embed the Python interpreter, or extension modules that can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter. .SH OPTIONS .TP .BI "\-\-abiflags" print the the ABI flags as specified by PEP 3149. .TP .BI "\-\-cflags" print the C compiler flags. .TP .BI "\-\-ldflags" print the flags that should be passed to the linker. .TP .BI "\-\-includes" similar to \fI\-\-cflags\fP but only with \-I options (path to python header files). .TP .BI "\-\-libs" similar to \fI\-\-ldflags\fP but only with \-l options (used libraries). .TP .BI "\-\-prefix" prints the prefix (base directory) under which python can be found. .TP .BI "\-\-exec\-prefix" print the prefix used for executable program directories (such as bin, sbin, etc). .TP .BI "\-\-extension\-suffix" print the extension suffix used for binary extensions. .TP .BI "\-\-help" print the usage message. .PP .SH EXAMPLES To build the singe\-file c program \fIprog\fP against the python library, use .PP .RS gcc $(python\-config \-\-cflags \-\-ldflags) progr.cpp \-o progr.cpp .RE .PP The same in a makefile: .PP .RS CFLAGS+=$(shell python\-config \-\-cflags) .RE .RS LDFLAGS+=$(shell python\-config \-\-ldflags) .RE .RS all: progr .RE To build a dynamically loadable python module, use .PP .RS gcc $(python\-config \-\-cflags \-\-ldflags) \-shared \-fPIC progr.cpp \-o progr.so .RE .SH "SEE ALSO" python (1) .br http://docs.python.org/extending/extending.html .br /usr/share/doc/python/faq/extending.html .SH AUTHORS This manual page was written by Johann Felix Soden for the Debian project (and may be used by others). debian/PVER-minimal.prerm.in0000664000000000000000000000144712244115414013050 0ustar #! /bin/sh set -e case "$1" in remove) if [ "$DEBIAN_FRONTEND" != noninteractive ]; then echo "Unlinking and removing bytecode for runtime @PVER@" fi for hook in /usr/share/python3/runtime.d/*.rtremove; do [ -x $hook ] || continue $hook rtremove @PVER@ || continue done if which update-binfmts >/dev/null; then update-binfmts --package @PVER@ --remove @PVER@ /usr/bin/@PVER@ fi localsite=/usr/local/lib/@PVER@/dist-packages [ -d $localsite ] && rmdir $localsite 2>/dev/null || true [ -d $(dirname $localsite) ] \ && rmdir $(dirname $localsite) 2>/dev/null || true ;; upgrade) ;; deconfigure) ;; failed-upgrade) ;; *) echo "prerm called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac #DEBHELPER# debian/libPVER.symbols.lpia.in0000664000000000000000000000032012244115414013367 0ustar libpython@VER@m.so.1.0 libpython@VER@ #MINVER# #include "libpython.symbols" PyModule_Create2@Base @SVER@ _Py_force_double@Base @SVER@ _Py_get_387controlword@Base @SVER@ _Py_set_387controlword@Base @SVER@ debian/2to3-3.10000664000000000000000000000201612244115414010176 0ustar .\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.40.4. .TH 2TO3-3.3 "1" "January 2012" "2to3-3.3 3.3" "User Commands" .SH NAME 2to3-3.3 \- Python2 to Python3 converter .SH SYNOPSIS .B 2to3 [\fIoptions\fR] \fIfile|dir \fR... .SH OPTIONS .TP \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR show this help message and exit .TP \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-doctests_only\fR Fix up doctests only .TP \fB\-f\fR FIX, \fB\-\-fix\fR=\fIFIX\fR Each FIX specifies a transformation; default: all .TP \fB\-j\fR PROCESSES, \fB\-\-processes\fR=\fIPROCESSES\fR Run 2to3 concurrently .TP \fB\-x\fR NOFIX, \fB\-\-nofix\fR=\fINOFIX\fR Prevent a transformation from being run .TP \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\-fixes\fR List available transformations .TP \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-print\-function\fR Modify the grammar so that print() is a function .TP \fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR More verbose logging .TP \fB\-\-no\-diffs\fR Don't show diffs of the refactoring .TP \fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-write\fR Write back modified files .TP \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-nobackups\fR Don't write backups for modified files debian/libPVER-testsuite.overrides.in0000664000000000000000000000015612244115414015013 0ustar lib@PVER@-testsuite binary: python-script-but-no-python-dep lib@PVER@-testsuite binary: image-file-in-usr-lib