ucblogo-6.1/0000775000175000017500000000000013601427050011110 5ustar jjcjjcucblogo-6.1/logolib/0000775000175000017500000000000013601420003012526 5ustar jjcjjcucblogo-6.1/logolib/ycor0000664000175000017500000000007213563251612013443 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to ycor output last pos end bury "ycor ucblogo-6.1/logolib/xcor0000664000175000017500000000007313563251612013443 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to xcor output first pos end bury "xcor ucblogo-6.1/logolib/while0000664000175000017500000000024213563251612013576 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro while :while.cond :while.instr if not run :while.cond [op []] op se :while.instr (list "while :while.cond :while.instr) end bury "while ucblogo-6.1/logolib/until0000664000175000017500000000023613563251612013624 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro until :until.cond :until.instr if run :until.cond [op []] op se :until.instr (list "until :until.cond :until.instr) end bury "until ucblogo-6.1/logolib/unburyname0000664000175000017500000000012413563251612014652 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to unburyname :names unbury namelist :names end bury "unburyname ucblogo-6.1/logolib/unburyall0000664000175000017500000000006113563251612014502 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to unburyall unbury buried end ucblogo-6.1/logolib/transfer0000664000175000017500000000101513563251612014311 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to transfer :transfer.limit :transfer.template :transfer.init output cascade.2 (ifelse emptyp :transfer.limit ~ [[emptyp ?2]] ~ [list "transfer.end.test :transfer.limit]) ~ :transfer.template [] [butfirst ?2] :transfer.init end to transfer.end.test :the.condition.expression if emptyp ?2 [output "true] output run :the.condition.expression end to ?in output first ?2 end to ?out output ?1 end bury [transfer transfer.end.test ?in ?out] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/setpen0000664000175000017500000000061313563251612013766 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to setpen :pen_data ifelse equalp first bf :pen_data "reverse ~ [penreverse] ~ [ifelse equalp first bf :pen_data "erase ~ [penerase] ~ [penpaint]] ifelse equalp first :pen_data "penup [penup] [pendown] setpensize first bf bf :pen_data setpencolor first bf bf bf :pen_data setpenpattern first bf bf bf bf :pen_data end bury [setpen] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/savel0000664000175000017500000000021413563251612013577 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to savel :cont :file [:oldwr writer] openwrite :file setwrite :file po :cont setwrite :oldwr close :file end bury "savel ucblogo-6.1/logolib/rseq0000664000175000017500000000016113563251612013440 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to rseq :a :b :n output map [[x] :a + :x * (:b - :a) / (:n - 1)] iseq 0 :n - 1 end bury "rseq ucblogo-6.1/logolib/reverse0000664000175000017500000000024013563251612014137 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to reverse :in [:out ifelse listp :in [[]] ["]] if emptyp :in [output :out] output (reverse bf :in combine first :in :out) end bury "reverse ucblogo-6.1/logolib/remove0000664000175000017500000000014513563251612013765 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to remove :thing :list output filter [not equalp ? :thing] :list end bury "remove ucblogo-6.1/logolib/remdup0000664000175000017500000000013613563251612013764 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to remdup :list output filter [not memberp ? ?rest] :list end bury "remdup ucblogo-6.1/logolib/reduce0000664000175000017500000000040013563251612013731 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to reduce :reduce.function :reduce.list if emptyp bf :reduce.list [op first :reduce.list] op apply :reduce.function (list (first :reduce.list) ~ (reduce :reduce.function bf :reduce.list)) end bury "reduce ucblogo-6.1/logolib/quoted0000664000175000017500000000014313563251612013767 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to quoted :stuff if wordp :stuff [op word "" :stuff] op :stuff end bury "quoted ucblogo-6.1/logolib/queue0000664000175000017500000000021413563251612013611 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to queue :the.queue.name :the.item.value make :the.queue.name lput :the.item.value thing :the.queue.name end bury "queue ucblogo-6.1/logolib/push0000664000175000017500000000021213563251612013442 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to push :the.stack.name :the.item.value make :the.stack.name fput :the.item.value thing :the.stack.name end bury "push ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pots0000664000175000017500000000007113563251612013453 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pots pot procedures end bury "pots ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pops0000664000175000017500000000007013563251612013446 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pops po procedures end bury "pops ucblogo-6.1/logolib/popls0000664000175000017500000000006613563251612013627 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to popls po plists end bury "popls ucblogo-6.1/logolib/popl0000664000175000017500000000025313563251612013442 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to popl :names ignore error catch "error [po pllist :names] local "err make "err error if not emptyp :err [(throw "error first bf :err)] end bury "popl ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pop0000664000175000017500000000026213563251612013266 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pop :the.stack.name local "result make "result first thing :the.stack.name make :the.stack.name butfirst thing :the.stack.name output :result end bury "pop ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pons0000664000175000017500000000006313563251612013446 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pons po names end bury "pons ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pon0000664000175000017500000000025313563251612013264 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pon :names ignore error catch "error [po namelist :names] local "err make "err error if not emptyp :err [(throw "error first bf :err)] end bury "pon ucblogo-6.1/logolib/poall0000664000175000017500000000007013563251612013574 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to poall po contents end bury "poall ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pllist0000664000175000017500000000020413563251612013773 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pllist :names if wordp :names [output (list [] [] (list :names))] output (list [] [] :names) end bury "pllist ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pick0000664000175000017500000000013113563251612013411 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pick :list output item (1+random count :list) :list end bury "pick ucblogo-6.1/logolib/pen0000664000175000017500000000021013563251612013243 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to pen op (list (ifelse pendownp ["pendown] ["penup]) ~ penmode pensize pencolor penpattern) end bury [pen] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/namelist0000664000175000017500000000017613563251612014310 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to namelist :names if wordp :names [output list [] (list :names)] output list [] :names end bury "namelist ucblogo-6.1/logolib/name0000664000175000017500000000017513563251612013413 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to name :name.value.input :name.variable.input make :name.variable.input :name.value.input end bury "name ucblogo-6.1/logolib/mdsetitem0000664000175000017500000000017213563251612014463 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to mdsetitem :index :array :val setitem last :index (mditem bl :index :array) :val end bury "mdsetitem ucblogo-6.1/logolib/mditem0000664000175000017500000000020613563251612013745 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to mditem :index :array if emptyp :index [op :array] op mditem bf :index item first :index :array end bury "mditem ucblogo-6.1/logolib/mdarray0000664000175000017500000000041713563251612014131 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to mdarray :sizes [:origin 1] local "array make "array (array first :sizes :origin) if not emptyp bf :sizes ~ [for [i :origin [:origin + (first :sizes) - 1]] ~ [setitem :i :array (mdarray bf :sizes :origin)]] output :array end bury "mdarray ucblogo-6.1/logolib/map.se0000664000175000017500000000063613563251612013660 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to map.se :map.se.template [:template.lists] 2 op map.se1 :template.lists 1 end to map.se1 :template.lists :template.number if emptyp first :template.lists [output []] output sentence (apply :map.se.template firsts :template.lists) ~ (map.se1 bfs :template.lists :template.number+1) end to ?rest [:which 1] output bf item :which :template.lists end bury [map.se map.se1 ?rest] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/map0000664000175000017500000000062713563251612013252 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to map :map.template [:template.lists] 2 op map1 :template.lists 1 end to map1 :template.lists :template.number if emptyp first :template.lists [output first :template.lists] output combine (apply :map.template firsts :template.lists) ~ (map1 bfs :template.lists :template.number+1) end to ?rest [:which 1] output bf item :which :template.lists end bury [map map1 ?rest] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/macroexpand0000664000175000017500000000054613563251612014776 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to macroexpand :expr local [name inputlist macro.result] make "name first :expr make "inputlist bf :expr if not macrop :name [(throw "error (se :name [is not a macro.]))] define "%%%$%macro.procedure text :name make "macro.result run fput "%%%$%macro.procedure :inputlist erase "%%%$%macro.procedure op :macro.result end bury "macroexpand ucblogo-6.1/logolib/localmake0000664000175000017500000000021413563251612014415 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro localmake :name :value output (list "local (word "" :name) "apply ""make (list :name :value)) end bury "localmake ucblogo-6.1/logolib/iseq0000664000175000017500000000033213563251612013427 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to iseq :a :b if not (:a > :b) [output iseq1 :a :b] output map [[x] -1 * :x] iseq1 (-1 * :a) (-1 * :b) end to iseq1 :a :b if :a > :b [output []] output fput :a iseq1 :a + 1 :b end bury [iseq iseq1] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/invoke0000664000175000017500000000020713563251612013762 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to invoke :invoked.function [:invoke.inputs] 2 .maybeoutput apply :invoked.function :invoke.inputs end bury "invoke ucblogo-6.1/logolib/ignore0000664000175000017500000000006513563251612013754 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to ignore :stuff end bury "ignore ucblogo-6.1/logolib/gensym0000664000175000017500000000027213563251612013773 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to gensym if not namep "gensym.number [make "gensym.number 0] make "gensym.number :gensym.number + 1 output word "g :gensym.number end bury [[gensym] [gensym.number]] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/foreach0000664000175000017500000000123713563251612014102 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro foreach [:foreach.inputs] 2 catch "foreach.catchtag ~ [op foreach.done runresult ~ [foreach1 bl :foreach.inputs last :foreach.inputs 1]] op [] end to foreach1 :template.lists :foreach.template :template.number if emptyp first :template.lists [throw "foreach.catchtag] apply :foreach.template firsts :template.lists .maybeoutput foreach1 bfs :template.lists :foreach.template :template.number+1 end to foreach.done :foreach.result if emptyp :foreach.result [op [stop]] op (list "output "first (list first :foreach.result)) end to ?rest [:which 1] output bf item :which :template.lists end bury [foreach foreach1 foreach.done ?rest] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/for0000664000175000017500000000155313563251612013262 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro for :for.values :for.instr ~ [:for.var first :for.values] ~ [:for.initial run first bf :for.values] ~ [:for.final run first bf bf :for.values] ~ [:for.step forstep] ~ [:for.tester (ifelse :for.step < 0 ~ [[:for.initial < :for.final]] ~ [[:for.initial > :for.final]])] local :for.var catch "for.catchtag [op for.done runresult [forloop :for.initial]] op [] end to forloop :for.initial make :for.var :for.initial if run :for.tester [throw "for.catchtag] run :for.instr .maybeoutput forloop (:for.initial + :for.step) end to for.done :for.result if emptyp :for.result [op [stop]] op (list "output "first (list first :for.result)) end to forstep if equalp count :for.values 4 [op run last :for.values] op ifelse :for.initial > :for.final [-1] [1] end bury [for forstep forloop for.done] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/find0000664000175000017500000000060213563251612013406 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to find :find.template :template.list [:template.number 1] ~ [:template.lists (list :template.list)] if emptyp :template.list [op []] if apply :find.template (list first :template.list) [op first :template.list] op (find :find.template bf :template.list :template.number+1) end to ?rest [:which 1] output bf item :which :template.lists end bury [find ?rest] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/filter0000664000175000017500000000077313563251612013764 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to filter :filter.template :template.list [:template.number 1] ~ [:template.lists (list :template.list)] if emptyp :template.list [op :template.list] if apply :filter.template (list first :template.list) ~ [op combine (first :template.list) ~ (filter :filter.template bf :template.list :template.number+1)] op (filter :filter.template bf :template.list :template.number+1) end to ?rest [:which 1] output bf item :which :template.lists end bury [filter ?rest] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/filep0000664000175000017500000000021113563251612013561 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to filep :filename ignore error catch "error [openread :filename close :filename] output emptyp error end bury "filep ucblogo-6.1/logolib/fileQ0000664000175000017500000000021113557147341013530 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to file? :filename ignore error catch "error [openread :filename close :filename] output emptyp error end bury "file? ucblogo-6.1/logolib/erpl0000664000175000017500000000010513563251612013426 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to erpl :names erase pllist :names end bury "erpl ucblogo-6.1/logolib/ern0000664000175000017500000000010513563251612013250 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to ern :names erase namelist :names end bury "ern ucblogo-6.1/logolib/emacs.debug0000664000175000017500000000162613563251612014652 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to emacs.debug :file_elisp_code :trace_or_step localmake "wr_elisp_code writer if namep "printwidthlimit [ localmake "pw_elisp_code :printwidthlimit ern "printwidthlimit] openwrite :file_elisp_code setwrite :file_elisp_code bury [[] [wr_elisp_code pw_elisp_code file_elisp_code trace_or_step] []] (foreach contents run (list :trace_or_step) [PROCEDURES: VARIABLES: PROPERTIES:] [[names debugged title] [pr :title pr [] pr map [[name] [op ifelse memberp :name :debugged [(word "\( :name "\))] [:name]]] :names pr []]]) close :file_elisp_code setwrite :wr_elisp_code if namep "pw_elisp_code [make "printwidthlimit :pw_elisp_code] end bury "emacs.debug ucblogo-6.1/logolib/edps0000664000175000017500000000007213563251612013422 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to edps edit procedures end bury "edps ucblogo-6.1/logolib/edpls0000664000175000017500000000007013563251612013574 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to edpls edit plists end bury "edpls ucblogo-6.1/logolib/edpl0000664000175000017500000000010413563251612013407 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to edpl :names edit pllist :names end bury "edpl ucblogo-6.1/logolib/edns0000664000175000017500000000006513563251612013422 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to edns edit names end bury "edns ucblogo-6.1/logolib/edn0000664000175000017500000000010413563251612013231 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to edn :names edit namelist :names end bury "edn ucblogo-6.1/logolib/edall0000664000175000017500000000007213563251612013550 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to edall edit contents end bury "edall ucblogo-6.1/logolib/do.while0000664000175000017500000000021113563251612014173 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro do.while :while.instr :while.cond op se :while.instr (list "while :while.cond :while.instr) end bury "do.while ucblogo-6.1/logolib/do.until0000664000175000017500000000021113563251612014216 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro do.until :until.instr :until.cond op se :until.instr (list "until :until.cond :until.instr) end bury "do.until ucblogo-6.1/logolib/dequeue0000664000175000017500000000027213563251612014126 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to dequeue :the.queue.name local "result make "result first thing :the.queue.name make :the.queue.name butfirst thing :the.queue.name output :result end bury "dequeue ucblogo-6.1/logolib/crossmap0000664000175000017500000000077513563251612014330 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to crossmap :cm.template [:cm.lists] 2 if emptyp bf :cm.lists [op cm1 first :cm.lists 1 []] op cm1 :cm.lists 1 [] end to cm1 :cm.lists :cm.level :template.vars if emptyp :cm.lists [op (list apply :cm.template :template.vars)] op cm2 first :cm.lists end to cm2 :cm.thislist if emptyp :cm.thislist [op []] local :cm.level make :cm.level first :cm.thislist op se (cm1 bf :cm.lists :cm.level+1 lput first :cm.thislist :template.vars) ~ (cm2 bf :cm.thislist) end bury [crossmap cm1 cm2] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/cond0000664000175000017500000000150513563251612013414 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro cond :cond.clauses localmake "cond.result cond.helper :cond.clauses if equalp first :cond.result "error [(throw "error last :cond.result)] output last :cond.result end to cond.helper :cond.clauses if emptyp :cond.clauses [output [[] []]] if emptyp first :cond.clauses [output [error [Empty COND clause]]] if equalp first first :cond.clauses "else ~ [output list [] butfirst first :cond.clauses] ignore error catch "error [localmake "cond.result run first first :cond.clauses] localmake "cond.error error if not emptyp :cond.error [output list "error item 2 :cond.error] if not memberp :cond.result [true false] ~ [output list "error fput :cond.result [not TRUE or FALSE]] if :cond.result [output list [] butfirst first :cond.clauses] output cond.helper butfirst :cond.clauses end bury [cond cond.helper] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/combine0000664000175000017500000000020113563251612014075 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to combine :this :those if wordp :those [output word :this :those] output fput :this :those end bury "combine ucblogo-6.1/logolib/closeall0000664000175000017500000000011413563251612014262 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to closeall foreach allopen [close ?] end bury "closeall ucblogo-6.1/logolib/case0000664000175000017500000000102713563251612013403 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- .macro case :case.value :case.clauses [:caseignoredp "true] catch "case.error [output case.helper :case.value :case.clauses] (throw "error [Empty CASE clause]) end to case.helper :case.value :case.clauses if emptyp :case.clauses [output []] if emptyp first :case.clauses [throw "case.error] if or equalp first first :case.clauses "else ~ memberp :case.value first first :case.clauses ~ [output butfirst first :case.clauses] output case.helper :case.value butfirst :case.clauses end bury [case case.helper] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/cascade.20000664000175000017500000000015413563251612014213 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to cascade.2 [:cascade2.inputs] 5 op apply "cascade :cascade2.inputs end bury "cascade.2 ucblogo-6.1/logolib/cascade0000664000175000017500000000221413563251612014052 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to cascade :cascade.limit [:cascade.inputs] 3 if numberp :cascade.limit ~ [if lessp :cascade.limit 0 ~ [(throw "error (se [cascade doesn't like] :cascade.limit [as input]))] ~ make "cascade.limit `[greaterp :template.number ,[int :cascade.limit]]] local [cascade.templates template.vars cascade.final] make "cascade.templates [] make "template.vars [] make "cascade.final [?1] cascade.setup :cascade.inputs op cascade1 1 :template.vars end to cascade.setup :inputs if emptyp :inputs [stop] if emptyp bf :inputs [make "cascade.final first :inputs stop] make "cascade.templates lput first :inputs :cascade.templates make "template.vars lput first bf :inputs :template.vars cascade.setup bf bf :inputs end to cascade1 :template.number :template.vars if apply :cascade.limit :template.vars [op apply :cascade.final :template.vars] op cascade1 (:template.number+1) (cascade.eval :cascade.templates) end to cascade.eval :cascade.templates if emptyp :cascade.templates [op []] op fput (apply first :cascade.templates :template.vars) ~ (cascade.eval bf :cascade.templates) end bury [cascade cascade.setup cascade1 cascade.eval] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/buryname0000664000175000017500000000011613563251612014310 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to buryname :names bury namelist :names end bury "buryname ucblogo-6.1/logolib/buryall0000664000175000017500000000007613563251612014145 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to buryall bury contents end bury "buryall ucblogo-6.1/logolib/backslashedp0000664000175000017500000000012213563251612015107 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to backslashedp :char op vbarredp :char end bury "backslashedp ucblogo-6.1/logolib/backslashedQ0000664000175000017500000000012213557147341015056 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to backslashed? :char op vbarredp :char end bury "backslashed? ucblogo-6.1/logolib/`0000664000175000017500000000534013563251612012711 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to ` :backq.list [:backq.depth 0] if emptyp :backq.list [op []] if equalp first :backq.list "` ~ [op fput "` fput (` first bf :backq.list :backq.depth+1) (` bf bf :backq.list :backq.depth)] if and wordp first :backq.list equalp first first :backq.list ", ~ [op backq.unquote (bf first :backq.list) (bf :backq.list) :backq.depth] if and wordp first :backq.list memberp first first :backq.list [" :] ~ [op backq.word (first first :backq.list) (bf first :backq.list) (bf :backq.list) :backq.depth] if wordp first :backq.list ~ [op fput first :backq.list (` bf :backq.list :backq.depth)] op fput (` first :backq.list :backq.depth) (` bf :backq.list :backq.depth) end to backq.word :backq.symbol :backq.word :backq.rest :backq.depth if emptyp :backq.word ~ [output fput :backq.symbol (` :backq.rest :backq.depth)] if not equalp first :backq.word ", ~ [output fput (word :backq.symbol :backq.word) (` :backq.rest :backq.depth)] localmake "result backq.unquote (bf :backq.word) :backq.rest :backq.depth if wordp :result [output word :backq.symbol :result] output fput (word :backq.symbol first :result) bf :result end to backq.unquote :unquote.symbol :unquote.rest :unquote.depth localmake "unquote.splicing "false if not emptyp :unquote.symbol [ if equalp first :unquote.symbol "@ [ make "unquote.splicing "true make "unquote.symbol butfirst :unquote.symbol ]] if :unquote.depth=0 [ if emptyp :unquote.symbol [output backq.combine run first :unquote.rest (` bf :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)] output backq.combine run :unquote.symbol (` :unquote.rest :unquote.depth) ] if emptyp :unquote.symbol ~ [output fput (ifelse :unquote.splicing [",@] [",]) fput (` first :unquote.rest :unquote.depth-1) (` bf :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)] if backq.all.commas :unquote.symbol ~ [output fput (ifelse :unquote.splicing [",@] [",]) fput (` (list :unquote.symbol first :unquote.rest) :unquote.depth-1) (` bf :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)] output fput (ifelse :unquote.splicing [",@] [",]) ~ fput (` (list :unquote.symbol) :unquote.depth-1) ~ (` :unquote.rest :unquote.depth) end to backq.combine :this :those output ifelse :unquote.splicing [se :this :those] [fput :this :those] end to backq.all.commas :word if emptyp :word [output "true] if equalp first :word ", ~ [if emptyp butfirst :word [output "true] if equalp first butfirst :word "@ [output backq.all.commas bf bf :word] output backq.all.commas butfirst :word] output "false end bury [` backq.word backq.unquote backq.combine backq.all.commas] ucblogo-6.1/logolib/Qrest0000664000175000017500000000013513557147341013573 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to ?rest [:which 1] output bf item :which :template.lists end bury "?rest ucblogo-6.1/logolib/#0000664000175000017500000000014413563251612012611 0ustar jjcjjc;;; -*- logo -*- to # if not namep "template.number [op repcount] op :template.number end bury "# ucblogo-6.1/logolib/Messages.zh_TW0000664000175000017500000000550113601420003015253 0ustar jjcjjc; UCBLogo message file version 6.1 ; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number ; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering ; and may be added at will. Logo: 嚴重的內部錯誤。 超出容量 堆疊溢出 海龜超出邊界 %p 不喜歡用 %s 做為輸入 %p 並沒有輸出到 %p 給 %p 的輸入不足 %p 不喜歡用 %s 做為輸入 給 %p 的輸入太多 你沒說要如何做 %s 太多的 '(' %s 沒有任何值 預料之外的 ')' 我不知道要如何 %p 找不到 %p 的抓取標記 %p 已經定義過 停止中… 已經滴落 檔案系統錯誤: %p 假設你的意思是 IFELSE，而不是 IF %p 被本地的程序呼叫所掩蔽 擲出 "Error %p 是一個基本詞 無法在程序之中使用 TO 我不知道如何去 %p %p 而沒有 TEST 預料之外的 ']' 預料之外的 '}' 無法啟始圖形 巨集程式傳回 %s 而不是一個串列 你沒有說用 %s 做什麼 可以在程序之中只使用 %p APPLY 不喜歡用 %s 做為輸入 END 於 %p 中在多列指令之內 Logo: 耗盡記憶體。 %p END 在多列指令之內 不當的可選輸入預設表示式: %s 無法在 RUNRESULT 之內使用 OUTPUT 或 STOP 假設你的意思是 '%p'，而不是 %p 我無法開啟檔案 %p 檔案 %p 已經開啟 檔案 %p 沒有開啟 Runlist %s has more than one expression Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object ; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these) 謝謝你使用 Logo。 祝你今天愉快。 對不起，Mac 上沒有 shell。 輸入 EXIT 來回到 Logo。 位於 %s\n%s 抽出迴圈 暫停中… 停止 輸出 找不到檔案: %t\n 無法 KEYP，在這個系統上沒有 FIONREAD 沒有足夠的記憶體 我無法開啟那個檔案 檔案已經開啟 檔案沒有開啟 Pprop 歡迎使用 Berkeley Logo 版本 %t 你必須在一個程序中使用 OUTPUT 或 STOP。 警告: 記憶體不足以執行垃圾資訊收集器。 GC 已停用 - 儲存重要資料並離開！ %s 已定義\n Make %s %s to %p\nend\n\n Plist %s = %s\n 沒有可用的說明。\n 在 %p 上沒有可用的說明。\n --更多-- ; Logo special words, used mostly in Logo-generated messages ; TRUE and FALSE are generated by predicates and accepted by IF etc. 真 假 ; End of a procedure end ; Some names of primitives treated specially in the evaluator ; (You still have to COPYDEF them to match any changes here.) 輸出 停止 跳到 標記 如果 若非 定 .巨集 ; Special CATCH tags 頂層 系統 錯誤 ; How no-value prints in error messages 沒事 ; Outputs from SCREENMODE 文字螢幕 分割螢幕 全螢幕 ; Outputs from PENMODE 繪圖 抹除 反相 ; Outputs from TURTLEMODE 迴轉 圍牆 視窗 ; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these 和 差 積 商 等於 小於 大於 不大於 不小於 不等於 ; Object stuff 名稱 類別 自身 授權證 起始清單 存在 ucblogo-6.1/logolib/Messages.sp0000664000175000017500000000533613601420003014650 0ustar jjcjjc; Spanish version of Berkeley Logo messages file 6.1 ; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number ; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering ; and may be added at will. Logo: Error Interno Fatal. no hay espacio desborde de pila tortuga fuera de los lmites a %p no le gust recibir %s %p no entreg nada a %p %p necesita recibir ms cosas a %p no le gust recibir %s demasiadas cosas entre parntesis () No dices qu debo hacer con %s demasiados parntesis '(' %s no tiene un valor todava parntesis ')' inesperado no s cmo realizar %p no puedo encontrar la etiqueta LANZA para %p %p ya est definida Parando... DRIBBLE est activado Error del sistema de archivos: %p Asumo que queras decir SIOTRO, no SI %p cubierta por local en llamada a procedimiento ATRAPA "Error %p es una primitiva No puedes usar PARA dentro de un procedimiento no se cmo realizar %p %p sin PRUEBA corchete ']' inesperado llave '}' inesperada no pude inicializar grficas Macro entreg %s en lugar de una lista No dices qu debo hacer con %s Solo puedes usar %p dentro de un procedimiento a APLICA no le gust recibir %s FIN dentro de una instruccin multi-lnea en %p Logo: Falta de Memoria. %p FIN dentro de una instruccin multi-lnea Mala expresin por defecto para parmetro opcional: %s No puedes usar RESPUESTA o ALTO dentro de ACTIVARESULTADO Asumo que queras decir '%p', no %p No puedo abrir archivo %p Archivo %p ya est abierto Archivo %p no est abierto Runlist %s has more than one expression Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object ; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these) Gracias por usar Logo. Que tengas un buen da. Lo lamento, no hay 'shell' en la Mac. Escribe EXIT para retornar a Logo. en %s\n%s Lazo ERRACT Pausando... se detuvo responde Archivo no encontrado: %t\n No se puede usar TECLAP, no hay FIONREAD en este sistema No hay suficiente memoria No puedo abrir ese archivo Archivo ya est abierto Archivo no est abierto Pprop Bienvenido a Berkeley Logo versin %t Debes estar dentro de un procedimiento para usar REPUESTA o ALTO. Advertencia: No hay suficiente memoria para ejecutar el recolector de basura. GC deshabilitado - Guarda informacin importante a disco y sal! %s definido\n DA %s %s PARA %p\nFIN\n\n Plista %s = %s\n No hay ayuda disponible.\n No hay ayuda disponible para %p.\n --ms-- cierto falso fin respuesta alto saltoa etiqueta si siotro para .macro toplevel sistema error nada ; Outputs from SCREENMODE textscreen splitscreen fullscreen ; Outputs from PENMODE paint erase reverse ; Outputs from TURTLEMODE wrap fence window ; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these sum difference product quotient equalp lessp greaterp lessequalp greaterequalp notequalp ucblogo-6.1/logolib/Messages.fr0000664000175000017500000000534013601420003014630 0ustar jjcjjc; French version of Berkeley Logo messages file 6.1 ; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number ; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering ; and may be added at will. Logo : erreur interne fatale Plus assez de mmoire Dbordement de pile Tortue en dehors des limites %p n'aime pas l'argument %s %p ne donne pas de valeur %p Pas assez d'arguments pour %p %p n'aime pas l'argument %s Trop de choses entre les ( ) Vous ne dites pas ce qu'il faut faire de %s Trop de '(' %s n'a pas de valeur ')' inattendue Je ne connais pas la procdure %p Pas de CATCH correspondant l'tiquette (tag) %p %p est dj dfinie Arrt... Dj en train d'appliquer DRIBBLE Erreur systme de fichiers: %p Supposant que vous voulez dire SINON (IFELSE) et non SI (IF) %p masque dans un appel de procdure Throw "Error %p est une primitive Impossible d'utiliser POUR (TO) dans une procdure Je ne connais pas la procdure %p %p sans TEST ']' inattendu '}' inattendu Impossible d'initialiser le graphisme La macro retourne %s au lieu d'une liste Vous ne dites pas ce qu'il faut faire de %s Ne peux utiliser %p que dans une procdure APPLY n'accepte pas l'argument %s FIN (END) dans une instruction multi-ligne dans %p Plus de mmoire (fatal) %p FIN (END) dans une instruction multi-ligne Expression par dfaut de l'argument optionnel errone: %S Ne peux utiliser RETOURNE (OUTPUT) ou STOPPE (STOP) dans RUNRESULT Supposant que vous voulez dire '%p' et non %p Impossible d'ouvrir fichier %p Fichier %p dj ouvert Fichier %p non ouvert Runlist %s a plus qu'une expression Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object ; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these) Merci d'utiliser Logo. Bonne journe! Dsol, pas de shell sur le Mac. Tapez EXIT pour revenir Logo dans %s\n%s ERRACT boucle Pause... arrte sort Fichier non trouv: %t\n KEYP impossible, pas de FIONREAD sur ce systme Mmoire insuffisante Impossible d'ouvrir ce fichier Fichier dj ouvert Fichier non ouvert Pprop Bienvenue dans Berkeley Logo version %t Vous devez tre dans une procdure pour utiliser RETOURNE (OUTPUT) ou STOPPE (STOP) Attention: mmoire insuffisante pour lancer le ramasse-miette Ramasse-miette dsactiv - Enregistrez vos donnes et quittez! %s dfinie\n Faire %s %s pour %p\nfin\n\n Plist %s = %s\n Aide indisponible.\n Pas d'aide disponible pour %p.\n --plus-- vrai faux fin retourne stoppe goto tiquette si sinon pour .macro toplevel system error rien ; Outputs from SCREENMODE textscreen splitscreen fullscreen ; Outputs from PENMODE paint erase reverse ; Outputs from TURTLEMODE wrap fence window ; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these sum difference product quotient equalp lessp greaterp lessequalp greaterequalp notequalp ucblogo-6.1/logolib/Messages0000664000175000017500000000531113601420003014220 0ustar jjcjjc; UCBLogo message file version 6.1 ; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number ; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering ; and may be added at will. Logo: Fatal Internal Error. out of space stack overflow turtle out of bounds %p doesn't like %s as input %p didn't output to %p not enough inputs to %p %p doesn't like %s as input too many inputs to %p You don't say what to do with %s too many ('s %s has no value unexpected ')' I don't know how to %p Can't find catch tag for %p %p is already defined Stopping... Already dribbling File system error: %p Assuming you mean IFELSE, not IF %p shadowed by local in procedure call Throw "Error %p is a primitive Can't use TO inside a procedure I don't know how to %p %p without TEST unexpected ']' unexpected '}' couldn't initialize graphics Macro returned %s instead of a list You don't say what to do with %s Can only use %p inside a procedure APPLY doesn't like %s as input END inside multi-line instruction in %p Logo: Out of Memory. %p END inside multi-line instruction Bad default expression for optional input: %s Can't use OUTPUT or STOP inside RUNRESULT Assuming you meant '%p', not %p I can't open file %p File %p already open File %p not open Runlist %s has more than one expression Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object ; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these) Thank you for using Logo. Have a nice day. Sorry, no shell on the Mac. Type EXIT to return to Logo. in %s\n%s Erract loop Pausing... stops outputs File not found: %t\n Can't KEYP, no FIONREAD on this system Not enough memory I can't open that file File already open File not open Pprop Welcome to Berkeley Logo version %t You must be in a procedure to use OUTPUT or STOP. Warning: Not enough memory to run garbage collector. GC disabled - Save important data and exit! %s defined\n Make %s %s to %p\nend\n\n Plist %s = %s\n No help available.\n No help available on %p.\n --more-- ; Logo special words, used mostly in Logo-generated messages ; TRUE and FALSE are generated by predicates and accepted by IF etc. true false ; End of a procedure end ; Some names of primitives treated specially in the evaluator ; (You still have to COPYDEF them to match any changes here.) output stop goto tag if ifelse to .macro ; Special CATCH tags toplevel system error ; How no-value prints in error messages nothing ; Outputs from SCREENMODE textscreen splitscreen fullscreen ; Outputs from PENMODE paint erase reverse ; Outputs from TURTLEMODE wrap fence window ; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these sum difference product quotient equalp lessp greaterp lessequalp greaterequalp notequalp ; Object stuff name class self licenseplate initlist exist ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/0000775000175000017500000000000013601420024013055 5ustar jjcjjcucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ycor0000664000175000017500000000011713600031207013753 0ustar jjcjjcYCOR (library procedure) outputs a number, the turtle's Y coordinate. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/xcor0000664000175000017500000000011713600031207013752 0ustar jjcjjcXCOR (library procedure) outputs a number, the turtle's X coordinate. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/writer0000664000175000017500000000016313600031207014314 0ustar jjcjjcWRITER outputs the name of the current write stream file, or the empty list if the write stream is the screen. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/writepos0000664000175000017500000000011013600031207014644 0ustar jjcjjcWRITEPOS outputs the file position of the current write stream file. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/wrap0000664000175000017500000000063513600031207013755 0ustar jjcjjcWRAP tells the turtle to enter wrap mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will "wrap around" and reappear at the opposite edge of the window. The top edge wraps to the bottom edge, while the left edge wraps to the right edge. (So the window is topologically equivalent to a torus.) This is the turtle's initial mode. Compare WINDOW and FENCE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/wordp0000664000175000017500000000012113600031207014125 0ustar jjcjjcWORDP thing WORD? thing outputs TRUE if the input is a word, FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/word0000664000175000017500000000014413600031207013752 0ustar jjcjjcWORD word1 word2 (WORD word1 word2 word3 ...) outputs a word formed by concatenating its inputs. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/window0000664000175000017500000000061613600031207014312 0ustar jjcjjcWINDOW tells the turtle to enter window mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move offscreen. The visible graphics window is considered as just part of an infinite graphics plane; the turtle can be anywhere on the plane. (If you lose the turtle, HOME will bring it back to the center of the window.) Compare WRAP and FENCE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/while0000664000175000017500000000053213600031207014110 0ustar jjcjjcWHILE tfexpression instructionlist (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the evaluated "tfexpression" remains TRUE. Evaluates the first input first, so the "instructionlist" may never be run at all. The "tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/wait0000664000175000017500000000037013600031207013744 0ustar jjcjjcWAIT time command. Delays further execution for "time" 60ths of a second. Also causes any buffered characters destined for the terminal to be printed immediately. WAIT 0 can be used to achieve this buffer flushing without actually waiting. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/vbarredp0000664000175000017500000000134113600031207014604 0ustar jjcjjcVBARREDP char VBARRED? char BACKSLASHEDP char (library procedure) BACKSLASHEDP char (library procedure) BACKSLASHED? char (library procedure) outputs TRUE if the input character was originally entered into Logo within vertical bars (|) to prevent its usual special syntactic meaning, FALSE otherwise. (Outputs TRUE only if the character is a backslashed space, tab, newline, or one of ()[]+-*/=<>":;\~?| ) The names BACKSLASHEDP and BACKSLASHED? are included in the Logo library for backward compatibility with the former names of this primitive, although it does *not* output TRUE for characters originally entered with backslashes. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/usealternatenames0000664000175000017500000000022413600031207016516 0ustar jjcjjcUSEALTERNATENAMES (variable) if TRUE, causes Logo to generate non-English words (from the Messages file) instead of TRUE, FALSE, END, etc. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/uppercase0000664000175000017500000000020313600031207014762 0ustar jjcjjcUPPERCASE word outputs a copy of the input word, but with all lowercase letters changed to the corresponding uppercase letter. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/untrace0000664000175000017500000000011113600031207014432 0ustar jjcjjcUNTRACE contentslist command. Turns off tracing for the named items. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/until0000664000175000017500000000053313600031207014134 0ustar jjcjjcUNTIL tfexpression instructionlist (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the evaluated "tfexpression" remains FALSE. Evaluates the first input first, so the "instructionlist" may never be run at all. The "tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/unstep0000664000175000017500000000011113600031207014307 0ustar jjcjjcUNSTEP contentslist command. Turns off stepping for the named items. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/unburyonedit0000664000175000017500000000033713600031207015532 0ustar jjcjjcUNBURYONEDIT (variable) if TRUE, causes any procedure defined during EDIT or LOAD to be unburied, so that it will be saved by a later SAVE. Files that want to define and bury procedures must do it in that order. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/unburyname0000664000175000017500000000017213600031207015165 0ustar jjcjjcUNBURYNAME varname (library procedure) UNBURYNAME varnamelist command. Abbreviates UNBURY NAMELIST varname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/unburyall0000664000175000017500000000011313600031207015010 0ustar jjcjjcUNBURYALL (library procedure) command. Abbreviates UNBURY BURIED. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/unbury0000664000175000017500000000026313600031207014325 0ustar jjcjjcUNBURY contentslist command. Unburies the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. That is, the named items will be returned to view in CONTENTS, etc. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/type0000664000175000017500000000205413600031207013762 0ustar jjcjjcTYPE thing (TYPE thing1 thing2 ...) command. Prints the input or inputs like PRINT, except that no newline character is printed at the end and multiple inputs are not separated by spaces. Note: printing to the terminal is ordinarily "line buffered"; that is, the characters you print using TYPE will not actually appear on the screen until either a newline character is printed (for example, by PRINT or SHOW) or Logo tries to read from the keyboard (either at the request of your program or after an instruction prompt). This buffering makes the program much faster than it would be if each character appeared immediately, and in most cases the effect is not disconcerting. To accommodate programs that do a lot of positioned text display using TYPE, Logo will force printing whenever SETCURSOR is invoked. This solves most buffering problems. Still, on occasion you may find it necessary to force the buffered characters to be printed explicitly; this can be done using the WAIT command. WAIT 0 will force printing without actually waiting. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/turtlemode0000664000175000017500000000013513600031207015163 0ustar jjcjjcTURTLEMODE outputs the word WRAP, FENCE, or WINDOW depending on the current turtle mode. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ts0000664000175000017500000000035013600031207013424 0ustar jjcjjcTEXTSCREEN TS rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the text window (the window used for interaction with Logo). The details differ among machines. Compare SPLITSCREEN and FULLSCREEN. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/transfer0000664000175000017500000000145413600031207014630 0ustar jjcjjcTRANSFER endtest template inbasket (library procedure) outputs the result of repeated evaluation of the template. The template is evaluated once for each member of the list "inbasket." TRANSFER maintains an "outbasket" that is initially the empty list. After each evaluation of the template, the resulting value becomes the new outbasket. In the template, the symbol ?IN represents the current member from the inbasket; the symbol ?OUT represents the entire current outbasket. Other slot symbols should not be used. If the first (endtest) input is an empty list, evaluation continues until all inbasket members have been used. If not, the first input must be a predicate expression template, and evaluation continues until either that template's value is TRUE or the inbasket is used up. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/tracedp0000664000175000017500000000057613600031207014432 0ustar jjcjjcTRACEDP contentslist TRACED? contentslist outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is traced, FALSE if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can TRACEDP [[] [VARIABLE]] or TRACEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]]. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/traced0000664000175000017500000000012613600031207014241 0ustar jjcjjcTRACED outputs a contents list including all traced named items in the workspace. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/trace0000664000175000017500000000061613600031207014101 0ustar jjcjjcTRACE contentslist command. Marks the named items for tracing. A message is printed whenever a traced procedure is invoked, giving the actual input values, and whenever a traced procedure STOPs or OUTPUTs. A message is printed whenever a new value is assigned to a traced variable using MAKE. A message is printed whenever a new property is given to a traced property list using PPROP. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/towards0000664000175000017500000000025113600031207014461 0ustar jjcjjcTOWARDS pos outputs a number, the heading at which the turtle should be facing so that it would point from its current position to the position given as the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/to0000664000175000017500000000726213600031207013431 0ustar jjcjjcTO procname :input1 :input2 ... (special form) command. Prepares Logo to accept a procedure definition. The procedure will be named "procname" and there must not already be a procedure by that name. The inputs will be called "input1" etc. Any number of inputs are allowed, including none. Names of procedures and inputs are case-insensitive. Unlike every other Logo procedure, TO takes as its inputs the actual words typed in the instruction line, as if they were all quoted, rather than the results of evaluating expressions to provide the inputs. (That's what "special form" means.) This version of Logo allows variable numbers of inputs to a procedure. After the procedure name come four kinds of things, *in this order*: 1. 0 or more REQUIRED inputs :FOO :FROBOZZ 2. 0 or more OPTIONAL inputs [:BAZ 87] [:THINGO 5+9] 3. 0 or 1 REST input [:GARPLY] 4. 0 or 1 DEFAULT number 5 Every procedure has a MINIMUM, DEFAULT, and MAXIMUM number of inputs. (The latter can be infinite.) The MINIMUM number of inputs is the number of required inputs, which must come first. A required input is indicated by the :inputname notation. After all the required inputs can be zero or more optional inputs, each of which is represented by the following notation: [:inputname default.value.expression] When the procedure is invoked, if actual inputs are not supplied for these optional inputs, the default value expressions are evaluated to set values for the corresponding input names. The inputs are processed from left to right, so a default value expression can be based on earlier inputs. Example: to proc :inlist [:startvalue first :inlist] If the procedure is invoked by saying proc [a b c] then the variable INLIST will have the value [A B C] and the variable STARTVALUE will have the value A. If the procedure is invoked by saying (proc [a b c] "x) then INLIST will have the value [A B C] and STARTVALUE will have the value X. After all the required and optional input can come a single "rest" input, represented by the following notation: [:inputname] This is a rest input rather than an optional input because there is no default value expression. There can be at most one rest input. When the procedure is invoked, the value of this inputname will be a list containing all of the actual inputs provided that were not used for required or optional inputs. Example: to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3 "baz] [:in4] If this procedure is invoked by saying proc "x then IN1 has the value X, IN2 has the value FOO, IN3 has the value BAZ, and IN4 has the value [] (the empty list). If it's invoked by saying (proc "a "b "c "d "e) then IN1 has the value A, IN2 has the value B, IN3 has the value C, and IN4 has the value [D E]. The MAXIMUM number of inputs for a procedure is infinite if a rest input is given; otherwise, it is the number of required inputs plus the number of optional inputs. The DEFAULT number of inputs for a procedure, which is the number of inputs that it will accept if its invocation is not enclosed in parentheses, is ordinarily equal to the minimum number. If you want a different default number you can indicate that by putting the desired default number as the last thing on the TO line. example: to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3] 3 This procedure has a minimum of one input, a default of three inputs, and an infinite maximum. Logo responds to the TO command by entering procedure definition mode. The prompt character changes from "?" to ">" and whatever instructions you type become part of the definition until you type a line containing only the word END. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/throw0000664000175000017500000000306013600031207014142 0ustar jjcjjcTHROW tag (THROW tag value) command. Must be used within the scope of a CATCH with an equal tag. Ends the running of the instructionlist of the CATCH. If THROW is used with only one input, the corresponding CATCH does not output a value. If THROW is used with two inputs, the second provides an output for the CATCH. THROW "TOPLEVEL can be used to terminate all running procedures and interactive pauses, and return to the toplevel instruction prompt. Typing the system interrupt character (alt-S for wxWidgets; otherwise normally control-C for Unix, control-Q for DOS, or command-period for Mac) has the same effect. THROW "ERROR can be used to generate an error condition. If the error is not caught, it prints a message (THROW "ERROR) with the usual indication of where the error (in this case the THROW) occurred. If a second input is used along with a tag of ERROR, that second input is used as the text of the error message instead of the standard message. Also, in this case, the location indicated for the error will be, not the location of the THROW, but the location where the procedure containing the THROW was invoked. This allows user-defined procedures to generate error messages as if they were primitives. Note: in this case the corresponding CATCH "ERROR, if any, does not output, since the second input to THROW is not considered a return value. THROW "SYSTEM immediately leaves Logo, returning to the operating system, without printing the usual parting message and without deleting any editor temporary file written by EDIT. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/thing0000664000175000017500000000047013600031207014112 0ustar jjcjjcTHING varname :quoted.varname outputs the value of the variable whose name is the input. If there is more than one such variable, the innermost local variable of that name is chosen. The colon notation is an abbreviation not for THING but for the combination thing " so that :FOO means THING "FOO. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/textsize0000664000175000017500000000033613600031207014661 0ustar jjcjjcTEXTSIZE (wxWidgets only) outputs the "point size" of the font used in the text and edit windows. See SETTEXTSIZE for a discussion of font sizing. See LABELSIZE for a different approach used for the graphics window. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/textscreen0000664000175000017500000000035013600031207015162 0ustar jjcjjcTEXTSCREEN TS rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the text window (the window used for interaction with Logo). The details differ among machines. Compare SPLITSCREEN and FULLSCREEN. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/text0000664000175000017500000000055013600031207013764 0ustar jjcjjcTEXT procname outputs the text of the procedure named "procname" in the form expected by DEFINE: a list of lists, the first of which describes the inputs to the procedure and the rest of which are the lines of its body. The text does not reflect formatting information used when the procedure was defined, such as continuation lines and extra spaces. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/test0000664000175000017500000000042313600031207013756 0ustar jjcjjcTEST tf command. Remembers its input, which must be TRUE or FALSE, for use by later IFTRUE or IFFALSE instructions. The effect of TEST is local to the procedure in which it is used; any corresponding IFTRUE or IFFALSE must be in the same procedure or a subprocedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/tag0000664000175000017500000000026413600031207013555 0ustar jjcjjcTAG quoted.word command. Does nothing. The input must be a literal word following a quotation mark ("), not the result of a computation. Tags are used by the GOTO command. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/sum0000664000175000017500000000012513600031207013602 0ustar jjcjjcSUM num1 num2 (SUM num1 num2 num3 ...) num1 + num2 outputs the sum of its inputs. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/substringp0000664000175000017500000000033513600031207015201 0ustar jjcjjcSUBSTRINGP thing1 thing2 SUBSTRING? thing1 thing2 if "thing1" or "thing2" is a list or an array, outputs FALSE. If "thing2" is a word, outputs TRUE if "thing1" is EQUALP to a substring of "thing2", FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/stop0000664000175000017500000000030313600031207013761 0ustar jjcjjcSTOP command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. Control is returned to the context in which that procedure was invoked. The stopped procedure does not output a value. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/steppedp0000664000175000017500000000060313600031207014623 0ustar jjcjjcSTEPPEDP contentslist STEPPED? contentslist outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is stepped, FALSE if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can STEPPEDP [[] [VARIABLE]] or STEPPEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]]. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/stepped0000664000175000017500000000013013600031207014436 0ustar jjcjjcSTEPPED outputs a contents list including all stepped named items in the workspace. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/step0000664000175000017500000000065713600031207013763 0ustar jjcjjcSTEP contentslist command. Marks the named items for stepping. Whenever a stepped procedure is invoked, each instruction line in the procedure body is printed before being executed, and Logo waits for the user to type a newline at the terminal. A message is printed whenever a stepped variable name is "shadowed" because a local variable of the same name is created either as a procedure input or by the LOCAL command. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/startup0000664000175000017500000000021313600031207014476 0ustar jjcjjcSTARTUP (variable) if assigned a list value in a file loaded by LOAD, that value is run as an instructionlist after the loading. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/standout0000664000175000017500000000204613600031207014643 0ustar jjcjjcSTANDOUT thing outputs a word that, when printed, will appear like the input but displayed in standout mode (boldface, reverse video, or whatever your version does for standout). The word contains machine-specific magic characters at the beginning and end; in between is the printed form (as if displayed using TYPE) of the input. The output is always a word, even if the input is of some other type, but it may include spaces and other formatting characters. Note: a word output by STANDOUT while Logo is running on one machine will probably not have the desired effect if printed on another type of machine. In the Macintosh classic version, the way that standout works is incompatible with the use of characters whose ASCII code is greater than 127. Therefore, you have a choice to make: The instruction CANINVERSE 0 disables standout, but enables the display of ASCII codes above 127, and the instruction CANINVERSE 1 restores the default situation in which standout is enabled and the extra graphic characters cannot be printed. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/st0000664000175000017500000000005313600031207013424 0ustar jjcjjcSHOWTURTLE ST makes the turtle visible. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ss0000664000175000017500000000035113600031207013424 0ustar jjcjjcSPLITSCREEN SS rearranges the size and position of windows to allow some room for text interaction while also keeping most of the graphics window visible. The details differ among machines. Compare TEXTSCREEN and FULLSCREEN. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/sqrt0000664000175000017500000000011513600031207013766 0ustar jjcjjcSQRT num outputs the square root of the input, which must be nonnegative. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/splitscreen0000664000175000017500000000035113600031207015332 0ustar jjcjjcSPLITSCREEN SS rearranges the size and position of windows to allow some room for text interaction while also keeping most of the graphics window visible. The details differ among machines. Compare TEXTSCREEN and FULLSCREEN. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/sin0000664000175000017500000000011113600031207013562 0ustar jjcjjcSIN degrees outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in degrees. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/showturtle0000664000175000017500000000005313600031207015216 0ustar jjcjjcSHOWTURTLE ST makes the turtle visible. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/shownp0000664000175000017500000000020013600031207014306 0ustar jjcjjcSHOWNP SHOWN? outputs TRUE if the turtle is shown (visible), FALSE if the turtle is hidden. See SHOWTURTLE and HIDETURTLE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/show0000664000175000017500000000024213600031207013756 0ustar jjcjjcSHOW thing (SHOW thing1 thing2 ...) command. Prints the input or inputs like PRINT, except that if an input is a list it is printed inside square brackets. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/shell0000664000175000017500000000247313600031207014115 0ustar jjcjjcSHELL command (SHELL command wordflag) Under Unix, outputs the result of running "command" as a shell command. (The command is sent to /bin/sh, not csh or other alternatives.) If the command is a literal list in the instruction line, and if you want a backslash character sent to the shell, you must use \\ to get the backslash through Logo's reader intact. The output is a list containing one member for each line generated by the shell command. Ordinarily each such line is represented by a list in the output, as though the line were read using READLIST. If a second input is given, regardless of the value of the input, each line is represented by a word in the output as though it were read with READWORD. Example: to dayofweek output first first shell [date] end This is "first first" to extract the first word of the first (and only) line of the shell output. Under MacOS X, SHELL works as under Unix. SHELL is not available under Mac Classic. Under DOS, SHELL is a command, not an operation; it sends its input to a DOS command processor but does not collect the result of the command. Under Windows, the wxWidgets version of Logo behaves as under Unix (except that DOS-style commands are understood; use "dir" rather than "ls"). The non-wxWidgets version behaves like the DOS version. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/sety0000664000175000017500000000021413600031207013761 0ustar jjcjjcSETY ycor moves the turtle vertically from its old position to a new absolute vertical coordinate. The input is the new Y coordinate. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setxy0000664000175000017500000000021313600031207014150 0ustar jjcjjcSETXY xcor ycor moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The two inputs are numbers, the X and Y coordinates. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setx0000664000175000017500000000022013600031207013755 0ustar jjcjjcSETX xcor moves the turtle horizontally from its old position to a new absolute horizontal coordinate. The input is the new X coordinate. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setwritepos0000664000175000017500000000047513600031207015376 0ustar jjcjjcSETWRITEPOS charpos command. Sets the file pointer of the write stream file so that the next PRINT, etc., will begin writing at the "charpos"th character in the file, counting from 0. (That is, SETWRITEPOS 0 will start writing from the beginning of the file.) Meaningless if the write stream is the screen. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setwrite0000664000175000017500000000241713600031207014652 0ustar jjcjjcSETWRITE filename command. Makes the named file the write stream, used for PRINT, etc. The file must already be open with OPENWRITE, OPENAPPEND, or OPENUPDATE. If the input is the empty list, then the write stream becomes the screen, as usual. Changing the write stream does not close the file that was previously the write stream, so it is possible to alternate between files. If the input is a list, then its first element must be a variable name, and its second and last element must be a positive integer; a buffer of that many characters will be allocated, and will become the writestream. If the same list (same in the .EQ sense, not a copy) has been used as input to OPENWRITE, then the already-allocated buffer will be used, and the writer can be changed to and from this buffer, with all the characters accumulated as in a file. When the same list is used as input to CLOSE, the contents of the buffer (as an unparsed word, which may contain newline characters) will become the value of the named variable. For compatibility with earlier versions, if the list has not been opened when the SETWRITE is done, it will be opened implicitly, but the first SETWRITE after this one will implicitly close it, setting the variable and freeing the allocated buffer. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/settextsize0000664000175000017500000000102413600031207015370 0ustar jjcjjcSETTEXTSIZE height command (wxWidgets only). Set the "point size" of the font used in the text and edit windows to the given integer input. The desired size may not be available, in which case the nearest available size will be used. Note: There is only a slight correlation between these integers and pixel sizes. Our rough estimate is that the number of pixels of height is about 1.5 times the point size, but it varies for different fonts. See SETLABELHEIGHT for a different approach used for the graphics window. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/settextfont0000664000175000017500000000052013557147341015406 0ustar jjcjjcSETTEXTFONT fontname command (wxWidgets only). Set the font family used in the text window to the one named by the input. Try 'Courier' or 'Monospace' as likely possibilities. Not all computers have the same fonts installed. It's a good idea to stick with monospace fonts (ones in which all characters have the same width). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/settextcolor0000664000175000017500000000206313600031207015540 0ustar jjcjjcSETTEXTCOLOR foreground background SETTC foreground background command (wxWidgets only). The inputs are color numbers, or RGB color lists, as for turtle graphics. The foreground and background colors for the textscreen/splitscreen text window are changed to the given values. The change affects text already printed as well as future text printing; there is only one text color for the entire window. command (non-wxWidgets Windows and DOS extended only). The inputs are color numbers, as for turtle graphics. Future printing to the text window will use the specified colors for foreground (the characters printed) and background (the space under those characters). Using STANDOUT will revert to the default text window colors. In the DOS extended (ucblogo.exe) version, colors in textscreen mode are limited to numbers 0-7, and the coloring applies only to text printed by the program, not to the echoing of text typed by the user. Neither limitation applies to the text portion of splitscreen mode, which is actually drawn as graphics internally. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/settemploc0000664000175000017500000000037013600031207015157 0ustar jjcjjcSETTEMPLOC path command. Tells Logo to write editor temporary files in the specified directory rather than in the default directory. You must have write permission for this directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/settc0000664000175000017500000000206313600031207014123 0ustar jjcjjcSETTEXTCOLOR foreground background SETTC foreground background command (wxWidgets only). The inputs are color numbers, or RGB color lists, as for turtle graphics. The foreground and background colors for the textscreen/splitscreen text window are changed to the given values. The change affects text already printed as well as future text printing; there is only one text color for the entire window. command (non-wxWidgets Windows and DOS extended only). The inputs are color numbers, as for turtle graphics. Future printing to the text window will use the specified colors for foreground (the characters printed) and background (the space under those characters). Using STANDOUT will revert to the default text window colors. In the DOS extended (ucblogo.exe) version, colors in textscreen mode are limited to numbers 0-7, and the coloring applies only to text printed by the program, not to the echoing of text typed by the user. Neither limitation applies to the text portion of splitscreen mode, which is actually drawn as graphics internally. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setscrunch0000664000175000017500000000203413600031207015160 0ustar jjcjjcSETSCRUNCH xscale yscale adjusts the aspect ratio and scaling of the graphics display. After this command is used, all further turtle motion will be adjusted by multiplying the horizontal and vertical extent of the motion by the two numbers given as inputs. For example, after the instruction "SETSCRUNCH 2 1" motion at a heading of 45 degrees will move twice as far horizontally as vertically. If your squares don't come out square, try this. (Alternatively, you can deliberately misadjust the aspect ratio to draw an ellipse.) In wxWidgets only, SETSCRUNCH also changes the size of the text font used for the LABEL command to try to keep the height of characters scaled with the vertical turtle step size. For all modern computers For DOS machines, the scale factors are initially set according to what the hardware claims the aspect ratio is, but the hardware sometimes lies. For DOS, the values set by SETSCRUNCH are remembered in a file (called SCRUNCH.DAT) and are automatically put into effect when a Logo session begins. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setreadpos0000664000175000017500000000047413600031207015156 0ustar jjcjjcSETREADPOS charpos command. Sets the file pointer of the read stream file so that the next READLIST, etc., will begin reading at the "charpos"th character in the file, counting from 0. (That is, SETREADPOS 0 will start reading from the beginning of the file.) Meaningless if the read stream is the screen. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setread0000664000175000017500000000057013600031207014431 0ustar jjcjjcSETREAD filename command. Makes the named file the read stream, used for READLIST, etc. The file must already be open with OPENREAD or OPENUPDATE. If the input is the empty list, then the read stream becomes the keyboard, as usual. Changing the read stream does not close the file that was previously the read stream, so it is possible to alternate between files. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setprefix0000664000175000017500000000072513600031207015015 0ustar jjcjjcSETPREFIX string command. Sets a prefix that will be used as the implicit beginning of filenames in OPENREAD, OPENWRITE, OPENAPPEND, OPENUPDATE, LOAD, and SAVE commands. Logo will put the appropriate separator character (slash for Unix, backslash for DOS/Windows, colon for MacOS Classic) between the prefix and the filename entered by the user. The input to SETPREFIX must be a word, unless it is the empty list, to indicate that there should be no prefix. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setpos0000664000175000017500000000021613600031207014314 0ustar jjcjjcSETPOS pos moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The input is a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setpensize0000664000175000017500000000040413600031207015167 0ustar jjcjjcSETPENSIZE size sets the thickness of the pen. The input is either a single positive integer or a list of two positive integers (for horizontal and vertical thickness). Some versions pay no attention to the second number, but always have a square pen. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setpenpattern0000664000175000017500000000024213600031207015672 0ustar jjcjjcSETPENPATTERN pattern sets hardware-dependent pen characteristics. This command is not guaranteed compatible between implementations on different machines. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setpencolor0000664000175000017500000000116513600031207015340 0ustar jjcjjcSETPENCOLOR colornumber.or.rgblist SETPC colornumber.or.rgblist sets the pen color to the given number, which must be a nonnegative integer. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command. Alternatively, sets the pen color to the given RGB values (a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setpen0000664000175000017500000000034413600031207014277 0ustar jjcjjcSETPEN list (library procedure) sets the pen's position, mode, thickness, and hardware-dependent characteristics according to the information in the input list, which should be taken from an earlier invocation of PEN. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setpc0000664000175000017500000000116513600031207014121 0ustar jjcjjcSETPENCOLOR colornumber.or.rgblist SETPC colornumber.or.rgblist sets the pen color to the given number, which must be a nonnegative integer. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command. Alternatively, sets the pen color to the given RGB values (a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setpalette0000664000175000017500000000062513600031207015155 0ustar jjcjjcSETPALETTE colornumber rgblist sets the actual color corresponding to a given number, if allowed by the hardware and operating system. Colornumber must be an integer greater than or equal to 8. (Logo tries to keep the first 8 colors constant.) The second input is a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setmargins0000664000175000017500000000136513600031207015161 0ustar jjcjjcSETMARGINS vector command. The input must be a list of two numbers, as for SETCURSOR. The effect is to clear the screen and then arrange for all further printing to be shifted down and to the right according to the indicated margins. Specifically, every time a newline character is printed (explicitly or implicitly) Logo will type x_margin spaces, and on every invocation of SETCURSOR the margins will be added to the input x and y coordinates. (CURSOR will report the cursor position relative to the margins, so that this shift will be invisible to Logo programs.) The purpose of this command is to accommodate the display of terminal screens in lecture halls with inadequate TV monitors that miss the top and left edges of the screen. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setlibloc0000664000175000017500000000050413600031207014757 0ustar jjcjjcSETLIBLOC path command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory as its library instead of the default. (Note that many Logo "primitive" procedures are actually found in the library, so they may become unavailable if your new library does not include them!) The format of a path depends on your operating system. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setlabelheight0000664000175000017500000000106713600031207015770 0ustar jjcjjcSETLABELHEIGHT height command (wxWidgets only). Takes a positive integer argument and tries to set the font size so that the character height (including descenders) is that many turtle steps. This will be different from the number of screen pixels if SETSCRUNCH has been used. Also, note that SETSCRUNCH changes the font size to try to preserve this height in turtle steps. Note that the query operation corresponding to this command is LABELSIZE, not LABELHEIGHT, because it tells you the width as well as the height of characters in the current font. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setitem0000664000175000017500000000033313600031207014451 0ustar jjcjjcSETITEM index array value command. Replaces the "index"th member of "array" with the new "value". Ensures that the resulting array is not circular, i.e., "value" may not be a list or array that contains "array". ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/sethelploc0000664000175000017500000000033113600031207015137 0ustar jjcjjcSETHELPLOC path command. Tells Logo to look in the specified directory for the information provided by the HELP command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setheading0000664000175000017500000000024413600031207015113 0ustar jjcjjcSETHEADING degrees SETH degrees turns the turtle to a new absolute heading. The input is a number, the heading in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/seth0000664000175000017500000000024413600031207013743 0ustar jjcjjcSETHEADING degrees SETH degrees turns the turtle to a new absolute heading. The input is a number, the heading in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setfont0000664000175000017500000000050713600031207014464 0ustar jjcjjcSETFONT fontname command (wxWidgets only). Set the font family used in all windows to the one named by the input. Try 'Courier' or 'Monospace' as likely possibilities. Not all computers have the same fonts installed. It's a good idea to stick with monospace fonts (ones in which all characters have the same width). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/seteditor0000664000175000017500000000025313600031207015002 0ustar jjcjjcSETEDITOR path command. Tells Logo to use the specified program as its editor instead of the default editor. The format of a path depends on your operating system. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setcursor0000664000175000017500000000047613600031207015040 0ustar jjcjjcSETCURSOR vector command. The input is a list of two numbers, the x and y coordinates of a text window position (origin in the upper left corner, positive direction is southeast). The text cursor is moved to the requested position. This command also forces the immediate printing of any buffered characters. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setcslsloc0000664000175000017500000000027513600031207015162 0ustar jjcjjcSETCSLSLOC path command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory for the CSLSLOAD command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setbg0000664000175000017500000000024213600031207014102 0ustar jjcjjcSETBACKGROUND colornumber.or.rgblist SETBG colornumber.or.rgblist set the screen background color by slot number or RGB values. See SETPENCOLOR for details. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/setbackground0000664000175000017500000000024213600031207015631 0ustar jjcjjcSETBACKGROUND colornumber.or.rgblist SETBG colornumber.or.rgblist set the screen background color by slot number or RGB values. See SETPENCOLOR for details. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/sentence0000664000175000017500000000036313600031207014606 0ustar jjcjjcSENTENCE thing1 thing2 SE thing1 thing2 (SENTENCE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) (SE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) outputs a list whose members are its inputs, if those inputs are not lists, or the members of its inputs, if those inputs are lists. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/se0000664000175000017500000000036313600031207013411 0ustar jjcjjcSENTENCE thing1 thing2 SE thing1 thing2 (SENTENCE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) (SE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) outputs a list whose members are its inputs, if those inputs are not lists, or the members of its inputs, if those inputs are lists. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/scrunch0000664000175000017500000000027313600031207014447 0ustar jjcjjcSCRUNCH outputs a list containing two numbers, the X and Y scrunch factors, as used by SETSCRUNCH. (But note that SETSCRUNCH takes two numbers as inputs, not one list of numbers.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/screenmode0000664000175000017500000000015513600031207015125 0ustar jjcjjcSCREENMODE outputs the word TEXTSCREEN, SPLITSCREEN, or FULLSCREEN depending on the current screen mode. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/savepict0000664000175000017500000000061513600031207014620 0ustar jjcjjcSAVEPICT filename command. Writes a file with the specified name containing the state of the graphics window, including any nonstandard color palette settings, in Logo's internal format. This picture can be restored to the screen using LOADPICT. The format is not portable between platforms, nor is it readable by other programs. See EPSPICT to export Logo graphics for other programs. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/savel0000664000175000017500000000030313600031207014106 0ustar jjcjjcSAVEL contentslist filename (library procedure) command. Saves the definitions of the procedures, variables, and property lists specified by "contentslist" to the file named "filename". ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/save0000664000175000017500000000111413600031207013733 0ustar jjcjjcSAVE filename command. Saves the definitions of all unburied procedures, variables, and nonempty property lists in the named file. Equivalent to to save :filename local "oldwriter make "oldwriter writer openwrite :filename setwrite :filename poall setwrite :oldwriter close :filename end Exceptionally, SAVE can be used with no input and without parentheses if it is the last thing on the command line. In this case, the filename from the most recent LOAD or SAVE command will be used. (It is an error if there has been no previous LOAD or SAVE.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rw0000664000175000017500000000123413600031207013430 0ustar jjcjjcREADWORD RW reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word. The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READWORD outputs the empty list (not the empty word). READWORD processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream. In the case of a tilde used for line continuation, the output word DOES include the tilde and the newline characters, so that the user program can tell exactly what the user entered. Vertical bars in the line are also preserved in the output. Backslash characters are not preserved in the output. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/runresult0000664000175000017500000000057313600031207015050 0ustar jjcjjcRUNRESULT instructionlist runs the instructions in the input; outputs an empty list if those instructions produce no output, or a list whose only member is the output from running the input instructionlist. Useful for inventing command-or-operation control structures: local "result make "result runresult [something] if emptyp :result [stop] output first :result ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/runparse0000664000175000017500000000043213600031207014636 0ustar jjcjjcRUNPARSE wordorlist outputs the list that would result if the input word or list were entered as an instruction line; characters such as infix operators and parentheses are separate members of the output. Note that sublists of a runparsed list are not themselves runparsed. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/run0000664000175000017500000000022613600031207013604 0ustar jjcjjcRUN instructionlist command or operation. Runs the Logo instructions in the input list; outputs if the list contains an expression that outputs. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rt0000664000175000017500000000017113600031207013424 0ustar jjcjjcRIGHT degrees RT degrees turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rseq0000664000175000017500000000035113600031207013751 0ustar jjcjjcRSEQ from to count (library procedure) outputs a list of COUNT equally spaced rational numbers between FROM and TO, inclusive. ? show rseq 3 5 9 [3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5] ? show rseq 3 5 5 [3 3.5 4 4.5 5] ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/round0000664000175000017500000000006713600031207014132 0ustar jjcjjcROUND num outputs the nearest integer to the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rl0000664000175000017500000000110213600031207013407 0ustar jjcjjcREADLIST RL reads a line from the read stream (initially the keyboard) and outputs that line as a list. The line is separated into members as though it were typed in square brackets in an instruction. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READLIST outputs the empty word (not the empty list). READLIST processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream; the output list will not contain these characters but they will have had their usual effect. READLIST does not, however, treat semicolon as a comment character. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/right0000664000175000017500000000017113600031207014114 0ustar jjcjjcRIGHT degrees RT degrees turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/reverse0000664000175000017500000000017413600031207014455 0ustar jjcjjcREVERSE list (library procedure) outputs a list whose members are the members of the input list, in reverse order. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rerandom0000664000175000017500000000071213600031207014607 0ustar jjcjjcRERANDOM (RERANDOM seed) command. Makes the results of RANDOM reproducible. Ordinarily the sequence of random numbers is different each time Logo is used. If you need the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers repeatedly, e.g. to debug a program, say RERANDOM before the first invocation of RANDOM. If you need more than one repeatable sequence, you can give RERANDOM an integer input; each possible input selects a unique sequence of numbers. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/repeat0000664000175000017500000000013413600031207014256 0ustar jjcjjcREPEAT num instructionlist command. Runs the "instructionlist" repeatedly, "num" times. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/repcount0000664000175000017500000000051513600031207014640 0ustar jjcjjcREPCOUNT outputs the repetition count of the innermost current REPEAT or FOREVER, starting from 1. If no REPEAT or FOREVER is active, outputs -1. The abbreviation # can be used for REPCOUNT unless the REPEAT is inside the template input to a higher order procedure such as FOREACH, in which case # has a different meaning. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/remprop0000664000175000017500000000017113600031207014463 0ustar jjcjjcREMPROP plistname propname command. Removes the property named "propname" from the property list named "plistname". ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/remove0000664000175000017500000000016213600031207014274 0ustar jjcjjcREMOVE thing list (library procedure) outputs a copy of "list" with every member equal to "thing" removed. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/remdup0000664000175000017500000000033113600031207014271 0ustar jjcjjcREMDUP list (library procedure) outputs a copy of "list" with duplicate members removed. If two or more members of the input are equal, the rightmost of those members is the one that remains in the output. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/remainder0000664000175000017500000000023313600031207014744 0ustar jjcjjcREMAINDER num1 num2 outputs the remainder on dividing "num1" by "num2"; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as num1. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/refresh0000664000175000017500000000036513600031207014442 0ustar jjcjjcREFRESH (command) tells Logo to remember the turtle's motions so that they can be used for high-resolution printing (wxWidgets) or to refresh the graphics window if it is moved, resized, or overlayed (non-wxWidgets). This is the default. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/reduce0000664000175000017500000000253313600031207014252 0ustar jjcjjcREDUCE template data (library procedure) outputs the result of applying the template to accumulate the members of the data input. The template must be a two-slot function. Typically it is an associative function name like SUM. If the data input has only one constituent (member in a list or character in a word), the output is that consituent. Otherwise, the template is first applied with ?1 filled with the next-to-last consitient and ?2 with the last constituent. Then, if there are more constituents, the template is applied with ?1 filled with the next constituent to the left and ?2 with the result from the previous evaluation. This process continues until all constituents have been used. The data input may not be empty. Note: If the template is, like SUM, the name of a procedure that is capable of accepting arbitrarily many inputs, it is more efficient to use APPLY instead of REDUCE. The latter is good for associative procedures that have been written to accept exactly two inputs: to max :a :b output ifelse :a > :b [:a] [:b] end print reduce "max [...] Alternatively, REDUCE can be used to write MAX as a procedure that accepts any number of inputs, as SUM does: to max [:inputs] 2 if emptyp :inputs ~ [(throw "error [not enough inputs to max])] output reduce [ifelse ?1 > ?2 [?1] [?2]] :inputs end ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/redefp0000664000175000017500000000014313600031207014243 0ustar jjcjjcREDEFP (variable) if TRUE, allows primitives to be erased (ERASE) or redefined (COPYDEF). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/readword0000664000175000017500000000123413600031207014607 0ustar jjcjjcREADWORD RW reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word. The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READWORD outputs the empty list (not the empty word). READWORD processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream. In the case of a tilde used for line continuation, the output word DOES include the tilde and the newline characters, so that the user program can tell exactly what the user entered. Vertical bars in the line are also preserved in the output. Backslash characters are not preserved in the output. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/readrawline0000664000175000017500000000071413600031207015277 0ustar jjcjjcREADRAWLINE reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word. The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READRAWLINE outputs the empty list (not the empty word). READRAWLINE outputs the exact string of characters as they appear in the line, with no special meaning for backslash, vertical bar, tilde, or any other formatting characters. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/readpos0000664000175000017500000000010613600031207014432 0ustar jjcjjcREADPOS outputs the file position of the current read stream file. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/readlist0000664000175000017500000000110213600031207014601 0ustar jjcjjcREADLIST RL reads a line from the read stream (initially the keyboard) and outputs that line as a list. The line is separated into members as though it were typed in square brackets in an instruction. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READLIST outputs the empty word (not the empty list). READLIST processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream; the output list will not contain these characters but they will have had their usual effect. READLIST does not, however, treat semicolon as a comment character. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/reader0000664000175000017500000000016313600031207014242 0ustar jjcjjcREADER outputs the name of the current read stream file, or the empty list if the read stream is the terminal. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/readchars0000664000175000017500000000075013600031207014736 0ustar jjcjjcREADCHARS num RCS num reads "num" characters from the read stream and outputs those characters as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READCHARS outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is a terminal, echoing is turned off when READCHARS is invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/readchar0000664000175000017500000000073613600031207014557 0ustar jjcjjcREADCHAR RC reads a single character from the read stream and outputs that character as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READCHAR outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when READCHAR is invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rcs0000664000175000017500000000075013600031207013571 0ustar jjcjjcREADCHARS num RCS num reads "num" characters from the read stream and outputs those characters as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READCHARS outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is a terminal, echoing is turned off when READCHARS is invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rc0000664000175000017500000000073613600031207013412 0ustar jjcjjcREADCHAR RC reads a single character from the read stream and outputs that character as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READCHAR outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when READCHAR is invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/rawascii0000664000175000017500000000036613600031207014607 0ustar jjcjjcRAWASCII char outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input character in the ASCII code. Interprets control characters as representing themselves. To find out the ASCII code of an arbitrary keystroke, use RAWASCII RC. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/random0000664000175000017500000000067413600031207014267 0ustar jjcjjcRANDOM num (RANDOM start end) with one input, outputs a random nonnegative integer less than its input, which must be a positive integer. With two inputs, RANDOM outputs a random integer greater than or equal to the first input, and less than or equal to the second input. Both inputs must be integers, and the first must be less than the second. (RANDOM 0 9) is equivalent to RANDOM 10; (RANDOM 3 8) is equivalent to (RANDOM 6)+3. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/radsin0000664000175000017500000000011413600031207014254 0ustar jjcjjcRADSIN radians outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in radians. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/radcos0000664000175000017500000000011613600031207014251 0ustar jjcjjcRADCOS radians outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in radians. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/radarctan0000664000175000017500000000043213600031207014736 0ustar jjcjjcRADARCTAN num (RADARCTAN x y) outputs the arctangent, in radians, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or pi/2 or -pi/2 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero. The expression 2*(RADARCTAN 0 1) can be used to get the value of pi. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/quotient0000664000175000017500000000055413600031207014654 0ustar jjcjjcQUOTIENT num1 num2 (QUOTIENT num) num1 / num2 outputs the quotient of its inputs. The quotient of two integers is an integer if and only if the dividend is a multiple of the divisor. (In other words, QUOTIENT 5 2 is 2.5, not 2, but QUOTIENT 4 2 is 2, not 2.0 -- it does the right thing.) With a single input, QUOTIENT outputs the reciprocal of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/quoted0000664000175000017500000000020713600031207014300 0ustar jjcjjcQUOTED thing (library procedure) outputs its input, if a list; outputs its input with a quotation mark prepended, if a word. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/queue0000664000175000017500000000044313600031207014125 0ustar jjcjjcQUEUE queuename thing (library procedure) command. Adds the "thing" to the queue that is the value of the variable whose name is "queuename". This variable must have a list as its value; the initial value should be the empty list. New members are added at the back of the list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/px0000664000175000017500000000020713600031207013426 0ustar jjcjjcPENREVERSE PX sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to REVERSE. (This may interact in system-dependent ways with use of color.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/push0000664000175000017500000000044313600031207013760 0ustar jjcjjcPUSH stackname thing (library procedure) command. Adds the "thing" to the stack that is the value of the variable whose name is "stackname". This variable must have a list as its value; the initial value should be the empty list. New members are added at the front of the list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pu0000664000175000017500000000010613600031207013421 0ustar jjcjjcPENUP PU sets the pen's position to UP, without changing its mode. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/product0000664000175000017500000000014113600031207014454 0ustar jjcjjcPRODUCT num1 num2 (PRODUCT num1 num2 num3 ...) num1 * num2 outputs the product of its inputs. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/procedures0000664000175000017500000000036413600031207015156 0ustar jjcjjcPROCEDURES outputs a list of the names of all unburied user-defined procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/procedurep0000664000175000017500000000013113600031207015143 0ustar jjcjjcPROCEDUREP name PROCEDURE? name outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a procedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/printwidthlimit0000664000175000017500000000023213600031207016230 0ustar jjcjjcPRINTWIDTHLIMIT (variable) if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum number of members in any one list that will be printed by PRINT, etc. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/printout0000664000175000017500000000026313600031207014665 0ustar jjcjjcPRINTOUT contentslist PO contentslist command. Prints to the write stream the definitions of all procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input contents list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/printdepthlimit0000664000175000017500000000022313600031207016215 0ustar jjcjjcPRINTDEPTHLIMIT (variable) if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum depth of sublist structure that will be printed by PRINT, etc. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/print0000664000175000017500000000062713600031207014141 0ustar jjcjjcPRINT thing PR thing (PRINT thing1 thing2 ...) (PR thing1 thing2 ...) command. Prints the input or inputs to the current write stream (initially the screen). All the inputs are printed on a single line, separated by spaces, ending with a newline. If an input is a list, square brackets are not printed around it, but brackets are printed around sublists. Braces are always printed around arrays. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/primitives0000664000175000017500000000035013600031207015171 0ustar jjcjjcPRIMITIVES outputs a list of the names of all primitive procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/primitivep0000664000175000017500000000034013600031207015165 0ustar jjcjjcPRIMITIVEP name PRIMITIVE? name outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a primitive procedure (one built into Logo). Note that some of the procedures described in this document are library procedures, not primitives. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/prefix0000664000175000017500000000013013600031207014267 0ustar jjcjjcPREFIX outputs the current file prefix, or [] if there is no prefix. See SETPREFIX. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pr0000664000175000017500000000062713600031207013426 0ustar jjcjjcPRINT thing PR thing (PRINT thing1 thing2 ...) (PR thing1 thing2 ...) command. Prints the input or inputs to the current write stream (initially the screen). All the inputs are printed on a single line, separated by spaces, ending with a newline. If an input is a list, square brackets are not printed around it, but brackets are printed around sublists. Braces are always printed around arrays. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ppt0000664000175000017500000000010313600031207013575 0ustar jjcjjcPENPAINT PPT sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to PAINT. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pprop0000664000175000017500000000020613600031207014136 0ustar jjcjjcPPROP plistname propname value command. Adds a property to the "plistname" property list with name "propname" and value "value". ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/power0000664000175000017500000000015413600031207014134 0ustar jjcjjcPOWER num1 num2 outputs "num1" to the "num2" power. If num1 is negative, then num2 must be an integer. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pots0000664000175000017500000000021713600031207013765 0ustar jjcjjcPOTS (library procedure) command. Prints the title lines of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates POT PROCEDURES. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pot0000664000175000017500000000037713600031207013611 0ustar jjcjjcPOT contentslist command. Prints the title lines of the named procedures and the definitions of the named variables and property lists. For property lists, the entire list is shown on one line instead of as a series of PPROP instructions as in PO. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pos0000664000175000017500000000014213600031207013576 0ustar jjcjjcPOS outputs the turtle's current position, as a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pops0000664000175000017500000000021513600031207013757 0ustar jjcjjcPOPS (library procedure) command. Prints the definitions of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates PO PROCEDURES. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/popls0000664000175000017500000000022413600031207014133 0ustar jjcjjcPOPLS (library procedure) command. Prints the contents of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace. Abbreviates PO PLISTS. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/popl0000664000175000017500000000023513600031207013752 0ustar jjcjjcPOPL plname (library procedure) POPL plnamelist command. Prints the definitions of the named property list(s). Abbreviates PO PLLIST plname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pop0000664000175000017500000000030513600031207013574 0ustar jjcjjcPOP stackname (library procedure) outputs the most recently PUSHed member of the stack that is the value of the variable whose name is "stackname" and removes that member from the stack. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pons0000664000175000017500000000020713600031207013756 0ustar jjcjjcPONS (library procedure) command. Prints the definitions of all unburied variables in the workspace. Abbreviates PO NAMES. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pon0000664000175000017500000000023313600031207013572 0ustar jjcjjcPON varname (library procedure) PON varnamelist command. Prints the definitions of the named variable(s). Abbreviates PO NAMELIST varname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/poall0000664000175000017500000000017113600031207014106 0ustar jjcjjcPOALL (library procedure) command. Prints all unburied definitions in the workspace. Abbreviates PO CONTENTS. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/po0000664000175000017500000000026313600031207013417 0ustar jjcjjcPRINTOUT contentslist PO contentslist command. Prints to the write stream the definitions of all procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input contents list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pllist0000664000175000017500000000042513600031207014310 0ustar jjcjjcPLLIST plname (library procedure) PLLIST plnamelist outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/plists0000664000175000017500000000026713600031207014323 0ustar jjcjjcPLISTS outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists (indicating no procedures or variables) followed by a list of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/plistp0000664000175000017500000000042613600031207014315 0ustar jjcjjcPLISTP name PLIST? name outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a *nonempty* property list. (In principle every word is the name of a property list; if you haven't put any properties in it, PLIST of that name outputs an empty list, rather than giving an error message.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/plist0000664000175000017500000000050213600031207014130 0ustar jjcjjcPLIST plistname outputs a list whose odd-numbered members are the names, and whose even-numbered members are the values, of the properties in the property list named "plistname". The output is a copy of the actual property list; changing properties later will not magically change a list output earlier by PLIST. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pick0000664000175000017500000000013213600031207013722 0ustar jjcjjcPICK list (library procedure) outputs a randomly chosen member of the input list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/penup0000664000175000017500000000010613600031207014124 0ustar jjcjjcPENUP PU sets the pen's position to UP, without changing its mode. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pensize0000664000175000017500000000031613600031207014455 0ustar jjcjjcPENSIZE outputs a list of two positive integers, specifying the horizontal and vertical thickness of the turtle pen. (In some implementations, including wxWidgets, the two numbers are always equal.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/penreverse0000664000175000017500000000020713600031207015155 0ustar jjcjjcPENREVERSE PX sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to REVERSE. (This may interact in system-dependent ways with use of color.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/penpattern0000664000175000017500000000006713600031207015163 0ustar jjcjjcPENPATTERN outputs system-specific pen information. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/penpaint0000664000175000017500000000010313600031207014610 0ustar jjcjjcPENPAINT PPT sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to PAINT. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/penmode0000664000175000017500000000014113600031207014423 0ustar jjcjjcPENMODE outputs one of the words PAINT, ERASE, or REVERSE according to the current pen mode. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/penerase0000664000175000017500000000010213600031207014573 0ustar jjcjjcPENERASE PE sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to ERASE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pendownp0000664000175000017500000000011013600031207014622 0ustar jjcjjcPENDOWNP PENDOWN? outputs TRUE if the pen is down, FALSE if it's up. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pendown0000664000175000017500000000011213600031207014444 0ustar jjcjjcPENDOWN PD sets the pen's position to DOWN, without changing its mode. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pencolor0000664000175000017500000000075013600031207014623 0ustar jjcjjcPENCOLOR PC outputs a color number, a nonnegative integer that is associated with a particular color, or a list of RGB values if such a list was used as the most recent input to SETPENCOLOR. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pen0000664000175000017500000000023313600031207013560 0ustar jjcjjcPEN (library procedure) outputs a list containing the pen's position, mode, thickness, and hardware-specific characteristics, for use by SETPEN. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pe0000664000175000017500000000010213600031207013375 0ustar jjcjjcPENERASE PE sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to ERASE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pd0000664000175000017500000000011213600031207013375 0ustar jjcjjcPENDOWN PD sets the pen's position to DOWN, without changing its mode. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pc0000664000175000017500000000075013600031207013404 0ustar jjcjjcPENCOLOR PC outputs a color number, a nonnegative integer that is associated with a particular color, or a list of RGB values if such a list was used as the most recent input to SETPENCOLOR. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/pause0000664000175000017500000000150213600031207014113 0ustar jjcjjcPAUSE command or operation. Enters an interactive pause. The user is prompted for instructions, as at toplevel, but with a prompt that includes the name of the procedure in which PAUSE was invoked. Local variables of that procedure are available during the pause. PAUSE outputs if the pause is ended by a CONTINUE with an input. If the variable ERRACT exists, and an error condition occurs, the contents of that variable are run as an instructionlist. Typically ERRACT is given the value [PAUSE] so that an interactive pause will be entered in the event of an error. This allows the user to check values of local variables at the time of the error. Typing the system quit character (alt-S for wxWidgets; otherwise normally control-\ for Unix, control-W for DOS, or command-comma for Mac) will also enter a pause. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/parse0000664000175000017500000000031513600031207014111 0ustar jjcjjcPARSE word outputs the list that would result if the input word were entered in response to a READLIST operation. That is, PARSE READWORD has the same value as READLIST for the same characters read. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/palette0000664000175000017500000000027413600031207014441 0ustar jjcjjcPALETTE colornumber outputs a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the color associated with the given number. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/output0000664000175000017500000000042513600031207014341 0ustar jjcjjcOUTPUT value OP value command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. That procedure outputs the value "value" to the context in which it was invoked. Don't be confused: OUTPUT itself is a command, but the procedure that invokes OUTPUT is an operation. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/or0000664000175000017500000000116313600031207013421 0ustar jjcjjcOR tf1 tf2 (OR tf1 tf2 tf3 ...) outputs TRUE if any input is TRUE, otherwise FALSE. All inputs must be TRUE or FALSE. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of CASEIGNOREDP. That is, "true" or "True" or "TRUE" are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE or FALSE value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a TRUE value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: IF OR :X=0 [some.long.computation] [...] to avoid the long computation if the first condition is met. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/openwrite0000664000175000017500000000162613600031207015021 0ustar jjcjjcOPENWRITE filename command. Opens the named file for writing. If the file already existed, the old version is deleted and a new, empty file created. OPENWRITE, but not the other OPEN variants, will accept as input a two-element list, in which the first element must be a variable name, and the second must be a positive integer. A character buffer of the specified size will be created. When a SETWRITE is done with this same list (in the sense of .EQ, not a copy, so you must do something like ? make "buf [foo 100] ? openwrite :buf ? setwrite :buf [...] ? close :buf and not just ? openwrite [foo 100] ? setwrite [foo 100] and so on), the printed characters are stored in the buffer; when a CLOSE is done with the same list as input, the characters from the buffer (treated as one long word, even if spaces and newlines are included) become the value of the specified variable. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/openupdate0000664000175000017500000000101413600031207015140 0ustar jjcjjcOPENUPDATE filename command. Opens the named file for reading and writing. The read and write position is initially set to the end of the old file, if any. Note: each open file has only one position, for both reading and writing. If a file opened for update is both READER and WRITER at the same time, then SETREADPOS will also affect WRITEPOS and vice versa. Also, if you alternate reading and writing the same file, you must SETREADPOS between a write and a read, and SETWRITEPOS between a read and a write. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/openread0000664000175000017500000000020013600031207014565 0ustar jjcjjcOPENREAD filename command. Opens the named file for reading. The read position is initially at the beginning of the file. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/openappend0000664000175000017500000000032513600031207015131 0ustar jjcjjcOPENAPPEND filename command. Opens the named file for writing. If the file already exists, the write position is initially set to the end of the old file, so that newly written data will be appended to it. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/op0000664000175000017500000000042513600031207013417 0ustar jjcjjcOUTPUT value OP value command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. That procedure outputs the value "value" to the context in which it was invoked. Don't be confused: OUTPUT itself is a command, but the procedure that invokes OUTPUT is an operation. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/numberp0000664000175000017500000000012713600031207014450 0ustar jjcjjcNUMBERP thing NUMBER? thing outputs TRUE if the input is a number, FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/notequalp0000664000175000017500000000027613600031207015015 0ustar jjcjjcNOTEQUALP thing1 thing2 NOTEQUAL? thing1 thing2 thing1 <> thing2 outputs FALSE if the inputs are equal, TRUE otherwise. See EQUALP for the meaning of equality for different data types. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/not0000664000175000017500000000030213600031207013573 0ustar jjcjjcNOT tf outputs TRUE if the input is FALSE, and vice versa. The input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE or FALSE value. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/norefresh0000664000175000017500000000060413600031207014773 0ustar jjcjjcNOREFRESH (command) tells Logo not to remember the turtle's motions, which may be useful to save time and memory if your program is interactive or animated, rather than drawing a static picture you'll want to print later (wxWidgets). In non-wxWidgets versions, using NOREFRESH may prevent Logo from restoring the graphics image after the window is moved, resized, or overlayed. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/nodribble0000664000175000017500000000013613600031207014740 0ustar jjcjjcNODRIBBLE command. Stops copying information into the dribble file, and closes the file. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/nodes0000664000175000017500000000146313600031207014114 0ustar jjcjjcNODES outputs a list of two numbers. The first represents the number of nodes of memory currently in use. The second shows the maximum number of nodes that have been in use at any time since the last invocation of NODES. (A node is a small block of computer memory as used by Logo. Each number uses one node. Each non-numeric word uses one node, plus some non-node memory for the characters in the word. Each array takes one node, plus some non-node memory, as well as the memory required by its elements. Each list requires one node per element, as well as the memory within the elements.) If you want to track the memory use of an algorithm, it is best if you invoke GC at the beginning of each iteration, since otherwise the maximum will include storage that is unused but not yet collected. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/names0000664000175000017500000000024313600031207014102 0ustar jjcjjcNAMES outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list (indicating no procedure names) followed by a list of all unburied variable names in the workspace. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/namep0000664000175000017500000000011613600031207014076 0ustar jjcjjcNAMEP name NAME? name outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a variable. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/namelist0000664000175000017500000000043013600031207014611 0ustar jjcjjcNAMELIST varname (library procedure) NAMELIST varnamelist outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/name0000664000175000017500000000015313600031207013717 0ustar jjcjjcNAME value varname (library procedure) command. Same as MAKE but with the inputs in reverse order. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/mousepos0000664000175000017500000000065613600031207014661 0ustar jjcjjcMOUSEPOS outputs the coordinates of the mouse, provided that it's within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. If the mouse is outside the graphics window, then the last position within the window is returned. Exception: If a mouse button is pressed within the graphics window and held while the mouse is dragged outside the window, the mouse's position is returned as if the window were big enough to include it. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/modulo0000664000175000017500000000023013600031207014272 0ustar jjcjjcMODULO num1 num2 outputs the remainder on dividing "num1" by "num2"; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as num2. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/minus0000664000175000017500000000050613600031207014134 0ustar jjcjjcMINUS num - num outputs the negative of its input. Minus sign means unary minus if the previous token is an infix operator or open parenthesis, or it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. There is a difference in binding strength between the two forms: MINUS 3 + 4 means -(3+4) - 3 + 4 means (-3)+4 ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/memberp0000664000175000017500000000043713600031207014433 0ustar jjcjjcMEMBERP thing1 thing2 MEMBER? thing1 thing2 if "thing2" is a list or an array, outputs TRUE if "thing1" is EQUALP to a member of "thing2", FALSE otherwise. If "thing2" is a word, outputs TRUE if "thing1" is a one-character word EQUALP to a character of "thing2", FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/member0000664000175000017500000000051513600031207014250 0ustar jjcjjcMEMBER thing1 thing2 if "thing2" is a word or list and if MEMBERP with these inputs would output TRUE, outputs the portion of "thing2" from the first instance of "thing1" to the end. If MEMBERP would output FALSE, outputs the empty word or list according to the type of "thing2". It is an error for "thing2" to be an array. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/mdsetitem0000664000175000017500000000022013600031207014765 0ustar jjcjjcMDSETITEM indexlist array value (library procedure) command. Replaces the member of "array" chosen by "indexlist" with the new "value". ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/mditem0000664000175000017500000000022313600031207014254 0ustar jjcjjcMDITEM indexlist array (library procedure) outputs the member of the multidimensional "array" selected by the list of numbers "indexlist". ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/mdarray0000664000175000017500000000056413600031207014444 0ustar jjcjjcMDARRAY sizelist (library procedure) (MDARRAY sizelist origin) outputs a multi-dimensional array. The first input must be a list of one or more positive integers. The second input, if present, must be a single integer that applies to every dimension of the array. Ex: (MDARRAY [3 5] 0) outputs a two-dimensional array whose members range from [0 0] to [2 4]. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/mapdse0000664000175000017500000000216713600031207014257 0ustar jjcjjcMAP.SE template data (library procedure) (MAP.SE template data1 data2 ...) outputs a list formed by evaluating the template list repeatedly and concatenating the results using SENTENCE. That is, the members of the output are the members of the results of the evaluations. The output list might, therefore, be of a different length from that of the data input(s). (If the result of an evaluation is the empty list, it contributes nothing to the final output.) The data inputs may be words or lists. In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc. In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/map0000664000175000017500000000227313600031207013561 0ustar jjcjjcMAP template data (library procedure) (MAP template data1 data2 ...) outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the data input, of the same length as that data input. (If more than one data input are given, the output is of the same type as data1.) Each member of the output is the result of evaluating the template list, filling the slots with the corresponding member(s) of the data input(s). (All data inputs must be the same length.) In the case of a word output, the results of the template evaluation must be words, and they are concatenated with WORD. In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc. In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/make0000664000175000017500000000043613600031207013720 0ustar jjcjjcMAKE varname value command. Assigns the value "value" to the variable named "varname", which must be a word. Variable names are case-insensitive. If a variable with the same name already exists, the value of that variable is changed. If not, a new global variable is created. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/macrop0000664000175000017500000000011513600031207014256 0ustar jjcjjcMACROP name MACRO? name outputs TRUE if its input is the name of a macro. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/macroexpand0000664000175000017500000000067113600031207015305 0ustar jjcjjcMACROEXPAND expr (library procedure) takes as its input a Logo expression that invokes a macro (that is, one that begins with the name of a macro) and outputs the the Logo expression into which the macro would translate the input expression. .macro localmake :name :value op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]] end ? show macroexpand [localmake "pi 3.14159] [local "pi apply "make [pi 3.14159]] ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/lt0000664000175000017500000000017713600031207013424 0ustar jjcjjcLEFT degrees LT degrees turns the turtle counterclockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/lshift0000664000175000017500000000025613600031207014274 0ustar jjcjjcLSHIFT num1 num2 outputs "num1" logical-shifted to the left by "num2" bits. If num2 is negative, the shift is to the right with zero fill. The inputs must be integers. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/lput0000664000175000017500000000040613600031207013764 0ustar jjcjjcLPUT thing list outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the first input, at the end. If the second input is a word, then the first input must be a one-letter word, and LPUT is equivalent to WORD with its inputs in the other order. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/lowercase0000664000175000017500000000020313600031207014757 0ustar jjcjjcLOWERCASE word outputs a copy of the input word, but with all uppercase letters changed to the corresponding lowercase letter. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/logoversion0000664000175000017500000000013313600031207015343 0ustar jjcjjcLOGOVERSION (variable) a real number indicating the Logo version number, e.g., 5.5 ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/logoplatform0000664000175000017500000000015413600031207015505 0ustar jjcjjcLOGOPLATFORM (variable) one of the following words: wxWidgets, X11, Windows, or Unix-Nographics. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/log100000664000175000017500000000007013600031207013717 0ustar jjcjjcLOG10 num outputs the common logarithm of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/localmake0000664000175000017500000000022413600031207014726 0ustar jjcjjcLOCALMAKE varname value (library procedure) command. Makes the named variable local, like LOCAL, and assigns it the given value, like MAKE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/local0000664000175000017500000000107613600031207014076 0ustar jjcjjcLOCAL varname LOCAL varnamelist (LOCAL varname1 varname2 ...) command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The variables are local to the currently running procedure. Logo variables follow dynamic scope rules; a variable that is local to a procedure is available to any subprocedure invoked by that procedure. The variables created by LOCAL have no initial value; they must be assigned a value (e.g., with MAKE) before the procedure attempts to read their value. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/loadpict0000664000175000017500000000040013600031207014571 0ustar jjcjjcLOADPICT filename command. Reads the specified file, which must have been written by a SAVEPICT command, and restores the graphics window and color palette settings to the values stored in the file. Any drawing previously on the screen is cleared. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/loadnoisily0000664000175000017500000000022613600031207015326 0ustar jjcjjcLOADNOISILY (variable) if TRUE, prints the names of procedures defined when loading from a file (including the temporary file made by EDIT). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/load0000664000175000017500000000115013600031207013714 0ustar jjcjjcLOAD filename command. Reads instructions from the named file and executes them. The file can include procedure definitions with TO, and these are accepted even if a procedure by the same name already exists. If the file assigns a list value to a variable named STARTUP, then that list is run as an instructionlist after the file is loaded. If there is a variable LOADNOISILY whose value is TRUE, then TO commands in the file print "PROCNAME defined" (where PROCNAME is the name of the procedure being defined); if LOADNOISILY is FALSE or undefined, TO commands in the file are carried out silently. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ln0000664000175000017500000000006613600031207013413 0ustar jjcjjcLN num outputs the natural logarithm of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/listtoarray0000664000175000017500000000022513600031207015354 0ustar jjcjjcLISTTOARRAY list (LISTTOARRAY list origin) outputs an array of the same size as the input list, whose members are the members of the input list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/listp0000664000175000017500000000012113600031207014125 0ustar jjcjjcLISTP thing LIST? thing outputs TRUE if the input is a list, FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/list0000664000175000017500000000023013600031207013746 0ustar jjcjjcLIST thing1 thing2 (LIST thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) outputs a list whose members are its inputs, which can be any Logo datum (word, list, or array). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/lessp0000664000175000017500000000016113600031207014124 0ustar jjcjjcLESSP num1 num2 LESS? num1 num2 num1 < num2 outputs TRUE if its first input is strictly less than its second. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/lessequalp0000664000175000017500000000017713600031207015163 0ustar jjcjjcLESSEQUALP num1 num2 LESSEQUAL? num1 num2 num1 <= num2 outputs TRUE if its first input is less than or equal to its second. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/left0000664000175000017500000000017713600031207013737 0ustar jjcjjcLEFT degrees LT degrees turns the turtle counterclockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/last0000664000175000017500000000022113600031207013736 0ustar jjcjjcLAST wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs the last character of the word. If the input is a list, outputs the last member of the list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/labelsize0000664000175000017500000000066013600031207014754 0ustar jjcjjcLABELSIZE (wxWidgets only) outputs a list of two positive integers, the width and height of characters displayed by LABEL measured in turtle steps (which will be different from screen pixels if SETSCRUNCH has been used). There is no SETLABELSIZE because the width and height of a font are not separately controllable, so the inverse of this operation is SETLABELHEIGHT, which takes just one number for the desired height. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/label0000664000175000017500000000017613600031207014063 0ustar jjcjjcLABEL text takes a word or list as input, and prints the input on the graphics window, starting at the turtle's position. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/keyp0000664000175000017500000000105113600031207013745 0ustar jjcjjcKEYP KEY? predicate, outputs TRUE if there are characters waiting to be read from the read stream. If the read stream is a file, this is equivalent to NOT EOFP. If the read stream is the terminal, then echoing is turned off and the terminal is set to CBREAK (character at a time instead of line at a time) mode. It remains in this mode until some line-mode reading is requested (e.g., READLIST). The Unix operating system forgets about any pending characters when it switches modes, so the first KEYP invocation will always output FALSE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/keyact0000664000175000017500000000125713600031207014265 0ustar jjcjjcKEYACT (variable) if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a key is pressed on the keyboard. The instruction list can use READCHAR to find out what key was pressed. Note that only keys that produce characters qualify; pressing SHIFT or CONTROL alone will not cause KEYACT to be evaluated. Note that it's possible for the user to press a key during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting KEYACT to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: make "keyact [key.action] to key.action [:keyact []] ... ; whatever you want the key to do end ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/item0000664000175000017500000000053613600031207013742 0ustar jjcjjcITEM index thing if the "thing" is a word, outputs the "index"th character of the word. If the "thing" is a list, outputs the "index"th member of the list. If the "thing" is an array, outputs the "index"th member of the array. "Index" starts at 1 for words and lists; the starting index of an array is specified when the array is created. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/iseq0000664000175000017500000000024513600031207013742 0ustar jjcjjcISEQ from to (library procedure) outputs a list of the integers from FROM to TO, inclusive. ? show iseq 3 7 [3 4 5 6 7] ? show iseq 7 3 [7 6 5 4 3] ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/invoke0000664000175000017500000000032313600031207014271 0ustar jjcjjcINVOKE template input (library procedure) (INVOKE template input1 input2 ...) command or operation. Exactly like APPLY except that the inputs are provided as separate expressions rather than in a list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/int0000664000175000017500000000032313600031207013570 0ustar jjcjjcINT num outputs its input with fractional part removed, i.e., an integer with the same sign as the input, whose absolute value is the largest integer less than or equal to the absolute value of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/increasefont0000664000175000017500000000026413600031207015462 0ustar jjcjjcINCREASEFONT DECREASEFONT command (wxWidgets only). Increase or decrease the size of the font used in the text and edit windows to the next larger or smaller available size. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ignore0000664000175000017500000000023713600031207014265 0ustar jjcjjcIGNORE value (library procedure) command. Does nothing. Used when an expression is evaluated for a side effect and its actual value is unimportant. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/iftrue0000664000175000017500000000030313600031207014272 0ustar jjcjjcIFTRUE instructionlist IFT instructionlist command. Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had a TRUE input. The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ift0000664000175000017500000000030313600031207013556 0ustar jjcjjcIFTRUE instructionlist IFT instructionlist command. Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had a TRUE input. The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/iffalse0000664000175000017500000000030513600031207014407 0ustar jjcjjcIFFALSE instructionlist IFF instructionlist command. Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had a FALSE input. The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/iff0000664000175000017500000000030513600031207013542 0ustar jjcjjcIFFALSE instructionlist IFF instructionlist command. Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had a FALSE input. The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ifelse0000664000175000017500000000047213600031207014252 0ustar jjcjjcIFELSE tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2 command or operation. If the first input has the value TRUE, then IFELSE runs the second input. If the first input has the value FALSE, then IFELSE runs the third input. IFELSE outputs a value if the instructionlist contains an expression that outputs a value. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/if0000664000175000017500000000143513600031207013401 0ustar jjcjjcIF tf instructionlist (IF tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2) command. If the first input has the value TRUE, then IF runs the second input. If the first input has the value FALSE, then IF does nothing. (If given a third input, IF acts like IFELSE, as described below.) It is an error if the first input is not either TRUE or FALSE. For compatibility with earlier versions of Logo, if an IF instruction is not enclosed in parentheses, but the first thing on the instruction line after the second input expression is a literal list (i.e., a list in square brackets), the IF is treated as if it were IFELSE, but a warning message is given. If this aberrant IF appears in a procedure body, the warning is given only the first time the procedure is invoked in each Logo session. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ht0000664000175000017500000000030013600031207013404 0ustar jjcjjcHIDETURTLE HT makes the turtle invisible. It's a good idea to do this while you're in the middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing substantially. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/home0000664000175000017500000000014113600031207013724 0ustar jjcjjcHOME moves the turtle to the center of the screen. Equivalent to SETPOS [0 0] SETHEADING 0. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/hideturtle0000664000175000017500000000030013600031207015142 0ustar jjcjjcHIDETURTLE HT makes the turtle invisible. It's a good idea to do this while you're in the middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing substantially. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/help0000664000175000017500000000140113600031207013724 0ustar jjcjjcHELP name (HELP) command. Prints information from the reference manual about the primitive procedure named by the input. With no input, lists all the primitives about which help is available. If there is an environment variable LOGOHELP, then its value is taken as the directory in which to look for help files, instead of the default help directory. If HELP is called with the name of a defined procedure for which there is no help file, it will print the title line of the procedure followed by lines from the procedure body that start with semicolon, stopping when a non-semicolon line is seen. Exceptionally, the HELP command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/heading0000664000175000017500000000007613600031207014402 0ustar jjcjjcHEADING outputs a number, the turtle's heading in degrees. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/greaterp0000664000175000017500000000017213600031207014611 0ustar jjcjjcGREATERP num1 num2 GREATER? num1 num2 num1 > num2 outputs TRUE if its first input is strictly greater than its second. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/greaterequalp0000664000175000017500000000021113600031207015633 0ustar jjcjjcGREATEREQUALP num1 num2 GREATEREQUAL? num1 num2 num1 >= num2 outputs TRUE if its first input is greater than or equal to its second. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/gprop0000664000175000017500000000023413600031207014126 0ustar jjcjjcGPROP plistname propname outputs the value of the "propname" property in the "plistname" property list, or the empty list if there is no such property. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/goto0000664000175000017500000000032613600031207013751 0ustar jjcjjcGOTO word command. Looks for a TAG command with the same input in the same procedure, and continues running the procedure from the location of that TAG. It is meaningless to use GOTO outside of a procedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/global0000664000175000017500000000104513600031207014240 0ustar jjcjjcGLOBAL varname GLOBAL varnamelist (GLOBAL varname1 varname2 ...) command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A global variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The only reason this is necessary is that you might want to use the "setter" notation SETXYZ for a variable XYZ that does not already have a value; GLOBAL "XYZ makes that legal. Note: If there is currently a local variable of the same name, this command does *not* make Logo use the global value instead of the local one. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/gensym0000664000175000017500000000017413600031207014304 0ustar jjcjjcGENSYM (library procedure) outputs a unique word each time it's invoked. The words are of the form G1, G2, etc. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/gc0000664000175000017500000000164613600031207013400 0ustar jjcjjcGC (GC anything) command. Runs the garbage collector, reclaiming unused nodes. Logo does this when necessary anyway, but you may want to use this command to control exactly when Logo does it. In particular, the numbers output by the NODES operation will not be very meaningful unless garbage has been collected. Another reason to use GC is that a garbage collection takes a noticeable fraction of a second, and you may want to schedule collections for times before or after some time-critical animation. If invoked with an input (of any value), GC runs a full garbage collection, including GCTWA (Garbage Collect Truly Worthless Atoms, which means that it removes from Logo's memory words that used to be procedure or variable names but aren't any more); without an input, GC does a generational garbage collection, which means that only recently created nodes are examined. (The latter is usually good enough.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fulltext0000664000175000017500000000122013600031207014642 0ustar jjcjjcFULLTEXT procname outputs a representation of the procedure "procname" in which formatting information is preserved. If the procedure was defined with TO, EDIT, or LOAD, then the output is a list of words. Each word represents one entire line of the definition in the form output by READWORD, including extra spaces and continuation lines. The last member of the output represents the END line. If the procedure was defined with DEFINE, then the output is a list of lists. If these lists are printed, one per line, the result will look like a definition using TO. Note: the output from FULLTEXT is not suitable for use as input to DEFINE! ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fullscreen0000664000175000017500000000122513600031207015142 0ustar jjcjjcFULLSCREEN FS rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the graphics window. The details differ among machines. Compare SPLITSCREEN and TEXTSCREEN. Since there must be a text window to allow printing (including the printing of the Logo prompt), Logo automatically switches from fullscreen to splitscreen whenever anything is printed. In the DOS version, switching from fullscreen to splitscreen loses the part of the picture that's hidden by the text window. [This design decision follows from the scarcity of memory, so that the extra memory to remember an invisible part of a drawing seems too expensive.] ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fullprintp0000664000175000017500000000067313600031207015205 0ustar jjcjjcFULLPRINTP (variable) if TRUE, then words that were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same value. If FULLPRINTP is TRUE then the empty word (however it was created) prints as ||. (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fs0000664000175000017500000000122513600031207013410 0ustar jjcjjcFULLSCREEN FS rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the graphics window. The details differ among machines. Compare SPLITSCREEN and TEXTSCREEN. Since there must be a text window to allow printing (including the printing of the Logo prompt), Logo automatically switches from fullscreen to splitscreen whenever anything is printed. In the DOS version, switching from fullscreen to splitscreen loses the part of the picture that's hidden by the text window. [This design decision follows from the scarcity of memory, so that the extra memory to remember an invisible part of a drawing seems too expensive.] ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fput0000664000175000017500000000035113600031207013755 0ustar jjcjjcFPUT thing list outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the first input, at the beginning. If the second input is a word, then the first input must be a one-letter word, and FPUT is equivalent to WORD. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/forward0000664000175000017500000000021413600031207014441 0ustar jjcjjcFORWARD dist FD dist moves the turtle forward, in the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance (measured in turtle steps). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/form0000664000175000017500000000124613600031207013746 0ustar jjcjjcFORM num width precision outputs a word containing a printable representation of "num", possibly preceded by spaces (and therefore not a number for purposes of performing arithmetic operations), with at least "width" characters, including exactly "precision" digits after the decimal point. (If "precision" is 0 then there will be no decimal point in the output.) As a debugging feature, (FORM num -1 format) will print the floating point "num" according to the C printf "format", to allow to hex :num op form :num -1 "|%08X %08X| end to allow finding out the exact result of floating point operations. The precise format needed may be machine-dependent. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/forever0000664000175000017500000000023713600031207014452 0ustar jjcjjcFOREVER instructionlist command. Runs the "instructionlist" repeatedly, until something inside the instructionlist (such as STOP or THROW) makes it stop. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/foreach0000664000175000017500000000172413600031207014413 0ustar jjcjjcFOREACH data template (library procedure) (FOREACH data1 data2 ... template) command. Evaluates the template list repeatedly, once for each member of the data list. If more than one data list are given, each of them must be the same length. (The data inputs can be words, in which case the template is evaluated once for each character.) In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc. In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/for0000664000175000017500000000266613600031207013600 0ustar jjcjjcFOR forcontrol instructionlist (library procedure) command. The first input must be a list containing three or four members: (1) a word, which will be used as the name of a local variable; (2) a word or list that will be evaluated as by RUN to determine a number, the starting value of the variable; (3) a word or list that will be evaluated to determine a number, the limit value of the variable; (4) an optional word or list that will be evaluated to determine the step size. If the fourth member is missing, the step size will be 1 or -1 depending on whether the limit value is greater than or less than the starting value, respectively. The second input is an instructionlist. The effect of FOR is to run that instructionlist repeatedly, assigning a new value to the control variable (the one named by the first member of the forcontrol list) each time. First the starting value is assigned to the control variable. Then the value is compared to the limit value. FOR is complete when the sign of (current - limit) is the same as the sign of the step size. (If no explicit step size is provided, the instructionlist is always run at least once. An explicit step size can lead to a zero-trip FOR, e.g., FOR [I 1 0 1] ...) Otherwise, the instructionlist is run, then the step is added to the current value of the control variable and FOR returns to the comparison step. ? for [i 2 7 1.5] [print :i] 2 3.5 5 6.5 ? ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/font0000664000175000017500000000012413600031207013743 0ustar jjcjjcFONT (wxWidgets only) outputs the name of the font family used in all windows. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/firsts0000664000175000017500000000061413600031207014313 0ustar jjcjjcFIRSTS list outputs a list containing the FIRST of each member of the input list. It is an error if any member of the input list is empty. (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.) This could be written as to firsts :list output map "first :list end but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools MAP, MAP.SE, and FOREACH. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/first0000664000175000017500000000040213600031207014123 0ustar jjcjjcFIRST thing if the input is a word, outputs the first character of the word. If the input is a list, outputs the first member of the list. If the input is an array, outputs the origin of the array (that is, the INDEX OF the first member of the array). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/find0000664000175000017500000000155413600031207013725 0ustar jjcjjcFIND tftemplate data (library procedure) outputs the first constituent of the data input (the first member of a list, or the first character of a word) for which the value produced by evaluating the template with that consituent in its slot is TRUE. If there is no such constituent, the empty list is output. In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/filter0000664000175000017500000000177213600031207014274 0ustar jjcjjcFILTER tftemplate data (library procedure) outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the data input, containing a subset of the members (for a list) or characters (for a word) of the input. The template is evaluated once for each member or character of the data, and it must produce a TRUE or FALSE value. If the value is TRUE, then the corresponding input constituent is included in the output. ? print filter "vowelp "elephant eea ? In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/filled0000664000175000017500000000062313600031207014240 0ustar jjcjjcFILLED color instructions runs the instructions, remembering all points visited by turtle motion commands, starting *and ending* with the turtle's initial position. Then draws (ignoring penmode) the resulting polygon, in the current pen color, filling the polygon with the given color, which can be a color number or an RGB list. The instruction list cannot include another FILLED invocation. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fill0000664000175000017500000000036313600031207013730 0ustar jjcjjcFILL fills in a region of the graphics window containing the turtle and bounded by lines that have been drawn earlier. This is not portable; it doesn't work for all machines, and may not work exactly the same way on different machines. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/filep0000664000175000017500000000023513600031207014077 0ustar jjcjjcFILEP filename FILE? filename (library procedure) predicate, outputs TRUE if a file of the specified name exists and can be read, FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fence0000664000175000017500000000040213600031207014054 0ustar jjcjjcFENCE tells the turtle to enter fence mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move as far as it can and then stop at the edge with an "out of bounds" error message. Compare WRAP and WINDOW. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/fd0000664000175000017500000000021413600031207013366 0ustar jjcjjcFORWARD dist FD dist moves the turtle forward, in the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance (measured in turtle steps). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/exp0000664000175000017500000000007013600031207013571 0ustar jjcjjcEXP num outputs e (2.718281828+) to the input power. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/error0000664000175000017500000000066113600031207014134 0ustar jjcjjcERROR outputs a list describing the error just caught, if any. If there was not an error caught since the last use of ERROR, the empty list will be output. The error list contains four members: an integer code corresponding to the type of error, the text of the error message (as a single word including spaces), the name of the procedure in which the error occurred, and the instruction line on which the error occurred. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erract0000664000175000017500000000023213600031207014255 0ustar jjcjjcERRACT (variable) an instructionlist that will be run in the event of an error. Typically has the value [PAUSE] to allow interactive debugging. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erps0000664000175000017500000000014413600031207013750 0ustar jjcjjcERPS command. Erases all unburied procedures from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE PROCEDURES. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erpls0000664000175000017500000000014513600031207014125 0ustar jjcjjcERPLS command. Erases all unburied property lists from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE PLISTS. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erpl0000664000175000017500000000025613600031207013745 0ustar jjcjjcERPL plname (library procedure) ERPL plnamelist command. Erases from the workspace the property list(s) named in the input. Abbreviates ERASE PLLIST plname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erns0000664000175000017500000000013613600031207013747 0ustar jjcjjcERNS command. Erases all unburied variables from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE NAMES. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ern0000664000175000017500000000025413600031207013565 0ustar jjcjjcERN varname (library procedure) ERN varnamelist command. Erases from the workspace the variable(s) named in the input. Abbreviates ERASE NAMELIST varname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erf0000664000175000017500000000017413600031207013556 0ustar jjcjjcERASEFILE filename ERF filename command. Erases (deletes, removes) the named file, which should not currently be open. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erasefile0000664000175000017500000000017413600031207014741 0ustar jjcjjcERASEFILE filename ERF filename command. Erases (deletes, removes) the named file, which should not currently be open. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erase0000664000175000017500000000034513600031207014101 0ustar jjcjjcERASE contentslist ER contentslist command. Erases from the workspace the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. Primitive procedures may not be erased unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/erall0000664000175000017500000000020313600031207014072 0ustar jjcjjcERALL command. Erases all unburied procedures, variables, and property lists from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE CONTENTS. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/er0000664000175000017500000000034513600031207013410 0ustar jjcjjcERASE contentslist ER contentslist command. Erases from the workspace the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. Primitive procedures may not be erased unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/equalp0000664000175000017500000000155513600031207014275 0ustar jjcjjcEQUALP thing1 thing2 EQUAL? thing1 thing2 thing1 = thing2 outputs TRUE if the inputs are equal, FALSE otherwise. Two numbers are equal if they have the same numeric value. Two non-numeric words are equal if they contain the same characters in the same order. If there is a variable named CASEIGNOREDP whose value is TRUE, then an upper case letter is considered the same as the corresponding lower case letter. (This is the case by default.) Two lists are equal if their members are equal. An array is only equal to itself; two separately created arrays are never equal even if their members are equal. (It is important to be able to know if two expressions have the same array as their value because arrays are mutable; if, for example, two variables have the same array as their values then performing SETITEM on one of them will also change the other.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/epspict0000664000175000017500000000061113600031207014445 0ustar jjcjjcEPSPICT filename command. Writes a file with the specified name, containing an Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) representation of the state of the graphics window. This file can be imported into other programs that understand EPS format. Restrictions: the drawing cannot use FILL, PENERASE, or PENREVERSE; any such instructions will be ignored in the translation to Postscript form. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/eofp0000664000175000017500000000017313600031207013732 0ustar jjcjjcEOFP EOF? predicate, outputs TRUE if there are no more characters to be read in the read stream file, FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/emptyp0000664000175000017500000000015613600031207014320 0ustar jjcjjcEMPTYP thing EMPTY? thing outputs TRUE if the input is the empty word or the empty list, FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/edps0000664000175000017500000000011113600031207013724 0ustar jjcjjcEDPS (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT PROCEDURES. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/edpls0000664000175000017500000000010613600031207014104 0ustar jjcjjcEDPLS (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT PLISTS. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/edpl0000664000175000017500000000015013600031207013720 0ustar jjcjjcEDPL plname (library procedure) EDPL plnamelist command. Abbreviates EDIT PLLIST plname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/edns0000664000175000017500000000010413600031207013724 0ustar jjcjjcEDNS (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT NAMES. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/edn0000664000175000017500000000015313600031207013545 0ustar jjcjjcEDN varname (library procedure) EDN varnamelist command. Abbreviates EDIT NAMELIST varname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/editfile0000664000175000017500000000103213600031207014561 0ustar jjcjjcEDITFILE filename command. Starts the Logo editor, like EDIT, but instead of editing a temporary file it edits the file specified by the input. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised file, as for EDIT. EDITFILE also remembers the filename, so that a subsequent EDIT command with no input will re-edit the same file. EDITFILE is intended as an alternative to LOAD and SAVE. You can maintain a workspace file yourself, controlling the order in which definitions appear, maintaining comments in the file, and so on. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/edit0000664000175000017500000000266713600031207013740 0ustar jjcjjcEDIT contentslist ED contentslist (EDIT) (ED) command. If invoked with an input, EDIT writes the definitions of the named items into a temporary file and edits that file, using an editor that depends on the platform you're using. In wxWidgets, and in the MacOS Classic version, there is an editor built into Logo. In the non-wxWidgets versions for Unix, MacOS X, Windows, and DOS, Logo uses your favorite editor as determined by the EDITOR environment variable. If you don't have an EDITOR variable, edits the definitions using jove. If invoked without an input, EDIT edits the same file left over from a previous EDIT or EDITFILE instruction. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised definitions and modifies the workspace accordingly. It is not an error if the input includes names for which there is no previous definition. If there is a variable LOADNOISILY whose value is TRUE, then, after leaving the editor, TO commands in the temporary file print "PROCNAME defined" (where PROCNAME is the name of the procedure being defined); if LOADNOISILY is FALSE or undefined, TO commands in the file are carried out silently. If there is an environment variable called TEMP, then Logo uses its value as the directory in which to write the temporary file used for editing. Exceptionally, the EDIT command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/edall0000664000175000017500000000011013600031207014051 0ustar jjcjjcEDALL (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT CONTENTS. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ed0000664000175000017500000000266713600031207013403 0ustar jjcjjcEDIT contentslist ED contentslist (EDIT) (ED) command. If invoked with an input, EDIT writes the definitions of the named items into a temporary file and edits that file, using an editor that depends on the platform you're using. In wxWidgets, and in the MacOS Classic version, there is an editor built into Logo. In the non-wxWidgets versions for Unix, MacOS X, Windows, and DOS, Logo uses your favorite editor as determined by the EDITOR environment variable. If you don't have an EDITOR variable, edits the definitions using jove. If invoked without an input, EDIT edits the same file left over from a previous EDIT or EDITFILE instruction. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised definitions and modifies the workspace accordingly. It is not an error if the input includes names for which there is no previous definition. If there is a variable LOADNOISILY whose value is TRUE, then, after leaving the editor, TO commands in the temporary file print "PROCNAME defined" (where PROCNAME is the name of the procedure being defined); if LOADNOISILY is FALSE or undefined, TO commands in the file are carried out silently. If there is an environment variable called TEMP, then Logo uses its value as the directory in which to write the temporary file used for editing. Exceptionally, the EDIT command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dsetsegmentsize0000664000175000017500000000100013600031207016204 0ustar jjcjjc.SETSEGMENTSIZE num command. Sets the number of nodes that Logo allocates from the operating system at once to num, which must be a positive integer. The name is dotted because bad things will happen if you use a number that's too small or too large for your computer. The initial value is 16,000 for most systems, but is smaller for 68000-based Macs. Making it larger will speed up computations (by reducing the number of garbage collections) at the cost of allocating more memory than necessary. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dsetitem0000664000175000017500000000056413600031207014623 0ustar jjcjjc.SETITEM index array value command. Changes the "index"th member of "array" to be "value", like SETITEM, but without checking for circularity. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of .SETITEM can lead to circular arrays, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dsetfirst0000664000175000017500000000064413600031207015013 0ustar jjcjjc.SETFIRST list value command. Changes the first member of "list" to be "value". WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of .SETFIRST can lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops, and to unexpected changes to other data structures that share storage with the list being modified. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dsetbf0000664000175000017500000000074413600031207014254 0ustar jjcjjc.SETBF list value command. Changes the butfirst of "list" to be "value". WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of .SETBF can lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops; unexpected changes to other data structures that share storage with the list being modified; or to Logo crashes and coredumps if the butfirst of a list is not itself a list. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dribble0000664000175000017500000000057213600031207014407 0ustar jjcjjcDRIBBLE filename command. Creates a new file whose name is the input, like OPENWRITE, and begins recording in that file everything that is read from the keyboard or written to the terminal. That is, this writing is in addition to the writing to WRITER. The intent is to create a transcript of a Logo session, including things like prompt characters and interactions. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dodwhile0000664000175000017500000000054113600031207014577 0ustar jjcjjcDO.WHILE instructionlist tfexpression (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the evaluated "tfexpression" remains TRUE. Evaluates the first input first, so the "instructionlist" is always run at least once. The "tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/doduntil0000664000175000017500000000054213600031207014623 0ustar jjcjjcDO.UNTIL instructionlist tfexpression (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the evaluated "tfexpression" remains FALSE. Evaluates the first input first, so the "instructionlist" is always run at least once. The "tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dmaybeoutput0000664000175000017500000000137313600031207015526 0ustar jjcjjc.MAYBEOUTPUT value (special form) works like OUTPUT except that the expression that provides the input value might not, in fact, output a value, in which case the effect is like STOP. This is intended for use in control structure definitions, for cases in which you don't know whether or not some expression produces a value. Example: to invoke :function [:inputs] 2 .maybeoutput apply :function :inputs end ? (invoke "print "a "b "c) a b c ? print (invoke "word "a "b "c) abc This is an alternative to RUNRESULT. It's fast and easy to use, at the cost of being an exception to Logo's evaluation rules. (Ordinarily, it should be an error if the expression that's supposed to provide an input to something doesn't have a value.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dmacro0000664000175000017500000001106713600031207014252 0ustar jjcjjc.MACRO procname :input1 :input2 ... (special form) .DEFMACRO procname text A macro is a special kind of procedure whose output is evaluated as Logo instructions in the context of the macro's caller. .MACRO is exactly like TO except that the new procedure becomes a macro; .DEFMACRO is exactly like DEFINE with the same exception. Macros are useful for inventing new control structures comparable to REPEAT, IF, and so on. Such control structures can almost, but not quite, be duplicated by ordinary Logo procedures. For example, here is an ordinary procedure version of REPEAT: to my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [stop] run :instructions my.repeat :num-1 :instructions end This version works fine for most purposes, e.g., my.repeat 5 [print "hello] But it doesn't work if the instructions to be carried out include OUTPUT, STOP, or LOCAL. For example, consider this procedure: to example print [Guess my secret word. You get three guesses.] repeat 3 [type "|?? | ~ if readword = "secret [pr "Right! stop]] print [Sorry, the word was "secret"!] end This procedure works as written, but if MY.REPEAT is used instead of REPEAT, it won't work because the STOP will stop MY.REPEAT instead of stopping EXAMPLE as desired. The solution is to make MY.REPEAT a macro. Instead of actually carrying out the computation, a macro must return a list containing Logo instructions. The contents of that list are evaluated as if they appeared in place of the call to the macro. Here's a macro version of REPEAT: .macro my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [output []] output sentence :instructions ~ (list "my.repeat :num-1 :instructions) end Every macro is an operation -- it must always output something. Even in the base case, MY.REPEAT outputs an empty instruction list. To show how MY.REPEAT works, let's take the example my.repeat 5 [print "hello] For this example, MY.REPEAT will output the instruction list [print "hello my.repeat 4 [print "hello]] Logo then executes these instructions in place of the original invocation of MY.REPEAT; this prints "hello" once and invokes another repetition. The technique just shown, although fairly easy to understand, has the defect of slowness because each repetition has to construct an instruction list for evaluation. Another approach is to make MY.REPEAT a macro that works just like the non-macro version unless the instructions to be repeated include OUTPUT or STOP: .macro my.repeat :num :instructions catch "repeat.catchtag ~ [op repeat.done runresult [repeat1 :num :instructions]] op [] end to repeat1 :num :instructions if :num=0 [throw "repeat.catchtag] run :instructions .maybeoutput repeat1 :num-1 :instructions end to repeat.done :repeat.result if emptyp :repeat.result [op [stop]] op list "output quoted first :repeat.result end If the instructions do not include STOP or OUTPUT, then REPEAT1 will reach its base case and invoke THROW. As a result, MY.REPEAT's last instruction line will output an empty list, so the evaluation of the macro result by the caller will do nothing. But if a STOP or OUTPUT happens, then REPEAT.DONE will output a STOP or OUTPUT instruction that will be executed in the caller's context. The macro-defining commands have names starting with a dot because macros are an advanced feature of Logo; it's easy to get in trouble by defining a macro that doesn't terminate, or by failing to construct the instruction list properly. Lisp users should note that Logo macros are NOT special forms. That is, the inputs to the macro are evaluated normally, as they would be for any other Logo procedure. It's only the output from the macro that's handled unusually. Here's another example: .macro localmake :name :value output (list "local ~ word "" :name ~ "apply ~ ""make ~ (list :name :value)) end It's used this way: to try localmake "garply "hello print :garply end LOCALMAKE outputs the list [local "garply apply "make [garply hello]] The reason for the use of APPLY is to avoid having to decide whether or not the second input to MAKE requires a quotation mark before it. (In this case it would -- MAKE "GARPLY "HELLO -- but the quotation mark would be wrong if the value were a list.) It's often convenient to use the ` function to construct the instruction list: .macro localmake :name :value op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]] end On the other hand, ` is pretty slow, since it's tree recursive and written in Logo. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/difference0000664000175000017500000000040013600031207015064 0ustar jjcjjcDIFFERENCE num1 num2 num1 - num2 outputs the difference of its inputs. Minus sign means infix difference in ambiguous contexts (when preceded by a complete expression), unless it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. (See also MINUS.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/dequeue0000664000175000017500000000031213600031207014431 0ustar jjcjjcDEQUEUE queuename (library procedure) outputs the least recently QUEUEd member of the queue that is the value of the variable whose name is "queuename" and removes that member from the queue. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/deq0000664000175000017500000000063313600031207013553 0ustar jjcjjc.EQ thing1 thing2 outputs TRUE if its two inputs are the same datum, so that applying a mutator to one will change the other as well. Outputs FALSE otherwise, even if the inputs are equal in value. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of mutators can lead to circular data structures, infinite loops, or Logo crashes. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/definedp0000664000175000017500000000020213600031207014550 0ustar jjcjjcDEFINEDP name DEFINED? name outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a user-defined procedure, including a library procedure. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/define0000664000175000017500000000147613600031207014242 0ustar jjcjjcDEFINE procname text command. Defines a procedure with name "procname" and text "text". If there is already a procedure with the same name, the new definition replaces the old one. The text input must be a list whose members are lists. The first member is a list of inputs; it looks like a TO line but without the word TO, without the procedure name, and without the colons before input names. In other words, the members of this first sublist are words for the names of required inputs and lists for the names of optional or rest inputs. The remaining sublists of the text input make up the body of the procedure, with one sublist for each instruction line of the body. (There is no END line in the text input.) It is an error to redefine a primitive procedure unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/decreasefont0000664000175000017500000000026413600031207015444 0ustar jjcjjcINCREASEFONT DECREASEFONT command (wxWidgets only). Increase or decrease the size of the font used in the text and edit windows to the next larger or smaller available size. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ddefmacro0000664000175000017500000001106713600031207014731 0ustar jjcjjc.MACRO procname :input1 :input2 ... (special form) .DEFMACRO procname text A macro is a special kind of procedure whose output is evaluated as Logo instructions in the context of the macro's caller. .MACRO is exactly like TO except that the new procedure becomes a macro; .DEFMACRO is exactly like DEFINE with the same exception. Macros are useful for inventing new control structures comparable to REPEAT, IF, and so on. Such control structures can almost, but not quite, be duplicated by ordinary Logo procedures. For example, here is an ordinary procedure version of REPEAT: to my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [stop] run :instructions my.repeat :num-1 :instructions end This version works fine for most purposes, e.g., my.repeat 5 [print "hello] But it doesn't work if the instructions to be carried out include OUTPUT, STOP, or LOCAL. For example, consider this procedure: to example print [Guess my secret word. You get three guesses.] repeat 3 [type "|?? | ~ if readword = "secret [pr "Right! stop]] print [Sorry, the word was "secret"!] end This procedure works as written, but if MY.REPEAT is used instead of REPEAT, it won't work because the STOP will stop MY.REPEAT instead of stopping EXAMPLE as desired. The solution is to make MY.REPEAT a macro. Instead of actually carrying out the computation, a macro must return a list containing Logo instructions. The contents of that list are evaluated as if they appeared in place of the call to the macro. Here's a macro version of REPEAT: .macro my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [output []] output sentence :instructions ~ (list "my.repeat :num-1 :instructions) end Every macro is an operation -- it must always output something. Even in the base case, MY.REPEAT outputs an empty instruction list. To show how MY.REPEAT works, let's take the example my.repeat 5 [print "hello] For this example, MY.REPEAT will output the instruction list [print "hello my.repeat 4 [print "hello]] Logo then executes these instructions in place of the original invocation of MY.REPEAT; this prints "hello" once and invokes another repetition. The technique just shown, although fairly easy to understand, has the defect of slowness because each repetition has to construct an instruction list for evaluation. Another approach is to make MY.REPEAT a macro that works just like the non-macro version unless the instructions to be repeated include OUTPUT or STOP: .macro my.repeat :num :instructions catch "repeat.catchtag ~ [op repeat.done runresult [repeat1 :num :instructions]] op [] end to repeat1 :num :instructions if :num=0 [throw "repeat.catchtag] run :instructions .maybeoutput repeat1 :num-1 :instructions end to repeat.done :repeat.result if emptyp :repeat.result [op [stop]] op list "output quoted first :repeat.result end If the instructions do not include STOP or OUTPUT, then REPEAT1 will reach its base case and invoke THROW. As a result, MY.REPEAT's last instruction line will output an empty list, so the evaluation of the macro result by the caller will do nothing. But if a STOP or OUTPUT happens, then REPEAT.DONE will output a STOP or OUTPUT instruction that will be executed in the caller's context. The macro-defining commands have names starting with a dot because macros are an advanced feature of Logo; it's easy to get in trouble by defining a macro that doesn't terminate, or by failing to construct the instruction list properly. Lisp users should note that Logo macros are NOT special forms. That is, the inputs to the macro are evaluated normally, as they would be for any other Logo procedure. It's only the output from the macro that's handled unusually. Here's another example: .macro localmake :name :value output (list "local ~ word "" :name ~ "apply ~ ""make ~ (list :name :value)) end It's used this way: to try localmake "garply "hello print :garply end LOCALMAKE outputs the list [local "garply apply "make [garply hello]] The reason for the use of APPLY is to avoid having to decide whether or not the second input to MAKE requires a quotation mark before it. (In this case it would -- MAKE "GARPLY "HELLO -- but the quotation mark would be wrong if the value were a list.) It's often convenient to use the ` function to construct the instruction list: .macro localmake :name :value op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]] end On the other hand, ` is pretty slow, since it's tree recursive and written in Logo. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/cursor0000664000175000017500000000041713600031207014317 0ustar jjcjjcCURSOR outputs a list containing the current x and y coordinates of the text cursor. Logo may get confused about the current cursor position if, e.g., you type in a long line that wraps around or your program prints escape codes that affect the screen strangely. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ct0000664000175000017500000000006213600031207013404 0ustar jjcjjcCLEARTEXT CT command. Clears the text window. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/cslsload0000664000175000017500000000026213600031207014604 0ustar jjcjjcCSLSLOAD name command. Loads the named file, like LOAD, but from the directory containing the Computer Science Logo Style programs instead of the current user's directory. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/cs0000664000175000017500000000020713600031207013404 0ustar jjcjjcCLEARSCREEN CS erases the graphics window and sends the turtle to its initial position and heading. Like HOME and CLEAN together. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/crossmap0000664000175000017500000000154313600031207014632 0ustar jjcjjcCROSSMAP template listlist (library procedure) (CROSSMAP template data1 data2 ...) outputs a list containing the results of template evaluations. Each data list contributes to a slot in the template; the number of slots is equal to the number of data list inputs. As a special case, if only one data list input is given, that list is taken as a list of data lists, and each of its members contributes values to a slot. CROSSMAP differs from MAP in that instead of taking members from the data inputs in parallel, it takes all possible combinations of members of data inputs, which need not be the same length. ? show (crossmap [word ?1 ?2] [a b c] [1 2 3 4]) [a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 c1 c2 c3 c4] ? For compatibility with the version in the first edition of CSLS, CROSSMAP templates may use the notation :1 instead of ?1 to indicate slots. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/count0000664000175000017500000000041113600031207014124 0ustar jjcjjcCOUNT thing outputs the number of characters in the input, if the input is a word; outputs the number of members in the input, if it is a list or an array. (For an array, this may or may not be the index of the last member, depending on the array's origin.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/cos0000664000175000017500000000011313600031207013557 0ustar jjcjjcCOS degrees outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in degrees. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/copydef0000664000175000017500000000066213600031207014435 0ustar jjcjjcCOPYDEF newname oldname command. Makes "newname" a procedure identical to "oldname". The latter may be a primitive. If "newname" was already defined, its previous definition is lost. If "newname" was already a primitive, the redefinition is not permitted unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE. Note: dialects of Logo differ as to the order of inputs to COPYDEF. This dialect uses "MAKE order," not "NAME order." ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/continue0000664000175000017500000000066013600031207014626 0ustar jjcjjcCONTINUE value CO value (CONTINUE) (CO) command. Ends the current interactive pause, returning to the context of the PAUSE invocation that began it. If CONTINUE is given an input, that value is used as the output from the PAUSE. If not, the PAUSE does not output. Exceptionally, the CONTINUE command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/contents0000664000175000017500000000033113600031207014632 0ustar jjcjjcCONTENTS outputs a "contents list," i.e., a list of three lists containing names of defined procedures, variables, and property lists respectively. This list includes all unburied named items in the workspace. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/cond0000664000175000017500000000202713600031207013724 0ustar jjcjjcCOND clauses (library procedure) command or operation. The input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either an expression whose value is TRUE or FALSE, or the word ELSE, and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. COND examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word ELSE (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if any. Otherwise, the first element of the clause is evaluated; the resulting value must be TRUE or FALSE. If it's TRUE, then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and COND outputs its value, if any. If the value is FALSE, then COND goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, COND does nothing. Example: to evens :numbers ; select even numbers from a list op cond [ [[emptyp :numbers] []] [[evenp first :numbers] ; assuming EVENP is defined fput first :numbers evens butfirst :numbers] [else evens butfirst :numbers] ] end ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/commandline0000664000175000017500000000016313600031207015266 0ustar jjcjjcCOMMANDLINE (variable) contains any text appearing after a hyphen on the command line used to start Logo. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/combine0000664000175000017500000000022513600031207014413 0ustar jjcjjcCOMBINE thing1 thing2 (library procedure) if thing2 is a word, outputs WORD thing1 thing2. If thing2 is a list, outputs FPUT thing1 thing2. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/co0000664000175000017500000000066013600031207013403 0ustar jjcjjcCONTINUE value CO value (CONTINUE) (CO) command. Ends the current interactive pause, returning to the context of the PAUSE invocation that began it. If CONTINUE is given an input, that value is used as the output from the PAUSE. If not, the PAUSE does not output. Exceptionally, the CONTINUE command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/closeall0000664000175000017500000000015613600031207014600 0ustar jjcjjcCLOSEALL (library procedure) command. Closes all open files. Abbreviates FOREACH ALLOPEN [CLOSE ?] ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/close0000664000175000017500000000032513600031207014105 0ustar jjcjjcCLOSE filename command. Closes the named file. If the file was currently the reader or writer, then the reader or writer is changed to the keyboard or screen, as if SETREAD [] or SETWRITE [] had been done. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/clickpos0000664000175000017500000000031713600031207014610 0ustar jjcjjcCLICKPOS outputs the coordinates that the mouse was at when a mouse button was most recently pushed, provided that that position was within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. (wxWidgets only) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/cleartext0000664000175000017500000000006213600031207014771 0ustar jjcjjcCLEARTEXT CT command. Clears the text window. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/clearscreen0000664000175000017500000000020713600031207015265 0ustar jjcjjcCLEARSCREEN CS erases the graphics window and sends the turtle to its initial position and heading. Like HOME and CLEAN together. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/clean0000664000175000017500000000022513600031207014061 0ustar jjcjjcCLEAN erases all lines that the turtle has drawn on the graphics window. The turtle's state (position, heading, pen mode, etc.) is not changed. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/char0000664000175000017500000000017313600031207013716 0ustar jjcjjcCHAR int outputs the character represented in the ASCII code by the input, which must be an integer between 0 and 255. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/catch0000664000175000017500000000172013600031207014062 0ustar jjcjjcCATCH tag instructionlist command or operation. Runs its second input. Outputs if that instructionlist outputs. If, while running the instructionlist, a THROW instruction is executed with a tag equal to the first input (case-insensitive comparison), then the running of the instructionlist is terminated immediately. In this case the CATCH outputs if a value input is given to THROW. The tag must be a word. If the tag is the word ERROR, then any error condition that arises during the running of the instructionlist has the effect of THROW "ERROR instead of printing an error message and returning to toplevel. The CATCH does not output if an error is caught. Also, during the running of the instructionlist, the variable ERRACT is temporarily unbound. (If there is an error while ERRACT has a value, that value is taken as an instructionlist to be run after printing the error message. Typically the value of ERRACT, if any, is the list [PAUSE].) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/caseignoredp0000664000175000017500000000032213600031207015440 0ustar jjcjjcCASEIGNOREDP (variable) if TRUE, indicates that lower case and upper case letters should be considered equal by EQUALP, BEFOREP, MEMBERP, etc. Logo initially makes this variable TRUE, and buries it. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/case0000664000175000017500000000147213600031207013717 0ustar jjcjjcCASE value clauses (library procedure) command or operation. The second input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either a list of values or the word ELSE and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. CASE examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word ELSE (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if any. If the first input to CASE is a member of the first element of a clause, then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if any. If neither of these conditions is met, then CASE goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, CASE does nothing. Example: to vowelp :letter output case :letter [ [[a e i o u] "true] [else "false] ] end ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/cascade0000664000175000017500000000512213600031207014363 0ustar jjcjjcCASCADE endtest template startvalue (library procedure) (CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ...) (CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ... finaltemplate) outputs the result of applying a template (or several templates, as explained below) repeatedly, with a given value filling the slot the first time, and the result of each application filling the slot for the following application. In the simplest case, CASCADE has three inputs. The second input is a one-slot expression template. That template is evaluated some number of times (perhaps zero). On the first evaluation, the slot is filled with the third input; on subsequent evaluations, the slot is filled with the result of the previous evaluation. The number of evaluations is determined by the first input. This can be either a nonnegative integer, in which case the template is evaluated that many times, or a predicate expression template, in which case it is evaluated (with the same slot filler that will be used for the evaluation of the second input) repeatedly, and the CASCADE evaluation continues as long as the predicate value is FALSE. (In other words, the predicate template indicates the condition for stopping.) If the template is evaluated zero times, the output from CASCADE is the third (startvalue) input. Otherwise, the output is the value produced by the last template evaluation. CASCADE templates may include the symbol # to represent the number of times the template has been evaluated. This slot is filled with 1 for the first evaluation, 2 for the second, and so on. ? show cascade 5 [lput # ?] [] [1 2 3 4 5] ? show cascade [vowelp first ?] [bf ?] "spring ing ? show cascade 5 [# * ?] 1 120 ? Several cascaded results can be computed in parallel by providing additional template-startvalue pairs as inputs to CASCADE. In this case, all templates (including the endtest template, if used) are multi-slot, with the number of slots equal to the number of pairs of inputs. In each round of evaluations, ?2, for example, represents the result of evaluating the second template in the previous round. If the total number of inputs (including the first endtest input) is odd, then the output from CASCADE is the final value of the first template. If the total number of inputs is even, then the last input is a template that is evaluated once, after the end test is satisfied, to determine the output from CASCADE. to fibonacci :n output (cascade :n [?1 + ?2] 1 [?1] 0) end to piglatin :word output (cascade [vowelp first ?] ~ [word bf ? first ?] ~ :word ~ [word ? "ay]) end ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bye0000664000175000017500000000010313600031207013551 0ustar jjcjjcBYE command. Exits from Logo; returns to the operating system. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/buttonp0000664000175000017500000000035613600031207014477 0ustar jjcjjcBUTTONP BUTTON? outputs TRUE if a mouse button is down and the mouse is over the graphics window. Once the button is down, BUTTONP remains true until the button is released, even if the mouse is dragged out of the graphics window. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/buttonact0000664000175000017500000000150213600031207015001 0ustar jjcjjcBUTTONACT (variable) if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a mouse button is pressed. Note that the user may have released the button before the instructions are evaluated. BUTTON will still output which button was most recently pressed. CLICKPOS will output the position of the mouse cursor at the moment the button was pressed; this may be different from MOUSEPOS if the user moves the mouse after clicking. Note that it's possible for the user to press a button during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting BUTTONACT to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: make "buttonact [button.action] to button.action [:buttonact []] ... ; whatever you want the button to do end ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/button0000664000175000017500000000050113600031207014307 0ustar jjcjjcBUTTON outputs 0 if no mouse button has been pushed inside the Logo window since the last call to BUTTON. Otherwise, it outputs an integer between 1 and 3 indicating which button was most recently pressed. Ordinarily 1 means left, 2 means right, and 3 means center, but operating systems may reconfigure these. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/butlast0000664000175000017500000000033213600031207014454 0ustar jjcjjcBUTLAST wordorlist BL wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the last character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the last member of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/butfirsts0000664000175000017500000000065713600031207015035 0ustar jjcjjcBUTFIRSTS list BFS list outputs a list containing the BUTFIRST of each member of the input list. It is an error if any member of the input list is empty or an array. (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.) This could be written as to butfirsts :list output map "butfirst :list end but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools MAP, MAP.SE, and FOREACH. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/butfirst0000664000175000017500000000033513600031207014643 0ustar jjcjjcBUTFIRST wordorlist BF wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the first character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the first member of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/buryname0000664000175000017500000000016413600031207014623 0ustar jjcjjcBURYNAME varname (library procedure) BURYNAME varnamelist command. Abbreviates BURY NAMELIST varname(list). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/buryall0000664000175000017500000000011213600031207014444 0ustar jjcjjcBURYALL (library procedure) command. Abbreviates BURY CONTENTS. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bury0000664000175000017500000000050713600031207013763 0ustar jjcjjcBURY contentslist command. Buries the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. A buried item is not included in the lists output by CONTENTS, PROCEDURES, VARIABLES, and PLISTS, but is included in the list output by BURIED. By implication, buried things are not printed by POALL or saved by SAVE. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/buriedp0000664000175000017500000000057613600031207014442 0ustar jjcjjcBURIEDP contentslist BURIED? contentslist outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is buried, FALSE if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can BURIEDP [[] [VARIABLE]] or BURIEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]]. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/buried0000664000175000017500000000012613600031207014251 0ustar jjcjjcBURIED outputs a contents list including all buried named items in the workspace. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bl0000664000175000017500000000033213600031207013373 0ustar jjcjjcBUTLAST wordorlist BL wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the last character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the last member of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bk0000664000175000017500000000026513600031207013377 0ustar jjcjjcBACK dist BK dist moves the turtle backward, i.e., exactly opposite to the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance. (The heading of the turtle does not change.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bitxor0000664000175000017500000000017113600031207014306 0ustar jjcjjcBITXOR num1 num2 (BITXOR num1 num2 num3 ...) outputs the bitwise EXCLUSIVE OR of its inputs, which must be integers. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bitor0000664000175000017500000000015413600031207014117 0ustar jjcjjcBITOR num1 num2 (BITOR num1 num2 num3 ...) outputs the bitwise OR of its inputs, which must be integers. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bitnot0000664000175000017500000000011613600031207014275 0ustar jjcjjcBITNOT num outputs the bitwise NOT of its input, which must be an integer. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bitand0000664000175000017500000000015713600031207014244 0ustar jjcjjcBITAND num1 num2 (BITAND num1 num2 num3 ...) outputs the bitwise AND of its inputs, which must be integers. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bg0000664000175000017500000000022013600031207013362 0ustar jjcjjcBACKGROUND BG outputs the graphics background color, either as a slot number or as an RGB list, whichever way it was set. (See PENCOLOR.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bfs0000664000175000017500000000065713600031207013562 0ustar jjcjjcBUTFIRSTS list BFS list outputs a list containing the BUTFIRST of each member of the input list. It is an error if any member of the input list is empty or an array. (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.) This could be written as to butfirsts :list output map "butfirst :list end but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools MAP, MAP.SE, and FOREACH. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/bf0000664000175000017500000000033513600031207013370 0ustar jjcjjcBUTFIRST wordorlist BF wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the first character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the first member of the input. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/beforep0000664000175000017500000000056413600031207014427 0ustar jjcjjcBEFOREP word1 word2 BEFORE? word1 word2 outputs TRUE if word1 comes before word2 in ASCII collating sequence (for words of letters, in alphabetical order). Case-sensitivity is determined by the value of CASEIGNOREDP. Note that if the inputs are numbers, the result may not be the same as with LESSP; for example, BEFOREP 3 12 is false because 3 collates after 1. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/backslashedp0000664000175000017500000000113113600031207015420 0ustar jjcjjcVBARREDP char VBARRED? char BACKSLASHED? char (library procedure) outputs TRUE if the input character was originally entered into Logo within vertical bars (|) to prevent its usual special syntactic meaning, FALSE otherwise. (Outputs TRUE only if the character is a backslashed space, tab, newline, or one of ()[]+-*/=<>":;\~?| ) The names BACKSLASHEDP and BACKSLASHED? are included in the Logo library for backward compatibility with the former names of this primitive, although it does *not* output TRUE for characters originally entered with backslashes. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/background0000664000175000017500000000022013600031207015111 0ustar jjcjjcBACKGROUND BG outputs the graphics background color, either as a slot number or as an RGB list, whichever way it was set. (See PENCOLOR.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/back0000664000175000017500000000026513600031207013703 0ustar jjcjjcBACK dist BK dist moves the turtle backward, i.e., exactly opposite to the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance. (The heading of the turtle does not change.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ashift0000664000175000017500000000026613600031207014262 0ustar jjcjjcASHIFT num1 num2 outputs "num1" arithmetic-shifted to the left by "num2" bits. If num2 is negative, the shift is to the right with sign extension. The inputs must be integers. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ascii0000664000175000017500000000045313600031207014072 0ustar jjcjjcASCII char outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input character in the ASCII code. Interprets control characters as representing vbarred punctuation, and returns the character code for the corresponding punctuation character without vertical bars. (Compare RAWASCII.) ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/arraytolist0000664000175000017500000000027313600031207015357 0ustar jjcjjcARRAYTOLIST array outputs a list whose members are the members of the input array. The first member of the output is the first member of the array, regardless of the array's origin. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/arrayp0000664000175000017500000000012513600031207014274 0ustar jjcjjcARRAYP thing ARRAY? thing outputs TRUE if the input is an array, FALSE otherwise. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/array0000664000175000017500000000106413600031207014117 0ustar jjcjjcARRAY size (ARRAY size origin) outputs an array of "size" members (must be a positive integer), each of which initially is an empty list. Array members can be selected with ITEM and changed with SETITEM. The first member of the array is member number 1 unless an "origin" input (must be an integer) is given, in which case the first member of the array has that number as its index. (Typically 0 is used as the origin if anything.) Arrays are printed by PRINT and friends, and can be typed in, inside curly braces; indicate an origin with {a b c}@0. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/arity0000664000175000017500000000040713600031207014131 0ustar jjcjjcARITY procedurename outputs a list of three numbers: the minimum, default, and maximum number of inputs for the procedure whose name is the input. It is an error if there is no such procedure. A maximum of -1 means that the number of inputs is unlimited. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/arctan0000664000175000017500000000031013600031207014242 0ustar jjcjjcARCTAN num (ARCTAN x y) outputs the arctangent, in degrees, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or 90 or -90 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/arc0000664000175000017500000000033313600031207013544 0ustar jjcjjcARC angle radius draws an arc of a circle, with the turtle at the center, with the specified radius, starting at the turtle's heading and extending clockwise through the specified angle. The turtle does not move. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/apply0000664000175000017500000000054313600031207014127 0ustar jjcjjcAPPLY template inputlist command or operation. Runs the "template," filling its slots with the members of "inputlist." The number of members in "inputlist" must be an acceptable number of slots for "template." It is illegal to apply the primitive TO as a template, but anything else is okay. APPLY outputs what "template" outputs, if anything. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/and0000664000175000017500000000117413600031207013545 0ustar jjcjjcAND tf1 tf2 (AND tf1 tf2 tf3 ...) outputs TRUE if all inputs are TRUE, otherwise FALSE. All inputs must be TRUE or FALSE. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of CASEIGNOREDP. That is, "true" or "True" or "TRUE" are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE or FALSE value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a FALSE value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: MAKE "RESULT AND [NOT (:X = 0)] [(1 / :X) > .5] to avoid the division by zero if the first part is false. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/allowgetset0000664000175000017500000000043713600031207015336 0ustar jjcjjcALLOWGETSET (variable) if TRUE, indicates that an attempt to use a procedure that doesn't exist should be taken as an implicit getter or setter procedure (setter if the first three letters of the name are SET) for a variable of the same name (without the SET if appropriate). ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/allopen0000664000175000017500000000021113600031207014424 0ustar jjcjjcALLOPEN outputs a list whose members are the names of all files currently open. This list does not include the dribble file, if any. ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/`0000664000175000017500000000244513600031207013224 0ustar jjcjjc` list (library procedure) outputs a list equal to its input but with certain substitutions. If a member of the input list is the word "," (comma) then the following member should be an instructionlist that produces an output when run. That output value replaces the comma and the instructionlist. If a member of the input list is the word ",@" (comma atsign) then the following member should be an instructionlist that outputs a list when run. The members of that list replace the ,@ and the instructionlist. Example: show `[foo baz ,[bf [a b c]] garply ,@[bf [a b c]]] will print [foo baz [b c] garply b c] A word starting with , or ,@ is treated as if the rest of the word were a one-word list, e.g., ,:FOO is equivalent to ,[:FOO]. A word starting with ", (quote comma) or :, (colon comma) becomes a word starting with " or : but with the result of running the substitution (or its first word, if the result is a list) replacing what comes after the comma. Backquotes can be nested. Substitution is done only for commas at the same depth as the backquote in which they are found: ? show `[a `[b ,[1+2] ,[foo ,[1+3] d] e] f] [a ` [b , [1+2] , [foo 4 d] e] f] ?make "name1 "x ?make "name2 "y ? show `[a `[b ,:,:name1 ,",:name2 d] e] [a ` [b , [:x] , ["y] d] e] ucblogo-6.1/helpfiles/ALL_NAMES0000664000175000017500000000575113600031207014343 0ustar jjcjjcword list sentence se fput lput array mdarray listtoarray arraytolist combine reverse gensym first firsts last butfirst bf butfirsts bfs butlast bl item mditem pick remove remdup quoted setitem mdsetitem .setfirst .setbf .setitem push pop queue dequeue wordp word? listp list? arrayp array? emptyp empty? equalp equal? notequalp notequal? beforep before? .eq memberp member? substringp substring? numberp number? vbarredp vbarred? vbarredp count ascii rawascii char member lowercase uppercase standout parse runparse print pr type show readlist rl readword rw readrawline readchar rc readchars rcs shell setprefix prefix openread openwrite openappend openupdate close allopen closeall erasefile erf dribble nodribble setread setwrite reader writer setreadpos setwritepos readpos writepos eofp eof? filep file? keyp key? cleartext ct setcursor cursor setmargins settextcolor settc increasefont decreasefont settextsize textsize setfont font sum difference minus product quotient remainder modulo int round sqrt power exp log10 ln sin radsin cos radcos arctan radarctan iseq rseq lessp less? greaterp greater? lessequalp lessequal? greaterequalp greaterequal? random rerandom form bitand bitor bitxor bitnot ashift lshift and or not forward fd back bk left lt right rt setpos setxy setx sety setheading seth home arc pos xcor ycor heading towards scrunch showturtle st hideturtle ht clean clearscreen cs wrap window fence fill filled label setlabelheight textscreen ts fullscreen fs splitscreen ss setscrunch refresh norefresh shownp shown? screenmode turtlemode labelsize pendown pd penup pu penpaint ppt penerase pe penreverse px setpencolor setpc setpalette setpensize setpenpattern setpen setbackground setbg pendownp pendown? penmode pencolor pc palette pensize penpattern pen background bg savepict loadpict epspict mousepos clickpos buttonp button? button to define text fulltext copydef make name local localmake thing global pprop gprop remprop plist procedurep procedure? primitivep primitive? definedp defined? namep name? plistp plist? contents buried traced stepped procedures primitives names plists namelist pllist arity nodes printout po poall pops pons popls pon popl pot pots erase er erall erps erns erpls ern erpl bury buryall buryname unbury unburyall unburyname buriedp buried? trace untrace tracedp traced? step unstep steppedp stepped? edit ed editfile edall edps edns edpls edn edpl save savel load cslsload help seteditor setlibloc sethelploc setcslsloc settemploc gc .setsegmentsize run runresult repeat forever repcount if ifelse test iftrue ift iffalse iff stop output op catch throw error pause continue co wait bye .maybeoutput goto tag ignore ` for do.while while do.until until case cond apply invoke foreach map map.se filter find reduce crossmap cascade transfer .macro .defmacro macrop macro? macroexpand allowgetset buttonact caseignoredp commandline erract fullprintp keyact loadnoisily printdepthlimit printwidthlimit redefp startup unburyonedit usealternatenames logoversion logoplatform + - * / = < > <= >= <> ucblogo-6.1/docs/0000775000175000017500000000000013601427074012046 5ustar jjcjjcucblogo-6.1/docs/ucblogo.info0000664000175000017500000075623013601426472014373 0ustar jjcjjcThis is ucblogo.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.6 from usermanual.texi.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: Top, Next: INTRODUCTION, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) This is a TeXinfo version of Berkeley Logo User Manual Original written by: Brian Harvey * Menu: * INTRODUCTION:: * DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES:: * COMMUNICATION:: * ARITHMETIC:: * LOGICAL OPERATIONS:: * GRAPHICS:: * WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT:: * CONTROL STRUCTURES:: * MACROS:: * ERROR PROCESSING:: * SPECIAL VARIABLES:: * INTERNATIONALIZATION:: * INDEX::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: INTRODUCTION, Next: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Introduction ************** * Menu: * OVERVIEW:: * GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX:: * ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO:: * TOKENIZATION::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: OVERVIEW, Next: GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX, Prev: INTRODUCTION, Up: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview ============ Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see . This is a program that is still being written. Many things are missing, including adequate documentation. This manual assumes that you already know how to program in Logo, and merely presents the details of this new implementation. Read 'Computer Science Logo Style, Volume 1: Symbolic Computing' by Brian Harvey (MIT Press, 1997) for a tutorial on Logo programming with emphasis on symbolic computation. Here are the special features of this dialect of Logo: Source file compatible among Unix, DOS, Windows, and Mac platforms. Random-access arrays. Variable number of inputs to user-defined procedures. Mutators for list structure (dangerous). Pause on error, and other improvements to error handling. Comments and continuation lines; formatting is preserved when procedure definitions are saved or edited. Terrapin-style tokenization (e.g., [2+3] is a list with one member) but LCSI-style syntax (no special forms except TO). The best of both worlds. First-class instruction and expression templates (see APPLY). Macros. Features *not* found in Berkeley Logo include robotics, music, animation, parallelism, and multimedia. For those, buy a commercial version.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX, Next: ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO, Prev: OVERVIEW, Up: INTRODUCTION 1.2 Getter/Setter Variable Syntax ================================= Logo distinguishes PROCEDURES from VARIABLES. A procedure is a set of instructions to carry out some computation; a variable is a named container that holds a data value such as a number, word, list, or array. In traditional Logo syntax, a non-numeric word typed without punctuation represents a request to invoke the procedure named by that word. A word typed with a preceding quotation mark represents the word itself. For example, in the instruction PRINT FIRST "WORD the procedures named 'FIRST' and 'PRINT' are invoked, but the procedure named WORD is not invoked; the word W-O-R-D is the input to FIRST. What about variables? There are two things one can do with a variable: give it a value, and find out its value. To give a variable a value, Logo provides the primitive procedure 'MAKE', which requires two inputs: the name of the variable and the new value to be assigned. The first input, the name of the variable, is just a word, and if (as is almost always the case) the programmer wants to assign a value to a specific variable whose name is known in advance, that input is quoted, just as any known specific word would be: MAKE "MY.VAR FIRST "WORD gives the variable named 'MY.VAR' the value 'W' (the first letter of 'WORD'). To find the value of a variable, Logo provides the primitive procedure 'THING', which takes a variable name as its input, and outputs the value of the accessible variable with that name. Thus PRINT THING "MY.VAR will print 'W' (supposing the 'MAKE' above has been done). Since finding the value of a specific, known variable name is such a common operation, Logo also provides an abbreviated notation that combines 'THING' with quote: PRINT :MY.VAR The colon (which Logo old-timers pronounce "dots") replaces 'THING' and '"' in the earlier version of the instruction. Newcomers to Logo often complain about the need for all this punctuation. In particular, Logo programmers who learned about dots and quotes without also learning about 'THING' wonder why an instruction such as MAKE "NEW.VAR :OLD.VAR uses two different punctuation marks to identify the two variables. (Having read the paragraphs above, you will understand that actually both variable names are quoted, but the procedure 'THING' is invoked to find the value of 'OLD.VAR', since it's that value, not 'OLD.VAR''s name, that 'MAKE' needs to know. It wouldn't make sense to ask for 'THING' of 'NEW.VAR', since we haven't given 'NEW.VAR' a value yet.) Although Logo's punctuation rules make sense once understood, they do form a barrier to entry for the Logo beginner. Why, then, couldn't Logo be designed so that an unpunctuated word would represent a procedure if there is a procedure by that name, or a variable if there is a variable by that name? Then we could say PRINT MY.VAR and Logo would realize that 'MY.VAR' is the name of a variable, not of a procedure. The traditional reason not to use this convention is that Logo allows the same word to name a procedure and a variable at the same time. This is most often important for words that name data types, as in the following procedure: TO PLURAL :WORD OUTPUT WORD :WORD "S END Here the name 'WORD' is a natural choice for the input to 'PLURAL', since it describes the kind of input that 'PLURAL' expects. Within the procedure, we use 'WORD' to represent Logo's primitive procedure that combines two input words to form a new, longer word; we use ':WORD' to represent the variable containing the input, whatever actual word is given when 'PLURAL' is invoked. ? PRINT PLURAL "COMPUTER COMPUTERS However, if a Logo instruction includes an unquoted word that is *not* the name of a procedure, Logo could look for a variable of that name instead. This would allow a "punctuationless" Logo, *provided that users who want to work without colons for variables choose variable names that are not also procedure names.* What about assigning a value to a variable? Could we do without the quotation mark on 'MAKE''s first input? Alas, no. Although the first input to 'MAKE' is *usually* a constant, known variable name, sometimes it isn't, as in this example: TO INCREMENT :VAR MAKE :VAR (THING :VAR)+1 ; Note: it's not "VAR here! END ? MAKE "X 5 ? INCREMENT "X ? PRINT :X 6 The procedure 'INCREMENT' takes a variable name as its input and changes the value of that variable. In this example there are two variables; the variable whose name is 'VAR', and whose value is the word 'X'; and the variable whose name is 'X' and whose value changes from 5 to 6. Suppose we changed the behavior of 'MAKE' so that it took the word after 'MAKE' as the name of the variable to change; we would be unable to write 'INCREMENT': TO INCREMENT :VAR ; nonworking! MAKE VAR (THING VAR)+1 END This would assign a new value to 'VAR', not to 'X'. What we can do is to allow an *alternative* to 'MAKE', a "setter" procedure for a particular variable. The notation will be ? SETFOO 7 ? PRINT FOO 7 'SETFOO' is a "setter procedure" that takes one input (in this case the input 7) and assigns its value to the variable named 'FOO'. Berkeley Logo allows users to choose either the traditional notation, in which case the same name can be used both for a procedure and for a variable, or the getter/setter notation, in which variable 'FOO' is set with 'SETFOO' and examined with 'FOO', but the same name can't be used for procedure and variable. Here is how this choice is allowed: Berkeley Logo uses traditional notation, with procedures distinct from variables. However, if there is a variable named 'AllowGetSet' whose value is TRUE (which there is, by default, when Logo starts up), then if a Logo instruction refers to a *nonexistent* procedure (so that the error message "I don't know how to ..." would result), Logo tries the following two steps: 1. If the name is at least four characters long, and the first three characters are the letters 'SET' (upper or lower case), and if the name is followed in the instruction by another value, and if the name without the 'SET' is the name of a variable that already exists, then Logo will invoke 'MAKE' with its first input being the name without the 'SET', and its second input being the following value. 2. If step 1's conditions are not met, but the name is the name of an accessible variable, then Logo will invoke 'THING' with that name as input, to find the variable's value. Step 1 requires that the variable already exist so that misspellings of names of 'SETxxx' primitives (e.g., 'SETHEADING') will still be caught, instead of silently creating a new variable. The command 'GLOBAL' can be used to create a variable without giving it a value. One final point: The 'TO' command in Logo has always been a special case; the rest of the line starting with 'TO' is not evaluated as ordinary Logo expressions are. In particular, the colons used to mark the names of inputs to the procedure do not cause 'THING' to be invoked. They are merely mnemonic aids, reminding the Logo user that these words are names of variables. (Arguably, this nonstantard behavior of 'TO' adds to Logo beginners' confusion about colons.) To a programmer using colonless variable references, the colons in the 'TO' line are unnecessary and meaningless. Berkeley Logo therefore makes the colons optional: TO FOO :IN1 :IN2 and TO FOO IN1 IN2 are both allowed.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO, Next: TOKENIZATION, Prev: GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX, Up: INTRODUCTION 1.3 Entering and Leaving Logo ============================= The process to start Logo depends on your operating system: Unix: Type the word logo to the shell. (The directory in which you've installed Logo must be in your path.) DOS: Change directories to the one containing Logo (probably 'C:\UCBLOGO'). Then type UCBLOGO for the large memory version, or BL for the 640K version. Mac: Double-click on the 'LOGO' icon within the "UCB Logo" folder. Windows: Double-click on the 'UCBWLOGO' icon in the 'UCBLOGO' folder. To leave Logo, enter the command 'bye'. On startup, Logo looks for a file named 'startup.lg' in the system Logo library and, if found, loads it. Then it looks for 'startup.lg' in the user's home directory, or the current directory, depending on the operating system, and loads that. These startup files can be used to predefine procedures, e.g., to provide non-English names for primitive procedures. Under Unix, DOS, or Windows, if you include one or more filenames on the command line when starting Logo, those files will be loaded before the interpreter starts reading commands from your terminal. If you load a file that executes some program that includes a 'bye' command, Logo will run that program and exit. You can therefore write standalone programs in Logo and run them with shell/batch scripts. To support this technique, Logo does not print its usual welcoming and parting messages if you give file arguments to the logo command. If a command line argument is just a hyphen, then all command line arguments after the hyphen are not taken as filenames, but are instead collected in a list, one word per argument; the buried variable 'COMMAND.LINE' contains that list of arguments, or the empty list if there are none. On my Linux system, if the first line of an executable shell script is #!/usr/local/bin/logo - (note the hyphen) then the script can be given command line arguments and they all end up in ':COMMAND.LINE' along with the script's path. Experiment. If you type your interrupt character (see table below) Logo will stop what it's doing and return to top-level, as if you did THROW "TOPLEVEL. If you type your quit character Logo will pause as if you did 'PAUSE'. wxWidgets Unix DOS/Windows Mac Classic toplevel alt-S usually ctrl-C ctrl-Q command-. (period) pause alt-P usually ctrl-\ ctrl-W command-, (comma) If you have an environment variable called 'LOGOLIB' whose value is the name of a directory, then Logo will use that directory instead of the default library. If you invoke a procedure that has not been defined, Logo first looks for a file in the current directory named 'PROC.lg' where PROC is the procedure name in lower case letters. If such a file exists, Logo loads that file. If the missing procedure is still undefined, or if there is no such file, Logo then looks in the library directory for a file named 'PROC' (no '.lg') and, if it exists, loads it. If neither file contains a definition for the procedure, then Logo signals an error. Several procedures that are primitive in most versions of Logo are included in the default library, so if you use a different library you may want to include some or all of the default library in it.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TOKENIZATION, Prev: ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO, Up: INTRODUCTION 1.4 Tokenization ================ Names of procedures, variables, and property lists are case-insensitive. So are the special words 'END', 'TRUE', and 'FALSE'. Case of letters is preserved in everything you type, however. Within square brackets, words are delimited only by spaces and square brackets. '[2+3]' is a list containing one word. Note, however, that the Logo primitives that interpret such a list as a Logo instruction or expression ('RUN', 'IF', etc.) reparse the list as if it had not been typed inside brackets. After a quotation mark outside square brackets, a word is delimited by a space, a square bracket, or a parenthesis. A word not after a quotation mark or inside square brackets is delimited by a space, a bracket, a parenthesis, or an infix operator '+-*/=<>'. Note that words following colons are in this category. Note that quote and colon are not delimiters. Each infix operator character is a word in itself, except that the two-character sequences '<=', '>=', and '<>' (the latter meaning not-equal) with no intervening space are recognized as a single word. A word consisting of a question mark followed by a number (e.g., '?37'), when runparsed (i.e., where a procedure name is expected), is treated as if it were the sequence ( ? 37 ) making the number an input to the ? procedure. (See the discussion of templates, below.) This special treatment does not apply to words read as data, to words with a non-number following the question mark, or if the question mark is backslashed. A line (an instruction line or one read by 'READLIST' or 'READWORD') can be continued onto the following line if its last character is a tilde ('~'). 'READWORD' preserves the tilde and the newline; 'READLIST' does not. Lines read with 'READRAWLINE' are never continued. An instruction line or a line read by 'READLIST' (but not by 'READWORD') is automatically continued to the next line, as if ended with a tilde, if there are unmatched brackets, parentheses, braces, or vertical bars pending. However, it's an error if the continuation line contains only the word 'END'; this is to prevent runaway procedure definitions. Lines explicitly continued with a tilde avoid this restriction. If a line being typed interactively on the keyboard is continued, either with a tilde or automatically, Logo will display a tilde as a prompt character for the continuation line. A semicolon begins a comment in an instruction line. Logo ignores characters from the semicolon to the end of the line. A tilde as the last character still indicates a continuation line, but not a continuation of the comment. For example, typing the instruction print "abc;comment ~ def will print the word 'abcdef'. Semicolon has no special meaning in data lines read by 'READWORD' or 'READLIST', but such a line can later be reparsed using 'RUNPARSE' and then comments will be recognized. The two-character sequence '#!' at the beginning of a line also starts a comment. Unix users can therefore write a file containing Logo commands, starting with the line #! /usr/local/bin/logo (or wherever your Logo executable lives) and the file will be executable directly from the shell. To include an otherwise delimiting character (including semicolon or tilde) in a word, precede it with backslash ('\'). If the last character of a line is a backslash, then the newline character following the backslash will be part of the last word on the line, and the line continues onto the following line. To include a backslash in a word, use '\\'. If the combination backslash-newline is entered at the terminal, Logo will issue a backslash as a prompt character for the continuation line. All of this applies to data lines read with 'READWORD' or 'READLIST' as well as to instruction lines. A line read with 'READRAWLINE' has no special quoting mechanism; both backslash and vertical bar (described below) are just ordinary characters. An alternative notation to include otherwise delimiting characters in words is to enclose a group of characters in vertical bars. All characters between vertical bars are treated as if they were letters. In data read with 'READWORD' the vertical bars are preserved in the resulting word. In data read with 'READLIST' (or resulting from a 'PARSE' or 'RUNPARSE' of a word) the vertical bars do not appear explicitly; all potentially delimiting characters (including spaces, brackets, parentheses, and infix operators) appear unmarked, but tokenized as though they were letters. Within vertical bars, backslash may still be used; the only characters that must be backslashed in this context are backslash and vertical bar themselves. Characters entered between vertical bars are forever special, even if the word or list containing them is later reparsed with 'PARSE' or 'RUNPARSE'. Characters typed after a backslash are treated somewhat differently: When a quoted word containing a backslashed character is runparsed, the backslashed character loses its special quality and acts thereafter as if typed normally. This distinction is important only if you are building a Logo expression out of parts, to be 'RUN' later, and want to use parentheses. For example, PRINT RUN (SE "\( 2 "+ 3 "\)) will print 5, but RUN (SE "MAKE ""|(| 2) will create a variable whose name is open-parenthesis. (Each example would fail if vertical bars and backslashes were interchanged.) A normally delimiting character entered within vertical bars is 'EQUALP' to the same character without the vertical bars, but can be distinguished by the 'VBARREDP' predicate. (However, 'VBARREDP' returns 'TRUE' only for characters for which special treatment is necessary: whitespace, parentheses, brackets, infix operators, backslash, vertical bar, tilde, quote, question mark, colon, and semicolon.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, Next: COMMUNICATION, Prev: INTRODUCTION, Up: Top 2 Data Structure Primitives *************************** * Menu: * CONSTRUCTORS:: * SELECTORS:: * MUTATORS:: * PREDICATES:: * QUERIES::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CONSTRUCTORS, Next: SELECTORS, Prev: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, Up: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES 2.1 Constructors ================ * Menu: * WORD:: * LIST:: * SENTENCE:: * FPUT:: * LPUT:: * ARRAY:: * MDARRAY:: * LISTTOARRAY:: * ARRAYTOLIST:: * COMBINE:: * REVERSE:: * GENSYM::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WORD, Next: LIST, Prev: CONSTRUCTORS, Up: CONSTRUCTORS word ---- WORD word1 word2 (WORD word1 word2 word3 ...) outputs a word formed by concatenating its inputs.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LIST, Next: SENTENCE, Prev: WORD, Up: CONSTRUCTORS list ---- LIST thing1 thing2 (LIST thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) outputs a list whose members are its inputs, which can be any Logo datum (word, list, or array).  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SENTENCE, Next: FPUT, Prev: LIST, Up: CONSTRUCTORS sentence -------- SENTENCE thing1 thing2 SE thing1 thing2 (SENTENCE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) (SE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) outputs a list whose members are its inputs, if those inputs are not lists, or the members of its inputs, if those inputs are lists.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FPUT, Next: LPUT, Prev: SENTENCE, Up: CONSTRUCTORS fput ---- FPUT thing list outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the first input, at the beginning. If the second input is a word, then the first input must be a one-letter word, and FPUT is equivalent to WORD.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LPUT, Next: ARRAY, Prev: FPUT, Up: CONSTRUCTORS lput ---- LPUT thing list outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the first input, at the end. If the second input is a word, then the first input must be a one-letter word, and LPUT is equivalent to WORD with its inputs in the other order.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ARRAY, Next: MDARRAY, Prev: LPUT, Up: CONSTRUCTORS array ----- ARRAY size (ARRAY size origin) outputs an array of SIZE members (must be a positive integer), each of which initially is an empty list. Array members can be selected with 'ITEM' and changed with 'SETITEM'. The first member of the array is member number 1 unless an ORIGIN input (must be an integer) is given, in which case the first member of the array has that number as its index. (Typically 0 is used as the origin if anything.) Arrays are printed by 'PRINT' and friends, and can be typed in, inside curly braces; indicate an origin with {a b c}@0. *Note ITEM:: , *note SETITEM:: , *note PRINT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MDARRAY, Next: LISTTOARRAY, Prev: ARRAY, Up: CONSTRUCTORS mdarray ------- MDARRAY sizelist (library procedure) (MDARRAY sizelist origin) outputs a multi-dimensional array. The first input must be a list of one or more positive integers. The second input, if present, must be a single integer that applies to every dimension of the array. Ex: (MDARRAY [3 5] 0) outputs a two-dimensional array whose members range from [0 0] to [2 4].  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LISTTOARRAY, Next: ARRAYTOLIST, Prev: MDARRAY, Up: CONSTRUCTORS listtoarray ----------- LISTTOARRAY list (LISTTOARRAY list origin) outputs an array of the same size as the input list, whose members are the members of the input list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ARRAYTOLIST, Next: COMBINE, Prev: LISTTOARRAY, Up: CONSTRUCTORS arraytolist ----------- ARRAYTOLIST array outputs a list whose members are the members of the input array. The first member of the output is the first member of the array, regardless of the array's origin.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: COMBINE, Next: REVERSE, Prev: ARRAYTOLIST, Up: CONSTRUCTORS combine ------- COMBINE thing1 thing2 (library procedure) if THING2 is a word, outputs WORD thing1 thing2. If THING2 is a list, outputs FPUT thing1 thing2. *Note WORD:: , *note FPUT::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REVERSE, Next: GENSYM, Prev: COMBINE, Up: CONSTRUCTORS reverse ------- REVERSE list (library procedure) outputs a list whose members are the members of the input list, in reverse order.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GENSYM, Prev: REVERSE, Up: CONSTRUCTORS gensym ------ GENSYM (library procedure) outputs a unique word each time it's invoked. The words are of the form 'G1', 'G2', etc.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SELECTORS, Next: MUTATORS, Prev: CONSTRUCTORS, Up: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES 2.2 Data Selectors ================== * Menu: * FIRST:: * FIRSTS:: * LAST:: * BUTFIRST:: * BUTFIRSTS:: * BUTLAST:: * ITEM:: * MDITEM:: * PICK:: * REMOVE:: * REMDUP:: * QUOTED::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FIRST, Next: FIRSTS, Prev: SELECTORS, Up: SELECTORS first ----- FIRST thing if the input is a word, outputs the first character of the word. If the input is a list, outputs the first member of the list. If the input is an array, outputs the origin of the array (that is, the _index of_ the first member of the array).  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FIRSTS, Next: LAST, Prev: FIRST, Up: SELECTORS firsts ------ FIRSTS list outputs a list containing the 'FIRST' of each member of the input list. It is an error if any member of the input list is empty. (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.) This could be written as to firsts :list output map "first :list end but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools 'MAP', 'MAP.SE', and 'FOREACH'. to transpose :matrix if emptyp first :matrix [op []] op fput firsts :matrix transpose bfs :matrix end *Note MAP:: , *note MAPdSE:: , *note FOREACH::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LAST, Next: BUTFIRST, Prev: FIRSTS, Up: SELECTORS last ---- LAST wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs the last character of the word. If the input is a list, outputs the last member of the list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BUTFIRST, Next: BUTFIRSTS, Prev: LAST, Up: SELECTORS butfirst -------- BUTFIRST wordorlist BF wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the first character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the first member of the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BUTFIRSTS, Next: BUTLAST, Prev: BUTFIRST, Up: SELECTORS butfirsts --------- BUTFIRSTS list BFS list outputs a list containing the 'BUTFIRST' of each member of the input list. It is an error if any member of the input list is empty or an array. (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.) This could be written as to butfirsts :list output map "butfirst :list end but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools 'MAP', 'MAP.SE', and 'FOREACH'. *Note MAP:: , *note MAPdSE:: , *note FOREACH::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BUTLAST, Next: ITEM, Prev: BUTFIRSTS, Up: SELECTORS butlast ------- BUTLAST wordorlist BL wordorlist if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the last character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the last member of the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ITEM, Next: MDITEM, Prev: BUTLAST, Up: SELECTORS item ---- ITEM index thing if the THING is a word, outputs the INDEXth character of the word. If the THING is a list, outputs the INDEXth member of the list. If the THING is an array, outputs the INDEXth member of the array. INDEX starts at 1 for words and lists; the starting index of an array is specified when the array is created.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MDITEM, Next: PICK, Prev: ITEM, Up: SELECTORS mditem ------ MDITEM indexlist array (library procedure) outputs the member of the multidimensional ARRAY selected by the list of numbers INDEXLIST.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PICK, Next: REMOVE, Prev: MDITEM, Up: SELECTORS pick ---- PICK list (library procedure) outputs a randomly chosen member of the input list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REMOVE, Next: REMDUP, Prev: PICK, Up: SELECTORS remove ------ REMOVE thing list (library procedure) outputs a copy of LIST with every member equal to THING removed.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REMDUP, Next: QUOTED, Prev: REMOVE, Up: SELECTORS remdup ------ REMDUP list (library procedure) outputs a copy of LIST with duplicate members removed. If two or more members of the input are equal, the rightmost of those members is the one that remains in the output.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: QUOTED, Prev: REMDUP, Up: SELECTORS quoted ------ QUOTED thing (library procedure) outputs its input, if a list; outputs its input with a quotation mark prepended, if a word.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MUTATORS, Next: PREDICATES, Prev: SELECTORS, Up: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES 2.3 Data Mutators ================= * Menu: * SETITEM:: * MDSETITEM:: * dSETFIRST:: SETFIRST * dSETBF:: SETBF * dSETITEM:: SETITEM * PUSH:: * POP:: * QUEUE:: * DEQUEUE::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETITEM, Next: MDSETITEM, Prev: MUTATORS, Up: MUTATORS setitem ------- SETITEM index array value command. Replaces the INDEXth member of ARRAY with the new VALUE. Ensures that the resulting array is not circular, i.e., VALUE may not be a list or array that contains ARRAY.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MDSETITEM, Next: dSETFIRST, Prev: SETITEM, Up: MUTATORS mdsetitem --------- MDSETITEM indexlist array value (library procedure) command. Replaces the member of ARRAY chosen by INDEXLIST with the new VALUE.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: dSETFIRST, Next: dSETBF, Prev: MDSETITEM, Up: MUTATORS .setfirst --------- .SETFIRST list value command. Changes the first member of LIST to be VALUE. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are *dangerous*. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of '.SETFIRST' can lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops, and to unexpected changes to other data structures that share storage with the list being modified.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: dSETBF, Next: dSETITEM, Prev: dSETFIRST, Up: MUTATORS .setbf ------ .SETBF list value command. Changes the butfirst of LIST to be VALUE. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are *dangerous*. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of '.SETBF' can lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops; unexpected changes to other data structures that share storage with the list being modified; or to Logo crashes and coredumps if the butfirst of a list is not itself a list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: dSETITEM, Next: PUSH, Prev: dSETBF, Up: MUTATORS .setitem -------- .SETITEM index array value command. Changes the INDEXth member of ARRAY to be VALUE, like 'SETITEM', but without checking for circularity. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are dangerous. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of '.SETITEM' can lead to circular arrays, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops. *Note SETITEM::.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PUSH, Next: POP, Prev: dSETITEM, Up: MUTATORS push ---- PUSH stackname thing (library procedure) command. Adds the THING to the stack that is the value of the variable whose name is STACKNAME. This variable must have a list as its value; the initial value should be the empty list. New members are added at the front of the list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POP, Next: QUEUE, Prev: PUSH, Up: MUTATORS pop --- POP stackname (library procedure) outputs the most recently 'PUSH'ed member of the stack that is the value of the variable whose name is STACKNAME and removes that member from the stack.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: QUEUE, Next: DEQUEUE, Prev: POP, Up: MUTATORS queue ----- QUEUE queuename thing (library procedure) command. Adds the THING to the queue that is the value of the variable whose name is QUEUENAME. This variable must have a list as its value; the initial value should be the empty list. New members are added at the back of the list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DEQUEUE, Prev: QUEUE, Up: MUTATORS dequeue ------- DEQUEUE queuename (library procedure) outputs the least recently 'QUEUE'd member of the queue that is the value of the variable whose name is QUEUENAME and removes that member from the queue.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PREDICATES, Next: QUERIES, Prev: MUTATORS, Up: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES 2.4 Predicates ============== * Menu: * WORDP:: * LISTP:: * ARRAYP:: * EMPTYP:: * EQUALP:: * NOTEQUALP:: * BEFOREP:: * dEQ:: EQ * MEMBERP:: * SUBSTRINGP:: * NUMBERP:: * VBARREDP::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WORDP, Next: LISTP, Prev: PREDICATES, Up: PREDICATES wordp ----- WORDP thing WORD? thing outputs 'TRUE' if the input is a word, 'FALSE' otherwise.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LISTP, Next: ARRAYP, Prev: WORDP, Up: PREDICATES listp ----- LISTP thing LIST? thing outputs 'TRUE' if the input is a list, 'FALSE' otherwise.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ARRAYP, Next: EMPTYP, Prev: LISTP, Up: PREDICATES arrayp ------ ARRAYP thing ARRAY? thing outputs 'TRUE' if the input is an array, 'FALSE' otherwise.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EMPTYP, Next: EQUALP, Prev: ARRAYP, Up: PREDICATES emptyp ------ EMPTYP thing EMPTY? thing outputs 'TRUE' if the input is the empty word or the empty list, 'FALSE' otherwise.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EQUALP, Next: NOTEQUALP, Prev: EMPTYP, Up: PREDICATES equalp ------ EQUALP thing1 thing2 EQUAL? thing1 thing2 thing1 = thing2 outputs 'TRUE' if the inputs are equal, 'FALSE' otherwise. Two numbers are equal if they have the same numeric value. Two non-numeric words are equal if they contain the same characters in the same order. If there is a variable named 'CASEIGNOREDP' whose value is 'TRUE', then an upper case letter is considered the same as the corresponding lower case letter. (This is the case by default.) Two lists are equal if their members are equal. An array is only equal to itself; two separately created arrays are never equal even if their members are equal. (It is important to be able to know if two expressions have the same array as their value because arrays are mutable; if, for example, two variables have the same array as their values then performing 'SETITEM' on one of them will also change the other.) *Note CASEIGNOREDP:: , *note SETITEM::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NOTEQUALP, Next: BEFOREP, Prev: EQUALP, Up: PREDICATES notequalp --------- NOTEQUALP thing1 thing2 NOTEQUAL? thing1 thing2 thing1 <> thing2 outputs 'FALSE' if the inputs are equal, 'TRUE' otherwise. See 'EQUALP' for the meaning of equality for different data types.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BEFOREP, Next: dEQ, Prev: NOTEQUALP, Up: PREDICATES beforep ------- BEFOREP word1 word2 BEFORE? word1 word2 outputs 'TRUE' if WORD1 comes before WORD2 in ASCII collating sequence (for words of letters, in alphabetical order). Case-sensitivity is determined by the value of 'CASEIGNOREDP'. Note that if the inputs are numbers, the result may not be the same as with 'LESSP'; for example, BEFOREP 3 12 is false because 3 collates after 1. *Note CASEIGNOREDP:: , *note LESSP::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: dEQ, Next: MEMBERP, Prev: BEFOREP, Up: PREDICATES .eq --- .EQ thing1 thing2 outputs 'TRUE' if its two inputs are the same datum, so that applying a mutator to one will change the other as well. Outputs 'FALSE' otherwise, even if the inputs are equal in value. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are *dangerous*. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of mutators can lead to circular data structures, infinite loops, or Logo crashes.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MEMBERP, Next: SUBSTRINGP, Prev: dEQ, Up: PREDICATES memberp ------- MEMBERP thing1 thing2 MEMBER? thing1 thing2 if THING2 is a list or an array, outputs 'TRUE' if THING1 is 'EQUALP' to a member of THING2, 'FALSE' otherwise. If THING2 is a word, outputs 'TRUE' if THING1 is a one-character word 'EQUALP' to a character of THING2, 'FALSE' otherwise. *Note EQUALP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SUBSTRINGP, Next: NUMBERP, Prev: MEMBERP, Up: PREDICATES substringp ---------- SUBSTRINGP thing1 thing2 SUBSTRING? thing1 thing2 if THING1 or THING2 is a list or an array, outputs 'FALSE'. If THING2 is a word, outputs 'TRUE' if THING1 is 'EQUALP' to a substring of THING2, 'FALSE' otherwise. *Note EQUALP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NUMBERP, Next: VBARREDP, Prev: SUBSTRINGP, Up: PREDICATES numberp ------- NUMBERP thing NUMBER? thing outputs 'TRUE' if the input is a number, 'FALSE' otherwise.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: VBARREDP, Prev: NUMBERP, Up: PREDICATES vbarredp -------- VBARREDP char VBARRED? char BACKSLASHEDP char (library procedure) BACKSLASHED? char (library procedure) outputs 'TRUE' if the input character was originally entered into Logo within vertical bars (|) to prevent its usual special syntactic meaning, 'FALSE' otherwise. (Outputs 'TRUE' only if the character is a backslashed space, tab, newline, or one of '()[]+-*/=<>":;\~?|' ) The names 'BACKSLASHEDP' and 'BACKSLASHED?' are included in the Logo library for backward compatibility with the former names of this primitive, although it does _not_ output 'TRUE' for characters originally entered with backslashes.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: QUERIES, Prev: PREDICATES, Up: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES 2.5 Queries =========== * Menu: * COUNT:: * ASCII:: * RAWASCII:: * CHAR:: * MEMBER:: * LOWERCASE:: * UPPERCASE:: * STANDOUT:: * PARSE:: * RUNPARSE::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: COUNT, Next: ASCII, Prev: QUERIES, Up: QUERIES count ----- COUNT thing outputs the number of characters in the input, if the input is a word; outputs the number of members in the input, if it is a list or an array. (For an array, this may or may not be the index of the last member, depending on the array's origin.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ASCII, Next: RAWASCII, Prev: COUNT, Up: QUERIES ascii ----- ASCII char outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input character in the ASCII code. Interprets control characters as representing vbarred punctuation, and returns the character code for the corresponding punctuation character without vertical bars. (Compare 'RAWASCII'.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RAWASCII, Next: CHAR, Prev: ASCII, Up: QUERIES rawascii -------- RAWASCII char outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input character in the ASCII code. Interprets control characters as representing themselves. To find out the ASCII code of an arbitrary keystroke, use RAWASCII RC.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CHAR, Next: MEMBER, Prev: RAWASCII, Up: QUERIES char ---- CHAR int outputs the character represented in the ASCII code by the input, which must be an integer between 0 and 255. *Note ASCII:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MEMBER, Next: LOWERCASE, Prev: CHAR, Up: QUERIES member ------ MEMBER thing1 thing2 if THING2 is a word or list and if 'MEMBERP' with these inputs would output 'TRUE', outputs the portion of THING2 from the first instance of THING1 to the end. If 'MEMBERP' would output 'FALSE', outputs the empty word or list according to the type of THING2. It is an error for THING2 to be an array. *Note MEMBERP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOWERCASE, Next: UPPERCASE, Prev: MEMBER, Up: QUERIES lowercase --------- LOWERCASE word outputs a copy of the input word, but with all uppercase letters changed to the corresponding lowercase letter.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UPPERCASE, Next: STANDOUT, Prev: LOWERCASE, Up: QUERIES uppercase --------- UPPERCASE word outputs a copy of the input word, but with all lowercase letters changed to the corresponding uppercase letter.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: STANDOUT, Next: PARSE, Prev: UPPERCASE, Up: QUERIES standout -------- STANDOUT thing outputs a word that, when printed, will appear like the input but displayed in standout mode (boldface, reverse video, or whatever your version does for standout). The word contains machine-specific magic characters at the beginning and end; in between is the printed form (as if displayed using 'TYPE') of the input. The output is always a word, even if the input is of some other type, but it may include spaces and other formatting characters. Note: a word output by 'STANDOUT' while Logo is running on one machine will probably not have the desired effect if printed on another type of machine. In the Macintosh classic version, the way that standout works is incompatible with the use of characters whose ASCII code is greater than 127. Therefore, you have a choice to make: The instruction CANINVERSE 0 disables standout, but enables the display of ASCII codes above 127, and the instruction CANINVERSE 1 restores the default situation in which standout is enabled and the extra graphic characters cannot be printed.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PARSE, Next: RUNPARSE, Prev: STANDOUT, Up: QUERIES parse ----- PARSE word outputs the list that would result if the input word were entered in response to a 'READLIST' operation. That is, PARSE READWORD has the same value as 'READLIST' for the same characters read. *Note READLIST:: , *note READWORD::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RUNPARSE, Prev: PARSE, Up: QUERIES runparse -------- RUNPARSE wordorlist outputs the list that would result if the input word or list were entered as an instruction line; characters such as infix operators and parentheses are separate members of the output. Note that sublists of a runparsed list are not themselves runparsed.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: COMMUNICATION, Next: ARITHMETIC, Prev: DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, Up: Top 3 Communication *************** * Menu: * TRANSMITTERS:: * RECEIVERS:: * FILE ACCESS:: * TERMINAL ACCESS::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TRANSMITTERS, Next: RECEIVERS, Prev: COMMUNICATION, Up: COMMUNICATION 3.1 Transmitters ================ * Menu: * PRINT:: * TYPE:: * SHOW:: Note: If there is a variable named 'PRINTDEPTHLIMIT' with a nonnegative integer value, then complex list and array structures will be printed only to the allowed depth. That is, members of members of... of members will be allowed only so far. The members omitted because they are just past the depth limit are indicated by an ellipsis for each one, so a too-deep list of two members will print as [... ...]. If there is a variable named 'PRINTWIDTHLIMIT' with a nonnegative integer value, then only the first so many members of any array or list will be printed. A single ellipsis replaces all missing data within the structure. The width limit also applies to the number of characters printed in a word, except that a 'PRINTWIDTHLIMIT' between 0 and 9 will be treated as if it were 10 when applied to words. This limit applies not only to the top-level printed datum but to any substructures within it. *Note PRINTDEPTHLIMIT:: , *note PRINTWIDTHLIMIT:: If there is a variable named 'FULLPRINTP' whose value is 'TRUE', then words that were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same value. If 'FULLPRINTP' is 'TRUE' then the empty word (however it was created) prints as '||'. (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.) *Note FULLPRINTP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PRINT, Next: TYPE, Prev: TRANSMITTERS, Up: TRANSMITTERS print ----- PRINT thing PR thing (PRINT thing1 thing2 ...) (PR thing1 thing2 ...) command. Prints the input or inputs to the current write stream (initially the screen). All the inputs are printed on a single line, separated by spaces, ending with a newline. If an input is a list, square brackets are not printed around it, but brackets are printed around sublists. Braces are always printed around arrays.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TYPE, Next: SHOW, Prev: PRINT, Up: TRANSMITTERS type ---- TYPE thing (TYPE thing1 thing2 ...) command. Prints the input or inputs like 'PRINT', except that no newline character is printed at the end and multiple inputs are not separated by spaces. Note: printing to the screen is ordinarily "line buffered"; that is, the characters you print using 'TYPE' will not actually appear on the screen until either a newline character is printed (for example, by 'PRINT' or 'SHOW') or Logo tries to read from the keyboard (either at the request of your program or after an instruction prompt). This buffering makes the program much faster than it would be if each character appeared immediately, and in most cases the effect is not disconcerting. To accommodate programs that do a lot of positioned text display using 'TYPE', Logo will force printing whenever 'SETCURSOR' is invoked. This solves most buffering problems. Still, on occasion you may find it necessary to force the buffered characters to be printed explicitly; this can be done using the 'WAIT' command. WAIT 0 will force printing without actually waiting. *Note SETCURSOR:: , *note WAIT::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SHOW, Prev: TYPE, Up: TRANSMITTERS show ---- SHOW thing (SHOW thing1 thing2 ...) command. Prints the input or inputs like 'PRINT', except that if an input is a list it is printed inside square brackets. *Note PRINT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RECEIVERS, Next: FILE ACCESS, Prev: TRANSMITTERS, Up: COMMUNICATION 3.2 Receivers ============= * Menu: * READLIST:: * READWORD:: * READRAWLINE:: * READCHAR:: * READCHARS:: * SHELL::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: READLIST, Next: READWORD, Prev: RECEIVERS, Up: RECEIVERS readlist -------- READLIST RL reads a line from the read stream (initially the keyboard) and outputs that line as a list. The line is separated into members as though it were typed in square brackets in an instruction. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, 'READLIST' outputs the empty word (not the empty list). 'READLIST' processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream; the output list will not contain these characters but they will have had their usual effect. 'READLIST' does not, however, treat semicolon as a comment character.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: READWORD, Next: READRAWLINE, Prev: READLIST, Up: RECEIVERS readword -------- READWORD RW reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word. The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, 'READWORD' outputs the empty list (not the empty word). 'READWORD' processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream. In the case of a tilde used for line continuation, the output word _does_ include the tilde and the newline characters, so that the user program can tell exactly what the user entered. Vertical bars in the line are also preserved in the output. Backslash characters are not preserved in the output.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: READRAWLINE, Next: READCHAR, Prev: READWORD, Up: RECEIVERS readrawline ----------- READRAWLINE reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word. The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, 'READRAWLINE' outputs the empty list (not the empty word). 'READRAWLINE' outputs the exact string of characters as they appear in the line, with no special meaning for backslash, vertical bar, tilde, or any other formatting characters. *Note READWORD:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: READCHAR, Next: READCHARS, Prev: READRAWLINE, Up: RECEIVERS readchar -------- READCHAR RC reads a single character from the read stream and outputs that character as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, 'READCHAR' outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when 'READCHAR' is invoked, and remains off until 'READLIST' or 'READWORD' is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. *Note READLIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: READCHARS, Next: SHELL, Prev: READCHAR, Up: RECEIVERS readchars --------- READCHARS num RCS num reads NUM characters from the read stream and outputs those characters as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, 'READCHARS' outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when 'READCHARS' is invoked, and remains off until 'READLIST' or 'READWORD' is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. *Note READLIST:: , *note READWORD::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SHELL, Prev: READCHARS, Up: RECEIVERS shell ----- SHELL command (SHELL command wordflag) Under Unix, outputs the result of running COMMAND as a shell command. (The command is sent to '/bin/sh', not 'csh' or other alternatives.) If the command is a literal list in the instruction line, and if you want a backslash character sent to the shell, you must use '\\' to get the backslash through Logo's reader intact. The output is a list containing one member for each line generated by the shell command. Ordinarily each such line is represented by a list in the output, as though the line were read using 'READLIST'. If a second input is given, regardless of the value of the input, each line is represented by a word in the output as though it were read with 'READWORD'. Example: to dayofweek output first first shell [date] end This is 'first first' to extract the first word of the first (and only) line of the shell output. Under MacOS X, 'SHELL' works as under Unix. 'SHELL' is not available under Mac Classic. Under DOS, 'SHELL' is a command, not an operation; it sends its input to a DOS command processor but does not collect the result of the command. Under Windows, the wxWidgets version of Logo behaves as under Unix (except that DOS-style commands are understood; use 'dir' rather than 'ls'). The non-wxWidgets version behaves like the DOS version.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FILE ACCESS, Next: TERMINAL ACCESS, Prev: RECEIVERS, Up: COMMUNICATION 3.3 File Access =============== * Menu: * SETPREFIX:: * PREFIX:: * OPENREAD:: * OPENWRITE:: * OPENAPPEND:: * OPENUPDATE:: * CLOSE:: * ALLOPEN:: * CLOSEALL:: * ERASEFILE:: * DRIBBLE:: * NODRIBBLE:: * SETREAD:: * SETWRITE:: * READER:: * WRITER:: * SETREADPOS:: * SETWRITEPOS:: * READPOS:: * WRITEPOS:: * EOFP:: * FILEP::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETPREFIX, Next: PREFIX, Prev: FILE ACCESS, Up: FILE ACCESS setprefix --------- SETPREFIX string command. Sets a prefix that will be used as the implicit beginning of filenames in 'OPENREAD', 'OPENWRITE', 'OPENAPPEND', 'OPENUPDATE', 'LOAD', and 'SAVE' commands. Logo will put the appropriate separator character (slash for Unix, backslash for DOS/Windows, colon for MacOS Classic) between the prefix and the filename entered by the user. The input to 'SETPREFIX' must be a word, unless it is the empty list, to indicate that there should be no prefix. *Note OPENREAD:: , *Note OPENWRITE:: , *Note OPENAPPEND:: , *Note OPENUPDATE:: , *Note LOAD:: , *Note SAVE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PREFIX, Next: OPENREAD, Prev: SETPREFIX, Up: FILE ACCESS prefix ------ PREFIX outputs the current file prefix, or [] if there is no prefix. *Note SETPREFIX:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: OPENREAD, Next: OPENWRITE, Prev: PREFIX, Up: FILE ACCESS openread -------- OPENREAD filename command. Opens the named file for reading. The read position is initially at the beginning of the file.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: OPENWRITE, Next: OPENAPPEND, Prev: OPENREAD, Up: FILE ACCESS openwrite --------- OPENWRITE filename command. Opens the named file for writing. If the file already existed, the old version is deleted and a new, empty file created. 'OPENWRITE', but not the other 'OPEN' variants, will accept as input a two-element list, in which the first element must be a variable name, and the second must be a positive integer. A character buffer of the specified size will be created. When a 'SETWRITE' is done with this same list (in the sense of .EQ, not a copy, so you must do something like ? make "buf [foo 100] ? openwrite :buf ? setwrite :buf [...] ? close :buf and not just ? openwrite [foo 100] ? setwrite [foo 100] and so on), the printed characters are stored in the buffer; when a 'CLOSE' is done with the same list as input, the characters from the buffer (treated as one long word, even if spaces and newlines are included) become the value of the specified variable.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: OPENAPPEND, Next: OPENUPDATE, Prev: OPENWRITE, Up: FILE ACCESS openappend ---------- OPENAPPEND filename command. Opens the named file for writing. If the file already exists, the write position is initially set to the end of the old file, so that newly written data will be appended to it.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: OPENUPDATE, Next: CLOSE, Prev: OPENAPPEND, Up: FILE ACCESS openupdate ---------- OPENUPDATE filename command. Opens the named file for reading and writing. The read and write position is initially set to the end of the old file, if any. Note: each open file has only one position, for both reading and writing. If a file opened for update is both 'READER' and 'WRITER' at the same time, then 'SETREADPOS' will also affect 'WRITEPOS' and vice versa. Also, if you alternate reading and writing the same file, you must 'SETREADPOS' between a write and a read, and 'SETWRITEPOS' between a read and a write. *Note READER:: , *note WRITER:: , *note SETREADPOS:: , *note SETWRITEPOS::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CLOSE, Next: ALLOPEN, Prev: OPENUPDATE, Up: FILE ACCESS close ----- CLOSE filename command. Closes the named file. If the file was currently the reader or writer, then the reader or writer is changed to the keyboard or screen, as if SETREAD [] or SETWRITE [] had been done.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ALLOPEN, Next: CLOSEALL, Prev: CLOSE, Up: FILE ACCESS allopen ------- ALLOPEN outputs a list whose members are the names of all files currently open. This list does not include the dribble file, if any.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CLOSEALL, Next: ERASEFILE, Prev: ALLOPEN, Up: FILE ACCESS closeall -------- CLOSEALL (library procedure) command. Closes all open files. Abbreviates FOREACH ALLOPEN [CLOSE ?] *Note FOREACH:: , *note CLOSE::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERASEFILE, Next: DRIBBLE, Prev: CLOSEALL, Up: FILE ACCESS erasefile --------- ERASEFILE filename ERF filename command. Erases (deletes, removes) the named file, which should not currently be open.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DRIBBLE, Next: NODRIBBLE, Prev: ERASEFILE, Up: FILE ACCESS dribble ------- DRIBBLE filename command. Creates a new file whose name is the input, like 'OPENWRITE', and begins recording in that file everything that is read from the keyboard or written to the terminal. That is, this writing is in addition to the writing to 'WRITER'. The intent is to create a transcript of a Logo session, including things like prompt characters and interactions. *Note OPENWRITE:: , *note WRITER::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NODRIBBLE, Next: SETREAD, Prev: DRIBBLE, Up: FILE ACCESS nodribble --------- NODRIBBLE command. Stops copying information into the dribble file, and closes the file.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETREAD, Next: SETWRITE, Prev: NODRIBBLE, Up: FILE ACCESS setread ------- SETREAD filename command. Makes the named file the read stream, used for 'READLIST', etc. The file must already be open with 'OPENREAD' or 'OPENUPDATE'. If the input is the empty list, then the read stream becomes the keyboard, as usual. Changing the read stream does not close the file that was previously the read stream, so it is possible to alternate between files. *Note READLIST:: , *note OPENREAD:: , *note OPENUPDATE::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETWRITE, Next: READER, Prev: SETREAD, Up: FILE ACCESS setwrite -------- SETWRITE filename command. Makes the named file the write stream, used for 'PRINT', etc. The file must already be open with 'OPENWRITE', 'OPENAPPEND', or 'OPENUPDATE'. If the input is the empty list, then the write stream becomes the screen, as usual. Changing the write stream does not close the file that was previously the write stream, so it is possible to alternate between files. If the input is a list, then its first element must be a variable name, and its second and last element must be a positive integer; a buffer of that many characters will be allocated, and will become the writestream. If the same list (same in the '.EQ' sense, not a copy) has been used as input to 'OPENWRITE', then the already-allocated buffer will be used, and the writer can be changed to and from this buffer, with all the characters accumulated as in a file. When the same list is used as input to 'CLOSE', the contents of the buffer (as an unparsed word, which may contain newline characters) will become the value of the named variable. For compatibility with earlier versions, if the list has not been opened when the 'SETWRITE' is done, it will be opened implicitly, but the first 'SETWRITE' after this one will implicitly close it, setting the variable and freeing the allocated buffer. *Note PRINT:: , *note OPENWRITE:: ; *note OPENAPPEND:: ; *note OPENUPDATE::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: READER, Next: WRITER, Prev: SETWRITE, Up: FILE ACCESS reader ------ READER outputs the name of the current read stream file, or the empty list if the read stream is the terminal.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WRITER, Next: SETREADPOS, Prev: READER, Up: FILE ACCESS writer ------ WRITER outputs the name of the current write stream file, or the empty list if the write stream is the screen.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETREADPOS, Next: SETWRITEPOS, Prev: WRITER, Up: FILE ACCESS setreadpos ---------- SETREADPOS charpos command. Sets the file pointer of the read stream file so that the next 'READLIST', etc., will begin reading at the CHARPOSth character in the file, counting from 0. (That is, SETREADPOS 0 will start reading from the beginning of the file.) Meaningless if the read stream is the keyboard. *Note READLIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETWRITEPOS, Next: READPOS, Prev: SETREADPOS, Up: FILE ACCESS setwritepos ----------- SETWRITEPOS charpos command. Sets the file pointer of the write stream file so that the next 'PRINT', etc., will begin writing at the CHARPOSth character in the file, counting from 0. (That is, SETWRITEPOS 0 will start writing from the beginning of the file.) Meaningless if the write stream is the screen. *Note PRINT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: READPOS, Next: WRITEPOS, Prev: SETWRITEPOS, Up: FILE ACCESS readpos ------- READPOS outputs the file position of the current read stream file.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WRITEPOS, Next: EOFP, Prev: READPOS, Up: FILE ACCESS writepos -------- WRITEPOS outputs the file position of the current write stream file.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EOFP, Next: FILEP, Prev: WRITEPOS, Up: FILE ACCESS eofp ---- EOFP EOF? predicate, outputs 'TRUE' if there are no more characters to be read in the read stream file, 'FALSE' otherwise.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FILEP, Prev: EOFP, Up: FILE ACCESS filep ----- FILEP filename FILE? filename (library procedure) predicate, outputs 'TRUE' if a file of the specified name exists and can be read, 'FALSE' otherwise.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TERMINAL ACCESS, Prev: FILE ACCESS, Up: COMMUNICATION 3.4 Terminal Access =================== * Menu: * KEYP:: * CLEARTEXT:: * SETCURSOR:: * CURSOR:: * SETMARGINS:: * SETTEXTCOLOR:: * INCREASEFONT:: * SETTEXTSIZE:: * TEXTSIZE:: * SETFONT:: * FONT::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: KEYP, Next: CLEARTEXT, Prev: TERMINAL ACCESS, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS keyp ---- KEYP KEY? predicate, outputs 'TRUE' if there are characters waiting to be read from the read stream. If the read stream is a file, this is equivalent to NOT EOFP. If the read stream is the terminal, then echoing is turned off and the terminal is set to 'cbreak' (character at a time instead of line at a time) mode. It remains in this mode until some line-mode reading is requested (e.g., 'READLIST'). The Unix operating system forgets about any pending characters when it switches modes, so the first 'KEYP' invocation will always output 'FALSE'. *Note EOFP:: , *note READLIST::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CLEARTEXT, Next: SETCURSOR, Prev: KEYP, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS cleartext --------- CLEARTEXT CT command. Clears the text window.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETCURSOR, Next: CURSOR, Prev: CLEARTEXT, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS setcursor --------- SETCURSOR vector command. The input is a list of two numbers, the x and y coordinates of a text window position (origin in the upper left corner, positive direction is southeast). The text cursor is moved to the requested position. This command also forces the immediate printing of any buffered characters.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CURSOR, Next: SETMARGINS, Prev: SETCURSOR, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS cursor ------ CURSOR outputs a list containing the current x and y coordinates of the text cursor. Logo may get confused about the current cursor position if, e.g., you type in a long line that wraps around or your program prints escape codes that affect the screen strangely.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETMARGINS, Next: SETTEXTCOLOR, Prev: CURSOR, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS setmargins ---------- SETMARGINS vector command. The input must be a list of two numbers, as for 'SETCURSOR'. The effect is to clear the screen and then arrange for all further printing to be shifted down and to the right according to the indicated margins. Specifically, every time a newline character is printed (explicitly or implicitly) Logo will type X_MARGIN spaces, and on every invocation of 'SETCURSOR' the margins will be added to the input x and y coordinates. ('CURSOR' will report the cursor position relative to the margins, so that this shift will be invisible to Logo programs.) The purpose of this command is to accommodate the display of terminal screens in lecture halls with inadequate TV monitors that miss the top and left edges of the screen. *Note SETCURSOR:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETTEXTCOLOR, Next: INCREASEFONT, Prev: SETMARGINS, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS settextcolor ------------ SETTEXTCOLOR foreground background SETTC foreground background command (wxWidgets only). The inputs are color numbers, or RGB color lists, as for turtle graphics. The foreground and background colors for the textscreen/splitscreen text window are changed to the given values. The change affects text already printed as well as future text printing; there is only one text color for the entire window. Command (non-wxWidgets Windows and DOS extended only). The inputs are color numbers, as for turtle graphics. Future printing to the text window will use the specified colors for foreground (the characters printed) and background (the space under those characters). Using 'STANDOUT' will revert to the default text window colors. In the DOS extended ('ucblogo.exe') version, colors in textscreen mode are limited to numbers 0-7, and the coloring applies only to text printed by the program, not to the echoing of text typed by the user. Neither limitation applies to the text portion of splitscreen mode, which is actually drawn as graphics internally. *Note STANDOUT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: INCREASEFONT, Next: SETTEXTSIZE, Prev: SETTEXTCOLOR, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS increasefont ------------ INCREASEFONT DECREASEFONT command (wxWidgets only). Increase or decrease the size of the font used in the text and edit windows to the next larger or smaller available size.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETTEXTSIZE, Next: TEXTSIZE, Prev: INCREASEFONT, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS settextsize ----------- SETTEXTSIZE height command (wxWidgets only). Set the "point size" of the font used in the text and edit windows to the given integer input. The desired size may not be available, in which case the nearest available size will be used. Note: There is only a slight correlation between these integers and pixel sizes. Our rough estimate is that the number of pixels of height is about 1.5 times the point size, but it varies for different fonts. See 'SETLABELHEIGHT' for a different approach used for the graphics window.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TEXTSIZE, Next: SETFONT, Prev: SETTEXTSIZE, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS textsize -------- TEXTSIZE (wxWidgets only) outputs the "point size" of the font used in the text and edit windows. See 'SETTEXTSIZE' for a discussion of font sizing. See 'LABELSIZE' for a different approach used for the graphics window.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETFONT, Next: FONT, Prev: TEXTSIZE, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS setfont ------- SETFONT fontname command (wxWidgets only). Set the font family used in all windows to the one named by the input. Try 'Courier' or 'Monospace' as likely possibilities. Not all computers have the same fonts installed. It's a good idea to stick with monospace fonts (ones in which all characters have the same width).  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FONT, Prev: SETFONT, Up: TERMINAL ACCESS font ---- FONT (wxWidgets only) outputs the name of the font family used in all windows.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ARITHMETIC, Next: LOGICAL OPERATIONS, Prev: COMMUNICATION, Up: Top 4 Arithmetic ************ * Menu: * NUMERIC OPERATIONS:: * NUMERIC PREDICATES:: * RANDOM NUMBERS:: * PRINT FORMATTING:: * BITWISE OPERATIONS::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NUMERIC OPERATIONS, Next: NUMERIC PREDICATES, Prev: ARITHMETIC, Up: ARITHMETIC 4.1 Numeric Operations ====================== * Menu: * SUM:: * DIFFERENCE:: * MINUS:: * PRODUCT:: * QUOTIENT:: * REMAINDER:: * MODULO:: * INT:: * ROUND:: * SQRT:: * POWER:: * EXP:: * LOG10:: * LN:: * SIN:: * RADSIN:: * COS:: * RADCOS:: * ARCTAN:: * RADARCTAN:: * ISEQ:: * RSEQ::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SUM, Next: DIFFERENCE, Prev: NUMERIC OPERATIONS, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS sum --- SUM num1 num2 (SUM num1 num2 num3 ...) num1 + num2 outputs the sum of its inputs.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DIFFERENCE, Next: MINUS, Prev: SUM, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS difference ---------- DIFFERENCE num1 num2 num1 - num2 outputs the difference of its inputs. Minus sign means infix difference in ambiguous contexts (when preceded by a complete expression), unless it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. (See also 'MINUS'.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MINUS, Next: PRODUCT, Prev: DIFFERENCE, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS minus ----- MINUS num - num outputs the negative of its input. Minus sign means unary minus if the previous token is an infix operator or open parenthesis, or it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. There is a difference in binding strength between the two forms: MINUS 3 + 4 means -(3+4) - 3 + 4 means (-3)+4  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PRODUCT, Next: QUOTIENT, Prev: MINUS, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS product ------- PRODUCT num1 num2 (PRODUCT num1 num2 num3 ...) num1 * num2 outputs the product of its inputs.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: QUOTIENT, Next: REMAINDER, Prev: PRODUCT, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS quotient -------- QUOTIENT num1 num2 (QUOTIENT num) num1 / num2 outputs the quotient of its inputs. The quotient of two integers is an integer if and only if the dividend is a multiple of the divisor. (In other words, QUOTIENT 5 2 is 2.5, not 2, but QUOTIENT 4 2 is 2, not 2.0 -- it does the right thing.) With a single input, 'QUOTIENT' outputs the reciprocal of the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REMAINDER, Next: MODULO, Prev: QUOTIENT, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS remainder --------- REMAINDER num1 num2 outputs the remainder on dividing NUM1 by NUM2; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as NUM1.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MODULO, Next: INT, Prev: REMAINDER, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS modulo ------ MODULO num1 num2 outputs the remainder on dividing NUM1 by NUM2; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as NUM2.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: INT, Next: ROUND, Prev: MODULO, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS int --- INT num outputs its input with fractional part removed, i.e., an integer with the same sign as the input, whose absolute value is the largest integer less than or equal to the absolute value of the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ROUND, Next: SQRT, Prev: INT, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS round ----- ROUND num outputs the nearest integer to the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SQRT, Next: POWER, Prev: ROUND, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS sqrt ---- SQRT num outputs the square root of the input, which must be nonnegative.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POWER, Next: EXP, Prev: SQRT, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS power ----- POWER num1 num2 outputs NUM1 to the NUM2 power. If NUM1 is negative, then NUM2 must be an integer.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EXP, Next: LOG10, Prev: POWER, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS exp --- EXP num outputs e (2.718281828+) to the input power.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOG10, Next: LN, Prev: EXP, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS log10 ----- LOG10 num outputs the common logarithm of the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LN, Next: SIN, Prev: LOG10, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS ln -- LN num outputs the natural logarithm of the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SIN, Next: RADSIN, Prev: LN, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS sin --- SIN degrees outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in degrees.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RADSIN, Next: COS, Prev: SIN, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS radsin ------ RADSIN radians outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in radians.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: COS, Next: RADCOS, Prev: RADSIN, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS cos --- COS degrees outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in degrees.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RADCOS, Next: ARCTAN, Prev: COS, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS radcos ------ RADCOS radians outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in radians.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ARCTAN, Next: RADARCTAN, Prev: RADCOS, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS arctan ------ ARCTAN num (ARCTAN x y) outputs the arctangent, in degrees, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or 90 or -90 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RADARCTAN, Next: ISEQ, Prev: ARCTAN, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS radarctan --------- RADARCTAN num (RADARCTAN x y) outputs the arctangent, in radians, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or pi/2 or -pi/2 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero. The expression 2*(RADARCTAN 0 1) can be used to get the value of pi.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ISEQ, Next: RSEQ, Prev: RADARCTAN, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS iseq ---- ISEQ from to (library procedure) outputs a list of the integers from FROM to TO, inclusive. ? show iseq 3 7 [3 4 5 6 7] ? show iseq 7 3 [7 6 5 4 3]  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RSEQ, Prev: ISEQ, Up: NUMERIC OPERATIONS rseq ---- RSEQ from to count (library procedure) outputs a list of COUNT equally spaced rational numbers between FROM and TO, inclusive. ? show rseq 3 5 9 [3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5] ? show rseq 3 5 5 [3 3.5 4 4.5 5]  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NUMERIC PREDICATES, Next: RANDOM NUMBERS, Prev: NUMERIC OPERATIONS, Up: ARITHMETIC 4.2 Numeric Predicates ====================== * Menu: * LESSP:: * GREATERP:: * LESSEQUALP:: * GREATEREQUALP::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LESSP, Next: GREATERP, Prev: NUMERIC PREDICATES, Up: NUMERIC PREDICATES lessp ----- LESSP num1 num2 LESS? num1 num2 num1 < num2 outputs 'TRUE' if its first input is strictly less than its second.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GREATERP, Next: LESSEQUALP, Prev: LESSP, Up: NUMERIC PREDICATES greaterp -------- GREATERP num1 num2 GREATER? num1 num2 num1 > num2 outputs 'TRUE' if its first input is strictly greater than its second.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LESSEQUALP, Next: GREATEREQUALP, Prev: GREATERP, Up: NUMERIC PREDICATES lessequalp ---------- LESSEQUALP num1 num2 LESSEQUAL? num1 num2 num1 <= num2 outputs 'TRUE' if its first input is less than or equal to its second.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GREATEREQUALP, Prev: LESSEQUALP, Up: NUMERIC PREDICATES greaterequalp ------------- GREATEREQUALP num1 num2 GREATEREQUAL? num1 num2 num1 >= num2 outputs 'TRUE' if its first input is greater than or equal to its second.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RANDOM NUMBERS, Next: PRINT FORMATTING, Prev: NUMERIC PREDICATES, Up: ARITHMETIC 4.3 Random Numbers ================== * Menu: * RANDOM:: * RERANDOM::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RANDOM, Next: RERANDOM, Prev: RANDOM NUMBERS, Up: RANDOM NUMBERS random ------ RANDOM num (RANDOM start end) with one input, outputs a random nonnegative integer less than its input, which must be a positive integer. With two inputs, 'RANDOM' outputs a random integer greater than or equal to the first input, and less than or equal to the second input. Both inputs must be integers, and the first must be less than the second. (RANDOM 0 9) is equivalent to RANDOM 10; (RANDOM 3 8) is equivalent to (RANDOM 6)+3.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RERANDOM, Prev: RANDOM, Up: RANDOM NUMBERS rerandom -------- RERANDOM (RERANDOM seed) command. Makes the results of 'RANDOM' reproducible. Ordinarily the sequence of random numbers is different each time Logo is used. If you need the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers repeatedly, e.g. to debug a program, say 'RERANDOM' before the first invocation of 'RANDOM'. If you need more than one repeatable sequence, you can give 'RERANDOM' an integer input; each possible input selects a unique sequence of numbers.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PRINT FORMATTING, Next: BITWISE OPERATIONS, Prev: RANDOM NUMBERS, Up: ARITHMETIC 4.4 Print Formatting ==================== * Menu: * FORM::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FORM, Prev: PRINT FORMATTING, Up: PRINT FORMATTING form ---- FORM num width precision outputs a word containing a printable representation of NUM, possibly preceded by spaces (and therefore not a number for purposes of performing arithmetic operations), with at least WIDTH characters, including exactly PRECISION digits after the decimal point. (If PRECISION is 0 then there will be no decimal point in the output.) As a debugging feature, (FORM num -1 format) will print the floating point NUM according to the C printf FORMAT, to allow to hex :num op form :num -1 "|%08X %08X| end to allow finding out the exact result of floating point operations. The precise format needed may be machine-dependent.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BITWISE OPERATIONS, Prev: PRINT FORMATTING, Up: ARITHMETIC 4.5 Bitwise Operations ====================== * Menu: * BITAND:: * BITOR:: * BITXOR:: * BITNOT:: * ASHIFT:: * LSHIFT::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BITAND, Next: BITOR, Prev: BITWISE OPERATIONS, Up: BITWISE OPERATIONS bitand ------ BITAND num1 num2 (BITAND num1 num2 num3 ...) outputs the bitwise AND of its inputs, which must be integers. *Note AND:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BITOR, Next: BITXOR, Prev: BITAND, Up: BITWISE OPERATIONS bitor ----- BITOR num1 num2 (BITOR num1 num2 num3 ...) outputs the bitwise OR of its inputs, which must be integers. *Note OR:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BITXOR, Next: BITNOT, Prev: BITOR, Up: BITWISE OPERATIONS bitxor ------ BITXOR num1 num2 (BITXOR num1 num2 num3 ...) outputs the bitwise EXCLUSIVE OR of its inputs, which must be integers. *Note OR:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BITNOT, Next: ASHIFT, Prev: BITXOR, Up: BITWISE OPERATIONS bitnot ------ BITNOT num outputs the bitwise NOT of its input, which must be an integer. *Note NOT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ASHIFT, Next: LSHIFT, Prev: BITNOT, Up: BITWISE OPERATIONS ashift ------ ASHIFT num1 num2 outputs NUM1 arithmetic-shifted to the left by NUM2 bits. If NUM2 is negative, the shift is to the right with sign extension. The inputs must be integers.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LSHIFT, Prev: ASHIFT, Up: BITWISE OPERATIONS lshift ------ LSHIFT num1 num2 outputs NUM1 logical-shifted to the left by NUM2 bits. If NUM2 is negative, the shift is to the right with zero fill. The inputs must be integers.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOGICAL OPERATIONS, Next: GRAPHICS, Prev: ARITHMETIC, Up: Top 5 Logical Operations ******************** * Menu: * AND:: * OR:: * NOT::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: AND, Next: OR, Prev: LOGICAL OPERATIONS, Up: LOGICAL OPERATIONS and === AND tf1 tf2 (AND tf1 tf2 tf3 ...) outputs 'TRUE' if all inputs are 'TRUE', otherwise 'FALSE'. All inputs must be 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of 'CASEIGNOREDP'. That is, 'true' or 'True' or 'TRUE' are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a 'TRUE' or 'FALSE' value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a 'FALSE' value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: MAKE "RESULT AND [NOT (:X = 0)] [(1 / :X) > .5] to avoid the division by zero if the first part is false. *Note CASEIGNOREDP:: . * Menu: * OR:: * NOT::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: OR, Next: NOT, Prev: AND, Up: LOGICAL OPERATIONS or -- OR tf1 tf2 (OR tf1 tf2 tf3 ...) outputs 'TRUE' if any input is 'TRUE', otherwise 'FALSE'. All inputs must be 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of 'CASEIGNOREDP'. That is, 'true' or 'True' or 'TRUE' are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a 'TRUE' or 'FALSE' value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a 'TRUE' value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: IF OR :X=0 [some.long.computation] [...] to avoid the long computation if the first condition is met. *Note CASEIGNOREDP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NOT, Prev: OR, Up: LOGICAL OPERATIONS not --- NOT tf outputs 'TRUE' if the input is 'FALSE', and vice versa. The input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a 'TRUE' or 'FALSE' value.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GRAPHICS, Next: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, Prev: LOGICAL OPERATIONS, Up: Top 6 Graphics ********** Berkeley Logo provides traditional Logo turtle graphics with one turtle. Multiple turtles, dynamic turtles, and collision detection are not supported. This is the most hardware-dependent part of Logo; some features may exist on some machines but not others. Nevertheless, the goal has been to make Logo programs as portable as possible, rather than to take fullest advantage of the capabilities of each machine. In particular, Logo attempts to scale the screen so that turtle coordinates [-100 -100] and [100 100] fit on the graphics window, and so that the aspect ratio is 1:1. The center of the graphics window (which may or may not be the entire screen, depending on the machine used) is turtle location [0 0]. Positive X is to the right; positive Y is up. Headings (angles) are measured in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis. (This differs from the common mathematical convention of measuring angles counterclockwise from the positive X axis.) The turtle is represented as an isoceles triangle; the actual turtle position is at the midpoint of the base (the short side). However, the turtle is drawn one step behind its actual position, so that the display of the base of the turtle's triangle does not obscure a line drawn perpendicular to it (as would happen after drawing a square). Colors are, of course, hardware-dependent. However, Logo provides partial hardware independence by interpreting color numbers 0 through 7 uniformly on all computers: 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white Where possible, Logo provides additional user-settable colors; how many are available depends on the hardware and operating system environment. If at least 16 colors are available, Logo tries to provide uniform initial settings for the colors 8-15: 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey Logo begins with a black background and white pen. * Menu: * TURTLE MOTION:: * TURTLE MOTION QUERIES:: * TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL:: * TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES:: * PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL:: * PEN QUERIES:: * SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES:: * MOUSE QUERIES::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TURTLE MOTION, Next: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, Prev: GRAPHICS, Up: GRAPHICS 6.1 Turtle Motion ================= * Menu: * FORWARD:: * BACK:: * LEFT:: * RIGHT:: * SETPOS:: * SETXY:: * SETX:: * SETY:: * SETHEADING:: * HOME:: * ARC::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FORWARD, Next: BACK, Prev: TURTLE MOTION, Up: TURTLE MOTION forward ------- FORWARD dist FD dist moves the turtle forward, in the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance (measured in turtle steps).  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BACK, Next: LEFT, Prev: FORWARD, Up: TURTLE MOTION back ---- BACK dist BK dist moves the turtle backward, i.e., exactly opposite to the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance. (The heading of the turtle does not change.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LEFT, Next: RIGHT, Prev: BACK, Up: TURTLE MOTION left ---- LEFT degrees LT degrees turns the turtle counterclockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle).  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RIGHT, Next: SETPOS, Prev: LEFT, Up: TURTLE MOTION right ----- RIGHT degrees RT degrees turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle).  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETPOS, Next: SETXY, Prev: RIGHT, Up: TURTLE MOTION setpos ------ SETPOS pos moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The input is a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETXY, Next: SETX, Prev: SETPOS, Up: TURTLE MOTION setxy ----- SETXY xcor ycor moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The two inputs are numbers, the X and Y coordinates.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETX, Next: SETY, Prev: SETXY, Up: TURTLE MOTION setx ---- SETX xcor moves the turtle horizontally from its old position to a new absolute horizontal coordinate. The input is the new X coordinate.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETY, Next: SETHEADING, Prev: SETX, Up: TURTLE MOTION sety ---- SETY ycor moves the turtle vertically from its old position to a new absolute vertical coordinate. The input is the new Y coordinate.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETHEADING, Next: HOME, Prev: SETY, Up: TURTLE MOTION setheading ---------- SETHEADING degrees SETH degrees turns the turtle to a new absolute heading. The input is a number, the heading in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: HOME, Next: ARC, Prev: SETHEADING, Up: TURTLE MOTION home ---- HOME moves the turtle to the center of the screen. Equivalent to SETPOS [0 0] SETHEADING 0. *Note SETPOS:: , *Note SETHEADING:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ARC, Prev: HOME, Up: TURTLE MOTION arc --- ARC angle radius draws an arc of a circle, with the turtle at the center, with the specified radius, starting at the turtle's heading and extending clockwise through the specified angle. The turtle does not move.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, Next: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, Prev: TURTLE MOTION, Up: GRAPHICS 6.2 Turtle Motion Queries ========================= * Menu: * POS:: * XCOR:: * YCOR:: * HEADING:: * TOWARDS:: * SCRUNCH::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POS, Next: XCOR, Prev: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, Up: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES pos --- POS outputs the turtle's current position, as a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: XCOR, Next: YCOR, Prev: POS, Up: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES xcor ---- XCOR (library procedure) outputs a number, the turtle's X coordinate.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: YCOR, Next: HEADING, Prev: XCOR, Up: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES ycor ---- YCOR (library procedure) outputs a number, the turtle's Y coordinate.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: HEADING, Next: TOWARDS, Prev: YCOR, Up: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES heading ------- HEADING outputs a number, the turtle's heading in degrees.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TOWARDS, Next: SCRUNCH, Prev: HEADING, Up: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES towards ------- TOWARDS pos outputs a number, the heading at which the turtle should be facing so that it would point from its current position to the position given as the input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SCRUNCH, Prev: TOWARDS, Up: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES scrunch ------- SCRUNCH outputs a list containing two numbers, the X and Y scrunch factors, as used by 'SETSCRUNCH'. (But note that 'SETSCRUNCH' takes two numbers as inputs, not one list of numbers.) *Note SETSCRUNCH:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, Next: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, Prev: TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, Up: GRAPHICS 6.3 Turtle and Window Control ============================= * Menu: * SHOWTURTLE:: * HIDETURTLE:: * CLEAN:: * CLEARSCREEN:: * WRAP:: * WINDOW:: * FENCE:: * FILL:: * FILLED:: * LABEL:: * SETLABELHEIGHT:: * TEXTSCREEN:: * FULLSCREEN:: * SPLITSCREEN:: * SETSCRUNCH:: * REFRESH:: * NOREFRESH::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SHOWTURTLE, Next: HIDETURTLE, Prev: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL showturtle ---------- SHOWTURTLE ST makes the turtle visible.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: HIDETURTLE, Next: CLEAN, Prev: SHOWTURTLE, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL hideturtle ---------- HIDETURTLE HT makes the turtle invisible. It's a good idea to do this while you're in the middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing substantially.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CLEAN, Next: CLEARSCREEN, Prev: HIDETURTLE, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL clean ----- CLEAN erases all lines that the turtle has drawn on the graphics window. The turtle's state (position, heading, pen mode, etc.) is not changed.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CLEARSCREEN, Next: WRAP, Prev: CLEAN, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL clearscreen ----------- CLEARSCREEN CS erases the graphics window and sends the turtle to its initial position and heading. Like 'HOME' and 'CLEAN' together. *Note HOME:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WRAP, Next: WINDOW, Prev: CLEARSCREEN, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL wrap ---- WRAP tells the turtle to enter wrap mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will "wrap around" and reappear at the opposite edge of the window. The top edge wraps to the bottom edge, while the left edge wraps to the right edge. (So the window is topologically equivalent to a torus.) This is the turtle's initial mode. Compare 'WINDOW' and 'FENCE'. *Note FENCE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WINDOW, Next: FENCE, Prev: WRAP, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL window ------ WINDOW tells the turtle to enter window mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move offscreen. The visible graphics window is considered as just part of an infinite graphics plane; the turtle can be anywhere on the plane. (If you lose the turtle, 'HOME' will bring it back to the center of the window.) Compare 'WRAP' and 'FENCE'. *Note HOME:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FENCE, Next: FILL, Prev: WINDOW, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL fence ----- FENCE tells the turtle to enter fence mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move as far as it can and then stop at the edge with an "out of bounds" error message. Compare 'WRAP' and 'WINDOW'. *Note WRAP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FILL, Next: FILLED, Prev: FENCE, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL fill ---- FILL fills in a region of the graphics window containing the turtle and bounded by lines that have been drawn earlier. This is not portable; it doesn't work for all machines, and may not work exactly the same way on different machines.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FILLED, Next: LABEL, Prev: FILL, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL filled ------ FILLED color instructions runs the instructions, remembering all points visited by turtle motion commands, starting _and ending_ with the turtle's initial position. Then draws (ignoring penmode) the resulting polygon, in the current pen color, filling the polygon with the given color, which can be a color number or an RGB list. The instruction list cannot include another FILLED invocation. (wxWidgets only)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LABEL, Next: SETLABELHEIGHT, Prev: FILLED, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL label ----- LABEL text takes a word or list as input, and prints the input on the graphics window, starting at the turtle's position.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETLABELHEIGHT, Next: TEXTSCREEN, Prev: LABEL, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL setlabelheight -------------- SETLABELHEIGHT height command (wxWidgets only). Takes a positive integer argument and tries to set the font size so that the character height (including descenders) is that many turtle steps. This will be different from the number of screen pixels if 'SETSCRUNCH' has been used. Also, note that 'SETSCRUNCH' changes the font size to try to preserve this height in turtle steps. Note that the query operation corresponding to this command is 'LABELSIZE', not 'LABELHEIGHT', because it tells you the width as well as the height of characters in the current font.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TEXTSCREEN, Next: FULLSCREEN, Prev: SETLABELHEIGHT, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL textscreen ---------- TEXTSCREEN TS rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the text window (the window used for interaction with Logo). The details differ among machines. Compare 'SPLITSCREEN' and 'FULLSCREEN'. *Note SPLITSCREEN:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FULLSCREEN, Next: SPLITSCREEN, Prev: TEXTSCREEN, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL fullscreen ---------- FULLSCREEN FS rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the graphics window. The details differ among machines. Compare 'SPLITSCREEN' and 'TEXTSCREEN'. Since there must be a text window to allow printing (including the printing of the Logo prompt), Logo automatically switches from fullscreen to splitscreen whenever anything is printed. In the DOS version, switching from fullscreen to splitscreen loses the part of the picture that's hidden by the text window. [This design decision follows from the scarcity of memory, so that the extra memory to remember an invisible part of a drawing seems too expensive.]  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SPLITSCREEN, Next: SETSCRUNCH, Prev: FULLSCREEN, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL splitscreen ----------- SPLITSCREEN SS rearranges the size and position of windows to allow some room for text interaction while also keeping most of the graphics window visible. The details differ among machines. Compare 'TEXTSCREEN' and 'FULLSCREEN'. *Note TEXTSCREEN:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETSCRUNCH, Next: REFRESH, Prev: SPLITSCREEN, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL setscrunch ---------- SETSCRUNCH xscale yscale adjusts the aspect ratio and scaling of the graphics display. After this command is used, all further turtle motion will be adjusted by multiplying the horizontal and vertical extent of the motion by the two numbers given as inputs. For example, after the instruction SETSCRUNCH 2 1 motion at a heading of 45 degrees will move twice as far horizontally as vertically. If your squares don't come out square, try this. (Alternatively, you can deliberately misadjust the aspect ratio to draw an ellipse.) For all modern computers, both scale factors are initially 1. For DOS machines, the scale factors are initially set according to what the hardware claims the aspect ratio is, but the hardware sometimes lies. For DOS, the values set by 'SETSCRUNCH' are remembered in a file (called 'scrunch.dat') and are automatically put into effect when a Logo session begins.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REFRESH, Next: NOREFRESH, Prev: SETSCRUNCH, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL refresh ------- REFRESH (command) tells Logo to remember the turtle's motions so that they can be used for high-resolution printing (wxWidgets) or to refresh the graphics window if it is moved, resized, or overlayed (non-wxWidgets). This is the default.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NOREFRESH, Prev: REFRESH, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL norefresh --------- NOREFRESH (command) tells Logo not to remember the turtle's motions, which may be useful to save time and memory if your program is interactive or animated, rather than drawing a static picture you'll want to print later (wxWidgets). In non-wxWidgets versions, using NOREFRESH may prevent Logo from restoring the graphics image after the window is moved, resized, or overlayed.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, Next: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, Prev: TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, Up: GRAPHICS 6.4 Turtle and Window Queries ============================= * Menu: * SHOWNP:: * SCREENMODE:: * TURTLEMODE:: * LABELSIZE::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SHOWNP, Next: SCREENMODE, Prev: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES shownp ------ SHOWNP SHOWN? outputs 'TRUE' if the turtle is shown (visible), 'FALSE' if the turtle is hidden. See 'SHOWTURTLE' and 'HIDETURTLE'. *Note SHOWTURTLE:: , *note HIDETURTLE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SCREENMODE, Next: TURTLEMODE, Prev: SHOWNP, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES screenmode ---------- SCREENMODE outputs the word 'TEXTSCREEN', 'SPLITSCREEN', or 'FULLSCREEN' depending on the current screen mode.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TURTLEMODE, Next: LABELSIZE, Prev: SCREENMODE, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES turtlemode ---------- TURTLEMODE outputs the word 'WRAP', 'FENCE', or 'WINDOW' depending on the current turtle mode.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LABELSIZE, Prev: TURTLEMODE, Up: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES labelsize --------- LABELSIZE (wxWidgets only) outputs a list of two positive integers, the width and height of characters displayed by 'LABEL' measured in turtle steps (which will be different from screen pixels if 'SETSCRUNCH' has been used). There is no 'SETLABELSIZE' because the width and height of a font are not separately controllable, so the inverse of this operation is 'SETLABELHEIGHT', which takes just one number for the desired height.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, Next: PEN QUERIES, Prev: TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, Up: GRAPHICS 6.5 Pen and Background Control ============================== The turtle carries a pen that can draw pictures. At any time the pen can be UP (in which case moving the turtle does not change what's on the graphics screen) or DOWN (in which case the turtle leaves a trace). If the pen is down, it can operate in one of three modes: PAINT (so that it draws lines when the turtle moves), ERASE (so that it erases any lines that might have been drawn on or through that path earlier), or REVERSE (so that it inverts the status of each point along the turtle's path). * Menu: * PENDOWN:: * PENUP:: * PENPAINT:: * PENERASE:: * PENREVERSE:: * SETPENCOLOR:: * SETPALETTE:: * SETPENSIZE:: * SETPENPATTERN:: * SETPEN:: * SETBACKGROUND::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENDOWN, Next: PENUP, Prev: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL pendown ------- PENDOWN PD sets the pen's position to 'DOWN', without changing its mode.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENUP, Next: PENPAINT, Prev: PENDOWN, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL penup ----- PENUP PU sets the pen's position to 'UP', without changing its mode.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENPAINT, Next: PENERASE, Prev: PENUP, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL penpaint -------- PENPAINT PPT sets the pen's position to 'DOWN' and mode to 'PAINT'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENERASE, Next: PENREVERSE, Prev: PENPAINT, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL penerase -------- PENERASE PE sets the pen's position to 'DOWN' and mode to 'ERASE'. *Note ERASE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENREVERSE, Next: SETPENCOLOR, Prev: PENERASE, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL penreverse ---------- PENREVERSE PX sets the pen's position to 'DOWN' and mode to 'REVERSE'. (This may interact in system-dependent ways with use of color.) *Note REVERSE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETPENCOLOR, Next: SETPALETTE, Prev: PENREVERSE, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL setpencolor ----------- SETPENCOLOR colornumber.or.rgblist SETPC colornumber.or.rgblist sets the pen color to the given number, which must be a nonnegative integer. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the 'PALETTE' command. Alternatively, sets the pen color to the given RGB values (a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color).  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETPALETTE, Next: SETPENSIZE, Prev: SETPENCOLOR, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL setpalette ---------- SETPALETTE colornumber rgblist sets the actual color corresponding to a given number, if allowed by the hardware and operating system. Colornumber must be an integer greater than or equal to 8. (Logo tries to keep the first 8 colors constant.) The second input is a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETPENSIZE, Next: SETPENPATTERN, Prev: SETPALETTE, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL setpensize ---------- SETPENSIZE size sets the thickness of the pen. The input is either a single positive integer or a list of two positive integers (for horizontal and vertical thickness). Some versions pay no attention to the second number, but always have a square pen.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETPENPATTERN, Next: SETPEN, Prev: SETPENSIZE, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL setpenpattern ------------- SETPENPATTERN pattern sets hardware-dependent pen characteristics. This command is not guaranteed compatible between implementations on different machines.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETPEN, Next: SETBACKGROUND, Prev: SETPENPATTERN, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL setpen ------ SETPEN list (library procedure) sets the pen's position, mode, thickness, and hardware-dependent characteristics according to the information in the input list, which should be taken from an earlier invocation of 'PEN'. *Note PEN:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETBACKGROUND, Prev: SETPEN, Up: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL setbackground ------------- SETBACKGROUND colornumber.or.rgblist SETBG colornumber.or.rgblist set the screen background color by slot number or RGB values. See 'SETPENCOLOR' for details. *Note SETPENCOLOR:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PEN QUERIES, Next: SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, Prev: PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, Up: GRAPHICS 6.6 Pen Queries =============== * Menu: * PENDOWNP:: * PENMODE:: * PENCOLOR:: * PALETTE:: * PENSIZE:: * PEN:: * BACKGROUND::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENDOWNP, Next: PENMODE, Prev: PEN QUERIES, Up: PEN QUERIES pendownp -------- PENDOWNP PENDOWN? outputs 'TRUE' if the pen is down, 'FALSE' if it's up.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENMODE, Next: PENCOLOR, Prev: PENDOWNP, Up: PEN QUERIES penmode ------- PENMODE outputs one of the words 'PAINT', 'ERASE', or 'REVERSE' according to the current pen mode. *Note ERASE:: , *note REVERSE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENCOLOR, Next: PALETTE, Prev: PENMODE, Up: PEN QUERIES pencolor -------- PENCOLOR PC outputs a color number, a nonnegative integer that is associated with a particular color, or a list of RGB values if such a list was used as the most recent input to 'SETPENCOLOR'. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the 'PALETTE' command.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PALETTE, Next: PENSIZE, Prev: PENCOLOR, Up: PEN QUERIES palette ------- PALETTE colornumber outputs a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the color associated with the given number.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PENSIZE, Next: PEN, Prev: PALETTE, Up: PEN QUERIES pensize ------- PENSIZE outputs a list of two positive integers, specifying the horizontal and vertical thickness of the turtle pen. (In some implementations, including wxWidgets, the two numbers are always equal.) PENPATTERN outputs system-specific pen information.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PEN, Next: BACKGROUND, Prev: PENSIZE, Up: PEN QUERIES pen --- PEN (library procedure) outputs a list containing the pen's position, mode, thickness, and hardware-specific characteristics, for use by 'SETPEN'. *Note SETPEN:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BACKGROUND, Prev: PEN, Up: PEN QUERIES background ---------- BACKGROUND BG outputs the graphics background color, either as a slot number or as an RGB list, whichever way it was set. (See 'PENCOLOR'.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, Next: MOUSE QUERIES, Prev: PEN QUERIES, Up: GRAPHICS 6.7 Saving and Loading Pictures =============================== * Menu: * SAVEPICT:: * LOADPICT:: * EPSPICT::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SAVEPICT, Next: LOADPICT, Prev: SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, Up: SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES savepict -------- SAVEPICT filename command. Writes a file with the specified name containing the state of the graphics window, including any nonstandard color palette settings, in Logo's internal format. This picture can be restored to the screen using 'LOADPICT'. The format is not portable between platforms, nor is it readable by other programs. *note EPSPICT:: to export Logo graphics for other programs.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOADPICT, Next: EPSPICT, Prev: SAVEPICT, Up: SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES loadpict -------- LOADPICT filename command. Reads the specified file, which must have been written by a 'SAVEPICT' command, and restores the graphics window and color palette settings to the values stored in the file. Any drawing previously on the screen is cleared. *Note SAVEPICT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EPSPICT, Prev: LOADPICT, Up: SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES epspict ------- EPSPICT filename command. Writes a file with the specified name, containing an Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) representation of the state of the graphics window. This file can be imported into other programs that understand EPS format. Restrictions: the drawing cannot use 'FILL', 'PENERASE', or 'PENREVERSE'; any such instructions will be ignored in the translation to Postscript form. *Note FILL:: , *Note PENERASE:: , *Note PENREVERSE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MOUSE QUERIES, Prev: SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, Up: GRAPHICS 6.8 Mouse Queries ================= * Menu: * MOUSEPOS:: * CLICKPOS:: * BUTTONP:: * BUTTON::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MOUSEPOS, Next: CLICKPOS, Prev: MOUSE QUERIES, Up: MOUSE QUERIES mousepos -------- MOUSEPOS outputs the coordinates of the mouse, provided that it's within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. If the mouse is outside the graphics window, then the last position within the window is returned. Exception: If a mouse button is pressed within the graphics window and held while the mouse is dragged outside the window, the mouse's position is returned as if the window were big enough to include it.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CLICKPOS, Next: BUTTONP, Prev: MOUSEPOS, Up: MOUSE QUERIES clickpos -------- CLICKPOS outputs the coordinates that the mouse was at when a mouse button was most recently pushed, provided that that position was within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. (wxWidgets only)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BUTTONP, Next: BUTTON, Prev: CLICKPOS, Up: MOUSE QUERIES buttonp ------- BUTTONP BUTTON? outputs 'TRUE' if a mouse button is down and the mouse is over the graphics window. Once the button is down, 'BUTTONP' remains true until the button is released, even if the mouse is dragged out of the graphics window.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BUTTON, Prev: BUTTONP, Up: MOUSE QUERIES button ------ BUTTON outputs 0 if no mouse button has been pushed inside the Logo window since the last call to 'BUTTON'. Otherwise, it outputs an integer between 1 and 3 indicating which button was most recently pressed. Ordinarily 1 means left, 2 means right, and 3 means center, but operating systems may reconfigure these.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, Next: CONTROL STRUCTURES, Prev: GRAPHICS, Up: Top 7 Workspace Management ********************** * Menu: * PROCEDURE DEFINITION:: * VARIABLE DEFINITION:: * PROPERTY LISTS:: * WORKSPACE PREDICATES:: * WORKSPACE QUERIES:: * WORKSPACE INSPECTION:: * WORKSPACE CONTROL::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PROCEDURE DEFINITION, Next: VARIABLE DEFINITION, Prev: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, Up: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT 7.1 Procedure Definition ======================== * Menu: * TO:: * DEFINE:: * TEXT:: * FULLTEXT:: * COPYDEF::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TO, Next: DEFINE, Prev: PROCEDURE DEFINITION, Up: PROCEDURE DEFINITION to -- TO procname :input1 :input2 ... (special form) command. Prepares Logo to accept a procedure definition. The procedure will be named PROCNAME and there must not already be a procedure by that name. The inputs will be called INPUT1 etc. Any number of inputs are allowed, including none. Names of procedures and inputs are case-insensitive. Unlike every other Logo procedure, TO takes as its inputs the actual words typed in the instruction line, as if they were all quoted, rather than the results of evaluating expressions to provide the inputs. (That's what "special form" means.) This version of Logo allows variable numbers of inputs to a procedure. After the procedure name come four kinds of things, _in this order_: 1. 0 or more REQUIRED inputs :FOO :FROBOZZ 2. 0 or more OPTIONAL inputs [:BAZ 87] [:THINGO 5+9] 3. 0 or 1 REST input [:GARPLY] 4. 0 or 1 DEFAULT number 5 Every procedure has a MINIMUM, DEFAULT, and MAXIMUM number of inputs. (The latter can be infinite.) The MINIMUM number of inputs is the number of required inputs, which must come first. A required input is indicated by the :inputname notation. After all the required inputs can be zero or more optional inputs, each of which is represented by the following notation: [:inputname default.value.expression] When the procedure is invoked, if actual inputs are not supplied for these optional inputs, the DEFAULT VALUE EXPRESSIONs are evaluated to set values for the corresponding input names. The inputs are processed from left to right, so a default value expression can be based on earlier inputs. Example: to proc :inlist [:startvalue first :inlist] If the procedure is invoked by saying proc [a b c] then the variable 'inlist' will have the value [A B C] and the variable 'startvalue' will have the value A. If the procedure is invoked by saying (proc [a b c] "x) then 'inlist' will have the value [A B C] and 'startvalue' will have the value X. After all the required and optional input can come a single "rest" input, represented by the following notation: [:inputname] This is a rest input rather than an optional input because there is no default value expression. There can be at most one rest input. When the procedure is invoked, the value of this INPUTNAME will be a list containing all of the actual inputs provided that were not used for required or optional inputs. Example: to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3 "baz] [:in4] If this procedure is invoked by saying proc "x then 'in1' has the value X, 'in2' has the value FOO, 'in3' has the value BAZ, and 'in4' has the value [] (the empty list). If it's invoked by saying (proc "a "b "c "d "e) then 'in1' has the value A, 'in2' has the value B, 'in3' has the value C, and 'in4' has the value [D E]. The _maximum_ number of inputs for a procedure is infinite if a rest input is given; otherwise, it is the number of required inputs plus the number of optional inputs. The _default_ number of inputs for a procedure, which is the number of inputs that it will accept if its invocation is not enclosed in parentheses, is ordinarily equal to the minimum number. If you want a different default number you can indicate that by putting the desired default number as the last thing on the 'TO' line. example: to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3] 3 This procedure has a minimum of one input, a default of three inputs, and an infinite maximum. Logo responds to the 'TO' command by entering procedure definition mode. The prompt character changes from '?' to '>' and whatever instructions you type become part of the definition until you type a line containing only the word 'END'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DEFINE, Next: TEXT, Prev: TO, Up: PROCEDURE DEFINITION define ------ DEFINE procname text command. Defines a procedure with name PROCNAME and text TEXT. If there is already a procedure with the same name, the new definition replaces the old one. The TEXT input must be a list whose members are lists. The first member is a list of inputs; it looks like a 'TO' line but without the word 'TO', without the procedure name, and without the colons before input names. In other words, the members of this first sublist are words for the names of required inputs and lists for the names of optional or rest inputs. The remaining sublists of the TEXT input make up the body of the procedure, with one sublist for each instruction line of the body. (There is no 'END' line in the text input.) It is an error to redefine a primitive procedure unless the variable 'REDEFP' has the value 'TRUE'. *Note REDEFP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TEXT, Next: FULLTEXT, Prev: DEFINE, Up: PROCEDURE DEFINITION text ---- TEXT procname outputs the text of the procedure named PROCNAME in the form expected by 'DEFINE': a list of lists, the first of which describes the inputs to the procedure and the rest of which are the lines of its body. The text does not reflect formatting information used when the procedure was defined, such as continuation lines and extra spaces.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FULLTEXT, Next: COPYDEF, Prev: TEXT, Up: PROCEDURE DEFINITION fulltext -------- FULLTEXT procname outputs a representation of the procedure PROCNAME in which formatting information is preserved. If the procedure was defined with 'TO', 'EDIT', or 'LOAD', then the output is a list of words. Each word represents one entire line of the definition in the form output by 'READWORD', including extra spaces and continuation lines. The last member of the output represents the 'END' line. If the procedure was defined with 'DEFINE', then the output is a list of lists. If these lists are printed, one per line, the result will look like a definition using 'TO'. Note: the output from 'FULLTEXT' is not suitable for use as input to 'DEFINE'! *Note TO:: , *note EDIT:: , *note LOAD:: , *note DEFINE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: COPYDEF, Prev: FULLTEXT, Up: PROCEDURE DEFINITION copydef ------- COPYDEF newname oldname command. Makes NEWNAME a procedure identical to OLDNAME. The latter may be a primitive. If NEWNAME was already defined, its previous definition is lost. If NEWNAME was already a primitive, the redefinition is not permitted unless the variable 'REDEFP' has the value 'TRUE'. Note: dialects of Logo differ as to the order of inputs to 'COPYDEF'. This dialect uses "'MAKE' order," not "'NAME' order." *Note REDEFP:: , *note SAVE:: , *note PO:: , *note POT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: VARIABLE DEFINITION, Next: PROPERTY LISTS, Prev: PROCEDURE DEFINITION, Up: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT 7.2 Variable Definition ======================= * Menu: * MAKE:: * NAME:: * LOCAL:: * LOCALMAKE:: * THING:: * GLOBAL::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MAKE, Next: NAME, Prev: VARIABLE DEFINITION, Up: VARIABLE DEFINITION make ---- MAKE varname value command. Assigns the value VALUE to the variable named VARNAME, which must be a word. Variable names are case-insensitive. If a variable with the same name already exists, the value of that variable is changed. If not, a new global variable is created.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NAME, Next: LOCAL, Prev: MAKE, Up: VARIABLE DEFINITION name ---- NAME value varname (library procedure) command. Same as 'MAKE' but with the inputs in reverse order.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOCAL, Next: LOCALMAKE, Prev: NAME, Up: VARIABLE DEFINITION local ----- LOCAL varname LOCAL varnamelist (LOCAL varname1 varname2 ...) command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The variables are local to the currently running procedure. Logo variables follow dynamic scope rules; a variable that is local to a procedure is available to any subprocedure invoked by that procedure. The variables created by 'LOCAL' have no initial value; they must be assigned a value (e.g., with 'MAKE') before the procedure attempts to read their value. *Note MAKE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOCALMAKE, Next: THING, Prev: LOCAL, Up: VARIABLE DEFINITION localmake --------- LOCALMAKE varname value (library procedure) command. Makes the named variable local, like 'LOCAL', and assigns it the given value, like 'MAKE'. *Note LOCAL:: , *Note MAKE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: THING, Next: GLOBAL, Prev: LOCALMAKE, Up: VARIABLE DEFINITION thing ----- THING varname :quoted.varname outputs the value of the variable whose name is the input. If there is more than one such variable, the innermost local variable of that name is chosen. The colon notation is an abbreviation not for 'THING' but for the combination thing " so that :FOO means THING "FOO.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GLOBAL, Prev: THING, Up: VARIABLE DEFINITION global ------ GLOBAL varname GLOBAL varnamelist (GLOBAL varname1 varname2 ...) command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A global variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The only reason this is necessary is that you might want to use the "setter" notation 'SETXYZ' for a variable 'XYZ' that does not already have a value; GLOBAL "XYZ makes that legal. Note: If there is currently a local variable of the same name, this command does *not* make Logo use the global value instead of the local one.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PROPERTY LISTS, Next: WORKSPACE PREDICATES, Prev: VARIABLE DEFINITION, Up: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT 7.3 Property Lists ================== Note: Names of property lists are always case-insensitive. Names of individual properties are case-sensitive or case-insensitive depending on the value of 'CASEIGNOREDP', which is 'TRUE' by default. *Note CASEIGNOREDP:: . In principle, every possible name is the name of a property list, which is initially empty. So Logo never gives a "no such property list" error, as it would for undefined procedure or variable names. But the primitive procedures that deal with "all" property lists ('CONTENTS', 'PLISTS', etc.) list only nonempty ones. To "erase" a property list *note ERASE:: means to make it empty, removing all properties from it. * Menu: * PPROP:: * GPROP:: * REMPROP:: * PLIST::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PPROP, Next: GPROP, Prev: PROPERTY LISTS, Up: PROPERTY LISTS pprop ----- PPROP plistname propname value command. Adds a property to the PLISTNAME property list with name PROPNAME and value VALUE.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GPROP, Next: REMPROP, Prev: PPROP, Up: PROPERTY LISTS gprop ----- GPROP plistname propname outputs the value of the PROPNAME property in the PLISTNAME property list, or the empty list if there is no such property.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REMPROP, Next: PLIST, Prev: GPROP, Up: PROPERTY LISTS remprop ------- REMPROP plistname propname command. Removes the property named PROPNAME from the property list named PLISTNAME.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PLIST, Prev: REMPROP, Up: PROPERTY LISTS plist ----- PLIST plistname outputs a list whose odd-numbered members are the names, and whose even-numbered members are the values, of the properties in the property list named PLISTNAME. The output is a copy of the actual property list; changing properties later will not magically change a list output earlier by 'PLIST'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WORKSPACE PREDICATES, Next: WORKSPACE QUERIES, Prev: PROPERTY LISTS, Up: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT 7.4 Workspace Predicates ======================== * Menu: * PROCEDUREP:: * PRIMITIVEP:: * DEFINEDP:: * NAMEP:: * PLISTP::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PROCEDUREP, Next: PRIMITIVEP, Prev: WORKSPACE PREDICATES, Up: WORKSPACE PREDICATES procedurep ---------- PROCEDUREP name PROCEDURE? name outputs 'TRUE' if the input is the name of a procedure.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PRIMITIVEP, Next: DEFINEDP, Prev: PROCEDUREP, Up: WORKSPACE PREDICATES primitivep ---------- PRIMITIVEP name PRIMITIVE? name outputs 'TRUE' if the input is the name of a primitive procedure (one built into Logo). Note that some of the procedures described in this document are library procedures, not primitives.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DEFINEDP, Next: NAMEP, Prev: PRIMITIVEP, Up: WORKSPACE PREDICATES definedp -------- DEFINEDP name DEFINED? name outputs 'TRUE' if the input is the name of a user-defined procedure, including a library procedure.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NAMEP, Next: PLISTP, Prev: DEFINEDP, Up: WORKSPACE PREDICATES namep ----- NAMEP name NAME? name outputs 'TRUE' if the input is the name of a variable.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PLISTP, Prev: NAMEP, Up: WORKSPACE PREDICATES plistp ------ PLISTP name PLIST? name outputs 'TRUE' if the input is the name of a _nonempty_ property list. (In principle every word is the name of a property list; if you haven't put any properties in it, 'PLIST' of that name outputs an empty list, rather than giving an error message.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WORKSPACE QUERIES, Next: WORKSPACE INSPECTION, Prev: WORKSPACE PREDICATES, Up: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT 7.5 Workspace Queries ===================== * Menu: * CONTENTS:: * BURIED:: * TRACED:: * STEPPED:: * PROCEDURES:: * PRIMITIVES:: * NAMES:: * PLISTS:: * NAMELIST:: * PLLIST:: * ARITY:: * NODES:: Note: All procedures whose input is indicated as CONTENTSLIST will accept a single word (taken as a procedure name), a list of words (taken as names of procedures), or a list of three lists as described under the 'CONTENTS' command above.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CONTENTS, Next: BURIED, Prev: WORKSPACE QUERIES, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES contents -------- CONTENTS outputs a "contents list," i.e., a list of three lists containing names of defined procedures, variables, and property lists respectively. This list includes all unburied named items in the workspace.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BURIED, Next: TRACED, Prev: CONTENTS, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES buried ------ BURIED outputs a contents list including all buried named items in the workspace.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TRACED, Next: STEPPED, Prev: BURIED, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES traced ------ TRACED outputs a contents list including all traced named items in the workspace.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: STEPPED, Next: PROCEDURES, Prev: TRACED, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES stepped ------- STEPPED outputs a contents list including all stepped named items in the workspace.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PROCEDURES, Next: PRIMITIVES, Prev: STEPPED, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES procedures ---------- PROCEDURES outputs a list of the names of all unburied user-defined procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PRIMITIVES, Next: NAMES, Prev: PROCEDURES, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES primitives ---------- PRIMITIVES outputs a list of the names of all primitive procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NAMES, Next: PLISTS, Prev: PRIMITIVES, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES names ----- NAMES outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list (indicating no procedure names) followed by a list of all unburied variable names in the workspace.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PLISTS, Next: NAMELIST, Prev: NAMES, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES plists ------ PLISTS outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists (indicating no procedures or variables) followed by a list of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NAMELIST, Next: PLLIST, Prev: PLISTS, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES namelist -------- NAMELIST varname (library procedure) NAMELIST varnamelist outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PLLIST, Next: ARITY, Prev: NAMELIST, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES pllist ------ PLLIST plname (library procedure) PLLIST plnamelist outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input. *Note CONTENTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ARITY, Next: NODES, Prev: PLLIST, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES arity ----- ARITY procedurename outputs a list of three numbers: the minimum, default, and maximum number of inputs for the procedure whose name is the input. It is an error if there is no such procedure. A maximum of -1 means that the number of inputs is unlimited.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: NODES, Prev: ARITY, Up: WORKSPACE QUERIES nodes ----- NODES outputs a list of two numbers. The first represents the number of nodes of memory currently in use. The second shows the maximum number of nodes that have been in use at any time since the last invocation of 'NODES'. (A node is a small block of computer memory as used by Logo. Each number uses one node. Each non-numeric word uses one node, plus some non-node memory for the characters in the word. Each array takes one node, plus some non-node memory, as well as the memory required by its elements. Each list requires one node per element, as well as the memory within the elements.) If you want to track the memory use of an algorithm, it is best if you invoke 'GC' at the beginning of each iteration, since otherwise the maximum will include storage that is unused but not yet collected.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WORKSPACE INSPECTION, Next: WORKSPACE CONTROL, Prev: WORKSPACE QUERIES, Up: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT 7.6 Workspace Inspection ======================== * Menu: * PO:: * POALL:: * POPS:: * PONS:: * POPLS:: * PON:: * POPL:: * POT:: * POTS::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PO, Next: POALL, Prev: WORKSPACE INSPECTION, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION po -- PRINTOUT contentslist PO contentslist command. Prints to the write stream the definitions of all procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input contents list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POALL, Next: POPS, Prev: PO, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION poall ----- POALL (library procedure) command. Prints all unburied definitions in the workspace. Abbreviates PO CONTENTS. *Note CONTENTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POPS, Next: PONS, Prev: POALL, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION pops ---- POPS (library procedure) command. Prints the definitions of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates PO PROCEDURES. *Note PO:: , *note PROCEDURES:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PONS, Next: POPLS, Prev: POPS, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION pons ---- PONS (library procedure) command. Prints the definitions of all unburied variables in the workspace. Abbreviates PO NAMES. *Note PO:: , *note NAMES:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POPLS, Next: PON, Prev: PONS, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION popls ----- POPLS (library procedure) command. Prints the contents of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace. Abbreviates PO PLISTS. *Note PO:: , *note PLISTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PON, Next: POPL, Prev: POPLS, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION pon --- PON varname (library procedure) PON varnamelist command. Prints the definitions of the named variable(s). Abbreviates PO NAMELIST varname(list). *Note PO:: , *note NAMELIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POPL, Next: POT, Prev: PON, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION popl ---- POPL plname (library procedure) POPL plnamelist command. Prints the definitions of the named property list(s). Abbreviates PO PLLIST plname(list). *Note PO:: , *note PLLIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POT, Next: POTS, Prev: POPL, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION pot --- POT contentslist command. Prints the title lines of the named procedures and the definitions of the named variables and property lists. For property lists, the entire list is shown on one line instead of as a series of 'PPROP' instructions as in 'PO'. *Note PPROP:: , *note PO:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: POTS, Prev: POT, Up: WORKSPACE INSPECTION pots ---- POTS (library procedure) command. Prints the title lines of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates POT PROCEDURES. *Note PROCEDURES:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WORKSPACE CONTROL, Prev: WORKSPACE INSPECTION, Up: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT 7.7 Workspace Control ===================== * Menu: * ERASE:: * ERALL:: * ERPS:: * ERNS:: * ERPLS:: * ERN:: * ERPL:: * BURY:: * BURYALL:: * BURYNAME:: * UNBURY:: * UNBURYALL:: * UNBURYNAME:: * BURIEDP:: * TRACE:: * UNTRACE:: * TRACEDP:: * STEP:: * UNSTEP:: * STEPPEDP:: * EDIT:: * EDITFILE:: * EDALL:: * EDPS:: * EDNS:: * EDPLS:: * EDN:: * EDPL:: * SAVE:: * SAVEL:: * LOAD:: * CSLSLOAD:: * HELP:: * SETEDITOR:: * SETLIBLOC:: * SETHELPLOC:: * SETCSLSLOC:: * SETTEMPLOC:: * GC:: * .SETSEGMENTSIZE::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERASE, Next: ERALL, Prev: WORKSPACE CONTROL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL erase ----- ERASE contentslist ER contentslist command. Erases from the workspace the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. Primitive procedures may not be erased unless the variable 'REDEFP' has the value 'TRUE'. *Note REDEFP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERALL, Next: ERPS, Prev: ERASE, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL erall ----- ERALL command. Erases all unburied procedures, variables, and property lists from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE CONTENTS. *Note CONTENTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERPS, Next: ERNS, Prev: ERALL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL erps ---- ERPS command. Erases all unburied procedures from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE PROCEDURES. *Note ERASE:: , *note PROCEDURES:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERNS, Next: ERPLS, Prev: ERPS, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL erns ---- ERNS command. Erases all unburied variables from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE NAMES. *Note ERASE:: , *note NAMES:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERPLS, Next: ERN, Prev: ERNS, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL erpls ----- ERPLS command. Erases all unburied property lists from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE PLISTS. *Note ERASE:: , *note PLISTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERN, Next: ERPL, Prev: ERPLS, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL ern --- ERN varname (library procedure) ERN varnamelist command. Erases from the workspace the variable(s) named in the input. Abbreviates ERASE NAMELIST VARNAME(LIST). *Note ERASE:: , *note NAMELIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERPL, Next: BURY, Prev: ERN, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL erpl ---- ERPL plname (library procedure) ERPL plnamelist command. Erases from the workspace the property list(s) named in the input. Abbreviates ERASE PLLIST PLNAME(LIST). *Note ERASE:: , *note PLLIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BURY, Next: BURYALL, Prev: ERPL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL bury ---- BURY contentslist command. Buries the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. A buried item is not included in the lists output by 'CONTENTS', 'PROCEDURES', 'VARIABLES', and 'PLISTS', but is included in the list output by 'BURIED'. By implication, buried things are not printed by 'POALL' or saved by 'SAVE'. *Note CONTENTS:: , *note PROCEDURES:: , *note PONS:: , *note PLISTS:: , *note POALL:: , *note SAVE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BURYALL, Next: BURYNAME, Prev: BURY, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL buryall ------- BURYALL (library procedure) command. Abbreviates BURY CONTENTS. *Note CONTENTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BURYNAME, Next: UNBURY, Prev: BURYALL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL buryname -------- BURYNAME varname (library procedure) BURYNAME varnamelist command. Abbreviates BURY NAMELIST 'varname(list)'. *Note BURY:: , *note NAMELIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UNBURY, Next: UNBURYALL, Prev: BURYNAME, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL unbury ------ UNBURY contentslist command. Unburies the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. That is, the named items will be returned to view in 'CONTENTS', etc. *Note CONTENTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UNBURYALL, Next: UNBURYNAME, Prev: UNBURY, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL unburyall --------- UNBURYALL (library procedure) command. Abbreviates UNBURY BURIED. *Note BURIED:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UNBURYNAME, Next: BURIEDP, Prev: UNBURYALL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL unburyname ---------- UNBURYNAME varname (library procedure) UNBURYNAME varnamelist command. Abbreviates UNBURY NAMELIST VARNAME(LIST). *Note UNBURY:: , *note NAMELIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BURIEDP, Next: TRACE, Prev: UNBURYNAME, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL buriedp ------- BURIEDP contentslist BURIED? contentslist outputs 'TRUE' if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is buried, 'FALSE' if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can 'BURIEDP [[] [VARIABLE]]' or 'BURIEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]]'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TRACE, Next: UNTRACE, Prev: BURIEDP, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL trace ----- TRACE contentslist command. Marks the named items for tracing. A message is printed whenever a traced procedure is invoked, giving the actual input values, and whenever a traced procedure 'STOP's or 'OUTPUT's. A message is printed whenever a new value is assigned to a traced variable using 'MAKE'. A message is printed whenever a new property is given to a traced property list using 'PPROP'. *Note STOP:: , *note OUTPUT:: , *note MAKE:: , *note PPROP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UNTRACE, Next: TRACEDP, Prev: TRACE, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL untrace ------- UNTRACE contentslist command. Turns off tracing for the named items.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TRACEDP, Next: STEP, Prev: UNTRACE, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL tracedp ------- TRACEDP contentslist TRACED? contentslist outputs 'TRUE' if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is traced, 'FALSE' if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can 'TRACEDP [[] [VARIABLE]]' or 'TRACEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]]'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: STEP, Next: UNSTEP, Prev: TRACEDP, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL step ---- STEP contentslist command. Marks the named items for stepping. Whenever a stepped procedure is invoked, each instruction line in the procedure body is printed before being executed, and Logo waits for the user to type a newline at the terminal. A message is printed whenever a stepped variable name is "shadowed" because a local variable of the same name is created either as a procedure input or by the 'LOCAL' command. *Note LOCAL:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UNSTEP, Next: STEPPEDP, Prev: STEP, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL unstep ------ UNSTEP contentslist command. Turns off stepping for the named items.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: STEPPEDP, Next: EDIT, Prev: UNSTEP, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL steppedp -------- STEPPEDP contentslist STEPPED? contentslist outputs 'TRUE' if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is stepped, 'FALSE' if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can 'STEPPEDP [[] [VARIABLE]]' or 'STEPPEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]]'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDIT, Next: EDITFILE, Prev: STEPPEDP, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL edit ---- EDIT contentslist ED contentslist (EDIT) (ED) command. If invoked with an input, 'EDIT' writes the definitions of the named items into a temporary file and edits that file, using an editor that depends on the platform you're using. In wxWidgets, and in the MacOS Classic version, there is an editor built into Logo. In the non-wxWidgets versions for Unix, MacOS X, Windows, and DOS, Logo uses your favorite editor as determined by the 'EDITOR' environment variable. If you don't have an 'EDITOR' variable, edits the definitions using 'jove'. If invoked without an input, 'EDIT' edits the same file left over from a previous 'EDIT' or 'EDITFILE' instruction. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised definitions and modifies the workspace accordingly. It is not an error if the input includes names for which there is no previous definition. If there is a variable 'LOADNOISILY' whose value is 'TRUE', then, after leaving the editor, 'TO' commands in the temporary file print 'PROCNAME defined' (where PROCNAME is the name of the procedure being defined); if 'LOADNOISILY' is 'FALSE' or undefined, 'TO' commands in the file are carried out silently. If there is an environment variable called 'TEMP', then Logo uses its value as the directory in which to write the temporary file used for editing. Exceptionally, the 'EDIT' command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. *Note LOADNOISILY:: , *Note EDITFILE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDITFILE, Next: EDALL, Prev: EDIT, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL editfile -------- EDITFILE filename command. Starts the Logo editor, like 'EDIT', but instead of editing a temporary file it edits the file specified by the input. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised file, as for 'EDIT'. 'EDITFILE' also remembers the filename, so that a subsequent 'EDIT' command with no input will re-edit the same file. 'EDITFILE' is intended as an alternative to 'LOAD' and 'SAVE'. You can maintain a workspace file yourself, controlling the order in which definitions appear, maintaining comments in the file, and so on. In the wxWidgets version, 'EDITFILE' asks whether or not you want to load the file into Logo when you finish editing. This allows you to use 'EDITFILE' to edit data files without leaving Logo.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDALL, Next: EDPS, Prev: EDITFILE, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL edall ----- EDALL (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT CONTENTS. *Note CONTENTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDPS, Next: EDNS, Prev: EDALL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL edps ---- EDPS (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT PROCEDURES. *Note EDIT:: , *note PROCEDURES:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDNS, Next: EDPLS, Prev: EDPS, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL edns ---- EDNS (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT NAMES. *Note EDIT:: , *note NAMES:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDPLS, Next: EDN, Prev: EDNS, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL edpls ----- EDPLS (library procedure) command. Abbreviates EDIT PLISTS. *Note EDIT:: , *note PLISTS:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDN, Next: EDPL, Prev: EDPLS, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL edn --- EDN varname (library procedure) EDN varnamelist command. Abbreviates EDIT NAMELIST VARNAME(LIST). *Note EDIT:: , *note NAMELIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: EDPL, Next: SAVE, Prev: EDN, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL edpl ---- EDPL plname (library procedure) EDPL plnamelist command. Abbreviates EDIT PLLIST PLNAME(LIST). *Note EDIT:: , *note PLLIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SAVE, Next: SAVEL, Prev: EDPL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL save ---- SAVE filename command. Saves the definitions of all unburied procedures, variables, and nonempty property lists in the named file. Equivalent to to save :filename local "oldwriter make "oldwriter writer openwrite :filename setwrite :filename poall setwrite :oldwriter close :filename end Exceptionally, 'SAVE' can be used with no input and without parentheses if it is the last thing on the command line. In this case, the filename from the most recent 'LOAD' or 'SAVE' command will be used. (It is an error if there has been no previous 'LOAD' or 'SAVE'.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SAVEL, Next: LOAD, Prev: SAVE, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL savel ----- SAVEL contentslist filename (library procedure) command. Saves the definitions of the procedures, variables, and property lists specified by CONTENTSLIST to the file named FILENAME.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOAD, Next: CSLSLOAD, Prev: SAVEL, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL load ---- LOAD filename command. Reads instructions from the named file and executes them. The file can include procedure definitions with 'TO', and these are accepted even if a procedure by the same name already exists. If the file assigns a list value to a variable named 'STARTUP', then that list is run as an instructionlist after the file is loaded. If there is a variable 'LOADNOISILY' whose value is 'TRUE', then 'TO' commands in the file print 'PROCNAME defined' (where PROCNAME is the name of the procedure being defined); if 'LOADNOISILY' is 'FALSE' or undefined, 'TO' commands in the file are carried out silently. *Note STARTUP:: , *Note LOADNOISILY:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CSLSLOAD, Next: HELP, Prev: LOAD, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL cslsload -------- CSLSLOAD name command. Loads the named file, like 'LOAD', but from the directory containing the Computer Science Logo Style programs instead of the current user's directory. *Note LOAD:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: HELP, Next: SETEDITOR, Prev: CSLSLOAD, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL help ---- HELP name (HELP) command. Prints information from the reference manual about the primitive procedure named by the input. With no input, lists all the primitives about which help is available. If there is an environment variable 'LOGOHELP', then its value is taken as the directory in which to look for help files, instead of the default help directory. If 'HELP' is called with the name of a defined procedure for which there is no help file, it will print the title line of the procedure followed by lines from the procedure body that start with semicolon, stopping when a non-semicolon line is seen. Exceptionally, the 'HELP' command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETEDITOR, Next: SETLIBLOC, Prev: HELP, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL seteditor --------- SETEDITOR path command. Tells Logo to use the specified program as its editor instead of the default editor. The format of a path depends on your operating system.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETLIBLOC, Next: SETCSLSLOC, Prev: SETEDITOR, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL setlibloc --------- SETLIBLOC path command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory as its library instead of the default. (Note that many Logo "primitive" procedures are actually found in the library, so they may become unavailable if your new library does not include them!) The format of a path depends on your operating system.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETCSLSLOC, Next: SETHELPLOC, Prev: SETLIBLOC, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL setcslsloc ---------- SETCSLSLOC path command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory for the 'CSLSLOAD' command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system. *Note CSLSLOAD:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETHELPLOC, Next: SETTEMPLOC, Prev: SETCSLSLOC, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL sethelploc ---------- SETHELPLOC path command. Tells Logo to look in the specified directory for the information provided by the HELP command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SETTEMPLOC, Next: GC, Prev: SETHELPLOC, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL settemploc ---------- SETTEMPLOC path command. Tells Logo to write editor temporary files in the specified directory rather than in the default directory. You must have write permission for this directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GC, Next: .SETSEGMENTSIZE, Prev: SETTEMPLOC, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL gc -- GC (GC anything) command. Runs the garbage collector, reclaiming unused nodes. Logo does this when necessary anyway, but you may want to use this command to control exactly when Logo does it. In particular, the numbers output by the 'NODES' operation will not be very meaningful unless garbage has been collected. Another reason to use 'GC' is that a garbage collection takes a noticeable fraction of a second, and you may want to schedule collections for times before or after some time-critical animation. If invoked with an argument (of any value), 'GC' runs a full garbage collection, including GCTWA (Garbage Collect Truly Worthless Atoms, which means that it removes from Logo's memory words that used to be procedure or variable names but aren't any more); without an argument, 'GC' does a generational garbage collection, which means that only recently created nodes are examined. (The latter is usually good enough.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: .SETSEGMENTSIZE, Prev: GC, Up: WORKSPACE CONTROL .setsegmentsize --------------- .SETSEGMENTSIZE num command. Sets the number of nodes that Logo allocates from the operating system at once to NUM, which must be a positive integer. The name is dotted because bad things will happen if you use a number that's too small or too large for your computer. The initial value is 16,000 for most systems, but is smaller for 68000-based Macs. Making it larger will speed up computations (by reducing the number of garbage collections) at the cost of allocating more memory than necessary.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CONTROL STRUCTURES, Next: MACROS, Prev: WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, Up: Top 8 Control Structures ******************** * Menu: * CONTROL:: * TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CONTROL, Next: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION, Prev: CONTROL STRUCTURES, Up: CONTROL STRUCTURES 8.1 Control =========== Note: in the following descriptions, an "instructionlist" can be a list or a word. In the latter case, the word is parsed into list form before it is run. Thus, RUN READWORD or RUN READLIST will work. The former is slightly preferable because it allows for a continued line (with '~') that includes a comment (with ';') on the first line. A TF input must be the word 'TRUE', the word 'FALSE', or a list. If it's a list, then it must be a Logo expression, which will be evaluated to produce a value that must be 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. The comparisons with 'TRUE' and 'FALSE' are always case-insensitive. A runlist can consist of either a single expression (that produces a value) or zero or more instructions (that do something, rather than output a value), depending on the context: PRINT IFELSE :X<0 ["NEGATIVE] ["POSITIVE] ; one value in each case REPEAT 4 [PRINT "A PRINT "B] ; two instructions * Menu: * RUN:: * RUNRESULT:: * REPEAT:: * FOREVER:: * REPCOUNT:: * IF:: * IFELSE:: * TEST:: * IFTRUE:: * IFFALSE:: * STOP:: * OUTPUT:: * CATCH:: * THROW:: * ERROR:: * PAUSE:: * CONTINUE:: * WAIT:: * BYE:: * dMAYBEOUTPUT:: MAYBEOUTPUT * GOTO:: * TAG:: * IGNORE:: * back-quote:: * FOR:: * DOdWHILE:: DO.WHILE * WHILE:: * DOdUNTIL:: DO.UNTIL * UNTIL:: * CASE:: * COND::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RUN, Next: RUNRESULT, Prev: CONTROL, Up: CONTROL run --- RUN instructionlist command or operation. Runs the Logo instructions in the input list; outputs if the list contains an expression that outputs. *Note READWORD:: , *note READLIST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: RUNRESULT, Next: REPEAT, Prev: RUN, Up: CONTROL runresult --------- RUNRESULT instructionlist runs the instructions in the input; outputs an empty list if those instructions produce no output, or a list whose only member is the output from running the input instructionlist. Useful for inventing command-or-operation control structures: local "result make "result runresult [something] if emptyp :result [stop] output first :result  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REPEAT, Next: FOREVER, Prev: RUNRESULT, Up: CONTROL repeat ------ REPEAT num instructionlist command. Runs the INSTRUCTIONLIST repeatedly, NUM times.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FOREVER, Next: REPCOUNT, Prev: REPEAT, Up: CONTROL forever ------- FOREVER instructionlist command. Runs the "instructionlist" repeatedly, until something inside the instructionlist (such as 'STOP' or 'THROW') makes it stop. *Note STOP:: , *Note THROW:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REPCOUNT, Next: IF, Prev: FOREVER, Up: CONTROL repcount -------- REPCOUNT outputs the repetition count of the innermost current 'REPEAT' or 'FOREVER', starting from 1. If no 'REPEAT' or 'FOREVER' is active, outputs -1. The abbreviation '#' can be used for 'REPCOUNT' unless the 'REPEAT' is inside the template input to a higher order procedure such as 'FOREACH', in which case '#' has a different meaning.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: IF, Next: IFELSE, Prev: REPCOUNT, Up: CONTROL if -- IF tf instructionlist (IF tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2) command. If the first input has the value 'TRUE', then 'IF' runs the second input. If the first input has the value 'FALSE', then 'IF' does nothing. (If given a third input, IF acts like 'IFELSE', as described below.) It is an error if the first input is not either 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. For compatibility with earlier versions of Logo, if an 'IF' instruction is not enclosed in parentheses, but the first thing on the instruction line after the second input expression is a literal list (i.e., a list in square brackets), the 'IF' is treated as if it were 'IFELSE', but a warning message is given. If this aberrant 'IF' appears in a procedure body, the warning is given only the first time the procedure is invoked in each Logo session.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: IFELSE, Next: TEST, Prev: IF, Up: CONTROL ifelse ------ IFELSE tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2 command or operation. If the first input has the value 'TRUE', then 'IFELSE' runs the second input. If the first input has the value 'FALSE', then 'IFELSE' runs the third input. 'IFELSE' outputs a value if the INSTRUCTIONLIST contains an expression that outputs a value.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TEST, Next: IFTRUE, Prev: IFELSE, Up: CONTROL test ---- TEST tf command. Remembers its input, which must be 'TRUE' or 'FALSE', for use by later 'IFTRUE' or 'IFFALSE' instructions. The effect of 'TEST' is local to the procedure in which it is used; any corresponding 'IFTRUE' or 'IFFALSE' must be in the same procedure or a subprocedure. *Note IFFALSE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: IFTRUE, Next: IFFALSE, Prev: TEST, Up: CONTROL iftrue ------ IFTRUE instructionlist IFT instructionlist command. Runs its input if the most recent 'TEST' instruction had a 'TRUE' input. The 'TEST' must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: IFFALSE, Next: STOP, Prev: IFTRUE, Up: CONTROL iffalse ------- IFFALSE instructionlist IFF instructionlist command. Runs its input if the most recent 'TEST' instruction had a 'FALSE' input. The 'TEST' must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure. *Note TEST:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: STOP, Next: OUTPUT, Prev: IFFALSE, Up: CONTROL stop ---- STOP command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. Control is returned to the context in which that procedure was invoked. The stopped procedure does not output a value.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: OUTPUT, Next: CATCH, Prev: STOP, Up: CONTROL output ------ OUTPUT value OP value command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. That procedure outputs the value VALUE to the context in which it was invoked. Don't be confused: 'OUTPUT' itself is a command, but the procedure that invokes 'OUTPUT' is an operation.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CATCH, Next: THROW, Prev: OUTPUT, Up: CONTROL catch ----- CATCH tag instructionlist command or operation. Runs its second input. Outputs if that INSTRUCTIONLIST outputs. If, while running the instructionlist, a 'THROW' instruction is executed with a tag equal to the first input (case-insensitive comparison), then the running of the INSTRUCTIONLIST is terminated immediately. In this case the 'CATCH' outputs if a value input is given to 'THROW'. The TAG must be a word. If the tag is the word 'ERROR', then any error condition that arises during the running of the instructionlist has the effect of THROW "ERROR instead of printing an error message and returning to toplevel. The 'CATCH' does not output if an error is caught. Also, during the running of the instructionlist, the variable 'ERRACT' is temporarily unbound. (If there is an error while 'ERRACT' has a value, that value is taken as an instructionlist to be run after printing the error message. Typically the value of 'ERRACT', if any, is the list '[PAUSE]'.) *Note ERROR:: , *note ERRACT:: , *note PAUSE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: THROW, Next: ERROR, Prev: CATCH, Up: CONTROL throw ----- THROW tag (THROW tag value) command. Must be used within the scope of a 'CATCH' with an equal tag. Ends the running of the instructionlist of the 'CATCH'. If 'THROW' is used with only one input, the corresponding 'CATCH' does not output a value. If 'THROW' is used with two inputs, the second provides an output for the 'CATCH'. THROW "TOPLEVEL can be used to terminate all running procedures and interactive pauses, and return to the toplevel instruction prompt. Typing the system interrupt character ( for wxWidgets; otherwise normally for Unix, for DOS, or for Mac) has the same effect. THROW "ERROR can be used to generate an error condition. If the error is not caught, it prints a message ('THROW "ERROR') with the usual indication of where the error (in this case the 'THROW') occurred. If a second input is used along with a tag of 'ERROR', that second input is used as the text of the error message instead of the standard message. Also, in this case, the location indicated for the error will be, not the location of the 'THROW', but the location where the procedure containing the 'THROW' was invoked. This allows user-defined procedures to generate error messages as if they were primitives. Note: in this case the corresponding CATCH "ERROR, if any, does not output, since the second input to 'THROW' is not considered a return value. THROW "SYSTEM immediately leaves Logo, returning to the operating system, without printing the usual parting message and without deleting any editor temporary file written by EDIT. *Note EDIT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERROR, Next: PAUSE, Prev: THROW, Up: CONTROL error ----- ERROR outputs a list describing the error just caught, if any. If there was not an error caught since the last use of 'ERROR', the empty list will be output. The error list contains four members: an integer code corresponding to the type of error, the text of the error message (as a single word including spaces), the name of the procedure in which the error occurred, and the instruction line on which the error occurred.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PAUSE, Next: CONTINUE, Prev: ERROR, Up: CONTROL pause ----- PAUSE command or operation. Enters an interactive pause. The user is prompted for instructions, as at toplevel, but with a prompt that includes the name of the procedure in which 'PAUSE' was invoked. Local variables of that procedure are available during the pause. 'PAUSE' outputs if the pause is ended by a 'CONTINUE' with an input. If the variable 'ERRACT' exists, and an error condition occurs, the contents of that variable are run as an instructionlist. Typically 'ERRACT' is given the value '[PAUSE]' so that an interactive pause will be entered in the event of an error. This allows the user to check values of local variables at the time of the error. Typing the system quit character ( for wxWidgets; otherwise normally for Unix, for DOS, or for Mac) will also enter a pause. *Note ERRACT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CONTINUE, Next: WAIT, Prev: PAUSE, Up: CONTROL continue -------- CONTINUE value CO value (CONTINUE) (CO) command. Ends the current interactive pause, returning to the context of the 'PAUSE' invocation that began it. If 'CONTINUE' is given an input, that value is used as the output from the 'PAUSE'. If not, the 'PAUSE' does not output. Exceptionally, the 'CONTINUE' command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WAIT, Next: BYE, Prev: CONTINUE, Up: CONTROL wait ---- WAIT time command. Delays further execution for TIME 60ths of a second. Also causes any buffered characters destined for the terminal to be printed immediately. WAIT 0 can be used to achieve this buffer flushing without actually waiting.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BYE, Next: dMAYBEOUTPUT, Prev: WAIT, Up: CONTROL bye --- BYE command. Exits from Logo; returns to the operating system.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: dMAYBEOUTPUT, Next: GOTO, Prev: BYE, Up: CONTROL .maybeoutput ------------ .MAYBEOUTPUT value (special form) works like 'OUTPUT' except that the expression that provides the input value might not, in fact, output a value, in which case the effect is like 'STOP'. This is intended for use in control structure definitions, for cases in which you don't know whether or not some expression produces a value. Example: to invoke :function [:inputs] 2 .maybeoutput apply :function :inputs end ? (invoke "print "a "b "c) a b c ? print (invoke "word "a "b "c) abc This is an alternative to 'RUNRESULT'. It's fast and easy to use, at the cost of being an exception to Logo's evaluation rules. (Ordinarily, it should be an error if the expression that's supposed to provide an input to something doesn't have a value.) *Note OUTPUT:: , *note STOP:: , *note RUNRESULT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: GOTO, Next: TAG, Prev: dMAYBEOUTPUT, Up: CONTROL goto ---- GOTO word command. Looks for a 'TAG' command with the same input in the same procedure, and continues running the procedure from the location of that 'TAG'. It is meaningless to use 'GOTO' outside of a procedure.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TAG, Next: IGNORE, Prev: GOTO, Up: CONTROL tag --- TAG quoted.word command. Does nothing. The input must be a literal word following a quotation mark ('"'), not the result of a computation. Tags are used by the 'GOTO' command.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: IGNORE, Next: back-quote, Prev: TAG, Up: CONTROL ignore ------ IGNORE value (library procedure) command. Does nothing. Used when an expression is evaluated for a side effect and its actual value is unimportant.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: back-quote, Next: FOR, Prev: IGNORE, Up: CONTROL ' - ` list (library procedure) outputs a list equal to its input but with certain substitutions. If a member of the input list is the word ',' (comma) then the following member should be an instructionlist that produces an output when run. That output value replaces the comma and the instructionlist. If a member of the input list is the word ',@' (comma atsign) then the following member should be an instructionlist that outputs a list when run. The members of that list replace the ',@' and the instructionlist. Example: show `[foo baz ,[bf [a b c]] garply ,@[bf [a b c]]] will print [foo baz [b c] garply b c] A word starting with ',' or ',@' is treated as if the rest of the word were a one-word list, e.g., ',:foo' is equivalent to ',[:Foo]'. A word starting with '",' (quote comma) or ':,' (colon comma) becomes a word starting with '"' or ':' but with the result of running the substitution (or its first word, if the result is a list) replacing what comes after the comma. Backquotes can be nested. Substitution is done only for commas at the same depth as the backquote in which they are found: ? show `[a `[b ,[1+2] ,[foo ,[1+3] d] e] f] [a ` [b , [1+2] , [foo 4 d] e] f] ?make "name1 "x ?make "name2 "y ? show `[a `[b ,:,:name1 ,",:name2 d] e] [a ` [b , [:x] , ["y] d] e]  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FOR, Next: DOdWHILE, Prev: back-quote, Up: CONTROL for --- FOR forcontrol instructionlist (library procedure) command. The first input must be a list containing three or four members: (1) a word, which will be used as the name of a local variable; (2) a word or list that will be evaluated as by 'RUN' to determine a number, the starting value of the variable; (3) a word or list that will be evaluated to determine a number, the limit value of the variable; (4) an optional word or list that will be evaluated to determine the step size. If the fourth member is missing, the step size will be 1 or -1 depending on whether the limit value is greater than or less than the starting value, respectively. The second input is an instructionlist. The effect of 'FOR' is to run that instructionlist repeatedly, assigning a new value to the control variable (the one named by the first member of the FORCONTROL list) each time. First the starting value is assigned to the control variable. Then the value is compared to the limit value. 'FOR' is complete when the sign of '(current - limit)' is the same as the sign of the step size. (If no explicit step size is provided, the instructionlist is always run at least once. An explicit step size can lead to a zero-trip 'FOR', e.g., FOR [I 1 0 1] ...). Otherwise, the instructionlist is run, then the step is added to the current value of the control variable and FOR returns to the comparison step. ? for [i 2 7 1.5] [print :i] 2 3.5 5 6.5 ? *Note RUN:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DOdWHILE, Next: WHILE, Prev: FOR, Up: CONTROL do.while -------- DO.WHILE instructionlist tfexpression (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the INSTRUCTIONLIST as long as the evaluated TFEXPRESSION remains 'TRUE'. Evaluates the first input first, so the INSTRUCTIONLIST is always run at least once. The TFEXPRESSION must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: WHILE, Next: DOdUNTIL, Prev: DOdWHILE, Up: CONTROL while ----- WHILE tfexpression instructionlist (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the INSTRUCTIONLIST as long as the evaluated TFEXPRESSION remains 'TRUE'. Evaluates the first input first, so the INSTRUCTIONLIST may never be run at all. The TFEXPRESSION must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: DOdUNTIL, Next: UNTIL, Prev: WHILE, Up: CONTROL do.until -------- DO.UNTIL instructionlist tfexpression (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the INSTRUCTIONLIST as long as the evaluated TFEXPRESSION remains 'FALSE'. Evaluates the first input first, so the INSTRUCTIONLIST is always run at least once. The TFEXPRESSION must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UNTIL, Next: CASE, Prev: DOdUNTIL, Up: CONTROL until ----- UNTIL tfexpression instructionlist (library procedure) command. Repeatedly evaluates the INSTRUCTIONLIST as long as the evaluated TFEXPRESSION remains 'FALSE'. Evaluates the first input first, so the INSTRUCTIONLIST may never be run at all. The TFEXPRESSION must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CASE, Next: COND, Prev: UNTIL, Up: CONTROL case ---- CASE value clauses (library procedure) command or operation. The second input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either a list of values or the word 'ELSE' and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. 'CASE' examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word 'ELSE' (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and 'CASE' outputs its value, if any. If the first input to CASE is a member of the first element of a clause, then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and 'CASE' outputs its value, if any. If neither of these conditions is met, then 'CASE' goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, 'CASE' does nothing. Example: to vowelp :letter output case :letter [ [[a e i o u] "true] [else "false] ] end  File: ucblogo.info, Node: COND, Prev: CASE, Up: CONTROL cond ---- COND clauses (library procedure) command or operation. The input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either an expression whose value is 'TRUE' or 'FALSE', or the word 'ELSE', and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. 'COND' examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word 'ELSE' (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and 'CASE' outputs its value, if any. Otherwise, the first element of the clause is evaluated; the resulting value must be 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. If it's 'TRUE', then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and 'COND' outputs its value, if any. If the value is 'FALSE', then 'COND' goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, 'COND' does nothing. Example: to evens :numbers ; select even numbers from a list op cond [ [[emptyp :numbers] []] [[evenp first :numbers] ; assuming EVENP is defined fput first :numbers evens butfirst :numbers] [else evens butfirst :numbers] ] end  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION, Prev: CONTROL, Up: CONTROL STRUCTURES 8.2 Template-based Iteration ============================ The procedures in this section are iteration tools based on the idea of a "template." This is a generalization of an instruction list or an expression list in which "slots" are provided for the tool to insert varying data. Four different forms of template can be used. The most commonly used form for a template is 'explicit-slot' form, or 'question mark' form. Example: ? show map [? * ?] [2 3 4 5] [4 9 16 25] ? In this example, the 'MAP' tool evaluated the template '[? * ?]' repeatedly, with each of the members of the data list '[2 3 4 5]' substituted in turn for the question marks. The same value was used for every question mark in a given evaluation. Some tools allow for more than one datum to be substituted in parallel; in these cases the slots are indicated by '?1' for the first datum, '?2' for the second, and so on: ? show (map [(word ?1 ?2 ?1)] [a b c] [d e f]) [ada beb cfc] ? If the template wishes to compute the datum number, the form '(? 1)' is equivalent to '?1', so '(? ?1)' means the datum whose number is given in datum number 1. Some tools allow additional slot designations, as shown in the individual descriptions. The second form of template is the 'named-procedure' form. If the template is a word rather than a list, it is taken as the name of a procedure. That procedure must accept a number of inputs equal to the number of parallel data slots provided by the tool; the procedure is applied to all of the available data in order. That is, if data '?1' through '?3' are available, the template '"PROC' is equivalent to [PROC ?1 ?2 ?3]. ? show (map "word [a b c] [d e f]) [ad be cf] ? to dotprod :a :b ; vector dot product op apply "sum (map "product :a :b) end The third form of template is 'named-slot' or 'lambda' form. This form is indicated by a template list containing more than one member, whose first member is itself a list. The first member is taken as a list of names; local variables are created with those names and given the available data in order as their values. The number of names must equal the number of available data. This form is needed primarily when one iteration tool must be used within the template list of another, and the '?' notation would be ambiguous in the inner template. Example: to matmul :m1 :m2 [:tm2 transpose :m2] ; multiply two matrices output map [[row] map [[col] dotprod :row :col] :tm2] :m1 end The fourth form is 'procedure text' form, a variant of lambda form. In this form, the template list contains at least two members, all of which are lists. This is the form used by the 'DEFINE' and 'TEXT' primitives, and 'APPLY' accepts it so that the text of a defined procedure can be used as a template. Note: The fourth form of template is interpreted differently from the others, in that Logo considers it to be an independent defined procedure for the purposes of 'OUTPUT' and 'STOP'. For example, the following two instructions are identical: ? print apply [[x] :x+3] [5] 8 ? print apply [[x] [output :x+3]] [5] 8 although the first instruction is in named-slot form and the second is in procedure-text form. The named-slot form can be understood as telling Logo to evaluate the expression :x+3 in place of the entire invocation of apply, with the variable 'x' temporarily given the value '5'. The procedure-text form can be understood as invoking the procedure to foo :x output :x+3 end with input '5', but without actually giving the procedure a name. If the use of 'OUTPUT' were interchanged in these two examples, we'd get errors: ? print apply [[x] output :x+3] [5] Can only use output inside a procedure ? print apply [[x] [:x+3]] [5] You don't say what to do with 8 The named-slot form can be used with 'STOP' or 'OUTPUT' inside a procedure, to stop the enclosing procedure. The following iteration tools are extended versions of the ones in Appendix B of the book 'Computer Science Logo Style, Volume 3: Advanced Topics' by Brian Harvey [MIT Press, 1987]. The extensions are primarily to allow for variable numbers of inputs. * Menu: * APPLY:: * INVOKE:: * FOREACH:: * MAP:: * MAPdSE:: MAP.SE * FILTER:: * FIND:: * REDUCE:: * CROSSMAP:: * CASCADE:: * CASCADEd2:: CASCADE.2 * TRANSFER::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: APPLY, Next: INVOKE, Prev: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION apply ----- APPLY template inputlist command or operation. Runs the TEMPLATE, filling its slots with the members of INPUTLIST. The number of members in INPUTLIST must be an acceptable number of slots for TEMPLATE. It is illegal to apply the primitive 'TO' as a template, but anything else is okay. 'APPLY' outputs what TEMPLATE outputs, if anything. *Note TO:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: INVOKE, Next: FOREACH, Prev: APPLY, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION invoke ------ INVOKE template input (library procedure) (INVOKE template input1 input2 ...) command or operation. Exactly like 'APPLY' except that the inputs are provided as separate expressions rather than in a list.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FOREACH, Next: MAP, Prev: INVOKE, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION foreach ------- FOREACH data template (library procedure) (FOREACH data1 data2 ... template) command. Evaluates the TEMPLATE list repeatedly, once for each member of the DATA list. If more than one DATA list are given, each of them must be the same length. (The DATA inputs can be words, in which case the template is evaluated once for each character.) In a template, the symbol '?REST' represents the portion of the DATA input to the right of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the DATA input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '?REST' would be replaced by '[C D E]'. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc. In a template, the symbol '#' represents the position in the DATA input of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '#' would be replaced by '2'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MAP, Next: MAPdSE, Prev: FOREACH, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION map --- MAP template data (library procedure) (MAP template data1 data2 ...) outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the DATA input, of the same length as that DATA input. (If more than one DATA input are given, the output is of the same type as DATA1.) Each member of the output is the result of evaluating the TEMPLATE list, filling the slots with the corresponding member(s) of the DATA input(s). (All DATA inputs must be the same length.) In the case of a word output, the results of the template evaluation must be words, and they are concatenated with 'WORD'. In a template, the symbol '?REST' represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the DATA input is '[A B C D E]' and the TEMPLATE is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '?REST' would be replaced by '[C D E]'. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with '?1', etc. In a template, the symbol '#' represents the position in the DATA input of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '#' would be replaced by '2'. *Note WORD:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MAPdSE, Next: FILTER, Prev: MAP, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION map.se ------ MAP.SE template data (library procedure) (MAP.SE template data1 data2 ...) outputs a list formed by evaluating the TEMPLATE list repeatedly and concatenating the results using 'SENTENCE'. That is, the members of the output are the members of the results of the evaluations. The output list might, therefore, be of a different length from that of the DATA input(s). (If the result of an evaluation is the empty list, it contributes nothing to the final output.) The DATA inputs may be words or lists. In a template, the symbol '?REST' represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '?REST' would be replaced by '[C D E]'. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with '?1', etc. In a template, the symbol '#' represents the position in the DATA input of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '#' would be replaced by '2'. *Note SENTENCE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FILTER, Next: FIND, Prev: MAPdSE, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION filter ------ FILTER tftemplate data (library procedure) outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the DATA input, containing a subset of the members (for a list) or characters (for a word) of the input. The template is evaluated once for each member or character of the data, and it must produce a 'TRUE' or 'FALSE' value. If the value is 'TRUE', then the corresponding input constituent is included in the output. ? print filter "vowelp "elephant eea ? In a template, the symbol '?REST' represents the portion of the DATA input to the right of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '?REST' would be replaced by '[C D E]'. In a template, the symbol '#' represents the position in the DATA input of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '#' would be replaced by '2'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FIND, Next: REDUCE, Prev: FILTER, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION find ---- FIND tftemplate data (library procedure) outputs the first constituent of the DATA input (the first member of a list, or the first character of a word) for which the value produced by evaluating the TEMPLATE with that consituent in its slot is 'TRUE'. If there is no such constituent, the empty list is output. In a template, the symbol '?REST' represents the portion of the DATA input to the right of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '?REST' would be replaced by '[C D E]'. In a template, the symbol '#' represents the position in the DATA input of the member currently being used as the '?' slot-filler. That is, if the data input is '[A B C D E]' and the template is being evaluated with '?' replaced by 'B', then '#' would be replaced by '2'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REDUCE, Next: CROSSMAP, Prev: FIND, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION reduce ------ REDUCE template data (library procedure) outputs the result of applying the TEMPLATE to accumulate the members of the DATA input. The template must be a two-slot function. Typically it is an associative function name like 'SUM'. If the DATA input has only one constituent (member in a list or character in a word), the output is that consituent. Otherwise, the template is first applied with '?1' filled with the next-to-last consitient and '?2' with the last constituent. Then, if there are more constituents, the template is applied with '?1' filled with the next constituent to the left and '?2' with the result from the previous evaluation. This process continues until all constituents have been used. The data input may not be empty. Note: If the template is, like 'SUM', the name of a procedure that is capable of accepting arbitrarily many inputs, it is more efficient to use 'APPLY' instead of 'REDUCE'. The latter is good for associative procedures that have been written to accept exactly two inputs: to max :a :b output ifelse :a > :b [:a] [:b] end print reduce "max [...] Alternatively, 'REDUCE' can be used to write 'MAX' as a procedure that accepts any number of inputs, as 'SUM' does: to max [:inputs] 2 if emptyp :inputs ~ [(throw "error [not enough inputs to max])] output reduce [ifelse ?1 > ?2 [?1] [?2]] :inputs end *Note SUM:: , *note APPLY:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CROSSMAP, Next: CASCADE, Prev: REDUCE, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION crossmap -------- CROSSMAP template listlist (library procedure) (CROSSMAP template data1 data2 ...) outputs a list containing the results of template evaluations. Each DATA list contributes to a slot in the template; the number of slots is equal to the number of DATA list inputs. As a special case, if only one DATA list input is given, that list is taken as a list of data lists, and each of its members contributes values to a slot. 'CROSSMAP' differs from 'MAP' in that instead of taking members from the data inputs in parallel, it takes all possible combinations of members of data inputs, which need not be the same length. ? show (crossmap [word ?1 ?2] [a b c] [1 2 3 4]) [a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 c1 c2 c3 c4] ? For compatibility with the version in the first edition of CSLS (1), 'CROSSMAP' templates may use the notation ':1' instead of '?1' to indicate slots. *Note MAP:: . ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) 'Computer Science Logo Style'  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CASCADE, Next: CASCADEd2, Prev: CROSSMAP, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION cascade ------- CASCADE endtest template startvalue (library procedure) (CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ...) (CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ... finaltemplate) outputs the result of applying a template (or several templates, as explained below) repeatedly, with a given value filling the slot the first time, and the result of each application filling the slot for the following application. In the simplest case, 'CASCADE' has three inputs. The second input is a one-slot expression template. That template is evaluated some number of times (perhaps zero). On the first evaluation, the slot is filled with the third input; on subsequent evaluations, the slot is filled with the result of the previous evaluation. The number of evaluations is determined by the first input. This can be either a nonnegative integer, in which case the template is evaluated that many times, or a predicate expression template, in which case it is evaluated (with the same slot filler that will be used for the evaluation of the second input) repeatedly, and the 'CASCADE' evaluation continues as long as the predicate value is 'FALSE'. (In other words, the predicate template indicates the condition for stopping.) If the template is evaluated zero times, the output from 'CASCADE' is the third (STARTVALUE) input. Otherwise, the output is the value produced by the last template evaluation. 'CASCADE' templates may include the symbol '#' to represent the number of times the template has been evaluated. This slot is filled with 1 for the first evaluation, 2 for the second, and so on. ? show cascade 5 [lput # ?] [] [1 2 3 4 5] ? show cascade [vowelp first ?] [bf ?] "spring ing ? show cascade 5 [# * ?] 1 120 ? Several cascaded results can be computed in parallel by providing additional template-startvalue pairs as inputs to 'CASCADE'. In this case, all templates (including the endtest template, if used) are multi-slot, with the number of slots equal to the number of pairs of inputs. In each round of evaluations, '?2', for example, represents the result of evaluating the second template in the previous round. If the total number of inputs (including the first endtest input) is odd, then the output from CASCADE is the final value of the first template. If the total number of inputs is even, then the last input is a template that is evaluated once, after the end test is satisfied, to determine the output from 'CASCADE'. to fibonacci :n output (cascade :n [?1 + ?2] 1 [?1] 0) end to piglatin :word output (cascade [vowelp first ?] ~ [word bf ? first ?] ~ :word ~ [word ? "ay]) end  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CASCADEd2, Next: TRANSFER, Prev: CASCADE, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION cascade.2 --------- CASCADE.2 endtest temp1 startval1 temp2 startval2 (library procedure) outputs the result of invoking 'CASCADE' with the same inputs. The only difference is that the default number of inputs is five instead of three.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: TRANSFER, Prev: CASCADEd2, Up: TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION transfer -------- TRANSFER endtest template inbasket (library procedure) outputs the result of repeated evaluation of the TEMPLATE. The template is evaluated once for each member of the list INBASKET. 'TRANSFER' maintains an "outbasket" that is initially the empty list. After each evaluation of the template, the resulting value becomes the new outbasket. In the template, the symbol '?IN' represents the current member from the inbasket; the symbol '?OUT' represents the entire current outbasket. Other slot symbols should not be used. If the first (ENDTEST) input is an empty list, evaluation continues until all inbasket members have been used. If not, the first input must be a predicate expression template, and evaluation continues until either that template's value is 'TRUE' or the inbasket is used up.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MACROS, Next: ERROR PROCESSING, Prev: CONTROL STRUCTURES, Up: Top 9 Macros ******** * Menu: * dMACRO:: * dDEFMACRO:: * MACROP:: * MACROEXPAND::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: dMACRO, Next: dDEFMACRO, Prev: MACROS, Up: MACROS .macro ====== .MACRO procname :input1 :input2 ... (special form) .DEFMACRO procname text A macro is a special kind of procedure whose output is evaluated as Logo instructions in the context of the macro's caller. '.MACRO' is exactly like 'TO' except that the new procedure becomes a macro; '.DEFMACRO' is exactly like 'DEFINE' with the same exception. Macros are useful for inventing new control structures comparable to 'REPEAT', 'IF', and so on. Such control structures can almost, but not quite, be duplicated by ordinary Logo procedures. For example, here is an ordinary procedure version of 'REPEAT': to my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [stop] run :instructions my.repeat :num-1 :instructions end This version works fine for most purposes, e.g., my.repeat 5 [print "hello] But it doesn't work if the instructions to be carried out include 'OUTPUT', 'STOP', or 'LOCAL'. For example, consider this procedure: to example print [Guess my secret word. You get three guesses.] repeat 3 [type "|?? | ~ if readword = "secret [pr "Right! stop]] print [Sorry, the word was "secret"!] end This procedure works as written, but if 'MY.REPEAT' is used instead of 'REPEAT', it won't work because the 'STOP' will stop 'MY.REPEAT' instead of stopping 'EXAMPLE' as desired. The solution is to make 'MY.REPEAT' a macro. Instead of actually carrying out the computation, a macro must return a list containing Logo instructions. The contents of that list are evaluated as if they appeared in place of the call to the macro. Here's a macro version of 'REPEAT': .macro my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [output []] output sentence :instructions ~ (list "my.repeat :num-1 :instructions) end Every macro is an operation -- it must always output something. Even in the base case, 'MY.REPEAT' outputs an empty instruction list. To show how 'MY.REPEAT' works, let's take the example my.repeat 5 [print "hello] For this example, 'MY.REPEAT' will output the instruction list [print "hello my.repeat 4 [print "hello]] Logo then executes these instructions in place of the original invocation of 'MY.REPEAT'; this prints 'hello' once and invokes another repetition. The technique just shown, although fairly easy to understand, has the defect of slowness because each repetition has to construct an instruction list for evaluation. Another approach is to make 'MY.REPEAT' a macro that works just like the non-macro version unless the instructions to be repeated include 'OUTPUT' or 'STOP': .macro my.repeat :num :instructions catch "repeat.catchtag ~ [op repeat.done runresult [repeat1 :num :instructions]] op [] end to repeat1 :num :instructions if :num=0 [throw "repeat.catchtag] run :instructions .maybeoutput repeat1 :num-1 :instructions end to repeat.done :repeat.result if emptyp :repeat.result [op [stop]] op list "output quoted first :repeat.result end If the instructions do not include 'STOP' or 'OUTPUT', then 'REPEAT1' will reach its base case and invoke 'THROW'. As a result, 'MY.REPEAT''s last instruction line will output an empty list, so the evaluation of the macro result by the caller will do nothing. But if a 'STOP' or 'OUTPUT' happens, then 'REPEAT.DONE' will output a 'STOP' or 'OUTPUT' instruction that will be executed in the caller's context. The macro-defining commands have names starting with a dot because macros are an advanced feature of Logo; it's easy to get in trouble by defining a macro that doesn't terminate, or by failing to construct the instruction list properly. Lisp users should note that Logo macros are _not_ special forms. That is, the inputs to the macro are evaluated normally, as they would be for any other Logo procedure. It's only the output from the macro that's handled unusually. Here's another example: .macro localmake :name :value output (list "local ~ word "" :name ~ "apply ~ ""make ~ (list :name :value)) end It's used this way: to try localmake "garply "hello print :garply end 'LOCALMAKE' outputs the list [local "garply apply "make [garply hello]] The reason for the use of 'APPLY' is to avoid having to decide whether or not the second input to 'MAKE' requires a quotation mark before it. (In this case it would -- 'MAKE "GARPLY "HELLO' -- but the quotation mark would be wrong if the value were a list.) It's often convenient to use the ` function to construct the instruction list: .macro localmake :name :value op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]] end On the other hand, ` is pretty slow, since it's tree recursive and written in Logo. *Note TO:: , *note DEFINE:: , *note APPLY:: , *note STOP:: , *note OUTPUT:: . * Menu: * dDEFMACRO:: * MACROP:: * MACROEXPAND::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: dDEFMACRO, Next: MACROP, Prev: dMACRO, Up: MACROS .defmacro --------- *Note dMACRO:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MACROP, Next: MACROEXPAND, Prev: dDEFMACRO, Up: MACROS macrop ------ MACROP name MACRO? name outputs 'TRUE' if its input is the name of a macro.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: MACROEXPAND, Prev: MACROP, Up: MACROS macroexpand ----------- MACROEXPAND expr (library procedure) takes as its input a Logo expression that invokes a macro (that is, one that begins with the name of a macro) and outputs the the Logo expression into which the macro would translate the input expression. .macro localmake :name :value op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]] end ? show macroexpand [localmake "pi 3.14159] [local "pi apply "make [pi 3.14159]]  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERROR PROCESSING, Next: SPECIAL VARIABLES, Prev: MACROS, Up: Top 10 Error Processing ******************* * Menu: * ERROR CODES:: If an error occurs, Logo takes the following steps. First, if there is an available variable named 'ERRACT', Logo takes its value as an instructionlist and runs the instructions. The operation 'ERROR' may be used within the instructions (once) to examine the error condition. If the instructionlist invokes 'PAUSE', the error message is printed before the pause happens. Certain errors are "recoverable"; for one of those errors, if the instructionlist outputs a value, that value is used in place of the expression that caused the error. (If 'ERRACT' invokes 'PAUSE' and the user then invokes 'CONTINUE' with an input, that input becomes the output from 'PAUSE' and therefore the output from the 'ERRACT' instructionlist.) It is possible for an 'ERRACT' instructionlist to produce an inappropriate value or no value where one is needed. As a result, the same error condition could recur forever because of this mechanism. To avoid that danger, if the same error condition occurs twice in a row from an 'ERRACT' instructionlist without user interaction, the message 'Erract loop' is printed and control returns to toplevel. "Without user interaction" means that if 'ERRACT' invokes 'PAUSE' and the user provides an incorrect value, this loop prevention mechanism does not take effect and the user gets to try again. During the running of the 'ERRACT' instructionlist, 'ERRACT' is locally unbound, so an error in the 'ERRACT' instructions themselves will not cause a loop. In particular, an error during a pause will not cause a pause-within-a-pause unless the user reassigns the value '[PAUSE]' to 'ERRACT' during the pause. But such an error will not return to toplevel; it will remain within the original pause loop. If there is no available 'ERRACT' value, Logo handles the error by generating an internal THROW "ERROR. (A user program can also generate an error condition deliberately by invoking 'THROW'.) If this throw is not caught by a CATCH "ERROR in the user program, it is eventually caught either by the toplevel instruction loop or by a pause loop, which prints the error message. An invocation of CATCH "ERROR in a user program locally unbinds 'ERRACT', so the effect is that whichever of 'ERRACT' and CATCH "ERROR is more local will take precedence. If a floating point overflow occurs during an arithmetic operation, or a two-input mathematical function (like 'POWER') is invoked with an illegal combination of inputs, the 'doesn't like' message refers to the second operand, but should be taken as meaning the combination. *Note ERRACT:: , *note THROW:: , *note ERROR:: , *note CATCH:: , *note PAUSE:: , *note CONTINUE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERROR CODES, Prev: ERROR PROCESSING, Up: ERROR PROCESSING 10.1 Error Codes ================ Here are the numeric codes that appear as the first member of the list output by 'ERROR' when an error is caught, with the corresponding messages. Some messages may have two different codes depending on whether or not the error is recoverable (that is, a substitute value can be provided through the 'ERRACT' mechanism) in the specific context. Some messages are warnings rather than errors; these will not be caught. Errors 0 and 32 are so bad that Logo exits immediately. 0 Fatal internal error (can't be caught) 1 Out of memory 2 Stack overflow 3 Turtle out of bounds 4 PROC doesn't like DATUM as input (not recoverable) 5 PROC didn't output to PROC 6 Not enough inputs to PROC 7 proc doesn't like datum as input (recoverable) 8 Too much inside ()'s 9 You don't say what to do with DATUM 10 ')' not found 11 VAR has no value 12 Unexpected ')' 13 I don't know how to PROC (recoverable) 14 Can't find catch tag for THROWTAG 15 PROC is already defined 16 Stopped 17 Already dribbling 18 File system error 19 Assuming you mean IFELSE, not IF (warning only) 20 VAR shadowed by local in procedure call (warning only) 21 Throw "Error 22 PROC is a primitive 23 Can't use TO inside a procedure 24 I don't know how to PROC (not recoverable) 25 IFTRUE/IFFALSE without TEST 26 Unexpected ']' 27 Unexpected '}' 28 Couldn't initialize graphics 29 Macro returned VALUE instead of a list 30 You don't say what to do with VALUE 31 Can only use STOP or OUTPUT inside a procedure 32 APPLY doesn't like BADTHING as input 33 END inside multi-line instruction 34 Really out of memory (can't be caught) 35 user-generated error message (THROW "ERROR MESSAGE) 36 END inside multi-line instruction 37 Bad default expression for optional input: EXPR 38 Can't use OUTPUT or STOP inside RUNRESULT 39 Assuming you meant 'FD 100', not FD100 (or similar) 40 I can't open file FILENAME 41 File FILENAME already open 42 File FILENAME not open 43 Runlist [EXPR EXPR] has more than one expression.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: SPECIAL VARIABLES, Next: INTERNATIONALIZATION, Prev: ERROR PROCESSING, Up: Top 11 Special Variables ******************** Logo takes special action if any of the following variable names exists. They follow the normal scoping rules, so a procedure can locally set one of them to limit the scope of its effect. Initially, no variables exist except for 'ALLOWGETSET', 'CASEIGNOREDP', and 'UNBURYONEDIT', which are 'TRUE' and buried. * Menu: * ALLOWGETSET:: * BUTTONACT:: * CASEIGNOREDP:: * COMMANDLINE:: * ERRACT:: * FULLPRINTP:: * KEYACT:: * LOADNOISILY:: * PRINTDEPTHLIMIT:: * PRINTWIDTHLIMIT:: * REDEFP:: * STARTUP:: * UNBURYONEDIT:: * USEALTERNATENAMES:: * LOGOVERSION:: * LOGOPLATFORM::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ALLOWGETSET, Next: BUTTONACT, Prev: SPECIAL VARIABLES, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES allowgetset =========== ALLOWGETSET (variable) if 'TRUE', indicates that an attempt to use a procedure that doesn't exist should be taken as an implicit getter or setter procedure (setter if the first three letters of the name are 'SET') for a variable of the same name (without the 'SET' if appropriate). * Menu: * BUTTONACT:: * CASEIGNOREDP:: * COMMANDLINE:: * ERRACT:: * FULLPRINTP:: * KEYACT:: * LOADNOISILY:: * PRINTDEPTHLIMIT:: * PRINTWIDTHLIMIT:: * REDEFP:: * STARTUP:: * UNBURYONEDIT:: * USEALTERNATENAMES:: * LOGOVERSION:: * LOGOPLATFORM::  File: ucblogo.info, Node: BUTTONACT, Next: CASEIGNOREDP, Prev: ALLOWGETSET, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES buttonact --------- BUTTONACT (variable) if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a mouse button is pressed. Note that the user may have released the button before the instructions are evaluated. 'BUTTON' will still output which button was most recently pressed. 'CLICKPOS' will output the position of the mouse cursor at the moment the button was pressed; this may be different from 'MOUSEPOS' if the user moves the mouse after clicking. Note that it's possible for the user to press a button during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting 'BUTTONACT' to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: make "buttonact [button.action] to button.action [:buttonact []] ... ; whatever you want the button to do end  File: ucblogo.info, Node: CASEIGNOREDP, Next: COMMANDLINE, Prev: BUTTONACT, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES caseignoredp ------------ CASEIGNOREDP (variable) if 'TRUE', indicates that lower case and upper case letters should be considered equal by 'EQUALP', 'BEFOREP', 'MEMBERP', etc. Logo initially makes this variable 'TRUE', and buries it. *Note EQUALP:: , *note BEFOREP:: , *note MEMBERP:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: COMMANDLINE, Next: ERRACT, Prev: CASEIGNOREDP, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES commandline ----------- COMMANDLINE (variable) contains any text appearing after a hyphen on the command line used to start Logo.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: ERRACT, Next: FULLPRINTP, Prev: COMMANDLINE, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES erract ------ ERRACT (variable) an instructionlist that will be run in the event of an error. Typically has the value '[PAUSE]' to allow interactive debugging. *Note PAUSE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: FULLPRINTP, Next: KEYACT, Prev: ERRACT, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES fullprintp ---------- FULLPRINTP (variable) if 'TRUE', then words that were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same value. If FULLPRINTP is 'TRUE' then the empty word (however it was created) prints as '||'. (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.)  File: ucblogo.info, Node: KEYACT, Next: LOADNOISILY, Prev: FULLPRINTP, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES keyact ------ KEYACT (variable) if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a key is pressed on the keyboard. The instruction list can use 'READCHAR' to find out what key was pressed. Note that only keys that produce characters qualify; pressing 'SHIFT' or 'CONTROL' alone will not cause 'KEYACT' to be evaluated. Note that it's possible for the user to press a key during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting 'KEYACT' to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: make "keyact [key.action] to key.action [:keyact []] ... ; whatever you want the key to do end  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOADNOISILY, Next: PRINTDEPTHLIMIT, Prev: KEYACT, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES loadnoisily ----------- LOADNOISILY (variable) if 'TRUE', prints the names of procedures defined when loading from a file (including the temporary file made by 'EDIT'). *Note EDIT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PRINTDEPTHLIMIT, Next: PRINTWIDTHLIMIT, Prev: LOADNOISILY, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES printdepthlimit --------------- PRINTDEPTHLIMIT (variable) if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum depth of sublist structure that will be printed by 'PRINT', etc. *Note PRINT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: PRINTWIDTHLIMIT, Next: REDEFP, Prev: PRINTDEPTHLIMIT, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES printwidthlimit --------------- PRINTWIDTHLIMIT (variable) if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum number of members in any one list that will be printed by 'PRINT', etc. *Note PRINT:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: REDEFP, Next: STARTUP, Prev: PRINTWIDTHLIMIT, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES redefp ------ REDEFP (variable) if 'TRUE', allows primitives to be erased ('ERASE') or redefined ('COPYDEF'). *Note ERASE:: , *note COPYDEF:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: STARTUP, Next: UNBURYONEDIT, Prev: REDEFP, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES startup ------- STARTUP (variable) if assigned a list value in a file loaded by 'LOAD', that value is run as an instructionlist after the loading. *Note LOAD:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: UNBURYONEDIT, Next: USEALTERNATENAMES, Prev: STARTUP, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES unburyonedit ------------ UNBURYONEDIT (variable) if 'TRUE', causes any procedure defined during 'EDIT' or 'LOAD' to be unburied, so that it will be saved by a later 'SAVE'. Files that want to define and bury procedures must do it in that order. *Note EDIT:: , *Note LOAD:: , *Note SAVE:: .  File: ucblogo.info, Node: USEALTERNATENAMES, Next: LOGOVERSION, Prev: UNBURYONEDIT, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES usealternatenames ----------------- USEALTERNATENAMES (variable) if 'TRUE', causes Logo to generate non-English words (from the 'Messages' file) instead of 'TRUE', 'FALSE', 'END', etc. Logo provides the following buried variables that can be used by programs:  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOGOVERSION, Next: LOGOPLATFORM, Prev: USEALTERNATENAMES, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES logoversion ----------- LOGOVERSION (variable) a real number indicating the Logo version number, e.g., 5.5  File: ucblogo.info, Node: LOGOPLATFORM, Prev: LOGOVERSION, Up: SPECIAL VARIABLES logoplatform ------------ LOGOPLATFORM (variable) one of the following words: 'wxWidgets', 'X11', 'Windows', or 'Unix-nographics'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: INTERNATIONALIZATION, Next: INDEX, Prev: SPECIAL VARIABLES, Up: Top 12 Internationalization *********************** Berkeley Logo has limited support for non-English-speaking users. Alas, there is no Unicode support, and high-bit-on ASCII codes work in some contexts but not others. If you want to translate Berkeley Logo for use with another language, there are three main things you have to do: 1. Primitive names 2. Error (and other) messages 3. Documentation For primitive names, the easiest thing is to provide a startup file that defines aliases for the English primitive names, using 'COPYDEF': COPYDEF "AVANT "FORWARD This should take care of it, unless your language's name for one primitive is spelled like the English name of a different primitive. In that case you have to turn 'REDEFP' on and be sure to copy the non-conflicting name before overwriting the conflicting one! "Primitives" that are actually in the Logo library, of course, can just be replaced or augmented with native-language-named Logo procedures and filenames. Of course Logo programs will still not look like your native language if the word order is dramatically different, especially if you don't put verbs before their objects. For error messages, there is a file named 'Messages' in the 'logolib' directory with texts of messages, one per line. You can replace this with a file for your own language. Do not add, delete, or reorder lines; Logo finds messages by line number. The sequences '%p', '%s', and '%t' in these messages represent variable parts of the message and should not be translated. (%p 'PRINT's the variable part, while %s 'SHOW's it - that is, the difference is about whether or not brackets are shown surrounding a list. %t means that the variable part is a C text string rather than a Logo object.) If you want to change the order of two variable parts (no reorderable message has more than two), you would for example replace the line %p doesn't like %s as input with %+s is a lousy input to %p The plus sign tells the message printer to reverse the order; you must reverse the order of %p and %s, if both are used, to match. The plus sign goes just after the first percent sign in the message, which might not be at the beginning of the line. The sequence '\n' in a message represents a newline; don't be fooled into thinking that the 'n' is part of the following word. Some messages appear twice in the file; this isn't a mistake. The two spaces before 'to' in 'I don't know how\ \ to' aren't a mistake either. The message containing just '%p' is for user-provided error messages in 'THROW "ERROR'. The message "'\ \ in %s\n%s'" is the part of all error messages that indicates where the error occurred if it was inside a procedure; you might want to change the word 'in' to your language. '%s defined\n' is what 'LOAD' prints for each procedure defined if the variable 'LOADNOISILY' is 'TRUE'. "'to %p\nend\n\n'" is what 'EDIT' puts in the temporary file if you ask to edit a procedure that isn't already defined. Also in the 'Messages' file are lines containing only one word each; the first of these is the word 'true'. Some of these words are recognized by Logo in user input; some are generated by Logo; some are both. For example, the words 'TRUE' and 'FALSE' are recognized as Boolean values by 'IF' and 'IFELSE', and are also generated by Logo as outputs from the primitive predicates such as 'EQUALP'. The word 'END' is recognized as the end of a procedure definition, and may be generated when Logo reconstructs a procedure body for 'PO' or 'EDIT'. I've used capital letters in this paragraph for easier reading, but the words in the 'Messages' file should be in lower case. If you replace these with non-English words, Logo will _recognize_ both the English names and your alternate names. For example, if you replace the word 'true' with 'vrai' then Logo will understand both of these: IF "TRUE [PRINT "YES] IF "VRAI [PRINT "YES] The variable 'UseAlternateNames' determines whether Logo will _generate_ other-language names - for example, whether predicate functions return the other-language alternates for 'TRUE' and 'FALSE'. This variable is 'FALSE' by default, meaning that the English words will be generated. You might wish to have English-named predicate functions generate English 'TRUE' and 'FALSE', while other-language-named predicates generate the alternate words. This can be done by leaving 'UseAlternateNames' false, and instead of defining the other-language predicates with 'COPYDEF', do it this way: to french.boolean :bool if equalp :bool "true [output "vrai] if equalp :bool "false [output "faux] output :bool ; shouldn't happen end to make.french.predicate :french :english :arity define :french `[[[inputs] ,[:arity]] [output french.boolean apply ,[word "" :english] :inputs]] end ? make.french.predicate "egal? "equal? 2 ? pr egal? 3 4 faux ? pr egal? 4 4 vrai ? pr equal? 3 4 false ? pr equal? 4 4 true The third input to 'make.french.predicate' is the number of inputs that the predicate expects. This solution isn't quite perfect because the infix predicates ('=', '<', '>') will still output in English. If you want them to generate alternate-language words, set 'UseAlternateNames' to 'TRUE' instead. Some of the words in this section of the 'Messages' file are names of Logo primitives ('OUTPUT', 'STOP', 'GOTO', 'TAG', 'IF', 'IFELSE', 'TO', '.MACRO'). To translate these names, you must use 'COPYDEF' as described earlier, in addition to changing the names in 'Messages'. You should be consistent in these two steps. Don't forget the period in '.macro'! For documentation, there are two kinds: this manual and the help files. The latter are generated automatically from this manual if you have a Unix system, so in that case you need only translate this manual, maintaining the format. (The automatic helpfile generator notices things like capital letters, tabs, hyphens, and equal signs at the beginnings of lines.) The program 'makefile.c' may require modification because a few of the primitive names are special cases (e.g., 'LOG10' is the only name with digits included). If you don't have Unix tools, you can just translate each helpfile individually. A period in a primitive name is represented as a 'D' in the filename; there are no files for question marks because the 'HELP' command looks for the file named after the corresponding primitive that ends in 'P'.  File: ucblogo.info, Node: INDEX, Prev: INTERNATIONALIZATION, Up: Top INDEX ***** [index] * Menu: * *: PRODUCT. (line 6) * +: SUM. (line 6) * -: DIFFERENCE. (line 6) * .defmacro: dMACRO. (line 6) * .eq: dEQ. (line 6) * .macro: dMACRO. (line 6) * .maybeoutput: dMAYBEOUTPUT. (line 6) * .setbf: dSETBF. (line 6) * .setfirst: dSETFIRST. (line 6) * .setitem: dSETITEM. (line 6) * .setsegmentsize: .SETSEGMENTSIZE. (line 6) * /: QUOTIENT. (line 6) * <: LESSP. (line 6) * <=: LESSEQUALP. (line 6) * <>: NOTEQUALP. (line 6) * =: EQUALP. (line 6) * >: GREATERP. (line 6) * >=: GREATEREQUALP. (line 6) * ': back-quote. (line 6) * allopen: ALLOPEN. (line 6) * AllowGetSet: GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX. (line 127) * allowgetset: ALLOWGETSET. (line 6) * and: AND. (line 6) * apply: APPLY. (line 6) * arc: ARC. (line 6) * arctan: ARCTAN. (line 6) * arity: ARITY. (line 6) * array: ARRAY. (line 6) * array?: ARRAYP. (line 6) * arrayp: ARRAYP. (line 6) * arraytolist: ARRAYTOLIST. (line 6) * ascii: ASCII. (line 6) * ashift: ASHIFT. (line 6) * back: BACK. (line 6) * background: BACKGROUND. (line 6) * before?: BEFOREP. (line 6) * beforep: BEFOREP. (line 6) * bf: BUTFIRST. (line 6) * bfs: BUTFIRSTS. (line 6) * bg: BACKGROUND. (line 6) * bitand: BITAND. (line 6) * bitnot: BITNOT. (line 6) * bitor: BITOR. (line 6) * bitxor: BITXOR. (line 6) * bk: BACK. (line 6) * bl: BUTLAST. (line 6) * buried: BURIED. (line 6) * buried?: BURIEDP. (line 6) * buriedp: BURIEDP. (line 6) * bury: BURY. (line 6) * buryall: BURYALL. (line 6) * buryname: BURYNAME. (line 6) * butfirst: BUTFIRST. (line 6) * butfirsts: BUTFIRSTS. (line 6) * butlast: BUTLAST. (line 6) * button: BUTTON. (line 6) * button?: BUTTONP. (line 6) * buttonact: BUTTONACT. (line 6) * buttonp: BUTTONP. (line 6) * bye: BYE. (line 6) * cascade: CASCADE. (line 6) * cascade.2: CASCADEd2. (line 6) * case: CASE. (line 6) * case-insensitive: TOKENIZATION. (line 10) * caseignoredp: CASEIGNOREDP. (line 6) * catch: CATCH. (line 6) * char: CHAR. (line 6) * clean: CLEAN. (line 6) * clearscreen: CLEARSCREEN. (line 6) * cleartext: CLEARTEXT. (line 6) * clickpos: CLICKPOS. (line 6) * close: CLOSE. (line 6) * closeall: CLOSEALL. (line 6) * co: CONTINUE. (line 6) * combine: COMBINE. (line 6) * commandline: COMMANDLINE. (line 6) * comments: TOKENIZATION. (line 10) * Computer_Science_Logo_Style: OVERVIEW. (line 6) * cond: COND. (line 6) * contents: CONTENTS. (line 6) * continue: CONTINUE. (line 6) * copydef: COPYDEF. (line 6) * Copyright: OVERVIEW. (line 6) * cos: COS. (line 6) * count: COUNT. (line 6) * crossmap: CROSSMAP. (line 6) * cs: CLEARSCREEN. (line 6) * cslsload: CSLSLOAD. (line 6) * ct: CLEARTEXT. (line 6) * cursor: CURSOR. (line 6) * decreasefont: INCREASEFONT. (line 6) * define: DEFINE. 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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark {restore}if %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR9 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR9 003.002 %%Title: CMR9 %Version: 003.002 %%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009 %%Creator: David M. Jones %Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society %Copyright: (), with Reserved Font Name CMR9. % This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. % This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also % available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL. %%EndComments FontDirectory/CMR9 known{/CMR9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup /UniqueID get 5000792 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse {save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse 11 dict begin /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def /FontName /CMR9 def /FontBBox {-39 -250 1036 750 }readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (003.002) readonly def /Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR9.) readonly def /FullName (CMR9) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def /UnderlinePosition -100 def /UnderlineThickness 50 def end readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 11 /ff put dup 12 /fi put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 61 /equal put dup 63 /question put dup 65 /A put dup 67 /C put dup 71 /G put dup 76 /L put dup 83 /S put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec 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Jones %Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society %Copyright: (), with Reserved Font Name CMR10. % This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. % This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also % available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL. %%EndComments FontDirectory/CMR10 known{/CMR10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup /UniqueID get 5000793 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse {save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse 11 dict begin /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def /FontName /CMR10 def /FontBBox {-40 -250 1009 750 }readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (003.002) readonly def /Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR10.) readonly def /FullName (CMR10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def 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Jones %Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society %Copyright: (), with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10. % This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. % This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also % available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL. %%EndComments FontDirectory/CMSLTT10 known{/CMSLTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup /UniqueID get 5000800 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse {save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse 11 dict begin /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def /FontName /CMSLTT10 def /FontBBox {-20 -233 617 696 }readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (003.002) readonly def /Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.) readonly def /FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -9.46 def 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Jones %Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society %Copyright: (), with Reserved Font Name CMTT10. % This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. % This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also % available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL. %%EndComments FontDirectory/CMTT10 known{/CMTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup /UniqueID get 5000832 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse {save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse 11 dict begin /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def /FontName /CMTT10 def /FontBBox {-4 -233 537 696 }readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (003.002) readonly def /Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.) readonly def /FullName (CMTT10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch true def 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Jones %Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society %Copyright: (), with Reserved Font Name CMSL10. % This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. % This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also % available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL. %%EndComments FontDirectory/CMSL10 known{/CMSL10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup /UniqueID get 5000798 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse {save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse 11 dict begin /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def /FontName /CMSL10 def /FontBBox {-62 -250 1123 750 }readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (003.002) readonly def /Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.) readonly def /FullName (CMSL10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -9.46 def /isFixedPitch false 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FF5B7E24572114B4346F38B9F781E8AEC4CBB2 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark {restore}if %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR12 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR12 003.002 %%Title: CMR12 %Version: 003.002 %%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009 %%Creator: David M. Jones %Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society %Copyright: (), with Reserved Font Name CMR12. % This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. % This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also % available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL. %%EndComments FontDirectory/CMR12 known{/CMR12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup /UniqueID get 5000794 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse {save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse 11 dict begin /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def /FontName /CMR12 def /FontBBox {-34 -251 988 750 }readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (003.002) readonly def /Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR12.) readonly def /FullName (CMR12) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def 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(unpunctuated)150 518 y(w)m(ord)i(w)m(ould)f(represen)m(t)h(a)h(pro)s (cedure)e(if)h(there)g(is)g(a)g(pro)s(cedure)f(b)m(y)h(that)g(name,)i (or)e(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(if)f(there)150 628 y(is)30 b(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(b)m(y)g(that)g(name?)40 b(Then)29 b(w)m(e)i(could)g(sa)m(y)390 795 y Fk(PRINT)46 b(MY.VAR)150 963 y Fs(and)38 b(Logo)h(w)m(ould)g(realize)h(that)f Fk(MY.VAR)d Fs(is)j(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)42 b(not)c(of)h(a)g(pro)s(cedure.)63 b(The)150 1073 y(traditional)33 b(reason)e(not)h(to)g(use)f(this)g(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)i(is)e(that)h (Logo)h(allo)m(ws)f(the)g(same)f(w)m(ord)g(to)h(name)g(a)150 1182 y(pro)s(cedure)j(and)h(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(at)g(the)f(same)h (time.)59 b(This)35 b(is)h(most)h(often)f(imp)s(ortan)m(t)h(for)f(w)m (ords)f(that)150 1292 y(name)30 b(data)h(t)m(yp)s(es,)g(as)g(in)f(the)g (follo)m(wing)i(pro)s(cedure:)390 1460 y Fk(TO)47 b(PLURAL)f(:WORD)390 1569 y(OUTPUT)g(WORD)h(:WORD)f("S)390 1679 y(END)150 1846 y Fs(Here)d(the)f(name)g Fk(WORD)f Fs(is)h(a)h(natural)f(c)m (hoice)i(for)e(the)g(input)f(to)i Fk(PLURAL)p Fs(,)g(since)g(it)f (describ)s(es)g(the)150 1956 y(kind)29 b(of)h(input)f(that)h Fk(PLURAL)e Fs(exp)s(ects.)41 b(Within)30 b(the)g(pro)s(cedure,)f(w)m (e)h(use)g Fk(WORD)e Fs(to)j(represen)m(t)f(Logo's)150 2066 y(primitiv)m(e)40 b(pro)s(cedure)e(that)h(com)m(bines)h(t)m(w)m(o) g(input)e(w)m(ords)h(to)g(form)g(a)g(new,)i(longer)f(w)m(ord;)j(w)m(e)c (use)150 2175 y Fk(:WORD)32 b Fs(to)i(represen)m(t)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(con)m(taining)g(the)e(input,)h(whatev)m(er)g(actual)h(w) m(ord)e(is)g(giv)m(en)i(when)150 2285 y Fk(PLURAL)29 b Fs(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)390 2452 y Fk(?)47 b(PRINT)g(PLURAL)f ("COMPUTER)390 2562 y(COMPUTERS)150 2730 y Fs(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)32 b(if)e(a)g(Logo)h(instruction)f(includes)f(an)h(unquoted)e(w)m(ord)i (that)g(is)g Fj(not)g Fs(the)g(name)g(of)g(a)g(pro)s(ce-)150 2839 y(dure,)35 b(Logo)g(could)g(lo)s(ok)g(for)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(of)e(that)i(name)e(instead.)54 b(This)33 b(w)m(ould)i(allo)m(w)h(a)f Fk(")p Fs(punctua-)150 2949 y(tionless)p Fk(")e Fs(Logo,)h Fj(pro)m(vided)e(that)h(users)f(who)g(w) m(an)m(t)h(to)g(w)m(ork)g(without)g(colons)g(for)f(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(c)m(ho)s(ose)150 3059 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(names)f(that)h(are)g(not)f(also)i(pro)s(cedure)d(names.)150 3226 y Fs(What)k(ab)s(out)g(assigning)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(to)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable?)48 b(Could)32 b(w)m(e)h(do)f(without)h(the)g (quotation)h(mark)e(on)150 3336 y Fk(MAKE)p Fs('s)d(\014rst)g(input?)40 b(Alas,)31 b(no.)40 b(Although)30 b(the)h(\014rst)e(input)g(to)i Fk(MAKE)e Fs(is)h Fj(usually)f Fs(a)i(constan)m(t,)g(kno)m(wn)150 3445 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(name,)g(sometimes)g(it)g(isn't,)g(as)g(in)f (this)g(example:)390 3613 y Fk(TO)47 b(INCREMENT)e(:VAR)390 3723 y(MAKE)i(:VAR)f(\(THING)g(:VAR\)+1)g(;)i(Note:)e(it's)h(not)g ("VAR)f(here!)390 3832 y(END)390 4051 y(?)h(MAKE)g("X)g(5)390 4161 y(?)g(INCREMENT)f("X)390 4271 y(?)h(PRINT)g(:X)390 4380 y(6)150 4548 y Fs(The)29 b(pro)s(cedure)f Fk(INCREMENT)f Fs(tak)m(es)j(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(name)f(as)h(its)f(input)g(and)f (c)m(hanges)j(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)f(that)150 4658 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)39 b(In)23 b(this)g(example)i(there)e(are)h(t)m(w)m (o)h(v)-5 b(ariables;)27 b(the)c(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(whose)e(name)g(is) h Fk(VAR)p Fs(,)g(and)f(whose)150 4767 y(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f Fk(X)p Fs(;)i(and)d(the)i(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(whose)g(name)f(is)h Fk(X)f Fs(and)g(whose)g(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(c)m(hanges)g(from)f(5)h(to)g(6.)150 4877 y(Supp)s(ose)h(w)m(e)i(c)m(hanged)g(the)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(of)f Fk(MAKE)g Fs(so)g(that)h(it)g(to)s(ok)h(the)e(w)m(ord)g(after)h Fk(MAKE)f Fs(as)g(the)h(name)150 4986 y(of)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(to)g(c)m(hange;)h(w)m(e)f(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(unable)g (to)h(write)f Fk(INCREMENT)p Fs(:)390 5154 y Fk(TO)47 b(INCREMENT)e(:VAR)i(;)h(nonworking!)390 5264 y(MAKE)f(VAR)g(\(THING)f (VAR\)+1)p eop end %%Page: 4 17 TeXDict begin 4 16 bop 150 -116 a Fs(4)2596 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)390 299 y Fk(END)150 467 y Fs(This)g(w)m(ould)g(assign)g (a)h(new)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g Fk(VAR)p Fs(,)f(not)g(to)h Fk(X)p Fs(.)150 634 y(What)36 b(w)m(e)g(can)g(do)g(is)g(to)g(allo)m(w)h (an)f Fj(alternativ)m(e)i Fs(to)e Fk(MAKE)p Fs(,)g(a)h Fk(")p Fs(setter)p Fk(")f Fs(pro)s(cedure)e(for)i(a)g(particular)150 744 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)42 b(The)29 b(notation)j(will)f(b)s(e)390 912 y Fk(?)47 b(SETFOO)g(7)390 1021 y(?)g(PRINT)g(FOO)390 1131 y(7)150 1298 y(SETFOO)31 b Fs(is)h(a)h Fk(")p Fs(setter)g(pro)s (cedure)p Fk(")e Fs(that)j(tak)m(es)g(one)e(input)g(\(in)g(this)h(case) g(the)g(input)f(7\))h(and)f(assigns)150 1408 y(its)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(named)f Fk(FOO)p Fs(.)150 1576 y(Berk)m(eley)e(Logo)f(allo)m(ws)h(users)d(to)i(c)m(ho)s (ose)g(either)g(the)f(traditional)i(notation,)g(in)e(whic)m(h)g(case)h (the)g(same)150 1685 y(name)j(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(b)s(oth)g(for)g(a)h (pro)s(cedure)e(and)h(for)g(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)31 b(or)e(the)h (getter/setter)i(notation,)f(in)150 1795 y(whic)m(h)d(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Fk(FOO)e Fs(is)h(set)h(with)f Fk(SETFOO)e Fs(and)i(examined)g(with)g Fk(FOO)p Fs(,)g(but)f(the)i(same)f(name)h (can't)g(b)s(e)150 1905 y(used)h(for)g(pro)s(cedure)f(and)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 2072 y(Here)27 b(is)f(ho)m(w)g(this)g(c)m(hoice)i(is)e (allo)m(w)m(ed:)40 b(Berk)m(eley)28 b(Logo)f(uses)f(traditional)h (notation,)h(with)e(pro)s(cedures)150 2182 y(distinct)32 b(from)f(v)-5 b(ariables.)44 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)34 b(if)e(there)f(is)h (a)f(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(named)d Fk(AllowGetSet)f Fs(whose)i(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)150 2291 y(TR)m(UE)25 b(\(whic)m(h)h(there)g(is,)g(b)m (y)g(default,)h(when)d(Logo)j(starts)f(up\),)g(then)f(if)g(a)h(Logo)h (instruction)e(refers)g(to)150 2401 y(a)i Fj(nonexisten)m(t)i Fs(pro)s(cedure)d(\(so)h(that)h(the)f(error)g(message)h Fk(")p Fs(I)f(don't)g(kno)m(w)g(ho)m(w)g(to)h(...)p Fk(")g Fs(w)m(ould)e(result\),)150 2511 y(Logo)31 b(tries)g(the)g(follo)m (wing)h(t)m(w)m(o)f(steps:)390 2678 y(1.)61 b(If)30 b(the)h(name)f(is)h (at)g(least)g(four)f(c)m(haracters)i(long,)f(and)f(the)g(\014rst)g (three)390 2788 y(c)m(haracters)i(are)f(the)f(letters)i Fk(SET)d Fs(\(upp)s(er)g(or)h(lo)m(w)m(er)i(case\),)g(and)e(if)g(the)h (name)390 2897 y(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(in)e(the)h(instruction)f(b)m(y)h (another)f(v)-5 b(alue,)31 b(and)f(if)g(the)h(name)390 3007 y(without)f(the)h Fk(SET)e Fs(is)i(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(that)g(already)g(exists,)g(then)390 3117 y(Logo)g(will)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i Fk(MAKE)c Fs(with)h(its)h(\014rst)e (input)h(b)s(eing)g(the)g(name)h(without)f(the)390 3226 y Fk(SET)p Fs(,)g(and)f(its)i(second)g(input)e(b)s(eing)h(the)h(follo)m (wing)g(v)-5 b(alue.)390 3445 y(2.)61 b(If)30 b(step)h(1's)g (conditions)f(are)h(not)g(met,)g(but)e(the)i(name)f(is)390 3555 y(the)h(name)f(of)h(an)f(accessible)i(v)-5 b(ariable,)31 b(then)f(Logo)i(will)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)390 3665 y Fk(THING)e Fs(with)h(that)h(name)f(as)h(input,)f(to)h(\014nd)e(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable's)31 b(v)-5 b(alue.)150 3832 y(Step)42 b(1)g(requires)f(that) h(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)43 b(already)f(exist)h(so)f(that)h(missp)s (ellings)e(of)h(names)g(of)g Fk(SETxxx)150 3942 y Fs(primitiv)m(es)26 b(\(e.g.,)i Fk(SETHEADING)p Fs(\))22 b(will)k(still)g(b)s(e)e(caugh)m (t,)k(instead)d(of)g(silen)m(tly)h(creating)h(a)e(new)g(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 4051 y(The)30 b(command)g Fk(GLOBAL)f Fs(can)h(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)h(create)h(a)e(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(without)e(giving)h(it)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alue.)150 4219 y(One)33 b(\014nal)g(p)s(oin)m(t:)47 b(The)33 b Fk(TO)f Fs(command)i(in)f(Logo)h (has)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(b)s(een)e(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(case;)i(the)e(rest)f (of)h(the)150 4329 y(line)g(starting)g(with)f Fk(TO)g Fs(is)g(not)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 b(as)g(ordinary)f(Logo)h(expressions)f (are.)50 b(In)33 b(particular,)i(the)150 4438 y(colons)26 b(used)e(to)h(mark)g(the)g(names)g(of)g(inputs)e(to)j(the)f(pro)s (cedure)f(do)h(not)g(cause)g Fk(THING)e Fs(to)j(b)s(e)e(in)m(v)m(ok)m (ed.)150 4548 y(They)35 b(are)h(merely)g(mnemonic)g(aids,)h(reminding)e (the)g(Logo)i(user)e(that)h(these)g(w)m(ords)f(are)h(names)g(of)150 4658 y(v)-5 b(ariables.)63 b(\(Arguably)-8 b(,)41 b(this)d(nonstan)m (tard)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(of)g Fk(TO)f Fs(adds)g(to)i(Logo)f(b)s (eginners')f(confusion)150 4767 y(ab)s(out)f(colons.\))59 b(T)-8 b(o)36 b(a)g(programmer)g(using)f(colonless)j(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(references,)h(the)e(colons)h(in)e(the)i Fk(TO)150 4877 y Fs(line)31 b(are)f(unnecessary)g(and)g(meaningless.)41 b(Berk)m(eley)33 b(Logo)e(therefore)g(mak)m(es)g(the)g(colons)g (optional:)390 5044 y Fk(TO)47 b(FOO)g(:IN1)g(:IN2)150 5212 y Fs(and)p eop end %%Page: 5 18 TeXDict begin 5 17 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(1:)41 b(In)m(tro)s(duction)2592 b(5)390 299 y Fk(TO)47 b(FOO)g(IN1)g(IN2)150 467 y Fs(are)31 b(b)s(oth)e(allo)m(w)m(ed.)150 702 y Fr(1.3)68 b(En)l(tering)46 b(and)f(Lea)l(ving)h(Logo)150 861 y Fs(The)30 b(pro)s(cess)g(to)h(start)g(Logo)g(dep)s(ends)e(on)h(y) m(our)g(op)s(erating)h(system:)150 1051 y(Unix:)263 b(T)m(yp)s(e)26 b(the)h(w)m(ord)g Fk(logo)e Fs(to)j(the)f(shell.)40 b(\(The)27 b(directory)g(in)f(whic)m(h)h(y)m(ou'v)m(e)h(installed)g(Logo)630 1161 y(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e)g(in)g(y)m(our)g(path.\))150 1315 y(DOS:)264 b(Change)35 b(directories)h(to)f(the)g(one)g(con)m(taining)i (Logo)f(\(probably)e Fk(C:\\UCBLOGO)p Fs(\).)52 b(Then)630 1425 y(t)m(yp)s(e)31 b Fk(UCBLOGO)d Fs(for)i(the)h(large)g(memory)f(v)m (ersion,)h(or)g Fk(BL)f Fs(for)g(the)g(640K)i(v)m(ersion.)150 1579 y(Mac:)287 b(Double-clic)m(k)33 b(on)d(the)h Fk(LOGO)e Fs(icon)i(within)f(the)g Fk(")p Fs(UCB)h(Logo)p Fk(")g Fs(folder.)150 1733 y(Windo)m(ws:)91 b(Double-clic)m(k)33 b(on)d(the)h Fk(UCBWLOGO)d Fs(icon)j(in)f(the)g Fk(UCBLOGO)f Fs(folder.)150 1923 y(T)-8 b(o)31 b(lea)m(v)m(e)i(Logo,)e(en)m(ter)g (the)g(command)f Fk(bye)p Fs(.)150 2090 y(On)39 b(startup,)j(Logo)f(lo) s(oks)f(for)g(a)g(\014le)g(named)g Fk(startup.lg)d Fs(in)i(the)i (system)f(Logo)h(library)e(and,)j(if)150 2200 y(found,)32 b(loads)h(it.)47 b(Then)31 b(it)i(lo)s(oks)g(for)f Fk(startup.lg)e Fs(in)i(the)h(user's)f(home)g(directory)-8 b(,)34 b(or)f(the)f(curren)m (t)150 2310 y(directory)-8 b(,)38 b(dep)s(ending)33 b(on)j(the)f(op)s (erating)h(system,)h(and)d(loads)i(that.)56 b(These)35 b(startup)g(\014les)g(can)h(b)s(e)150 2419 y(used)30 b(to)h(prede\014ne)e(pro)s(cedures,)g(e.g.,)j(to)f(pro)m(vide)g (non-English)e(names)i(for)f(primitiv)m(e)h(pro)s(cedures.)150 2587 y(Under)41 b(Unix,)k(DOS,)c(or)h(Windo)m(ws,)j(if)d(y)m(ou)g (include)f(one)h(or)g(more)g(\014lenames)g(on)f(the)h(command)150 2697 y(line)i(when)e(starting)i(Logo,)k(those)43 b(\014les)g(will)h(b)s (e)f(loaded)g(b)s(efore)g(the)h(in)m(terpreter)f(starts)h(reading)150 2806 y(commands)29 b(from)f(y)m(our)h(terminal.)41 b(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(load)h(a)f(\014le)g(that)h(executes)g(some)f(program)g(that) g(includes)150 2916 y(a)i Fk(bye)f Fs(command,)g(Logo)i(will)f(run)e (that)j(program)e(and)g(exit.)42 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(can)g(therefore)g (write)g(standalone)150 3025 y(programs)g(in)g(Logo)h(and)f(run)f(them) h(with)g(shell/batc)m(h)i(scripts.)44 b(T)-8 b(o)31 b(supp)s(ort)f (this)h(tec)m(hnique,)i(Logo)150 3135 y(do)s(es)h(not)g(prin)m(t)f(its) i(usual)e(w)m(elcoming)i(and)f(parting)g(messages)g(if)g(y)m(ou)h(giv)m (e)g(\014le)f(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h(the)150 3245 y(logo)d(command.)150 3412 y(If)44 b(a)h(command)g(line)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)g(just)f(a)h(h)m (yphen,)i(then)d(all)i(command)e(line)h(argumen)m(ts)g(after)150 3522 y(the)40 b(h)m(yphen)e(are)h(not)h(tak)m(en)g(as)g(\014lenames,)i (but)c(are)i(instead)g(collected)h(in)e(a)h(list,)i(one)e(w)m(ord)f(p)s (er)150 3631 y(argumen)m(t;)31 b(the)e(buried)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b Fk(COMMAND.LINE)d Fs(con)m(tains)j(that)h(list)f(of)g (argumen)m(ts,)g(or)g(the)g(empt)m(y)150 3741 y(list)j(if)f(there)h (are)g(none.)46 b(On)32 b(m)m(y)h(Lin)m(ux)e(system,)j(if)e(the)h (\014rst)e(line)i(of)g(an)f(executable)i(shell)f(script)f(is)150 3851 y Fk(#!/usr/local/bin/logo)42 b(-)32 b Fs(\(note)i(the)f(h)m (yphen\))e(then)i(the)f(script)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(giv)m(en)h(command)g (line)150 3960 y(argumen)m(ts)25 b(and)g(they)g(all)h(end)e(up)g(in)g Fk(:COMMAND.LINE)e Fs(along)k(with)e(the)h(script's)g(path.)39 b(Exp)s(erimen)m(t.)150 4128 y(If)c(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(y)m(our)f(in) m(terrupt)g(c)m(haracter)i(\(see)f(table)g(b)s(elo)m(w\))g(Logo)g(will) g(stop)f(what)g(it's)h(doing)g(and)150 4237 y(return)d(to)i(top-lev)m (el,)i(as)d(if)g(y)m(ou)g(did)f Fk(THROW)47 b("TOPLEVEL)m Fs(.)52 b(If)33 b(y)m(ou)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(y)m(our)g(quit)g(c)m(haracter)i (Logo)150 4347 y(will)31 b(pause)f(as)g(if)h(y)m(ou)f(did)g Fk(PAUSE)p Fs(.)963 4515 y Fk(wxWidgets)284 b(Unix)333 b(DOS/Windows)235 b(Mac)47 b(Classic)390 4734 y(toplevel)284 b(alt-S)142 b(usually)46 b(ctrl-C)189 b(ctrl-Q)237 b(command-.)45 b(\(period\))390 4953 y(pause)428 b(alt-P)142 b(usually)46 b(ctrl-\\)189 b(ctrl-W)237 b(command-,)45 b(\(comma\))150 5121 y Fs(If)28 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(an)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(called)g Fk(LOGOLIB)e Fs(whose)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)f(the)g(name)h(of)f(a)h(directory)-8 b(,)150 5230 y(then)33 b(Logo)h(will)f(use)g(that)g(directory)g(instead)h(of)f (the)g(default)g(library)-8 b(.)48 b(If)33 b(y)m(ou)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i (a)e(pro)s(cedure)150 5340 y(that)26 b(has)g(not)g(b)s(een)f (de\014ned,)h(Logo)h(\014rst)e(lo)s(oks)h(for)g(a)g(\014le)g(in)g(the)g (curren)m(t)f(directory)i(named)e Fi(proc)p Fk(.lg)p eop end %%Page: 6 19 TeXDict begin 6 18 bop 150 -116 a Fs(6)2596 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(where)d Fl(pro)s(c)32 b Fs(is)27 b(the)g(pro)s(cedure)f(name)h(in)g(lo)m(w)m(er)h(case)g(letters.)41 b(If)27 b(suc)m(h)f(a)i(\014le)f(exists,)i(Logo)f(loads)f(that)150 408 y(\014le.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(missing)f(pro)s(cedure)g(is)g(still)i (unde\014ned,)d(or)i(if)f(there)h(is)f(no)h(suc)m(h)f(\014le,)i(Logo)f (then)f(lo)s(oks)150 518 y(in)e(the)h(library)g(directory)g(for)f(a)i (\014le)e(named)h Fi(proc)e Fs(\(no)i Fk(.lg)p Fs(\))f(and,)h(if)g(it)g (exists,)h(loads)f(it.)46 b(If)31 b(neither)150 628 y(\014le)h(con)m (tains)h(a)f(de\014nition)g(for)g(the)g(pro)s(cedure,)f(then)h(Logo)h (signals)f(an)g(error.)45 b(Sev)m(eral)33 b(pro)s(cedures)150 737 y(that)c(are)g(primitiv)m(e)h(in)e(most)h(v)m(ersions)g(of)g(Logo)h (are)f(included)f(in)g(the)h(default)f(library)-8 b(,)30 b(so)f(if)f(y)m(ou)h(use)150 847 y(a)i(di\013eren)m(t)g(library)f(y)m (ou)g(ma)m(y)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)h(include)e(some)g(or)h(all)g(of)g(the)f (default)h(library)f(in)g(it.)150 1421 y Fr(1.4)68 b(T)-11 b(ok)l(enization)150 1581 y Fs(Names)35 b(of)g(pro)s(cedures,)f(v)-5 b(ariables,)36 b(and)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(lists)h(are)f(case-insensitiv)m (e.)56 b(So)34 b(are)h(the)f(sp)s(ecial)150 1690 y(w)m(ords)c Fk(END)p Fs(,)g Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)f(and)h Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)39 b(Case)31 b(of)f(letters)i(is)e(preserv)m(ed)g(in)g(ev)m(erything)i(y)m (ou)e(t)m(yp)s(e,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)150 1858 y(Within)h(square)f (brac)m(k)m(ets,)j(w)m(ords)d(are)h(delimited)h(only)e(b)m(y)h(spaces)g 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822 y Fh(w)m(ord)390 969 y Fk(WORD)47 b(word1)f(word2)390 1079 y(\(WORD)g(word1)h(word2)f(word3)g(...\))150 1246 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)h(w)m(ord)f(formed)f(b)m(y)i(concatenating)h (its)f(inputs.)150 1444 y Fh(list)390 1591 y Fk(LIST)47 b(thing1)f(thing2)390 1700 y(\(LIST)g(thing1)g(thing2)h(thing3)f(...\)) 150 1868 y Fs(outputs)31 b(a)i(list)f(whose)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(are)h (its)h(inputs,)e(whic)m(h)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(an)m(y)i(Logo)g(datum)e(\(w)m (ord,)i(list,)g(or)150 1977 y(arra)m(y\).)150 2175 y Fh(sen)m(tence)390 2322 y Fk(SENTENCE)46 b(thing1)g(thing2)390 2431 y(SE)h(thing1)f(thing2)390 2541 y(\(SENTENCE)f(thing1)h(thing2)g (thing3)h(...\))390 2650 y(\(SE)g(thing1)f(thing2)g(thing3)g(...\))150 2818 y Fs(outputs)33 b(a)h(list)h(whose)e(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(are)h(its)g (inputs,)g(if)g(those)g(inputs)f(are)h(not)g(lists,)h(or)f(the)g(mem)m (b)s(ers)150 2928 y(of)d(its)f(inputs,)g(if)g(those)h(inputs)e(are)i (lists.)150 3125 y Fh(fput)390 3272 y Fk(FPUT)47 b(thing)f(list)150 3440 y Fs(outputs)c(a)g(list)h(equal)f(to)h(its)f(second)h(input)e (with)g(one)i(extra)g(mem)m(b)s(er,)h(the)e(\014rst)g(input,)i(at)f (the)150 3549 y(b)s(eginning.)56 b(If)36 b(the)g(second)g(input)f(is)g (a)i(w)m(ord,)g(then)e(the)h(\014rst)f(input)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(a)h (one-letter)i(w)m(ord,)150 3659 y(and)30 b(FPUT)g(is)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)31 b(to)g(W)m(ORD.)150 3856 y Fh(lput)390 4003 y Fk(LPUT)47 b(thing)f(list)150 4171 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)g(list)h(equal)f(to)h(its)g(second)f(input)f(with)h(one)g(extra)h (mem)m(b)s(er,)f(the)g(\014rst)g(input,)f(at)i(the)f(end.)150 4280 y(If)g(the)h(second)f(input)f(is)i(a)g(w)m(ord,)f(then)g(the)h (\014rst)e(input)h(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(a)h(one-letter)h(w)m(ord,)e(and)g (LPUT)g(is)150 4390 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(W)m(ORD)g(with)f (its)h(inputs)e(in)h(the)h(other)g(order.)150 4587 y Fh(arra)m(y)390 4734 y Fk(ARRAY)46 b(size)390 4844 y(\(ARRAY)g(size)h (origin\))150 5011 y Fs(outputs)29 b(an)g(arra)m(y)i(of)e Fl(size)36 b Fs(mem)m(b)s(ers)29 b(\(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(a)h(p)s(ositiv)m (e)h(in)m(teger\),)h(eac)m(h)e(of)g(whic)m(h)f(initially)i(is)f(an)150 5121 y(empt)m(y)d(list.)40 b(Arra)m(y)27 b(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(can)h(b)s(e) f(selected)i(with)f Fk(ITEM)e Fs(and)h(c)m(hanged)i(with)e Fk(SETITEM)p Fs(.)37 b(The)27 b(\014rst)150 5230 y(mem)m(b)s(er)36 b(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)h(is)e(mem)m(b)s(er)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(1)i (unless)f(an)h Fl(origin)g Fs(input)f(\(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)g(an)f(in)m (teger\))j(is)150 5340 y(giv)m(en,)30 b(in)e(whic)m(h)h(case)g(the)g (\014rst)f(mem)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(has)g(that)g(n)m(um)m (b)s(er)e(as)i(its)g(index.)39 b(\(T)m(ypically)p eop end %%Page: 10 23 TeXDict begin 10 22 bop 150 -116 a Fs(10)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(0)k(is)h(used)e(as)h(the)h(origin)f(if)g(an)m (ything.\))53 b(Arra)m(ys)34 b(are)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)h Fk(PRINT)f Fs(and)h(friends,)g(and)f(can)i(b)s(e)150 408 y(t)m(yp)s(ed)30 b(in,)g(inside)g(curly)g(braces;)h(indicate)h(an)e (origin)h(with)f Fk({a)47 b(b)h(c}@0)n Fs(.)150 576 y(See)31 b([ITEM],)f(page)h(12,)h(,)f([SETITEM],)e(page)i(12,)h(,)e([PRINT],)h (page)g(19,)h(.)150 762 y Fh(mdarra)m(y)390 909 y Fk(MDARRAY)46 b(sizelist)f(\(library)h(procedure\))390 1018 y(\(MDARRAY)g(sizelist)f (origin\))150 1186 y Fs(outputs)26 b(a)h(m)m(ulti-dimensional)g(arra)m (y)-8 b(.)40 b(The)26 b(\014rst)g(input)f(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e)e(a)i(list)g (of)g(one)g(or)f(more)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)g(in-)150 1295 y(tegers.)39 b(The)23 b(second)g(input,)h(if)f(presen)m(t,)i(m)m(ust)e (b)s(e)f(a)i(single)f(in)m(teger)i(that)f(applies)f(to)h(ev)m(ery)g (dimension)150 1405 y(of)31 b(the)f(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)150 1573 y(Ex:)36 b Fk(\(MDARRAY)45 b([3)i(5])h(0\))20 b Fs(outputs)g(a)h(t)m(w)m(o-dimensional)i(arra)m(y)e(whose)g(mem)m(b)s (ers)f(range)h(from)f Fk([0)48 b(0])150 1682 y Fs(to)31 b Fk([2)47 b(4])p Fs(.)150 1868 y Fh(listtoarra)m(y)390 2015 y Fk(LISTTOARRAY)e(list)390 2124 y(\(LISTTOARRAY)f(list)j (origin\))150 2292 y Fs(outputs)29 b(an)g(arra)m(y)g(of)g(the)h(same)f 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b(a)h(list)g(whose)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(are)i(the)g (mem)m(b)s(ers)e(of)i(the)f(input)g(list,)h(in)f(rev)m(erse)h(order.) 150 4474 y Fh(gensym)390 4621 y Fk(GENSYM)46 b(\(library)g(procedure\)) 150 4789 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)h(unique)e(w)m(ord)h(eac)m(h)i(time)f (it's)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)42 b(The)30 b(w)m(ords)g(are)g(of)h(the)f (form)g Fk(G1)p Fs(,)g Fk(G2)p Fs(,)g(etc.)150 5016 y Fr(2.2)68 b(Data)46 b(Selectors)150 5193 y Fh(\014rst)390 5340 y Fk(FIRST)g(thing)p eop end %%Page: 11 24 TeXDict begin 11 23 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(Data)32 b(Structure)d(Primitiv)m(es)2009 b(11)150 299 y(if)28 b(the)h(input)f(is)g(a)h(w)m(ord,)g(outputs)f(the)h(\014rst)f (c)m(haracter)i(of)e(the)h(w)m(ord.)40 b(If)28 b(the)h(input)e(is)i(a)g (list,)g(outputs)150 408 y(the)k(\014rst)f(mem)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(the)g (list.)48 b(If)33 b(the)g(input)f(is)g(an)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(outputs)f(the)g(origin)g(of)g(the)g(arra)m(y)g(\(that)150 518 y(is,)e(the)f Fg(index)j(of)50 b Fs(the)31 b(\014rst)e(mem)m(b)s (er)h(of)h(the)f(arra)m(y\).)150 761 y Fh(\014rsts)390 908 y Fk(FIRSTS)46 b(list)150 1076 y Fs(outputs)33 b(a)h(list)g(con)m (taining)h(the)e Fk(FIRST)f Fs(of)i(eac)m(h)g(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(the)f (input)g(list.)50 b(It)34 b(is)f(an)g(error)g(if)h(an)m(y)150 1185 y(mem)m(b)s(er)25 b(of)g(the)g(input)f(list)i(is)f(empt)m(y)-8 b(.)40 b(\(The)25 b(input)f(itself)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)27 b(in)e(whic)m(h)g(case)h(the)f(output)150 1295 y(is)30 b(also)i(empt)m(y)-8 b(.\))42 b(This)29 b(could)i(b)s(e)e (written)i(as)390 1462 y Fk(to)47 b(firsts)f(:list)390 1572 y(output)g(map)h("first)f(:list)390 1682 y(end)150 1849 y Fs(but)37 b(is)h(pro)m(vided)f(as)h(a)g(primitiv)m(e)h(in)e (order)h(to)g(sp)s(eed)f(up)g(the)h(iteration)h(to)s(ols)f Fk(MAP)p Fs(,)h Fk(MAP.SE)p Fs(,)g(and)150 1959 y Fk(FOREACH)p Fs(.)390 2127 y Fk(to)47 b(transpose)e(:matrix)390 2236 y(if)i(emptyp)f(first)h(:matrix)e([op)i([]])390 2346 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b(a)h(list)g(con)m(taining)h(the)f Fk(BUTFIRST)e Fs(of)h(eac)m(h)i(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)g(input)e(list.)40 b(It)26 b(is)f(an)h(error)f(if)h(an)m(y)150 4844 y(mem)m(b)s(er)34 b(of)h(the)g(input)f(list)i(is)f(empt)m(y)g(or)g(an)g(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)55 b(\(The)35 b(input)f(itself)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(in)c(whic)m(h)150 4953 y(case)d(the)g(output)f(is)g(also)i (empt)m(y)-8 b(.\))42 b(This)29 b(could)i(b)s(e)e(written)i(as)390 5121 y Fk(to)47 b(butfirsts)e(:list)390 5230 y(output)h(map)h ("butfirst)e(:list)390 5340 y(end)p eop end %%Page: 12 25 TeXDict begin 12 24 bop 150 -116 a Fs(12)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(but)37 b(is)h(pro)m(vided)f(as)h(a)g(primitiv)m (e)h(in)e(order)h(to)g(sp)s(eed)f(up)g(the)h(iteration)h(to)s(ols)f Fk(MAP)p Fs(,)h Fk(MAP.SE)p Fs(,)g(and)150 408 y Fk(FOREACH)p Fs(.)150 576 y(See)31 b([MAP],)g(page)g(77,)h(,)e([MAPdSE],)h(page)g (77,)g(,)g([F)m(OREA)m(CH],)h(page)f(76,)150 768 y Fh(butlast)390 915 y Fk(BUTLAST)46 b(wordorlist)390 1024 y(BL)h(wordorlist)150 1192 y Fs(if)31 b(the)g(input)e(is)i(a)g(w)m(ord,)g(outputs)f(a)h(w)m (ord)f(con)m(taining)j(all)e(but)f(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)g(of)f (the)g(input.)40 b(If)150 1302 y(the)31 b(input)e(is)h(a)h(list,)g (outputs)f(a)h(list)g(con)m(taining)h(all)f(but)f(the)g(last)i(mem)m(b) s(er)d(of)i(the)g(input.)150 1493 y Fh(item)390 1640 y Fk(ITEM)47 b(index)f(thing)150 1808 y Fs(if)38 b(the)f Fl(thing)46 b Fs(is)37 b(a)h(w)m(ord,)h(outputs)f(the)f Fl(index)6 b Fs(th)38 b(c)m(haracter)h(of)e(the)h(w)m(ord.)62 b(If)37 b(the)h Fl(thing)45 b Fs(is)38 b(a)g(list,)150 1917 y(outputs)k(the)h Fl(index)6 b Fs(th)43 b(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(the) f(list.)79 b(If)42 b(the)h Fl(thing)51 b Fs(is)42 b(an)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)47 b(outputs)42 b(the)h Fl(index)6 b Fs(th)150 2027 y(mem)m(b)s(er)28 b(of)g(the)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)41 b Fl(Index)34 b Fs(starts)29 b(at)g(1)g(for)f(w)m(ords)g(and)f(lists;)j(the)f (starting)g(index)f(of)h(an)f(arra)m(y)h(is)150 2136 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(when)f(the)i(arra)m(y)f(is)h(created.)150 2328 y Fh(mditem)390 2475 y Fk(MDITEM)46 b(indexlist)f(array)i (\(library)e(procedure\))150 2643 y Fs(outputs)25 b(the)h(mem)m(b)s(er) f(of)h(the)g(m)m(ultidimensional)g Fl(arra)m(y)34 b Fs(selected)27 b(b)m(y)f(the)g(list)g(of)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e Fl(indexlist)p Fs(.)150 2834 y Fh(pic)m(k)390 2981 y Fk(PICK)47 b(list)f(\(library)g (procedure\))150 3149 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)h(randomly)e(c)m(hosen)i(mem) m(b)s(er)f(of)h(the)f(input)g(list.)150 3340 y Fh(remo)m(v)m(e)390 3487 y Fk(REMOVE)46 b(thing)g(list)h(\(library)f(procedure\))150 3655 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)h(cop)m(y)g(of)f Fl(list)j Fs(with)d(ev)m(ery) h(mem)m(b)s(er)f(equal)h(to)g Fl(thing)38 b Fs(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 3846 y Fh(remdup)390 3993 y Fk(REMDUP)46 b(list)h(\(library)e (procedure\))150 4161 y Fs(outputs)37 b(a)h(cop)m(y)g(of)g Fl(list)i Fs(with)e(duplicate)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)63 b(If)37 b(t)m(w)m(o)i(or)e(more)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)h(the)150 4271 y(input)29 b(are)i(equal,)g(the)g(righ)m(tmost)g(of)g(those)g(mem) m(b)s(ers)e(is)i(the)f(one)h(that)g(remains)f(in)g(the)h(output.)150 4462 y Fh(quoted)390 4609 y Fk(QUOTED)46 b(thing)g(\(library)g (procedure\))150 4777 y Fs(outputs)30 b(its)h(input,)e(if)i(a)f(list;)i (outputs)d(its)i(input)f(with)g(a)h(quotation)g(mark)f(prep)s(ended,)f (if)h(a)h(w)m(ord.)150 5010 y Fr(2.3)68 b(Data)46 b(Mutators)150 5193 y Fh(setitem)390 5340 y Fk(SETITEM)g(index)g(array)h(value)p eop end %%Page: 13 26 TeXDict begin 13 25 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(Data)32 b(Structure)d(Primitiv)m(es)2009 b(13)150 299 y(command.)58 b(Replaces)37 b(the)g Fl(index)6 b Fs(th)35 b(mem)m(b)s(er)h(of)g Fl(arra)m(y)45 b Fs(with)36 b(the)g(new)g Fl(v)-5 b(alue)p Fs(.)58 b(Ensures)35 b(that)i(the)150 408 y(resulting)30 b(arra)m(y)h(is)g(not)f(circular,)h(i.e.,)h Fl(v)-5 b(alue)36 b Fs(ma)m(y)31 b(not)g(b)s(e)e(a)i(list)g(or)g(arra)m (y)f(that)h(con)m(tains)h Fl(arra)m(y)p Fs(.)150 613 y Fh(mdsetitem)390 760 y Fk(MDSETITEM)45 b(indexlist)h(array)g(value)g (\(library)g(procedure\))150 927 y Fs(command.)40 b(Replaces)32 b(the)f(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)i Fl(arra)m(y)39 b Fs(c)m(hosen)30 b(b)m(y)h Fl(indexlist)h Fs(with)e(the)h(new)f Fl(v)-5 b(alue)p Fs(.)150 1132 y Fh(.set\014rst)390 1279 y Fk(.SETFIRST)45 b(list)i(value)150 1446 y Fs(command.)40 b(Changes)31 b(the)f(\014rst)g(mem)m(b)s(er)g(of)g Fl(list)j Fs(to)e(b)s(e)f Fl(v)-5 b(alue)p Fs(.)150 1614 y(W)-10 b(ARNING:)31 b(Primitiv)m(es)f (whose)g(names)f(start)h(with)f(a)h(p)s(erio)s(d)f(are)g Fj(dangerous)p Fs(.)41 b(Their)29 b(use)g(b)m(y)g(non-)150 1724 y(exp)s(erts)39 b(is)h(not)g(recommended.)68 b(The)39 b(use)g(of)h Fk(.SETFIRST)d Fs(can)j(lead)g(to)g(circular)g(list)g (structures,)150 1833 y(whic)m(h)28 b(will)g(get)h(some)f(Logo)h (primitiv)m(es)f(in)m(to)h(in\014nite)f(lo)s(ops,)g(and)f(to)i(unexp)s (ected)e(c)m(hanges)i(to)g(other)150 1943 y(data)i(structures)f(that)h (share)f(storage)i(with)e(the)g(list)h(b)s(eing)f(mo)s(di\014ed.)150 2147 y Fh(.setbf)390 2294 y Fk(.SETBF)46 b(list)h(value)150 2462 y Fs(command.)40 b(Changes)31 b(the)f(but\014rst)f(of)i Fl(list)i Fs(to)e(b)s(e)f Fl(v)-5 b(alue)p Fs(.)150 2629 y(W)-10 b(ARNING:)46 b(Primitiv)m(es)f(whose)f(names)h(start)g(with)f (a)h(p)s(erio)s(d)e(are)h Fj(dangerous)p Fs(.)83 b(Their)44 b(use)g(b)m(y)150 2739 y(non-exp)s(erts)37 b(is)g(not)h(recommended.)61 b(The)37 b(use)g(of)g Fk(.SETBF)f Fs(can)i(lead)f(to)i(circular)e(list) h(structures,)150 2848 y(whic)m(h)33 b(will)i(get)f(some)h(Logo)g (primitiv)m(es)f(in)m(to)h(in\014nite)e(lo)s(ops;)j(unexp)s(ected)d(c)m (hanges)i(to)f(other)g(data)150 2958 y(structures)23 b(that)h(share)f(storage)i(with)e(the)h(list)g(b)s(eing)f(mo)s (di\014ed;)i(or)f(to)g(Logo)h(crashes)e(and)g(coredumps)150 3068 y(if)30 b(the)h(but\014rst)e(of)h(a)h(list)g(is)g(not)f(itself)h (a)g(list.)150 3272 y Fh(.setitem)390 3419 y Fk(.SETITEM)46 b(index)g(array)g(value)150 3587 y Fs(command.)54 b(Changes)34 b(the)h Fl(index)6 b Fs(th)35 b(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)h Fl(arra)m(y)43 b Fs(to)36 b(b)s(e)e Fl(v)-5 b(alue)p Fs(,)37 b(lik)m(e)f Fk(SETITEM)p Fs(,)e(but)g(without)150 3696 y(c)m(hec)m(king)e(for)e (circularit)m(y)-8 b(.)150 3864 y(W)e(ARNING:)31 b(Primitiv)m(es)f (whose)g(names)f(start)h(with)f(a)h(p)s(erio)s(d)f(are)g Fj(dangerous)p Fs(.)41 b(Their)29 b(use)g(b)m(y)g(non-)150 3973 y(exp)s(erts)34 b(is)g(not)g(recommended.)51 b(The)33 b(use)h(of)g Fk(.SETITEM)e Fs(can)i(lead)g(to)h(circular)f(arra)m(ys,)i (whic)m(h)e(will)150 4083 y(get)e(some)e(Logo)i(primitiv)m(es)f(in)m (to)g(in\014nite)f(lo)s(ops.)150 4251 y(See)h([SETITEM],)e(page)j(12.) 150 4455 y Fh(push)390 4602 y Fk(PUSH)47 b(stackname)e(thing)h (\(library)g(procedure\))150 4770 y Fs(command.)67 b(Adds)38 b(the)i Fl(thing)47 b Fs(to)40 b(the)f(stac)m(k)i(that)f(is)f(the)h(v) -5 b(alue)40 b(of)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(whose)g(name)f(is)150 4879 y Fl(stac)m(kname)p Fs(.)i(This)26 b(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(m)m(ust)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)g(list)g(as)g(its)g(v)-5 b(alue;)28 b(the)e(initial)i(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(should)e(b)s(e)h(the)h(empt)m(y)150 4989 y(list.)41 b(New)31 b(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(are)g(added)g(at)h(the)g (fron)m(t)f(of)h(the)f(list.)150 5193 y Fh(p)s(op)390 5340 y Fk(POP)47 b(stackname)e(\(library)h(procedure\))p eop end %%Page: 14 27 TeXDict begin 14 26 bop 150 -116 a Fs(14)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(outputs)39 b(the)h(most)g(recen)m(tly)h Fk(PUSH)p Fs(ed)d(mem)m(b)s(er)h(of)h(the)g(stac)m(k)h(that)f(is)g(the) f(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(of)e(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)150 408 y(whose)30 b(name)h(is)f Fl(stac)m(kname)37 b Fs(and)30 b(remo)m(v)m(es)i(that)f(mem)m(b)s(er)e(from)h(the)h(stac)m(k.)150 608 y Fh(queue)390 755 y Fk(QUEUE)46 b(queuename)g(thing)g(\(library)g (procedure\))150 923 y Fs(command.)63 b(Adds)36 b(the)i Fl(thing)46 b Fs(to)38 b(the)g(queue)g(that)g(is)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)g(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(whose)e(name)h(is)150 1033 y Fl(queuename)p Fs(.)h(This)23 b(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(m)m(ust)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)f(list)g(as)g(its)g(v)-5 b(alue;)27 b(the)e(initial)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(should)f(b)s(e)g(the)h(empt)m(y)150 1142 y(list.)41 b(New)31 b(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(are)g(added)g(at)h(the)g (bac)m(k)g(of)f(the)h(list.)150 1342 y Fh(dequeue)390 1489 y Fk(DEQUEUE)46 b(queuename)f(\(library)h(procedure\))150 1657 y Fs(outputs)37 b(the)i(least)g(recen)m(tly)g Fk(QUEUE)p Fs(d)d(mem)m(b)s(er)i(of)g(the)g(queue)g(that)g(is)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(of)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)150 1766 y(whose)30 b(name)h(is)f Fl(queuename)35 b Fs(and)30 b(remo)m(v)m(es)i(that)f(mem) m(b)s(er)f(from)f(the)i(queue.)150 2008 y Fr(2.4)68 b(Predicates)150 2200 y Fh(w)m(ordp)390 2347 y Fk(WORDP)46 b(thing)390 2456 y(WORD?)g(thing)150 2624 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is)i(a)g(w)m(ord,)f Fk(FALSE)f Fs(otherwise.)150 2824 y Fh(listp)390 2971 y Fk(LISTP)46 b(thing)390 3081 y(LIST?)g(thing)150 3248 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is)i(a)g(list,)g Fk(FALSE)e Fs(otherwise.)150 3448 y Fh(arra)m(yp)390 3595 y Fk(ARRAYP)46 b(thing)390 3705 y(ARRAY?)g(thing)150 3872 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is)i(an)f(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b Fk(FALSE)d Fs(otherwise.)150 4072 y Fh(empt)m(yp)390 4219 y Fk(EMPTYP)46 b(thing)390 4329 y(EMPTY?)g(thing)150 4497 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is)i(the)f(empt) m(y)h(w)m(ord)f(or)g(the)h(empt)m(y)g(list,)g Fk(FALSE)e Fs(otherwise.)150 4697 y Fh(equalp)390 4844 y Fk(EQUALP)46 b(thing1)g(thing2)390 4953 y(EQUAL?)g(thing1)g(thing2)390 5063 y(thing1)g(=)i(thing2)150 5230 y Fs(outputs)41 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)i(the)f(inputs)g(are)g(equal,)k Fk(FALSE)40 b Fs(otherwise.)75 b(Tw)m(o)42 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(are)h(equal)h(if)g (they)150 5340 y(ha)m(v)m(e)35 b(the)e(same)h(n)m(umeric)f(v)-5 b(alue.)50 b(Tw)m(o)33 b(non-n)m(umeric)g(w)m(ords)g(are)h(equal)g(if)f (they)g(con)m(tain)i(the)f(same)p eop end %%Page: 15 28 TeXDict begin 15 27 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(Data)32 b(Structure)d(Primitiv)m(es)2009 b(15)150 299 y(c)m(haracters)39 b(in)e(the)g(same)h(order.)61 b(If)37 b(there)h(is)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(named)f Fk(CASEIGNOREDP)d Fs(whose)j(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(is)150 408 y Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)23 b(then)f(an)h(upp)s(er)d(case)k(letter)g(is)e(considered)h(the)f(same)h (as)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)e(lo)m(w)m(er)j(case)f(letter.)150 518 y(\(This)33 b(is)h(the)g(case)h(b)m(y)e(default.\))51 b(Tw)m(o)34 b(lists)g(are)h(equal)f(if)f(their)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(are)h (equal.)51 b(An)34 b(arra)m(y)g(is)150 628 y(only)k(equal)h(to)f (itself;)43 b(t)m(w)m(o)d(separately)f(created)g(arra)m(ys)g(are)f(nev) m(er)g(equal)h(ev)m(en)g(if)f(their)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)150 737 y(are)e(equal.)57 b(\(It)36 b(is)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)g(to)g(b)s(e)f (able)i(to)f(kno)m(w)g(if)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(expressions)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the) e(same)i(arra)m(y)f(as)150 847 y(their)c(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(b)s(ecause)g(arra)m(ys)f(are)h(m)m(utable;)i(if,)e(for)f(example,)i (t)m(w)m(o)f(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(same)f(arra)m(y) 150 956 y(as)f(their)f(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(then)f(p)s(erforming)f Fk(SETITEM)f Fs(on)j(one)f(of)h(them)f(will)h(also)g(c)m(hange)h(the)e (other.\))150 1124 y(See)h([CASEIGNOREDP],)f(page)h(89,)h(,)e ([SETITEM],)g(page)h(12,)150 1381 y Fh(notequalp)390 1528 y Fk(NOTEQUALP)45 b(thing1)h(thing2)390 1638 y(NOTEQUAL?)f(thing1) h(thing2)390 1748 y(thing1)g(<>)h(thing2)150 1915 y Fs(outputs)42 b Fk(FALSE)e Fs(if)i(the)g(inputs)f(are)i(equal,)j Fk(TRUE)41 b Fs(otherwise.)76 b(See)42 b Fk(EQUALP)e Fs(for)i(the)g(meaning)h(of) 150 2025 y(equalit)m(y)32 b(for)e(di\013eren)m(t)h(data)g(t)m(yp)s(es.) 150 2282 y Fh(b)s(eforep)390 2429 y Fk(BEFOREP)46 b(word1)g(word2)390 2539 y(BEFORE?)g(word1)g(word2)150 2707 y Fs(outputs)24 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)i Fl(w)m(ord1)32 b Fs(comes)25 b(b)s(efore)f Fl(w)m(ord2)32 b Fs(in)24 b(ASCI)s(I)f(collating)k(sequence)e(\(for)g (w)m(ords)f(of)h(letters,)150 2816 y(in)31 b(alphab)s(etical)h (order\).)42 b(Case-sensitivit)m(y)33 b(is)d(determined)h(b)m(y)g(the)g (v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g Fk(CASEIGNOREDP)p Fs(.)39 b(Note)150 2926 y(that)29 b(if)f(the)g(inputs)f(are)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)f(the)i (result)f(ma)m(y)g(not)h(b)s(e)e(the)h(same)h(as)f(with)g Fk(LESSP)p Fs(;)f(for)h(example,)150 3035 y Fk(BEFOREP)46 b(3)h(12)30 b Fs(is)g(false)h(b)s(ecause)g(3)g(collates)h(after)f(1.) 150 3203 y(See)g([CASEIGNOREDP],)f(page)h(89,)h(,)e([LESSP],)g(page)h (32,)150 3460 y Fh(.eq)390 3607 y Fk(.EQ)47 b(thing1)f(thing2)150 3775 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(its)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(inputs)c (are)j(the)f(same)g(datum,)g(so)g(that)h(applying)f(a)g(m)m(utator)h (to)f(one)h(will)150 3885 y(c)m(hange)g(the)e(other)h(as)f(w)m(ell.)42 b(Outputs)29 b Fk(FALSE)g Fs(otherwise,)i(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(inputs)e (are)i(equal)g(in)f(v)-5 b(alue.)150 4052 y(W)-10 b(ARNING:)31 b(Primitiv)m(es)f(whose)g(names)f(start)h(with)f(a)h(p)s(erio)s(d)f (are)g Fj(dangerous)p Fs(.)41 b(Their)29 b(use)g(b)m(y)g(non-)150 4162 y(exp)s(erts)40 b(is)h(not)g(recommended.)72 b(The)40 b(use)g(of)h(m)m(utators)h(can)f(lead)g(to)h(circular)f(data)g (structures,)150 4271 y(in\014nite)30 b(lo)s(ops,)h(or)f(Logo)i (crashes.)150 4529 y Fh(mem)m(b)s(erp)390 4676 y Fk(MEMBERP)46 b(thing1)g(thing2)390 4785 y(MEMBER?)g(thing1)g(thing2)150 4953 y Fs(if)25 b Fl(thing2)32 b Fs(is)24 b(a)h(list)h(or)e(an)h(arra)m (y)-8 b(,)26 b(outputs)e Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)g Fl(thing1)33 b Fs(is)24 b Fk(EQUALP)f Fs(to)i(a)g(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)h Fl(thing2)p Fs(,)h Fk(FALSE)150 5063 y Fs(otherwise.)42 b(If)30 b Fl(thing2)38 b Fs(is)31 b(a)g(w)m(ord,)f(outputs)g Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)g Fl(thing1)39 b Fs(is)30 b(a)h(one-c)m(haracter)i(w)m (ord)d Fk(EQUALP)f Fs(to)j(a)150 5172 y(c)m(haracter)g(of)f Fl(thing2)p Fs(,)g Fk(FALSE)e Fs(otherwise.)150 5340 y(See)i([EQUALP],)f(page)h(14,)h(.)p eop end %%Page: 16 29 TeXDict begin 16 28 bop 150 -116 a Fs(16)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y Fh(substringp)390 446 y Fk(SUBSTRINGP)45 b(thing1)h(thing2)390 555 y(SUBSTRING?)f(thing1)h(thing2)150 723 y Fs(if)33 b Fl(thing1)40 b Fs(or)33 b Fl(thing2)41 b Fs(is)33 b(a)g(list)h(or)e(an)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b(outputs)d Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)47 b(If)33 b Fl(thing2)40 b Fs(is)33 b(a)g(w)m(ord,)h(outputs)e Fk(TRUE)150 833 y Fs(if)e Fl(thing1)38 b Fs(is)31 b Fk(EQUALP)d Fs(to)k(a)e(substring)g (of)g Fl(thing2)p Fs(,)h Fk(FALSE)e Fs(otherwise.)150 1000 y(See)i([EQUALP],)f(page)h(14,)h(.)150 1217 y Fh(n)m(um)m(b)s(erp) 390 1364 y Fk(NUMBERP)46 b(thing)390 1474 y(NUMBER?)g(thing)150 1641 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is)i(a)g(n)m(um) m(b)s(er,)e Fk(FALSE)g Fs(otherwise.)150 1858 y Fh(vbarredp)390 2005 y Fk(VBARREDP)46 b(char)390 2114 y(VBARRED?)g(char)390 2224 y(BACKSLASHEDP)e(char)1479 b(\(library)45 b(procedure\))390 2334 y(BACKSLASHED?)f(char)1479 b(\(library)45 b(procedure\))150 2501 y Fs(outputs)25 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(the)g(input)f(c)m(haracter)j (w)m(as)e(originally)h(en)m(tered)g(in)m(to)g(Logo)g(within)e(v)m (ertical)j(bars)e(\()p Fk(|)p Fs(\))150 2611 y(to)31 b(prev)m(en)m(t)f(its)h(usual)e(sp)s(ecial)i(syn)m(tactic)h(meaning,)e Fk(FALSE)f Fs(otherwise.)41 b(\(Outputs)29 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(only)h(if)g(the)150 2721 y(c)m(haracter)i(is)e(a)h(bac)m(kslashed)g (space,)g(tab,)g(newline,)g(or)f(one)h(of)f Fk(\(\)[]+-*/=<>":;\\~?|)c Fs(\))150 2888 y(The)f(names)g Fk(BACKSLASHEDP)d Fs(and)j Fk(BACKSLASHED?)d Fs(are)j(included)g(in)g(the)g(Logo)i(library)d(for)h (bac)m(kw)m(ard)150 2998 y(compatibilit)m(y)k(with)d(the)h(former)f (names)g(of)h(this)f(primitiv)m(e,)j(although)e(it)g(do)s(es)f Fg(not)36 b Fs(output)26 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(for)150 3107 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(originally)g(en)m(tered)f(with)f(bac)m(kslashes.) 150 3374 y Fr(2.5)68 b(Queries)150 3583 y Fh(coun)m(t)390 3729 y Fk(COUNT)46 b(thing)150 3897 y Fs(outputs)31 b(the)h(n)m(um)m(b) s(er)e(of)i(c)m(haracters)h(in)e(the)h(input,)f(if)h(the)g(input)f(is)g (a)h(w)m(ord;)g(outputs)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)150 4007 y(of)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(in)g(the)g(input,)g(if)h(it)f(is)h(a)f(list)h (or)f(an)g(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)51 b(\(F)-8 b(or)34 b(an)f(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b(this)e(ma)m(y)h(or)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(b)s(e)150 4116 y(the)d(index)f(of)g(the)h(last)g(mem)m(b)s(er,)f(dep)s(ending)f (on)h(the)h(arra)m(y's)g(origin.\))150 4333 y Fh(ascii)390 4480 y Fk(ASCII)46 b(char)150 4648 y Fs(outputs)32 b(the)h(in)m(teger)h (\(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(0)f(and)f(255\))i(that)f(represen)m(ts)g(the)f (input)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)f(the)f(ASCI)s(I)150 4757 y(co)s(de.)61 b(In)m(terprets)37 b(con)m(trol)h(c)m(haracters)h(as)e (represen)m(ting)h(vbarred)e(punctuation,)i(and)f(returns)f(the)150 4867 y(c)m(haracter)23 b(co)s(de)f(for)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e (punctuation)h(c)m(haracter)j(without)d(v)m(ertical)j(bars.)37 b(\(Compare)150 4976 y Fk(RAWASCII)p Fs(.\))150 5193 y Fh(ra)m(w)m(ascii)390 5340 y Fk(RAWASCII)46 b(char)p eop end %%Page: 17 30 TeXDict begin 17 29 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(Data)32 b(Structure)d(Primitiv)m(es)2009 b(17)150 299 y(outputs)32 b(the)h(in)m(teger)h(\(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(0)f(and)f(255\)) i(that)f(represen)m(ts)g(the)f(input)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)f(the)f(ASCI)s (I)150 408 y(co)s(de.)40 b(In)m(terprets)29 b(con)m(trol)h(c)m (haracters)h(as)e(represen)m(ting)g(themselv)m(es.)41 b(T)-8 b(o)30 b(\014nd)d(out)i(the)g(ASCI)s(I)f(co)s(de)150 518 y(of)j(an)f(arbitrary)g(k)m(eystrok)m(e,)i(use)f Fk(RAWASCII)45 b(RC)p Fs(.)150 727 y Fh(c)m(har)390 874 y Fk(CHAR)i(int)150 1041 y Fs(outputs)24 b(the)h(c)m(haracter)i (represen)m(ted)e(in)f(the)h(ASCI)s(I)e(co)s(de)i(b)m(y)g(the)g(input,) g(whic)m(h)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(an)h(in)m(teger)150 1151 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)31 b(0)g(and)f(255.)150 1319 y(See)h([ASCI)s(I],)e (page)i(16,)h(.)150 1527 y Fh(mem)m(b)s(er)390 1674 y Fk(MEMBER)46 b(thing1)g(thing2)150 1842 y Fs(if)28 b Fl(thing2)35 b Fs(is)28 b(a)h(w)m(ord)e(or)h(list)h(and)e(if)h Fk(MEMBERP)e Fs(with)h(these)i(inputs)e(w)m(ould)g(output)h Fk(TRUE)p 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3561 y Fk(READWORD)390 3671 y(RW)150 3839 y Fs(reads)h(a)h(line)g(from)f(the)g(read)g(stream)h(and) f(outputs)g(that)h(line)f(as)h(a)g(w)m(ord.)46 b(The)32 b(output)g(is)h(a)f(single)150 3948 y(w)m(ord)37 b(ev)m(en)h(if)g(the)g (line)f(con)m(tains)i(spaces,)h(brac)m(k)m(ets,)h(etc.)64 b(If)37 b(the)g(read)h(stream)g(is)f(a)h(\014le,)i(and)d(the)150 4058 y(end)e(of)h(\014le)g(is)g(reac)m(hed,)i Fk(READWORD)c Fs(outputs)h(the)h(empt)m(y)h(list)f(\(not)h(the)f(empt)m(y)g(w)m (ord\).)57 b Fk(READWORD)150 4167 y Fs(pro)s(cesses)37 b(bac)m(kslash,)j(v)m(ertical)g(bar,)e(and)f(tilde)h(c)m(haracters)h (in)e(the)g(read)g(stream.)62 b(In)37 b(the)g(case)i(of)150 4277 y(a)34 b(tilde)h(used)e(for)h(line)g(con)m(tin)m(uation,)k(the)c (output)f(w)m(ord)h Fg(do)-5 b(es)43 b Fs(include)33 b(the)i(tilde)f(and)g(the)g(newline)150 4387 y(c)m(haracters,)i(so)d (that)h(the)f(user)f(program)h(can)h(tell)g(exactly)h(what)e(the)g (user)g(en)m(tered.)49 b(V)-8 b(ertical)36 b(bars)150 4496 y(in)c(the)g(line)g(are)h(also)g(preserv)m(ed)e(in)h(the)g (output.)46 b(Bac)m(kslash)33 b(c)m(haracters)h(are)e(not)g(preserv)m (ed)g(in)g(the)150 4606 y(output.)150 4806 y Fh(readra)m(wline)390 4953 y Fk(READRAWLINE)150 5121 y Fs(reads)g(a)h(line)g(from)f(the)g (read)g(stream)h(and)f(outputs)g(that)h(line)f(as)h(a)g(w)m(ord.)46 b(The)32 b(output)g(is)h(a)f(single)150 5230 y(w)m(ord)c(ev)m(en)h(if)g (the)g(line)g(con)m(tains)g(spaces,)h(brac)m(k)m(ets,)h(etc.)41 b(If)28 b(the)h(read)f(stream)h(is)g(a)g(\014le,)g(and)f(the)h(end)150 5340 y(of)f(\014le)h(is)f(reac)m(hed,)i Fk(READRAWLINE)25 b Fs(outputs)j(the)g(empt)m(y)h(list)g(\(not)g(the)f(empt)m(y)h(w)m (ord\).)40 b Fk(READRAWLINE)p eop end %%Page: 21 34 TeXDict begin 21 33 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Comm)m(unication)2416 b(21)150 299 y(outputs)32 b(the)h(exact)h (string)f(of)g(c)m(haracters)h(as)f(they)g(app)s(ear)f(in)g(the)h (line,)h(with)f(no)f(sp)s(ecial)i(meaning)150 408 y(for)c(bac)m (kslash,)h(v)m(ertical)i(bar,)d(tilde,)h(or)g(an)m(y)f(other)h (formatting)g(c)m(haracters.)150 576 y(See)g([READ)m(W)m(ORD],)i(page)e (20,)g(.)150 803 y Fh(readc)m(har)390 950 y Fk(READCHAR)390 1059 y(RC)150 1227 y Fs(reads)f(a)g(single)h(c)m(haracter)g(from)f(the) g(read)g(stream)g(and)g(outputs)f(that)i(c)m(haracter)g(as)g(a)f(w)m (ord.)40 b(If)30 b(the)150 1337 y(read)25 b(stream)g(is)g(a)g(\014le,)h (and)e(the)h(end)f(of)h(\014le)g(is)g(reac)m(hed,)i Fk(READCHAR)22 b Fs(outputs)j(the)g(empt)m(y)g(list)g(\(not)h(the)150 1446 y(empt)m(y)34 b(w)m(ord\).)52 b(If)33 b(the)h(read)g(stream)g(is)g (the)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard,)h(ec)m(hoing)g(is)f(turned)f(o\013)h(when)f Fk(READCHAR)f Fs(is)150 1556 y(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)26 b(and)d(remains)f (o\013)i(un)m(til)f Fk(READLIST)e Fs(or)i Fk(READWORD)d Fs(is)j(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(or)e(a)g(Logo)h(prompt)e(is)h(prin)m(ted.) 150 1665 y(Bac)m(kslash,)32 b(v)m(ertical)h(bar,)d(and)g(tilde)h(c)m 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(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)g(in)150 3032 y(this)g(con)m(text.)150 3200 y(See)h([READLIST],)f(page)h(20,)g(,)g([READ)m(W)m(ORD],)i(page)e (20,)150 3426 y Fh(shell)390 3573 y Fk(SHELL)46 b(command)390 3683 y(\(SHELL)g(command)g(wordflag\))150 3851 y Fs(Under)31 b(Unix,)h(outputs)g(the)g(result)g(of)g(running)e Fl(command)35 b Fs(as)d(a)g(shell)g(command.)45 b(\(The)32 b(command)150 3960 y(is)e(sen)m(t)h(to)g(`)p Fk(/bin/sh)p Fs(',)e(not)h(`)p Fk(csh)p Fs(')g(or)g(other)g(alternativ)m(es.\))43 b(If)30 b(the)g(command)g(is)g(a)h(literal)g(list)g(in)f(the)150 4070 y(instruction)e(line,)h(and)e(if)h(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)f(a)h(bac)m (kslash)f(c)m(haracter)i(sen)m(t)e(to)h(the)f(shell,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m (ust)g(use)g Fk(\\\\)f Fs(to)150 4179 y(get)h(the)f(bac)m(kslash)h (through)e(Logo's)i(reader)f(in)m(tact.)41 b(The)27 b(output)f(is)h(a)g (list)h(con)m(taining)g(one)g(mem)m(b)s(er)150 4289 y(for)f(eac)m(h)i (line)f(generated)h(b)m(y)e(the)h(shell)g(command.)39 b(Ordinarily)27 b(eac)m(h)i(suc)m(h)e(line)h(is)g(represen)m(ted)f(b)m (y)h(a)150 4399 y(list)i(in)g(the)g(output,)g(as)g(though)f(the)h(line) g(w)m(ere)g(read)g(using)f Fk(READLIST)p Fs(.)39 b(If)29 b(a)h(second)g(input)f(is)h(giv)m(en,)150 4508 y(regardless)39 b(of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)h(the)f(input,)i(eac)m(h)f(line)g(is)f (represen)m(ted)h(b)m(y)f(a)g(w)m(ord)g(in)g(the)h(output)f(as)150 4618 y(though)30 b(it)h(w)m(ere)g(read)f(with)g Fk(READWORD)p Fs(.)39 b(Example:)390 4785 y Fk(to)47 b(dayofweek)390 4895 y(output)f(first)g(first)h(shell)f([date])390 5005 y(end)150 5172 y Fs(This)26 b(is)i Fk(first)g(first)e Fs(to)i(extract)h(the)e(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)h(of)g(the)h(\014rst)e(\(and) h(only\))h(line)f(of)g(the)h(shell)f(output.)150 5340 y(Under)j(MacOS)g(X,)h Fk(SHELL)e Fs(w)m(orks)h(as)h(under)e(Unix.)40 b Fk(SHELL)29 b Fs(is)i(not)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(under)c(Mac)i (Classic.)p eop end %%Page: 22 35 TeXDict begin 22 34 bop 150 -116 a Fs(22)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(Under)f(DOS,)g Fk(SHELL)f Fs(is)i(a)g(command,)g (not)f(an)h(op)s(eration;)g(it)h(sends)d(its)i(input)f(to)h(a)g(DOS)f (command)150 408 y(pro)s(cessor)h(but)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(collect)j(the)e (result)f(of)h(the)f(command.)150 576 y(Under)d(Windo)m(ws,)i(the)g (wxWidgets)g(v)m(ersion)g(of)f(Logo)h(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(as)g(under)d (Unix)j(\(except)g(that)g(DOS-)150 686 y(st)m(yle)43 b(commands)f(are)h(understo)s(o)s(d;)k(use)41 b Fk(dir)h Fs(rather)g(than)g Fk(ls)p Fs(\).)76 b(The)42 b(non-wxWidgets)g(v)m (ersion)150 795 y(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)31 b(lik)m(e)h(the)e(DOS)g(v)m (ersion.)150 1050 y Fr(3.3)68 b(File)46 b(Access)150 1250 y Fh(setpre\014x)390 1397 y Fk(SETPREFIX)f(string)150 1565 y Fs(command.)38 b(Sets)23 b(a)h(pre\014x)e(that)i(will)g(b)s(e)e (used)h(as)g(the)h(implicit)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)i(\014lenames)f(in)g Fk(OPENREAD)p Fs(,)150 1675 y Fk(OPENWRITE)p Fs(,)g Fk(OPENAPPEND)p Fs(,)g Fk(OPENUPDATE)p Fs(,)g Fk(LOAD)p Fs(,)i(and)f Fk(SAVE)f Fs(commands.)39 b(Logo)25 b(will)g(put)f(the)g(appro-)150 1784 y(priate)33 b(separator)h(c)m(haracter)g(\(slash)f(for)g(Unix,)g (bac)m(kslash)h(for)e(DOS/Windo)m(ws,)i(colon)g(for)f(MacOS)150 1894 y(Classic\))f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)g(pre\014x)e(and)h(the)h (\014lename)g(en)m(tered)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(user.)40 b(The)30 b(input)g(to)h Fk(SETPREFIX)150 2003 y Fs(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(a)h(w)m (ord,)f(unless)g(it)h(is)f(the)h(empt)m(y)f(list,)i(to)f(indicate)g (that)g(there)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(no)g(pre\014x.)150 2171 y(See)50 b([OPENREAD],)g(page)h(22,)56 b(,)e(See)c([OPENWRITE],)g(page) h(22,)k(,)g(See)50 b([OPENAPPEND],)150 2281 y(page)31 b(23,)h(,)e(See)h([OPENUPD)m(A)-8 b(TE],)32 b(page)f(23,)g(,)g(See)f ([LO)m(AD],)i(page)f(63,)h(,)e(See)h([SA)-10 b(VE],)30 b(page)i(62,)f(.)150 2489 y Fh(pre\014x)390 2636 y Fk(PREFIX)150 2804 y Fs(outputs)f(the)g(curren)m(t)h(\014le)f(pre\014x,)g(or)g([])h (if)f(there)h(is)f(no)g(pre\014x.)150 2972 y(See)h([SETPREFIX],)f(page) h(22,)g(.)150 3180 y Fh(op)s(enread)390 3327 y Fk(OPENREAD)46 b(filename)150 3495 y Fs(command.)39 b(Op)s(ens)26 b(the)h(named)g (\014le)g(for)g(reading.)40 b(The)26 b(read)h(p)s(osition)h(is)f (initially)h(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)150 3605 y(of)j(the)f(\014le.)150 3813 y Fh(op)s(en)m(write)390 3960 y Fk(OPENWRITE)45 b(filename)150 4128 y Fs(command.)50 b(Op)s(ens)32 b(the)i(named)f (\014le)h(for)f(writing.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(\014le)g(already)g (existed,)h(the)f(old)g(v)m(ersion)g(is)150 4237 y(deleted)d(and)f(a)h (new,)f(empt)m(y)h(\014le)f(created.)150 4405 y Fk(OPENWRITE)p Fs(,)41 b(but)g(not)g(the)g(other)g Fk(OPEN)f Fs(v)-5 b(arian)m(ts,)45 b(will)c(accept)i(as)e(input)f(a)h(t)m(w)m(o-elemen)m (t)k(list,)f(in)150 4515 y(whic)m(h)26 b(the)h(\014rst)f(elemen)m(t)j (m)m(ust)d(b)s(e)g(a)i(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(name,)h(and)e(the)h(second)g (m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(a)i(p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(in)m(teger.)150 4624 y(A)i(c)m(haracter)i(bu\013er)d(of)h(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(size)h (will)f(b)s(e)g(created.)41 b(When)29 b(a)g Fk(SETWRITE)e Fs(is)i(done)g(with)g(this)150 4734 y(same)i(list)g(\(in)f(the)h(sense) f(of)h(.EQ,)f(not)h(a)f(cop)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(so)f(y)m(ou)g(m)m(ust)f(do) g(something)h(lik)m(e)390 4902 y Fk(?)47 b(make)g("buf)g([foo)f(100]) 390 5011 y(?)h(openwrite)f(:buf)390 5121 y(?)h(setwrite)f(:buf)581 5230 y([...])390 5340 y(?)h(close)g(:buf)p eop end %%Page: 23 36 TeXDict begin 23 35 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Comm)m(unication)2416 b(23)150 299 y(and)30 b(not)g(just)390 467 y Fk(?)47 b(openwrite)f([foo)g(100])390 576 y(?)h(setwrite)f([foo)h (100])150 744 y Fs(and)31 b(so)h(on\),)g(the)g(prin)m(ted)f(c)m (haracters)i(are)f(stored)g(in)f(the)h(bu\013er;)g(when)e(a)i Fk(CLOSE)e Fs(is)i(done)f(with)h(the)150 853 y(same)f(list)h(as)f (input,)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)h(from)e(the)h(bu\013er)f(\(treated)i(as) f(one)g(long)h(w)m(ord,)e(ev)m(en)i(if)f(spaces)150 963 y(and)f(newlines)g(are)h(included\))f(b)s(ecome)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 1167 y Fh(op)s(enapp)s(end)390 1314 y Fk(OPENAPPEND)45 b(filename)150 1482 y Fs(command.)40 b(Op)s(ens)29 b(the)i(named)e (\014le)i(for)f(writing.)40 b(If)30 b(the)g(\014le)h(already)g(exists,) g(the)f(write)h(p)s(osition)f(is)150 1592 y(initially)i(set)f(to)g(the) f(end)g(of)h(the)f(old)h(\014le,)g(so)f(that)h(newly)f(written)h(data)g (will)f(b)s(e)g(app)s(ended)f(to)i(it.)150 1796 y Fh(op)s(en)m(up)s (date)390 1943 y Fk(OPENUPDATE)45 b(filename)150 2110 y Fs(command.)54 b(Op)s(ens)33 b(the)i(named)f(\014le)h(for)g(reading)g (and)f(writing.)54 b(The)34 b(read)h(and)f(write)h(p)s(osition)g(is)150 2220 y(initially)j(set)e(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)g(old)g(\014le,)i (if)e(an)m(y)-8 b(.)59 b(Note:)53 b(eac)m(h)38 b(op)s(en)d(\014le)h (has)g(only)g(one)h(p)s(osition,)150 2330 y(for)29 b(b)s(oth)f(reading) h(and)f(writing.)40 b(If)29 b(a)g(\014le)g(op)s(ened)f(for)h(up)s(date) f(is)g(b)s(oth)h Fk(READER)e Fs(and)h Fk(WRITER)f Fs(at)j(the)150 2439 y(same)d(time,)h(then)d Fk(SETREADPOS)f Fs(will)i(also)h(a\013ect) h Fk(WRITEPOS)c Fs(and)i(vice)h(v)m(ersa.)40 b(Also,)28 b(if)e(y)m(ou)g(alternate)150 2549 y(reading)33 b(and)f(writing)h(the)h (same)f(\014le,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)g Fk(SETREADPOS)d Fs(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(a)f(write)g(and)f(a)i(read,)g(and)150 2658 y Fk(SETWRITEPOS)27 b Fs(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)k(a)g(read)f(and)g(a)h (write.)150 2826 y(See)23 b([READER],)h(page)g(25,)h(,)g([WRITER],)e (page)h(25,)i(,)e([SETREADPOS],)f(page)g(25,)j(,)f([SETWRITE-)150 2936 y(POS],)30 b(page)h(25,)150 3140 y Fh(close)390 3287 y Fk(CLOSE)46 b(filename)150 3455 y Fs(command.)58 b(Closes)36 b(the)g(named)g(\014le.)58 b(If)35 b(the)i(\014le)f(w)m(as) g(curren)m(tly)g(the)g(reader)g(or)g(writer,)i(then)e(the)150 3564 y(reader)h(or)f(writer)h(is)f(c)m(hanged)h(to)h(the)f(k)m(eyb)s (oard)f(or)h(screen,)h(as)f(if)g Fk(SETREAD)45 b([])36 b Fs(or)h Fk(SETWRITE)46 b([])150 3674 y Fs(had)30 b(b)s(een)f(done.) 150 3878 y Fh(allop)s(en)390 4025 y Fk(ALLOPEN)150 4193 y Fs(outputs)j(a)i(list)f(whose)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(are)i(the)f(names)g (of)g(all)h(\014les)f(curren)m(tly)g(op)s(en.)47 b(This)32 b(list)i(do)s(es)f(not)150 4302 y(include)d(the)h(dribble)e(\014le,)i (if)f(an)m(y)-8 b(.)150 4506 y Fh(closeall)390 4653 y Fk(CLOSEALL)46 b(\(library)f(procedure\))150 4821 y Fs(command.)40 b(Closes)31 b(all)h(op)s(en)d(\014les.)41 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(FOREACH)46 b(ALLOPEN)f([CLOSE)h(?])150 4989 y Fs(See)31 b([F)m(OREA)m(CH],)g(page)h(76,)f(,)g([CLOSE],)e(page)i(23,)150 5193 y Fh(erase\014le)390 5340 y Fk(ERASEFILE)45 b(filename)p eop end %%Page: 24 37 TeXDict begin 24 36 bop 150 -116 a Fs(24)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)390 299 y Fk(ERF)47 b(filename)150 467 y Fs(command.)40 b(Erases)31 b(\(deletes,)h(remo)m(v)m(es\))g(the)f (named)f(\014le,)g(whic)m(h)g(should)g(not)g(curren)m(tly)h(b)s(e)e(op) s(en.)150 655 y Fh(dribble)390 802 y Fk(DRIBBLE)46 b(filename)150 969 y Fs(command.)38 b(Creates)24 b(a)g(new)e(\014le)i(whose)f(name)g (is)g(the)h(input,)g(lik)m(e)g Fk(OPENWRITE)p Fs(,)f(and)f(b)s(egins)h (recording)150 1079 y(in)32 b(that)h(\014le)g(ev)m(erything)g(that)g (is)f(read)h(from)f(the)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)g(or)h(written)f(to)h(the)g (terminal.)47 b(That)33 b(is,)150 1188 y(this)e(writing)h(is)f(in)g (addition)h(to)g(the)g(writing)f(to)h Fk(WRITER)p Fs(.)43 b(The)30 b(in)m(ten)m(t)j(is)f(to)g(create)h(a)f(transcript)f(of)150 1298 y(a)g(Logo)g(session,)g(including)f(things)g(lik)m(e)i(prompt)d(c) m(haracters)j(and)e(in)m(teractions.)150 1466 y(See)h([OPENWRITE],)f (page)h(22,)h(,)e([WRITER],)h(page)g(25,)150 1654 y Fh(no)s(dribble)390 1801 y Fk(NODRIBBLE)150 1968 y Fs(command.)40 b(Stops)30 b(cop)m(ying)i(information)e(in)m(to)i(the)e(dribble)g(\014le,)g(and)g (closes)i(the)e(\014le.)150 2156 y Fh(setread)390 2303 y Fk(SETREAD)46 b(filename)150 2471 y Fs(command.)56 b(Mak)m(es)37 b(the)f(named)f(\014le)h(the)g(read)f(stream,)j(used)c (for)i Fk(READLIST)p Fs(,)f(etc.)57 b(The)35 b(\014le)h(m)m(ust)150 2581 y(already)27 b(b)s(e)e(op)s(en)g(with)h Fk(OPENREAD)e Fs(or)i Fk(OPENUPDATE)p Fs(.)36 b(If)26 b(the)g(input)f(is)h(the)g (empt)m(y)g(list,)i(then)e(the)g(read)150 2690 y(stream)34 b(b)s(ecomes)g(the)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard,)h(as)f(usual.)50 b(Changing)34 b(the)g(read)f(stream)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(close)h(the)f (\014le)150 2800 y(that)d(w)m(as)g(previously)f(the)g(read)h(stream,)g (so)f(it)h(is)g(p)s(ossible)f(to)h(alternate)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f (\014les.)150 2968 y(See)g([READLIST],)f(page)h(20,)g(,)g([OPENREAD],)g (page)g(22,)h(,)e([OPENUPD)m(A)-8 b(TE],)32 b(page)f(23,)150 3156 y Fh(set)m(write)390 3303 y Fk(SETWRITE)46 b(filename)150 3470 y Fs(command.)74 b(Mak)m(es)44 b(the)e(named)f(\014le)h(the)f (write)h(stream,)k(used)40 b(for)i Fk(PRINT)p Fs(,)h(etc.)76 b(The)41 b(\014le)h(m)m(ust)150 3580 y(already)36 b(b)s(e)e(op)s(en)g (with)h Fk(OPENWRITE)p Fs(,)f Fk(OPENAPPEND)p Fs(,)f(or)i Fk(OPENUPDATE)p Fs(.)52 b(If)34 b(the)h(input)f(is)h(the)h(empt)m(y)150 3689 y(list,)f(then)f(the)g(write)f(stream)h(b)s(ecomes)g(the)g (screen,)h(as)f(usual.)50 b(Changing)34 b(the)f(write)h(stream)g(do)s (es)150 3799 y(not)27 b(close)h(the)g(\014le)f(that)g(w)m(as)h (previously)e(the)h(write)h(stream,)g(so)f(it)g(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h (alternate)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)150 3909 y(\014les.)150 4076 y(If)g(the)g(input)f(is)i(a)f(list,)i(then)d(its)i(\014rst)e (elemen)m(t)j(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(name,)g(and)f(its)g(second)h(and)e(last)150 4186 y(elemen)m(t)32 b(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)f(a)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)h(in)m(teger;)h(a)e(bu\013er)f (of)h(that)g(man)m(y)g(c)m(haracters)h(will)f(b)s(e)f(allo)s(cated,)k (and)150 4296 y(will)c(b)s(ecome)h(the)f(writestream.)41 b(If)29 b(the)i(same)f(list)h(\(same)f(in)g(the)g Fk(.EQ)f Fs(sense,)h(not)h(a)f(cop)m(y\))h(has)f(b)s(een)150 4405 y(used)g(as)i(input)e(to)i Fk(OPENWRITE)p Fs(,)d(then)i(the)g (already-allo)s(cated)j(bu\013er)c(will)i(b)s(e)e(used,)h(and)g(the)g (writer)150 4515 y(can)37 b(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g(to)h(and)e(from)h (this)g(bu\013er,)h(with)e(all)i(the)f(c)m(haracters)i(accum)m(ulated)f (as)g(in)e(a)i(\014le.)150 4624 y(When)c(the)h(same)g(list)g(is)g(used) e(as)i(input)f(to)h Fk(CLOSE)p Fs(,)f(the)h(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(of)f(the)g (bu\013er)e(\(as)i(an)g(unparsed)150 4734 y(w)m(ord,)30 b(whic)m(h)g(ma)m(y)h(con)m(tain)g(newline)f(c)m(haracters\))i(will)f (b)s(ecome)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h(the)f(named)g(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 4844 y(F)d(or)32 b(compatibilit)m(y)h(with)e(earlier)h (v)m(ersions,)f(if)g(the)h(list)f(has)g(not)g(b)s(een)g(op)s(ened)f (when)g(the)h Fk(SETWRITE)150 4953 y Fs(is)38 b(done,)i(it)e(will)g(b)s (e)f(op)s(ened)g(implicitly)-8 b(,)42 b(but)37 b(the)h(\014rst)f Fk(SETWRITE)e Fs(after)k(this)e(one)i(will)f(implicitly)150 5063 y(close)32 b(it,)f(setting)g(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(and)f(freeing)h(the)f(allo)s(cated)i(bu\013er.)150 5230 y(See)22 b([PRINT],)f(page)h(19,)j(,)e([OPENWRITE],)f(page)g(22,)i (;)h([OPENAPPEND],)d(page)g(23,)i(;)h([OPENUP-)150 5340 y(D)m(A)-8 b(TE],)32 b(page)f(23,)p eop end %%Page: 25 38 TeXDict begin 25 37 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Comm)m(unication)2416 b(25)150 299 y Fh(reader)390 446 y Fk(READER)150 614 y Fs(outputs)28 b(the)g(name)g(of)h(the)f (curren)m(t)g(read)g(stream)h(\014le,)g(or)f(the)h(empt)m(y)f(list)h (if)f(the)h(read)f(stream)g(is)h(the)150 723 y(terminal.)150 958 y Fh(writer)390 1105 y Fk(WRITER)150 1272 y Fs(outputs)k(the)h (name)g(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(write)h(stream)g(\014le,)h(or)f(the)g (empt)m(y)g(list)g(if)g(the)g(write)g(stream)g(is)150 1382 y(the)d(screen.)150 1616 y Fh(setreadp)s(os)390 1763 y Fk(SETREADPOS)45 b(charpos)150 1931 y Fs(command.)68 b(Sets)40 b(the)g(\014le)g(p)s(oin)m(ter)f(of)h(the)g(read)g(stream)g (\014le)f(so)h(that)h(the)f(next)f Fk(READLIST)p Fs(,)h(etc.,)150 2041 y(will)49 b(b)s(egin)e(reading)i(at)g(the)f Fl(c)m(harp)s(os)t Fs(th)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)e(the)g(\014le,)53 b(coun)m(ting)c(from)f(0.) 95 b(\(That)49 b(is,)150 2150 y Fk(SETREADPOS)c(0)37 b Fs(will)g(start)g(reading)g(from)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)g (\014le.\))61 b(Meaningless)38 b(if)f(the)g(read)150 2260 y(stream)31 b(is)f(the)h(k)m(eyb)s(oard.)150 2428 y(See)g([READLIST],)f(page)h(20,)g(.)150 2662 y Fh(set)m(writep)s(os) 390 2809 y Fk(SETWRITEPOS)45 b(charpos)150 2977 y Fs(command.)37 b(Sets)22 b(the)f(\014le)h(p)s(oin)m(ter)f(of)h(the)f(write)h(stream)g (\014le)f(so)h(that)g(the)f(next)h Fk(PRINT)p Fs(,)g(etc.,)j(will)c(b)s (egin)150 3086 y(writing)35 b(at)g(the)g Fl(c)m(harp)s(os)t Fs(th)f(c)m(haracter)i(in)f(the)g(\014le,)h(coun)m(ting)f(from)f(0.)55 b(\(That)34 b(is,)j Fk(SETWRITEPOS)44 b(0)150 3196 y Fs(will)39 b(start)f(writing)h(from)e(the)i(b)s(eginning)e(of)i(the)f (\014le.\))65 b(Meaningless)40 b(if)e(the)g(write)h(stream)f(is)h(the) 150 3306 y(screen.)150 3473 y(See)31 b([PRINT],)f(page)h(19,)h(.)150 3708 y Fh(readp)s(os)390 3855 y Fk(READPOS)150 4022 y Fs(outputs)e(the)g(\014le)h(p)s(osition)f(of)h(the)f(curren)m(t)h(read) f(stream)h(\014le.)150 4257 y Fh(writep)s(os)390 4404 y Fk(WRITEPOS)150 4572 y Fs(outputs)f(the)g(\014le)h(p)s(osition)f(of)h (the)f(curren)m(t)h(write)f(stream)h(\014le.)150 4806 y Fh(eofp)390 4953 y Fk(EOFP)390 5063 y(EOF?)150 5230 y Fs(predicate,)j(outputs)d Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(there)h(are)f(no)g(more)h (c)m(haracters)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(read)g(in)g(the)g(read)g(stream)h (\014le,)150 5340 y Fk(FALSE)c Fs(otherwise.)p eop end %%Page: 26 39 TeXDict begin 26 38 bop 150 -116 a Fs(26)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y Fh(\014lep)390 446 y Fk(FILEP)46 b(filename)390 555 y(FILE?)g(filename)g(\(library)f(procedure\))150 723 y Fs(predicate,)31 b(outputs)f Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(a)h(\014le)f(of)h (the)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(name)g(exists)h(and)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(read,)h Fk(FALSE)d Fs(other-)150 833 y(wise.)150 1074 y Fr(3.4)68 b(T)-11 b(erminal)45 b(Access)150 1266 y Fh(k)m(eyp)390 1413 y Fk(KEYP)390 1522 y(KEY?)150 1690 y Fs(predicate,)31 b(outputs)f Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(there)h(are)g(c)m(haracters)g(w)m(aiting) h(to)f(b)s(e)f(read)g(from)g(the)g(read)g(stream.)41 b(If)150 1800 y(the)30 b(read)f(stream)i(is)e(a)h(\014le,)h(this)e(is)h (equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)31 b(to)f Fk(NOT)47 b(EOFP)o Fs(.)41 b(If)29 b(the)h(read)f(stream)i(is)e(the)h(terminal,)150 1909 y(then)35 b(ec)m(hoing)j(is)d(turned)g(o\013)h(and)f(the)h (terminal)g(is)g(set)g(to)h Fk(cbreak)d Fs(\(c)m(haracter)k(at)e(a)g (time)h(instead)150 2019 y(of)30 b(line)h(at)g(a)g(time\))g(mo)s(de.)40 b(It)31 b(remains)f(in)g(this)g(mo)s(de)g(un)m(til)g(some)h(line-mo)s (de)f(reading)h(is)f(requested)150 2128 y(\(e.g.,)g Fk(READLIST)p Fs(\).)38 b(The)27 b(Unix)g(op)s(erating)h(system)g(forgets)g(ab)s(out) f(an)m(y)h(p)s(ending)e(c)m(haracters)j(when)d(it)150 2238 y(switc)m(hes)31 b(mo)s(des,)f(so)h(the)f(\014rst)g Fk(KEYP)f Fs(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)k(will)d(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(output)e Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)150 2406 y(See)h([EOFP],)f(page)i(25,)f(,)g ([READLIST],)f(page)h(20,)150 2605 y Fh(cleartext)390 2752 y Fk(CLEARTEXT)390 2862 y(CT)150 3030 y Fs(command.)40 b(Clears)31 b(the)g(text)g(windo)m(w.)150 3229 y Fh(setcursor)390 3376 y Fk(SETCURSOR)45 b(vector)150 3544 y Fs(command.)55 b(The)35 b(input)f(is)h(a)h(list)f(of)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)f (the)h(x)f(and)f(y)i(co)s(ordinates)f(of)h(a)f(text)h(windo)m(w)150 3654 y(p)s(osition)29 b(\(origin)h(in)e(the)i(upp)s(er)c(left)k (corner,)f(p)s(ositiv)m(e)h(direction)g(is)f(southeast\).)41 b(The)29 b(text)h(cursor)e(is)150 3763 y(mo)m(v)m(ed)k(to)f(the)g (requested)g(p)s(osition.)42 b(This)30 b(command)g(also)i(forces)f(the) g(immediate)h(prin)m(ting)f(of)g(an)m(y)150 3873 y(bu\013ered)e(c)m (haracters.)150 4073 y Fh(cursor)390 4219 y Fk(CURSOR)150 4387 y Fs(outputs)h(a)h(list)h(con)m(taining)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(x)f (and)g(y)h(co)s(ordinates)h(of)f(the)f(text)i(cursor.)42 b(Logo)31 b(ma)m(y)h(get)150 4497 y(confused)24 b(ab)s(out)g(the)h (curren)m(t)f(cursor)g(p)s(osition)h(if,)h(e.g.,)h(y)m(ou)e(t)m(yp)s(e) g(in)f(a)h(long)g(line)g(that)g(wraps)f(around)150 4606 y(or)30 b(y)m(our)h(program)f(prin)m(ts)g(escap)s(e)h(co)s(des)f(that)h (a\013ect)h(the)e(screen)h(strangely)-8 b(.)150 4806 y Fh(setmargins)390 4953 y Fk(SETMARGINS)45 b(vector)150 5121 y Fs(command.)60 b(The)36 b(input)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(a)i(list)f (of)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)e(as)g(for)g Fk(SETCURSOR)p Fs(.)57 b(The)37 b(e\013ect)h(is)f(to)150 5230 y(clear)j(the)f(screen)g (and)g(then)f(arrange)i(for)e(all)i(further)e(prin)m(ting)h(to)g(b)s(e) g(shifted)f(do)m(wn)h(and)f(to)i(the)150 5340 y(righ)m(t)g(according)g (to)g(the)g(indicated)g(margins.)67 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)43 b(ev)m(ery)d(time)g(a)g(newline)f(c)m(haracter)i(is)p eop end %%Page: 27 40 TeXDict begin 27 39 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Comm)m(unication)2416 b(27)150 299 y(prin)m(ted)34 b(\(explicitly)i(or)f(implicitly\))h(Logo)f(will)g(t)m(yp)s(e)f Fl(x)p 2130 299 28 4 v 40 w(margin)h Fs(spaces,)h(and)d(on)i(ev)m(ery)g (in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)150 408 y(of)i Fk(SETCURSOR)e Fs(the)j(margins)f (will)g(b)s(e)g(added)g(to)h(the)f(input)f(x)i(and)e(y)i(co)s (ordinates.)62 b(\()p Fk(CURSOR)36 b Fs(will)150 518 y(rep)s(ort)26 b(the)h(cursor)f(p)s(osition)h(relativ)m(e)i(to)e(the)g (margins,)h(so)f(that)g(this)f(shift)h(will)g(b)s(e)f(in)m(visible)h (to)h(Logo)150 628 y(programs.\))39 b(The)23 b(purp)s(ose)f(of)i(this)f (command)h(is)g(to)g(accommo)s(date)i(the)e(displa)m(y)g(of)g(terminal) g(screens)150 737 y(in)j(lecture)g(halls)h(with)e(inadequate)i(TV)f (monitors)g(that)g(miss)g(the)g(top)g(and)f(left)i(edges)f(of)g(the)h (screen.)150 905 y(See)j([SETCURSOR],)e(page)i(26,)g(.)150 1164 y Fh(settextcolor)390 1311 y Fk(SETTEXTCOLOR)44 b(foreground)h(background)390 1421 y(SETTC)h(foreground)f(background) 150 1588 y Fs(command)25 b(\(wxWidgets)h(only\).)39 b(The)24 b(inputs)g(are)h(color)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)f(or)f(R)m(GB)i(color)g (lists,)h(as)e(for)g(turtle)150 1698 y(graphics.)39 b(The)25 b(foreground)g(and)g(bac)m(kground)h(colors)h(for)e(the)h (textscreen/splitscreen)i(text)e(windo)m(w)150 1807 y(are)33 b(c)m(hanged)h(to)g(the)f(giv)m(en)h(v)-5 b(alues.)49 b(The)32 b(c)m(hange)i(a\013ects)h(text)e(already)h(prin)m(ted)f(as)g (w)m(ell)h(as)f(future)150 1917 y(text)e(prin)m(ting;)g(there)f(is)h (only)f(one)h(text)g(color)h(for)e(the)h(en)m(tire)g(windo)m(w.)150 2085 y(Command)d(\(non-wxWidgets)i(Windo)m(ws)f(and)f(DOS)h(extended)g (only\).)41 b(The)28 b(inputs)g(are)h(color)h(n)m(um-)150 2194 y(b)s(ers,)e(as)h(for)f(turtle)h(graphics.)40 b(F)-8 b(uture)28 b(prin)m(ting)h(to)g(the)f(text)i(windo)m(w)e(will)g(use)h (the)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(colors)150 2304 y(for)43 b(foreground)g(\(the)h (c)m(haracters)h(prin)m(ted\))e(and)g(bac)m(kground)g(\(the)h(space)g (under)e(those)i(c)m(harac-)150 2413 y(ters\).)g(Using)31 b Fk(STANDOUT)e Fs(will)j(rev)m(ert)g(to)f(the)h(default)f(text)h (windo)m(w)f(colors.)44 b(In)31 b(the)g(DOS)g(extended)150 2523 y(\()p Fk(ucblogo.exe)p Fs(\))e(v)m(ersion,)j(colors)f(in)g (textscreen)h(mo)s(de)f(are)g(limited)h(to)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(0-7,)k (and)d(the)i(col-)150 2633 y(oring)g(applies)f(only)h(to)g(text)h(prin) m(ted)e(b)m(y)g(the)h(program,)g(not)g(to)g(the)g(ec)m(hoing)h(of)f (text)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)150 2742 y(user.)52 b(Neither)34 b(limitation)i(applies)f(to)g(the)f(text)h(p)s(ortion)f (of)h(splitscreen)f(mo)s(de,)h(whic)m(h)f(is)g(actually)150 2852 y(dra)m(wn)c(as)g(graphics)g(in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 3020 y(See)31 b([ST)-8 b(ANDOUT],)31 b(page)g(17,)g(.)150 3279 y Fh(increasefon)m(t)390 3425 y Fk(INCREASEFONT)390 3535 y(DECREASEFONT)150 3703 y Fs(command)f(\(wxWidgets)i(only\).)43 b(Increase)31 b(or)f(decrease)i(the)f(size)h(of)e(the)h(fon)m(t)h(used) d(in)i(the)g(text)h(and)150 3812 y(edit)f(windo)m(ws)e(to)j(the)e(next) h(larger)g(or)f(smaller)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(size.)150 4071 y Fh(settextsize)390 4218 y Fk(SETTEXTSIZE)45 b(height)150 4386 y Fs(command)39 b(\(wxWidgets)i(only\).)69 b(Set)40 b(the)g Fk(")p Fs(p)s(oin)m(t)f(size)p Fk(")h Fs(of)g(the)g(fon)m(t)g (used)f(in)g(the)h(text)g(and)f(edit)150 4496 y(windo)m(ws)34 b(to)h(the)g(giv)m(en)g(in)m(teger)h(input.)53 b(The)34 b(desired)g(size)h(ma)m(y)g(not)g(b)s(e)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)38 b(in)d(whic)m(h)f(case)150 4605 y(the)39 b(nearest)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)41 b(size)e(will)g(b)s(e)f(used.)65 b(Note:)58 b(There)38 b(is)h(only)f(a)h(sligh)m(t)h(correlation)g(b)s(et)m(w)m (een)150 4715 y(these)31 b(in)m(tegers)h(and)e(pixel)h(sizes.)43 b(Our)29 b(rough)i(estimate)h(is)f(that)g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g (pixels)h(of)g(heigh)m(t)h(is)150 4824 y(ab)s(out)h(1.5)h(times)f(the)g (p)s(oin)m(t)g(size,)i(but)d(it)i(v)-5 b(aries)33 b(for)g(di\013eren)m (t)h(fon)m(ts.)48 b(See)34 b Fk(SETLABELHEIGHT)29 b Fs(for)k(a)150 4934 y(di\013eren)m(t)e(approac)m(h)g(used)e(for)h(the)h(graphics)f (windo)m(w.)150 5193 y Fh(textsize)390 5340 y Fk(TEXTSIZE)p eop end %%Page: 28 41 TeXDict begin 28 40 bop 150 -116 a Fs(28)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(\(wxWidgets)k(only\))f(outputs)g(the)g Fk(")p Fs(p)s(oin)m(t)f(size)p Fk(")i Fs(of)f(the)g(fon)m(t)g(used)f (in)h(the)g(text)h(and)e(edit)h(windo)m(ws.)150 408 y(See)38 b Fk(SETTEXTSIZE)c Fs(for)j(a)h(discussion)f(of)h(fon)m(t)g(sizing.)63 b(See)37 b Fk(LABELSIZE)e Fs(for)j(a)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(approac)m(h)150 518 y(used)30 b(for)g(the)g(graphics)h(windo)m(w.)150 717 y Fh(setfon)m(t)390 864 y Fk(SETFONT)46 b(fontname)150 1032 y Fs(command)38 b(\(wxWidgets)i(only\).)65 b(Set)39 b(the)f(fon)m(t)h(family)g(used)f(in)g(all)h(windo)m(ws)f(to)h(the)g (one)f(named)150 1142 y(b)m(y)g(the)g(input.)63 b(T)-8 b(ry)38 b Fk(Courier)e Fs(or)i Fk(Monospace)e Fs(as)i(lik)m(ely)h(p)s (ossibilities.)65 b(Not)39 b(all)g(computers)f(ha)m(v)m(e)150 1251 y(the)32 b(same)h(fon)m(ts)f(installed.)47 b(It's)32 b(a)g(go)s(o)s(d)g(idea)h(to)g(stic)m(k)g(with)f(monospace)h(fon)m(ts)f (\(ones)h(in)e(whic)m(h)h(all)150 1361 y(c)m(haracters)g(ha)m(v)m(e)f (the)g(same)g(width\).)150 1560 y Fh(fon)m(t)390 1707 y Fk(FONT)150 1875 y Fs(\(wxWidgets)h(only\))e(outputs)g(the)h(name)f (of)h(the)f(fon)m(t)h(family)g(used)f(in)g(all)h(windo)m(ws.)p eop end %%Page: 29 42 TeXDict begin 29 41 bop 3659 -116 a Fs(29)150 299 y Fp(4)80 b(Arithmetic)150 729 y Fr(4.1)68 b(Numeric)45 b(Op)t(erations)150 946 y Fh(sum)390 1093 y Fk(SUM)i(num1)g(num2)390 1202 y(\(SUM)g(num1)f(num2)h(num3)g(...\))390 1312 y(num1)g(+)g(num2)150 1480 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(sum)g(of)g(its)h(inputs.)150 1705 y Fh(di\013erence)390 1852 y Fk(DIFFERENCE)45 b(num1)i(num2)390 1961 y(num1)g(-)g(num2)150 2129 y Fs(outputs)23 b(the)i(di\013erence)f (of)g(its)h(inputs.)37 b(Min)m(us)24 b(sign)g(means)g(in\014x)f (di\013erence)h(in)g(am)m(biguous)g(con)m(texts)150 2238 y(\(when)j(preceded)h(b)m(y)g(a)g(complete)i(expression\),)f(unless)e (it)h(is)h(preceded)e(b)m(y)h(a)g(space)h(and)e(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y) 150 2348 y(a)h(nonspace.)41 b(\(See)30 b(also)i Fk(MINUS)p Fs(.\))150 2573 y Fh(min)m(us)390 2720 y Fk(MINUS)46 b(num)390 2829 y(-)h(num)150 2997 y Fs(outputs)26 b(the)h(negativ)m(e)i (of)d(its)h(input.)39 b(Min)m(us)26 b(sign)h(means)f(unary)g(min)m(us)f (if)i(the)g(previous)f(tok)m(en)h(is)g(an)150 3107 y(in\014x)g(op)s (erator)i(or)f(op)s(en)g(paren)m(thesis,)h(or)f(it)h(is)f(preceded)g(b) m(y)h(a)f(space)h(and)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(a)h(nonspace.)150 3216 y(There)h(is)g(a)h(di\013erence)g(in)f(binding)f(strength)i(b)s (et)m(w)m(een)g(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(forms:)390 3384 y Fk(MINUS)46 b(3)i(+)f(4)239 b(means)141 b(-\(3+4\))390 3494 y(-)47 b(3)h(+)f(4)430 b(means)141 b(\(-3\)+4)150 3719 y Fh(pro)s(duct)390 3866 y Fk(PRODUCT)46 b(num1)g(num2)390 3975 y(\(PRODUCT)g(num1)g(num2)h (num3)f(...\))390 4085 y(num1)h(*)g(num2)150 4252 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(pro)s(duct)g(of)g(its)h(inputs.)150 4477 y Fh(quotien)m(t)390 4624 y Fk(QUOTIENT)46 b(num1)g(num2)390 4734 y(\(QUOTIENT)f(num\))390 4844 y(num1)i(/)g(num2)150 5011 y Fs(outputs)36 b(the)g(quotien)m(t)h (of)f(its)h(inputs.)56 b(The)36 b(quotien)m(t)h(of)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(in)m (tegers)f(is)f(an)g(in)m(teger)h(if)f(and)g(only)150 5121 y(if)g(the)g(dividend)f(is)h(a)g(m)m(ultiple)h(of)f(the)g (divisor.)57 b(\(In)36 b(other)g(w)m(ords,)h Fk(QUOTIENT)45 b(5)j(2)35 b Fs(is)h(2.5,)j(not)d(2,)150 5230 y(but)30 b Fk(QUOTIENT)46 b(4)h(2)31 b Fs(is)h(2,)g(not)f(2.0)h(|)f(it)h(do)s (es)f(the)g(righ)m(t)h(thing.\))43 b(With)32 b(a)g(single)g(input,)e Fk(QUOTIENT)150 5340 y Fs(outputs)g(the)g(recipro)s(cal)i(of)e(the)h (input.)p eop end %%Page: 30 43 TeXDict begin 30 42 bop 150 -116 a Fs(30)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y Fh(remainder)390 446 y Fk(REMAINDER)45 b(num1)i(num2)150 614 y Fs(outputs)29 b(the)h(remainder)f(on)g (dividing)h Fl(n)m(um1)36 b Fs(b)m(y)30 b Fl(n)m(um2)7 b Fs(;)29 b(b)s(oth)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(in)m(tegers)i(and)e(the)g (result)h(is)150 723 y(an)g(in)m(teger)i(with)e(the)h(same)f(sign)h(as) f Fl(n)m(um1)p Fs(.)150 944 y Fh(mo)s(dulo)390 1091 y Fk(MODULO)46 b(num1)h(num2)150 1259 y Fs(outputs)29 b(the)h(remainder)f (on)g(dividing)h Fl(n)m(um1)36 b Fs(b)m(y)30 b Fl(n)m(um2)7 b Fs(;)29 b(b)s(oth)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(in)m(tegers)i(and)e(the)g (result)h(is)150 1369 y(an)g(in)m(teger)i(with)e(the)h(same)f(sign)h (as)f Fl(n)m(um2)p Fs(.)150 1590 y Fh(in)m(t)390 1737 y Fk(INT)47 b(num)150 1905 y Fs(outputs)35 b(its)h(input)f(with)h (fractional)h(part)f(remo)m(v)m(ed,)i(i.e.,)g(an)e(in)m(teger)h(with)f (the)g(same)g(sign)g(as)g(the)150 2014 y(input,)28 b(whose)g(absolute)g (v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)f(the)g(largest)h(in)m(teger)g(less)g(than)e(or)h (equal)h(to)g(the)f(absolute)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)150 2124 y(the)i(input.)150 2345 y Fh(round)390 2492 y Fk(ROUND)46 b(num)150 2660 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(nearest)h(in)m(teger)h(to)f(the) g(input.)150 2881 y Fh(sqrt)390 3028 y Fk(SQRT)47 b(num)150 3196 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(square)h(ro)s(ot)f(of)h(the)f(input,)g (whic)m(h)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(nonnegativ)m(e.)150 3417 y Fh(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)390 3564 y Fk(POWER)46 b(num1)h(num2)150 3732 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fl(n)m(um1)37 b Fs(to)31 b(the)g Fl(n)m(um2)37 b Fs(p)s(o)m(w)m(er.)k(If)30 b Fl(n)m(um1)37 b Fs(is)30 b(negativ)m(e,)j(then)d Fl(n)m(um2)37 b Fs(m)m(ust)31 b(b)s(e)e(an)i(in)m(teger.)150 3953 y Fh(exp)390 4100 y Fk(EXP)47 b(num)150 4268 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fg(e)37 b Fs(\(2.718281828)p Fk(+)p Fs(\))e(to)c(the)g(input)e(p)s(o)m(w)m(er.) 150 4489 y Fh(log10)390 4636 y Fk(LOG10)46 b(num)150 4804 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(common)h(logarithm)g(of)g(the)g(input.)150 5025 y Fh(ln)390 5172 y Fk(LN)47 b(num)150 5340 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(natural)h(logarithm)g(of)g(the)f(input.)p eop end %%Page: 31 44 TeXDict begin 31 43 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Arithmetic)2613 b(31)150 299 y Fh(sin)390 446 y Fk(SIN)47 b(degrees)150 614 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(sine)h(of)f(its)h(input,)f (whic)m(h)g(is)g(tak)m(en)i(in)e(degrees.)150 817 y Fh(radsin)390 964 y Fk(RADSIN)46 b(radians)150 1131 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(sine)h(of)f(its)h(input,)f(whic)m(h)g(is)g(tak)m(en)i(in)e (radians.)150 1334 y Fh(cos)390 1481 y Fk(COS)47 b(degrees)150 1649 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(cosine)i(of)e(its)h(input,)f(whic)m(h)g (is)g(tak)m(en)i(in)e(degrees.)150 1852 y Fh(radcos)390 1999 y Fk(RADCOS)46 b(radians)150 2167 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(cosine)i(of)e(its)h(input,)f(whic)m(h)g(is)g(tak)m(en)i(in)e (radians.)150 2370 y Fh(arctan)390 2517 y Fk(ARCTAN)46 b(num)390 2626 y(\(ARCTAN)g(x)h(y\))150 2794 y Fs(outputs)33 b(the)h(arctangen)m(t,)j(in)c(degrees,)i(of)f(its)g(input.)49 b(With)35 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(inputs,)e(outputs)g(the)h(arctangen)m(t)150 2904 y(of)d(y/x,)g(if)f(x)g(is)h(nonzero,)f(or)h(90)g(or)f({90)i(dep)s (ending)d(on)h(the)h(sign)f(of)h(y)-8 b(,)31 b(if)f(x)g(is)h(zero.)150 3107 y Fh(radarctan)390 3254 y Fk(RADARCTAN)45 b(num)390 3363 y(\(RADARCTAN)g(x)i(y\))150 3531 y Fs(outputs)33 b(the)h(arctangen)m(t,)j(in)c(radians,)h(of)g(its)g(input.)49 b(With)35 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(inputs,)e(outputs)g(the)h(arctangen)m(t)150 3640 y(of)d(y/x,)g(if)f(x)g(is)h(nonzero,)f(or)h(pi/2)g(or)f({pi/2)i (dep)s(ending)c(on)j(the)f(sign)h(of)f(y)-8 b(,)31 b(if)f(x)h(is)f (zero.)150 3808 y(The)g(expression)g Fk(2*\(RADARCTAN)44 b(0)k(1\))30 b Fs(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)h(get)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(pi.)150 4011 y Fh(iseq)390 4158 y Fk(ISEQ)47 b(from)f(to)h(\(library)f(procedure\))150 4326 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)h(list)g(of)f(the)h(in)m(tegers)g(from)f Fl(from)g Fs(to)h Fl(to)p Fs(,)h(inclusiv)m(e.)390 4494 y Fk(?)47 b(show)g(iseq)g(3)g(7)390 4603 y([3)g(4)h(5)f(6)h(7])390 4713 y(?)f(show)g(iseq)g(7)g(3)390 4822 y([7)g(6)h(5)f(4)h(3])150 5025 y Fh(rseq)390 5172 y Fk(RSEQ)f(from)f(to)h(count)g(\(library)e (procedure\))150 5340 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)h(list)g(of)f Fl(coun)m(t)j Fs(equally)e(spaced)g(rational)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(b)s (et)m(w)m(een)i Fl(from)f Fs(and)g Fl(to)p Fs(,)h(inclusiv)m(e.)p eop end %%Page: 32 45 TeXDict begin 32 44 bop 150 -116 a Fs(32)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)390 299 y Fk(?)47 b(show)g(rseq)g(3)g(5)h(9)390 408 y([3)f(3.25)g(3.5)g(3.75)f(4)i(4.25)e(4.5)h(4.75)g(5])390 518 y(?)g(show)g(rseq)g(3)g(5)h(5)390 628 y([3)f(3.5)g(4)h(4.5)e(5])150 884 y Fr(4.2)68 b(Numeric)45 b(Predicates)150 1086 y Fh(lessp)390 1233 y Fk(LESSP)h(num1)h(num2)390 1343 y(LESS?)f(num1)h (num2)390 1452 y(num1)g(<)g(num2)150 1620 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(its)h(\014rst)f(input)f(is)i(strictly)g(less)g (than)f(its)h(second.)150 1830 y Fh(greaterp)390 1977 y Fk(GREATERP)46 b(num1)g(num2)390 2086 y(GREATER?)g(num1)g(num2)390 2196 y(num1)h(>)g(num2)150 2364 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(its)h(\014rst)f(input)f(is)i(strictly)g(greater)h(than)e(its)g (second.)150 2574 y Fh(lessequalp)390 2721 y Fk(LESSEQUALP)45 b(num1)i(num2)390 2830 y(LESSEQUAL?)e(num1)i(num2)390 2940 y(num1)g(<=)g(num2)150 3107 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(its)h(\014rst)f(input)f(is)i(less)f(than)g(or)h(equal)g(to)g (its)g(second.)150 3317 y 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b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f Fk(RANDOM)46 b(10)o Fs(;)31 b Fk(\(RANDOM)46 b(3)h(8\))30 b Fs(is)150 5340 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f Fk(\(RANDOM)46 b(6\)+3)o Fs(.)p eop end %%Page: 33 46 TeXDict begin 33 45 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Arithmetic)2613 b(33)150 299 y Fh(rerandom)390 446 y Fk(RERANDOM)390 555 y(\(RERANDOM)45 b(seed\))150 723 y Fs(command.)53 b(Mak)m(es)36 b(the)f(results)f(of)h Fk(RANDOM)e Fs(repro)s(ducible.)52 b(Ordinarily)33 b(the)i(sequence)g (of)g(random)150 833 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)20 b(is)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(eac) m(h)i(time)e(Logo)i(is)e(used.)37 b(If)20 b(y)m(ou)i(need)f(the)g(same) g(sequence)h(of)f(pseudo-random)150 942 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)32 b(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(,)36 b(e.g.)51 b(to)35 b(debug)e(a)h(program,)g (sa)m(y)h Fk(RERANDOM)c Fs(b)s(efore)i(the)h(\014rst)f(in)m(v)m(o)s (cation)j(of)150 1052 y Fk(RANDOM)p Fs(.)j(If)29 b(y)m(ou)h(need)f (more)h(than)f(one)h(rep)s(eatable)g(sequence,)g(y)m(ou)g(can)g(giv)m (e)h Fk(RERANDOM)c Fs(an)j(in)m(teger)150 1161 y(input;)g(eac)m(h)h(p)s (ossible)f(input)g(selects)h(a)g(unique)f(sequence)g(of)h(n)m(um)m(b)s (ers.)150 1402 y Fr(4.4)68 b(Prin)l(t)45 b(F)-11 b(ormatting)150 1593 y Fh(form)390 1740 y Fk(FORM)47 b(num)g(width)f(precision)150 1908 y Fs(outputs)32 b(a)i(w)m(ord)e(con)m(taining)i(a)g(prin)m(table)f (represen)m(tation)h(of)e Fl(n)m(um)p Fs(,)h(p)s(ossibly)f(preceded)h (b)m(y)g(spaces)150 2018 y(\(and)23 b(therefore)h(not)f(a)h(n)m(um)m(b) s(er)e(for)h(purp)s(oses)e(of)j(p)s(erforming)e(arithmetic)i(op)s (erations\),)i(with)d(at)h(least)150 2127 y Fl(width)30 b Fs(c)m(haracters,)i(including)f(exactly)h Fl(precision)f Fs(digits)h(after)f(the)g(decimal)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)42 b(\(If)31 b Fl(precision)g Fs(is)150 2237 y(0)g(then)f(there)g(will)h(b)s(e)f(no) g(decimal)h(p)s(oin)m(t)g(in)f(the)g(output.\))150 2405 y(As)d(a)g(debugging)g(feature,)h(\()p Fk(FORM)47 b(num)g(-1)g(format)o Fs(\))27 b(will)g(prin)m(t)f(the)h(\015oating)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f Fl(n)m(um)f Fs(according)150 2514 y(to)31 b(the)g(C)f(prin)m(tf)f Fl(format)p Fs(,)i(to)g(allo)m(w)390 2682 y Fk(to)47 b(hex)g(:num)390 2791 y(op)g(form)g(:num)f(-1)i("|\04508X)e(\04508X|) 390 2901 y(end)150 3069 y Fs(to)26 b(allo)m(w)i(\014nding)c(out)i(the)g (exact)h(result)f(of)g(\015oating)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e(op)s(erations.)40 b(The)25 b(precise)h(format)g(needed)150 3178 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(mac)m(hine-dep)s(enden)m(t.)150 3419 y Fr(4.5)68 b(Bit)l(wise)46 b(Op)t(erations)150 3610 y Fh(bitand)390 3757 y Fk(BITAND)g(num1)h(num2)390 3867 y(\(BITAND)f(num1)g(num2)h (num3)g(...\))150 4035 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(bit)m(wise)h Fl(and)j Fs(of)c(its)h(inputs,)f(whic)m(h)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(in)m (tegers.)150 4202 y(See)h([AND],)g(page)h(35,)f(.)150 4402 y Fh(bitor)390 4549 y Fk(BITOR)46 b(num1)h(num2)390 4658 y(\(BITOR)f(num1)h(num2)f(num3)h(...\))150 4826 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)g(bit)m(wise)h Fl(or)37 b Fs(of)31 b(its)g(inputs,)e(whic)m(h)h(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(in)m(tegers.)150 4994 y(See)i([OR],)f(page)h(35,)h(.)150 5193 y Fh(bitxor)390 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b(num1)h(num2)150 2453 y Fs(outputs)33 b Fl(n)m(um1)40 b Fs(logical-shifted)35 b(to)f(the)f(left)h(b)m(y)f Fl(n)m(um2)40 b Fs(bits.)49 b(If)33 b Fl(n)m(um2)40 b Fs(is)33 b(negativ)m(e,)j(the)d(shift)g(is)g (to)150 2563 y(the)e(righ)m(t)g(with)f(zero)h(\014ll.)40 b(The)30 b(inputs)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(tegers.)p eop end %%Page: 35 48 TeXDict begin 35 47 bop 3659 -116 a Fs(35)150 299 y Fp(5)80 b(Logical)53 b(Op)t(erations)150 639 y Fr(and)390 799 y Fk(AND)47 b(tf1)g(tf2)390 908 y(\(AND)g(tf1)g(tf2)f(tf3)h(...\))150 1076 y Fs(outputs)34 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(all)h(inputs)d(are)i Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)h(otherwise)f Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)52 b(All)36 b(inputs)e(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)h Fk(TRUE)e Fs(or)i Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)150 1186 y(\(Comparison)d(is)h(case-insensitiv)m(e)i(regardless)e (of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g Fk(CASEIGNOREDP)p Fs(.)44 b(That)32 b(is,)i Fk(true)d Fs(or)150 1295 y Fk(True)37 b Fs(or)i Fk(TRUE)e Fs(are)i(all)h(the)f(same.\))66 b(An)38 b(input)f(can)i(b)s(e)f(a)h(list,)j(in)c(whic)m(h)g(case)i(it)f(is)g (tak)m(en)g(as)g(an)150 1405 y(expression)c(to)h(run;)h(that)f (expression)f(m)m(ust)g(pro)s(duce)f(a)i Fk(TRUE)e Fs(or)i Fk(FALSE)e Fs(v)-5 b(alue.)56 b(List)35 b(expressions)150 1514 y(are)27 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)29 b(from)d(left)i(to)g(righ)m(t;)h(as) e(so)s(on)g(as)h(a)f Fk(FALSE)f Fs(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(is)g(found,)g(the)g (remaining)h(inputs)e(are)150 1624 y(not)31 b(examined.)41 b(Example:)390 1792 y Fk(MAKE)47 b("RESULT)e(AND)i([NOT)g(\(:X)g(=)g (0\)])g([\(1)g(/)h(:X\))f(>)g(.5])150 1959 y Fs(to)31 b(a)m(v)m(oid)h(the)f(division)f(b)m(y)g(zero)h(if)g(the)f(\014rst)g (part)g(is)h(false.)150 2127 y(See)g([CASEIGNOREDP],)f(page)h(89,)h(.) 150 2326 y Fh(or)390 2473 y Fk(OR)47 b(tf1)g(tf2)390 2583 y(\(OR)g(tf1)g(tf2)g(tf3)g(...\))150 2751 y Fs(outputs)37 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(an)m(y)g(input)f(is)g Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)i(otherwise)f Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)62 b(All)38 b(inputs)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f Fk(TRUE)f Fs(or)i Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)150 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Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)g(the)h(input)f(is)g Fk(FALSE)p Fs(,)g(and)g(vice)i(v)m(ersa.)48 b(The)32 b(input)g(can)h(b)s(e)f(a)h(list,)h(in)f(whic)m(h)f(case)150 4425 y(it)f(is)f(tak)m(en)i(as)e(an)h(expression)f(to)h(run;)e(that)i (expression)f(m)m(ust)g(pro)s(duce)g(a)g Fk(TRUE)g Fs(or)g Fk(FALSE)f Fs(v)-5 b(alue.)p eop end %%Page: 36 49 TeXDict begin 36 48 bop eop end %%Page: 37 50 TeXDict begin 37 49 bop 3659 -116 a Fs(37)150 299 y Fp(6)80 b(Graphics)150 601 y Fs(Berk)m(eley)36 b(Logo)f(pro)m(vides)g (traditional)g(Logo)g(turtle)g(graphics)f(with)g(one)h(turtle.)52 b(Multiple)35 b(turtles,)150 711 y(dynamic)41 b(turtles,)j(and)c (collision)i(detection)h(are)e(not)g(supp)s(orted.)70 b(This)40 b(is)h(the)g(most)g(hardw)m(are-)150 820 y(dep)s(enden)m(t)33 b(part)h(of)g(Logo;)j(some)e(features)f(ma)m(y)g(exist)h(on)f(some)g (mac)m(hines)h(but)e(not)h(others.)52 b(Nev-)150 930 y(ertheless,)40 b(the)d(goal)i(has)e(b)s(een)g(to)h(mak)m(e)g(Logo)h 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Fk(SHOWTURTLE)390 5172 y(ST)150 5340 y Fs(mak)m(es)31 b(the)g(turtle)g(visible.)p eop end %%Page: 40 53 TeXDict begin 40 52 bop 150 -116 a Fs(40)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y Fh(hideturtle)390 446 y Fk(HIDETURTLE)390 555 y(HT)150 723 y Fs(mak)m(es)44 b(the)f(turtle)h(in)m(visible.)80 b(It's)43 b(a)h(go)s(o)s(d)f(idea)h(to)g(do)f(this)g(while)g(y)m(ou're) h(in)f(the)g(middle)g(of)h(a)150 833 y(complicated)32 b(dra)m(wing,)f(b)s(ecause)f(hiding)g(the)g(turtle)h(sp)s(eeds)e(up)h (the)g(dra)m(wing)g(substan)m(tially)-8 b(.)150 1034 y Fh(clean)390 1181 y Fk(CLEAN)150 1349 y Fs(erases)31 b(all)g(lines)g(that)g(the)g(turtle)f(has)h(dra)m(wn)e(on)i(the)f (graphics)h(windo)m(w.)40 b(The)30 b(turtle's)h(state)h(\(p)s(osi-)150 1458 y(tion,)f(heading,)g(p)s(en)e(mo)s(de,)h(etc.\))42 b(is)31 b(not)f(c)m(hanged.)150 1659 y Fh(clearscreen)390 1806 y Fk(CLEARSCREEN)390 1916 y(CS)150 2084 y Fs(erases)37 b(the)f(graphics)h(windo)m(w)e(and)h(sends)f(the)i(turtle)f(to)h(its)g 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y(b)s(oundary)e(of)j(the)f(graphics)h (windo)m(w,)g(it)f(will)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h(as)e(far)h(as)f(it)h(can)g(and)e (then)h(stop)h(at)g(the)f(edge)150 5340 y(with)c(an)g Fk(")p Fs(out)h(of)f(b)s(ounds)p Fk(")e Fs(error)i(message.)42 b(Compare)30 b Fk(WRAP)f Fs(and)h Fk(WINDOW)p Fs(.)p eop end %%Page: 41 54 TeXDict begin 41 53 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Graphics)2689 b(41)150 299 y(See)31 b([WRAP],)g(page)g(40,)h(.)150 486 y Fh(\014ll)390 633 y Fk(FILL)150 801 y Fs(\014lls)39 b(in)f(a)i(region)f(of)g(the)g(graphics)g(windo)m(w)g(con)m(taining)h (the)f(turtle)g(and)g(b)s(ounded)d(b)m(y)j(lines)g(that)150 910 y(ha)m(v)m(e)d(b)s(een)f(dra)m(wn)f(earlier.)56 b(This)34 b(is)h(not)g(p)s(ortable;)j(it)e(do)s(esn't)f(w)m(ork)g(for)g(all)h (mac)m(hines,)h(and)d(ma)m(y)150 1020 y(not)d(w)m(ork)f(exactly)i(the)f (same)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(on)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(mac)m(hines.)150 1207 y Fh(\014lled)390 1354 y Fk(FILLED)46 b(color)g(instructions)150 1522 y Fs(runs)30 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(list,)k(whic)m(h)d(should)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)h(from)f(an)g(earlier)h (in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i(of)150 1863 y Fk(PEN)p Fs(.)150 2030 y(See)31 b([PEN],)g(page)g(46,)g(.)150 2224 y Fh(setbac)m(kground) 390 2371 y Fk(SETBACKGROUND)44 b(colornumber.or.rgblist)390 2480 y(SETBG)i(colornumber.or.rgblist)150 2648 y Fs(set)23 b(the)g(screen)g(bac)m(kground)g(color)h(b)m(y)e(slot)i(n)m(um)m(b)s (er)d(or)i(R)m(GB)h(v)-5 b(alues.)38 b(See)23 b Fk(SETPENCOLOR)d Fs(for)j(details.)150 2816 y(See)31 b([SETPENCOLOR],)d(page)k(44,)f(.) 150 3051 y Fr(6.6)68 b(P)l(en)45 b(Queries)150 3236 y Fh(p)s(endo)m(wnp)390 3383 y Fk(PENDOWNP)390 3492 y(PENDOWN?)150 3660 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(p)s(en)e(is)i(do)m(wn,)f Fk(FALSE)f Fs(if)h(it's)h(up.)150 3853 y Fh(p)s(enmo)s(de)390 4000 y Fk(PENMODE)150 4168 y Fs(outputs)f(one)h(of)f(the)h(w)m(ords)e Fk(PAINT)p Fs(,)h Fk(ERASE)p Fs(,)f(or)h Fk(REVERSE)f Fs(according)i(to)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(p)s(en)f(mo)s(de.)150 4336 y(See)i([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,)h(,)e([REVERSE],)g(page)h(10,)h(.) 150 4529 y Fh(p)s(encolor)390 4676 y Fk(PENCOLOR)390 4785 y(PC)150 4953 y Fs(outputs)c(a)h(color)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)e(a)h (nonnegativ)m(e)i(in)m(teger)f(that)f(is)g(asso)s(ciated)h(with)e(a)h (particular)h(color,)g(or)150 5063 y(a)d(list)g(of)f(R)m(GB)i(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(if)f(suc)m(h)g(a)h(list)g(w)m(as)g(used)e(as)i(the)f(most) h(recen)m(t)h(input)d(to)i Fk(SETPENCOLOR)p Fs(.)36 b(There)150 5172 y(are)31 b(initial)g(assignmen)m(ts)g(for)g(the)f(\014rst)g(16)h (colors:)438 5340 y Fk(0)95 b(black)380 b(1)96 b(blue)428 b(2)95 b(green)381 b(3)95 b(cyan)p eop end %%Page: 46 59 TeXDict begin 46 58 bop 150 -116 a Fs(46)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)438 299 y Fk(4)95 b(red)476 b(5)96 b(magenta)284 b(6)95 b(yellow)333 b(7)47 b(white)438 408 y(8)95 b(brown)380 b(9)96 b(tan)428 b(10)95 b(forest)285 b(11)95 b(aqua)390 518 y(12)g(salmon)285 b(13)95 b(purple)284 b(14)95 b(orange)285 b(15)95 b(grey)150 686 y Fs(but)30 b(other)g(colors)i(can)e(b)s(e)g (assigned)h(to)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(b)m(y)h(the)g Fk(PALETTE)f Fs(command.)150 872 y Fh(palette)390 1019 y Fk(PALETTE)46 b(colornumber)150 1186 y Fs(outputs)28 b(a)h(list)g(of)g(three)g (nonnegativ)m(e)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(less)i(than)f(100)i(sp)s(ecifying) f(the)g(p)s(ercen)m(t)f(saturation)150 1296 y(of)j(red,)f(green,)h(and) e(blue)h(in)g(the)h(color)g(asso)s(ciated)h(with)e(the)h(giv)m(en)g(n)m (um)m(b)s(er.)150 1482 y Fh(p)s(ensize)390 1629 y Fk(PENSIZE)150 1797 y Fs(outputs)25 b(a)i(list)f(of)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(p)s(ositiv)m(e)g(in) m(tegers,)h(sp)s(ecifying)e(the)g(horizon)m(tal)i(and)d(v)m(ertical)j (thic)m(kness)f(of)f(the)150 1906 y(turtle)35 b(p)s(en.)51 b(\(In)34 b(some)h(implemen)m(tations,)i(including)d(wxWidgets,)i(the)f (t)m(w)m(o)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(are)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)150 2016 y(equal.\))390 2183 y Fk(PENPATTERN)150 2351 y Fs(outputs)c (system-sp)s(eci\014c)h(p)s(en)e(information.)150 2537 y Fh(p)s(en)390 2684 y Fk(PEN)47 b(\(library)e(procedure\))150 2852 y Fs(outputs)27 b(a)h(list)h(con)m(taining)g(the)f(p)s(en's)e(p)s (osition,)j(mo)s(de,)f(thic)m(kness,)h(and)e(hardw)m(are-sp)s(eci\014c) g(c)m(harac-)150 2961 y(teristics,)32 b(for)e(use)g(b)m(y)g Fk(SETPEN)p Fs(.)150 3129 y(See)h([SETPEN],)f(page)h(45,)g(.)150 3315 y Fh(bac)m(kground)390 3462 y Fk(BACKGROUND)390 3572 y(BG)150 3739 y Fs(outputs)24 b(the)h(graphics)f(bac)m(kground)h (color,)i(either)e(as)g(a)g(slot)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(or)i(as)g(an)f(R)m (GB)i(list,)g(whic)m(hev)m(er)150 3849 y(w)m(a)m(y)31 b(it)g(w)m(as)g(set.)41 b(\(See)31 b Fk(PENCOLOR)p Fs(.\))150 4076 y Fr(6.7)68 b(Sa)l(ving)46 b(and)e(Loading)i(Pictures)150 4254 y Fh(sa)m(v)m(epict)390 4401 y Fk(SAVEPICT)g(filename)150 4569 y Fs(command.)38 b(W)-8 b(rites)24 b(a)f(\014le)g(with)g(the)g(sp) s(eci\014ed)f(name)h(con)m(taining)i(the)e(state)h(of)f(the)g(graphics) g(windo)m(w,)150 4678 y(including)f(an)m(y)h(nonstandard)e(color)j (palette)g(settings,)i(in)c(Logo's)i(in)m(ternal)f(format.)38 b(This)22 b(picture)h(can)150 4788 y(b)s(e)33 b(restored)h(to)g(the)g (screen)g(using)f Fk(LOADPICT)p Fs(.)49 b(The)33 b(format)h(is)g(not)g (p)s(ortable)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(platforms,)150 4897 y(nor)j(is)h(it)g(readable)h(b)m(y)e(other)i(programs.)65 b([EPSPICT],)38 b(page)h(47,)j(to)e(exp)s(ort)e(Logo)i(graphics)f(for) 150 5007 y(other)31 b(programs.)150 5193 y Fh(loadpict)390 5340 y Fk(LOADPICT)46 b(filename)p eop end %%Page: 47 60 TeXDict begin 47 59 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Graphics)2689 b(47)150 299 y(command.)39 b(Reads)25 b(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(\014le,)j(whic)m(h)d(m)m(ust)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b) s(een)d(written)h(b)m(y)g(a)g Fk(SAVEPICT)e Fs(command,)150 408 y(and)29 b(restores)h(the)g(graphics)g(windo)m(w)f(and)g(color)i (palette)g(settings)f(to)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(stored)f(in)h(the)g (\014le.)150 518 y(An)m(y)g(dra)m(wing)h(previously)f(on)g(the)h (screen)f(is)g(cleared.)150 686 y(See)h([SA)-10 b(VEPICT],)29 b(page)i(46,)h(.)150 871 y Fh(epspict)390 1018 y Fk(EPSPICT)46 b(filename)150 1185 y Fs(command.)66 b(W)-8 b(rites)40 b(a)f(\014le)g(with)g(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(name,)j(con)m(taining)f (an)f(Encapsulated)g(P)m(ostscript)150 1295 y(\(EPS\))c(represen)m (tation)h(of)f(the)g(state)h(of)f(the)g(graphics)g(windo)m(w.)53 b(This)34 b(\014le)h(can)h(b)s(e)e(imp)s(orted)g(in)m(to)150 1404 y(other)g(programs)f(that)h(understand)d(EPS)i(format.)50 b(Restrictions:)e(the)33 b(dra)m(wing)h(cannot)g(use)f Fk(FILL)p Fs(,)150 1514 y Fk(PENERASE)p Fs(,)27 b(or)j Fk(PENREVERSE)p Fs(;)d(an)m(y)i(suc)m(h)g(instructions)g(will)h(b)s(e)f (ignored)g(in)g(the)g(translation)i(to)f(P)m(ost-)150 1624 y(script)g(form.)150 1791 y(See)h([FILL],)f(page)i(41,)f(,)g(See)f ([PENERASE],)h(page)g(44,)g(,)g(See)f([PENREVERSE],)g(page)i(44,)f(.) 150 2018 y Fr(6.8)68 b(Mouse)45 b(Queries)150 2194 y Fh(mousep)s(os)390 2341 y Fk(MOUSEPOS)150 2509 y Fs(outputs)38 b(the)h(co)s(ordinates)g(of)f(the)h(mouse,)i(pro)m(vided)d(that)h(it's) g(within)f(the)h(graphics)f(windo)m(w,)i(in)150 2618 y(turtle)i(co)s(ordinates.)76 b(If)41 b(the)h(mouse)g(is)g(outside)g (the)g(graphics)f(windo)m(w,)k(then)c(the)h(last)h(p)s(osition)150 2728 y(within)26 b(the)g(windo)m(w)g(is)g(returned.)39 b(Exception:)g(If)26 b(a)h(mouse)f(button)g(is)g(pressed)g(within)f (the)i(graphics)150 2838 y(windo)m(w)34 b(and)g(held)g(while)g(the)h (mouse)f(is)h(dragged)g(outside)f(the)h(windo)m(w,)g(the)g(mouse's)f(p) s(osition)h(is)150 2947 y(returned)29 b(as)i(if)f(the)h(windo)m(w)f(w)m (ere)g(big)h(enough)f(to)h(include)f(it.)150 3132 y Fh(clic)m(kp)s(os) 390 3279 y Fk(CLICKPOS)150 3447 y Fs(outputs)38 b(the)g(co)s(ordinates) h(that)f(the)h(mouse)f(w)m(as)g(at)h(when)e(a)i(mouse)f(button)g(w)m (as)g(most)h(recen)m(tly)150 3556 y(pushed,)28 b(pro)m(vided)h(that)g (that)h(p)s(osition)f(w)m(as)h(within)e(the)i(graphics)f(windo)m(w,)g (in)f(turtle)i(co)s(ordinates.)150 3666 y(\(wxWidgets)i(only\))150 3851 y Fh(buttonp)390 3998 y Fk(BUTTONP)390 4107 y(BUTTON?)150 4275 y Fs(outputs)e Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(a)g(mouse)g(button)g(is)g(do)m (wn)g(and)f(the)i(mouse)f(is)g(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)g(graphics)f(windo)m (w.)40 b(Once)150 4384 y(the)29 b(button)g(is)f(do)m(wn,)h Fk(BUTTONP)e Fs(remains)i(true)g(un)m(til)g(the)g(button)f(is)h (released,)i(ev)m(en)e(if)g(the)g(mouse)g(is)150 4494 y(dragged)i(out)f(of)h(the)f(graphics)h(windo)m(w.)150 4679 y Fh(button)390 4826 y Fk(BUTTON)150 4994 y Fs(outputs)j(0)g(if)h (no)f(mouse)g(button)g(has)g(b)s(een)f(pushed)g(inside)h(the)g(Logo)i (windo)m(w)d(since)i(the)g(last)g(call)150 5103 y(to)e Fk(BUTTON)p Fs(.)43 b(Otherwise,)32 b(it)g(outputs)g(an)f(in)m(teger)j (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)e(1)g(and)g(3)g(indicating)h(whic)m(h)e(button)h(w)m (as)150 5213 y(most)39 b(recen)m(tly)h(pressed.)64 b(Ordinarily)37 b(1)i(means)g(left,)i(2)e(means)f(righ)m(t,)k(and)c(3)g(means)h(cen)m (ter,)j(but)150 5322 y(op)s(erating)31 b(systems)f(ma)m(y)h (recon\014gure)f(these.)p eop end %%Page: 48 61 TeXDict begin 48 60 bop eop end %%Page: 49 62 TeXDict begin 49 61 bop 3659 -116 a Fs(49)150 299 y Fp(7)80 b(W)-13 b(orkspace)52 b(Managemen)l(t)150 712 y Fr(7.1)68 b(Pro)t(cedure)45 b(De\014nition)150 924 y Fh(to)390 1071 y Fk(TO)i(procname)f(:input1)g(:input2)f(...)95 b(\(special)46 b(form\))150 1239 y Fs(command.)k(Prepares)34 b(Logo)g(to)h(accept)g(a)f(pro)s(cedure)e(de\014nition.)51 b(The)33 b(pro)s(cedure)f(will)i(b)s(e)f(named)150 1348 y Fl(pro)s(cname)41 b Fs(and)36 b(there)h(m)m(ust)g(not)g(already)g(b)s (e)f(a)h(pro)s(cedure)f(b)m(y)h(that)g(name.)60 b(The)36 b(inputs)g(will)h(b)s(e)150 1458 y(called)30 b Fl(input1)36 b Fs(etc.)41 b(An)m(y)29 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(inputs)f(are)h(allo)m (w)m(ed,)j(including)c(none.)40 b(Names)30 b(of)f(pro)s(cedures)150 1567 y(and)h(inputs)f(are)i(case-insensitiv)m(e.)150 1735 y(Unlik)m(e)36 b(ev)m(ery)g(other)f(Logo)i(pro)s(cedure,)e(TO)f (tak)m(es)j(as)e(its)h(inputs)e(the)h(actual)i(w)m(ords)d(t)m(yp)s(ed)h (in)g(the)150 1845 y(instruction)28 b(line,)h(as)f(if)g(they)g(w)m(ere) g(all)h(quoted,)g(rather)f(than)f(the)h(results)g(of)g(ev)-5 b(aluating)29 b(expressions)150 1954 y(to)i(pro)m(vide)g(the)f(inputs.) 40 b(\(That's)31 b(what)f Fl(sp)s(ecial)h(form)f Fs(means.\))150 2122 y(This)d(v)m(ersion)h(of)g(Logo)h(allo)m(ws)g(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(of)i(inputs)f(to)h(a)g(pro)s(cedure.) 39 b(After)28 b(the)g(pro)s(cedure)150 2232 y(name)i(come)i(four)d (kinds)h(of)g(things,)h Fg(in)h(this)i(or)-5 b(der)10 b Fs(:)581 2399 y Fk(1.)143 b(0)47 b(or)g(more)g(REQUIRED)e(inputs)190 b(:FOO)46 b(:FROBOZZ)581 2509 y(2.)143 b(0)47 b(or)g(more)g(OPTIONAL)e (inputs)190 b([:BAZ)46 b(87])h([:THINGO)e(5+9])581 2619 y(3.)143 b(0)47 b(or)g(1)h(REST)e(input)572 b([:GARPLY])581 2728 y(4.)143 b(0)47 b(or)g(1)h(DEFAULT)d(number)381 b(5)150 2896 y Fs(Ev)m(ery)27 b(pro)s(cedure)f(has)h(a)g Fl(minim)m(um)p Fs(,)g Fl(default)p Fs(,)i(and)d Fl(maxim)m(um)h Fs(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(inputs.)38 b(\(The)27 b(latter)i(can)150 3005 y(b)s(e)h(in\014nite.\))150 3173 y(The)j Fl(minim)m(um)h Fs(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(inputs)f(is)h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h (required)f(inputs,)h(whic)m(h)g(m)m(ust)g(come)g(\014rst.)150 3283 y(A)c(required)g(input)f(is)i(indicated)g(b)m(y)f(the)390 3450 y Fk(:inputname)150 3618 y Fs(notation.)150 3786 y(After)21 b(all)h(the)g(required)e(inputs)g(can)h(b)s(e)g(zero)h(or)f (more)g(optional)h(inputs,)g(eac)m(h)h(of)e(whic)m(h)g(is)g(represen)m (ted)150 3895 y(b)m(y)30 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(notation:)390 4063 y Fk([:inputname)45 b(default.value.expressio)o(n])150 4231 y Fs(When)30 b(the)h(pro)s(cedure)f(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)j(if)d (actual)i(inputs)e(are)g(not)h(supplied)f(for)g(these)h(optional)h (inputs,)150 4340 y(the)27 b Fl(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(expression)p Fs(s)f(are)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)28 b(to)f(set)g(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(for)g(the)f(corresp)s(onding)g(input)g(names.)150 4450 y(The)32 b(inputs)g(are)h(pro)s(cessed)g(from)f(left)h(to)h(righ)m (t,)g(so)f(a)g(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(expression)e(can)h(b)s(e)g (based)f(on)150 4560 y(earlier)f(inputs.)40 b(Example:)390 4727 y Fk(to)47 b(proc)g(:inlist)f([:startvalue)e(first)i(:inlist])150 4895 y Fs(If)30 b(the)g(pro)s(cedure)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e (sa)m(ying)390 5063 y Fk(proc)47 b([a)g(b)g(c])150 5230 y Fs(then)39 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b Fk(inlist)e Fs(will)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)40 b Fk([A)47 b(B)g(C])39 b Fs(and)g(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b Fk(startvalue)d Fs(will)150 5340 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fk(A)p Fs(.)40 b(If)30 b(the)h(pro)s(cedure)e(is)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)g (b)m(y)g(sa)m(ying)p eop end %%Page: 50 63 TeXDict begin 50 62 bop 150 -116 a Fs(50)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)390 299 y Fk(\(proc)46 b([a)i(b)f(c])g("x\))150 467 y Fs(then)30 b Fk(inlist)f Fs(will)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b Fk([A)48 b(B)f(C])30 b Fs(and)g Fk(startvalue)d Fs(will)k(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fk(X)p Fs(.)150 634 y(After)i(all)h(the)f(required)f(and)h(optional)h(input)e (can)h(come)h(a)f(single)h Fl(rest)h Fs(input,)e(represen)m(ted)g(b)m (y)g(the)150 744 y(follo)m(wing)f(notation:)390 912 y Fk([:inputname])150 1079 y Fs(This)d(is)h(a)g(rest)g(input)e(rather)i (than)g(an)f(optional)i(input)e(b)s(ecause)h(there)f(is)h(no)g(default) g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(expres-)150 1189 y(sion.)39 b(There)26 b(can)g(b)s(e)g(at)h(most)f(one)h(rest)f(input.)39 b(When)25 b(the)i(pro)s(cedure)e(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)j(the)d(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(of)f(this)150 1298 y Fl(inputname)33 b Fs(will)d(b)s(e)e(a) i(list)f(con)m(taining)i(all)f(of)f(the)g(actual)i(inputs)d(pro)m (vided)g(that)i(w)m(ere)g(not)f(used)f(for)150 1408 y(required)i(or)g (optional)h(inputs.)40 b(Example:)390 1576 y Fk(to)47 b(proc)g(:in1)f([:in2)h("foo])f([:in3)h("baz])f([:in4])150 1743 y Fs(If)30 b(this)g(pro)s(cedure)f(is)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(b)m(y)e (sa)m(ying)390 1911 y Fk(proc)47 b("x)150 2079 y Fs(then)34 b Fk(in1)f Fs(has)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 b Fk(X)p Fs(,)h Fk(in2)e Fs(has)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Fk(FOO)p Fs(,)f Fk(in3)f Fs(has)h(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)34 b Fk(BAZ)p Fs(,)g(and)g Fk(in4)f Fs(has)h(the)150 2188 y(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fk([])f Fs(\(the)h(empt)m(y)f(list\).)42 b(If)30 b(it's)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(b) m(y)e(sa)m(ying)390 2356 y Fk(\(proc)46 b("a)i("b)f("c)g("d)g("e\))150 2524 y Fs(then)31 b Fk(in1)g Fs(has)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fk(A)p Fs(,)g Fk(in2)f Fs(has)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fk(B)p Fs(,)g Fk(in3)f Fs(has)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fk(C)p Fs(,)g(and)f Fk(in4)g Fs(has)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)150 2633 y Fk([D)47 b(E])p Fs(.)150 2801 y(The)24 b Fg(maximum)32 b Fs(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(of)i(inputs)e(for)h(a)h(pro)s(cedure)e(is)h (in\014nite)g(if)h(a)f(rest)h(input)e(is)i(giv)m(en;)i(otherwise,)150 2911 y(it)k(is)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(required)g(inputs)f(plus) h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(optional)g(inputs.)150 3078 y(The)k Fg(default)45 b Fs(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)34 b(of)i(inputs)e(for) i(a)g(pro)s(cedure,)f(whic)m(h)h(is)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i (inputs)e(that)j(it)f(will)150 3188 y(accept)f(if)e(its)h(in)m(v)m(o)s (cation)h(is)f(not)g(enclosed)g(in)f(paren)m(theses,)h(is)g(ordinarily) f(equal)h(to)g(the)g(minim)m(um)150 3298 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)j(If)24 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(a)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(default)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) g(y)m(ou)g(can)h(indicate)g(that)g(b)m(y)g(putting)f(the)g(desired)150 3407 y(default)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(as)h(the)h(last)g(thing)f(on)h (the)f Fk(TO)g Fs(line.)41 b(example:)390 3575 y Fk(to)47 b(proc)g(:in1)f([:in2)h("foo])f([:in3])g(3)150 3743 y Fs(This)c(pro)s(cedure)f(has)h(a)h(minim)m(um)e(of)i(one)f(input,)j(a)e (default)g(of)f(three)h(inputs,)h(and)e(an)g(in\014nite)150 3852 y(maxim)m(um.)150 4020 y(Logo)f(resp)s(onds)c(to)j(the)g Fk(TO)f Fs(command)g(b)m(y)g(en)m(tering)i(pro)s(cedure)d(de\014nition) h(mo)s(de.)68 b(The)39 b(prompt)150 4130 y(c)m(haracter)46 b(c)m(hanges)f(from)f Fk(?)g Fs(to)g Fk(>)g Fs(and)g(whatev)m(er)h (instructions)f(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(b)s(ecome)f(part)g(of)h(the)150 4239 y(de\014nition)30 b(un)m(til)h(y)m(ou)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h(a)g(line)f (con)m(taining)i(only)f(the)f(w)m(ord)g Fk(END)p Fs(.)150 4477 y Fh(de\014ne)390 4624 y Fk(DEFINE)46 b(procname)g(text)150 4792 y Fs(command.)56 b(De\014nes)35 b(a)h(pro)s(cedure)e(with)i(name)f Fl(pro)s(cname)40 b Fs(and)35 b(text)h Fl(text)p Fs(.)57 b(If)35 b(there)h(is)g(already)g(a)150 4902 y(pro)s(cedure)22 b(with)h(the)h(same)g(name,)h(the)e(new)g(de\014nition)g(replaces)i (the)e(old)h(one.)38 b(The)23 b Fl(text)k Fs(input)22 b(m)m(ust)150 5011 y(b)s(e)35 b(a)h(list)g(whose)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(are) h(lists.)56 b(The)35 b(\014rst)g(mem)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(a)h(list)g(of)g (inputs;)h(it)f(lo)s(oks)g(lik)m(e)h(a)f Fk(TO)150 5121 y Fs(line)c(but)f(without)h(the)f(w)m(ord)h Fk(TO)p Fs(,)f(without)h (the)g(pro)s(cedure)e(name,)i(and)f(without)h(the)g(colons)g(b)s(efore) 150 5230 y(input)g(names.)49 b(In)32 b(other)h(w)m(ords,)h(the)f(mem)m (b)s(ers)f(of)h(this)g(\014rst)f(sublist)h(are)g(w)m(ords)g(for)g(the)g (names)g(of)150 5340 y(required)27 b(inputs)f(and)h(lists)h(for)f(the)g (names)h(of)f(optional)i(or)e(rest)h(inputs.)39 b(The)26 b(remaining)i(sublists)f(of)p eop end %%Page: 51 64 TeXDict begin 51 63 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(51)150 299 y(the)27 b Fl(text)i Fs(input)d(mak)m(e)h(up)f(the)g(b)s(o)s(dy)f(of)i (the)g(pro)s(cedure,)f(with)g(one)h(sublist)f(for)g(eac)m(h)i (instruction)f(line)150 408 y(of)32 b(the)g(b)s(o)s(dy)-8 b(.)44 b(\(There)31 b(is)h(no)g Fk(END)f Fs(line)h(in)f(the)h(text)h (input.\))45 b(It)32 b(is)f(an)h(error)f(to)i(rede\014ne)e(a)h (primitiv)m(e)150 518 y(pro)s(cedure)d(unless)h(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b Fk(REDEFP)c Fs(has)i(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fk(TRUE)p Fs(.)150 686 y(See)g([REDEFP],)g(page)g(91,)h(.)150 882 y Fh(text)390 1029 y Fk(TEXT)47 b(procname)150 1197 y Fs(outputs)29 b(the)h(text)h(of)f(the)g(pro)s(cedure)e(named)i Fl(pro)s(cname)k Fs(in)29 b(the)h(form)g(exp)s(ected)g(b)m(y)f Fk(DEFINE)p Fs(:)39 b(a)30 b(list)150 1306 y(of)c(lists,)h(the)e (\014rst)g(of)g(whic)m(h)g(describ)s(es)g(the)h(inputs)e(to)i(the)f (pro)s(cedure)g(and)f(the)i(rest)f(of)h(whic)m(h)f(are)h(the)150 1416 y(lines)h(of)g(its)g(b)s(o)s(dy)-8 b(.)38 b(The)26 b(text)i(do)s(es)e(not)h(re\015ect)g(formatting)h(information)f(used)f (when)f(the)i(pro)s(cedure)150 1526 y(w)m(as)k(de\014ned,)e(suc)m(h)h (as)h(con)m(tin)m(uation)h(lines)f(and)e(extra)i(spaces.)150 1722 y Fh(fulltext)390 1869 y Fk(FULLTEXT)46 b(procname)150 2037 y Fs(outputs)41 b(a)g(represen)m(tation)i(of)e(the)g(pro)s(cedure) f Fl(pro)s(cname)46 b Fs(in)41 b(whic)m(h)g(formatting)h(information)g (is)150 2146 y(preserv)m(ed.)55 b(If)34 b(the)i(pro)s(cedure)e(w)m(as)h (de\014ned)f(with)h Fk(TO)p Fs(,)h Fk(EDIT)p Fs(,)f(or)g Fk(LOAD)p Fs(,)h(then)f(the)g(output)g(is)g(a)g(list)150 2256 y(of)42 b(w)m(ords.)74 b(Eac)m(h)42 b(w)m(ord)f(represen)m(ts)h (one)g(en)m(tire)g(line)g(of)g(the)g(de\014nition)f(in)h(the)g(form)f (output)g(b)m(y)150 2365 y Fk(READWORD)p Fs(,)35 b(including)g(extra)h (spaces)g(and)f(con)m(tin)m(uation)j(lines.)56 b(The)35 b(last)i(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)f(output)150 2475 y(represen)m(ts)29 b(the)g Fk(END)f Fs(line.)40 b(If)29 b(the)g(pro)s(cedure)f(w)m(as)h (de\014ned)f(with)g Fk(DEFINE)p Fs(,)g(then)h(the)g(output)f(is)h(a)g (list)150 2584 y(of)f(lists.)41 b(If)27 b(these)i(lists)g(are)f(prin)m (ted,)h(one)f(p)s(er)f(line,)i(the)g(result)f(will)g(lo)s(ok)h(lik)m(e) g(a)g(de\014nition)f(using)f Fk(TO)p Fs(.)150 2694 y(Note:)42 b(the)31 b(output)f(from)f Fk(FULLTEXT)g Fs(is)h(not)h(suitable)g(for)f (use)g(as)g(input)g(to)h Fk(DEFINE)p Fs(!)150 2862 y(See)g([TO],)f (page)h(49,)h(,)e([EDIT],)h(page)g(61,)h(,)e([LO)m(AD],)i(page)f(63,)g (,)g([DEFINE],)h(page)f(50,)g(.)150 3058 y Fh(cop)m(ydef)390 3205 y Fk(COPYDEF)46 b(newname)g(oldname)150 3373 y Fs(command.)e(Mak)m (es)32 b Fl(newname)37 b Fs(a)31 b(pro)s(cedure)g(iden)m(tical)i(to)f Fl(oldname)p Fs(.)44 b(The)31 b(latter)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(a)g(primi-) 150 3482 y(tiv)m(e.)40 b(If)22 b Fl(newname)28 b Fs(w)m(as)23 b(already)g(de\014ned,)h(its)f(previous)f(de\014nition)h(is)g(lost.)39 b(If)22 b Fl(newname)28 b Fs(w)m(as)23 b(already)150 3592 y(a)k(primitiv)m(e,)h(the)f(rede\014nition)f(is)g(not)h(p)s (ermitted)f(unless)g(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b Fk(REDEFP)e Fs(has)h(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)27 b Fk(TRUE)p Fs(.)150 3760 y(Note:)43 b(dialects)33 b(of)e(Logo)h(di\013er)f(as)g(to)h(the)f (order)g(of)g(inputs)f(to)h Fk(COPYDEF)p Fs(.)41 b(This)30 b(dialect)j(uses)d Fk("MAKE)150 3869 y Fs(order,)p Fk(")g Fs(not)g Fk("NAME)f Fs(order.)p Fk(")150 4037 y Fs(See)i([REDEFP],)g (page)g(91,)h(,)e([SA)-10 b(VE],)31 b(page)g(62,)g(,)g([PO],)g(page)g (56,)g(,)g([POT],)f(page)h(57,)h(.)150 4275 y Fr(7.2)68 b(V)-11 b(ariable)46 b(De\014nition)150 4463 y Fh(mak)m(e)390 4610 y Fk(MAKE)h(varname)e(value)150 4778 y Fs(command.)40 b(Assigns)30 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fl(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Fs(to)c(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(named)g Fl(v)-5 b(arname)p Fs(,)30 b(whic)m(h)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(a)h(w)m(ord.)150 4887 y(V)-8 b(ariable)37 b(names)e(are)h(case-insensitiv)m(e.)59 b(If)35 b(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(with)f(the)h(same)g(name)f(already)h (exists,)i(the)150 4997 y(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(that)h(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(is)e(c)m(hanged.)41 b(If)30 b(not,)h(a)g(new)f(global)h (v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(is)e(created.)150 5193 y Fh(name)390 5340 y Fk(NAME)47 b(value)f(varname)g(\(library)f(procedure\))p eop end %%Page: 52 65 TeXDict begin 52 64 bop 150 -116 a Fs(52)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(command.)40 b(Same)31 b(as)g Fk(MAKE)e Fs(but)g(with)h(the)h(inputs)e(in)h(rev)m(erse)h(order.)150 584 y Fh(lo)s(cal)390 731 y Fk(LOCAL)46 b(varname)390 840 y(LOCAL)g(varnamelist)390 950 y(\(LOCAL)g(varname1)g(varname2)f (...\))150 1117 y Fs(command.)51 b(Accepts)35 b(as)f(inputs)e(one)i(or) g(more)g(w)m(ords,)h(or)e(a)i(list)f(of)g(w)m(ords.)51 b(A)33 b(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(is)f(created)150 1227 y(for)26 b(eac)m(h)h(of)f(these)h(w)m(ords,)g(with)f(that)g(w)m(ord)g(as)g(its)h (name.)39 b(The)26 b(v)-5 b(ariables)27 b(are)f(lo)s(cal)i(to)f(the)f (curren)m(tly)150 1337 y(running)34 b(pro)s(cedure.)56 b(Logo)37 b(v)-5 b(ariables)37 b(follo)m(w)g(dynamic)e(scop)s(e)h (rules;)j(a)d(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(that)f(is)g(lo)s(cal)h(to)150 1446 y(a)k(pro)s(cedure)f(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)44 b(to)e(an)m(y)f(subpro)s(cedure)e(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)j(b)m(y)f(that)h (pro)s(cedure.)72 b(The)40 b(v)-5 b(ariables)150 1556 y(created)41 b(b)m(y)e Fk(LOCAL)f Fs(ha)m(v)m(e)j(no)e(initial)i(v)-5 b(alue;)45 b(they)39 b(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)i(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(\(e.g.,)k(with)39 b Fk(MAKE)p Fs(\))150 1665 y(b)s(efore)30 b(the)h(pro)s(cedure)e(attempts)i(to)g(read)f(their)h(v) -5 b(alue.)150 1833 y(See)31 b([MAKE],)g(page)g(51,)g(.)150 2118 y Fh(lo)s(calmak)m(e)390 2265 y Fk(LOCALMAKE)45 b(varname)h(value)g(\(library)g(procedure\))150 2433 y Fs(command.)d(Mak)m(es)33 b(the)f(named)e(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(lo)s(cal,)g(lik)m(e)f Fk(LOCAL)p Fs(,)f(and)f(assigns)i(it)g(the)f (giv)m(en)h(v)-5 b(alue,)33 b(lik)m(e)150 2542 y Fk(MAKE)p Fs(.)150 2710 y(See)e([LOCAL],)f(page)h(52,)g(,)g(See)g([MAKE],)g(page) g(51,)g(.)150 2995 y Fh(thing)390 3142 y Fk(THING)46 b(varname)390 3251 y(:quoted.varname)150 3419 y Fs(outputs)32 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(whose)e(name)g(is)h(the)g(input.)46 b(If)32 b(there)h(is)f(more)h (than)f(one)h(suc)m(h)150 3528 y(v)-5 b(ariable,)44 b(the)c(innermost)g (lo)s(cal)i(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(of)f(that)h(name)f(is)g(c)m(hosen.)71 b(The)40 b(colon)h(notation)h(is)e(an)150 3638 y(abbreviation)31 b(not)g(for)f Fk(THING)f Fs(but)g(for)i(the)f(com)m(bination)390 3806 y Fk(thing)46 b(")150 3973 y Fs(so)31 b(that)g Fk(:FOO)e Fs(means)h Fk(THING)46 b("FOO)o Fs(.)150 4258 y Fh(global)390 4405 y Fk(GLOBAL)g(varname)390 4515 y(GLOBAL)g(varnamelist)390 4624 y(\(GLOBAL)g(varname1)f(varname2)h(...\))150 4792 y Fs(command.)58 b(Accepts)38 b(as)e(inputs)f(one)i(or)f(more)h(w)m (ords,)g(or)g(a)f(list)h(of)g(w)m(ords.)58 b(A)36 b(global)i(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)150 4902 y(created)23 b(for)e(eac)m(h)i(of)f(these)g (w)m(ords,)h(with)e(that)i(w)m(ord)e(as)h(its)g(name.)38 b(The)21 b(only)g(reason)h(this)g(is)g(necessary)150 5011 y(is)37 b(that)g(y)m(ou)g(migh)m(t)h(w)m(an)m(t)f(to)h(use)e(the)h Fk(")p Fs(setter)p Fk(")h Fs(notation)g Fk(SETXYZ)d Fs(for)h(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b Fk(XYZ)e Fs(that)h(do)s(es)150 5121 y(not)29 b(already)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)f(v)-5 b(alue;)30 b Fk(GLOBAL)46 b("XYZ)28 b Fs(mak)m(es)h(that)h(legal.)42 b(Note:)f(If)29 b(there)g(is)g(curren)m(tly)f(a)i(lo)s(cal)150 5230 y(v)-5 b(ariable)24 b(of)f(the)h(same)f(name,)i(this)e(command)g(do)s(es)g (*not*)i(mak)m(e)f(Logo)g(use)f(the)g(global)i(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(instead)150 5340 y(of)31 b(the)f(lo)s(cal)i(one.)p eop end %%Page: 53 66 TeXDict begin 53 65 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(53)150 299 y Fr(7.3)68 b(Prop)t(ert)l(y)45 b(Lists)150 458 y Fs(Note:)k(Names)35 b(of)f(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(lists)g(are)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(case-insensitiv)m (e.)54 b(Names)35 b(of)f(individual)g(prop)s(erties)150 568 y(are)24 b(case-sensitiv)m(e)i(or)d(case-insensitiv)m(e)j(dep)s (ending)c(on)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(of)g Fk(CASEIGNOREDP)p Fs(,)d(whic)m(h)j(is)f Fk(TRUE)150 677 y Fs(b)m(y)30 b(default.)150 845 y(See)h([CASEIGNOREDP],)f(page)h(89,)h(.)150 1013 y(In)k(principle,)h(ev)m(ery)g(p)s(ossible)f(name)g(is)h(the)f (name)g(of)h(a)g(prop)s(ert)m(y)e(list,)k(whic)m(h)d(is)g(initially)i (empt)m(y)-8 b(.)150 1122 y(So)29 b(Logo)i(nev)m(er)f(giv)m(es)h(a)f Fk(")p Fs(no)f(suc)m(h)g(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(list)p Fk(")h Fs(error,)f(as)h(it)g(w)m(ould)f(for)g(unde\014ned)f(pro)s(cedure)g(or) 150 1232 y(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(names.)39 b(But)25 b(the)h(primitiv)m(e) g(pro)s(cedures)d(that)j(deal)g(with)f Fk(")p Fs(all)p Fk(")g Fs(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(lists)h(\()p Fk(CONTENTS)p Fs(,)150 1342 y Fk(PLISTS)p Fs(,)g(etc.\))40 b(list)27 b(only)f(nonempt)m(y)g(ones.)40 b(T)-8 b(o)27 b Fk(")p Fs(erase)p Fk(")f Fs(a)g(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(list)h([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,) h(means)150 1451 y(to)j(mak)m(e)g(it)g(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(remo)m(ving)f(all)g(prop)s(erties)f(from)g(it.)150 1647 y Fh(pprop)390 1794 y Fk(PPROP)46 b(plistname)g(propname)f(value) 150 1961 y Fs(command.)40 b(Adds)29 b(a)i(prop)s(ert)m(y)e(to)i(the)f Fl(plistname)36 b Fs(prop)s(ert)m(y)29 b(list)i(with)f(name)g Fl(propname)k Fs(and)29 b(v)-5 b(alue)150 2071 y Fl(v)g(alue)p Fs(.)150 2266 y Fh(gprop)390 2413 y Fk(GPROP)46 b(plistname)g(propname) 150 2581 y Fs(outputs)35 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)h Fl(propname)j Fs(prop)s(ert)m(y)34 b(in)h(the)g Fl(plistname)41 b Fs(prop)s(ert)m(y)34 b(list,)j(or)e(the)h(empt)m(y)150 2691 y(list)31 b(if)f(there)h(is)f(no)h(suc)m(h)f(prop)s(ert)m(y)-8 b(.)150 2886 y Fh(remprop)390 3033 y Fk(REMPROP)46 b(plistname)f (propname)150 3201 y Fs(command.)38 b(Remo)m(v)m(es)25 b(the)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)f(named)h Fl(propname)k Fs(from)c(the)g(prop)s (ert)m(y)f(list)i(named)e Fl(plistname)p Fs(.)150 3396 y Fh(plist)390 3543 y Fk(PLIST)46 b(plistname)150 3711 y Fs(outputs)41 b(a)h(list)h(whose)f(o)s(dd-n)m(um)m(b)s(ered)d(mem)m (b)s(ers)i(are)i(the)f(names,)i(and)e(whose)f(ev)m(en-n)m(um)m(b)s (ered)150 3820 y(mem)m(b)s(ers)25 b(are)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alues,)27 b(of)f(the)g(prop)s(erties)f(in)h(the)g(prop)s(ert)m(y)f (list)h(named)g Fl(plistname)p Fs(.)39 b(The)25 b(output)150 3930 y(is)32 b(a)h(cop)m(y)g(of)g(the)g(actual)g(prop)s(ert)m(y)f (list;)i(c)m(hanging)g(prop)s(erties)e(later)h(will)g(not)f(magically)j (c)m(hange)f(a)150 4040 y(list)d(output)f(earlier)h(b)m(y)g Fk(PLIST)p Fs(.)150 4277 y Fr(7.4)68 b(W)-11 b(orkspace)45 b(Predicates)150 4464 y Fh(pro)s(cedurep)390 4611 y Fk(PROCEDUREP)g (name)390 4720 y(PROCEDURE?)g(name)150 4888 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is)i(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(pro)s (cedure.)150 5083 y Fh(primitiv)m(ep)390 5230 y Fk(PRIMITIVEP)45 b(name)390 5340 y(PRIMITIVE?)g(name)p eop end %%Page: 54 67 TeXDict begin 54 66 bop 150 -116 a Fs(54)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(outputs)45 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is) h(the)h(name)f(of)h(a)g(primitiv)m(e)g(pro)s(cedure)e(\(one)i(built)f (in)m(to)h(Logo\).)150 408 y(Note)37 b(that)f(some)g(of)g(the)g(pro)s (cedures)e(describ)s(ed)h(in)g(this)h(do)s(cumen)m(t)f(are)h(library)g (pro)s(cedures,)g(not)150 518 y(primitiv)m(es.)150 704 y Fh(de\014nedp)390 851 y Fk(DEFINEDP)46 b(name)390 961 y(DEFINED?)g(name)150 1129 y Fs(outputs)e Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)g(the)h (input)f(is)h(the)g(name)f(of)h(a)g(user-de\014ned)f(pro)s(cedure,)j (including)d(a)h(library)150 1238 y(pro)s(cedure.)150 1424 y Fh(namep)390 1571 y Fk(NAMEP)h(name)390 1681 y(NAME?)g(name)150 1849 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)h(input)e(is)i(the)f(name) h(of)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 2035 y Fh(plistp)390 2182 y Fk(PLISTP)46 b(name)390 2292 y(PLIST?)g(name)150 2459 y Fs(outputs)27 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(the)g(input)g(is)g(the)g(name)h(of) f(a)h Fg(nonempty)37 b Fs(prop)s(ert)m(y)26 b(list.)41 b(\(In)26 b(principle)h(ev)m(ery)h(w)m(ord)150 2569 y(is)k(the)h(name)f (of)h(a)f(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(list;)i(if)e(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(en't)g(put)f (an)m(y)h(prop)s(erties)e(in)h(it,)i Fk(PLIST)d Fs(of)h(that)h(name)150 2678 y(outputs)d(an)g(empt)m(y)h(list,)g(rather)f(than)h(giving)g(an)f (error)g(message.\))150 2906 y Fr(7.5)68 b(W)-11 b(orkspace)45 b(Queries)150 3066 y Fs(Note:)66 b(All)43 b(pro)s(cedures)f(whose)g (input)f(is)i(indicated)g(as)g Fl(con)m(ten)m(tslist)k Fs(will)42 b(accept)i(a)f(single)g(w)m(ord)150 3175 y(\(tak)m(en)38 b(as)e(a)h(pro)s(cedure)e(name\),)k(a)e(list)g(of)f(w)m(ords)g(\(tak)m (en)i(as)f(names)f(of)g(pro)s(cedures\),)i(or)e(a)h(list)g(of)150 3285 y(three)31 b(lists)f(as)h(describ)s(ed)e(under)g(the)i Fk(CONTENTS)d Fs(command)i(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)150 3471 y Fh(con)m(ten)m(ts)390 3618 y Fk(CONTENTS)150 3786 y Fs(outputs)j(a)h Fk(")p Fs(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(list,)p Fk(")f Fs(i.e.,)i(a)e(list)g(of)g (three)f(lists)h(con)m(taining)i(names)d(of)h(de\014ned)e(pro)s (cedures,)150 3895 y(v)-5 b(ariables,)28 b(and)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)g (lists)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)41 b(This)26 b(list)h(includes)f (all)i(un)m(buried)c(named)i(items)i(in)e(the)150 4005 y(w)m(orkspace.)150 4191 y Fh(buried)390 4338 y Fk(BURIED)150 4506 y Fs(outputs)k(a)h(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(list)f(including)f(all)h (buried)e(named)h(items)h(in)f(the)g(w)m(orkspace.)150 4692 y Fh(traced)390 4839 y Fk(TRACED)150 5007 y Fs(outputs)g(a)h(con)m (ten)m(ts)h(list)f(including)f(all)h(traced)g(named)f(items)h(in)f(the) g(w)m(orkspace.)150 5193 y Fh(stepp)s(ed)390 5340 y Fk(STEPPED)p eop end %%Page: 55 68 TeXDict begin 55 67 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(55)150 299 y(outputs)30 b(a)h(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(list)f(including)f(all)h(stepp)s (ed)e(named)h(items)h(in)f(the)h(w)m(orkspace.)150 517 y Fh(pro)s(cedures)390 663 y Fk(PROCEDURES)150 831 y Fs(outputs)f(a)h(list)g(of)g(the)f(names)h(of)g(all)g(un)m(buried)e (user-de\014ned)g(pro)s(cedures)g(in)h(the)h(w)m(orkspace.)42 b(Note)150 941 y(that)26 b(this)f(is)g(a)h(list)g(of)f(names,)h(not)g (a)f(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(list.)40 b(\(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)29 b(pro)s(cedures)24 b(that)i(require)f(a)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)150 1050 y(list)31 b(as)g(input)e(will)i(accept)h(this)e(list.\))150 1268 y Fh(primitiv)m(es)390 1415 y Fk(PRIMITIVES)150 1583 y Fs(outputs)d(a)i(list)f(of)g(the)g(names)g(of)g(all)h(primitiv)m (e)f(pro)s(cedures)f(in)h(the)g(w)m(orkspace.)40 b(Note)29 b(that)g(this)f(is)g(a)150 1692 y(list)g(of)g(names,)g(not)f(a)h(con)m (ten)m(ts)h(list.)41 b(\(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)30 b(pro)s(cedures)c(that)i (require)f(a)h(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(list)f(as)g(input)150 1802 y(will)j(accept)h(this)e(list.\))150 2019 y Fh(names)390 2166 y Fk(NAMES)150 2334 y Fs(outputs)d(a)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(list)e (consisting)h(of)g(an)f(empt)m(y)g(list)h(\(indicating)g(no)f(pro)s (cedure)f(names\))h(follo)m(w)m(ed)150 2444 y(b)m(y)j(a)h(list)g(of)g (all)g(un)m(buried)d(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(names)e(in)g(the)g(w)m (orkspace.)150 2661 y Fh(plists)390 2808 y Fk(PLISTS)150 2976 y Fs(outputs)e(a)i(con)m(ten)m(ts)g(list)g(consisting)g(of)f(t)m (w)m(o)h(empt)m(y)f(lists)h(\(indicating)g(no)e(pro)s(cedures)g(or)h(v) -5 b(ariables\))150 3086 y(follo)m(w)m(ed)32 b(b)m(y)e(a)h(list)g(of)g (all)g(un)m(buried)d(nonempt)m(y)j(prop)s(ert)m(y)e(lists)i(in)f(the)h (w)m(orkspace.)150 3303 y Fh(namelist)390 3450 y Fk(NAMELIST)46 b(varname)f(\(library)h(procedure\))390 3560 y(NAMELIST)g(varnamelist) 150 3727 y Fs(outputs)32 b(a)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(list)f(consisting)g(of) g(an)f(empt)m(y)h(list)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)e(a)h(list)f(of)h(the)f (name)h(or)f(names)150 3837 y(giv)m(en)26 b(as)g(input.)38 b(This)24 b(is)h(useful)g(in)g(conjunction)g(with)g(w)m(orkspace)h(con) m(trol)h(pro)s(cedures)c(that)j(require)150 3947 y(a)31 b(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(list)f(as)f(input.)150 4164 y Fh(pllist)390 4311 y Fk(PLLIST)46 b(plname)g(\(library)g(procedure\))390 4421 y(PLLIST)g(plnamelist)150 4589 y Fs(outputs)27 b(a)h(con)m(ten)m (ts)h(list)f(consisting)h(of)e(t)m(w)m(o)i(empt)m(y)f(lists)g(follo)m (w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(a)f(list)i(of)e(the)h(name)g(or)f(names)150 4698 y(giv)m(en)f(as)g(input.)38 b(This)24 b(is)h(useful)g(in)g (conjunction)g(with)g(w)m(orkspace)h(con)m(trol)h(pro)s(cedures)c(that) j(require)150 4808 y(a)31 b(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(list)f(as)f(input.)150 4975 y(See)h([CONTENTS],)e(page)i(54,)h(.)150 5193 y Fh(arit)m(y)390 5340 y Fk(ARITY)46 b(procedurename)p eop end %%Page: 56 69 TeXDict begin 56 68 bop 150 -116 a Fs(56)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(outputs)37 b(a)g(list)h(of)f(three)g(n)m(um)m(b) s(ers:)53 b(the)37 b(minim)m(um,)h(default,)i(and)c(maxim)m(um)h(n)m (um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(inputs)150 408 y(for)32 b(the)h(pro)s(cedure)e (whose)h(name)g(is)g(the)h(input.)45 b(It)33 b(is)f(an)g(error)g(if)h (there)f(is)g(no)h(suc)m(h)e(pro)s(cedure.)46 b(A)150 518 y(maxim)m(um)30 b(of)h(-1)g(means)f(that)h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e (of)h(inputs)g(is)g(unlimited.)150 748 y Fh(no)s(des)390 895 y Fk(NODES)150 1063 y Fs(outputs)23 b(a)g(list)h(of)g(t)m(w)m(o)g (n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)37 b(The)23 b(\014rst)f(represen)m(ts)h(the)h(n)m (um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(no)s(des)f(of)i(memory)f(curren)m(tly)150 1173 y(in)k(use.)39 b(The)27 b(second)g(sho)m(ws)f(the)i(maxim)m(um)e (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(no)s(des)g(that)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(in)f (use)h(at)h(an)m(y)f(time)150 1282 y(since)34 b(the)f(last)i(in)m(v)m (o)s(cation)g(of)f Fk(NODES)p Fs(.)48 b(\(A)34 b(no)s(de)f(is)g(a)h (small)g(blo)s(c)m(k)g(of)f(computer)h(memory)f(as)h(used)150 1392 y(b)m(y)g(Logo.)54 b(Eac)m(h)36 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d(uses)h(one)h (no)s(de.)52 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(non-n)m(umeric)f(w)m(ord)g(uses)g(one)h(no) s(de,)g(plus)f(some)150 1501 y(non-no)s(de)i(memory)g(for)h(the)g(c)m (haracters)h(in)e(the)h(w)m(ord.)59 b(Eac)m(h)38 b(arra)m(y)f(tak)m(es) h(one)f(no)s(de,)h(plus)e(some)150 1611 y(non-no)s(de)c(memory)-8 b(,)35 b(as)e(w)m(ell)h(as)g(the)f(memory)g(required)g(b)m(y)g(its)h (elemen)m(ts.)50 b(Eac)m(h)34 b(list)g(requires)f(one)150 1721 y(no)s(de)j(p)s(er)f(elemen)m(t,)k(as)e(w)m(ell)g(as)g(the)f (memory)g(within)g(the)h(elemen)m(ts.\))60 b(If)35 b(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m (t)g(to)g(trac)m(k)h(the)150 1830 y(memory)32 b(use)g(of)g(an)g (algorithm,)h(it)g(is)f(b)s(est)f(if)h(y)m(ou)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i Fk(GC)e Fs(at)g(the)h(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(eac)m(h)h(iteration,)150 1940 y(since)e(otherwise)g(the)f(maxim)m(um)g(will)h(include)f(storage) i(that)f(is)f(un)m(used)g(but)f(not)i(y)m(et)g(collected.)150 2227 y Fr(7.6)68 b(W)-11 b(orkspace)45 b(Insp)t(ection)150 2449 y Fh(p)s(o)390 2596 y Fk(PRINTOUT)h(contentslist)390 2706 y(PO)h(contentslist)150 2873 y Fs(command.)40 b(Prin)m(ts)28 b(to)i(the)e(write)h(stream)g(the)g(de\014nitions)f(of)h(all)g(pro)s (cedures,)f(v)-5 b(ariables,)30 b(and)e(prop-)150 2983 y(ert)m(y)j(lists)g(named)f(in)g(the)h(input)e(con)m(ten)m(ts)j(list.) 150 3213 y Fh(p)s(oall)390 3360 y Fk(POALL)46 b(\(library)g (procedure\))150 3528 y Fs(command.)40 b(Prin)m(ts)31 b(all)g(un)m(buried)e(de\014nitions)g(in)i(the)f(w)m(orkspace.)42 b(Abbreviates)30 b Fk(PO)48 b(CONTENTS)m Fs(.)150 3696 y(See)31 b([CONTENTS],)e(page)i(54,)h(.)150 3926 y Fh(p)s(ops)390 4073 y Fk(POPS)47 b(\(library)e(procedure\))150 4240 y Fs(command.)c(Prin)m(ts)31 b(the)g(de\014nitions)f(of)g(all)i(un)m (buried)d(pro)s(cedures)g(in)h(the)h(w)m(orkspace.)42 b(Abbreviates)150 4350 y Fk(PO)47 b(PROCEDURES)m Fs(.)150 4518 y(See)31 b([PO],)f(page)h(56,)h(,)e([PR)m(OCEDURES],)h(page)g(55,) g(.)150 4748 y Fh(p)s(ons)390 4895 y Fk(PONS)47 b(\(library)e (procedure\))150 5063 y Fs(command.)57 b(Prin)m(ts)36 b(the)h(de\014nitions)e(of)h(all)h(un)m(buried)d(v)-5 b(ariables)37 b(in)f(the)g(w)m(orkspace.)58 b(Abbreviates)150 5172 y Fk(PO)47 b(NAMES)o Fs(.)150 5340 y(See)31 b([PO],)f(page)h(56,)h (,)e([NAMES],)i(page)f(55,)g(.)p eop end %%Page: 57 70 TeXDict begin 57 69 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(57)150 299 y Fh(p)s(opls)390 446 y Fk(POPLS)46 b(\(library)g(procedure\))150 614 y Fs(command.)57 b(Prin)m(ts)35 b(the)h(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(of)f(all)h (un)m(buried)d(nonempt)m(y)h(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(lists)i(in)e(the)h(w)m (orkspace.)150 723 y(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(PO)47 b(PLISTS)n Fs(.)150 891 y(See)31 b([PO],)f(page)h(56,)h(,)e([PLISTS],)g(page)h (55,)g(.)150 1131 y Fh(p)s(on)390 1278 y Fk(PON)47 b(varname)f (\(library)f(procedure\))390 1388 y(PON)i(varnamelist)150 1555 y Fs(command.)40 b(Prin)m(ts)31 b(the)f(de\014nitions)g(of)h(the)f (named)g(v)-5 b(ariable\(s\).)150 1665 y(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(PO)47 b(NAMELIST)f(varname\(list\))l Fs(.)150 1833 y(See)31 b([PO],)f(page)h(56,)h(,)e([NAMELIST],)h(page)g(55,)g(.)150 2073 y Fh(p)s(opl)390 2220 y Fk(POPL)47 b(plname)f(\(library)f (procedure\))390 2330 y(POPL)i(plnamelist)150 2497 y Fs(command.)40 b(Prin)m(ts)31 b(the)f(de\014nitions)g(of)h(the)f(named) g(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(list\(s\).)150 2607 y(Abbreviates)h Fk(PO)47 b(PLLIST)f(plname\(list\))m Fs(.)150 2775 y(See)31 b([PO],)f(page)h(56,)h(,)e([PLLIST],)g(page)h(55,)h(.)150 3015 y Fh(p)s(ot)390 3162 y Fk(POT)47 b(contentslist)150 3330 y Fs(command.)c(Prin)m(ts)32 b(the)f(title)i(lines)e(of)h(the)f (named)g(pro)s(cedures)f(and)h(the)h(de\014nitions)e(of)i(the)f(named) 150 3439 y(v)-5 b(ariables)32 b(and)g(prop)s(ert)m(y)f(lists.)45 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(prop)s(ert)m(y)e(lists,)i(the)f(en)m(tire)g(list)h(is) f(sho)m(wn)f(on)g(one)i(line)f(instead)150 3549 y(of)f(as)f(a)h(series) g(of)f Fk(PPROP)f Fs(instructions)h(as)h(in)f Fk(PO)p Fs(.)150 3717 y(See)h([PPR)m(OP],)f(page)i(53,)f(,)g([PO],)f(page)h (56,)h(.)150 3957 y Fh(p)s(ots)390 4104 y Fk(POTS)47 b(\(library)e(procedure\))150 4272 y Fs(command.)k(Prin)m(ts)33 b(the)g(title)i(lines)e(of)g(all)h(un)m(buried)e(pro)s(cedures)g(in)g (the)i(w)m(orkspace.)49 b(Abbreviates)150 4381 y Fk(POT)e(PROCEDURES)m Fs(.)150 4549 y(See)31 b([PR)m(OCEDURES],)f(page)h(55,)h(.)150 4851 y Fr(7.7)68 b(W)-11 b(orkspace)45 b(Con)l(trol)150 5083 y Fh(erase)390 5230 y Fk(ERASE)h(contentslist)390 5340 y(ER)h(contentslist)p eop end %%Page: 58 71 TeXDict begin 58 70 bop 150 -116 a Fs(58)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(command.)44 b(Erases)32 b(from)f(the)h(w)m (orkspace)g(the)g(pro)s(cedures,)f(v)-5 b(ariables,)33 b(and)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(lists)h(named)150 408 y(in)i(the)h(input.)53 b(Primitiv)m(e)36 b(pro)s(cedures)d(ma)m(y)i(not)g(b)s(e)f(erased)h (unless)f(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b Fk(REDEFP)e Fs(has)i(the)150 518 y(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fk(TRUE)p Fs(.)150 686 y(See)g([REDEFP],)g(page) g(91,)h(.)150 879 y Fh(erall)390 1026 y Fk(ERALL)150 1194 y Fs(command.)38 b(Erases)24 b(all)h(un)m(buried)c(pro)s(cedures,) j(v)-5 b(ariables,)26 b(and)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)f(lists)h(from)f(the)h(w)m (orkspace.)150 1303 y(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(ERASE)46 b(CONTENTS)n Fs(.)150 1471 y(See)31 b([CONTENTS],)e(page)i(54,)h(.)150 1665 y Fh(erps)390 1812 y Fk(ERPS)150 1979 y Fs(command.)40 b(Erases)31 b(all)g(un)m(buried)e(pro)s(cedures)g(from)h(the)g(w)m (orkspace.)150 2089 y(Abbreviates)h Fk(ERASE)46 b(PROCEDURES)m Fs(.)150 2257 y(See)31 b([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,)h(,)e([PR)m(OCEDURES],)h (page)g(55,)g(.)150 2450 y Fh(erns)390 2597 y Fk(ERNS)150 2765 y Fs(command.)40 b(Erases)31 b(all)g(un)m(buried)e(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(from)f(the)g(w)m(orkspace.)42 b(Abbreviates)30 b Fk(ERASE)47 b(NAMES)n Fs(.)150 2932 y(See)31 b([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,) h(,)e([NAMES],)h(page)g(55,)h(.)150 3126 y Fh(erpls)390 3273 y Fk(ERPLS)150 3440 y Fs(command.)40 b(Erases)31 b(all)g(un)m(buried)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(lists)i(from)f(the)h(w)m (orkspace.)150 3550 y(Abbreviates)g Fk(ERASE)46 b(PLISTS)o Fs(.)150 3718 y(See)31 b([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,)h(,)e([PLISTS],)f(page)j (55,)f(.)150 3911 y Fh(ern)390 4058 y Fk(ERN)47 b(varname)f(\(library)f (procedure\))390 4168 y(ERN)i(varnamelist)150 4335 y Fs(command.)70 b(Erases)40 b(from)f(the)h(w)m(orkspace)h(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable\(s\))41 b(named)f(in)f(the)i(input.)68 b(Abbreviates)150 4445 y Fk(ERASE)46 b(NAMELIST)g Fi(varname\(list\))l Fs(.)150 4613 y(See)31 b([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,)h(,)e([NAMELIST],)h (page)g(55,)g(.)150 4806 y Fh(erpl)390 4953 y Fk(ERPL)47 b(plname)f(\(library)f(procedure\))390 5063 y(ERPL)i(plnamelist)150 5230 y Fs(command.)39 b(Erases)27 b(from)g(the)g(w)m(orkspace)g(the)g (prop)s(ert)m(y)g(list\(s\))h(named)e(in)h(the)g(input.)38 b(Abbreviates)150 5340 y Fk(ERASE)46 b(PLLIST)g Fi(plname\(list\))m Fs(.)p eop end %%Page: 59 72 TeXDict begin 59 71 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(59)150 299 y(See)31 b([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,)h(,)e([PLLIST],)g(page)h(55,)g(.)150 529 y Fh(bury)390 676 y Fk(BURY)47 b(contentslist)150 844 y Fs(command.)75 b(Buries)41 b(the)h(pro)s(cedures,)i(v)-5 b(ariables,)46 b(and)41 b(prop)s(ert)m(y)g(lists)h(named)f(in)h(the)g (input.)74 b(A)150 953 y(buried)30 b(item)j(is)e(not)h(included)f(in)g (the)h(lists)g(output)f(b)m(y)h Fk(CONTENTS)p Fs(,)e Fk(PROCEDURES)p Fs(,)f Fk(VARIABLES)p Fs(,)h(and)150 1063 y Fk(PLISTS)p Fs(,)d(but)g(is)h(included)f(in)g(the)h(list)g (output)g(b)m(y)f Fk(BURIED)p Fs(.)39 b(By)28 b(implication,)h(buried)e (things)h(are)g(not)150 1172 y(prin)m(ted)i(b)m(y)g Fk(POALL)f Fs(or)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e Fk(SAVE)p Fs(.)150 1340 y(See)36 b([CONTENTS],)e(page)j(54,)h(,)f([PR)m(OCEDURES],)e(page)h (55,)i(,)f([PONS],)f(page)g(56,)i(,)f([PLISTS],)150 1450 y(page)31 b(55,)h(,)e([PO)m(ALL],)h(page)g(56,)h(,)e([SA)-10 b(VE],)31 b(page)g(62,)g(.)150 1680 y Fh(bury)m(all)390 1826 y Fk(BURYALL)1955 b(\(library)45 b(procedure\))150 1994 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(BURY)47 b(CONTENTS)p Fs(.)150 2162 y(See)31 b([CONTENTS],)e(page)i(54,)h(.)150 2392 y Fh(buryname)390 2539 y Fk(BURYNAME)46 b(varname)f(\(library)h (procedure\))390 2648 y(BURYNAME)g(varnamelist)150 2816 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(BURY)47 b(NAMELIST)e (varname\(list\))p Fs(.)150 2984 y(See)31 b([BUR)-8 b(Y],)32 b(page)f(59,)g(,)g([NAMELIST],)f(page)h(55,)h(.)150 3214 y Fh(un)m(bury)390 3361 y Fk(UNBURY)46 b(contentslist)150 3528 y Fs(command.)39 b(Un)m(buries)26 b(the)g(pro)s(cedures,)g(v)-5 b(ariables,)28 b(and)d(prop)s(ert)m(y)h(lists)h(named)e(in)h(the)h (input.)38 b(That)150 3638 y(is,)31 b(the)f(named)g(items)h(will)g(b)s (e)f(returned)f(to)i(view)f(in)h Fk(CONTENTS)p Fs(,)d(etc.)150 3806 y(See)j([CONTENTS],)e(page)i(54,)h(.)150 4036 y Fh(un)m(bury)m(all)390 4183 y Fk(UNBURYALL)45 b(\(library)h (procedure\))150 4350 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(UNBURY)46 b(BURIED)p Fs(.)150 4518 y(See)31 b([BURIED],)g(page)g (54,)h(.)150 4748 y Fh(un)m(buryname)390 4895 y Fk(UNBURYNAME)45 b(varname)h(\(library)f(procedure\))390 5005 y(UNBURYNAME)g (varnamelist)150 5172 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(UNBURY)46 b(NAMELIST)g Fi(varname\(list\))p Fs(.)150 5340 y(See)31 b([UNBUR)-8 b(Y],)32 b(page)f(59,)h(,)e([NAMELIST],)h (page)g(55,)g(.)p eop end %%Page: 60 73 TeXDict begin 60 72 bop 150 -116 a Fs(60)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y Fh(buriedp)390 446 y Fk(BURIEDP)46 b(contentslist)390 555 y(BURIED?)g(contentslist)150 723 y Fs(outputs)32 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(the)g(\014rst)g(pro)s(cedure,)f(v) -5 b(ariable,)35 b(or)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)f(list)i(named)f(in)f(the)i(con) m(ten)m(ts)g(list)g(is)150 833 y(buried,)28 b Fk(FALSE)f Fs(if)i(not.)40 b(Only)28 b(the)h(\014rst)f(thing)h(in)f(the)h(list)g (is)g(tested;)h(the)f(most)g(common)g(use)g(will)g(b)s(e)150 942 y(with)35 b(a)g(w)m(ord)g(as)g(input,)h(naming)e(a)i(pro)s(cedure,) f(but)g(a)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(list)e(is)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(so)f(that)f(y) m(ou)h(can)150 1052 y Fk(BURIEDP)28 b([[])i([)p Fi(variable)p Fk(]])d Fs(or)k Fk(BURIEDP)d([[])h([])h([)p Fi(proplist)p Fk(]])p Fs(.)150 1265 y Fh(trace)390 1412 y Fk(TRACE)46 b(contentslist)150 1579 y Fs(command.)61 b(Marks)38 b(the)g(named)e (items)i(for)f(tracing.)63 b(A)38 b(message)g(is)f(prin)m(ted)g(whenev) m(er)h(a)f(traced)150 1689 y(pro)s(cedure)22 b(is)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)j (giving)d(the)g(actual)g(input)f(v)-5 b(alues,)25 b(and)e(whenev)m(er)h (a)g(traced)g(pro)s(cedure)e Fk(STOP)p Fs(s)150 1799 y(or)38 b Fk(OUTPUT)p Fs(s.)60 b(A)38 b(message)g(is)g(prin)m(ted)f (whenev)m(er)g(a)h(new)f(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(is)g(assigned)g(to)g(a)g (traced)g(v)-5 b(ariable)150 1908 y(using)35 b Fk(MAKE)p Fs(.)54 b(A)35 b(message)h(is)f(prin)m(ted)g(whenev)m(er)g(a)h(new)e (prop)s(ert)m(y)h(is)g(giv)m(en)h(to)g(a)g(traced)g(prop)s(ert)m(y)150 2018 y(list)31 b(using)f Fk(PPROP)p Fs(.)150 2185 y(See)h([STOP],)e (page)j(69,)f(,)g([OUTPUT],)f(page)h(69,)g(,)g([MAKE],)g(page)g(51,)h (,)e([PPR)m(OP],)h(page)g(53,)h(.)150 2398 y Fh(un)m(trace)390 2545 y Fk(UNTRACE)46 b(contentslist)150 2713 y Fs(command.)40 b(T)-8 b(urns)29 b(o\013)i(tracing)g(for)g(the)f(named)g(items.)150 2926 y Fh(tracedp)390 3073 y Fk(TRACEDP)46 b(contentslist)390 3182 y(TRACED?)g(contentslist)150 3350 y Fs(outputs)32 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(the)g(\014rst)g(pro)s(cedure,)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)35 b(or)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)f(list)i(named)f(in)f(the)i(con)m (ten)m(ts)g(list)g(is)150 3460 y(traced,)c Fk(FALSE)e Fs(if)h(not.)40 b(Only)28 b(the)i(\014rst)e(thing)h(in)g(the)g(list)g (is)g(tested;)i(the)e(most)g(common)h(use)e(will)i(b)s(e)150 3569 y(with)35 b(a)g(w)m(ord)g(as)g(input,)h(naming)e(a)i(pro)s (cedure,)f(but)g(a)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(list)e(is)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(so)f (that)f(y)m(ou)h(can)150 3679 y Fk(TRACEDP)28 b([[])i([)p Fi(variable)p Fk(]])d Fs(or)k Fk(TRACEDP)d([[])h([])h([)p Fi(proplist)p Fk(]])p Fs(.)150 3892 y Fh(step)390 4039 y Fk(STEP)47 b(contentslist)150 4206 y Fs(command.)39 b(Marks)27 b(the)g(named)g(items)g(for)g(stepping.)39 b(Whenev)m(er)28 b(a)f(stepp)s(ed)f(pro)s(cedure)f(is)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m (ed,)150 4316 y(eac)m(h)f(instruction)e(line)h(in)f(the)g(pro)s(cedure) f(b)s(o)s(dy)g(is)h(prin)m(ted)g(b)s(efore)g(b)s(eing)g(executed,)j (and)d(Logo)h(w)m(aits)150 4426 y(for)35 b(the)h(user)e(to)i(t)m(yp)s (e)g(a)f(newline)h(at)g(the)f(terminal.)56 b(A)35 b(message)i(is)e (prin)m(ted)g(whenev)m(er)g(a)h(stepp)s(ed)150 4535 y(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(name)g(is)g Fl(shado)m(w)m(ed)j Fs(b)s(ecause)d(a)g(lo)s (cal)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(of)e(the)h(same)g(name)g(is)g(created)g (either)h(as)f(a)150 4645 y(pro)s(cedure)f(input)h(or)g(b)m(y)g(the)h Fk(LOCAL)e Fs(command.)150 4812 y(See)i([LOCAL],)f(page)h(52,)g(.)150 5025 y Fh(unstep)390 5172 y Fk(UNSTEP)46 b(contentslist)150 5340 y Fs(command.)40 b(T)-8 b(urns)29 b(o\013)i(stepping)f(for)g(the)h (named)f(items.)p eop end %%Page: 61 74 TeXDict begin 61 73 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(61)150 299 y Fh(stepp)s(edp)390 446 y Fk(STEPPEDP)46 b(contentslist)390 555 y(STEPPED?)g(contentslist)150 723 y Fs(outputs)32 b Fk(TRUE)g Fs(if)h(the)g(\014rst)g(pro)s(cedure,)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)35 b(or)e(prop)s(ert)m(y)f(list)i(named)f(in)f(the)i(con)m (ten)m(ts)g(list)g(is)150 833 y(stepp)s(ed,)e Fk(FALSE)f Fs(if)i(not.)47 b(Only)32 b(the)h(\014rst)e(thing)i(in)f(the)h(list)g (is)f(tested;)j(the)e(most)g(common)f(use)h(will)150 942 y(b)s(e)27 b(with)h(a)g(w)m(ord)g(as)g(input,)g(naming)g(a)g(pro)s (cedure,)g(but)f(a)h(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(list)f(is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(so)e (that)g(y)m(ou)h(can)150 1052 y Fk(STEPPEDP)f([[])i([)p Fi(variable)p Fk(]])d Fs(or)j Fk(STEPPEDP)e([[])i([])g([)p Fi(proplist)p Fk(]])p Fs(.)150 1311 y Fh(edit)390 1458 y Fk(EDIT)47 b(contentslist)390 1568 y(ED)g(contentslist)390 1677 y(\(EDIT\))390 1787 y(\(ED\))150 1955 y Fs(command.)57 b(If)36 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(with)f(an)g(input,)h Fk(EDIT)e Fs(writes)h(the)g(de\014nitions)f(of)i(the)f(named)f(items)i(in)m(to) 150 2064 y(a)g(temp)s(orary)f(\014le)h(and)f(edits)h(that)h(\014le,)h (using)d(an)g(editor)i(that)f(dep)s(ends)e(on)i(the)f(platform)h(y)m (ou're)150 2174 y(using.)j(In)29 b(wxWidgets,)h(and)f(in)g(the)h(MacOS) f(Classic)h(v)m(ersion,)h(there)e(is)h(an)f(editor)h(built)f(in)m(to)i (Logo.)150 2284 y(In)k(the)h(non-wxWidgets)g(v)m(ersions)g(for)f(Unix,) i(MacOS)f(X,)g(Windo)m(ws,)i(and)d(DOS,)g(Logo)i(uses)e(y)m(our)150 2393 y(fa)m(v)m(orite)40 b(editor)f(as)g(determined)e(b)m(y)h(the)h Fk(EDITOR)d Fs(en)m(vironmen)m(t)j(v)-5 b(ariable.)65 b(If)38 b(y)m(ou)g(don't)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(an)150 2503 y Fk(EDITOR)32 b Fs(v)-5 b(ariable,)35 b(edits)e(the)h(de\014nitions)f (using)g Fk(jove)p Fs(.)48 b(If)33 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(without)e(an)g (input,)g Fk(EDIT)g Fs(edits)150 2612 y(the)g(same)f(\014le)h(left)g(o) m(v)m(er)h(from)e(a)h(previous)e Fk(EDIT)h Fs(or)g Fk(EDITFILE)e Fs(instruction.)47 b(When)32 b(y)m(ou)h(lea)m(v)m(e)i(the)150 2722 y(editor,)c(Logo)f(reads)g(the)f(revised)h(de\014nitions)f(and)g (mo)s(di\014es)g(the)h(w)m(orkspace)g(accordingly)-8 b(.)42 b(It)30 b(is)g(not)150 2831 y(an)g(error)g(if)h(the)f(input)g (includes)g(names)g(for)g(whic)m(h)g(there)h(is)f(no)g(previous)g (de\014nition.)150 2999 y(If)35 b(there)g(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b Fk(LOADNOISILY)c Fs(whose)j(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(is)f Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)h(then,)g(after)g(lea)m(ving)h(the)e(editor,)j Fk(TO)150 3109 y Fs(commands)27 b(in)f(the)i(temp)s(orary)e(\014le)h (prin)m(t)g(`)p Fi(procname)h Fk(defined)p Fs(')e(\(where)h Fl(pro)s(cname)k Fs(is)c(the)h(name)f(of)150 3218 y(the)34 b(pro)s(cedure)e(b)s(eing)h(de\014ned\);)i(if)f Fk(LOADNOISILY)c Fs(is)k Fk(FALSE)e Fs(or)i(unde\014ned,)e Fk(TO)h Fs(commands)g(in)h (the)150 3328 y(\014le)c(are)h(carried)g(out)f(silen)m(tly)-8 b(.)150 3496 y(If)28 b(there)h(is)g(an)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(called)g Fk(TEMP)p Fs(,)e(then)g(Logo)i(uses)f(its)g(v) -5 b(alue)29 b(as)g(the)g(directory)g(in)150 3605 y(whic)m(h)h(to)h (write)g(the)f(temp)s(orary)g(\014le)h(used)e(for)h(editing.)150 3773 y(Exceptionally)-8 b(,)29 b(the)d Fk(EDIT)e Fs(command)i(can)g(b)s (e)f(used)f(without)i(its)g(default)g(input)f(and)g(without)g(paren-) 150 3883 y(theses)31 b(pro)m(vided)f(that)h(nothing)f(follo)m(ws)h(it)g (on)g(the)f(instruction)h(line.)150 4050 y(See)g([LO)m(ADNOISIL)-8 b(Y],)31 b(page)g(90,)g(,)g(See)g([EDITFILE],)f(page)h(61,)h(.)150 4310 y Fh(edit\014le)390 4457 y Fk(EDITFILE)46 b(filename)150 4624 y Fs(command.)40 b(Starts)28 b(the)g(Logo)h(editor,)h(lik)m(e)f Fk(EDIT)p Fs(,)f(but)f(instead)i(of)f(editing)h(a)f(temp)s(orary)g (\014le)g(it)h(edits)150 4734 y(the)e(\014le)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)g (the)g(input.)38 b(When)27 b(y)m(ou)h(lea)m(v)m(e)h(the)e(editor,)i (Logo)f(reads)f(the)g(revised)g(\014le,)h(as)f(for)150 4844 y Fk(EDIT)p Fs(.)38 b Fk(EDITFILE)25 b Fs(also)j(remem)m(b)s(ers)f (the)g(\014lename,)h(so)f(that)h(a)f(subsequen)m(t)g Fk(EDIT)e Fs(command)i(with)g(no)150 4953 y(input)i(will)i(re-edit)g (the)g(same)g(\014le.)150 5121 y Fk(EDITFILE)g Fs(is)j(in)m(tended)f (as)h(an)g(alternativ)m(e)i(to)e Fk(LOAD)f Fs(and)f Fk(SAVE)p Fs(.)50 b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(can)g(main)m(tain)g(a)g(w)m(orkspace)150 5230 y(\014le)26 b(y)m(ourself,)i(con)m(trolling)g(the)e(order)g(in)f (whic)m(h)h(de\014nitions)g(app)s(ear,)h(main)m(taining)g(commen)m(ts)g (in)f(the)150 5340 y(\014le,)31 b(and)e(so)i(on.)p eop end %%Page: 62 75 TeXDict begin 62 74 bop 150 -116 a Fs(62)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(In)24 b(the)h(wxWidgets)h(v)m(ersion,)h Fk(EDITFILE)22 b Fs(asks)j(whether)g(or)g(not)g(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)h (to)f(load)h(the)f(\014le)g(in)m(to)h(Logo)150 408 y(when)i(y)m(ou)h (\014nish)f(editing.)41 b(This)28 b(allo)m(ws)j(y)m(ou)e(to)h(use)e Fk(EDITFILE)f Fs(to)j(edit)f(data)h(\014les)f(without)g(lea)m(ving)150 518 y(Logo.)150 702 y Fh(edall)390 848 y Fk(EDALL)46 b(\(library)g(procedure\))150 1016 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(EDIT)47 b(CONTENTS)p Fs(.)150 1184 y(See)31 b([CONTENTS],)e(page)i (54,)h(.)150 1367 y Fh(edps)390 1514 y Fk(EDPS)47 b(\(library)e (procedure\))150 1682 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(EDIT)47 b(PROCEDURES)p Fs(.)150 1850 y(See)31 b([EDIT],)f(page)i (61,)f(,)g([PR)m(OCEDURES],)f(page)h(55,)h(.)150 2033 y Fh(edns)390 2180 y Fk(EDNS)47 b(\(library)e(procedure\))150 2348 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(EDIT)47 b(NAMES)p Fs(.)150 2516 y(See)31 b([EDIT],)f(page)i(61,)f(,)g([NAMES],)g(page)g (55,)g(.)150 2699 y Fh(edpls)390 2846 y Fk(EDPLS)46 b(\(library)g (procedure\))150 3014 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(EDIT)47 b(PLISTS)p Fs(.)150 3181 y(See)31 b([EDIT],)f(page)i(61,)f (,)g([PLISTS],)e(page)i(55,)g(.)150 3365 y Fh(edn)390 3512 y Fk(EDN)47 b(varname)f(\(library)f(procedure\))390 3621 y(EDN)i(varnamelist)150 3789 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(EDIT)47 b(NAMELIST)e Fi(varname\(list\))p Fs(.)150 3957 y(See)31 b([EDIT],)f(page)i(61,)f(,)g([NAMELIST],)f(page)h(55,)h (.)150 4140 y Fh(edpl)390 4287 y Fk(EDPL)47 b(plname)f(\(library)f (procedure\))390 4397 y(EDPL)i(plnamelist)150 4565 y Fs(command.)40 b(Abbreviates)31 b Fk(EDIT)47 b(PLLIST)f Fi(plname\(list\))p Fs(.)150 4732 y(See)31 b([EDIT],)f(page)i(61,)f(,)g ([PLLIST],)e(page)i(55,)h(.)150 4916 y Fh(sa)m(v)m(e)390 5063 y Fk(SAVE)47 b(filename)150 5230 y Fs(command.)40 b(Sa)m(v)m(es)32 b(the)e(de\014nitions)g(of)g(all)h(un)m(buried)e(pro)s (cedures,)g(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b(and)f(nonempt)m(y)g(prop-)150 5340 y(ert)m(y)h(lists)g(in)f(the)h(named)f(\014le.)40 b(Equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)p eop end %%Page: 63 76 TeXDict begin 63 75 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(63)390 299 y Fk(to)47 b(save)g(:filename)390 408 y(local)f("oldwriter)390 518 y(make)h("oldwriter)e(writer)390 628 y(openwrite)g(:filename)390 737 y(setwrite)h(:filename)390 847 y(poall)390 956 y(setwrite)g (:oldwriter)390 1066 y(close)g(:filename)390 1176 y(end)150 1343 y Fs(Exceptionally)-8 b(,)45 b Fk(SAVE)39 b Fs(can)h(b)s(e)f(used) h(with)f(no)h(input)f(and)h(without)g(paren)m(theses)g(if)g(it)h(is)f (the)g(last)150 1453 y(thing)33 b(on)g(the)g(command)g(line.)48 b(In)33 b(this)f(case,)j(the)e(\014lename)h(from)e(the)h(most)g(recen)m (t)h Fk(LOAD)e Fs(or)h Fk(SAVE)150 1562 y Fs(command)d(will)h(b)s(e)f (used.)40 b(\(It)30 b(is)h(an)f(error)g(if)g(there)h(has)f(b)s(een)g (no)g(previous)g Fk(LOAD)f Fs(or)h Fk(SAVE)p Fs(.\))150 1780 y Fh(sa)m(v)m(el)390 1927 y Fk(SAVEL)46 b(contentslist)f(filename) g(\(library)h(procedure\))150 2094 y Fs(command.)39 b(Sa)m(v)m(es)29 b(the)e(de\014nitions)f(of)i(the)f(pro)s(cedures,)g(v)-5 b(ariables,)28 b(and)f(prop)s(ert)m(y)f(lists)i(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y) 150 2204 y Fl(con)m(ten)m(tslist)35 b Fs(to)c(the)f(\014le)h(named)f Fl(\014lename)p Fs(.)150 2421 y Fh(load)390 2568 y Fk(LOAD)47 b(filename)150 2736 y Fs(command.)40 b(Reads)29 b(instructions)g(from)g (the)g(named)g(\014le)g(and)f(executes)j(them.)40 b(The)29 b(\014le)g(can)g(include)150 2845 y(pro)s(cedure)c(de\014nitions)g (with)h Fk(TO)p Fs(,)g(and)f(these)i(are)f(accepted)h(ev)m(en)g(if)f(a) g(pro)s(cedure)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(same)g(name)150 2955 y(already)31 b(exists.)42 b(If)30 b(the)h(\014le)g(assigns)f(a)h(list)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(named)f Fk(STARTUP)p Fs(,)f(then)i(that)g(list)g(is)150 3064 y(run)h(as)i(an)g (instructionlist)g(after)g(the)g(\014le)g(is)f(loaded.)51 b(If)34 b(there)f(is)h(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b Fk(LOADNOISILY)30 b Fs(whose)150 3174 y(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(is)h Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)g(then)e Fk(TO)h Fs(commands)f(in)h(the)g(\014le)g(prin)m(t)g(`)p Fi(procname)28 b Fk(defined)p Fs(')36 b(\(where)i Fl(pro)s(cname)150 3284 y Fs(is)j(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(pro)s(cedure)e(b)s(eing)h (de\014ned\);)47 b(if)41 b Fk(LOADNOISILY)d Fs(is)k Fk(FALSE)e Fs(or)h(unde\014ned,)i Fk(TO)150 3393 y Fs(commands)30 b(in)g(the)h(\014le)f(are)h(carried)f(out)h(silen)m(tly)-8 b(.)150 3561 y(See)31 b([ST)-8 b(AR)g(TUP],)30 b(page)i(91,)f(,)g(See)f ([LO)m(ADNOISIL)-8 b(Y],)31 b(page)h(90,)f(.)150 3778 y Fh(cslsload)390 3925 y Fk(CSLSLOAD)46 b(name)150 4093 y Fs(command.)39 b(Loads)24 b(the)h(named)f(\014le,)i(lik)m(e)f Fk(LOAD)p Fs(,)g(but)f(from)g(the)g(directory)h(con)m(taining)h(the)f (Computer)150 4202 y(Science)31 b(Logo)h(St)m(yle)f(programs)f(instead) h(of)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(user's)g(directory)-8 b(.)150 4370 y(See)31 b([LO)m(AD],)g(page)g(63,)h(.)150 4587 y Fh(help)390 4734 y Fk(HELP)47 b(name)390 4844 y(\(HELP\))150 5011 y Fs(command.)69 b(Prin)m(ts)40 b(information)g(from)f(the)h (reference)h(man)m(ual)f(ab)s(out)f(the)h(primitiv)m(e)h(pro)s(cedure) 150 5121 y(named)26 b(b)m(y)g(the)h(input.)39 b(With)27 b(no)f(input,)g(lists)h(all)h(the)e(primitiv)m(es)i(ab)s(out)e(whic)m (h)g(help)g(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)41 b(If)150 5230 y(there)27 b(is)g(an)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b Fk(LOGOHELP)p Fs(,)f(then)h(its)g(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)f(tak)m(en)h (as)f(the)g(directory)h(in)e(whic)m(h)150 5340 y(to)31 b(lo)s(ok)g(for)f(help)g(\014les,)h(instead)f(of)h(the)g(default)f (help)g(directory)-8 b(.)p eop end %%Page: 64 77 TeXDict begin 64 76 bop 150 -116 a Fs(64)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(If)e Fk(HELP)g Fs(is)g(called)i(with)f(the)f (name)h(of)g(a)g(de\014ned)e(pro)s(cedure)h(for)g(whic)m(h)h(there)g (is)f(no)h(help)f(\014le,)h(it)h(will)150 408 y(prin)m(t)35 b(the)h(title)h(line)f(of)g(the)g(pro)s(cedure)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m (y)f(lines)f(from)h(the)f(pro)s(cedure)g(b)s(o)s(dy)f(that)i(start)150 518 y(with)30 b(semicolon,)i(stopping)e(when)g(a)g(non-semicolon)i (line)e(is)h(seen.)150 686 y(Exceptionally)-8 b(,)29 b(the)d Fk(HELP)e Fs(command)i(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(without)i(its)g (default)g(input)f(and)g(without)g(paren-)150 795 y(theses)31 b(pro)m(vided)f(that)h(nothing)f(follo)m(ws)h(it)g(on)g(the)f (instruction)h(line.)150 991 y Fh(seteditor)390 1138 y Fk(SETEDITOR)45 b(path)150 1306 y Fs(command.)39 b(T)-8 b(ells)25 b(Logo)h(to)f(use)g(the)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(program)h(as)g (its)g(editor)g(instead)g(of)g(the)f(default)h(editor.)150 1415 y(The)30 b(format)h(of)f(a)h(path)f(dep)s(ends)f(on)h(y)m(our)g (op)s(erating)h(system.)150 1611 y Fh(setliblo)s(c)390 1758 y Fk(SETLIBLOC)45 b(path)150 1926 y Fs(command.)64 b(T)-8 b(ells)39 b(Logo)g(to)g(use)f(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(directory)h (as)f(its)h(library)e(instead)i(of)f(the)g(default.)150 2035 y(\(Note)j(that)f(man)m(y)g(Logo)g Fk(")p Fs(primitiv)m(e)p Fk(")g Fs(pro)s(cedures)e(are)i(actually)h(found)d(in)h(the)g(library) -8 b(,)42 b(so)e(they)150 2145 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(ecome)g(una)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32 b(if)e(y)m(our)h(new)f(library)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(include)f (them!\))42 b(The)30 b(format)h(of)f(a)h(path)150 2254 y(dep)s(ends)e(on)h(y)m(our)g(op)s(erating)h(system.)150 2450 y Fh(setcslslo)s(c)390 2597 y Fk(SETCSLSLOC)45 b(path)150 2765 y Fs(command.)40 b(T)-8 b(ells)32 b(Logo)f(to)g(use)f(the)h(sp)s (eci\014ed)e(directory)i(for)f(the)h Fk(CSLSLOAD)d Fs(command,)i (instead)h(of)150 2874 y(the)g(default)f(directory)-8 b(.)42 b(The)30 b(format)g(of)h(a)g(path)f(dep)s(ends)e(on)j(y)m(our)f (op)s(erating)h(system.)150 3042 y(See)g([CSLSLO)m(AD],)f(page)h(63,)g (.)150 3238 y Fh(sethelplo)s(c)390 3385 y Fk(SETHELPLOC)45 b(path)150 3552 y Fs(command.)40 b(T)-8 b(ells)29 b(Logo)g(to)g(lo)s (ok)g(in)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(directory)g(for)g(the)h(information)g (pro)m(vided)f(b)m(y)g(the)150 3662 y(HELP)34 b(command,)h(instead)f (of)g(the)g(default)g(directory)-8 b(.)53 b(The)33 b(format)i(of)f(a)g (path)g(dep)s(ends)e(on)i(y)m(our)150 3771 y(op)s(erating)d(system.)150 3967 y Fh(settemplo)s(c)390 4114 y Fk(SETTEMPLOC)45 b(path)150 4282 y Fs(command.)d(T)-8 b(ells)31 b(Logo)h(to)g(write)f(editor)g (temp)s(orary)g(\014les)g(in)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(directory)h (rather)g(than)150 4391 y(in)g(the)h(default)g(directory)-8 b(.)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(m)m(ust)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(write)f(p)s(ermission)e (for)i(this)f(directory)-8 b(.)46 b(The)31 b(format)h(of)150 4501 y(a)f(path)f(dep)s(ends)e(on)j(y)m(our)f(op)s(erating)h(system.) 150 4697 y Fh(gc)390 4844 y Fk(GC)390 4953 y(\(GC)47 b(anything\))150 5121 y Fs(command.)76 b(Runs)41 b(the)i(garbage)h (collector,)k(reclaiming)43 b(un)m(used)e(no)s(des.)76 b(Logo)44 b(do)s(es)e(this)g(when)150 5230 y(necessary)22 b(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)26 b(but)20 b(y)m(ou)i(ma)m(y)h(w)m(an)m(t)f (to)h(use)e(this)h(command)f(to)h(con)m(trol)h(exactly)h(when)c(Logo)j (do)s(es)150 5340 y(it.)49 b(In)32 b(particular,)i(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s (ers)f(output)g(b)m(y)h(the)g Fk(NODES)f Fs(op)s(eration)h(will)g(not)h (b)s(e)e(v)m(ery)h(meaningful)p eop end %%Page: 65 78 TeXDict begin 65 77 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(W)-8 b(orkspace)32 b(Managemen)m(t)2078 b(65)150 299 y(unless)36 b(garbage)h(has)g(b)s(een)e(collected.)61 b(Another)37 b(reason)f(to)h(use)g Fk(GC)e Fs(is)i(that)g(a)g(garbage)g (collection)150 408 y(tak)m(es)32 b(a)e(noticeable)i(fraction)f(of)f(a) h(second,)f(and)g(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(sc)m(hedule)f (collections)j(for)c(times)150 518 y(b)s(efore)c(or)g(after)h(some)g (time-critical)i(animation.)40 b(If)25 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(an)h (argumen)m(t)f(\(of)h(an)m(y)g(v)-5 b(alue\),)28 b Fk(GC)150 628 y Fs(runs)g(a)h(full)g(garbage)i(collection,)h(including)d Ff(GCTW)-9 b(A)29 b Fs(\(Garbage)i(Collect)g(T)-8 b(ruly)28 b(W)-8 b(orthless)31 b(A)m(toms,)150 737 y(whic)m(h)42 b(means)h(that)g(it)h(remo)m(v)m(es)g(from)e(Logo's)i(memory)e(w)m (ords)h(that)g(used)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(pro)s(cedure)g(or)150 847 y(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(names)g(but)e(aren't)i(an)m(y)g(more\);)i (without)d(an)g(argumen)m(t,)i Fk(GC)e Fs(do)s(es)g(a)h(generational)i (garbage)150 956 y(collection,)50 b(whic)m(h)44 b(means)g(that)g(only)g (recen)m(tly)i(created)f(no)s(des)e(are)h(examined.)82 b(\(The)44 b(latter)h(is)150 1066 y(usually)30 b(go)s(o)s(d)g (enough.\))150 1265 y Fh(.setsegmen)m(tsize)390 1412 y Fk(.SETSEGMENTSIZE)44 b(num)150 1580 y Fs(command.)39 b(Sets)27 b(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(no)s(des)f(that)i(Logo)f(allo) s(cates)j(from)c(the)h(op)s(erating)g(system)g(at)g(once)150 1689 y(to)41 b Fl(n)m(um)p Fs(,)g(whic)m(h)f(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(a)i(p)s (ositiv)m(e)g(in)m(teger.)71 b(The)39 b(name)h(is)g(dotted)g(b)s (ecause)g(bad)g(things)g(will)150 1799 y(happ)s(en)35 b(if)h(y)m(ou)h(use)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(that's)i(to)s(o)g(small)g (or)g(to)s(o)g(large)g(for)f(y)m(our)g(computer.)59 b(The)36 b(initial)150 1909 y(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(is)f(16,000)j(for)c(most)i (systems,)h(but)e(is)g(smaller)h(for)f(68000-based)i(Macs.)65 b(Making)39 b(it)g(larger)150 2018 y(will)32 b(sp)s(eed)f(up)f (computations)i(\(b)m(y)g(reducing)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i (garbage)h(collections\))h(at)e(the)g(cost)h(of)150 2128 y(allo)s(cating)g(more)d(memory)g(than)h(necessary)-8 b(.)p eop end %%Page: 66 79 TeXDict begin 66 78 bop eop end %%Page: 67 80 TeXDict begin 67 79 bop 3659 -116 a Fs(67)150 299 y Fp(8)80 b(Con)l(trol)52 b(Structures)150 616 y Fr(8.1)68 b(Con)l(trol)150 775 y Fs(Note:)43 b(in)30 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)i(descriptions,)e(an)f Fl(instructionlist)k Fs(can)d(b)s(e)f(a)h(list)h(or)f(a)g(w)m(ord.)42 b(In)30 b(the)h(latter)150 885 y(case,)24 b(the)d(w)m(ord)g(is)g (parsed)f(in)m(to)i(list)g(form)e(b)s(efore)h(it)g(is)g(run.)37 b(Th)m(us,)22 b Fk(RUN)47 b(READWORD)18 b Fs(or)j Fk(RUN)47 b(READLIST)150 994 y Fs(will)33 b(w)m(ork.)47 b(The)32 b(former)g(is)h(sligh)m(tly)g(preferable)g(b)s(ecause)f(it)h(allo)m(ws) h(for)e(a)h(con)m(tin)m(ued)h(line)e(\(with)h Fk(~)p Fs(\))150 1104 y(that)e(includes)f(a)h(commen)m(t)g(\(with)g Fk(;)p Fs(\))f(on)g(the)h(\014rst)e(line.)150 1272 y(A)i Fl(tf)48 b Fs(input)30 b(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)g(the)h(w)m(ord)f Fk(FALSE)p Fs(,)g(or)g(a)h(list.)43 b(If)30 b(it's)h(a)h(list,)f(then)g(it)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)150 1381 y(a)e(Logo)g(expression,)f(whic)m(h)g(will)h(b)s(e)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)30 b(to)f(pro)s(duce)e(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(that)f(m)m(ust)g (b)s(e)g Fk(TRUE)f Fs(or)h Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)150 1491 y(The)i (comparisons)g(with)g Fk(TRUE)g Fs(and)f Fk(FALSE)g Fs(are)i(alw)m(a)m (ys)h(case-insensitiv)m(e.)150 1659 y(A)h(runlist)g(can)g(consist)h(of) g(either)g(a)f(single)h(expression)f(\(that)h(pro)s(duces)e(a)i(v)-5 b(alue\))34 b(or)f(zero)i(or)e(more)150 1768 y(instructions)d(\(that)i (do)e(something,)h(rather)f(than)g(output)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alue\),)31 b(dep)s(ending)e(on)i(the)f(con)m(text:)390 1936 y Fk(PRINT)46 b(IFELSE)g(:X<0)h(["NEGATIVE])e(["POSITIVE])92 b(;)48 b(one)f(value)f(in)h(each)g(case)390 2045 y(REPEAT)f(4)i([PRINT) e("A)h(PRINT)f("B])95 b(;)47 b(two)g(instructions)150 2237 y Fh(run)390 2384 y Fk(RUN)g(instructionlist)150 2552 y Fs(command)39 b(or)g(op)s(eration.)67 b(Runs)38 b(the)i(Logo)g(instructions)f(in)f(the)i(input)e(list;)44 b(outputs)39 b(if)g(the)g(list)150 2661 y(con)m(tains)32 b(an)e(expression)g(that)h(outputs.)150 2829 y(See)g([READ)m(W)m(ORD],) i(page)e(20,)g(,)g([READLIST],)f(page)h(20,)h(.)150 3020 y Fh(runresult)390 3167 y Fk(RUNRESULT)45 b(instructionlist)150 3335 y Fs(runs)33 b(the)i(instructions)g(in)f(the)h(input;)i(outputs)d (an)h(empt)m(y)g(list)h(if)e(those)i(instructions)e(pro)s(duce)g(no)150 3444 y(output,)g(or)g(a)g(list)g(whose)f(only)h(mem)m(b)s(er)f(is)h (the)f(output)h(from)f(running)f(the)h(input)g(instructionlist.)150 3554 y(Useful)d(for)g(in)m(v)m(en)m(ting)i(command-or-op)s(eration)g (con)m(trol)f(structures:)390 3722 y Fk(local)46 b("result)390 3831 y(make)h("result)e(runresult)h([something])390 3941 y(if)h(emptyp)f(:result)g([stop])390 4051 y(output)g(first)g(:result) 150 4242 y Fh(rep)s(eat)390 4389 y Fk(REPEAT)g(num)h(instructionlist) 150 4557 y Fs(command.)40 b(Runs)30 b(the)g Fl(instructionlist)j Fs(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(,)32 b Fl(n)m(um)d Fs(times.)150 4748 y Fh(forev)m(er)390 4895 y Fk(FOREVER)46 b(instructionlist)150 5063 y Fs(command.)c(Runs)29 b(the)i Fk(")p Fs(instructionlist)p Fk(")g Fs(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(,)32 b(un)m(til)f(something)g(inside)f (the)h(instructionlist)150 5172 y(\(suc)m(h)f(as)h Fk(STOP)e Fs(or)i Fk(THROW)p Fs(\))e(mak)m(es)i(it)g(stop.)150 5340 y(See)g([STOP],)e(page)j(69,)f(,)g(See)f([THR)m(O)m(W],)i(page)f (69,)h(.)p eop end %%Page: 68 81 TeXDict begin 68 80 bop 150 -116 a Fs(68)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y Fh(rep)s(coun)m(t)390 446 y Fk(REPCOUNT)150 614 y Fs(outputs)g(the)g(rep)s(etition)h(coun)m(t)g(of)f(the)h (innermost)f(curren)m(t)g Fk(REPEAT)f Fs(or)h Fk(FOREVER)p Fs(,)e(starting)j(from)f(1.)150 723 y(If)g(no)g Fk(REPEAT)f Fs(or)h Fk(FOREVER)f Fs(is)h(activ)m(e,)j(outputs)d({1.)150 891 y(The)24 b(abbreviation)i Fk(#)f Fs(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(for)h Fk(REPCOUNT)e Fs(unless)h(the)h Fk(REPEAT)f Fs(is)h(inside)f(the)h (template)i(input)150 1000 y(to)k(a)g(higher)f(order)g(pro)s(cedure)f (suc)m(h)h(as)h Fk(FOREACH)p Fs(,)d(in)i(whic)m(h)g(case)i Fk(#)e Fs(has)g(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(meaning.)150 1213 y Fh(if)390 1360 y Fk(IF)47 b(tf)g(instructionlist)390 1470 y(\(IF)g(tf)g(instructionlist1)c(instructionlist2\))150 1638 y Fs(command.)69 b(If)39 b(the)h(\014rst)g(input)f(has)g(the)h(v) -5 b(alue)41 b Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)g(then)e Fk(IF)h Fs(runs)e(the)i(second)g (input.)68 b(If)40 b(the)150 1747 y(\014rst)31 b(input)h(has)g(the)g(v) -5 b(alue)33 b Fk(FALSE)p Fs(,)e(then)h Fk(IF)f Fs(do)s(es)h(nothing.) 46 b(\(If)32 b(giv)m(en)h(a)g(third)e(input,)h(IF)g(acts)i(lik)m(e)150 1857 y Fk(IFELSE)p Fs(,)29 b(as)i(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m(w.\))41 b(It)31 b(is)f(an)g(error)g(if)h(the)f(\014rst)g(input)f(is)i(not)f (either)h Fk(TRUE)e Fs(or)i Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)150 2024 y(F)-8 b(or)46 b(compatibilit)m(y)i(with)d(earlier)i(v)m(ersions)e(of)h (Logo,)51 b(if)45 b(an)g Fk(IF)g Fs(instruction)h(is)f(not)h(enclosed)g (in)150 2134 y(paren)m(theses,)32 b(but)f(the)h(\014rst)f(thing)g(on)h (the)f(instruction)h(line)g(after)g(the)f(second)h(input)f(expression)g (is)150 2244 y(a)37 b(literal)i(list)e(\(i.e.,)j(a)e(list)f(in)g (square)f(brac)m(k)m(ets\),)41 b(the)c Fk(IF)f Fs(is)h(treated)h(as)f (if)g(it)g(w)m(ere)g Fk(IFELSE)p Fs(,)g(but)g(a)150 2353 y(w)m(arning)32 b(message)h(is)e(giv)m(en.)47 b(If)31 b(this)h(ab)s(erran)m(t)f Fk(IF)g Fs(app)s(ears)h(in)f(a)h(pro)s (cedure)f(b)s(o)s(dy)-8 b(,)31 b(the)h(w)m(arning)g(is)150 2463 y(giv)m(en)f(only)g(the)f(\014rst)g(time)h(the)g(pro)s(cedure)e (is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(in)e(eac)m(h)i(Logo)f(session.)150 2676 y Fh(ifelse)390 2823 y Fk(IFELSE)46 b(tf)h(instructionlist1)d (instructionlist2)150 2990 y Fs(command)31 b(or)g(op)s(eration.)42 b(If)31 b(the)g(\014rst)f(input)g(has)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)e(then)g Fk(IFELSE)g Fs(runs)f(the)i(second)150 3100 y(input.)59 b(If)36 b(the)h(\014rst)f(input)g(has)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)37 b Fk(FALSE)p Fs(,)g(then)g Fk(IFELSE)e Fs(runs)g(the)i(third) f(input.)59 b Fk(IFELSE)150 3209 y Fs(outputs)30 b(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(if)h(the)f Fl(instructionlist)j Fs(con)m(tains)f(an)e (expression)g(that)h(outputs)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue.)150 3422 y Fh(test)390 3569 y Fk(TEST)47 b(tf)150 3737 y Fs(command.)40 b(Remem)m(b)s(ers)30 b(its)g(input,)g(whic)m(h)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f Fk(TRUE)g Fs(or)h Fk(FALSE)p Fs(,)f(for)h(use)g(b)m(y)g(later)h Fk(IFTRUE)d Fs(or)150 3847 y Fk(IFFALSE)i Fs(instructions.)46 b(The)32 b(e\013ect)i(of)e Fk(TEST)f Fs(is)h(lo)s(cal)i(to)f(the)f(pro) s(cedure)f(in)h(whic)m(h)g(it)h(is)f(used;)h(an)m(y)150 3956 y(corresp)s(onding)c Fk(IFTRUE)g Fs(or)h Fk(IFFALSE)f Fs(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)g(in)g(the)g(same)h(pro)s(cedure)e(or)i(a)f(subpro)s (cedure.)150 4124 y(See)h([IFF)-10 b(ALSE],)30 b(page)i(68,)f(.)150 4337 y Fh(iftrue)390 4484 y Fk(IFTRUE)46 b(instructionlist)390 4593 y(IFT)h(instructionlist)150 4761 y Fs(command.)41 b(Runs)29 b(its)i(input)f(if)g(the)h(most)g(recen)m(t)h Fk(TEST)d Fs(instruction)h(had)g(a)h Fk(TRUE)f Fs(input.)40 b(The)30 b Fk(TEST)150 4871 y Fs(m)m(ust)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)d(in)i (the)f(same)h(pro)s(cedure)e(or)h(a)h(sup)s(erpro)s(cedure.)150 5083 y Fh(i\013alse)390 5230 y Fk(IFFALSE)46 b(instructionlist)390 5340 y(IFF)h(instructionlist)p eop end %%Page: 69 82 TeXDict begin 69 81 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Con)m(trol)31 b(Structures)2302 b(69)150 299 y(command.)39 b(Runs)26 b(its)i(input)e(if)h(the)g(most)h(recen)m(t)g Fk(TEST)e Fs(instruction)h(had)g(a)g Fk(FALSE)f Fs(input.)38 b(The)27 b Fk(TEST)150 408 y Fs(m)m(ust)j(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)d(in)i (the)f(same)h(pro)s(cedure)e(or)h(a)h(sup)s(erpro)s(cedure.)150 576 y(See)g([TEST],)e(page)i(68,)h(.)150 806 y Fh(stop)390 953 y Fk(STOP)150 1121 y Fs(command.)48 b(Ends)31 b(the)i(running)e(of) i(the)g(pro)s(cedure)e(in)i(whic)m(h)f(it)h(app)s(ears.)47 b(Con)m(trol)34 b(is)f(returned)e(to)150 1230 y(the)g(con)m(text)i(in)e (whic)m(h)f(that)i(pro)s(cedure)e(w)m(as)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)44 b(The)31 b(stopp)s(ed)f(pro)s(cedure)f(do)s(es)i(not)g(output)150 1340 y(a)g(v)-5 b(alue.)150 1570 y Fh(output)390 1717 y Fk(OUTPUT)46 b(value)390 1826 y(OP)h(value)150 1994 y Fs(command.)39 b(Ends)26 b(the)h(running)f(of)h(the)g(pro)s(cedure)f (in)h(whic)m(h)g(it)h(app)s(ears.)39 b(That)27 b(pro)s(cedure)e (outputs)150 2104 y(the)30 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fl(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Fs(to)c(the)f(con)m(text)i(in)e(whic)m(h)g(it)g(w)m(as)g (in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)43 b(Don't)30 b(b)s(e)g(confused:)40 b Fk(OUTPUT)28 b Fs(itself)j(is)150 2213 y(a)g(command,)f(but)g(the)g (pro)s(cedure)g(that)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)h Fk(OUTPUT)c Fs(is)j(an)f(op)s(eration.)150 2443 y Fh(catc)m(h)390 2590 y Fk(CATCH)46 b(tag)h(instructionlist)150 2758 y Fs(command)31 b(or)h(op)s(eration.)45 b(Runs)30 b(its)i(second)g (input.)43 b(Outputs)30 b(if)i(that)g Fl(instructionlist)i Fs(outputs.)44 b(If,)150 2868 y(while)22 b(running)f(the)i (instructionlist,)i(a)e Fk(THROW)e Fs(instruction)h(is)h(executed)g (with)f(a)h(tag)h(equal)f(to)g(the)g(\014rst)150 2977 y(input)37 b(\(case-insensitiv)m(e)j(comparison\),)h(then)c(the)h (running)e(of)i(the)g Fl(instructionlist)j Fs(is)c(terminated)150 3087 y(immediately)-8 b(.)59 b(In)35 b(this)h(case)h(the)f Fk(CATCH)e Fs(outputs)i(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(input)f(is)h(giv)m (en)h(to)g Fk(THROW)p Fs(.)56 b(The)35 b Fl(tag)150 3196 y Fs(m)m(ust)30 b(b)s(e)g(a)h(w)m(ord.)150 3364 y(If)38 b(the)g(tag)h(is)f(the)h(w)m(ord)e Fk(ERROR)p Fs(,)i(then)f(an)m(y)h (error)e(condition)i(that)g(arises)f(during)f(the)h(running)f(of)150 3474 y(the)30 b(instructionlist)g(has)f(the)h(e\013ect)g(of)g Fk(THROW)46 b("ERROR)28 b Fs(instead)i(of)f(prin)m(ting)h(an)f(error)g (message)i(and)150 3583 y(returning)j(to)j(toplev)m(el.)57 b(The)35 b Fk(CATCH)f Fs(do)s(es)h(not)h(output)f(if)g(an)g(error)g(is) g(caugh)m(t.)57 b(Also,)38 b(during)c(the)150 3693 y(running)d(of)h (the)h(instructionlist,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b Fk(ERRACT)e Fs(is)h(temp)s(orarily)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)44 b(\(If)33 b(there)g(is)f(an)150 3802 y(error)39 b(while)h Fk(ERRACT)d Fs(has)j(a)f(v)-5 b(alue,)43 b(that)d(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)f(tak)m(en)i(as)f(an)f(instructionlist)h(to)h(b)s(e)d(run)g(after) 150 3912 y(prin)m(ting)30 b(the)h(error)f(message.)42 b(T)m(ypically)31 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fk(ERRACT)p Fs(,)f(if)h(an)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(is)e(the)h(list)g Fk([PAUSE])p Fs(.\))150 4080 y(See)g([ERR)m(OR],)f(page)i(70,)f(,)g([ERRA)m(CT],)f (page)h(89,)h(,)f([P)-8 b(A)m(USE],)31 b(page)g(70,)h(.)150 4310 y Fh(thro)m(w)390 4457 y Fk(THROW)46 b(tag)390 4566 y(\(THROW)g(tag)h(value\))150 4734 y Fs(command.)40 b(Must)30 b(b)s(e)f(used)g(within)h(the)g(scop)s(e)f(of)h(a)h Fk(CATCH)d Fs(with)h(an)h(equal)g(tag.)42 b(Ends)29 b(the)h(running)150 4844 y(of)f(the)h(instructionlist)g(of)f(the)g Fk(CATCH)p Fs(.)39 b(If)29 b Fk(THROW)f Fs(is)h(used)f(with)h(only)g(one)h(input,) f(the)g(corresp)s(onding)150 4953 y Fk(CATCH)k Fs(do)s(es)h(not)h (output)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue.)53 b(If)34 b Fk(THROW)f Fs(is)h(used)g(with) g(t)m(w)m(o)i(inputs,)f(the)f(second)h(pro)m(vides)f(an)150 5063 y(output)c(for)g(the)h Fk(CATCH)p Fs(.)150 5230 y Fk(THROW)46 b("TOPLEVEL)28 b Fs(can)j(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(terminate)g (all)h(running)c(pro)s(cedures)h(and)h(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(pauses,)150 5340 y(and)45 b(return)f(to)i(the)g(toplev)m(el)h(instruction)e (prompt.)85 b(T)m(yping)45 b(the)h(system)f(in)m(terrupt)g(c)m (haracter)p eop end %%Page: 70 83 TeXDict begin 70 82 bop 150 -116 a Fs(70)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(\()p Fk(alt-S)38 b Fs(for)h(wxWidgets;)44 b(otherwise)c(normally)f Fk(control-C)e Fs(for)h(Unix,)k Fk(control-Q)36 b Fs(for)j(DOS,)g(or)150 408 y Fk(command-period)26 b Fs(for)31 b(Mac\))g(has)g(the)f(same)h(e\013ect.)150 576 y Fk(THROW)46 b("ERROR)37 b Fs(can)h(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)i(generate)h (an)e(error)g(condition.)65 b(If)38 b(the)g(error)g(is)g(not)h(caugh)m (t,)i(it)150 686 y(prin)m(ts)30 b(a)h(message)h(\()p Fk(THROW)d("ERROR)o Fs(\))i(with)f(the)h(usual)f(indication)i(of)f (where)f(the)h(error)f(\(in)h(this)g(case)150 795 y(the)c Fk(THROW)p Fs(\))f(o)s(ccurred.)39 b(If)27 b(a)h(second)f(input)f(is)h (used)g(along)h(with)f(a)h(tag)g(of)f Fk(ERROR)p Fs(,)g(that)h(second)f (input)150 905 y(is)i(used)e(as)i(the)g(text)h(of)f(the)f(error)h (message)g(instead)g(of)g(the)g(standard)f(message.)41 b(Also,)30 b(in)e(this)h(case,)150 1015 y(the)i(lo)s(cation)h (indicated)g(for)e(the)h(error)g(will)g(b)s(e,)f(not)h(the)g(lo)s (cation)i(of)e(the)g Fk(THROW)p Fs(,)e(but)h(the)h(lo)s(cation)150 1124 y(where)24 b(the)g(pro)s(cedure)g(con)m(taining)i(the)e Fk(THROW)f Fs(w)m(as)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)40 b(This)24 b(allo)m(ws)h(user-de\014ned)e(pro)s(cedures)150 1234 y(to)31 b(generate)i(error)d(messages)i(as)f(if)f(they)h(w)m(ere)g (primitiv)m(es.)43 b(Note:)f(in)31 b(this)f(case)i(the)f(corresp)s (onding)150 1343 y Fk(CATCH)46 b("ERROR)o Fs(,)29 b(if)f(an)m(y)-8 b(,)30 b(do)s(es)e(not)g(output,)h(since)f(the)h(second)f(input)g(to)h Fk(THROW)e Fs(is)h(not)g(considered)h(a)150 1453 y(return)g(v)-5 b(alue.)150 1621 y Fk(THROW)46 b("SYSTEM)24 b Fs(immediately)k(lea)m(v) m(es)g(Logo,)g(returning)d(to)i(the)f(op)s(erating)h(system,)g(without) f(prin)m(t-)150 1730 y(ing)37 b(the)g(usual)g(parting)g(message)h(and)f (without)g(deleting)h(an)m(y)g(editor)f(temp)s(orary)g(\014le)g (written)g(b)m(y)150 1840 y(EDIT.)150 2007 y(See)31 b([EDIT],)f(page)i (61,)f(.)150 2217 y Fh(error)390 2364 y Fk(ERROR)150 2532 y Fs(outputs)c(a)g(list)h(describing)f(the)g(error)g(just)g(caugh) m(t,)i(if)e(an)m(y)-8 b(.)40 b(If)27 b(there)g(w)m(as)h(not)f(an)h (error)e(caugh)m(t)j(since)150 2641 y(the)i(last)h(use)f(of)g Fk(ERROR)p Fs(,)g(the)g(empt)m(y)g(list)h(will)g(b)s(e)e(output.)43 b(The)30 b(error)h(list)h(con)m(tains)g(four)e(mem)m(b)s(ers:)150 2751 y(an)c(in)m(teger)i(co)s(de)e(corresp)s(onding)g(to)h(the)f(t)m (yp)s(e)g(of)h(error,)g(the)f(text)i(of)e(the)g(error)g(message)i(\(as) f(a)f(single)150 2860 y(w)m(ord)38 b(including)g(spaces\),)j(the)e (name)f(of)g(the)h(pro)s(cedure)e(in)h(whic)m(h)g(the)g(error)g(o)s (ccurred,)i(and)e(the)150 2970 y(instruction)30 b(line)h(on)f(whic)m(h) g(the)h(error)f(o)s(ccurred.)150 3179 y Fh(pause)390 3326 y Fk(PAUSE)150 3494 y Fs(command)d(or)g(op)s(eration.)41 b(En)m(ters)27 b(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(pause.)40 b(The)26 b(user)h(is)g(prompted)g(for)g(instructions,)150 3604 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b(at)g(the)g(time)g(of)f(the)h(error.)150 4487 y(T)m(yping)25 b(the)h(system)g(quit)f(c)m(haracter)i(\()p Fk(alt-S)e Fs(for)g(wxWidgets;)j(otherwise)e(normally)g Fk(control-\\)d Fs(for)150 4597 y(Unix,)30 b Fk(control-W)e Fs(for)i(DOS,)h(or)f Fk(command-comma)d Fs(for)j(Mac\))i(will)e(also)i (en)m(ter)f(a)g(pause.)150 4764 y(See)g([ERRA)m(CT],)f(page)h(89,)h(.) 150 4974 y Fh(con)m(tin)m(ue)390 5121 y Fk(CONTINUE)46 b(value)390 5230 y(CO)h(value)390 5340 y(\(CONTINUE\))p eop end %%Page: 71 84 TeXDict begin 71 83 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Con)m(trol)31 b(Structures)2302 b(71)390 299 y Fk(\(CO\))150 467 y Fs(command.)42 b(Ends)30 b(the)h(curren)m(t)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j (pause,)d(returning)f(to)i(the)f(con)m(text)i(of)e(the)g Fk(PAUSE)f Fs(in)m(v)m(o-)150 576 y(cation)j(that)g(b)s(egan)f(it.)46 b(If)31 b Fk(CONTINUE)f Fs(is)i(giv)m(en)h(an)f(input,)g(that)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(used)f(as)i(the)f(output)f(from)150 686 y(the)g Fk(PAUSE)p Fs(.)39 b(If)30 b(not,)h(the)f Fk(PAUSE)f Fs(do)s(es)h(not)h(output.)150 853 y(Exceptionally)-8 b(,)36 b(the)d Fk(CONTINUE)e Fs(command)h(can)i(b)s(e)e(used)g(without) h(its)g(default)h(input)e(and)g(without)150 963 y(paren)m(theses)f(pro) m(vided)f(that)h(nothing)f(follo)m(ws)h(it)g(on)g(the)f(instruction)h (line.)150 1178 y Fh(w)m(ait)390 1325 y Fk(WAIT)47 b(time)150 1493 y Fs(command.)52 b(Dela)m(ys)36 b(further)d(execution)j(for)e Fl(time)40 b Fs(60ths)35 b(of)f(a)h(second.)53 b(Also)35 b(causes)f(an)m(y)h(bu\013ered)150 1603 y(c)m(haracters)42 b(destined)f(for)f(the)h(terminal)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(prin)m(ted)f (immediately)-8 b(.)74 b Fk(WAIT)46 b(0)41 b Fs(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)g (to)150 1712 y(ac)m(hiev)m(e)33 b(this)d(bu\013er)f(\015ushing)g (without)i(actually)h(w)m(aiting.)150 1928 y Fh(b)m(y)m(e)390 2075 y Fk(BYE)150 2242 y Fs(command.)40 b(Exits)31 b(from)f(Logo;)i (returns)d(to)i(the)g(op)s(erating)f(system.)150 2458 y Fh(.ma)m(yb)s(eoutput)390 2605 y Fk(.MAYBEOUTPUT)44 b(value)j(\(special)e(form\))150 2773 y Fs(w)m(orks)35 b(lik)m(e)i Fk(OUTPUT)c Fs(except)j(that)g(the)f(expression)g(that)h (pro)m(vides)f(the)h(input)e(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(migh)m(t)h(not,)h(in)150 2882 y(fact,)29 b(output)e(a)g(v)-5 b(alue,)28 b(in)f(whic)m(h)g(case)h (the)f(e\013ect)i(is)e(lik)m(e)h Fk(STOP)p Fs(.)39 b(This)26 b(is)h(in)m(tended)g(for)g(use)g(in)f(con)m(trol)150 2992 y(structure)38 b(de\014nitions,)i(for)f(cases)g(in)f(whic)m(h)g(y) m(ou)h(don't)g(kno)m(w)f(whether)g(or)h(not)f(some)h(expression)150 3101 y(pro)s(duces)29 b(a)i(v)-5 b(alue.)41 b(Example:)390 3269 y Fk(to)47 b(invoke)f(:function)g([:inputs])f(2)390 3379 y(.maybeoutput)f(apply)j(:function)e(:inputs)390 3488 y(end)390 3707 y(?)i(\(invoke)f("print)g("a)i("b)f("c\))390 3817 y(a)g(b)h(c)390 3927 y(?)f(print)g(\(invoke)f("word)g("a)h("b)g ("c\))390 4036 y(abc)150 4204 y Fs(This)40 b(is)i(an)f(alternativ)m(e)j (to)e Fk(RUNRESULT)p Fs(.)70 b(It's)42 b(fast)g(and)e(easy)i(to)g(use,) i(at)e(the)g(cost)g(of)f(b)s(eing)g(an)150 4313 y(exception)e(to)f 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b(input)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(a)h(literal)h(w)m(ord)f(follo)m(wing)h(a)f (quotation)h(mark)e(\()p Fk(")p Fs(\),)150 723 y(not)k(the)f(result)g (of)h(a)g(computation.)41 b(T)-8 b(ags)32 b(are)e(used)g(b)m(y)g(the)h Fk(GOTO)e Fs(command.)150 935 y Fh(ignore)390 1082 y Fk(IGNORE)46 b(value)g(\(library)g(procedure\))150 1250 y Fs(command.)61 b(Do)s(es)38 b(nothing.)61 b(Used)37 b(when)f(an)h(expression)g(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)39 b(for)e(a)g(side)g (e\013ect)i(and)e(its)150 1359 y(actual)32 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f(unimp)s(ortan)m(t.)150 1571 y Fh(`)390 1718 y Fk(`)47 b(list)g(\(library)f(procedure\))150 1886 y Fs(outputs)20 b(a)h(list)h(equal)f(to)g(its)h(input)d(but)h(with)h(certain)g (substitutions.)37 b(If)21 b(a)g(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(the)g(input)f (list)h(is)150 1996 y(the)26 b(w)m(ord)f(`)p Fk(,)p Fs(')h(\(comma\))i (then)d(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(mem)m(b)s(er)f(should)e(b)s(e)i(an)f (instructionlist)i(that)f(pro)s(duces)150 2105 y(an)34 b(output)h(when)e(run.)52 b(That)34 b(output)g(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(replaces)h(the)f(comma)g(and)f(the)h(instructionlist.)53 b(If)35 b(a)150 2215 y(mem)m(b)s(er)26 b(of)g(the)h(input)f(list)h(is)f (the)h(w)m(ord)f(`)p Fk(,@)p Fs(')g(\(comma)i(atsign\))f(then)g(the)f (follo)m(wing)i(mem)m(b)s(er)e(should)150 2324 y(b)s(e)f(an)i (instructionlist)f(that)h(outputs)f(a)g(list)h(when)e(run.)38 b(The)26 b(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)h(that)h(list)g(replace)g(the)f(`)p Fk(,@)p Fs(')150 2434 y(and)k(the)g(instructionlist.)42 b(Example:)390 2602 y Fk(show)47 b(`[foo)f(baz)h(,[bf)g([a)g(b)g(c]])g (garply)f(,@[bf)h([a)g(b)g(c]]])150 2769 y Fs(will)31 b(prin)m(t)390 2937 y Fk([foo)47 b(baz)g([b)g(c])g(garply)f(b)h(c])150 3105 y Fs(A)34 b(w)m(ord)g(starting)h(with)f(`)p Fk(,)p Fs(')g(or)g(`)p Fk(,@)p Fs(')g(is)g(treated)h(as)g(if)f(the)g(rest)g (of)h(the)f(w)m(ord)g(w)m(ere)g(a)h(one-w)m(ord)f(list,)150 3214 y(e.g.,)e(`)p Fk(,:foo)p Fs(')d(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(`)p Fk(,[:Foo])p Fs('.)150 3382 y(A)i(w)m(ord)g(starting)h(with) f(`)p Fk(",)p 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y Fs(command.)60 b(The)37 b(\014rst)f(input)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(a)i(list)f(con)m(taining)i(three) e(or)g(four)f(mem)m(b)s(ers:)54 b(\(1\))38 b(a)f(w)m(ord,)150 5340 y(whic)m(h)24 b(will)g(b)s(e)f(used)h(as)g(the)g(name)g(of)g(a)h (lo)s(cal)g(v)-5 b(ariable;)27 b(\(2\))e(a)g(w)m(ord)e(or)h(list)h (that)g(will)f(b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)26 b(as)p eop end %%Page: 73 86 TeXDict begin 73 85 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Con)m(trol)31 b(Structures)2302 b(73)150 299 y(b)m(y)26 b Fk(RUN)f Fs(to)i(determine)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g(the)g(starting)h (v)-5 b(alue)27 b(of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable;)28 b(\(3\))g(a)e(w)m(ord)g (or)g(list)h(that)g(will)150 408 y(b)s(e)33 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 b(to)g(determine)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g(the)h(limit)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable;)36 b(\(4\))f(an)e(optional)h(w)m (ord)150 518 y(or)g(list)g(that)h(will)f(b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(to)g(determine)f(the)g(step)g(size.)52 b(If)34 b(the)g(fourth)f(mem)m(b)s(er)g(is)h(missing,)150 628 y(the)i(step)f(size)i(will)f(b)s(e)f(1)h(or)f({1)i(dep)s(ending)d (on)h(whether)g(the)h(limit)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(is)g(greater)h(than)e (or)h(less)150 737 y(than)30 b(the)h(starting)g(v)-5 b(alue,)31 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)150 905 y(The)44 b(second)g(input)f(is)h(an)g(instructionlist.)83 b(The)44 b(e\013ect)h(of)g Fk(FOR)e Fs(is)h(to)h(run)d(that)j(instructionlist) 150 1015 y(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(,)26 b(assigning)e(a)f(new)g(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(to)g(the)f(con)m(trol)i(v)-5 b(ariable)24 b(\(the)g(one)g(named)e(b)m(y)i(the)f(\014rst)g(mem)m(b)s(er)150 1124 y(of)29 b(the)g Fl(forcon)m(trol)k Fs(list\))d(eac)m(h)f(time.)41 b(First)29 b(the)g(starting)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)g(assigned)g(to)g (the)g(con)m(trol)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 1234 y(Then)29 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f(compared)g(to)h(the)f(limit)h(v)-5 b(alue.)41 b Fk(FOR)29 b Fs(is)h(complete)i(when)d(the)h(sign)g(of)g Fk(\(current)150 1343 y(-)g(limit\))i Fs(is)h(the)g(same)h(as)g(the)f (sign)g(of)h(the)f(step)h(size.)50 b(\(If)33 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b(alue,)29 b(if)g(an)m(y)-8 b(.)40 b(If)28 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)h Fk(FALSE)p Fs(,)e(then)h Fk(COND)f Fs(go)s(es)150 3456 y(on)j(to)h(the)g(next)f(clause.)42 b(If)30 b(no)g(clause)h(is)g(satis\014ed,)g Fk(COND)e Fs(do)s(es)h(nothing.)40 b(Example:)390 3624 y Fk(to)47 b(evens)g(:numbers)e(;)j(select)e(even)g(numbers)g(from)h(a)g(list)390 3733 y(op)g(cond)g([)g([[emptyp)f(:numbers])f([]])867 3843 y([[evenp)h(first)g(:numbers])g(;)h(assuming)f(EVENP)g(is)h (defined)915 3952 y(fput)g(first)f(:numbers)g(evens)g(butfirst)f (:numbers])867 4062 y([else)i(evens)f(butfirst)g(:numbers])f(])390 4172 y(end)150 4407 y Fr(8.2)68 b(T)-11 b(emplate-based)46 b(Iteration)150 4566 y Fs(The)28 b(pro)s(cedures)e(in)i(this)g(section) h(are)f(iteration)i(to)s(ols)f(based)f(on)g(the)g(idea)g(of)g(a)h Fl(template.)41 b Fs(This)27 b(is)i(a)150 4676 y(generalization)j(of)d (an)g(instruction)g(list)h(or)f(an)f(expression)h(list)h(in)f(whic)m(h) f Fl(slots)34 b Fs(are)29 b(pro)m(vided)g(for)g(the)150 4785 y(to)s(ol)i(to)g(insert)g(v)-5 b(arying)30 b(data.)42 b(F)-8 b(our)30 b(di\013eren)m(t)h(forms)f(of)g(template)i(can)f(b)s(e) f(used.)150 4953 y(The)25 b(most)g(commonly)h(used)f(form)f(for)h(a)h (template)h(is)e(`)p Fk(explicit-slot)p Fs(')d(form,)k(or)f(`)p Fk(question)k(mark)p Fs(')150 5063 y(form.)40 b(Example:)390 5230 y Fk(?)47 b(show)g(map)g([?)g(*)h(?])f([2)g(3)g(4)h(5])390 5340 y([4)f(9)h(16)f(25])p eop end %%Page: 75 88 TeXDict begin 75 87 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Con)m(trol)31 b(Structures)2302 b(75)390 299 y Fk(?)150 467 y Fs(In)32 b(this)h(example,)i(the)e Fk(MAP)f Fs(to)s(ol)i(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 b(the)f(template)i Fk([?)30 b(*)g(?])i Fs(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(,)35 b(with)d(eac)m(h)j(of)e(the)150 576 y(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(of)h(the)g (data)h(list)f Fk([2)c(3)g(4)g(5])k Fs(substituted)f(in)g(turn)g(for)h (the)g(question)g(marks.)51 b(The)34 b(same)150 686 y(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(w)m(as)f(used)g(for)g(ev)m(ery)g(question)h(mark)f(in)g(a)g (giv)m(en)h(ev)-5 b(aluation.)57 b(Some)35 b(to)s(ols)h(allo)m(w)h(for) e(more)150 795 y(than)f(one)h(datum)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(substituted)g(in)g (parallel;)k(in)d(these)g(cases)g(the)g(slots)g(are)g(indicated)g(b)m (y)g Fk(?1)150 905 y Fs(for)30 b(the)h(\014rst)e(datum,)h Fk(?2)g Fs(for)g(the)h(second,)g(and)e(so)i(on:)390 1073 y Fk(?)47 b(show)g(\(map)g([\(word)f(?1)h(?2)g(?1\)])g([a)g(b)g(c])h ([d)f(e)g(f]\))390 1182 y([ada)g(beb)g(cfc])390 1292 y(?)150 1460 y Fs(If)32 b(the)h(template)g(wishes)f(to)h(compute)g(the) g(datum)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g(the)g(form)g Fk(\(?)e(1\))i Fs(is)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)34 b(to)f Fk(?1)p Fs(,)150 1569 y(so)g Fk(\(?)c(?1\))j Fs(means)g(the)h(datum)f(whose)g(n)m(um)m (b)s(er)f(is)i(giv)m(en)g(in)f(datum)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(1.)48 b(Some)32 b(to)s(ols)h(allo)m(w)150 1679 y(additional)e(slot)h (designations,)f(as)g(sho)m(wn)e(in)h(the)h(individual)f(descriptions.) 150 1846 y(The)39 b(second)g(form)f(of)i(template)g(is)f(the)g(`)p Fk(named-procedure)p Fs(')d(form.)66 b(If)39 b(the)g(template)i(is)e(a) g(w)m(ord)150 1956 y(rather)g(than)g(a)g(list,)j(it)d(is)g(tak)m(en)i (as)e(the)g(name)g(of)g(a)h(pro)s(cedure.)65 b(That)39 b(pro)s(cedure)f(m)m(ust)g(accept)150 2066 y(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)g (inputs)g(equal)h(to)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(parallel)h(data)f (slots)h(pro)m(vided)e(b)m(y)h(the)g(to)s(ol;)44 b(the)150 2175 y(pro)s(cedure)27 b(is)h(applied)g(to)g(all)h(of)g(the)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(data)f(in)f(order.)39 b(That)28 b(is,)h(if)f(data)g Fk(?1)g Fs(through)f Fk(?3)h Fs(are)150 2285 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)33 b(the)e(template)g Fk("PROC)e Fs(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f Fk([PROC)46 b(?1)h(?2)g(?3])p Fs(.)390 2452 y Fk(?)g(show)g(\(map)g("word)f([a)h(b)h(c])f([d)g(e)h(f]\))390 2562 y([ad)f(be)g(cf])390 2672 y(?)390 2891 y(to)g(dotprod)f(:a)h(:b)g (;)h(vector)e(dot)h(product)390 3000 y(op)g(apply)g("sum)f(\(map)h ("product)e(:a)j(:b\))390 3110 y(end)150 3278 y Fs(The)32 b(third)f(form)h(of)g(template)i(is)e(`)p Fk(named-slot)p Fs(')e(or)i(`)p Fk(lambda)p Fs(')f(form.)45 b(This)32 b(form)g(is)g(indicated)g(b)m(y)h(a)150 3387 y(template)26 b(list)g(con)m(taining)g(more)g(than)e(one)i(mem)m(b)s(er,)f(whose)g (\014rst)f(mem)m(b)s(er)h(is)g(itself)g(a)h(list.)39 b(The)25 b(\014rst)150 3497 y(mem)m(b)s(er)30 b(is)g(tak)m(en)h(as)f(a) h(list)g(of)f(names;)h(lo)s(cal)g(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(are)f(created)i(with)e(those)g(names)g(and)g(giv)m(en)150 3606 y(the)e(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(data)e(in)f(order)h(as)f(their)h (v)-5 b(alues.)40 b(The)27 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(names)h(m)m(ust)f (equal)i(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)150 3716 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(data.)42 b(This)30 b(form)g(is)h(needed)f(primarily)g (when)g(one)h(iteration)h(to)s(ol)f(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(within)150 3826 y(the)f(template)i(list)e(of)g(another,)h(and)f(the)g Fk(?)g Fs(notation)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)f(am)m(biguous)h(in)g(the)g (inner)f(template.)150 3935 y(Example:)390 4103 y Fk(to)47 b(matmul)f(:m1)h(:m2)g([:tm2)f(transpose)g(:m2])g(;)i(multiply)d(two)i (matrices)390 4213 y(output)f(map)h([[row])f(map)h([[col])f(dotprod)g (:row)h(:col])f(:tm2])g(:m1)390 4322 y(end)150 4490 y Fs(The)38 b(fourth)g(form)h(is)g(`)p Fk(procedure)28 b(text)p Fs(')38 b(form,)j(a)e(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)40 b(of)f(lam)m(b)s(da) g(form.)66 b(In)38 b(this)h(form,)i(the)150 4599 y(template)30 b(list)f(con)m(tains)h(at)f(least)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(mem)m(b)s(ers,)e(all)i (of)e(whic)m(h)g(are)h(lists.)41 b(This)27 b(is)i(the)f(form)g(used)g (b)m(y)150 4709 y(the)23 b Fk(DEFINE)f Fs(and)g Fk(TEXT)g Fs(primitiv)m(es,)j(and)e Fk(APPLY)e Fs(accepts)k(it)e(so)h(that)f(the) h(text)g(of)f(a)g(de\014ned)f(pro)s(cedure)150 4819 y(can)31 b(b)s(e)e(used)h(as)h(a)f(template.)150 4986 y(Note:)46 b(The)31 b(fourth)h(form)f(of)i(template)g(is)g(in)m(terpreted)f (di\013eren)m(tly)h(from)f(the)g(others,)h(in)f(that)h(Logo)150 5096 y(considers)f(it)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(an)h(indep)s(enden)m(t)e (de\014ned)h(pro)s(cedure)g(for)g(the)h(purp)s(oses)e(of)i Fk(OUTPUT)f Fs(and)g Fk(STOP)p Fs(.)150 5205 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(instructions)e(are)h (iden)m(tical:)p eop end %%Page: 76 89 TeXDict begin 76 88 bop 150 -116 a Fs(76)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)390 299 y Fk(?)47 b(print)g(apply)f([[x])h(:x+3])f([5])390 408 y(8)390 518 y(?)h(print)g(apply)f([[x])h([output)f(:x+3]])g([5])390 628 y(8)150 795 y Fs(although)41 b(the)g(\014rst)f(instruction)g(is)h (in)f(named-slot)i(form)e(and)g(the)h(second)g(is)f(in)h(pro)s (cedure-text)150 905 y(form.)55 b(The)34 b(named-slot)i(form)f(can)h(b) s(e)e(understo)s(o)s(d)g(as)h(telling)i(Logo)f(to)g(ev)-5 b(aluate)37 b(the)e(expression)150 1015 y Fk(:x+3)f Fs(in)h(place)h(of) f(the)g(en)m(tire)i(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)g(of)e(apply)-8 b(,)37 b(with)d(the)i(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b Fk(x)e Fs(temp)s(orarily)i (giv)m(en)g(the)150 1124 y(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fk(5)p Fs(.)40 b(The)30 b(pro)s(cedure-text)h(form)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(understo)s(o)s(d)f (as)h(in)m(v)m(oking)i(the)e(pro)s(cedure)390 1292 y Fk(to)47 b(foo)g(:x)390 1401 y(output)f(:x+3)390 1511 y(end)150 1679 y Fs(with)29 b(input)g Fk(5)p Fs(,)h(but)f(without)g (actually)j(giving)e(the)g(pro)s(cedure)f(a)h(name.)40 b(If)29 b(the)h(use)g(of)f Fk(OUTPUT)f Fs(w)m(ere)150 1788 y(in)m(terc)m(hanged)k(in)e(these)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(examples,)f(w)m (e'd)g(get)g(errors:)390 1956 y Fk(?)47 b(print)g(apply)f([[x])h (output)f(:x+3])g([5])390 2066 y(Can)h(only)g(use)f(output)h(inside)f (a)h(procedure)390 2175 y(?)g(print)g(apply)f([[x])h([:x+3]])f([5])390 2285 y(You)h(don't)f(say)h(what)g(to)g(do)g(with)g(8)150 2452 y Fs(The)41 b(named-slot)g(form)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)f(with)h Fk(STOP)e Fs(or)j Fk(OUTPUT)d Fs(inside)i(a)g(pro)s(cedure,)i(to)f (stop)f(the)150 2562 y(enclosing)31 b(pro)s(cedure.)150 2730 y(The)g(follo)m(wing)j(iteration)f(to)s(ols)g(are)f(extended)g(v)m (ersions)g(of)g(the)g(ones)g(in)g(App)s(endix)e(B)i(of)g(the)h(b)s(o)s (ok)150 2839 y Fl(Computer)h(Science)i(Logo)h(St)m(yle,)g(V)-8 b(olume)37 b(3:)51 b(Adv)-5 b(anced)35 b(T)-8 b(opics)39 b Fs(b)m(y)c(Brian)h(Harv)m(ey)g([MIT)f(Press,)150 2949 y(1987].)43 b(The)30 b(extensions)g(are)h(primarily)f(to)h(allo)m(w)h (for)e(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(of)i(inputs.)150 3212 y Fh(apply)390 3359 y Fk(APPLY)46 b(template)g(inputlist)150 3527 y Fs(command)33 b(or)g(op)s(eration.)49 b(Runs)31 b(the)i Fl(template)p Fs(,)j(\014lling)d(its)g(slots)h(with)e(the)i (mem)m(b)s(ers)e(of)h Fl(inputlist.)150 3636 y Fs(The)26 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(in)f Fl(inputlist)j Fs(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g(an)g(acceptable)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)c(of)j(slots)f (for)g Fl(template)p Fs(.)41 b(It)150 3746 y(is)31 b(illegal)h(to)g (apply)e(the)h(primitiv)m(e)g Fk(TO)f Fs(as)h(a)f(template,)j(but)d(an) m(ything)h(else)g(is)f(ok)-5 b(a)m(y)d(.)43 b Fk(APPLY)29 b Fs(outputs)150 3856 y(what)h Fl(template)37 b Fs(outputs,)30 b(if)h(an)m(ything.)150 4023 y(See)g([TO],)f(page)h(49,)h(.)150 4286 y Fh(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)390 4433 y Fk(INVOKE)46 b(template)g(input)g (\(library)g(procedure\))390 4543 y(\(INVOKE)g(template)f(input1)h (input2)h(...\))150 4711 y Fs(command)28 b(or)h(op)s(eration.)41 b(Exactly)29 b(lik)m(e)h Fk(APPLY)e Fs(except)h(that)g(the)g(inputs)f (are)h(pro)m(vided)f(as)h(separate)150 4820 y(expressions)h(rather)g (than)g(in)g(a)h(list.)150 5083 y Fh(foreac)m(h)390 5230 y Fk(FOREACH)46 b(data)g(template)g(\(library)g(procedure\))390 5340 y(\(FOREACH)g(data1)g(data2)g(...)h(template\))p eop end %%Page: 77 90 TeXDict begin 77 89 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Con)m(trol)31 b(Structures)2302 b(77)150 299 y(command.)40 b(Ev)-5 b(aluates)28 b(the)g Fl(template)35 b Fs(list)28 b(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(,)29 b(once)g(for)e(eac)m(h)i(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)f (the)h Fl(data)h Fs(list.)40 b(If)150 408 y(more)28 b(than)f(one)h Fl(data)g Fs(list)h(are)f(giv)m(en,)h(eac)m(h)g(of)f(them)g(m)m(ust)f (b)s(e)g(the)h(same)g(length.)40 b(\(The)28 b Fl(data)g Fs(inputs)150 518 y(can)j(b)s(e)e(w)m(ords,)i(in)f(whic)m(h)g(case)h (the)g(template)g(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)31 b(once)h(for)e(eac)m(h)h(c)m (haracter.\))150 686 y(In)26 b(a)h(template,)i(the)e(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(?REST)f Fs(represen)m(ts)i(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(of)h(the)g Fl(data)g Fs(input)f(to)h(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)150 795 y(mem)m(b)s(er)34 b(curren)m(tly)g(b)s(eing)g(used)f(as)i(the)g Fk(?)f Fs(slot-\014ller.)53 b(That)35 b(is,)g(if)f(the)h Fl(data)g Fs(input)e(is)i Fk([A)29 b(B)h(C)h(D)f(E])150 905 y Fs(and)d(the)g(template)i(is)e(b)s(eing)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)29 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fk(B)p Fs(,)h(then)f Fk(?REST)e Fs(w)m(ould)j(b)s(e)e(replaced)i(b)m(y)150 1015 y Fk([C)i(D)g(E])o Fs(.)41 b(If)30 b(m)m(ultiple)h(parallel)g (slots)g(are)g(used,)f(then)g Fk(\(?REST)46 b(1\))30 b Fs(go)s(es)h(with)f(?1,)h(etc.)150 1182 y(In)20 b(a)h(template,)k (the)c(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(#)h Fs(represen)m(ts)g(the)g(p)s(osition)g(in) f(the)h Fl(data)h Fs(input)e(of)h(the)g(mem)m(b)s(er)f(curren)m(tly)150 1292 y(b)s(eing)30 b(used)g(as)h(the)f Fk(?)g Fs(slot-\014ller.)43 b(That)30 b(is,)h(if)g(the)f(data)h(input)f(is)h Fk([A)e(B)h(C)g(D)g (E])g Fs(and)g(the)h(template)h(is)150 1401 y(b)s(eing)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)g(b)m(y)h Fk(B)p Fs(,)f(then)g Fk(#)g Fs(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fk(2)p Fs(.)150 1680 y Fh(map)390 1826 y Fk(MAP)47 b(template)e(data)i (\(library)f(procedure\))390 1936 y(\(MAP)h(template)e(data1)i(data2)f (...\))150 2104 y Fs(outputs)40 b(a)g(w)m(ord)g(or)g(list,)j(dep)s (ending)c(on)h(the)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)f(the)g Fl(data)h Fs(input,)h(of)e(the)h(same)f(length)h(as)150 2213 y(that)31 b Fl(data)g Fs(input.)40 b(\(If)31 b(more)f(than)h(one)f Fl(data)h Fs(input)f(are)h(giv)m(en,)h(the)e(output)g(is)h(of)f(the)h (same)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(as)150 2323 y Fl(data1)p Fs(.\))43 b(Eac)m(h)32 b(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)f(output)h(is)f(the)h(result)g (of)g(ev)-5 b(aluating)32 b(the)f Fl(template)37 b Fs(list,)32 b(\014lling)f(the)150 2433 y(slots)f(with)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f (mem)m(b)s(er\(s\))g(of)h(the)g Fl(data)h Fs(input\(s\).)40 b(\(All)31 b Fl(data)f Fs(inputs)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(the)150 2542 y(same)h(length.\))42 b(In)29 b(the)h(case)h(of)f(a)g(w)m(ord)g (output,)g(the)g(results)g(of)g(the)g(template)h(ev)-5 b(aluation)32 b(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)150 2652 y(w)m(ords,)g(and)g(they)g (are)h(concatenated)i(with)d Fk(WORD)p Fs(.)150 2819 y(In)c(a)h(template,)i(the)e(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(?REST)f Fs(represen)m(ts)i(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(of)h(the)g(data)g(input)f(to)h (the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)150 2929 y(mem)m(b)s(er)34 b(curren)m(tly)g(b)s(eing)g(used)f(as)i(the)g Fk(?)f Fs(slot-\014ller.)53 b(That)35 b(is,)g(if)f(the)h Fl(data)g Fs(input)e(is)i Fk([A)29 b(B)h(C)h(D)f(E])150 3039 y Fs(and)35 b(the)g Fl(template)42 b Fs(is)35 b(b)s(eing)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)37 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)g(b)m(y)g Fk(B)p Fs(,)h(then)f Fk(?REST)f Fs(w)m(ould)h(b)s(e)f(replaced)150 3148 y(b)m(y)c Fk([C)g(D)g(E])p Fs(.)40 b(If)30 b(m)m(ultiple)h (parallel)h(slots)f(are)f(used,)g(then)g Fk(\(?REST)46 b(1\))30 b Fs(go)s(es)h(with)f Fk(?1)p Fs(,)g(etc.)150 3316 y(In)20 b(a)h(template,)k(the)c(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(#)h Fs(represen)m(ts)g(the)g(p)s(osition)g(in)f(the)h Fl(data)h Fs(input)e(of)h(the)g(mem)m(b)s(er)f(curren)m(tly)150 3425 y(b)s(eing)30 b(used)g(as)h(the)f Fk(?)g Fs(slot-\014ller.)43 b(That)30 b(is,)h(if)g(the)f(data)h(input)f(is)h Fk([A)e(B)h(C)g(D)g (E])g Fs(and)g(the)h(template)h(is)150 3535 y(b)s(eing)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)g(b)m(y)h Fk(B)p Fs(,)f(then)g Fk(#)g Fs(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fk(2)p Fs(.)150 3703 y(See)h([W)m(ORD],)h(page)f(9,)g(.)150 3981 y Fh(map.se)390 4128 y Fk(MAP.SE)46 b(template)g(data)g(\(library) g(procedure\))390 4237 y(\(MAP.SE)g(template)f(data1)i(data2)f(...\)) 150 4405 y Fs(outputs)c(a)h(list)h(formed)e(b)m(y)h(ev)-5 b(aluating)44 b(the)f Fl(template)49 b Fs(list)43 b(rep)s(eatedly)g (and)g(concatenating)i(the)150 4515 y(results)28 b(using)g Fk(SENTENCE)p Fs(.)38 b(That)28 b(is,)h(the)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(of)g(the) h(output)f(are)g(the)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)e(of)i(the)f(results)150 4624 y(of)35 b(the)g(ev)-5 b(aluations.)55 b(The)35 b(output)f(list)i (migh)m(t,)h(therefore,)f(b)s(e)e(of)h(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(length)g (from)f(that)i(of)150 4734 y(the)28 b Fl(data)h Fs(input\(s\).)40 b(\(If)28 b(the)h(result)f(of)g(an)g(ev)-5 b(aluation)30 b(is)f(the)f(empt)m(y)h(list,)g(it)g(con)m(tributes)g(nothing)f(to)150 4844 y(the)j(\014nal)f(output.\))40 b(The)30 b Fl(data)h Fs(inputs)e(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(w)m(ords)g(or)g(lists.)150 5011 y(In)c(a)h(template,)i(the)e(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(?REST)f Fs(represen)m(ts)i(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(of)h(the)g(data)g(input)f(to)h (the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)150 5121 y(mem)m(b)s(er)34 b(curren)m(tly)g(b)s(eing)g(used)f(as)i(the)g Fk(?)f Fs(slot-\014ller.)53 b(That)35 b(is,)g(if)f(the)h(data)g(input)e(is)i Fk([A)29 b(B)h(C)h(D)f(E])150 5230 y Fs(and)d(the)g(template)i(is)e(b)s (eing)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)29 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fk(B)p Fs(,)h(then)f Fk(?REST)e Fs(w)m(ould)j(b)s(e)e(replaced)i(b)m(y) 150 5340 y Fk([C)i(D)g(E])o Fs(.)41 b(If)30 b(m)m(ultiple)h(parallel)g (slots)g(are)g(used,)f(then)g Fk(\(?REST)46 b(1\))30 b Fs(go)s(es)h(with)f Fk(?1)p Fs(,)g(etc.)p eop end %%Page: 78 91 TeXDict begin 78 90 bop 150 -116 a Fs(78)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(In)20 b(a)h(template,)k(the)c(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(#)h Fs(represen)m(ts)g(the)g(p)s(osition)g(in)f(the)h Fl(data)h Fs(input)e(of)h(the)g(mem)m(b)s(er)f(curren)m(tly)150 408 y(b)s(eing)30 b(used)g(as)h(the)f Fk(?)g Fs(slot-\014ller.)43 b(That)30 b(is,)h(if)g(the)f(data)h(input)f(is)h Fk([A)e(B)h(C)g(D)g (E])g Fs(and)g(the)h(template)h(is)150 518 y(b)s(eing)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)g(b)m(y)h Fk(B)p Fs(,)f(then)g Fk(#)g Fs(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fk(2)p Fs(.)150 686 y(See)h([SENTENCE],)e(page)j(9,)f(.)150 876 y Fh(\014lter)390 1023 y Fk(FILTER)46 b(tftemplate)f(data)i (\(library)e(procedure\))150 1191 y Fs(outputs)29 b(a)i(w)m(ord)e(or)h (list,)h(dep)s(ending)d(on)i(the)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(of)g(the)g Fl(data)h Fs(input,)e(con)m(taining)i(a)f(subset)g(of)g(the)150 1300 y(mem)m(b)s(ers)c(\(for)h(a)g(list\))h(or)f(c)m(haracters)h(\(for) f(a)g(w)m(ord\))g(of)f(the)h(input.)39 b(The)26 b(template)i(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)28 b(once)150 1410 y(for)33 b(eac)m(h)i(mem)m(b)s(er)e(or)g (c)m(haracter)i(of)f(the)g(data,)h(and)e(it)h(m)m(ust)f(pro)s(duce)f(a) i Fk(TRUE)e Fs(or)i Fk(FALSE)e Fs(v)-5 b(alue.)50 b(If)150 1519 y(the)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(is)h Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)e(then)h(the)h (corresp)s(onding)e(input)h(constituen)m(t)h(is)g(included)e(in)i(the)f (output.)390 1687 y Fk(?)47 b(print)g(filter)f("vowelp)g("elephant)390 1797 y(eea)390 1906 y(?)150 2074 y Fs(In)26 b(a)h(template,)i(the)e (sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(?REST)f Fs(represen)m(ts)i(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(of)h (the)g Fl(data)g Fs(input)f(to)h(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)150 2183 y(mem)m(b)s(er)34 b(curren)m(tly)g(b)s(eing)g(used)f(as)i(the)g Fk(?)f Fs(slot-\014ller.)53 b(That)35 b(is,)g(if)f(the)h(data)g(input)e (is)i Fk([A)29 b(B)h(C)h(D)f(E])150 2293 y Fs(and)d(the)g(template)i (is)e(b)s(eing)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)29 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)h(b)m (y)f Fk(B)p Fs(,)h(then)f Fk(?REST)e Fs(w)m(ould)j(b)s(e)e(replaced)i (b)m(y)150 2403 y Fk([C)i(D)g(E])o Fs(.)150 2570 y(In)20 b(a)h(template,)k(the)c(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(#)h Fs(represen)m(ts)g(the)g (p)s(osition)g(in)f(the)h Fl(data)h Fs(input)e(of)h(the)g(mem)m(b)s(er) f(curren)m(tly)150 2680 y(b)s(eing)30 b(used)g(as)h(the)f Fk(?)g Fs(slot-\014ller.)43 b(That)30 b(is,)h(if)g(the)f(data)h(input)f (is)h Fk([A)e(B)h(C)g(D)g(E])g Fs(and)g(the)h(template)h(is)150 2790 y(b)s(eing)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)g(b)m(y)h Fk(B)p Fs(,)f(then)g Fk(#)g Fs(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g (replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fk(2)p Fs(.)150 2980 y Fh(\014nd)390 3127 y Fk(FIND)47 b(tftemplate)e(data)h(\(library)g(procedure\))150 3294 y Fs(outputs)e(the)h(\014rst)e(constituen)m(t)j(of)f(the)g Fl(data)g Fs(input)e(\(the)i(\014rst)f(mem)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(a)g(list,)j (or)d(the)g(\014rst)150 3404 y(c)m(haracter)39 b(of)f(a)f(w)m(ord\))h (for)f(whic)m(h)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)j(ev)-5 b(aluating)39 b(the)e Fl(template)44 b Fs(with)37 b(that)150 3513 y(consituen)m(t)31 b(in)f(its)h(slot)g(is)g Fk(TRUE)p Fs(.)39 b(If)30 b(there)h(is)f(no)h(suc)m(h)f(constituen)m(t,)i(the)e (empt)m(y)h(list)g(is)f(output.)150 3681 y(In)c(a)h(template,)i(the)e (sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(?REST)f Fs(represen)m(ts)i(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(of)h (the)g Fl(data)g Fs(input)f(to)h(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)150 3791 y(mem)m(b)s(er)34 b(curren)m(tly)g(b)s(eing)g(used)f(as)i(the)g Fk(?)f Fs(slot-\014ller.)53 b(That)35 b(is,)g(if)f(the)h(data)g(input)e (is)i Fk([A)29 b(B)h(C)h(D)f(E])150 3900 y Fs(and)d(the)g(template)i (is)e(b)s(eing)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)29 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)h(b)m (y)f Fk(B)p Fs(,)h(then)f Fk(?REST)e Fs(w)m(ould)j(b)s(e)e(replaced)i (b)m(y)150 4010 y Fk([C)i(D)g(E])o Fs(.)150 4178 y(In)20 b(a)h(template,)k(the)c(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(#)h Fs(represen)m(ts)g(the)g (p)s(osition)g(in)f(the)h Fl(data)h Fs(input)e(of)h(the)g(mem)m(b)s(er) f(curren)m(tly)150 4287 y(b)s(eing)30 b(used)g(as)h(the)f Fk(?)g Fs(slot-\014ller.)43 b(That)30 b(is,)h(if)g(the)f(data)h(input)f (is)h Fk([A)e(B)h(C)g(D)g(E])g Fs(and)g(the)h(template)h(is)150 4397 y(b)s(eing)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(with)e Fk(?)g Fs(replaced)g(b)m(y)h Fk(B)p Fs(,)f(then)g Fk(#)g Fs(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g (replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fk(2)p Fs(.)150 4587 y Fh(reduce)390 4734 y Fk(REDUCE)46 b(template)g(data)g(\(library)g(procedure\))150 4902 y Fs(outputs)30 b(the)h(result)g(of)g(applying)g(the)g Fl(template)37 b Fs(to)32 b(accum)m(ulate)h(the)e(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)h (the)g Fl(data)h Fs(input.)150 5011 y(The)39 b(template)j(m)m(ust)d(b)s (e)h(a)g(t)m(w)m(o-slot)j(function.)69 b(T)m(ypically)41 b(it)f(is)g(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)i(function)e(name)150 5121 y(lik)m(e)f Fk(SUM)p Fs(.)64 b(If)38 b(the)g Fl(data)h Fs(input)e(has)h(only)g(one)h(constituen)m(t)g(\(mem)m(b)s(er)f(in)g(a) h(list)g(or)f(c)m(haracter)i(in)e(a)150 5230 y(w)m(ord\),)30 b(the)f(output)g(is)g(that)h(consituen)m(t.)42 b(Otherwise,)29 b(the)h(template)g(is)g(\014rst)e(applied)h(with)g Fk(?1)g Fs(\014lled)150 5340 y(with)34 b(the)g(next-to-last)j(consitien)m(t)f (and)e Fk(?2)f Fs(with)h(the)h(last)g(constituen)m(t.)53 b(Then,)35 b(if)f(there)g(are)h(more)p eop end %%Page: 79 92 TeXDict begin 79 91 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Con)m(trol)31 b(Structures)2302 b(79)150 299 y(constituen)m(ts,)29 b(the)f(template)g(is)f(applied)g(with)g Fk(?1)g Fs(\014lled)g(with)f (the)i(next)f(constituen)m(t)h(to)g(the)g(left)g(and)150 408 y Fk(?2)22 b Fs(with)h(the)g(result)g(from)g(the)g(previous)f(ev)-5 b(aluation.)40 b(This)22 b(pro)s(cess)h(con)m(tin)m(ues)h(un)m(til)f (all)h(constituen)m(ts)150 518 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(b)s(een)d(used.)40 b(The)30 b(data)h(input)f(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(empt)m(y)-8 b(.)150 686 y(Note:)58 b(If)38 b(the)h(template)h(is,)h(lik)m(e)f Fk(SUM)p Fs(,)f(the)g(name)g(of)f(a)h(pro)s(cedure)f(that)h(is)f (capable)i(of)e(accepting)150 795 y(arbitrarily)c(man)m(y)g(inputs,)h (it)f(is)g(more)h(e\016cien)m(t)g(to)g(use)f Fk(APPLY)e Fs(instead)j(of)f Fk(REDUCE)p Fs(.)50 b(The)33 b(latter)j(is)150 905 y(go)s(o)s(d)30 b(for)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(pro)s(cedures)c(that)i (ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(written)g(to)h(accept)h(exactly)g(t)m(w)m(o)g (inputs:)390 1073 y Fk(to)47 b(max)g(:a)g(:b)390 1182 y(output)f(ifelse)g(:a)h(>)h(:b)f([:a])g([:b])390 1292 y(end)390 1511 y(print)f(reduce)g("max)h([...])150 1679 y Fs(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 b(,)33 b Fk(REDUCE)c Fs(can)h(b)s(e)g(used)g (to)h(write)f Fk(MAX)f Fs(as)i(a)g(pro)s(cedure)e(that)i(accepts)g(an)m (y)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)150 1788 y(inputs,)h(as)g Fk(SUM)g Fs(do)s(es:)390 1956 y Fk(to)47 b(max)g([:inputs])e(2)390 2066 y(if)i(emptyp)f(:inputs)g(~)533 2175 y([\(throw)g("error)g([not)h (enough)f(inputs)g(to)h(max]\)])390 2285 y(output)f(reduce)g([ifelse)g (?1)h(>)h(?2)f([?1])f([?2]])h(:inputs)390 2394 y(end)150 2562 y Fs(See)31 b([SUM],)g(page)g(29,)g(,)g([APPL)-8 b(Y],)31 b(page)g(76,)h(.)150 2764 y Fh(crossmap)390 2911 y Fk(CROSSMAP)46 b(template)f(listlist)h(\(library)f(procedure\)) 390 3021 y(\(CROSSMAP)g(template)h(data1)g(data2)h(...\))150 3188 y Fs(outputs)31 b(a)h(list)h(con)m(taining)g(the)f(results)g(of)g (template)h(ev)-5 b(aluations.)46 b(Eac)m(h)33 b Fl(data)f Fs(list)h(con)m(tributes)f(to)150 3298 y(a)f(slot)g(in)f(the)h (template;)h(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(slots)g(is)f(equal)h(to)g (the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h Fl(data)i Fs(list)f(inputs.)39 b(As)31 b(a)150 3408 y(sp)s(ecial)f(case,)h(if)f(only)f(one)h Fl(data)g Fs(list)h(input)d(is)i(giv)m(en,)h(that)f(list)g(is)g(tak)m (en)g(as)g(a)g(list)g(of)g(data)g(lists,)h(and)150 3517 y(eac)m(h)f(of)g(its)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)e(con)m(tributes)i(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(to)g(a)f(slot.)42 b Fk(CROSSMAP)27 b Fs(di\013ers)i(from)f Fk(MAP)h Fs(in)g(that)h(instead)150 3627 y(of)38 b(taking)g(mem)m(b)s (ers)f(from)g(the)g(data)i(inputs)d(in)h(parallel,)k(it)d(tak)m(es)h (all)f(p)s(ossible)f(com)m(binations)i(of)150 3736 y(mem)m(b)s(ers)30 b(of)g(data)h(inputs,)f(whic)m(h)g(need)g(not)h(b)s(e)e(the)i(same)g (length.)390 3904 y Fk(?)47 b(show)g(\(crossmap)e([word)i(?1)g(?2])g ([a)g(b)g(c])h([1)f(2)g(3)h(4]\))390 4014 y([a1)f(a2)g(a3)g(a4)g(b1)h (b2)f(b3)g(b4)g(c1)g(c2)h(c3)f(c4])390 4123 y(?)150 4291 y Fs(F)-8 b(or)34 b(compatibilit)m(y)i(with)e(the)f(v)m(ersion)h(in)g (the)g(\014rst)e(edition)j(of)f(CSLS)2656 4258 y Fe(1)2691 4291 y Fs(,)g Fk(CROSSMAP)d Fs(templates)k(ma)m(y)150 4401 y(use)30 b(the)h(notation)g Fk(:1)f Fs(instead)h(of)f Fk(?1)g Fs(to)h(indicate)h(slots.)150 4568 y(See)f([MAP],)g(page)g(77,) h(.)150 4771 y Fh(cascade)390 4917 y Fk(CASCADE)46 b(endtest)g (template)f(startvalue)g(\(library)h(procedure\))390 5027 y(\(CASCADE)g(endtest)f(tmp1)i(sv1)g(tmp2)g(sv2)f(...\))390 5137 y(\(CASCADE)g(endtest)f(tmp1)i(sv1)g(tmp2)g(sv2)f(...)h (finaltemplate\))p 150 5241 1200 4 v 199 5308 a Fe(1)275 5340 y Fd(Computer)25 b(Science)h(Logo)h(St)n(yle)p eop end %%Page: 80 93 TeXDict begin 80 92 bop 150 -116 a Fs(80)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)150 299 y(outputs)c(the)h(result)f(of)h(applying)f(a)h (template)h(\(or)e(sev)m(eral)i(templates,)h(as)e(explained)f(b)s(elo)m (w\))h(rep)s(eat-)150 408 y(edly)-8 b(,)42 b(with)c(a)i(giv)m(en)g(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(\014lling)g(the)g(slot)h(the)f(\014rst)f(time,)k(and)d(the) g(result)f(of)i(eac)m(h)g(application)150 518 y(\014lling)31 b(the)f(slot)h(for)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(application.)150 686 y(In)h(the)g(simplest)h(case,)h Fk(CASCADE)c Fs(has)i(three)h (inputs.)49 b(The)32 b(second)i(input)e(is)i(a)f(one-slot)i(expression) 150 795 y(template.)55 b(That)34 b(template)i(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)36 b(some)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(times)i(\(p)s(erhaps)d (zero\).)54 b(On)34 b(the)h(\014rst)150 905 y(ev)-5 b(aluation,)28 b(the)e(slot)h(is)f(\014lled)g(with)f(the)h(third)f(input;)i(on)e (subsequen)m(t)g(ev)-5 b(aluations,)29 b(the)d(slot)g(is)g(\014lled)150 1015 y(with)i(the)h(result)f(of)h(the)g(previous)f(ev)-5 b(aluation.)42 b(The)28 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(ev)-5 b(aluations)30 b(is)e(determined)g(b)m(y)h(the)150 1124 y(\014rst)23 b(input.)38 b(This)23 b(can)i(b)s(e)e(either)h(a)h (nonnegativ)m(e)h(in)m(teger,)g(in)e(whic)m(h)g(case)h(the)f(template)i (is)e(ev)-5 b(aluated)150 1234 y(that)27 b(man)m(y)g(times,)i(or)d(a)i (predicate)f(expression)g(template,)i(in)d(whic)m(h)h(case)h(it)f(is)g (ev)-5 b(aluated)28 b(\(with)f(the)150 1343 y(same)h(slot)h(\014ller)f (that)h(will)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(for)h(the)g(ev)-5 b(aluation)30 b(of)e(the)g(second)g(input\))g(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(,)29 b(and)f(the)150 1453 y Fk(CASCADE)g Fs(ev)-5 b(aluation)32 b(con)m(tin)m(ues)f(as)g(long)g(as)f(the)h(predicate)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f Fk(FALSE)p Fs(.)39 b(\(In)30 b(other)h(w)m(ords,)f (the)150 1562 y(predicate)h(template)h(indicates)f(the)g(condition)g (for)f(stopping.\))150 1730 y(If)j(the)g(template)h(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(zero)e(times,)i(the)e(output)g(from)f Fk(CASCADE)g Fs(is)h(the)g(third)f(\()p Fl(startv)-5 b(alue)5 b Fs(\))150 1840 y(input.)40 b(Otherwise,)30 b(the)h(output)f(is)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(pro)s(duced)f(b)m(y)h(the) h(last)g(template)h(ev)-5 b(aluation.)150 2007 y Fk(CASCADE)23 b Fs(templates)j(ma)m(y)f(include)g(the)g(sym)m(b)s(ol)g Fk(#)f Fs(to)i(represen)m(t)f(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(times)g(the) h(template)150 2117 y(has)31 b(b)s(een)g(ev)-5 b(aluated.)46 b(This)30 b(slot)j(is)e(\014lled)h(with)f(1)h(for)f(the)h(\014rst)f(ev) -5 b(aluation,)33 b(2)f(for)g(the)f(second,)i(and)150 2227 y(so)e(on.)390 2394 y Fk(?)47 b(show)g(cascade)f(5)h([lput)g(#)g (?])g([])390 2504 y([1)g(2)h(3)f(4)h(5])390 2614 y(?)f(show)g(cascade)f ([vowelp)g(first)g(?])h([bf)g(?])g("spring)390 2723 y(ing)390 2833 y(?)g(show)g(cascade)f(5)h([#)h(*)f(?])g(1)390 2942 y(120)390 3052 y(?)150 3220 y Fs(Sev)m(eral)d(cascaded)g(results)f(can) h(b)s(e)e(computed)h(in)g(parallel)h(b)m(y)f(pro)m(viding)g(additional) h(template-)150 3329 y(startv)-5 b(alue)40 b(pairs)f(as)g(inputs)e(to)j Fk(CASCADE)p Fs(.)64 b(In)39 b(this)f(case,)43 b(all)d(templates)g (\(including)f(the)g(endtest)150 3439 y(template,)c(if)d(used\))g(are)h (m)m(ulti-slot,)i(with)e(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g(slots)i(equal)f (to)g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(pairs)f(of)150 3548 y(inputs.)56 b(In)35 b(eac)m(h)i(round)d(of)i(ev)-5 b(aluations,)38 b Fk(?2)p Fs(,)f(for)e(example,)j(represen)m(ts)e(the)g(result)g(of)f (ev)-5 b(aluating)150 3658 y(the)38 b(second)f(template)i(in)f(the)f (previous)h(round.)60 b(If)38 b(the)f(total)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)c(of)i (inputs)e(\(including)i(the)150 3768 y(\014rst)33 b(endtest)i(input\))e (is)i(o)s(dd,)f(then)g(the)g(output)g(from)f(CASCADE)h(is)g(the)h (\014nal)e(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)f(the)h(\014rst)150 3877 y(template.)58 b(If)35 b(the)h(total)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)c(of)i(inputs)e (is)i(ev)m(en,)i(then)e(the)f(last)i(input)e(is)g(a)i(template)g(that)f (is)150 3987 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(once,)f(after)g(the)f(end)g(test)h (is)g(satis\014ed,)g(to)g(determine)f(the)h(output)f(from)g Fk(CASCADE)p Fs(.)390 4154 y Fk(to)47 b(fibonacci)e(:n)390 4264 y(output)h(\(cascade)g(:n)h([?1)g(+)g(?2])g(1)h([?1])e(0\))390 4374 y(end)390 4593 y(to)h(piglatin)f(:word)390 4702 y(output)g(\(cascade)g([vowelp)f(first)i(?])g(~)1154 4812 y([word)f(bf)h(?)h(first)e(?])h(~)1154 4922 y(:word)f(~)1154 5031 y([word)g(?)h("ay]\))390 5141 y(end)p eop end %%Page: 81 94 TeXDict begin 81 93 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Con)m(trol)31 b(Structures)2302 b(81)150 299 y Fh(cascade.2)390 446 y Fk(CASCADE.2)45 b(endtest)h(temp1)g(startval1)g(temp2)g (startval2)93 b(\(library)46 b(procedure\))150 614 y Fs(outputs)34 b(the)h(result)g(of)f(in)m(v)m(oking)i Fk(CASCADE)d Fs(with)h(the)h(same)g(inputs.)53 b(The)34 b(only)h(di\013erence)g(is)f(that)150 723 y(the)d(default)f(n)m(um)m(b) s(er)f(of)i(inputs)e(is)h(\014v)m(e)h(instead)g(of)f(three.)150 922 y Fh(transfer)390 1069 y Fk(TRANSFER)46 b(endtest)f(template)h (inbasket)f(\(library)h(procedure\))150 1237 y Fs(outputs)32 b(the)g(result)h(of)f(rep)s(eated)h(ev)-5 b(aluation)33 b(of)g(the)g Fl(template)p Fs(.)48 b(The)32 b(template)h(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)33 b(once)150 1347 y(for)39 b(eac)m(h)i(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h (the)f(list)i Fl(in)m(bask)m(et)p Fs(.)69 b Fk(TRANSFER)37 b Fs(main)m(tains)k(an)e Fl(outbask)m(et)k Fs(that)d(is)f(initially)150 1456 y(the)30 b(empt)m(y)g(list.)42 b(After)30 b(eac)m(h)h(ev)-5 b(aluation)32 b(of)e(the)g(template,)h(the)g(resulting)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(b)s(ecomes)g(the)g(new)150 1566 y(outbask)m(et.)150 1733 y(In)41 b(the)h(template,)k(the)c(sym)m(b)s(ol)f Fk(?IN)g Fs(represen)m(ts)h(the)f(curren)m(t)h(mem)m(b)s(er)f(from)g (the)h(in)m(bask)m(et;)49 b(the)150 1843 y(sym)m(b)s(ol)40 b Fk(?OUT)f Fs(represen)m(ts)h(the)g(en)m(tire)h(curren)m(t)f(outbask)m (et.)71 b(Other)40 b(slot)g(sym)m(b)s(ols)g(should)f(not)i(b)s(e)150 1953 y(used.)150 2120 y(If)c(the)h(\014rst)f(\()p Fl(endtest)r Fs(\))h(input)f(is)g(an)h(empt)m(y)g(list,)i(ev)-5 b(aluation)39 b(con)m(tin)m(ues)g(un)m(til)f(all)g(in)m(bask)m(et)h(mem-)150 2230 y(b)s(ers)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(used.)51 b(If)34 b(not,)h(the)f(\014rst)g(input)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(a)i(predicate)g (expression)f(template,)j(and)150 2340 y(ev)-5 b(aluation)32 b(con)m(tin)m(ues)f(un)m(til)g(either)g(that)g(template's)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f Fk(TRUE)f Fs(or)i(the)f(in)m(bask)m(et)i(is)e(used)g (up.)p eop end %%Page: 82 95 TeXDict begin 82 94 bop eop end %%Page: 83 96 TeXDict begin 83 95 bop 3659 -116 a Fs(83)150 299 y Fp(9)80 b(Macros)150 596 y Fr(.macro)390 756 y Fk(.MACRO)46 b(procname)g (:input1)f(:input2)h(...)95 b(\(special)45 b(form\))390 865 y(.DEFMACRO)g(procname)h(text)150 1033 y Fs(A)35 b(macro)g(is)g(a)g(sp)s(ecial)g(kind)f(of)g(pro)s(cedure)g(whose)g (output)h(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)36 b(as)f(Logo)h(instructions)e(in)150 1142 y(the)e(con)m(text)h(of)e(the)h(macro's)g(caller.)45 b Fk(.MACRO)30 b Fs(is)h(exactly)i(lik)m(e)g Fk(TO)d Fs(except)j(that)f(the)f(new)g(pro)s(cedure)150 1252 y(b)s(ecomes)g(a)f(macro;)i Fk(.DEFMACRO)27 b Fs(is)k(exactly)h(lik)m (e)g Fk(DEFINE)c Fs(with)i(the)h(same)g(exception.)150 1420 y(Macros)37 b(are)f(useful)f(for)g(in)m(v)m(en)m(ting)j(new)d(con) m(trol)i(structures)e(comparable)i(to)f Fk(REPEAT)p Fs(,)g Fk(IF)p Fs(,)h(and)e(so)150 1529 y(on.)72 b(Suc)m(h)41 b(con)m(trol)h(structures)e(can)i(almost,)j(but)40 b(not)h(quite,)j(b)s (e)d(duplicated)g(b)m(y)g(ordinary)f(Logo)150 1639 y(pro)s(cedures.)f (F)-8 b(or)32 b(example,)f(here)f(is)h(an)f(ordinary)f(pro)s(cedure)h (v)m(ersion)h(of)f Fk(REPEAT)p Fs(:)390 1807 y Fk(to)47 b(my.repeat)e(:num)i(:instructions)390 1916 y(if)g(:num=0)f([stop])390 2026 y(run)h(:instructions)390 2135 y(my.repeat)e(:num-1)h (:instructions)390 2245 y(end)150 2413 y Fs(This)30 b(v)m(ersion)g(w)m (orks)h(\014ne)e(for)i(most)f(purp)s(oses,)f(e.g.,)390 2580 y Fk(my.repeat)45 b(5)j([print)e("hello])150 2748 y Fs(But)36 b(it)f(do)s(esn't)h(w)m(ork)f(if)g(the)h(instructions)f(to) h(b)s(e)f(carried)g(out)h(include)f Fk(OUTPUT)p Fs(,)g Fk(STOP)p Fs(,)h(or)f Fk(LOCAL)p Fs(.)150 2858 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(consider)g(this)f(pro)s(cedure:)390 3025 y Fk(to)47 b(example)390 3135 y(print)f([Guess)g(my)i(secret)e (word.)94 b(You)47 b(get)g(three)f(guesses.])390 3245 y(repeat)g(3)i([type)e("|??)h(|)g(~)867 3354 y(if)g(readword)f(=)h ("secret)f([pr)h("Right!)f(stop]])390 3464 y(print)g([Sorry,)g(the)h (word)g(was)g("secret"!])390 3573 y(end)150 3741 y Fs(This)27 b(pro)s(cedure)f(w)m(orks)h(as)h(written,)g(but)e(if)i Fk(MY.REPEAT)d Fs(is)i(used)f(instead)i(of)g Fk(REPEAT)p Fs(,)e(it)i(w)m(on't)g(w)m(ork)150 3851 y(b)s(ecause)i(the)h Fk(STOP)e Fs(will)i(stop)f Fk(MY.REPEAT)e Fs(instead)j(of)f(stopping)h Fk(EXAMPLE)d Fs(as)j(desired.)150 4018 y(The)c(solution)i(is)f(to)g (mak)m(e)h Fk(MY.REPEAT)c Fs(a)k(macro.)40 b(Instead)28 b(of)g(actually)h(carrying)f(out)g(the)g(computa-)150 4128 y(tion,)j(a)f(macro)g(m)m(ust)g(return)e(a)i(list)h(con)m(taining) g(Logo)g(instructions.)40 b(The)29 b(con)m(ten)m(ts)j(of)e(that)g(list) h(are)150 4237 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 b(as)g(if)f(they)g(app)s(eared)g (in)g(place)h(of)g(the)f(call)h(to)g(the)g(macro.)50 b(Here's)34 b(a)f(macro)h(v)m(ersion)g(of)150 4347 y Fk(REPEAT)p Fs(:)390 4515 y Fk(.macro)46 b(my.repeat)f(:num)i (:instructions)390 4624 y(if)g(:num=0)f([output)g([]])390 4734 y(output)g(sentence)g(:instructions)e(~)1154 4844 y(\(list)i("my.repeat)f(:num-1)h(:instructions\))390 4953 y(end)150 5121 y Fs(Ev)m(ery)34 b(macro)h(is)f(an)g(op)s(eration)h (|)f(it)g(m)m(ust)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(output)e(something.)52 b(Ev)m(en)34 b(in)g(the)g(base)h(case,)150 5230 y Fk(MY.REPEAT)23 b Fs(outputs)j(an)g(empt)m(y)g(instruction)g(list.)40 b(T)-8 b(o)27 b(sho)m(w)e(ho)m(w)i Fk(MY.REPEAT)c Fs(w)m(orks,)k(let's) g(tak)m(e)h(the)150 5340 y(example)p eop end %%Page: 84 97 TeXDict begin 84 96 bop 150 -116 a Fs(84)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)390 299 y Fk(my.repeat)45 b(5)j([print)e("hello])150 467 y Fs(F)-8 b(or)31 b(this)f(example,)i Fk(MY.REPEAT)c Fs(will)i(output)g(the)h(instruction)f(list)390 634 y Fk([print)46 b("hello)g(my.repeat)f(4)j([print)e("hello]])150 802 y Fs(Logo)30 b(then)e(executes)i(these)f(instructions)f(in)g(place) i(of)e(the)h(original)h(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)g(of)f Fk(MY.REPEAT)p Fs(;)e(this)150 912 y(prin)m(ts)j Fk(hello)f Fs(once)i(and)f(in)m(v)m (ok)m(es)i(another)e(rep)s(etition.)150 1079 y(The)35 b(tec)m(hnique)i(just)e(sho)m(wn,)i(although)g(fairly)f(easy)h(to)f (understand,)g(has)g(the)g(defect)h(of)f(slo)m(wness)150 1189 y(b)s(ecause)k(eac)m(h)h(rep)s(etition)g(has)f(to)h(construct)f (an)g(instruction)g(list)h(for)f(ev)-5 b(aluation.)72 b(Another)40 b(ap-)150 1298 y(proac)m(h)27 b(is)g(to)g(mak)m(e)h Fk(MY.REPEAT)c Fs(a)j(macro)g(that)g(w)m(orks)g(just)f(lik)m(e)i(the)f (non-macro)g(v)m(ersion)g(unless)f(the)150 1408 y(instructions)k(to)h (b)s(e)f(rep)s(eated)h(include)f Fk(OUTPUT)e Fs(or)j Fk(STOP)p Fs(:)390 1576 y Fk(.macro)46 b(my.repeat)f(:num)i (:instructions)390 1685 y(catch)f("repeat.catchtag)e(~)676 1795 y([op)j(repeat.done)e(runresult)g([repeat1)h(:num)g (:instructions]])390 1905 y(op)h([])390 2014 y(end)390 2233 y(to)g(repeat1)f(:num)h(:instructions)390 2343 y(if)g(:num=0)f ([throw)g("repeat.catchtag])390 2452 y(run)h(:instructions)390 2562 y(.maybeoutput)d(repeat1)i(:num-1)g(:instructions)390 2672 y(end)390 2891 y(to)h(repeat.done)e(:repeat.result)390 3000 y(if)i(emptyp)f(:repeat.result)e([op)j([stop]])390 3110 y(op)g(list)g("output)f(quoted)g(first)g(:repeat.result)390 3220 y(end)150 3387 y Fs(If)37 b(the)g(instructions)h(do)f(not)g (include)g Fk(STOP)g Fs(or)g Fk(OUTPUT)p Fs(,)h(then)f Fk(REPEAT1)e Fs(will)j(reac)m(h)g(its)f(base)h(case)150 3497 y(and)30 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)j Fk(THROW)p Fs(.)40 b(As)30 b(a)h(result,)g Fk(MY.REPEAT)p Fs('s)d(last)k(instruction)e (line)h(will)g(output)f(an)h(empt)m(y)g(list,)150 3606 y(so)d(the)g(ev)-5 b(aluation)30 b(of)e(the)g(macro)h(result)e(b)m(y)h (the)g(caller)i(will)e(do)g(nothing.)40 b(But)28 b(if)g(a)g Fk(STOP)f Fs(or)h Fk(OUTPUT)150 3716 y Fs(happ)s(ens,)e(then)i Fk(REPEAT.DONE)c Fs(will)k(output)f(a)h Fk(STOP)e Fs(or)h Fk(OUTPUT)f Fs(instruction)h(that)h(will)g(b)s(e)f(executed)150 3826 y(in)j(the)h(caller's)g(con)m(text.)150 3993 y(The)45 b(macro-de\014ning)h(commands)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(names)e(starting)h(with)g (a)g(dot)f(b)s(ecause)h(macros)g(are)g(an)150 4103 y(adv)-5 b(anced)44 b(feature)g(of)g(Logo;)53 b(it's)44 b(easy)h(to)f(get)h(in)f (trouble)g(b)m(y)g(de\014ning)f(a)h(macro)h(that)f(do)s(esn't)150 4213 y(terminate,)32 b(or)e(b)m(y)g(failing)i(to)f(construct)f(the)h (instruction)f(list)h(prop)s(erly)-8 b(.)150 4380 y(Lisp)32 b(users)f(should)h(note)h(that)g(Logo)g(macros)g(are)g Fg(not)41 b Fs(sp)s(ecial)33 b(forms.)46 b(That)33 b(is,)g(the)f (inputs)g(to)h(the)150 4490 y(macro)27 b(are)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)28 b(normally)-8 b(,)28 b(as)f(they)g(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)f(for) g(an)m(y)h(other)g(Logo)h(pro)s(cedure.)39 b(It's)27 b(only)g(the)150 4599 y(output)j(from)g(the)g(macro)h(that's)h(handled) d(un)m(usually)-8 b(.)150 4767 y(Here's)31 b(another)g(example:)390 4935 y Fk(.macro)46 b(localmake)f(:name)i(:value)390 5044 y(output)f(\(list)g("local)476 b(~)1010 5154 y(word)47 b("")g(:name)142 b(~)1010 5264 y("apply)476 b(~)p eop end %%Page: 85 98 TeXDict begin 85 97 bop 150 -116 a Fs(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 b(Macros)2759 b(85)1010 299 y Fk(""make)476 b(~)1010 408 y(\(list)47 b(:name)f(:value\)\))390 518 y(end)150 686 y Fs(It's)31 b(used)e(this)h(w)m(a)m(y:)390 853 y Fk(to)47 b(try)390 963 y(localmake)e("garply)h("hello)390 1073 y(print)g(:garply)390 1182 y(end)150 1350 y(LOCALMAKE)28 b Fs(outputs)i(the)g(list)390 1518 y([lo)s(cal)i Fk(")p Fs(garply)e(apply)g Fk(")p Fs(mak)m(e)h([garply)g(hello]])150 1685 y(The)38 b(reason)h(for)f(the)h(use)f(of)h Fk(APPLY)e Fs(is)h(to)i(a)m(v)m(oid)g(ha)m(ving)f(to)g(decide)g(whether)f(or)g (not)h(the)g(second)150 1795 y(input)30 b(to)i Fk(MAKE)e Fs(requires)g(a)h(quotation)i(mark)d(b)s(efore)h(it.)43 b(\(In)31 b(this)g(case)h(it)f(w)m(ould)g(|)g Fk(MAKE)e("GARPLY)150 1905 y("HELLO)g Fs(|)h(but)g(the)g(quotation)i(mark)e(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e) g(wrong)g(if)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(w)m(ere)h(a)g(list.\))150 2072 y(It's)g(often)f(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(to)e(use)f(the)h Fk(`)f Fs(function)g(to)h(construct)g(the)f(instruction)h(list:)390 2240 y Fk(.macro)46 b(localmake)f(:name)i(:value)390 2350 y(op)g(`[local)f(,[word)g("")h(:name])f(apply)h("make)f([,[:name]) f(,[:value]]])390 2459 y(end)150 2627 y Fs(On)30 b(the)g(other)h(hand,) e Fk(`)h Fs(is)h(prett)m(y)g(slo)m(w,)g(since)g(it's)g(tree)g(recursiv) m(e)g(and)e(written)i(in)f(Logo.)150 2795 y(See)j([TO],)g(page)h(49,)h (,)f([DEFINE],)g(page)f(50,)i(,)f([APPL)-8 b(Y],)34 b(page)g(76,)g(,)g ([STOP],)f(page)g(69,)i(,)f([OUT-)150 2904 y(PUT],)d(page)g(69,)g(.)150 3102 y Fh(.defmacro)150 3249 y Fs(See)g([dMA)m(CR)m(O],)g(page)g(83,)h (.)150 3448 y Fh(macrop)390 3595 y Fk(MACROP)46 b(name)390 3704 y(MACRO?)g(name)150 3872 y Fs(outputs)30 b Fk(TRUE)f Fs(if)h(its)h(input)f(is)g(the)h(name)f(of)h(a)f(macro.)150 4070 y Fh(macro)s(expand)390 4217 y Fk(MACROEXPAND)45 b(expr)h(\(library)g(procedure\))150 4385 y Fs(tak)m(es)39 b(as)f(its)g(input)e(a)i(Logo)h(expression)e(that)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)g (a)f(macro)g(\(that)h(is,)g(one)f(that)g(b)s(egins)f(with)150 4495 y(the)i(name)f(of)g(a)h(macro\))g(and)f(outputs)g(the)g(the)h (Logo)g(expression)f(in)m(to)i(whic)m(h)e(the)g(macro)h(w)m(ould)150 4604 y(translate)32 b(the)e(input)g(expression.)390 4772 y Fk(.macro)46 b(localmake)f(:name)i(:value)390 4881 y(op)g(`[local)f(,[word)g("")h(:name])f(apply)h("make)f([,[:name])f (,[:value]]])390 4991 y(end)390 5210 y(?)i(show)g(macroexpand)e ([localmake)g("pi)i(3.14159])390 5320 y([local)f("pi)h(apply)f("make)h ([pi)g(3.14159]])p eop end %%Page: 86 99 TeXDict begin 86 98 bop eop end %%Page: 87 100 TeXDict begin 87 99 bop 3659 -116 a Fs(87)150 299 y Fp(10)80 b(Error)53 b(Pro)t(cessing)150 546 y Fs(If)37 b(an)h(error)f(o)s (ccurs,)j(Logo)e(tak)m(es)i(the)d(follo)m(wing)j(steps.)62 b(First,)40 b(if)e(there)g(is)g(an)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)40 b(v)-5 b(ariable)150 656 y(named)37 b Fk(ERRACT)p Fs(,)g(Logo)h(tak)m (es)h(its)e(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(as)f(an)g(instructionlist)h(and)f(runs)e (the)j(instructions.)60 b(The)150 765 y(op)s(eration)26 b Fk(ERROR)f Fs(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(used)f(within)g(the)h(instructions)g (\(once\))h(to)g(examine)f(the)h(error)e(condition.)150 875 y(If)k(the)h(instructionlist)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)h Fk(PAUSE)p Fs(,)e(the)h(error)f(message)i(is)e(prin)m(ted)g(b)s(efore)h (the)f(pause)g(happ)s(ens.)150 985 y(Certain)f(errors)f(are)h Fl(reco)m(v)m(erable)5 b Fs(;)32 b(for)27 b(one)h(of)g(those)h(errors,) f(if)f(the)h(instructionlist)h(outputs)e(a)h(v)-5 b(alue,)150 1094 y(that)26 b(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(is)e(used)g(in)h(place)h(of)f(the)g (expression)f(that)h(caused)g(the)g(error.)39 b(\(If)26 b Fk(ERRACT)e Fs(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)j Fk(PAUSE)150 1204 y Fs(and)37 b(the)g(user)g(then)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)j Fk(CONTINUE)c Fs(with)i(an)g(input,)i(that)e(input)g(b)s(ecomes)g(the)h (output)e(from)150 1313 y Fk(PAUSE)29 b Fs(and)h(therefore)h(the)f (output)g(from)g(the)h Fk(ERRACT)d Fs(instructionlist.\))150 1481 y(It)36 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)f(for)h(an)g Fk(ERRACT)e Fs(instructionlist)j(to)f(pro)s(duce)f(an)h(inappropriate)f(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(or)f(no)f(v)-5 b(alue)150 1591 y(where)40 b(one)h(is)f(needed.)71 b(As)40 b(a)h(result,)i(the)e(same)f(error)g (condition)i(could)e(recur)g(forev)m(er)h(b)s(ecause)150 1700 y(of)f(this)g(mec)m(hanism.)70 b(T)-8 b(o)40 b(a)m(v)m(oid)h(that) g(danger,)h(if)e(the)g(same)h(error)e(condition)i(o)s(ccurs)f(t)m(wice) h(in)f(a)150 1810 y(ro)m(w)32 b(from)f(an)h Fk(ERRACT)e Fs(instructionlist)j(without)f(user)f(in)m(teraction,)j(the)e(message)h (`)p Fk(Erract)c(loop)p Fs(')i(is)150 1919 y(prin)m(ted)i(and)g(con)m (trol)i(returns)e(to)h(toplev)m(el.)53 b Fk(")p Fs(Without)34 b(user)f(in)m(teraction)p Fk(")i Fs(means)f(that)g(if)g Fk(ERRACT)150 2029 y Fs(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)41 b Fk(PAUSE)c Fs(and)h(the)h(user)f(pro)m(vides)h(an)f(incorrect)i(v)-5 b(alue,)42 b(this)c(lo)s(op)h(prev)m(en)m(tion)h(mec)m(hanism)150 2139 y(do)s(es)30 b(not)h(tak)m(e)h(e\013ect)g(and)d(the)i(user)f(gets) h(to)g(try)f(again.)150 2306 y(During)36 b(the)h(running)e(of)h(the)h Fk(ERRACT)e Fs(instructionlist,)k Fk(ERRACT)c Fs(is)h(lo)s(cally)i(un)m (b)s(ound,)e(so)h(an)f(error)150 2416 y(in)31 b(the)h Fk(ERRACT)d Fs(instructions)j(themselv)m(es)g(will)g(not)f(cause)h(a)g (lo)s(op.)44 b(In)31 b(particular,)h(an)f(error)g(during)150 2526 y(a)i(pause)f(will)i(not)f(cause)g(a)g(pause-within-a-pause)g (unless)f(the)h(user)f(reassigns)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b Fk([PAUSE])150 2635 y Fs(to)j Fk(ERRACT)d Fs(during)g(the)i(pause.)54 b(But)35 b(suc)m(h)g(an)f(error)h(will)g(not)g(return)f(to)h(toplev)m (el;)k(it)d(will)f(remain)150 2745 y(within)30 b(the)g(original)i (pause)e(lo)s(op.)150 2912 y(If)42 b(there)h(is)f(no)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)45 b Fk(ERRACT)c Fs(v)-5 b(alue,)46 b(Logo)e(handles)e(the)g (error)g(b)m(y)h(generating)h(an)e(in)m(ternal)150 3022 y Fk(THROW)k("ERROR)o Fs(.)58 b(\(A)37 b(user)e(program)h(can)h(also)g (generate)h(an)e(error)g(condition)h(delib)s(erately)g(b)m(y)f(in-)150 3132 y(v)m(oking)g Fk(THROW)p Fs(.\))55 b(If)35 b(this)g(thro)m(w)h(is) f(not)h(caugh)m(t)g(b)m(y)f(a)h Fk(CATCH)46 b("ERROR)34 b Fs(in)h(the)h(user)e(program,)j(it)f(is)150 3241 y(ev)m(en)m(tually) 25 b(caugh)m(t)f(either)g(b)m(y)f(the)g(toplev)m(el)i(instruction)f(lo) s(op)f(or)g(b)m(y)g(a)g(pause)g(lo)s(op,)i(whic)m(h)e(prin)m(ts)g(the) 150 3351 y(error)f(message.)40 b(An)22 b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i(of)f Fk(CATCH)47 b("ERROR)20 b Fs(in)j(a)g(user)f(program)g(lo)s(cally)i(un) m(binds)d Fk(ERRACT)p Fs(,)i(so)150 3460 y(the)j(e\013ect)h(is)f(that)h (whic)m(hev)m(er)f(of)g Fk(ERRACT)e Fs(and)h Fk(CATCH)47 b("ERROR)24 b Fs(is)i(more)g(lo)s(cal)h(will)f(tak)m(e)h(precedence.) 150 3628 y(If)35 b(a)h(\015oating)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(o)m(v)m(er\015o)m(w)h (o)s(ccurs)e(during)f(an)h(arithmetic)i(op)s(eration,)h(or)d(a)h(t)m(w) m(o-input)g(mathe-)150 3738 y(matical)29 b(function)d(\(lik)m(e)j Fk(POWER)p Fs(\))d(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(with)f(an)f(illegal)k(com)m (bination)e(of)f(inputs,)g(the)g(`)p Fk(doesn't)150 3847 y(like)p Fs(')j(message)h(refers)f(to)h(the)g(second)g(op)s(erand,)e (but)h(should)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)i(as)f(meaning)f(the)h(com)m(bina-)150 3957 y(tion.)150 4125 y(See)e([ERRA)m(CT],)g(page)h(89,)g(,)g([THR)m(O) m(W],)g(page)g(69,)g(,)g([ERR)m(OR],)f(page)h(70,)g(,)f([CA)-8 b(TCH],)30 b(page)f(69,)i(,)150 4234 y([P)-8 b(A)m(USE],)32 b(page)f(70,)g(,)g([CONTINUE],)f(page)h(70,)h(.)150 4465 y Fr(10.1)68 b(Error)46 b(Co)t(des)150 4624 y Fs(Here)23 b(are)g(the)g(n)m(umeric)g(co)s(des)g(that)g(app)s(ear)f(as)h(the)g (\014rst)f(mem)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(the)g(list)h(output)e(b)m(y)h Fk(ERROR)e Fs(when)150 4734 y(an)k(error)g(is)g(caugh)m(t,)i(with)e (the)g(corresp)s(onding)f(messages.)40 b(Some)25 b(messages)h(ma)m(y)g (ha)m(v)m(e)g(t)m(w)m(o)g(di\013eren)m(t)150 4844 y(co)s(des)31 b(dep)s(ending)e(on)i(whether)f(or)g(not)h(the)g(error)f(is)h(reco)m(v) m(erable)i(\(that)f(is,)f(a)g(substitute)f(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(can)150 4953 y(b)s(e)37 b(pro)m(vided)f(through)h(the)g Fk(ERRACT)f Fs(mec)m(hanism\))i(in)f(the)g(sp)s(eci\014c)g(con)m(text.) 63 b(Some)37 b(messages)i(are)150 5063 y(w)m(arnings)27 b(rather)f(than)h(errors;)h(these)f(will)g(not)g(b)s(e)f(caugh)m(t.)41 b(Errors)26 b(0)h(and)f(32)i(are)f(so)g(bad)f(that)i(Logo)150 5172 y(exits)j(immediately)-8 b(.)485 5340 y Fk(0)48 b(Fatal)e(internal)g(error)94 b Fs(\(can't)32 b(b)s(e)d(caugh)m(t\))p eop end %%Page: 88 101 TeXDict begin 88 100 bop 150 -116 a Fs(88)2551 b(BERKELEY)30 b(LOGO)g(6.1)485 299 y Fk(1)48 b(Out)f(of)g(memory)485 408 y(2)h(Stack)e(overflow)485 518 y(3)i(Turtle)e(out)h(of)g(bounds)485 628 y(4)h Fi(proc)f Fk(doesn't)e(like)i Fi(datum)f Fk(as)i(input)94 b Fs(\(not)31 b(reco)m(v)m(erable\))485 737 y Fk(5)48 b Fi(proc)f Fk(didn't)f(output)g(to)h Fi(proc)485 847 y Fk(6)h(Not)f(enough)f(inputs)g(to)h Fi(proc)485 956 y Fk(7)h(proc)f(doesn't)e(like)i(datum)f(as)i(input)94 b Fs(\(reco)m(v)m(erable\))485 1066 y Fk(8)48 b(Too)f(much)f(inside)h (\(\)'s)485 1176 y(9)96 b(You)47 b(don't)f(say)h(what)f(to)i(do)f(with) f Fi(datum)438 1285 y Fk(10)h('\)')g(not)g(found)438 1395 y(11)g Fi(var)g Fk(has)g(no)g(value)438 1504 y(12)g(Unexpected)e ('\)')438 1614 y(13)i(I)g(don't)g(know)f(how)h(to)g Fi(proc)95 b Fs(\(reco)m(v)m(erable\))438 1724 y Fk(14)47 b(Can't)f(find)h(catch)f (tag)h(for)g Fi(throwtag)438 1833 y Fk(15)g Fi(proc)g Fk(is)g(already)f(defined)438 1943 y(16)h(Stopped)438 2052 y(17)g(Already)f(dribbling)438 2162 y(18)h(File)g(system)f(error) 438 2271 y(19)h(Assuming)e(you)i(mean)g(IFELSE,)f(not)h(IF)95 b Fs(\(w)m(arning)30 b(only\))438 2381 y Fk(20)47 b Fi(var)g Fk(shadowed)e(by)j(local)e(in)h(procedure)e(call)95 b Fs(\(w)m(arning)30 b(only\))438 2491 y Fk(21)47 b(Throw)f("Error)438 2600 y(22)h Fi(proc)g Fk(is)g(a)g(primitive)438 2710 y(23)g(Can't)f(use)h(TO)g(inside)f(a)i(procedure)438 2819 y(24)f(I)g(don't)g(know)f(how)h(to)g Fi(proc)95 b Fs(\(not)31 b(reco)m(v)m(erable\))438 2929 y Fk(25)47 b(IFTRUE/IFFALSE)d(without)i(TEST)438 3039 y(26)h(Unexpected)e(']')438 3148 y(27)i(Unexpected)e('}')438 3258 y(28)i(Couldn't)e(initialize)g (graphics)438 3367 y(29)i(Macro)f(returned)g Fi(value)g Fk(instead)g(of)h(a)h(list)438 3477 y(30)f(You)g(don't)f(say)h(what)g (to)g(do)g(with)g Fi(value)438 3587 y Fk(31)g(Can)g(only)f(use)h(STOP)g (or)g(OUTPUT)f(inside)g(a)i(procedure)438 3696 y(32)f(APPLY)f(doesn't)g 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y(See)i([PRINT],)f(page)h(19,)h(.)150 775 y Fh(redefp)390 922 y Fk(REDEFP)1812 b(\(variable\))150 1090 y Fs(if)30 b Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)g(allo)m(ws)i(primitiv)m(es)f(to)g(b)s (e)e(erased)i(\()p Fk(ERASE)p Fs(\))f(or)g(rede\014ned)f(\()p Fk(COPYDEF)p Fs(\).)150 1258 y(See)i([ERASE],)f(page)h(57,)h(,)e ([COPYDEF],)h(page)g(51,)h(.)150 1457 y Fh(startup)390 1604 y Fk(STARTUP)1764 b(\(variable\))150 1772 y Fs(if)31 b(assigned)g(a)g(list)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(in)e(a)i(\014le)f(loaded)g(b)m (y)g Fk(LOAD)p Fs(,)f(that)i(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(run)f(as)h(an)g (instructionlist)g(after)150 1881 y(the)g(loading.)150 2049 y(See)g([LO)m(AD],)g(page)g(63,)h(.)150 2248 y Fh(un)m(bury)m (onedit)390 2395 y Fk(UNBURYONEDIT)1333 b(\(variable\))150 2563 y Fs(if)34 b Fk(TRUE)p Fs(,)g(causes)g(an)m(y)h(pro)s(cedure)e (de\014ned)f(during)h Fk(EDIT)g Fs(or)h Fk(LOAD)f Fs(to)h(b)s(e)g(un)m (buried,)f(so)h(that)h(it)g(will)150 2672 y(b)s(e)29 b(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(a)h(later)g Fk(SAVE)p Fs(.)40 b(Files)30 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E|&~5ҦPJ=@Ch#.Yj }61) &`8;,ؤC  SI\d^ؼlaTdJZ eS"`c s6YP'As݋.Կ aٷci\HSa5}4eK 6dɦMДҊӮ^Ous褾n' 14~'/['ιB&;6b|.Gu4hᒧ(ٝ%[;m\]3] GaTʎJEk^i> stream xYn7 }߯co_m.C,p ėMg^^sG"ER,$*UR81B%a9IjsZI&m2Вq`:'BMDTJ걦 O%%5oBh[L"N  z"R<k00@D}Z% `+T: 0X]=LRh~MP[)BS<<+da:#`fR1=> 9ЀicQH2,5_:4,)y8xp!^cӌ-.=`A!P3.e]Ac*p$ S5 3<a1dPoc VDj1uI=!V":(|XX &ˆbgo 4A-d6JfXRdaydb=A/*&5C&q x53HKZˊMٳKV8{vpy~|oW}1M Għ0."Z  Q 8eɽ8P@R +hUC&nԿaݐK!3B>>?_b":?/_>=?_^_\\)o˜wZ,\#;9N<8n{pIX.P$܂TǁX-8}4"M#7fZvd׃ڧpp Q8eSoWxqlrBrEΕ ROTb_|B6vPH[TTqb76‚?;hK;ِVjWr֧u` ɼ(2޵ *MƁʚVt] endstream endobj 2342 0 obj << /Length 1953 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xڵXߏ۸~_ᷓX'%OIMR,Cև+zw:k%Wϻ;(˶(Xp8~Pj$:M6YD4l&o~Kl}gLk2buv:$/fwJFPu 6lӃ(unzҳȾJi_߲Cb&z{eS>fD!n]O#CRpqo2eɲLcf ^{<{Ƣq L& q Տv[˝M!utպš#/]:hU\,MWJZ~Y_*z5Ec*Q|m?lN*6SACInH(?mє6t6`u-6 Ξk Q*p2IV?t8%oO6<~9ZVy ɀaphu[>C{+J`8`+^gx[B %TxJ]MzDfݙ:(M]LdzpJE /"GF7P~Yi3^r cG : \ pIN ۨ(p2Eł_Q{,]m1 ~hZ)`XPp(깔mUlz@t~`Yo, IL>[\V ܘ߽_3It1u7P e75C$1wQk!g7NuDZTVsL`„=z`+91N>_kllxX,>>->[!ݍ-X@@B؃ nt9׉}sog7Tx9\˅"w5+jn92ГC9\_cDA[sKdh OSmĹ\1ڶ+imq KM$t~*Р!}yr}?F8xlȈY '`ԀvXTۻ'[wp3YPcן|4yfyE{:5 ޕmV;G1EIym_)uy*3eՆ6i:S" :p DL-mS~`6=I #QjE _dYaU udՒbXAn%6P v~0z<<|b:RaJpL/t~Vl"I) ^$afUxcZvRKw>R"rdBí4c4گNpB8Uk,4wKL,}SX.ѲX|ÍY7[#adYClBe) SfEvW<(/V~yP_,᪳%q_\ŬSCpf~SOvx.LכZriBI@6X[xz*v5,tpݾhU 4^m\J·(5Ov[@oQ^E rIJ&$> stream xڥr}o V0 <DHtٮ>`!9 apX>} HVĞjZdbE~~=,xF|s$ Yn?f+8\4HoۇU?"yk_-?fܓ+BʯKNc_E1KdB/W [eړ\>K xuVSk\90oANyrjl0B/2`FXW vjm}u2[Eˇyo ̨^tcp^պu/lSeШNߑn^RIĘn"rҺ~*`-&/#u6u#؂@H9Z#Y^c}Y3{ %; fyI •%J& ć 8ܾOO6Aؔ0h[o{'wtAIokܳHu^w7[!Bv{QH3x,q 06:mc`lA/f8g"19/K5hCj,e\_NMg8Ϩ7i!XB0C_h:JN~ Kva&kˤl :oۼ9`]U0&N_sEQؖdCy@J"o`n~R ɨ}W8|ytpZţcЩDwg6-%C[9;˰A˜oib5- =5f/_-)i*P9'1ͨDn xFxFA#-8C3k7ҋYB >L|Q&z:ĥɼ?T $c7aqrN] Dc9؏u2z1Kh`ovKCͷq/~&iݹ/ d endstream endobj 2352 0 obj << /Length 1838 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xXo6_*@͉"՗!M&C kX͑ IQ(;a(А>w4b bfOg-θc~rӵb7ɼ-j>9YTqB8󾔾H֙}/#ϑ䗳UBg:E^ RV I:\pgZ h[E,y!ppesN~R'1˸jS7UuYCn'K0z5S=ש2eZڵ./7zJϮ~ե~\*X]p2?5wLH;:MU0\^N w!oD'S% >I3yqe~ȼe&0b2aF11?5sQW"͟3]y$[uPC<2 ORf~]=OJ˶z]щZ#$>SMs~j5몉0fA( 8,8#JO+P;:T/ǃ׏Wc$1/j[̪UYCˢ ]z:*=Mn_c*vEmXww5oВ"GU~٦(T0(|oD`OUgn` MQ?l!_{H6q_:[Ո,Vw=^v ZFE_v~^}|WKa6_L'uC;Q.GR,'S}A Upv-c:^8 іV^D wJ]HVD92Vj#ZVUFKlf)ȬGQҲHf0)]sV2A~(y$JW<:Ə/0QdٓJMQ טXu܁VVj]X;zo).M@'mk ?2 ')t9^tBgh#KP|̍C7vS&$} oif]=*&m5MnKV?H3v~5'B u)"p9+S RJܫ;Vb]*L p6luApJ\sLo)w6mt?$4(>tͤ˱@חq7SPJ2N禬j<8h<6\17_RSuFJ&dٮ'`DDCK> stream xWKs6WVjd |j&Ț 8HQ}MYL$ϴxpBlpFQl\v)F8b$烠ߓ|380Üf}U'Y3dv؏"޿7K64j29 #ybQG, B0,J2HE[yʲì5I giD0pnfnn`1of(>jaxZnW #5{3Oj]e]x=d&QnsS{[W$&h2T9΃"9igC5R3]&&ӛ`&&!pA"AAcan(g@Ex^:ʂ\rtBHQ<6_GF Ö1mL Q+;:~ "fWv0v#g;QكoHG{Cu( p*ɭ}\@E 3ʅG;n'*-)rr[*Ԉhܛ9ܗz*]llԏueB .qulmN F!? 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@xrdef{LISTTOARRAY-title}{listtoarray} @xrdef{LISTTOARRAY-snt}{} @xrdef{ARRAYTOLIST-title}{arraytolist} @xrdef{ARRAYTOLIST-snt}{} @xrdef{COMBINE-title}{combine} @xrdef{COMBINE-snt}{} @xrdef{REVERSE-title}{reverse} @xrdef{REVERSE-snt}{} @xrdef{GENSYM-title}{gensym} @xrdef{GENSYM-snt}{} @xrdef{SELECTORS-title}{Data Selectors} @xrdef{SELECTORS-snt}{Section@tie 2.2} @xrdef{FIRST-title}{first} @xrdef{FIRST-snt}{} @xrdef{MDARRAY-pg}{10} @xrdef{LISTTOARRAY-pg}{10} @xrdef{ARRAYTOLIST-pg}{10} @xrdef{COMBINE-pg}{10} @xrdef{REVERSE-pg}{10} @xrdef{GENSYM-pg}{10} @xrdef{SELECTORS-pg}{10} @xrdef{FIRST-pg}{10} @xrdef{FIRSTS-title}{firsts} @xrdef{FIRSTS-snt}{} @xrdef{LAST-title}{last} @xrdef{LAST-snt}{} @xrdef{BUTFIRST-title}{butfirst} @xrdef{BUTFIRST-snt}{} @xrdef{BUTFIRSTS-title}{butfirsts} @xrdef{BUTFIRSTS-snt}{} @xrdef{FIRSTS-pg}{11} @xrdef{LAST-pg}{11} @xrdef{BUTFIRST-pg}{11} @xrdef{BUTFIRSTS-pg}{11} @xrdef{BUTLAST-title}{butlast} @xrdef{BUTLAST-snt}{} @xrdef{ITEM-title}{item} @xrdef{ITEM-snt}{} @xrdef{MDITEM-title}{mditem} @xrdef{MDITEM-snt}{} @xrdef{PICK-title}{pick} @xrdef{PICK-snt}{} @xrdef{REMOVE-title}{remove} @xrdef{REMOVE-snt}{} @xrdef{REMDUP-title}{remdup} @xrdef{REMDUP-snt}{} @xrdef{QUOTED-title}{quoted} @xrdef{QUOTED-snt}{} @xrdef{MUTATORS-title}{Data Mutators} @xrdef{MUTATORS-snt}{Section@tie 2.3} @xrdef{SETITEM-title}{setitem} @xrdef{SETITEM-snt}{} @xrdef{BUTLAST-pg}{12} @xrdef{ITEM-pg}{12} @xrdef{MDITEM-pg}{12} @xrdef{PICK-pg}{12} @xrdef{REMOVE-pg}{12} @xrdef{REMDUP-pg}{12} @xrdef{QUOTED-pg}{12} @xrdef{MUTATORS-pg}{12} @xrdef{SETITEM-pg}{12} @xrdef{MDSETITEM-title}{mdsetitem} @xrdef{MDSETITEM-snt}{} @xrdef{dSETFIRST-title}{.setfirst} @xrdef{dSETFIRST-snt}{} @xrdef{dSETBF-title}{.setbf} @xrdef{dSETBF-snt}{} @xrdef{dSETITEM-title}{.setitem} @xrdef{dSETITEM-snt}{} @xrdef{PUSH-title}{push} @xrdef{PUSH-snt}{} @xrdef{POP-title}{pop} @xrdef{POP-snt}{} @xrdef{MDSETITEM-pg}{13} @xrdef{dSETFIRST-pg}{13} @xrdef{dSETBF-pg}{13} @xrdef{dSETITEM-pg}{13} @xrdef{PUSH-pg}{13} @xrdef{POP-pg}{13} @xrdef{QUEUE-title}{queue} @xrdef{QUEUE-snt}{} @xrdef{DEQUEUE-title}{dequeue} @xrdef{DEQUEUE-snt}{} @xrdef{PREDICATES-title}{Predicates} @xrdef{PREDICATES-snt}{Section@tie 2.4} @xrdef{WORDP-title}{wordp} @xrdef{WORDP-snt}{} @xrdef{LISTP-title}{listp} @xrdef{LISTP-snt}{} @xrdef{ARRAYP-title}{arrayp} @xrdef{ARRAYP-snt}{} @xrdef{EMPTYP-title}{emptyp} @xrdef{EMPTYP-snt}{} @xrdef{EQUALP-title}{equalp} @xrdef{EQUALP-snt}{} @xrdef{QUEUE-pg}{14} @xrdef{DEQUEUE-pg}{14} @xrdef{PREDICATES-pg}{14} @xrdef{WORDP-pg}{14} @xrdef{LISTP-pg}{14} @xrdef{ARRAYP-pg}{14} @xrdef{EMPTYP-pg}{14} @xrdef{EQUALP-pg}{14} @xrdef{NOTEQUALP-title}{notequalp} @xrdef{NOTEQUALP-snt}{} @xrdef{BEFOREP-title}{beforep} @xrdef{BEFOREP-snt}{} @xrdef{dEQ-title}{.eq} @xrdef{dEQ-snt}{} @xrdef{MEMBERP-title}{memberp} @xrdef{MEMBERP-snt}{} @xrdef{SUBSTRINGP-title}{substringp} @xrdef{SUBSTRINGP-snt}{} @xrdef{NOTEQUALP-pg}{15} @xrdef{BEFOREP-pg}{15} @xrdef{dEQ-pg}{15} @xrdef{MEMBERP-pg}{15} @xrdef{NUMBERP-title}{numberp} @xrdef{NUMBERP-snt}{} @xrdef{VBARREDP-title}{vbarredp} @xrdef{VBARREDP-snt}{} @xrdef{QUERIES-title}{Queries} @xrdef{QUERIES-snt}{Section@tie 2.5} @xrdef{COUNT-title}{count} @xrdef{COUNT-snt}{} @xrdef{ASCII-title}{ascii} @xrdef{ASCII-snt}{} @xrdef{RAWASCII-title}{rawascii} @xrdef{RAWASCII-snt}{} @xrdef{SUBSTRINGP-pg}{16} @xrdef{NUMBERP-pg}{16} @xrdef{VBARREDP-pg}{16} @xrdef{QUERIES-pg}{16} @xrdef{COUNT-pg}{16} @xrdef{ASCII-pg}{16} @xrdef{RAWASCII-pg}{16} @xrdef{CHAR-title}{char} @xrdef{CHAR-snt}{} @xrdef{MEMBER-title}{member} @xrdef{MEMBER-snt}{} @xrdef{LOWERCASE-title}{lowercase} @xrdef{LOWERCASE-snt}{} @xrdef{UPPERCASE-title}{uppercase} @xrdef{UPPERCASE-snt}{} @xrdef{STANDOUT-title}{standout} @xrdef{STANDOUT-snt}{} @xrdef{CHAR-pg}{17} @xrdef{MEMBER-pg}{17} @xrdef{LOWERCASE-pg}{17} @xrdef{UPPERCASE-pg}{17} @xrdef{STANDOUT-pg}{17} @xrdef{PARSE-title}{parse} @xrdef{PARSE-snt}{} @xrdef{RUNPARSE-title}{runparse} @xrdef{RUNPARSE-snt}{} @xrdef{PARSE-pg}{18} @xrdef{RUNPARSE-pg}{18} @xrdef{COMMUNICATION-title}{Communication} @xrdef{COMMUNICATION-snt}{Chapter@tie 3} @xrdef{TRANSMITTERS-title}{Transmitters} @xrdef{TRANSMITTERS-snt}{Section@tie 3.1} @xrdef{PRINT-title}{print} @xrdef{PRINT-snt}{} @xrdef{TYPE-title}{type} @xrdef{TYPE-snt}{} @xrdef{COMMUNICATION-pg}{19} @xrdef{TRANSMITTERS-pg}{19} @xrdef{PRINT-pg}{19} @xrdef{TYPE-pg}{19} @xrdef{SHOW-title}{show} @xrdef{SHOW-snt}{} @xrdef{RECEIVERS-title}{Receivers} @xrdef{RECEIVERS-snt}{Section@tie 3.2} @xrdef{READLIST-title}{readlist} @xrdef{READLIST-snt}{} @xrdef{READWORD-title}{readword} @xrdef{READWORD-snt}{} @xrdef{READRAWLINE-title}{readrawline} @xrdef{READRAWLINE-snt}{} @xrdef{SHOW-pg}{20} @xrdef{RECEIVERS-pg}{20} @xrdef{READLIST-pg}{20} @xrdef{READWORD-pg}{20} @xrdef{READRAWLINE-pg}{20} @xrdef{READCHAR-title}{readchar} @xrdef{READCHAR-snt}{} @xrdef{READCHARS-title}{readchars} @xrdef{READCHARS-snt}{} @xrdef{SHELL-title}{shell} @xrdef{SHELL-snt}{} @xrdef{READCHAR-pg}{21} @xrdef{READCHARS-pg}{21} @xrdef{SHELL-pg}{21} @xrdef{FILE ACCESS-title}{File Access} @xrdef{FILE ACCESS-snt}{Section@tie 3.3} @xrdef{SETPREFIX-title}{setprefix} @xrdef{SETPREFIX-snt}{} @xrdef{PREFIX-title}{prefix} @xrdef{PREFIX-snt}{} @xrdef{OPENREAD-title}{openread} @xrdef{OPENREAD-snt}{} @xrdef{OPENWRITE-title}{openwrite} @xrdef{OPENWRITE-snt}{} @xrdef{FILE ACCESS-pg}{22} @xrdef{SETPREFIX-pg}{22} @xrdef{PREFIX-pg}{22} @xrdef{OPENREAD-pg}{22} @xrdef{OPENWRITE-pg}{22} @xrdef{OPENAPPEND-title}{openappend} @xrdef{OPENAPPEND-snt}{} @xrdef{OPENUPDATE-title}{openupdate} @xrdef{OPENUPDATE-snt}{} @xrdef{CLOSE-title}{close} @xrdef{CLOSE-snt}{} @xrdef{ALLOPEN-title}{allopen} @xrdef{ALLOPEN-snt}{} @xrdef{CLOSEALL-title}{closeall} @xrdef{CLOSEALL-snt}{} @xrdef{ERASEFILE-title}{erasefile} @xrdef{ERASEFILE-snt}{} @xrdef{OPENAPPEND-pg}{23} @xrdef{OPENUPDATE-pg}{23} @xrdef{CLOSE-pg}{23} @xrdef{ALLOPEN-pg}{23} @xrdef{CLOSEALL-pg}{23} @xrdef{ERASEFILE-pg}{23} @xrdef{DRIBBLE-title}{dribble} @xrdef{DRIBBLE-snt}{} @xrdef{NODRIBBLE-title}{nodribble} @xrdef{NODRIBBLE-snt}{} @xrdef{SETREAD-title}{setread} @xrdef{SETREAD-snt}{} @xrdef{SETWRITE-title}{setwrite} @xrdef{SETWRITE-snt}{} @xrdef{READER-title}{reader} @xrdef{READER-snt}{} @xrdef{DRIBBLE-pg}{24} @xrdef{NODRIBBLE-pg}{24} @xrdef{SETREAD-pg}{24} @xrdef{SETWRITE-pg}{24} @xrdef{WRITER-title}{writer} @xrdef{WRITER-snt}{} @xrdef{SETREADPOS-title}{setreadpos} @xrdef{SETREADPOS-snt}{} @xrdef{SETWRITEPOS-title}{setwritepos} @xrdef{SETWRITEPOS-snt}{} @xrdef{READPOS-title}{readpos} @xrdef{READPOS-snt}{} @xrdef{WRITEPOS-title}{writepos} @xrdef{WRITEPOS-snt}{} @xrdef{EOFP-title}{eofp} @xrdef{EOFP-snt}{} @xrdef{FILEP-title}{filep} @xrdef{FILEP-snt}{} @xrdef{READER-pg}{25} @xrdef{WRITER-pg}{25} @xrdef{SETREADPOS-pg}{25} @xrdef{SETWRITEPOS-pg}{25} @xrdef{READPOS-pg}{25} @xrdef{WRITEPOS-pg}{25} @xrdef{EOFP-pg}{25} @xrdef{TERMINAL ACCESS-title}{Terminal Access} @xrdef{TERMINAL ACCESS-snt}{Section@tie 3.4} @xrdef{KEYP-title}{keyp} @xrdef{KEYP-snt}{} @xrdef{CLEARTEXT-title}{cleartext} @xrdef{CLEARTEXT-snt}{} @xrdef{SETCURSOR-title}{setcursor} @xrdef{SETCURSOR-snt}{} @xrdef{CURSOR-title}{cursor} @xrdef{CURSOR-snt}{} @xrdef{SETMARGINS-title}{setmargins} @xrdef{SETMARGINS-snt}{} @xrdef{FILEP-pg}{26} @xrdef{TERMINAL ACCESS-pg}{26} @xrdef{KEYP-pg}{26} @xrdef{CLEARTEXT-pg}{26} @xrdef{SETCURSOR-pg}{26} @xrdef{CURSOR-pg}{26} @xrdef{SETMARGINS-pg}{26} @xrdef{SETTEXTCOLOR-title}{settextcolor} @xrdef{SETTEXTCOLOR-snt}{} @xrdef{INCREASEFONT-title}{increasefont} @xrdef{INCREASEFONT-snt}{} @xrdef{SETTEXTSIZE-title}{settextsize} @xrdef{SETTEXTSIZE-snt}{} @xrdef{TEXTSIZE-title}{textsize} @xrdef{TEXTSIZE-snt}{} @xrdef{SETTEXTCOLOR-pg}{27} @xrdef{INCREASEFONT-pg}{27} @xrdef{SETTEXTSIZE-pg}{27} @xrdef{TEXTSIZE-pg}{27} @xrdef{SETFONT-title}{setfont} @xrdef{SETFONT-snt}{} @xrdef{FONT-title}{font} @xrdef{FONT-snt}{} @xrdef{SETFONT-pg}{28} @xrdef{FONT-pg}{28} @xrdef{ARITHMETIC-title}{Arithmetic} @xrdef{ARITHMETIC-snt}{Chapter@tie 4} @xrdef{NUMERIC OPERATIONS-title}{Numeric Operations} @xrdef{NUMERIC OPERATIONS-snt}{Section@tie 4.1} @xrdef{SUM-title}{sum} @xrdef{SUM-snt}{} @xrdef{DIFFERENCE-title}{difference} @xrdef{DIFFERENCE-snt}{} @xrdef{MINUS-title}{minus} @xrdef{MINUS-snt}{} @xrdef{PRODUCT-title}{product} @xrdef{PRODUCT-snt}{} @xrdef{QUOTIENT-title}{quotient} @xrdef{QUOTIENT-snt}{} @xrdef{REMAINDER-title}{remainder} @xrdef{REMAINDER-snt}{} @xrdef{ARITHMETIC-pg}{29} @xrdef{NUMERIC OPERATIONS-pg}{29} @xrdef{SUM-pg}{29} @xrdef{DIFFERENCE-pg}{29} @xrdef{MINUS-pg}{29} @xrdef{PRODUCT-pg}{29} @xrdef{QUOTIENT-pg}{29} @xrdef{MODULO-title}{modulo} @xrdef{MODULO-snt}{} @xrdef{INT-title}{int} @xrdef{INT-snt}{} @xrdef{ROUND-title}{round} @xrdef{ROUND-snt}{} @xrdef{SQRT-title}{sqrt} @xrdef{SQRT-snt}{} @xrdef{POWER-title}{power} @xrdef{POWER-snt}{} @xrdef{EXP-title}{exp} @xrdef{EXP-snt}{} @xrdef{LOG10-title}{log10} @xrdef{LOG10-snt}{} @xrdef{LN-title}{ln} @xrdef{LN-snt}{} @xrdef{SIN-title}{sin} @xrdef{SIN-snt}{} @xrdef{REMAINDER-pg}{30} @xrdef{MODULO-pg}{30} @xrdef{INT-pg}{30} @xrdef{ROUND-pg}{30} @xrdef{SQRT-pg}{30} @xrdef{POWER-pg}{30} @xrdef{EXP-pg}{30} @xrdef{LOG10-pg}{30} @xrdef{LN-pg}{30} @xrdef{RADSIN-title}{radsin} @xrdef{RADSIN-snt}{} @xrdef{COS-title}{cos} @xrdef{COS-snt}{} @xrdef{RADCOS-title}{radcos} @xrdef{RADCOS-snt}{} @xrdef{ARCTAN-title}{arctan} @xrdef{ARCTAN-snt}{} @xrdef{RADARCTAN-title}{radarctan} @xrdef{RADARCTAN-snt}{} @xrdef{ISEQ-title}{iseq} @xrdef{ISEQ-snt}{} @xrdef{RSEQ-title}{rseq} @xrdef{RSEQ-snt}{} @xrdef{SIN-pg}{31} @xrdef{RADSIN-pg}{31} @xrdef{COS-pg}{31} @xrdef{RADCOS-pg}{31} @xrdef{ARCTAN-pg}{31} @xrdef{RADARCTAN-pg}{31} @xrdef{ISEQ-pg}{31} @xrdef{RSEQ-pg}{31} @xrdef{NUMERIC PREDICATES-title}{Numeric Predicates} @xrdef{NUMERIC PREDICATES-snt}{Section@tie 4.2} @xrdef{LESSP-title}{lessp} @xrdef{LESSP-snt}{} @xrdef{GREATERP-title}{greaterp} @xrdef{GREATERP-snt}{} @xrdef{LESSEQUALP-title}{lessequalp} @xrdef{LESSEQUALP-snt}{} @xrdef{GREATEREQUALP-title}{greaterequalp} @xrdef{GREATEREQUALP-snt}{} @xrdef{RANDOM NUMBERS-title}{Random Numbers} @xrdef{RANDOM NUMBERS-snt}{Section@tie 4.3} @xrdef{RANDOM-title}{random} @xrdef{RANDOM-snt}{} @xrdef{RERANDOM-title}{rerandom} @xrdef{RERANDOM-snt}{} @xrdef{NUMERIC PREDICATES-pg}{32} @xrdef{LESSP-pg}{32} @xrdef{GREATERP-pg}{32} @xrdef{LESSEQUALP-pg}{32} @xrdef{GREATEREQUALP-pg}{32} @xrdef{RANDOM NUMBERS-pg}{32} @xrdef{RANDOM-pg}{32} @xrdef{PRINT FORMATTING-title}{Print Formatting} @xrdef{PRINT FORMATTING-snt}{Section@tie 4.4} @xrdef{FORM-title}{form} @xrdef{FORM-snt}{} @xrdef{BITWISE OPERATIONS-title}{Bitwise Operations} @xrdef{BITWISE OPERATIONS-snt}{Section@tie 4.5} @xrdef{BITAND-title}{bitand} @xrdef{BITAND-snt}{} @xrdef{BITOR-title}{bitor} @xrdef{BITOR-snt}{} @xrdef{BITXOR-title}{bitxor} @xrdef{BITXOR-snt}{} @xrdef{RERANDOM-pg}{33} @xrdef{PRINT FORMATTING-pg}{33} @xrdef{FORM-pg}{33} @xrdef{BITWISE OPERATIONS-pg}{33} @xrdef{BITAND-pg}{33} @xrdef{BITOR-pg}{33} @xrdef{BITXOR-pg}{33} @xrdef{BITNOT-title}{bitnot} @xrdef{BITNOT-snt}{} @xrdef{ASHIFT-title}{ashift} @xrdef{ASHIFT-snt}{} @xrdef{LSHIFT-title}{lshift} @xrdef{LSHIFT-snt}{} @xrdef{BITNOT-pg}{34} @xrdef{ASHIFT-pg}{34} @xrdef{LSHIFT-pg}{34} @xrdef{LOGICAL OPERATIONS-title}{Logical Operations} @xrdef{LOGICAL OPERATIONS-snt}{Chapter@tie 5} @xrdef{AND-title}{and} @xrdef{AND-snt}{} @xrdef{OR-title}{or} @xrdef{OR-snt}{} @xrdef{NOT-title}{not} @xrdef{NOT-snt}{} @xrdef{LOGICAL OPERATIONS-pg}{35} @xrdef{AND-pg}{35} @xrdef{OR-pg}{35} @xrdef{NOT-pg}{35} @xrdef{GRAPHICS-title}{Graphics} @xrdef{GRAPHICS-snt}{Chapter@tie 6} @xrdef{TURTLE MOTION-title}{Turtle Motion} @xrdef{TURTLE MOTION-snt}{Section@tie 6.1} @xrdef{FORWARD-title}{forward} @xrdef{FORWARD-snt}{} @xrdef{BACK-title}{back} @xrdef{BACK-snt}{} @xrdef{LEFT-title}{left} @xrdef{LEFT-snt}{} @xrdef{GRAPHICS-pg}{37} @xrdef{TURTLE MOTION-pg}{37} @xrdef{FORWARD-pg}{37} @xrdef{BACK-pg}{37} @xrdef{RIGHT-title}{right} @xrdef{RIGHT-snt}{} @xrdef{SETPOS-title}{setpos} @xrdef{SETPOS-snt}{} @xrdef{SETXY-title}{setxy} @xrdef{SETXY-snt}{} @xrdef{SETX-title}{setx} @xrdef{SETX-snt}{} @xrdef{SETY-title}{sety} @xrdef{SETY-snt}{} @xrdef{SETHEADING-title}{setheading} @xrdef{SETHEADING-snt}{} @xrdef{HOME-title}{home} @xrdef{HOME-snt}{} @xrdef{ARC-title}{arc} @xrdef{ARC-snt}{} @xrdef{LEFT-pg}{38} @xrdef{RIGHT-pg}{38} @xrdef{SETPOS-pg}{38} @xrdef{SETXY-pg}{38} @xrdef{SETX-pg}{38} @xrdef{SETY-pg}{38} @xrdef{SETHEADING-pg}{38} @xrdef{HOME-pg}{38} @xrdef{TURTLE MOTION QUERIES-title}{Turtle Motion Queries} @xrdef{TURTLE MOTION QUERIES-snt}{Section@tie 6.2} @xrdef{POS-title}{pos} @xrdef{POS-snt}{} @xrdef{XCOR-title}{xcor} @xrdef{XCOR-snt}{} @xrdef{YCOR-title}{ycor} @xrdef{YCOR-snt}{} @xrdef{HEADING-title}{heading} @xrdef{HEADING-snt}{} @xrdef{TOWARDS-title}{towards} @xrdef{TOWARDS-snt}{} @xrdef{SCRUNCH-title}{scrunch} @xrdef{SCRUNCH-snt}{} @xrdef{TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL-title}{Turtle and Window Control} @xrdef{TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL-snt}{Section@tie 6.3} @xrdef{SHOWTURTLE-title}{showturtle} @xrdef{SHOWTURTLE-snt}{} @xrdef{HIDETURTLE-title}{hideturtle} @xrdef{HIDETURTLE-snt}{} @xrdef{ARC-pg}{39} @xrdef{TURTLE MOTION QUERIES-pg}{39} @xrdef{POS-pg}{39} @xrdef{XCOR-pg}{39} @xrdef{YCOR-pg}{39} @xrdef{HEADING-pg}{39} @xrdef{TOWARDS-pg}{39} @xrdef{SCRUNCH-pg}{39} @xrdef{TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL-pg}{39} @xrdef{SHOWTURTLE-pg}{39} @xrdef{CLEAN-title}{clean} @xrdef{CLEAN-snt}{} @xrdef{CLEARSCREEN-title}{clearscreen} @xrdef{CLEARSCREEN-snt}{} @xrdef{WRAP-title}{wrap} @xrdef{WRAP-snt}{} @xrdef{WINDOW-title}{window} @xrdef{WINDOW-snt}{} @xrdef{FENCE-title}{fence} @xrdef{FENCE-snt}{} @xrdef{HIDETURTLE-pg}{40} @xrdef{CLEAN-pg}{40} @xrdef{CLEARSCREEN-pg}{40} @xrdef{WRAP-pg}{40} @xrdef{WINDOW-pg}{40} @xrdef{FENCE-pg}{40} @xrdef{FILL-title}{fill} @xrdef{FILL-snt}{} @xrdef{FILLED-title}{filled} @xrdef{FILLED-snt}{} @xrdef{LABEL-title}{label} @xrdef{LABEL-snt}{} @xrdef{SETLABELHEIGHT-title}{setlabelheight} @xrdef{SETLABELHEIGHT-snt}{} @xrdef{TEXTSCREEN-title}{textscreen} @xrdef{TEXTSCREEN-snt}{} @xrdef{FULLSCREEN-title}{fullscreen} @xrdef{FULLSCREEN-snt}{} @xrdef{FILL-pg}{41} @xrdef{FILLED-pg}{41} @xrdef{LABEL-pg}{41} @xrdef{SETLABELHEIGHT-pg}{41} @xrdef{TEXTSCREEN-pg}{41} @xrdef{FULLSCREEN-pg}{41} @xrdef{SPLITSCREEN-title}{splitscreen} @xrdef{SPLITSCREEN-snt}{} @xrdef{SETSCRUNCH-title}{setscrunch} @xrdef{SETSCRUNCH-snt}{} @xrdef{REFRESH-title}{refresh} @xrdef{REFRESH-snt}{} @xrdef{NOREFRESH-title}{norefresh} @xrdef{NOREFRESH-snt}{} @xrdef{TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES-title}{Turtle and Window Queries} @xrdef{TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES-snt}{Section@tie 6.4} @xrdef{SHOWNP-title}{shownp} @xrdef{SHOWNP-snt}{} @xrdef{SPLITSCREEN-pg}{42} @xrdef{SETSCRUNCH-pg}{42} @xrdef{REFRESH-pg}{42} @xrdef{NOREFRESH-pg}{42} @xrdef{TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES-pg}{42} @xrdef{SCREENMODE-title}{screenmode} @xrdef{SCREENMODE-snt}{} @xrdef{TURTLEMODE-title}{turtlemode} @xrdef{TURTLEMODE-snt}{} @xrdef{LABELSIZE-title}{labelsize} @xrdef{LABELSIZE-snt}{} @xrdef{PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL-title}{Pen and Background Control} @xrdef{PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL-snt}{Section@tie 6.5} @xrdef{PENDOWN-title}{pendown} @xrdef{PENDOWN-snt}{} @xrdef{PENUP-title}{penup} @xrdef{PENUP-snt}{} @xrdef{PENPAINT-title}{penpaint} @xrdef{PENPAINT-snt}{} @xrdef{SHOWNP-pg}{43} @xrdef{SCREENMODE-pg}{43} @xrdef{TURTLEMODE-pg}{43} @xrdef{LABELSIZE-pg}{43} @xrdef{PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL-pg}{43} @xrdef{PENDOWN-pg}{43} @xrdef{PENUP-pg}{43} @xrdef{PENERASE-title}{penerase} @xrdef{PENERASE-snt}{} @xrdef{PENREVERSE-title}{penreverse} @xrdef{PENREVERSE-snt}{} @xrdef{SETPENCOLOR-title}{setpencolor} @xrdef{SETPENCOLOR-snt}{} @xrdef{SETPALETTE-title}{setpalette} @xrdef{SETPALETTE-snt}{} @xrdef{SETPENSIZE-title}{setpensize} @xrdef{SETPENSIZE-snt}{} @xrdef{PENPAINT-pg}{44} @xrdef{PENERASE-pg}{44} @xrdef{PENREVERSE-pg}{44} @xrdef{SETPENCOLOR-pg}{44} @xrdef{SETPALETTE-pg}{44} @xrdef{SETPENSIZE-pg}{44} @xrdef{SETPENPATTERN-title}{setpenpattern} @xrdef{SETPENPATTERN-snt}{} @xrdef{SETPEN-title}{setpen} @xrdef{SETPEN-snt}{} @xrdef{SETBACKGROUND-title}{setbackground} @xrdef{SETBACKGROUND-snt}{} @xrdef{PEN QUERIES-title}{Pen Queries} @xrdef{PEN QUERIES-snt}{Section@tie 6.6} @xrdef{PENDOWNP-title}{pendownp} @xrdef{PENDOWNP-snt}{} @xrdef{PENMODE-title}{penmode} @xrdef{PENMODE-snt}{} @xrdef{PENCOLOR-title}{pencolor} @xrdef{PENCOLOR-snt}{} @xrdef{SETPENPATTERN-pg}{45} @xrdef{SETPEN-pg}{45} @xrdef{SETBACKGROUND-pg}{45} @xrdef{PEN QUERIES-pg}{45} @xrdef{PENDOWNP-pg}{45} @xrdef{PENMODE-pg}{45} @xrdef{PENCOLOR-pg}{45} @xrdef{PALETTE-title}{palette} @xrdef{PALETTE-snt}{} @xrdef{PENSIZE-title}{pensize} @xrdef{PENSIZE-snt}{} @xrdef{PEN-title}{pen} @xrdef{PEN-snt}{} @xrdef{BACKGROUND-title}{background} @xrdef{BACKGROUND-snt}{} @xrdef{SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES-title}{Saving and Loading Pictures} @xrdef{SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES-snt}{Section@tie 6.7} @xrdef{SAVEPICT-title}{savepict} @xrdef{SAVEPICT-snt}{} @xrdef{LOADPICT-title}{loadpict} @xrdef{LOADPICT-snt}{} @xrdef{PALETTE-pg}{46} @xrdef{PENSIZE-pg}{46} @xrdef{PEN-pg}{46} @xrdef{BACKGROUND-pg}{46} @xrdef{SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES-pg}{46} @xrdef{SAVEPICT-pg}{46} @xrdef{LOADPICT-pg}{46} @xrdef{EPSPICT-title}{epspict} @xrdef{EPSPICT-snt}{} @xrdef{MOUSE QUERIES-title}{Mouse Queries} @xrdef{MOUSE QUERIES-snt}{Section@tie 6.8} @xrdef{MOUSEPOS-title}{mousepos} @xrdef{MOUSEPOS-snt}{} @xrdef{CLICKPOS-title}{clickpos} @xrdef{CLICKPOS-snt}{} @xrdef{BUTTONP-title}{buttonp} @xrdef{BUTTONP-snt}{} @xrdef{BUTTON-title}{button} @xrdef{BUTTON-snt}{} @xrdef{EPSPICT-pg}{47} @xrdef{MOUSE QUERIES-pg}{47} @xrdef{MOUSEPOS-pg}{47} @xrdef{CLICKPOS-pg}{47} @xrdef{BUTTONP-pg}{47} @xrdef{BUTTON-pg}{47} @xrdef{WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT-title}{Workspace Management} @xrdef{WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT-snt}{Chapter@tie 7} @xrdef{PROCEDURE DEFINITION-title}{Procedure Definition} @xrdef{PROCEDURE DEFINITION-snt}{Section@tie 7.1} @xrdef{TO-title}{to} @xrdef{TO-snt}{} @xrdef{WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT-pg}{49} @xrdef{PROCEDURE DEFINITION-pg}{49} @xrdef{TO-pg}{49} @xrdef{DEFINE-title}{define} @xrdef{DEFINE-snt}{} @xrdef{DEFINE-pg}{50} @xrdef{TEXT-title}{text} @xrdef{TEXT-snt}{} @xrdef{FULLTEXT-title}{fulltext} @xrdef{FULLTEXT-snt}{} @xrdef{COPYDEF-title}{copydef} @xrdef{COPYDEF-snt}{} @xrdef{VARIABLE DEFINITION-title}{Variable Definition} @xrdef{VARIABLE DEFINITION-snt}{Section@tie 7.2} @xrdef{MAKE-title}{make} @xrdef{MAKE-snt}{} @xrdef{NAME-title}{name} @xrdef{NAME-snt}{} @xrdef{TEXT-pg}{51} @xrdef{FULLTEXT-pg}{51} @xrdef{COPYDEF-pg}{51} @xrdef{VARIABLE DEFINITION-pg}{51} @xrdef{MAKE-pg}{51} @xrdef{NAME-pg}{51} @xrdef{LOCAL-title}{local} @xrdef{LOCAL-snt}{} @xrdef{LOCALMAKE-title}{localmake} @xrdef{LOCALMAKE-snt}{} @xrdef{THING-title}{thing} @xrdef{THING-snt}{} @xrdef{GLOBAL-title}{global} @xrdef{GLOBAL-snt}{} @xrdef{PROPERTY LISTS-title}{Property Lists} @xrdef{PROPERTY LISTS-snt}{Section@tie 7.3} @xrdef{LOCAL-pg}{52} @xrdef{LOCALMAKE-pg}{52} @xrdef{THING-pg}{52} @xrdef{GLOBAL-pg}{52} @xrdef{PPROP-title}{pprop} @xrdef{PPROP-snt}{} @xrdef{GPROP-title}{gprop} @xrdef{GPROP-snt}{} @xrdef{REMPROP-title}{remprop} @xrdef{REMPROP-snt}{} @xrdef{PLIST-title}{plist} @xrdef{PLIST-snt}{} @xrdef{WORKSPACE PREDICATES-title}{Workspace Predicates} @xrdef{WORKSPACE PREDICATES-snt}{Section@tie 7.4} @xrdef{PROCEDUREP-title}{procedurep} @xrdef{PROCEDUREP-snt}{} @xrdef{PRIMITIVEP-title}{primitivep} @xrdef{PRIMITIVEP-snt}{} @xrdef{PROPERTY LISTS-pg}{53} @xrdef{PPROP-pg}{53} @xrdef{GPROP-pg}{53} @xrdef{REMPROP-pg}{53} @xrdef{PLIST-pg}{53} @xrdef{WORKSPACE PREDICATES-pg}{53} @xrdef{PROCEDUREP-pg}{53} @xrdef{PRIMITIVEP-pg}{53} @xrdef{DEFINEDP-title}{definedp} @xrdef{DEFINEDP-snt}{} @xrdef{NAMEP-title}{namep} @xrdef{NAMEP-snt}{} @xrdef{PLISTP-title}{plistp} @xrdef{PLISTP-snt}{} @xrdef{WORKSPACE QUERIES-title}{Workspace Queries} @xrdef{WORKSPACE QUERIES-snt}{Section@tie 7.5} @xrdef{CONTENTS-title}{contents} @xrdef{CONTENTS-snt}{} @xrdef{BURIED-title}{buried} @xrdef{BURIED-snt}{} @xrdef{TRACED-title}{traced} @xrdef{TRACED-snt}{} @xrdef{STEPPED-title}{stepped} @xrdef{STEPPED-snt}{} @xrdef{DEFINEDP-pg}{54} @xrdef{NAMEP-pg}{54} @xrdef{PLISTP-pg}{54} @xrdef{WORKSPACE QUERIES-pg}{54} @xrdef{CONTENTS-pg}{54} @xrdef{BURIED-pg}{54} @xrdef{TRACED-pg}{54} @xrdef{STEPPED-pg}{54} @xrdef{PROCEDURES-title}{procedures} @xrdef{PROCEDURES-snt}{} @xrdef{PRIMITIVES-title}{primitives} @xrdef{PRIMITIVES-snt}{} @xrdef{NAMES-title}{names} @xrdef{NAMES-snt}{} @xrdef{PLISTS-title}{plists} @xrdef{PLISTS-snt}{} @xrdef{NAMELIST-title}{namelist} @xrdef{NAMELIST-snt}{} @xrdef{PLLIST-title}{pllist} @xrdef{PLLIST-snt}{} @xrdef{ARITY-title}{arity} @xrdef{ARITY-snt}{} @xrdef{PROCEDURES-pg}{55} @xrdef{PRIMITIVES-pg}{55} @xrdef{NAMES-pg}{55} @xrdef{PLISTS-pg}{55} @xrdef{NAMELIST-pg}{55} @xrdef{PLLIST-pg}{55} @xrdef{ARITY-pg}{55} @xrdef{NODES-title}{nodes} @xrdef{NODES-snt}{} @xrdef{WORKSPACE INSPECTION-title}{Workspace Inspection} @xrdef{WORKSPACE INSPECTION-snt}{Section@tie 7.6} @xrdef{PO-title}{po} @xrdef{PO-snt}{} @xrdef{POALL-title}{poall} @xrdef{POALL-snt}{} @xrdef{POPS-title}{pops} @xrdef{POPS-snt}{} @xrdef{PONS-title}{pons} @xrdef{PONS-snt}{} @xrdef{POPLS-title}{popls} @xrdef{POPLS-snt}{} @xrdef{NODES-pg}{56} @xrdef{WORKSPACE INSPECTION-pg}{56} @xrdef{PO-pg}{56} @xrdef{POALL-pg}{56} @xrdef{POPS-pg}{56} @xrdef{PONS-pg}{56} @xrdef{PON-title}{pon} @xrdef{PON-snt}{} @xrdef{POPL-title}{popl} @xrdef{POPL-snt}{} @xrdef{POT-title}{pot} @xrdef{POT-snt}{} @xrdef{POTS-title}{pots} @xrdef{POTS-snt}{} @xrdef{WORKSPACE CONTROL-title}{Workspace Control} @xrdef{WORKSPACE CONTROL-snt}{Section@tie 7.7} @xrdef{ERASE-title}{erase} @xrdef{ERASE-snt}{} @xrdef{POPLS-pg}{57} @xrdef{PON-pg}{57} @xrdef{POPL-pg}{57} @xrdef{POT-pg}{57} @xrdef{POTS-pg}{57} @xrdef{WORKSPACE CONTROL-pg}{57} @xrdef{ERASE-pg}{57} @xrdef{ERALL-title}{erall} @xrdef{ERALL-snt}{} @xrdef{ERPS-title}{erps} @xrdef{ERPS-snt}{} @xrdef{ERNS-title}{erns} @xrdef{ERNS-snt}{} @xrdef{ERPLS-title}{erpls} @xrdef{ERPLS-snt}{} @xrdef{ERN-title}{ern} @xrdef{ERN-snt}{} @xrdef{ERPL-title}{erpl} @xrdef{ERPL-snt}{} @xrdef{ERALL-pg}{58} @xrdef{ERPS-pg}{58} @xrdef{ERNS-pg}{58} @xrdef{ERPLS-pg}{58} @xrdef{ERN-pg}{58} @xrdef{ERPL-pg}{58} @xrdef{BURY-title}{bury} @xrdef{BURY-snt}{} @xrdef{BURYALL-title}{buryall} @xrdef{BURYALL-snt}{} @xrdef{BURYNAME-title}{buryname} @xrdef{BURYNAME-snt}{} @xrdef{UNBURY-title}{unbury} @xrdef{UNBURY-snt}{} @xrdef{UNBURYALL-title}{unburyall} @xrdef{UNBURYALL-snt}{} @xrdef{UNBURYNAME-title}{unburyname} @xrdef{UNBURYNAME-snt}{} @xrdef{BURIEDP-title}{buriedp} @xrdef{BURIEDP-snt}{} @xrdef{BURY-pg}{59} @xrdef{BURYALL-pg}{59} @xrdef{BURYNAME-pg}{59} @xrdef{UNBURY-pg}{59} @xrdef{UNBURYALL-pg}{59} @xrdef{UNBURYNAME-pg}{59} @xrdef{TRACE-title}{trace} @xrdef{TRACE-snt}{} @xrdef{UNTRACE-title}{untrace} @xrdef{UNTRACE-snt}{} @xrdef{TRACEDP-title}{tracedp} @xrdef{TRACEDP-snt}{} @xrdef{STEP-title}{step} @xrdef{STEP-snt}{} @xrdef{UNSTEP-title}{unstep} @xrdef{UNSTEP-snt}{} @xrdef{STEPPEDP-title}{steppedp} @xrdef{STEPPEDP-snt}{} @xrdef{BURIEDP-pg}{60} @xrdef{TRACE-pg}{60} @xrdef{UNTRACE-pg}{60} @xrdef{TRACEDP-pg}{60} @xrdef{STEP-pg}{60} @xrdef{UNSTEP-pg}{60} @xrdef{EDIT-title}{edit} @xrdef{EDIT-snt}{} @xrdef{EDITFILE-title}{editfile} @xrdef{EDITFILE-snt}{} @xrdef{STEPPEDP-pg}{61} @xrdef{EDIT-pg}{61} @xrdef{EDITFILE-pg}{61} @xrdef{EDALL-title}{edall} @xrdef{EDALL-snt}{} @xrdef{EDPS-title}{edps} @xrdef{EDPS-snt}{} @xrdef{EDNS-title}{edns} @xrdef{EDNS-snt}{} @xrdef{EDPLS-title}{edpls} @xrdef{EDPLS-snt}{} @xrdef{EDN-title}{edn} @xrdef{EDN-snt}{} @xrdef{EDPL-title}{edpl} @xrdef{EDPL-snt}{} @xrdef{SAVE-title}{save} @xrdef{SAVE-snt}{} @xrdef{EDALL-pg}{62} @xrdef{EDPS-pg}{62} @xrdef{EDNS-pg}{62} @xrdef{EDPLS-pg}{62} @xrdef{EDN-pg}{62} @xrdef{EDPL-pg}{62} @xrdef{SAVE-pg}{62} @xrdef{SAVEL-title}{savel} @xrdef{SAVEL-snt}{} @xrdef{LOAD-title}{load} @xrdef{LOAD-snt}{} @xrdef{CSLSLOAD-title}{cslsload} @xrdef{CSLSLOAD-snt}{} @xrdef{HELP-title}{help} @xrdef{HELP-snt}{} @xrdef{SAVEL-pg}{63} @xrdef{LOAD-pg}{63} @xrdef{CSLSLOAD-pg}{63} @xrdef{HELP-pg}{63} @xrdef{SETEDITOR-title}{seteditor} @xrdef{SETEDITOR-snt}{} @xrdef{SETLIBLOC-title}{setlibloc} @xrdef{SETLIBLOC-snt}{} @xrdef{SETCSLSLOC-title}{setcslsloc} @xrdef{SETCSLSLOC-snt}{} @xrdef{SETHELPLOC-title}{sethelploc} @xrdef{SETHELPLOC-snt}{} @xrdef{SETTEMPLOC-title}{settemploc} @xrdef{SETTEMPLOC-snt}{} @xrdef{GC-title}{gc} @xrdef{GC-snt}{} @xrdef{SETEDITOR-pg}{64} @xrdef{SETLIBLOC-pg}{64} @xrdef{SETCSLSLOC-pg}{64} @xrdef{SETHELPLOC-pg}{64} @xrdef{SETTEMPLOC-pg}{64} @xrdef{GC-pg}{64} @xrdef{.SETSEGMENTSIZE-title}{.setsegmentsize} @xrdef{.SETSEGMENTSIZE-snt}{} @xrdef{.SETSEGMENTSIZE-pg}{65} @xrdef{CONTROL STRUCTURES-title}{Control Structures} @xrdef{CONTROL STRUCTURES-snt}{Chapter@tie 8} @xrdef{CONTROL-title}{Control} @xrdef{CONTROL-snt}{Section@tie 8.1} @xrdef{RUN-title}{run} @xrdef{RUN-snt}{} @xrdef{RUNRESULT-title}{runresult} @xrdef{RUNRESULT-snt}{} @xrdef{REPEAT-title}{repeat} @xrdef{REPEAT-snt}{} @xrdef{FOREVER-title}{forever} @xrdef{FOREVER-snt}{} @xrdef{REPCOUNT-title}{repcount} @xrdef{REPCOUNT-snt}{} @xrdef{CONTROL STRUCTURES-pg}{67} @xrdef{CONTROL-pg}{67} @xrdef{RUN-pg}{67} @xrdef{RUNRESULT-pg}{67} @xrdef{REPEAT-pg}{67} @xrdef{FOREVER-pg}{67} @xrdef{IF-title}{if} @xrdef{IF-snt}{} @xrdef{IFELSE-title}{ifelse} @xrdef{IFELSE-snt}{} @xrdef{TEST-title}{test} @xrdef{TEST-snt}{} @xrdef{IFTRUE-title}{iftrue} @xrdef{IFTRUE-snt}{} @xrdef{IFFALSE-title}{iffalse} @xrdef{IFFALSE-snt}{} @xrdef{REPCOUNT-pg}{68} @xrdef{IF-pg}{68} @xrdef{IFELSE-pg}{68} @xrdef{TEST-pg}{68} @xrdef{IFTRUE-pg}{68} @xrdef{IFFALSE-pg}{68} @xrdef{STOP-title}{stop} @xrdef{STOP-snt}{} @xrdef{OUTPUT-title}{output} @xrdef{OUTPUT-snt}{} @xrdef{CATCH-title}{catch} @xrdef{CATCH-snt}{} @xrdef{THROW-title}{throw} @xrdef{THROW-snt}{} @xrdef{STOP-pg}{69} @xrdef{OUTPUT-pg}{69} @xrdef{CATCH-pg}{69} @xrdef{THROW-pg}{69} @xrdef{ERROR-title}{error} @xrdef{ERROR-snt}{} @xrdef{PAUSE-title}{pause} @xrdef{PAUSE-snt}{} @xrdef{CONTINUE-title}{continue} @xrdef{CONTINUE-snt}{} @xrdef{ERROR-pg}{70} @xrdef{PAUSE-pg}{70} @xrdef{CONTINUE-pg}{70} @xrdef{WAIT-title}{wait} @xrdef{WAIT-snt}{} @xrdef{BYE-title}{bye} @xrdef{BYE-snt}{} @xrdef{dMAYBEOUTPUT-title}{.maybeoutput} @xrdef{dMAYBEOUTPUT-snt}{} @xrdef{GOTO-title}{goto} @xrdef{GOTO-snt}{} @xrdef{TAG-title}{tag} @xrdef{TAG-snt}{} @xrdef{WAIT-pg}{71} @xrdef{BYE-pg}{71} @xrdef{dMAYBEOUTPUT-pg}{71} @xrdef{GOTO-pg}{71} @xrdef{IGNORE-title}{ignore} @xrdef{IGNORE-snt}{} @xrdef{back-quote-title}{`} @xrdef{back-quote-snt}{} @xrdef{FOR-title}{for} @xrdef{FOR-snt}{} @xrdef{TAG-pg}{72} @xrdef{IGNORE-pg}{72} @xrdef{back-quote-pg}{72} @xrdef{FOR-pg}{72} @xrdef{DOdWHILE-title}{do.while} @xrdef{DOdWHILE-snt}{} @xrdef{WHILE-title}{while} @xrdef{WHILE-snt}{} @xrdef{DOdUNTIL-title}{do.until} @xrdef{DOdUNTIL-snt}{} @xrdef{UNTIL-title}{until} @xrdef{UNTIL-snt}{} @xrdef{DOdWHILE-pg}{73} @xrdef{WHILE-pg}{73} @xrdef{DOdUNTIL-pg}{73} @xrdef{UNTIL-pg}{73} @xrdef{CASE-title}{case} @xrdef{CASE-snt}{} @xrdef{COND-title}{cond} @xrdef{COND-snt}{} @xrdef{TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION-title}{Template-based Iteration} @xrdef{TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION-snt}{Section@tie 8.2} @xrdef{CASE-pg}{74} @xrdef{COND-pg}{74} @xrdef{TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION-pg}{74} @xrdef{APPLY-title}{apply} @xrdef{APPLY-snt}{} @xrdef{INVOKE-title}{invoke} @xrdef{INVOKE-snt}{} @xrdef{FOREACH-title}{foreach} @xrdef{FOREACH-snt}{} @xrdef{APPLY-pg}{76} @xrdef{INVOKE-pg}{76} @xrdef{FOREACH-pg}{76} @xrdef{MAP-title}{map} @xrdef{MAP-snt}{} @xrdef{MAPdSE-title}{map.se} @xrdef{MAPdSE-snt}{} @xrdef{MAP-pg}{77} @xrdef{MAPdSE-pg}{77} @xrdef{FILTER-title}{filter} @xrdef{FILTER-snt}{} @xrdef{FIND-title}{find} @xrdef{FIND-snt}{} @xrdef{REDUCE-title}{reduce} @xrdef{REDUCE-snt}{} @xrdef{FILTER-pg}{78} @xrdef{FIND-pg}{78} @xrdef{REDUCE-pg}{78} @xrdef{CROSSMAP-title}{crossmap} @xrdef{CROSSMAP-snt}{} @xrdef{CASCADE-title}{cascade} @xrdef{CASCADE-snt}{} @xrdef{CROSSMAP-pg}{79} @xrdef{CASCADE-pg}{79} @xrdef{CASCADEd2-title}{cascade.2} @xrdef{CASCADEd2-snt}{} @xrdef{TRANSFER-title}{transfer} @xrdef{TRANSFER-snt}{} @xrdef{CASCADEd2-pg}{81} @xrdef{TRANSFER-pg}{81} @xrdef{MACROS-title}{Macros} @xrdef{MACROS-snt}{Chapter@tie 9} @xrdef{dMACRO-title}{.macro} @xrdef{dMACRO-snt}{} @xrdef{MACROS-pg}{83} @xrdef{dMACRO-pg}{83} @xrdef{dDEFMACRO-title}{.defmacro} @xrdef{dDEFMACRO-snt}{} @xrdef{MACROP-title}{macrop} @xrdef{MACROP-snt}{} @xrdef{MACROEXPAND-title}{macroexpand} @xrdef{MACROEXPAND-snt}{} @xrdef{dDEFMACRO-pg}{85} @xrdef{MACROP-pg}{85} @xrdef{MACROEXPAND-pg}{85} @xrdef{ERROR PROCESSING-title}{Error Processing} @xrdef{ERROR PROCESSING-snt}{Chapter@tie 10} @xrdef{ERROR CODES-title}{Error Codes} @xrdef{ERROR CODES-snt}{Section@tie 10.1} @xrdef{ERROR PROCESSING-pg}{87} @xrdef{ERROR CODES-pg}{87} @xrdef{SPECIAL VARIABLES-title}{Special Variables} @xrdef{SPECIAL VARIABLES-snt}{Chapter@tie 11} @xrdef{ALLOWGETSET-title}{allowgetset} @xrdef{ALLOWGETSET-snt}{} @xrdef{BUTTONACT-title}{buttonact} @xrdef{BUTTONACT-snt}{} @xrdef{CASEIGNOREDP-title}{caseignoredp} @xrdef{CASEIGNOREDP-snt}{} @xrdef{COMMANDLINE-title}{commandline} @xrdef{COMMANDLINE-snt}{} @xrdef{ERRACT-title}{erract} @xrdef{ERRACT-snt}{} @xrdef{SPECIAL VARIABLES-pg}{89} @xrdef{ALLOWGETSET-pg}{89} @xrdef{BUTTONACT-pg}{89} @xrdef{CASEIGNOREDP-pg}{89} @xrdef{COMMANDLINE-pg}{89} @xrdef{ERRACT-pg}{89} @xrdef{FULLPRINTP-title}{fullprintp} @xrdef{FULLPRINTP-snt}{} @xrdef{KEYACT-title}{keyact} @xrdef{KEYACT-snt}{} @xrdef{LOADNOISILY-title}{loadnoisily} @xrdef{LOADNOISILY-snt}{} @xrdef{PRINTDEPTHLIMIT-title}{printdepthlimit} @xrdef{PRINTDEPTHLIMIT-snt}{} @xrdef{PRINTWIDTHLIMIT-title}{printwidthlimit} @xrdef{PRINTWIDTHLIMIT-snt}{} @xrdef{FULLPRINTP-pg}{90} @xrdef{KEYACT-pg}{90} @xrdef{LOADNOISILY-pg}{90} @xrdef{PRINTDEPTHLIMIT-pg}{90} @xrdef{PRINTWIDTHLIMIT-pg}{90} @xrdef{REDEFP-title}{redefp} @xrdef{REDEFP-snt}{} @xrdef{STARTUP-title}{startup} @xrdef{STARTUP-snt}{} @xrdef{UNBURYONEDIT-title}{unburyonedit} @xrdef{UNBURYONEDIT-snt}{} @xrdef{USEALTERNATENAMES-title}{usealternatenames} @xrdef{USEALTERNATENAMES-snt}{} @xrdef{LOGOVERSION-title}{logoversion} @xrdef{LOGOVERSION-snt}{} @xrdef{LOGOPLATFORM-title}{logoplatform} @xrdef{LOGOPLATFORM-snt}{} @xrdef{REDEFP-pg}{91} @xrdef{STARTUP-pg}{91} @xrdef{UNBURYONEDIT-pg}{91} @xrdef{USEALTERNATENAMES-pg}{91} @xrdef{LOGOVERSION-pg}{91} @xrdef{LOGOPLATFORM-pg}{91} @xrdef{INTERNATIONALIZATION-title}{Internationalization} @xrdef{INTERNATIONALIZATION-snt}{Chapter@tie 12} @xrdef{INTERNATIONALIZATION-pg}{93} @xrdef{INDEX-title}{INDEX} @xrdef{INDEX-snt}{} @xrdef{INDEX-pg}{97} ucblogo-6.1/docs/logo.10000664000175000017500000000046713575571772013116 0ustar jjcjjc.TH LOGO 1 .SH NAME logo, logo-wx \- start the Logo Programming Language interpreter .SH SYNOPSIS .B logo [\fIfile\fR] .SH DESCRIPTION .B logo begins running the logo programming language interperter. If a file is provided, it will run those commands first. The full manual is available as .PP .B info ucblogo ucblogo-6.1/docs/usermanual.texi0000664000175000017500000067420013601420003015107 0ustar jjcjjc\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @c %**start of header @setfilename ucblogo.info @settitle BERKELEY LOGO 6.1 @setchapternewpage odd @c %**end of header @iftex @vsize = 8.9 in @parskip = 7 pt @parindent = 0 pt @hyphenation{set-scrunch set-write-pos} @end iftex @ifinfo @paragraphindent 0 @end ifinfo @finalout @titlepage @title BERKELEY LOGO 6.1 @subtitle Berkeley Logo User Manual @author Brian Harvey @end titlepage @shortcontents @contents @c Node, Next, Previous, Up @node Top, INTRODUCTION, (dir), (dir) @ifinfo This is a TeXinfo version of Berkeley Logo User Manual Original written by: Brian Harvey @end ifinfo @menu * INTRODUCTION:: * DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES:: * COMMUNICATION:: * ARITHMETIC:: * LOGICAL OPERATIONS:: * GRAPHICS:: * WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT:: * CONTROL STRUCTURES:: * MACROS:: * ERROR PROCESSING:: * SPECIAL VARIABLES:: * INTERNATIONALIZATION:: * INDEX:: @end menu @c Node, Next, Previous, Up @node INTRODUCTION, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, Top, Top @chapter Introduction @menu * OVERVIEW:: * GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX:: * ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO:: * TOKENIZATION:: @end menu @c Node, Next, Previous, Up @node OVERVIEW, GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX, INTRODUCTION, INTRODUCTION @section Overview @cindex Copyright @cindex Computer_Science_Logo_Style Copyright @copyright{} 1993 by the Regents of the University of California This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but @var{WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY}; without even the implied warranty of @var{MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE}. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see . This is a program that is still being written. Many things are missing, including adequate documentation. This manual assumes that you already know how to program in Logo, and merely presents the details of this new implementation. Read @cite{Computer Science Logo Style, Volume 1: Symbolic Computing} by Brian Harvey (MIT Press, 1997) for a tutorial on Logo programming with emphasis on symbolic computation. Here are the special features of this dialect of Logo: @display Source file compatible among Unix, DOS, Windows, and Mac platforms. Random-access arrays. Variable number of inputs to user-defined procedures. Mutators for list structure (dangerous). Pause on error, and other improvements to error handling. Comments and continuation lines; formatting is preserved when procedure definitions are saved or edited. Terrapin-style tokenization (e.g., [2+3] is a list with one member) but LCSI-style syntax (no special forms except TO). The best of both worlds. First-class instruction and expression templates (see APPLY). Macros. @end display Features @strong{not} found in Berkeley Logo include robotics, music, animation, parallelism, and multimedia. For those, buy a commercial version. @node GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX, ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO, OVERVIEW, INTRODUCTION @comment node-name, next, previous, up @section Getter/Setter Variable Syntax @cindex getter @cindex setter Logo distinguishes @var{procedures} from @var{variables}. A procedure is a set of instructions to carry out some computation; a variable is a named container that holds a data value such as a number, word, list, or array. In traditional Logo syntax, a non-numeric word typed without punctuation represents a request to invoke the procedure named by that word. A word typed with a preceding quotation mark represents the word itself. For example, in the instruction @example PRINT FIRST "WORD @end example the procedures named @code{FIRST} and @code{PRINT} are invoked, but the procedure named @var{WORD} is not invoked; the word @var{W-O-R-D} is the input to FIRST. What about variables? There are two things one can do with a variable: give it a value, and find out its value. To give a variable a value, Logo provides the primitive procedure @code{MAKE}, which requires two inputs: the name of the variable and the new value to be assigned. The first input, the name of the variable, is just a word, and if (as is almost always the case) the programmer wants to assign a value to a specific variable whose name is known in advance, that input is quoted, just as any known specific word would be: @example MAKE "MY.VAR FIRST "WORD @end example gives the variable named @code{MY.VAR} the value @code{W} (the first letter of @code{WORD}). To find the value of a variable, Logo provides the primitive procedure @code{THING}, which takes a variable name as its input, and outputs the value of the accessible variable with that name. Thus @example PRINT THING "MY.VAR @end example will print @code{W} (supposing the @code{MAKE} above has been done). Since finding the value of a specific, known variable name is such a common operation, Logo also provides an abbreviated notation that combines @code{THING} with quote: @example PRINT :MY.VAR @end example The colon (which Logo old-timers pronounce "dots") replaces @code{THING} and @code{"} in the earlier version of the instruction. Newcomers to Logo often complain about the need for all this punctuation. In particular, Logo programmers who learned about dots and quotes without also learning about @code{THING} wonder why an instruction such as @example MAKE "NEW.VAR :OLD.VAR @end example uses two different punctuation marks to identify the two variables. (Having read the paragraphs above, you will understand that actually both variable names are quoted, but the procedure @code{THING} is invoked to find the value of @code{OLD.VAR}, since it's that value, not @code{OLD.VAR}'s name, that @code{MAKE} needs to know. It wouldn't make sense to ask for @code{THING} of @code{NEW.VAR}, since we haven't given @code{NEW.VAR} a value yet.) Although Logo's punctuation rules make sense once understood, they do form a barrier to entry for the Logo beginner. Why, then, couldn't Logo be designed so that an unpunctuated word would represent a procedure if there is a procedure by that name, or a variable if there is a variable by that name? Then we could say @example PRINT MY.VAR @end example and Logo would realize that @code{MY.VAR} is the name of a variable, not of a procedure. The traditional reason not to use this convention is that Logo allows the same word to name a procedure and a variable at the same time. This is most often important for words that name data types, as in the following procedure: @example TO PLURAL :WORD OUTPUT WORD :WORD "S END @end example Here the name @code{WORD} is a natural choice for the input to @code{PLURAL}, since it describes the kind of input that @code{PLURAL} expects. Within the procedure, we use @code{WORD} to represent Logo's primitive procedure that combines two input words to form a new, longer word; we use @code{:WORD} to represent the variable containing the input, whatever actual word is given when @code{PLURAL} is invoked. @example ? PRINT PLURAL "COMPUTER COMPUTERS @end example However, if a Logo instruction includes an unquoted word that is @strong{not} the name of a procedure, Logo could look for a variable of that name instead. This would allow a "punctuationless" Logo, @strong{provided that users who want to work without colons for variables choose variable names that are not also procedure names.} What about assigning a value to a variable? Could we do without the quotation mark on @code{MAKE}'s first input? Alas, no. Although the first input to @code{MAKE} is @strong{usually} a constant, known variable name, sometimes it isn't, as in this example: @example TO INCREMENT :VAR MAKE :VAR (THING :VAR)+1 ; Note: it's not "VAR here! END ? MAKE "X 5 ? INCREMENT "X ? PRINT :X 6 @end example The procedure @code{INCREMENT} takes a variable name as its input and changes the value of that variable. In this example there are two variables; the variable whose name is @code{VAR}, and whose value is the word @code{X}; and the variable whose name is @code{X} and whose value changes from 5 to 6. Suppose we changed the behavior of @code{MAKE} so that it took the word after @code{MAKE} as the name of the variable to change; we would be unable to write @code{INCREMENT}: @example TO INCREMENT :VAR ; nonworking! MAKE VAR (THING VAR)+1 END @end example This would assign a new value to @code{VAR}, not to @code{X}. What we can do is to allow an @strong{alternative} to @code{MAKE}, a "setter" procedure for a particular variable. The notation will be @example ? SETFOO 7 ? PRINT FOO 7 @end example @code{SETFOO} is a "setter procedure" that takes one input (in this case the input 7) and assigns its value to the variable named @code{FOO}. Berkeley Logo allows users to choose either the traditional notation, in which case the same name can be used both for a procedure and for a variable, or the getter/setter notation, in which variable @code{FOO} is set with @code{SETFOO} and examined with @code{FOO}, but the same name can't be used for procedure and variable. Here is how this choice is allowed: Berkeley Logo uses traditional notation, with procedures distinct from variables. However, if there is a variable named @code{AllowGetSet} whose value is TRUE (which there is, by default, when Logo starts up), then if a Logo instruction refers to a @strong{nonexistent} procedure (so that the error message "I don't know how to ..." would result), Logo tries the following two steps: @cindex AllowGetSet @display 1. If the name is at least four characters long, and the first three characters are the letters @code{SET} (upper or lower case), and if the name is followed in the instruction by another value, and if the name without the @code{SET} is the name of a variable that already exists, then Logo will invoke @code{MAKE} with its first input being the name without the @code{SET}, and its second input being the following value. 2. If step 1's conditions are not met, but the name is the name of an accessible variable, then Logo will invoke @code{THING} with that name as input, to find the variable's value. @end display Step 1 requires that the variable already exist so that misspellings of names of @code{SETxxx} primitives (e.g., @code{SETHEADING}) will still be caught, instead of silently creating a new variable. The command @code{GLOBAL} can be used to create a variable without giving it a value. One final point: The @code{TO} command in Logo has always been a special case; the rest of the line starting with @code{TO} is not evaluated as ordinary Logo expressions are. In particular, the colons used to mark the names of inputs to the procedure do not cause @code{THING} to be invoked. They are merely mnemonic aids, reminding the Logo user that these words are names of variables. (Arguably, this nonstantard behavior of @code{TO} adds to Logo beginners' confusion about colons.) To a programmer using colonless variable references, the colons in the @code{TO} line are unnecessary and meaningless. Berkeley Logo therefore makes the colons optional: @example TO FOO :IN1 :IN2 @end example and @example TO FOO IN1 IN2 @end example are both allowed. @node ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO, TOKENIZATION, GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX, INTRODUCTION @section Entering and Leaving Logo @cindex starting @t{ucblogo} @cindex leaving @t{ucblogo} The process to start Logo depends on your operating system: @table @asis @item Unix: Type the word @t{logo} to the shell. (The directory in which you've installed Logo must be in your path.) @item DOS: Change directories to the one containing Logo (probably @code{C:\UCBLOGO}). Then type @t{UCBLOGO} for the large memory version, or @t{BL} for the 640K version. @item Mac: Double-click on the @code{LOGO} icon within the "UCB Logo" folder. @item Windows: Double-click on the @code{UCBWLOGO} icon in the @code{UCBLOGO} folder. @end table To leave Logo, enter the command @code{bye}. On startup, Logo looks for a file named @file{startup.lg} in the system Logo library and, if found, loads it. Then it looks for @file{startup.lg} in the user's home directory, or the current directory, depending on the operating system, and loads that. These startup files can be used to predefine procedures, e.g., to provide non-English names for primitive procedures. Under Unix, DOS, or Windows, if you include one or more filenames on the command line when starting Logo, those files will be loaded before the interpreter starts reading commands from your terminal. If you load a file that executes some program that includes a @code{bye} command, Logo will run that program and exit. You can therefore write standalone programs in Logo and run them with shell/batch scripts. To support this technique, Logo does not print its usual welcoming and parting messages if you give file arguments to the logo command. If a command line argument is just a hyphen, then all command line arguments after the hyphen are not taken as filenames, but are instead collected in a list, one word per argument; the buried variable @code{COMMAND.LINE} contains that list of arguments, or the empty list if there are none. On my Linux system, if the first line of an executable shell script is @w{@t{#!/usr/local/bin/logo -}} (note the hyphen) then the script can be given command line arguments and they all end up in @code{:COMMAND.LINE} along with the script's path. Experiment. If you type your interrupt character (see table below) Logo will stop what it's doing and return to top-level, as if you did @w{@t{THROW "TOPLEVEL}}. If you type your quit character Logo will pause as if you did @code{PAUSE}. @example wxWidgets Unix DOS/Windows Mac Classic toplevel alt-S usually ctrl-C ctrl-Q command-. (period) pause alt-P usually ctrl-\ ctrl-W command-, (comma) @end example If you have an environment variable called @code{LOGOLIB} whose value is the name of a directory, then Logo will use that directory instead of the default library. If you invoke a procedure that has not been defined, Logo first looks for a file in the current directory named @file{@var{proc}.lg} where @var{proc} is the procedure name in lower case letters. If such a file exists, Logo loads that file. If the missing procedure is still undefined, or if there is no such file, Logo then looks in the library directory for a file named @file{@var{proc}} (no @file{.lg}) and, if it exists, loads it. If neither file contains a definition for the procedure, then Logo signals an error. Several procedures that are primitive in most versions of Logo are included in the default library, so if you use a different library you may want to include some or all of the default library in it. @node TOKENIZATION, , ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO, INTRODUCTION @section Tokenization Names of procedures, variables, and property lists are case-insensitive. So are the special words @code{END}, @code{TRUE}, and @code{FALSE}. Case of letters is preserved in everything you type, however. @cindex case-insensitive @cindex delimiters @cindex runparsing @cindex line-continuation @cindex comments Within square brackets, words are delimited only by spaces and square brackets. @code{[2+3]} is a list containing one word. Note, however, that the Logo primitives that interpret such a list as a Logo instruction or expression (@code{RUN}, @code{IF}, etc.) reparse the list as if it had not been typed inside brackets. After a quotation mark outside square brackets, a word is delimited by a space, a square bracket, or a parenthesis. A word not after a quotation mark or inside square brackets is delimited by a space, a bracket, a parenthesis, or an infix operator @code{+-*/=<>}. Note that words following colons are in this category. Note that quote and colon are not delimiters. Each infix operator character is a word in itself, except that the two-character sequences @code{<=}, @code{>=}, and @code{<>} (the latter meaning not-equal) with no intervening space are recognized as a single word. A word consisting of a question mark followed by a number (e.g., @code{?37}), when runparsed (i.e., where a procedure name is expected), is treated as if it were the sequence @example ( ? 37 ) @end example making the number an input to the ? procedure. (See the discussion of templates, below.) This special treatment does not apply to words read as data, to words with a non-number following the question mark, or if the question mark is backslashed. A line (an instruction line or one read by @code{READLIST} or @code{READWORD}) can be continued onto the following line if its last character is a tilde (@code{~}). @code{READWORD} preserves the tilde and the newline; @code{READLIST} does not. Lines read with @code{READRAWLINE} are never continued. An instruction line or a line read by @code{READLIST} (but not by @code{READWORD}) is automatically continued to the next line, as if ended with a tilde, if there are unmatched brackets, parentheses, braces, or vertical bars pending. However, it's an error if the continuation line contains only the word @code{END}; this is to prevent runaway procedure definitions. Lines explicitly continued with a tilde avoid this restriction. If a line being typed interactively on the keyboard is continued, either with a tilde or automatically, Logo will display a tilde as a prompt character for the continuation line. A semicolon begins a comment in an instruction line. Logo ignores characters from the semicolon to the end of the line. A tilde as the last character still indicates a continuation line, but not a continuation of the comment. For example, typing the instruction @example print "abc;comment ~ def @end example will print the word @code{abcdef}. Semicolon has no special meaning in data lines read by @code{READWORD} or @code{READLIST}, but such a line can later be reparsed using @code{RUNPARSE} and then comments will be recognized. The two-character sequence @code{#!}@: at the beginning of a line also starts a comment. Unix users can therefore write a file containing Logo commands, starting with the line @example #! /usr/local/bin/logo @end example (or wherever your Logo executable lives) and the file will be executable directly from the shell. To include an otherwise delimiting character (including semicolon or tilde) in a word, precede it with backslash (@code{\}). If the last character of a line is a backslash, then the newline character following the backslash will be part of the last word on the line, and the line continues onto the following line. To include a backslash in a word, use @code{\\}. If the combination backslash-newline is entered at the terminal, Logo will issue a backslash as a prompt character for the continuation line. All of this applies to data lines read with @code{READWORD} or @code{READLIST} as well as to instruction lines. A line read with @code{READRAWLINE} has no special quoting mechanism; both backslash and vertical bar (described below) are just ordinary characters. An alternative notation to include otherwise delimiting characters in words is to enclose a group of characters in vertical bars. All characters between vertical bars are treated as if they were letters. In data read with @code{READWORD} the vertical bars are preserved in the resulting word. In data read with @code{READLIST} (or resulting from a @code{PARSE} or @code{RUNPARSE} of a word) the vertical bars do not appear explicitly; all potentially delimiting characters (including spaces, brackets, parentheses, and infix operators) appear unmarked, but tokenized as though they were letters. Within vertical bars, backslash may still be used; the only characters that must be backslashed in this context are backslash and vertical bar themselves. Characters entered between vertical bars are forever special, even if the word or list containing them is later reparsed with @code{PARSE} or @code{RUNPARSE}. Characters typed after a backslash are treated somewhat differently: When a quoted word containing a backslashed character is runparsed, the backslashed character loses its special quality and acts thereafter as if typed normally. This distinction is important only if you are building a Logo expression out of parts, to be @code{RUN} later, and want to use parentheses. For example, @example PRINT RUN (SE "\( 2 "+ 3 "\)) @end example will print 5, but @example RUN (SE "MAKE ""|(| 2) @end example will create a variable whose name is open-parenthesis. (Each example would fail if vertical bars and backslashes were interchanged.) A normally delimiting character entered within vertical bars is @code{EQUALP} to the same character without the vertical bars, but can be distinguished by the @code{VBARREDP} predicate. (However, @code{VBARREDP} returns @code{TRUE} only for characters for which special treatment is necessary: whitespace, parentheses, brackets, infix operators, backslash, vertical bar, tilde, quote, question mark, colon, and semicolon.) @node DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, COMMUNICATION, INTRODUCTION, Top @chapter Data Structure Primitives @menu * CONSTRUCTORS:: * SELECTORS:: * MUTATORS:: * PREDICATES:: * QUERIES:: @end menu @node CONSTRUCTORS, SELECTORS, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES @section Constructors @menu * WORD:: * LIST:: * SENTENCE:: * FPUT:: * LPUT:: * ARRAY:: * MDARRAY:: * LISTTOARRAY:: * ARRAYTOLIST:: * COMBINE:: * REVERSE:: * GENSYM:: @end menu @node WORD, LIST, CONSTRUCTORS, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec word @cindex word @example WORD word1 word2 (WORD word1 word2 word3 ...) @end example outputs a word formed by concatenating its inputs. @node LIST, SENTENCE, WORD, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec list @cindex list @example LIST thing1 thing2 (LIST thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) @end example outputs a list whose members are its inputs, which can be any Logo datum (word, list, or array). @node SENTENCE, FPUT, LIST, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec sentence @cindex sentence @cindex se @example SENTENCE thing1 thing2 SE thing1 thing2 (SENTENCE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) (SE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...) @end example outputs a list whose members are its inputs, if those inputs are not lists, or the members of its inputs, if those inputs are lists. @node FPUT, LPUT, SENTENCE, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec fput @cindex fput @example FPUT thing list @end example outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the first input, at the beginning. If the second input is a word, then the first input must be a one-letter word, and FPUT is equivalent to WORD. @node LPUT, ARRAY, FPUT, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec lput @cindex lput @example LPUT thing list @end example outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the first input, at the end. If the second input is a word, then the first input must be a one-letter word, and LPUT is equivalent to WORD with its inputs in the other order. @node ARRAY, MDARRAY, LPUT, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec array @cindex array @example ARRAY size (ARRAY size origin) @end example outputs an array of @var{size} members (must be a positive integer), each of which initially is an empty list. Array members can be selected with @code{ITEM} and changed with @code{SETITEM}. The first member of the array is member number 1 unless an @var{origin} input (must be an integer) is given, in which case the first member of the array has that number as its index. (Typically 0 is used as the origin if anything.) Arrays are printed by @code{PRINT} and friends, and can be typed in, inside curly braces; indicate an origin with @w{@t{@{a b c@}@@0}}. @xref{ITEM} , @ref{SETITEM} , @ref{PRINT} . @node MDARRAY, LISTTOARRAY, ARRAY, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec mdarray @cindex mdarray @example MDARRAY sizelist (library procedure) (MDARRAY sizelist origin) @end example outputs a multi-dimensional array. The first input must be a list of one or more positive integers. The second input, if present, must be a single integer that applies to every dimension of the array. Ex: @w{@t{(MDARRAY [3 5] 0)}} outputs a two-dimensional array whose members range from @w{@t{[0 0]}} to @w{@t{[2 4]}}. @node LISTTOARRAY, ARRAYTOLIST, MDARRAY, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec listtoarray @cindex listtoarray @example LISTTOARRAY list (LISTTOARRAY list origin) @end example outputs an array of the same size as the input list, whose members are the members of the input list. @node ARRAYTOLIST, COMBINE, LISTTOARRAY, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec arraytolist @cindex arraytolist @example ARRAYTOLIST array @end example outputs a list whose members are the members of the input array. The first member of the output is the first member of the array, regardless of the array's origin. @node COMBINE, REVERSE, ARRAYTOLIST, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec combine @cindex combine @example COMBINE thing1 thing2 (library procedure) @end example if @var{thing2} is a word, outputs @w{@t{WORD thing1 thing2}}. If @var{thing2} is a list, outputs @w{@t{FPUT thing1 thing2}}. @xref{WORD} , @ref{FPUT} @node REVERSE, GENSYM, COMBINE, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec reverse @cindex reverse @example REVERSE list (library procedure) @end example outputs a list whose members are the members of the input list, in reverse order. @node GENSYM, , REVERSE, CONSTRUCTORS @unnumberedsubsec gensym @cindex gensym @example GENSYM (library procedure) @end example outputs a unique word each time it's invoked. The words are of the form @code{G1}, @code{G2}, etc. @node SELECTORS, MUTATORS, CONSTRUCTORS, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES @section Data Selectors @menu * FIRST:: * FIRSTS:: * LAST:: * BUTFIRST:: * BUTFIRSTS:: * BUTLAST:: * ITEM:: * MDITEM:: * PICK:: * REMOVE:: * REMDUP:: * QUOTED:: @end menu @node FIRST, FIRSTS, SELECTORS, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec first @cindex first @example FIRST thing @end example if the input is a word, outputs the first character of the word. If the input is a list, outputs the first member of the list. If the input is an array, outputs the origin of the array (that is, the @emph{index of} the first member of the array). @node FIRSTS, LAST, FIRST, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec firsts @cindex firsts @example FIRSTS list @end example outputs a list containing the @code{FIRST} of each member of the input list. It is an error if any member of the input list is empty. (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.) This could be written as @example to firsts :list output map "first :list end @end example but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools @code{MAP}, @code{MAP.SE}, and @code{FOREACH}. @example to transpose :matrix if emptyp first :matrix [op []] op fput firsts :matrix transpose bfs :matrix end @end example @xref{MAP} , @ref{MAPdSE} , @ref{FOREACH} @node LAST, BUTFIRST, FIRSTS, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec last @cindex last @example LAST wordorlist @end example if the input is a word, outputs the last character of the word. If the input is a list, outputs the last member of the list. @node BUTFIRST, BUTFIRSTS, LAST, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec butfirst @cindex butfirst @cindex bf @example BUTFIRST wordorlist BF wordorlist @end example if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the first character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the first member of the input. @node BUTFIRSTS, BUTLAST, BUTFIRST, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec butfirsts @cindex butfirsts @cindex bfs @example BUTFIRSTS list BFS list @end example outputs a list containing the @code{BUTFIRST} of each member of the input list. It is an error if any member of the input list is empty or an array. (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.) This could be written as @example to butfirsts :list output map "butfirst :list end @end example but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools @code{MAP}, @code{MAP.SE}, and @code{FOREACH}. @xref{MAP} , @ref{MAPdSE} , @ref{FOREACH} @node BUTLAST, ITEM, BUTFIRSTS, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec butlast @cindex butlast @cindex bl @example BUTLAST wordorlist BL wordorlist @end example if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the last character of the input. If the input is a list, outputs a list containing all but the last member of the input. @node ITEM, MDITEM, BUTLAST, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec item @cindex item @example ITEM index thing @end example if the @var{thing} is a word, outputs the @var{index}th character of the word. If the @var{thing} is a list, outputs the @var{index}th member of the list. If the @var{thing} is an array, outputs the @var{index}th member of the array. @var{Index} starts at 1 for words and lists; the starting index of an array is specified when the array is created. @node MDITEM, PICK, ITEM, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec mditem @cindex mditem @example MDITEM indexlist array (library procedure) @end example outputs the member of the multidimensional @var{array} selected by the list of numbers @var{indexlist}. @node PICK, REMOVE, MDITEM, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec pick @cindex pick @example PICK list (library procedure) @end example outputs a randomly chosen member of the input list. @node REMOVE, REMDUP, PICK, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec remove @cindex remove @example REMOVE thing list (library procedure) @end example outputs a copy of @var{list} with every member equal to @var{thing} removed. @node REMDUP, QUOTED, REMOVE, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec remdup @cindex remdup @example REMDUP list (library procedure) @end example outputs a copy of @var{list} with duplicate members removed. If two or more members of the input are equal, the rightmost of those members is the one that remains in the output. @node QUOTED, , REMDUP, SELECTORS @unnumberedsubsec quoted @cindex quoted @example QUOTED thing (library procedure) @end example outputs its input, if a list; outputs its input with a quotation mark prepended, if a word. @node MUTATORS, PREDICATES, SELECTORS, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES @section Data Mutators @menu * SETITEM:: * MDSETITEM:: * dSETFIRST:: SETFIRST * dSETBF:: SETBF * dSETITEM:: SETITEM * PUSH:: * POP:: * QUEUE:: * DEQUEUE:: @end menu @node SETITEM, MDSETITEM, MUTATORS, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec setitem @cindex setitem @example SETITEM index array value @end example command. Replaces the @var{index}th member of @var{array} with the new @var{value}. Ensures that the resulting array is not circular, i.e., @var{value} may not be a list or array that contains @var{array}. @node MDSETITEM, dSETFIRST, SETITEM, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec mdsetitem @cindex mdsetitem @example MDSETITEM indexlist array value (library procedure) @end example command. Replaces the member of @var{array} chosen by @var{indexlist} with the new @var{value}. @node dSETFIRST, dSETBF, MDSETITEM, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec .setfirst @cindex .setfirst @example .SETFIRST list value @end example command. Changes the first member of @var{list} to be @var{value}. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are @strong{dangerous}. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of @code{.SETFIRST} can lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops, and to unexpected changes to other data structures that share storage with the list being modified. @node dSETBF, dSETITEM, dSETFIRST, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec .setbf @cindex .setbf @example .SETBF list value @end example command. Changes the butfirst of @var{list} to be @var{value}. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are @strong{dangerous}. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of @code{.SETBF} can lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops; unexpected changes to other data structures that share storage with the list being modified; or to Logo crashes and coredumps if the butfirst of a list is not itself a list. @node dSETITEM, PUSH, dSETBF, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec .setitem @cindex .setitem @example .SETITEM index array value @end example command. Changes the @var{index}th member of @var{array} to be @var{value}, like @code{SETITEM}, but without checking for circularity. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are @b{dangerous}. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of @code{.SETITEM} can lead to circular arrays, which will get some Logo primitives into infinite loops. @xref{SETITEM}. @node PUSH, POP, dSETITEM, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec push @cindex push @example PUSH stackname thing (library procedure) @end example command. Adds the @var{thing} to the stack that is the value of the variable whose name is @var{stackname}. This variable must have a list as its value; the initial value should be the empty list. New members are added at the front of the list. @node POP, QUEUE, PUSH, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec pop @cindex pop @example POP stackname (library procedure) @end example outputs the most recently @code{PUSH}ed member of the stack that is the value of the variable whose name is @var{stackname} and removes that member from the stack. @node QUEUE, DEQUEUE, POP, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec queue @cindex queue @example QUEUE queuename thing (library procedure) @end example command. Adds the @var{thing} to the queue that is the value of the variable whose name is @var{queuename}. This variable must have a list as its value; the initial value should be the empty list. New members are added at the back of the list. @node DEQUEUE, , QUEUE, MUTATORS @unnumberedsubsec dequeue @cindex dequeue @example DEQUEUE queuename (library procedure) @end example outputs the least recently @code{QUEUE}d member of the queue that is the value of the variable whose name is @var{queuename} and removes that member from the queue. @node PREDICATES, QUERIES, MUTATORS, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES @section Predicates @menu * WORDP:: * LISTP:: * ARRAYP:: * EMPTYP:: * EQUALP:: * NOTEQUALP:: * BEFOREP:: * dEQ:: EQ * MEMBERP:: * SUBSTRINGP:: * NUMBERP:: * VBARREDP:: @end menu @node WORDP, LISTP, PREDICATES, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec wordp @cindex wordp @example WORDP thing WORD? thing @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is a word, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @node LISTP, ARRAYP, WORDP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec listp @cindex listp @cindex list? @example LISTP thing LIST? thing @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is a list, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @node ARRAYP, EMPTYP, LISTP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec arrayp @cindex arrayp @cindex array? @example ARRAYP thing ARRAY? thing @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is an array, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @node EMPTYP, EQUALP, ARRAYP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec emptyp @cindex emptyp @cindex empty? @example EMPTYP thing EMPTY? thing @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is the empty word or the empty list, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @node EQUALP, NOTEQUALP, EMPTYP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec equalp @cindex equalp @cindex equal? @cindex = @example EQUALP thing1 thing2 EQUAL? thing1 thing2 thing1 = thing2 @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the inputs are equal, @code{FALSE} otherwise. Two numbers are equal if they have the same numeric value. Two non-numeric words are equal if they contain the same characters in the same order. If there is a variable named @code{CASEIGNOREDP} whose value is @code{TRUE}, then an upper case letter is considered the same as the corresponding lower case letter. (This is the case by default.) Two lists are equal if their members are equal. An array is only equal to itself; two separately created arrays are never equal even if their members are equal. (It is important to be able to know if two expressions have the same array as their value because arrays are mutable; if, for example, two variables have the same array as their values then performing @code{SETITEM} on one of them will also change the other.) @xref{CASEIGNOREDP} , @ref{SETITEM} @node NOTEQUALP, BEFOREP, EQUALP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec notequalp @cindex notequalp @cindex notequal? @cindex <> @example NOTEQUALP thing1 thing2 NOTEQUAL? thing1 thing2 thing1 <> thing2 @end example outputs @code{FALSE} if the inputs are equal, @code{TRUE} otherwise. See @code{EQUALP} for the meaning of equality for different data types. @node BEFOREP, dEQ, NOTEQUALP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec beforep @cindex beforep @cindex before? @example BEFOREP word1 word2 BEFORE? word1 word2 @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if @var{word1} comes before @var{word2} in ASCII collating sequence (for words of letters, in alphabetical order). Case-sensitivity is determined by the value of @code{CASEIGNOREDP}. Note that if the inputs are numbers, the result may not be the same as with @code{LESSP}; for example, @w{@t{BEFOREP 3 12}} is false because 3 collates after 1. @xref{CASEIGNOREDP} , @ref{LESSP} @node dEQ, MEMBERP, BEFOREP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec .eq @cindex .eq @example .EQ thing1 thing2 @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if its two inputs are the same datum, so that applying a mutator to one will change the other as well. Outputs @code{FALSE} otherwise, even if the inputs are equal in value. WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are @strong{dangerous}. Their use by non-experts is not recommended. The use of mutators can lead to circular data structures, infinite loops, or Logo crashes. @node MEMBERP, SUBSTRINGP, dEQ, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec memberp @cindex memberp @cindex member? @example MEMBERP thing1 thing2 MEMBER? thing1 thing2 @end example if @var{thing2} is a list or an array, outputs @code{TRUE} if @var{thing1} is @code{EQUALP} to a member of @var{thing2}, @code{FALSE} otherwise. If @var{thing2} is a word, outputs @code{TRUE} if @var{thing1} is a one-character word @code{EQUALP} to a character of @var{thing2}, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @xref{EQUALP} . @node SUBSTRINGP, NUMBERP, MEMBERP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec substringp @cindex substringp @cindex substring? @example SUBSTRINGP thing1 thing2 SUBSTRING? thing1 thing2 @end example if @var{thing1} or @var{thing2} is a list or an array, outputs @code{FALSE}. If @var{thing2} is a word, outputs @code{TRUE} if @var{thing1} is @code{EQUALP} to a substring of @var{thing2}, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @xref{EQUALP} . @node NUMBERP, VBARREDP, SUBSTRINGP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec numberp @cindex numberp @cindex number? @example NUMBERP thing NUMBER? thing @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is a number, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @node VBARREDP, , NUMBERP, PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec vbarredp @cindex vbarredp @cindex vbarred? @example VBARREDP char VBARRED? char BACKSLASHEDP char (library procedure) BACKSLASHED? char (library procedure) @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input character was originally entered into Logo within vertical bars (|) to prevent its usual special syntactic meaning, @code{FALSE} otherwise. (Outputs @code{TRUE} only if the character is a backslashed space, tab, newline, or one of @code{()[]+-*/=<>":;\~?|} ) The names @code{BACKSLASHEDP} and @code{BACKSLASHED?}@: are included in the Logo library for backward compatibility with the former names of this primitive, although it does @emph{not} output @code{TRUE} for characters originally entered with backslashes. @node QUERIES, , PREDICATES, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES @section Queries @menu * COUNT:: * ASCII:: * RAWASCII:: * CHAR:: * MEMBER:: * LOWERCASE:: * UPPERCASE:: * STANDOUT:: * PARSE:: * RUNPARSE:: @end menu @node COUNT, ASCII, QUERIES, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec count @cindex count @example COUNT thing @end example outputs the number of characters in the input, if the input is a word; outputs the number of members in the input, if it is a list or an array. (For an array, this may or may not be the index of the last member, depending on the array's origin.) @node ASCII, RAWASCII, COUNT, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec ascii @cindex ascii @example ASCII char @end example outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input character in the ASCII code. Interprets control characters as representing vbarred punctuation, and returns the character code for the corresponding punctuation character without vertical bars. (Compare @code{RAWASCII}.) @node RAWASCII, CHAR, ASCII, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec rawascii @cindex rawascii @example RAWASCII char @end example outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input character in the ASCII code. Interprets control characters as representing themselves. To find out the ASCII code of an arbitrary keystroke, use @w{@t{RAWASCII RC}}. @node CHAR, MEMBER, RAWASCII, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec char @cindex char @example CHAR int @end example outputs the character represented in the ASCII code by the input, which must be an integer between 0 and 255. @xref{ASCII} . @node MEMBER, LOWERCASE, CHAR, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec member @cindex member @example MEMBER thing1 thing2 @end example if @var{thing2} is a word or list and if @code{MEMBERP} with these inputs would output @code{TRUE}, outputs the portion of @var{thing2} from the first instance of @var{thing1} to the end. If @code{MEMBERP} would output @code{FALSE}, outputs the empty word or list according to the type of @var{thing2}. It is an error for @var{thing2} to be an array. @xref{MEMBERP} . @node LOWERCASE, UPPERCASE, MEMBER, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec lowercase @cindex lowercase @example LOWERCASE word @end example outputs a copy of the input word, but with all uppercase letters changed to the corresponding lowercase letter. @node UPPERCASE, STANDOUT, LOWERCASE, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec uppercase @cindex uppercase @example UPPERCASE word @end example outputs a copy of the input word, but with all lowercase letters changed to the corresponding uppercase letter. @node STANDOUT, PARSE, UPPERCASE, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec standout @cindex standout @example STANDOUT thing @end example outputs a word that, when printed, will appear like the input but displayed in standout mode (boldface, reverse video, or whatever your version does for standout). The word contains machine-specific magic characters at the beginning and end; in between is the printed form (as if displayed using @code{TYPE}) of the input. The output is always a word, even if the input is of some other type, but it may include spaces and other formatting characters. Note: a word output by @code{STANDOUT} while Logo is running on one machine will probably not have the desired effect if printed on another type of machine. In the Macintosh classic version, the way that standout works is incompatible with the use of characters whose ASCII code is greater than 127. Therefore, you have a choice to make: The instruction @example CANINVERSE 0 @end example disables standout, but enables the display of ASCII codes above 127, and the instruction @example CANINVERSE 1 @end example restores the default situation in which standout is enabled and the extra graphic characters cannot be printed. @node PARSE, RUNPARSE, STANDOUT, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec parse @cindex parse @example PARSE word @end example outputs the list that would result if the input word were entered in response to a @code{READLIST} operation. That is, @w{@t{PARSE READWORD}} has the same value as @code{READLIST} for the same characters read. @xref{READLIST} , @ref{READWORD} @node RUNPARSE, , PARSE, QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec runparse @cindex runparse @example RUNPARSE wordorlist @end example outputs the list that would result if the input word or list were entered as an instruction line; characters such as infix operators and parentheses are separate members of the output. Note that sublists of a runparsed list are not themselves runparsed. @node COMMUNICATION, ARITHMETIC, DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES, Top @chapter Communication @menu * TRANSMITTERS:: * RECEIVERS:: * FILE ACCESS:: * TERMINAL ACCESS:: @end menu @node TRANSMITTERS, RECEIVERS, COMMUNICATION, COMMUNICATION @section Transmitters @menu * PRINT:: * TYPE:: * SHOW:: @end menu Note: If there is a variable named @code{PRINTDEPTHLIMIT} with a nonnegative integer value, then complex list and array structures will be printed only to the allowed depth. That is, members of members of... of members will be allowed only so far. The members omitted because they are just past the depth limit are indicated by an ellipsis for each one, so a too-deep list of two members will print as @w{@t{[... ...]}}. If there is a variable named @code{PRINTWIDTHLIMIT} with a nonnegative integer value, then only the first so many members of any array or list will be printed. A single ellipsis replaces all missing data within the structure. The width limit also applies to the number of characters printed in a word, except that a @code{PRINTWIDTHLIMIT} between 0 and 9 will be treated as if it were 10 when applied to words. This limit applies not only to the top-level printed datum but to any substructures within it. @xref{PRINTDEPTHLIMIT} , @ref{PRINTWIDTHLIMIT} If there is a variable named @code{FULLPRINTP} whose value is @code{TRUE}, then words that were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same value. If @code{FULLPRINTP} is @code{TRUE} then the empty word (however it was created) prints as @code{||}. (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.) @xref{FULLPRINTP} . @node PRINT, TYPE, TRANSMITTERS, TRANSMITTERS @unnumberedsubsec print @cindex print @cindex pr @example PRINT thing PR thing (PRINT thing1 thing2 ...) (PR thing1 thing2 ...) @end example command. Prints the input or inputs to the current write stream (initially the screen). All the inputs are printed on a single line, separated by spaces, ending with a newline. If an input is a list, square brackets are not printed around it, but brackets are printed around sublists. Braces are always printed around arrays. @node TYPE, SHOW, PRINT, TRANSMITTERS @unnumberedsubsec type @cindex type @example TYPE thing (TYPE thing1 thing2 ...) @end example command. Prints the input or inputs like @code{PRINT}, except that no newline character is printed at the end and multiple inputs are not separated by spaces. Note: printing to the screen is ordinarily @dfn{line buffered}; that is, the characters you print using @code{TYPE} will not actually appear on the screen until either a newline character is printed (for example, by @code{PRINT} or @code{SHOW}) or Logo tries to read from the keyboard (either at the request of your program or after an instruction prompt). This buffering makes the program much faster than it would be if each character appeared immediately, and in most cases the effect is not disconcerting. To accommodate programs that do a lot of positioned text display using @code{TYPE}, Logo will force printing whenever @code{SETCURSOR} is invoked. This solves most buffering problems. Still, on occasion you may find it necessary to force the buffered characters to be printed explicitly; this can be done using the @code{WAIT} command. @w{@t{WAIT 0}} will force printing without actually waiting. @xref{SETCURSOR} , @ref{WAIT} @node SHOW, , TYPE, TRANSMITTERS @unnumberedsubsec show @cindex show @example SHOW thing (SHOW thing1 thing2 ...) @end example command. Prints the input or inputs like @code{PRINT}, except that if an input is a list it is printed inside square brackets. @xref{PRINT} . @node RECEIVERS, FILE ACCESS, TRANSMITTERS, COMMUNICATION @section Receivers @menu * READLIST:: * READWORD:: * READRAWLINE:: * READCHAR:: * READCHARS:: * SHELL:: @end menu @node READLIST, READWORD, RECEIVERS, RECEIVERS @unnumberedsubsec readlist @cindex readlist @cindex rl @example READLIST RL @end example reads a line from the read stream (initially the keyboard) and outputs that line as a list. The line is separated into members as though it were typed in square brackets in an instruction. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, @code{READLIST} outputs the empty word (not the empty list). @code{READLIST} processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream; the output list will not contain these characters but they will have had their usual effect. @code{READLIST} does not, however, treat semicolon as a comment character. @node READWORD, READRAWLINE, READLIST, RECEIVERS @unnumberedsubsec readword @cindex readword @cindex rw @example READWORD RW @end example reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word. The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, @code{READWORD} outputs the empty list (not the empty word). @code{READWORD} processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream. In the case of a tilde used for line continuation, the output word @emph{does} include the tilde and the newline characters, so that the user program can tell exactly what the user entered. Vertical bars in the line are also preserved in the output. Backslash characters are not preserved in the output. @node READRAWLINE, READCHAR, READWORD, RECEIVERS @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec readrawline @cindex readrawline @example READRAWLINE @end example reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word. The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, @code{READRAWLINE} outputs the empty list (not the empty word). @code{READRAWLINE} outputs the exact string of characters as they appear in the line, with no special meaning for backslash, vertical bar, tilde, or any other formatting characters. @xref{READWORD} . @node READCHAR, READCHARS, READRAWLINE, RECEIVERS @unnumberedsubsec readchar @cindex readchar @cindex rc @example READCHAR RC @end example reads a single character from the read stream and outputs that character as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, @code{READCHAR} outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when @code{READCHAR} is invoked, and remains off until @code{READLIST} or @code{READWORD} is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. @xref{READLIST} . @node READCHARS, SHELL, READCHAR, RECEIVERS @unnumberedsubsec readchars @cindex readchars @cindex rcs @example READCHARS num RCS num @end example reads @var{num} characters from the read stream and outputs those characters as a word. If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, @code{READCHARS} outputs the empty list (not the empty word). If the read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when @code{READCHARS} is invoked, and remains off until @code{READLIST} or @code{READWORD} is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed. Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context. @xref{READLIST} , @ref{READWORD} @node SHELL, , READCHARS, RECEIVERS @unnumberedsubsec shell @cindex shell @example SHELL command (SHELL command wordflag) @end example Under Unix, outputs the result of running @var{command} as a shell command. (The command is sent to @samp{/bin/sh}, not @samp{csh} or other alternatives.) If the command is a literal list in the instruction line, and if you want a backslash character sent to the shell, you must use @code{\\} to get the backslash through Logo's reader intact. The output is a list containing one member for each line generated by the shell command. Ordinarily each such line is represented by a list in the output, as though the line were read using @code{READLIST}. If a second input is given, regardless of the value of the input, each line is represented by a word in the output as though it were read with @code{READWORD}. Example: @example to dayofweek output first first shell [date] end @end example This is @code{first first} to extract the first word of the first (and only) line of the shell output. Under MacOS X, @code{SHELL} works as under Unix. @code{SHELL} is not available under Mac Classic. Under DOS, @code{SHELL} is a command, not an operation; it sends its input to a DOS command processor but does not collect the result of the command. Under Windows, the wxWidgets version of Logo behaves as under Unix (except that DOS-style commands are understood; use @code{dir} rather than @code{ls}). The non-wxWidgets version behaves like the DOS version. @node FILE ACCESS, TERMINAL ACCESS, RECEIVERS, COMMUNICATION @section File Access @menu * SETPREFIX:: * PREFIX:: * OPENREAD:: * OPENWRITE:: * OPENAPPEND:: * OPENUPDATE:: * CLOSE:: * ALLOPEN:: * CLOSEALL:: * ERASEFILE:: * DRIBBLE:: * NODRIBBLE:: * SETREAD:: * SETWRITE:: * READER:: * WRITER:: * SETREADPOS:: * SETWRITEPOS:: * READPOS:: * WRITEPOS:: * EOFP:: * FILEP:: @end menu @node SETPREFIX, PREFIX, FILE ACCESS, FILE ACCESS @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec setprefix @cindex setprefix @example SETPREFIX string @end example command. Sets a prefix that will be used as the implicit beginning of filenames in @code{OPENREAD}, @code{OPENWRITE}, @code{OPENAPPEND}, @code{OPENUPDATE}, @code{LOAD}, and @code{SAVE} commands. Logo will put the appropriate separator character (slash for Unix, backslash for DOS/Windows, colon for MacOS Classic) between the prefix and the filename entered by the user. The input to @code{SETPREFIX} must be a word, unless it is the empty list, to indicate that there should be no prefix. @xref{OPENREAD} , @xref{OPENWRITE} , @xref{OPENAPPEND} , @xref{OPENUPDATE} , @xref{LOAD} , @xref{SAVE} . @node PREFIX, OPENREAD, SETPREFIX, FILE ACCESS @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec prefix @cindex prefix @example PREFIX @end example outputs the current file prefix, or [] if there is no prefix. @xref{SETPREFIX} . @node OPENREAD, OPENWRITE, PREFIX, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec openread @cindex openread @example OPENREAD filename @end example command. Opens the named file for reading. The read position is initially at the beginning of the file. @node OPENWRITE, OPENAPPEND, OPENREAD, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec openwrite @cindex openwrite @example OPENWRITE filename @end example command. Opens the named file for writing. If the file already existed, the old version is deleted and a new, empty file created. @code{OPENWRITE}, but not the other @code{OPEN} variants, will accept as input a two-element list, in which the first element must be a variable name, and the second must be a positive integer. A character buffer of the specified size will be created. When a @code{SETWRITE} is done with this same list (in the sense of .EQ, not a copy, so you must do something like @example ? make "buf [foo 100] ? openwrite :buf ? setwrite :buf [...] ? close :buf @end example and not just @example ? openwrite [foo 100] ? setwrite [foo 100] @end example and so on), the printed characters are stored in the buffer; when a @code{CLOSE} is done with the same list as input, the characters from the buffer (treated as one long word, even if spaces and newlines are included) become the value of the specified variable. @node OPENAPPEND, OPENUPDATE, OPENWRITE, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec openappend @cindex openappend @example OPENAPPEND filename @end example command. Opens the named file for writing. If the file already exists, the write position is initially set to the end of the old file, so that newly written data will be appended to it. @node OPENUPDATE, CLOSE, OPENAPPEND, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec openupdate @cindex openupdate @example OPENUPDATE filename @end example command. Opens the named file for reading and writing. The read and write position is initially set to the end of the old file, if any. Note: each open file has only one position, for both reading and writing. If a file opened for update is both @code{READER} and @code{WRITER} at the same time, then @code{SETREADPOS} will also affect @code{WRITEPOS} and vice versa. Also, if you alternate reading and writing the same file, you must @code{SETREADPOS} between a write and a read, and @code{SETWRITEPOS} between a read and a write. @xref{READER} , @ref{WRITER} , @ref{SETREADPOS} , @ref{SETWRITEPOS} @node CLOSE, ALLOPEN, OPENUPDATE, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec close @cindex close @example CLOSE filename @end example command. Closes the named file. If the file was currently the reader or writer, then the reader or writer is changed to the keyboard or screen, as if @w{@t{SETREAD []}} or @w{@t{SETWRITE []}} had been done. @node ALLOPEN, CLOSEALL, CLOSE, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec allopen @cindex allopen @example ALLOPEN @end example outputs a list whose members are the names of all files currently open. This list does not include the dribble file, if any. @node CLOSEALL, ERASEFILE, ALLOPEN, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec closeall @cindex closeall @example CLOSEALL (library procedure) @end example command. Closes all open files. Abbreviates @w{@t{FOREACH ALLOPEN [CLOSE ?]}} @xref{FOREACH} , @ref{CLOSE} @node ERASEFILE, DRIBBLE, CLOSEALL, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec erasefile @cindex erasefile @cindex erf @example ERASEFILE filename ERF filename @end example command. Erases (deletes, removes) the named file, which should not currently be open. @node DRIBBLE, NODRIBBLE, ERASEFILE, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec dribble @cindex dribble @example DRIBBLE filename @end example command. Creates a new file whose name is the input, like @code{OPENWRITE}, and begins recording in that file everything that is read from the keyboard or written to the terminal. That is, this writing is in addition to the writing to @code{WRITER}. The intent is to create a transcript of a Logo session, including things like prompt characters and interactions. @xref{OPENWRITE} , @ref{WRITER} @node NODRIBBLE, SETREAD, DRIBBLE, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec nodribble @cindex nodribble @example NODRIBBLE @end example command. Stops copying information into the dribble file, and closes the file. @node SETREAD, SETWRITE, NODRIBBLE, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec setread @cindex setread @example SETREAD filename @end example command. Makes the named file the read stream, used for @code{READLIST}, etc. The file must already be open with @code{OPENREAD} or @code{OPENUPDATE}. If the input is the empty list, then the read stream becomes the keyboard, as usual. Changing the read stream does not close the file that was previously the read stream, so it is possible to alternate between files. @xref{READLIST} , @ref{OPENREAD} , @ref{OPENUPDATE} @node SETWRITE, READER, SETREAD, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec setwrite @cindex setwrite @example SETWRITE filename @end example command. Makes the named file the write stream, used for @code{PRINT}, etc. The file must already be open with @code{OPENWRITE}, @code{OPENAPPEND}, or @code{OPENUPDATE}. If the input is the empty list, then the write stream becomes the screen, as usual. Changing the write stream does not close the file that was previously the write stream, so it is possible to alternate between files. If the input is a list, then its first element must be a variable name, and its second and last element must be a positive integer; a buffer of that many characters will be allocated, and will become the writestream. If the same list (same in the @code{.EQ} sense, not a copy) has been used as input to @code{OPENWRITE}, then the already-allocated buffer will be used, and the writer can be changed to and from this buffer, with all the characters accumulated as in a file. When the same list is used as input to @code{CLOSE}, the contents of the buffer (as an unparsed word, which may contain newline characters) will become the value of the named variable. For compatibility with earlier versions, if the list has not been opened when the @code{SETWRITE} is done, it will be opened implicitly, but the first @code{SETWRITE} after this one will implicitly close it, setting the variable and freeing the allocated buffer. @xref{PRINT} , @ref{OPENWRITE} ; @ref{OPENAPPEND} ; @ref{OPENUPDATE} @node READER, WRITER, SETWRITE, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec reader @cindex reader @example READER @end example outputs the name of the current read stream file, or the empty list if the read stream is the terminal. @node WRITER, SETREADPOS, READER, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec writer @cindex writer @example WRITER @end example outputs the name of the current write stream file, or the empty list if the write stream is the screen. @node SETREADPOS, SETWRITEPOS, WRITER, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec setreadpos @cindex setreadpos @example SETREADPOS charpos @end example command. Sets the file pointer of the read stream file so that the next @code{READLIST}, etc., will begin reading at the @var{charpos}th character in the file, counting from 0. (That is, @w{@t{SETREADPOS 0}} will start reading from the beginning of the file.) Meaningless if the read stream is the keyboard. @xref{READLIST} . @node SETWRITEPOS, READPOS, SETREADPOS, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec setwritepos @cindex setwritepos @example SETWRITEPOS charpos @end example command. Sets the file pointer of the write stream file so that the next @code{PRINT}, etc., will begin writing at the @var{charpos}th character in the file, counting from 0. (That is, @w{@t{SETWRITEPOS 0}} will start writing from the beginning of the file.) Meaningless if the write stream is the screen. @xref{PRINT} . @node READPOS, WRITEPOS, SETWRITEPOS, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec readpos @cindex readpos @example READPOS @end example outputs the file position of the current read stream file. @node WRITEPOS, EOFP, READPOS, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec writepos @cindex writepos @example WRITEPOS @end example outputs the file position of the current write stream file. @node EOFP, FILEP, WRITEPOS, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec eofp @cindex eofp @cindex eof? @example EOFP EOF? @end example predicate, outputs @code{TRUE} if there are no more characters to be read in the read stream file, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @node FILEP, , EOFP, FILE ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec filep @cindex filep @cindex file? @example FILEP filename FILE? filename (library procedure) @end example predicate, outputs @code{TRUE} if a file of the specified name exists and can be read, @code{FALSE} otherwise. @node TERMINAL ACCESS, , FILE ACCESS, COMMUNICATION @section Terminal Access @menu * KEYP:: * CLEARTEXT:: * SETCURSOR:: * CURSOR:: * SETMARGINS:: * SETTEXTCOLOR:: * INCREASEFONT:: * SETTEXTSIZE:: * TEXTSIZE:: * SETFONT:: * FONT:: @end menu @node KEYP, CLEARTEXT, TERMINAL ACCESS, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec keyp @cindex keyp @cindex key? @example KEYP KEY? @end example predicate, outputs @code{TRUE} if there are characters waiting to be read from the read stream. If the read stream is a file, this is equivalent to @w{@t{NOT EOFP}}. If the read stream is the terminal, then echoing is turned off and the terminal is set to @code{cbreak} (character at a time instead of line at a time) mode. It remains in this mode until some line-mode reading is requested (e.g., @code{READLIST}). The Unix operating system forgets about any pending characters when it switches modes, so the first @code{KEYP} invocation will always output @code{FALSE}. @xref{EOFP} , @ref{READLIST} @node CLEARTEXT, SETCURSOR, KEYP, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec cleartext @cindex cleartext @cindex ct @example CLEARTEXT CT @end example command. Clears the text window. @node SETCURSOR, CURSOR, CLEARTEXT, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec setcursor @cindex setcursor @example SETCURSOR vector @end example command. The input is a list of two numbers, the x and y coordinates of a text window position (origin in the upper left corner, positive direction is southeast). The text cursor is moved to the requested position. This command also forces the immediate printing of any buffered characters. @node CURSOR, SETMARGINS, SETCURSOR, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec cursor @cindex cursor @example CURSOR @end example outputs a list containing the current x and y coordinates of the text cursor. Logo may get confused about the current cursor position if, e.g., you type in a long line that wraps around or your program prints escape codes that affect the screen strangely. @node SETMARGINS, SETTEXTCOLOR, CURSOR, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec setmargins @cindex setmargins @example SETMARGINS vector @end example command. The input must be a list of two numbers, as for @code{SETCURSOR}. The effect is to clear the screen and then arrange for all further printing to be shifted down and to the right according to the indicated margins. Specifically, every time a newline character is printed (explicitly or implicitly) Logo will type @var{x_margin} spaces, and on every invocation of @code{SETCURSOR} the margins will be added to the input x and y coordinates. (@code{CURSOR} will report the cursor position relative to the margins, so that this shift will be invisible to Logo programs.) The purpose of this command is to accommodate the display of terminal screens in lecture halls with inadequate TV monitors that miss the top and left edges of the screen. @xref{SETCURSOR} . @node SETTEXTCOLOR, INCREASEFONT, SETMARGINS, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec settextcolor @cindex settextcolor @cindex settc @example SETTEXTCOLOR foreground background SETTC foreground background @end example command (wxWidgets only). The inputs are color numbers, or RGB color lists, as for turtle graphics. The foreground and background colors for the textscreen/splitscreen text window are changed to the given values. The change affects text already printed as well as future text printing; there is only one text color for the entire window. Command (non-wxWidgets Windows and DOS extended only). The inputs are color numbers, as for turtle graphics. Future printing to the text window will use the specified colors for foreground (the characters printed) and background (the space under those characters). Using @code{STANDOUT} will revert to the default text window colors. In the DOS extended (@file{ucblogo.exe}) version, colors in textscreen mode are limited to numbers 0-7, and the coloring applies only to text printed by the program, not to the echoing of text typed by the user. Neither limitation applies to the text portion of splitscreen mode, which is actually drawn as graphics internally. @xref{STANDOUT} . @node INCREASEFONT, SETTEXTSIZE, SETTEXTCOLOR, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec increasefont @cindex increasefont @cindex decreasefont @example INCREASEFONT DECREASEFONT @end example command (wxWidgets only). Increase or decrease the size of the font used in the text and edit windows to the next larger or smaller available size. @node SETTEXTSIZE, TEXTSIZE, INCREASEFONT, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec settextsize @cindex settextsize @example SETTEXTSIZE height @end example command (wxWidgets only). Set the "point size" of the font used in the text and edit windows to the given integer input. The desired size may not be available, in which case the nearest available size will be used. Note: There is only a slight correlation between these integers and pixel sizes. Our rough estimate is that the number of pixels of height is about 1.5 times the point size, but it varies for different fonts. See @code{SETLABELHEIGHT} for a different approach used for the graphics window. @node TEXTSIZE, SETFONT, SETTEXTSIZE, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec textsize @cindex textsize @example TEXTSIZE @end example (wxWidgets only) outputs the "point size" of the font used in the text and edit windows. See @code{SETTEXTSIZE} for a discussion of font sizing. See @code{LABELSIZE} for a different approach used for the graphics window. @node SETFONT, FONT, TEXTSIZE, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec setfont @cindex setfont @example SETFONT fontname @end example command (wxWidgets only). Set the font family used in all windows to the one named by the input. Try @file{Courier} or @file{Monospace} as likely possibilities. Not all computers have the same fonts installed. It's a good idea to stick with monospace fonts (ones in which all characters have the same width). @node FONT, , SETFONT, TERMINAL ACCESS @unnumberedsubsec font @cindex font @example FONT @end example (wxWidgets only) outputs the name of the font family used in all windows. @node ARITHMETIC, LOGICAL OPERATIONS, COMMUNICATION, Top @chapter Arithmetic @menu * NUMERIC OPERATIONS:: * NUMERIC PREDICATES:: * RANDOM NUMBERS:: * PRINT FORMATTING:: * BITWISE OPERATIONS:: @end menu @node NUMERIC OPERATIONS, NUMERIC PREDICATES, ARITHMETIC, ARITHMETIC @section Numeric Operations @menu * SUM:: * DIFFERENCE:: * MINUS:: * PRODUCT:: * QUOTIENT:: * REMAINDER:: * MODULO:: * INT:: * ROUND:: * SQRT:: * POWER:: * EXP:: * LOG10:: * LN:: * SIN:: * RADSIN:: * COS:: * RADCOS:: * ARCTAN:: * RADARCTAN:: * ISEQ:: * RSEQ:: @end menu @node SUM, DIFFERENCE, NUMERIC OPERATIONS, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec sum @cindex sum @cindex + @example SUM num1 num2 (SUM num1 num2 num3 ...) num1 + num2 @end example outputs the sum of its inputs. @node DIFFERENCE, MINUS, SUM, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec difference @cindex difference @cindex - @example DIFFERENCE num1 num2 num1 - num2 @end example outputs the difference of its inputs. Minus sign means infix difference in ambiguous contexts (when preceded by a complete expression), unless it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. (See also @code{MINUS}.) @node MINUS, PRODUCT, DIFFERENCE, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec minus @cindex minus @example MINUS num - num @end example outputs the negative of its input. Minus sign means unary minus if the previous token is an infix operator or open parenthesis, or it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. There is a difference in binding strength between the two forms: @example MINUS 3 + 4 means -(3+4) - 3 + 4 means (-3)+4 @end example @node PRODUCT, QUOTIENT, MINUS, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec product @cindex product @cindex * @example PRODUCT num1 num2 (PRODUCT num1 num2 num3 ...) num1 * num2 @end example outputs the product of its inputs. @node QUOTIENT, REMAINDER, PRODUCT, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec quotient @cindex quotient @cindex / @example QUOTIENT num1 num2 (QUOTIENT num) num1 / num2 @end example outputs the quotient of its inputs. The quotient of two integers is an integer if and only if the dividend is a multiple of the divisor. (In other words, @w{@t{QUOTIENT 5 2}} is 2.5, not 2, but @w{@t{QUOTIENT 4 2}} is 2, not 2.0 --- it does the right thing.) With a single input, @code{QUOTIENT} outputs the reciprocal of the input. @node REMAINDER, MODULO, QUOTIENT, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec remainder @cindex remainder @example REMAINDER num1 num2 @end example outputs the remainder on dividing @var{num1} by @var{num2}; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as @var{num1}. @node MODULO, INT, REMAINDER, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec modulo @cindex modulo @example MODULO num1 num2 @end example outputs the remainder on dividing @var{num1} by @var{num2}; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as @var{num2}. @node INT, ROUND, MODULO, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec int @cindex int @example INT num @end example outputs its input with fractional part removed, i.e., an integer with the same sign as the input, whose absolute value is the largest integer less than or equal to the absolute value of the input. @node ROUND, SQRT, INT, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec round @cindex round @example ROUND num @end example outputs the nearest integer to the input. @node SQRT, POWER, ROUND, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec sqrt @cindex sqrt @example SQRT num @end example outputs the square root of the input, which must be nonnegative. @node POWER, EXP, SQRT, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec power @cindex power @example POWER num1 num2 @end example outputs @var{num1} to the @var{num2} power. If @var{num1} is negative, then @var{num2} must be an integer. @node EXP, LOG10, POWER, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec exp @cindex exp @example EXP num @end example outputs @i{e} (2.718281828+) to the input power. @node LOG10, LN, EXP, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec log10 @cindex log10 @example LOG10 num @end example outputs the common logarithm of the input. @node LN, SIN, LOG10, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec ln @cindex ln @example LN num @end example outputs the natural logarithm of the input. @node SIN, RADSIN, LN, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec sin @cindex sin @example SIN degrees @end example outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in degrees. @node RADSIN, COS, SIN, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec radsin @cindex radsin @example RADSIN radians @end example outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in radians. @node COS, RADCOS, RADSIN, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec cos @cindex cos @example COS degrees @end example outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in degrees. @node RADCOS, ARCTAN, COS, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec radcos @cindex radcos @example RADCOS radians @end example outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in radians. @node ARCTAN, RADARCTAN, RADCOS, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec arctan @cindex arctan @example ARCTAN num (ARCTAN x y) @end example outputs the arctangent, in degrees, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or 90 or --90 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero. @node RADARCTAN, ISEQ, ARCTAN, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec radarctan @cindex radarctan @example RADARCTAN num (RADARCTAN x y) @end example outputs the arctangent, in radians, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or pi/2 or --pi/2 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero. The expression @w{@t{2*(RADARCTAN 0 1)}} can be used to get the value of pi. @node ISEQ, RSEQ, RADARCTAN, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec iseq @cindex iseq @example ISEQ from to (library procedure) @end example outputs a list of the integers from @var{from} to @var{to}, inclusive. @example ? show iseq 3 7 [3 4 5 6 7] ? show iseq 7 3 [7 6 5 4 3] @end example @node RSEQ, , ISEQ, NUMERIC OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec rseq @cindex rseq @example RSEQ from to count (library procedure) @end example outputs a list of @var{count} equally spaced rational numbers between @var{from} and @var{to}, inclusive. @example ? show rseq 3 5 9 [3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5] ? show rseq 3 5 5 [3 3.5 4 4.5 5] @end example @node NUMERIC PREDICATES, RANDOM NUMBERS, NUMERIC OPERATIONS, ARITHMETIC @section Numeric Predicates @menu * LESSP:: * GREATERP:: * LESSEQUALP:: * GREATEREQUALP:: @end menu @node LESSP, GREATERP, NUMERIC PREDICATES, NUMERIC PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec lessp @cindex lessp @cindex less? @cindex < @example LESSP num1 num2 LESS? num1 num2 num1 < num2 @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if its first input is strictly less than its second. @node GREATERP, LESSEQUALP, LESSP, NUMERIC PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec greaterp @cindex greaterp @cindex greater? @cindex > @example GREATERP num1 num2 GREATER? num1 num2 num1 > num2 @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if its first input is strictly greater than its second. @node LESSEQUALP, GREATEREQUALP, GREATERP, NUMERIC PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec lessequalp @cindex lessequalp @cindex lessequal? @cindex <= @example LESSEQUALP num1 num2 LESSEQUAL? num1 num2 num1 <= num2 @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if its first input is less than or equal to its second. @node GREATEREQUALP, , LESSEQUALP, NUMERIC PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec greaterequalp @cindex greaterequalp @cindex greaterequal? @cindex >= @example GREATEREQUALP num1 num2 GREATEREQUAL? num1 num2 num1 >= num2 @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if its first input is greater than or equal to its second. @node RANDOM NUMBERS, PRINT FORMATTING, NUMERIC PREDICATES, ARITHMETIC @section Random Numbers @menu * RANDOM:: * RERANDOM:: @end menu @node RANDOM, RERANDOM, RANDOM NUMBERS, RANDOM NUMBERS @unnumberedsubsec random @cindex random @example RANDOM num (RANDOM start end) @end example with one input, outputs a random nonnegative integer less than its input, which must be a positive integer. With two inputs, @code{RANDOM} outputs a random integer greater than or equal to the first input, and less than or equal to the second input. Both inputs must be integers, and the first must be less than the second. @w{@t{(RANDOM 0 9)}} is equivalent to @w{@t{RANDOM 10}}; @w{@t{(RANDOM 3 8)}} is equivalent to @w{@t{(RANDOM 6)+3}}. @node RERANDOM, , RANDOM, RANDOM NUMBERS @unnumberedsubsec rerandom @cindex rerandom @example RERANDOM (RERANDOM seed) @end example command. Makes the results of @code{RANDOM} reproducible. Ordinarily the sequence of random numbers is different each time Logo is used. If you need the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers repeatedly, e.g. to debug a program, say @code{RERANDOM} before the first invocation of @code{RANDOM}. If you need more than one repeatable sequence, you can give @code{RERANDOM} an integer input; each possible input selects a unique sequence of numbers. @node PRINT FORMATTING, BITWISE OPERATIONS, RANDOM NUMBERS, ARITHMETIC @section Print Formatting @menu * FORM:: @end menu @node FORM, , PRINT FORMATTING, PRINT FORMATTING @unnumberedsubsec form @cindex form @example FORM num width precision @end example outputs a word containing a printable representation of @var{num}, possibly preceded by spaces (and therefore not a number for purposes of performing arithmetic operations), with at least @var{width} characters, including exactly @var{precision} digits after the decimal point. (If @var{precision} is 0 then there will be no decimal point in the output.) As a debugging feature, (@w{@t{FORM num -1 format}}) will print the floating point @var{num} according to the C printf @var{format}, to allow @example to hex :num op form :num -1 "|%08X %08X| end @end example to allow finding out the exact result of floating point operations. The precise format needed may be machine-dependent. @node BITWISE OPERATIONS, , PRINT FORMATTING, ARITHMETIC @section Bitwise Operations @menu * BITAND:: * BITOR:: * BITXOR:: * BITNOT:: * ASHIFT:: * LSHIFT:: @end menu @node BITAND, BITOR, BITWISE OPERATIONS, BITWISE OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec bitand @cindex bitand @example BITAND num1 num2 (BITAND num1 num2 num3 ...) @end example outputs the bitwise @var{and} of its inputs, which must be integers. @xref{AND} . @node BITOR, BITXOR, BITAND, BITWISE OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec bitor @cindex bitor @example BITOR num1 num2 (BITOR num1 num2 num3 ...) @end example outputs the bitwise @var{or} of its inputs, which must be integers. @xref{OR} . @node BITXOR, BITNOT, BITOR, BITWISE OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec bitxor @cindex bitxor @example BITXOR num1 num2 (BITXOR num1 num2 num3 ...) @end example outputs the bitwise @var{exclusive or} of its inputs, which must be integers. @xref{OR} . @node BITNOT, ASHIFT, BITXOR, BITWISE OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec bitnot @cindex bitnot @example BITNOT num @end example outputs the bitwise @var{not} of its input, which must be an integer. @xref{NOT} . @node ASHIFT, LSHIFT, BITNOT, BITWISE OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec ashift @cindex ashift @example ASHIFT num1 num2 @end example outputs @var{num1} arithmetic-shifted to the left by @var{num2} bits. If @var{num2} is negative, the shift is to the right with sign extension. The inputs must be integers. @node LSHIFT, , ASHIFT, BITWISE OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec lshift @cindex lshift @example LSHIFT num1 num2 @end example outputs @var{num1} logical-shifted to the left by @var{num2} bits. If @var{num2} is negative, the shift is to the right with zero fill. The inputs must be integers. @node LOGICAL OPERATIONS, GRAPHICS, ARITHMETIC, Top @chapter Logical Operations @menu * AND:: * OR:: * NOT:: @end menu @node AND, OR, LOGICAL OPERATIONS, LOGICAL OPERATIONS @unnumberedsec and @cindex and @example AND tf1 tf2 (AND tf1 tf2 tf3 ...) @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if all inputs are @code{TRUE}, otherwise @code{FALSE}. All inputs must be @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of @code{CASEIGNOREDP}. That is, @code{true} or @code{True} or @code{TRUE} are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE} value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a @code{FALSE} value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: @example MAKE "RESULT AND [NOT (:X = 0)] [(1 / :X) > .5] @end example to avoid the division by zero if the first part is false. @xref{CASEIGNOREDP} . @node OR, NOT, AND, LOGICAL OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec or @cindex or @example OR tf1 tf2 (OR tf1 tf2 tf3 ...) @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if any input is @code{TRUE}, otherwise @code{FALSE}. All inputs must be @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of @code{CASEIGNOREDP}. That is, @code{true} or @code{True} or @code{TRUE} are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE} value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a @code{TRUE} value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: @example IF OR :X=0 [some.long.computation] [...] @end example to avoid the long computation if the first condition is met. @xref{CASEIGNOREDP} . @node NOT, , OR, LOGICAL OPERATIONS @unnumberedsubsec not @cindex not @example NOT tf @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is @code{FALSE}, and vice versa. The input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE} value. @node GRAPHICS, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, LOGICAL OPERATIONS, Top @chapter Graphics Berkeley Logo provides traditional Logo turtle graphics with one turtle. Multiple turtles, dynamic turtles, and collision detection are not supported. This is the most hardware-dependent part of Logo; some features may exist on some machines but not others. Nevertheless, the goal has been to make Logo programs as portable as possible, rather than to take fullest advantage of the capabilities of each machine. In particular, Logo attempts to scale the screen so that turtle coordinates [--100 --100] and [100 100] fit on the graphics window, and so that the aspect ratio is 1:1. The center of the graphics window (which may or may not be the entire screen, depending on the machine used) is turtle location [0 0]. Positive X is to the right; positive Y is up. Headings (angles) are measured in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis. (This differs from the common mathematical convention of measuring angles counterclockwise from the positive X axis.) The turtle is represented as an isoceles triangle; the actual turtle position is at the midpoint of the base (the short side). However, the turtle is drawn one step behind its actual position, so that the display of the base of the turtle's triangle does not obscure a line drawn perpendicular to it (as would happen after drawing a square). Colors are, of course, hardware-dependent. However, Logo provides partial hardware independence by interpreting color numbers 0 through 7 uniformly on all computers: @example 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white @end example Where possible, Logo provides additional user-settable colors; how many are available depends on the hardware and operating system environment. If at least 16 colors are available, Logo tries to provide uniform initial settings for the colors 8-15: @example 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey @end example Logo begins with a black background and white pen. @menu * TURTLE MOTION:: * TURTLE MOTION QUERIES:: * TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL:: * TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES:: * PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL:: * PEN QUERIES:: * SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES:: * MOUSE QUERIES:: @end menu @node TURTLE MOTION, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, GRAPHICS, GRAPHICS @section Turtle Motion @menu * FORWARD:: * BACK:: * LEFT:: * RIGHT:: * SETPOS:: * SETXY:: * SETX:: * SETY:: * SETHEADING:: * HOME:: * ARC:: @end menu @node FORWARD, BACK, TURTLE MOTION, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec forward @cindex forward @cindex fd @example FORWARD dist FD dist @end example moves the turtle forward, in the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance (measured in turtle steps). @node BACK, LEFT, FORWARD, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec back @cindex back @cindex bk @example BACK dist BK dist @end example moves the turtle backward, i.e., exactly opposite to the direction that it's facing, by the specified distance. (The heading of the turtle does not change.) @node LEFT, RIGHT, BACK, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec left @cindex left @cindex lt @example LEFT degrees LT degrees @end example turns the turtle counterclockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle). @node RIGHT, SETPOS, LEFT, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec right @cindex right @cindex rt @example RIGHT degrees RT degrees @end example turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle). @node SETPOS, SETXY, RIGHT, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec setpos @cindex setpos @example SETPOS pos @end example moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The input is a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates. @node SETXY, SETX, SETPOS, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec setxy @cindex setxy @example SETXY xcor ycor @end example moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The two inputs are numbers, the X and Y coordinates. @node SETX, SETY, SETXY, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec setx @cindex setx @example SETX xcor @end example moves the turtle horizontally from its old position to a new absolute horizontal coordinate. The input is the new X coordinate. @node SETY, SETHEADING, SETX, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec sety @cindex sety @example SETY ycor @end example moves the turtle vertically from its old position to a new absolute vertical coordinate. The input is the new Y coordinate. @node SETHEADING, HOME, SETY, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec setheading @cindex setheading @cindex seth @example SETHEADING degrees SETH degrees @end example turns the turtle to a new absolute heading. The input is a number, the heading in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis. @node HOME, ARC, SETHEADING, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec home @cindex home @example HOME @end example moves the turtle to the center of the screen. Equivalent to @w{@t{SETPOS [0 0] SETHEADING 0.}} @xref{SETPOS} , @xref{SETHEADING} . @node ARC, , HOME, TURTLE MOTION @unnumberedsubsec arc @cindex arc @example ARC angle radius @end example draws an arc of a circle, with the turtle at the center, with the specified radius, starting at the turtle's heading and extending clockwise through the specified angle. The turtle does not move. @node TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, TURTLE MOTION, GRAPHICS @section Turtle Motion Queries @menu * POS:: * XCOR:: * YCOR:: * HEADING:: * TOWARDS:: * SCRUNCH:: @end menu @node POS, XCOR, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec pos @cindex pos @example POS @end example outputs the turtle's current position, as a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates. @node XCOR, YCOR, POS, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec xcor @cindex xcor @example XCOR (library procedure) @end example outputs a number, the turtle's X coordinate. @node YCOR, HEADING, XCOR, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec ycor @cindex ycor @example YCOR (library procedure) @end example outputs a number, the turtle's Y coordinate. @node HEADING, TOWARDS, YCOR, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec heading @cindex heading @example HEADING @end example outputs a number, the turtle's heading in degrees. @node TOWARDS, SCRUNCH, HEADING, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec towards @cindex towards @example TOWARDS pos @end example outputs a number, the heading at which the turtle should be facing so that it would point from its current position to the position given as the input. @node SCRUNCH, , TOWARDS, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec scrunch @cindex scrunch @example SCRUNCH @end example outputs a list containing two numbers, the X and Y scrunch factors, as used by @code{SETSCRUNCH}. (But note that @code{SETSCRUNCH} takes two numbers as inputs, not one list of numbers.) @xref{SETSCRUNCH} . @node TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, TURTLE MOTION QUERIES, GRAPHICS @section Turtle and Window Control @menu * SHOWTURTLE:: * HIDETURTLE:: * CLEAN:: * CLEARSCREEN:: * WRAP:: * WINDOW:: * FENCE:: * FILL:: * FILLED:: * LABEL:: * SETLABELHEIGHT:: * TEXTSCREEN:: * FULLSCREEN:: * SPLITSCREEN:: * SETSCRUNCH:: * REFRESH:: * NOREFRESH:: @end menu @node SHOWTURTLE, HIDETURTLE, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec showturtle @cindex showturtle @cindex st @example SHOWTURTLE ST @end example makes the turtle visible. @node HIDETURTLE, CLEAN, SHOWTURTLE, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec hideturtle @cindex hideturtle @cindex ht @example HIDETURTLE HT @end example makes the turtle invisible. It's a good idea to do this while you're in the middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing substantially. @node CLEAN, CLEARSCREEN, HIDETURTLE, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec clean @cindex clean @example CLEAN @end example erases all lines that the turtle has drawn on the graphics window. The turtle's state (position, heading, pen mode, etc.) is not changed. @node CLEARSCREEN, WRAP, CLEAN, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec clearscreen @cindex clearscreen @cindex cs @example CLEARSCREEN CS @end example erases the graphics window and sends the turtle to its initial position and heading. Like @code{HOME} and @code{CLEAN} together. @xref{HOME} . @node WRAP, WINDOW, CLEARSCREEN, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec wrap @cindex wrap @example WRAP @end example tells the turtle to enter wrap mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will "wrap around" and reappear at the opposite edge of the window. The top edge wraps to the bottom edge, while the left edge wraps to the right edge. (So the window is topologically equivalent to a torus.) This is the turtle's initial mode. Compare @code{WINDOW} and @code{FENCE}. @xref{FENCE} . @node WINDOW, FENCE, WRAP, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec window @cindex window @example WINDOW @end example tells the turtle to enter window mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move offscreen. The visible graphics window is considered as just part of an infinite graphics plane; the turtle can be anywhere on the plane. (If you lose the turtle, @code{HOME} will bring it back to the center of the window.) Compare @code{WRAP} and @code{FENCE}. @xref{HOME} . @node FENCE, FILL, WINDOW, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec fence @cindex fence @example FENCE @end example tells the turtle to enter fence mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move as far as it can and then stop at the edge with an "out of bounds" error message. Compare @code{WRAP} and @code{WINDOW}. @xref{WRAP} . @node FILL, FILLED, FENCE, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec fill @cindex fill @example FILL @end example fills in a region of the graphics window containing the turtle and bounded by lines that have been drawn earlier. This is not portable; it doesn't work for all machines, and may not work exactly the same way on different machines. @node FILLED, LABEL, FILL, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec filled @cindex filled @example FILLED color instructions @end example runs the instructions, remembering all points visited by turtle motion commands, starting @emph{and ending} with the turtle's initial position. Then draws (ignoring penmode) the resulting polygon, in the current pen color, filling the polygon with the given color, which can be a color number or an RGB list. The instruction list cannot include another FILLED invocation. (wxWidgets only) @node LABEL, SETLABELHEIGHT, FILLED, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec label @cindex label @example LABEL text @end example takes a word or list as input, and prints the input on the graphics window, starting at the turtle's position. @node SETLABELHEIGHT, TEXTSCREEN, LABEL, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setlabelheight @cindex setlabelheight @example SETLABELHEIGHT height @end example command (wxWidgets only). Takes a positive integer argument and tries to set the font size so that the character height (including descenders) is that many turtle steps. This will be different from the number of screen pixels if @code{SETSCRUNCH} has been used. Also, note that @code{SETSCRUNCH} changes the font size to try to preserve this height in turtle steps. Note that the query operation corresponding to this command is @code{LABELSIZE}, not @code{LABELHEIGHT}, because it tells you the width as well as the height of characters in the current font. @node TEXTSCREEN, FULLSCREEN, SETLABELHEIGHT, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec textscreen @cindex textscreen @example TEXTSCREEN TS @end example rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the text window (the window used for interaction with Logo). The details differ among machines. Compare @code{SPLITSCREEN} and @code{FULLSCREEN}. @xref{SPLITSCREEN} . @node FULLSCREEN, SPLITSCREEN, TEXTSCREEN, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec fullscreen @cindex fullscreen @cindex fs @example FULLSCREEN FS @end example rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the graphics window. The details differ among machines. Compare @code{SPLITSCREEN} and @code{TEXTSCREEN}. Since there must be a text window to allow printing (including the printing of the Logo prompt), Logo automatically switches from fullscreen to splitscreen whenever anything is printed. In the DOS version, switching from fullscreen to splitscreen loses the part of the picture that's hidden by the text window. [This design decision follows from the scarcity of memory, so that the extra memory to remember an invisible part of a drawing seems too expensive.] @node SPLITSCREEN, SETSCRUNCH, FULLSCREEN, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec splitscreen @cindex splitscreen @cindex ss @example SPLITSCREEN SS @end example rearranges the size and position of windows to allow some room for text interaction while also keeping most of the graphics window visible. The details differ among machines. Compare @code{TEXTSCREEN} and @code{FULLSCREEN}. @xref{TEXTSCREEN} . @node SETSCRUNCH, REFRESH, SPLITSCREEN, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setscrunch @cindex setscrunch @cindex scrunch.dat @example SETSCRUNCH xscale yscale @end example adjusts the aspect ratio and scaling of the graphics display. After this command is used, all further turtle motion will be adjusted by multiplying the horizontal and vertical extent of the motion by the two numbers given as inputs. For example, after the instruction @w{@t{SETSCRUNCH 2 1}} motion at a heading of 45 degrees will move twice as far horizontally as vertically. If your squares don't come out square, try this. (Alternatively, you can deliberately misadjust the aspect ratio to draw an ellipse.) For all modern computers, both scale factors are initially 1. For DOS machines, the scale factors are initially set according to what the hardware claims the aspect ratio is, but the hardware sometimes lies. For DOS, the values set by @code{SETSCRUNCH} are remembered in a file (called @file{scrunch.dat}) and are automatically put into effect when a Logo session begins. @node REFRESH, NOREFRESH, SETSCRUNCH, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec refresh @cindex refresh @example REFRESH @end example (command) tells Logo to remember the turtle's motions so that they can be used for high-resolution printing (wxWidgets) or to refresh the graphics window if it is moved, resized, or overlayed (non-wxWidgets). This is the default. @node NOREFRESH, , REFRESH, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec norefresh @cindex norefresh @example NOREFRESH @end example (command) tells Logo not to remember the turtle's motions, which may be useful to save time and memory if your program is interactive or animated, rather than drawing a static picture you'll want to print later (wxWidgets). In non-wxWidgets versions, using NOREFRESH may prevent Logo from restoring the graphics image after the window is moved, resized, or overlayed. @node TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL, GRAPHICS @section Turtle and Window Queries @menu * SHOWNP:: * SCREENMODE:: * TURTLEMODE:: * LABELSIZE:: @end menu @node SHOWNP, SCREENMODE, TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec shownp @cindex shownp @cindex shown? @example SHOWNP SHOWN? @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the turtle is shown (visible), @code{FALSE} if the turtle is hidden. See @code{SHOWTURTLE} and @code{HIDETURTLE}. @xref{SHOWTURTLE} , @ref{HIDETURTLE} . @node SCREENMODE, TURTLEMODE, SHOWNP, TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec screenmode @cindex screenmode @example SCREENMODE @end example outputs the word @code{TEXTSCREEN}, @code{SPLITSCREEN}, or @code{FULLSCREEN} depending on the current screen mode. @node TURTLEMODE, LABELSIZE, SCREENMODE, TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec turtlemode @cindex turtlemode @example TURTLEMODE @end example outputs the word @code{WRAP}, @code{FENCE}, or @code{WINDOW} depending on the current turtle mode. @node LABELSIZE, , TURTLEMODE, TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec labelsize @cindex labelsize @example LABELSIZE @end example (wxWidgets only) outputs a list of two positive integers, the width and height of characters displayed by @code{LABEL} measured in turtle steps (which will be different from screen pixels if @code{SETSCRUNCH} has been used). There is no @code{SETLABELSIZE} because the width and height of a font are not separately controllable, so the inverse of this operation is @code{SETLABELHEIGHT}, which takes just one number for the desired height. @node PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, PEN QUERIES, TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES, GRAPHICS @section Pen and Background Control The turtle carries a pen that can draw pictures. At any time the pen can be UP (in which case moving the turtle does not change what's on the graphics screen) or DOWN (in which case the turtle leaves a trace). If the pen is down, it can operate in one of three modes: PAINT (so that it draws lines when the turtle moves), ERASE (so that it erases any lines that might have been drawn on or through that path earlier), or REVERSE (so that it inverts the status of each point along the turtle's path). @menu * PENDOWN:: * PENUP:: * PENPAINT:: * PENERASE:: * PENREVERSE:: * SETPENCOLOR:: * SETPALETTE:: * SETPENSIZE:: * SETPENPATTERN:: * SETPEN:: * SETBACKGROUND:: @end menu @node PENDOWN, PENUP, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec pendown @cindex pendown @cindex pd @example PENDOWN PD @end example sets the pen's position to @code{DOWN}, without changing its mode. @node PENUP, PENPAINT, PENDOWN, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec penup @cindex penup @cindex pu @example PENUP PU @end example sets the pen's position to @code{UP}, without changing its mode. @node PENPAINT, PENERASE, PENUP, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec penpaint @cindex penpaint @cindex ppt @example PENPAINT PPT @end example sets the pen's position to @code{DOWN} and mode to @code{PAINT}. @node PENERASE, PENREVERSE, PENPAINT, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec penerase @cindex penerase @cindex pe @example PENERASE PE @end example sets the pen's position to @code{DOWN} and mode to @code{ERASE}. @xref{ERASE} . @node PENREVERSE, SETPENCOLOR, PENERASE, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec penreverse @cindex penreverse @cindex px @example PENREVERSE PX @end example sets the pen's position to @code{DOWN} and mode to @code{REVERSE}. (This may interact in system-dependent ways with use of color.) @xref{REVERSE} . @node SETPENCOLOR, SETPALETTE, PENREVERSE, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setpencolor @cindex setpencolor @cindex setpc @example SETPENCOLOR colornumber.or.rgblist SETPC colornumber.or.rgblist @end example sets the pen color to the given number, which must be a nonnegative integer. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: @example 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey @end example but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the @code{PALETTE} command. Alternatively, sets the pen color to the given RGB values (a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color). @node SETPALETTE, SETPENSIZE, SETPENCOLOR, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setpalette @cindex setpalette @example SETPALETTE colornumber rgblist @end example sets the actual color corresponding to a given number, if allowed by the hardware and operating system. Colornumber must be an integer greater than or equal to 8. (Logo tries to keep the first 8 colors constant.) The second input is a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color. @node SETPENSIZE, SETPENPATTERN, SETPALETTE, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setpensize @cindex setpensize @example SETPENSIZE size @end example sets the thickness of the pen. The input is either a single positive integer or a list of two positive integers (for horizontal and vertical thickness). Some versions pay no attention to the second number, but always have a square pen. @node SETPENPATTERN, SETPEN, SETPENSIZE, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setpenpattern @cindex setpenpattern @example SETPENPATTERN pattern @end example sets hardware-dependent pen characteristics. This command is not guaranteed compatible between implementations on different machines. @node SETPEN, SETBACKGROUND, SETPENPATTERN, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setpen @cindex setpen @example SETPEN list (library procedure) @end example sets the pen's position, mode, thickness, and hardware-dependent characteristics according to the information in the input list, which should be taken from an earlier invocation of @code{PEN}. @xref{PEN} . @node SETBACKGROUND, , SETPEN, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setbackground @cindex setbackground @cindex setbg @example SETBACKGROUND colornumber.or.rgblist SETBG colornumber.or.rgblist @end example set the screen background color by slot number or RGB values. See @code{SETPENCOLOR} for details. @xref{SETPENCOLOR} . @node PEN QUERIES, SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL, GRAPHICS @section Pen Queries @menu * PENDOWNP:: * PENMODE:: * PENCOLOR:: * PALETTE:: * PENSIZE:: * PEN:: * BACKGROUND:: @end menu @node PENDOWNP, PENMODE, PEN QUERIES, PEN QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec pendownp @cindex pendownp @cindex pendown? @example PENDOWNP PENDOWN? @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the pen is down, @code{FALSE} if it's up. @node PENMODE, PENCOLOR, PENDOWNP, PEN QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec penmode @cindex penmode @example PENMODE @end example outputs one of the words @code{PAINT}, @code{ERASE}, or @code{REVERSE} according to the current pen mode. @xref{ERASE} , @ref{REVERSE} . @node PENCOLOR, PALETTE, PENMODE, PEN QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec pencolor @cindex pencolor @cindex pc @example PENCOLOR PC @end example outputs a color number, a nonnegative integer that is associated with a particular color, or a list of RGB values if such a list was used as the most recent input to @code{SETPENCOLOR}. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: @example 0 black 1 blue 2 green 3 cyan 4 red 5 magenta 6 yellow 7 white 8 brown 9 tan 10 forest 11 aqua 12 salmon 13 purple 14 orange 15 grey @end example but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the @code{PALETTE} command. @node PALETTE, PENSIZE, PENCOLOR, PEN QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec palette @cindex palette @example PALETTE colornumber @end example outputs a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the color associated with the given number. @node PENSIZE, PEN, PALETTE, PEN QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec pensize @cindex pensize @cindex penpattern @example PENSIZE @end example outputs a list of two positive integers, specifying the horizontal and vertical thickness of the turtle pen. (In some implementations, including wxWidgets, the two numbers are always equal.) @example PENPATTERN @end example outputs system-specific pen information. @node PEN, BACKGROUND, PENSIZE, PEN QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec pen @cindex pen @example PEN (library procedure) @end example outputs a list containing the pen's position, mode, thickness, and hardware-specific characteristics, for use by @code{SETPEN}. @xref{SETPEN} . @node BACKGROUND, , PEN, PEN QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec background @cindex background @cindex bg @example BACKGROUND BG @end example outputs the graphics background color, either as a slot number or as an RGB list, whichever way it was set. (See @code{PENCOLOR}.) @node SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, MOUSE QUERIES, PEN QUERIES, GRAPHICS @comment node-name, next, previous, up @section Saving and Loading Pictures @menu * SAVEPICT:: * LOADPICT:: * EPSPICT:: @end menu @node SAVEPICT, LOADPICT, SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec savepict @cindex savepict @example SAVEPICT filename @end example command. Writes a file with the specified name containing the state of the graphics window, including any nonstandard color palette settings, in Logo's internal format. This picture can be restored to the screen using @code{LOADPICT}. The format is not portable between platforms, nor is it readable by other programs. @ref{EPSPICT} to export Logo graphics for other programs. @node LOADPICT, EPSPICT, SAVEPICT, SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec loadpict @cindex loadpict @example LOADPICT filename @end example command. Reads the specified file, which must have been written by a @code{SAVEPICT} command, and restores the graphics window and color palette settings to the values stored in the file. Any drawing previously on the screen is cleared. @xref{SAVEPICT} . @node EPSPICT, , LOADPICT, SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec epspict @cindex epspict @example EPSPICT filename @end example command. Writes a file with the specified name, containing an Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) representation of the state of the graphics window. This file can be imported into other programs that understand EPS format. Restrictions: the drawing cannot use @code{FILL}, @code{PENERASE}, or @code{PENREVERSE}; any such instructions will be ignored in the translation to Postscript form. @xref{FILL} , @xref{PENERASE} , @xref{PENREVERSE} . @node MOUSE QUERIES, , SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES, GRAPHICS @comment node-name, next, previous, up @section Mouse Queries @menu * MOUSEPOS:: * CLICKPOS:: * BUTTONP:: * BUTTON:: @end menu @node MOUSEPOS, CLICKPOS, MOUSE QUERIES, MOUSE QUERIES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec mousepos @cindex mousepos @example MOUSEPOS @end example outputs the coordinates of the mouse, provided that it's within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. If the mouse is outside the graphics window, then the last position within the window is returned. Exception: If a mouse button is pressed within the graphics window and held while the mouse is dragged outside the window, the mouse's position is returned as if the window were big enough to include it. @node CLICKPOS, BUTTONP, MOUSEPOS, MOUSE QUERIES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec clickpos @cindex clickpos @example CLICKPOS @end example outputs the coordinates that the mouse was at when a mouse button was most recently pushed, provided that that position was within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. (wxWidgets only) @node BUTTONP, BUTTON, CLICKPOS, MOUSE QUERIES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec buttonp @cindex buttonp @cindex button? @example BUTTONP BUTTON? @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if a mouse button is down and the mouse is over the graphics window. Once the button is down, @code{BUTTONP} remains true until the button is released, even if the mouse is dragged out of the graphics window. @node BUTTON, , BUTTONP, MOUSE QUERIES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec button @cindex button @example BUTTON @end example outputs 0 if no mouse button has been pushed inside the Logo window since the last call to @code{BUTTON}. Otherwise, it outputs an integer between 1 and 3 indicating which button was most recently pressed. Ordinarily 1 means left, 2 means right, and 3 means center, but operating systems may reconfigure these. @node WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, CONTROL STRUCTURES, GRAPHICS, Top @chapter Workspace Management @menu * PROCEDURE DEFINITION:: * VARIABLE DEFINITION:: * PROPERTY LISTS:: * WORKSPACE PREDICATES:: * WORKSPACE QUERIES:: * WORKSPACE INSPECTION:: * WORKSPACE CONTROL:: @end menu @node PROCEDURE DEFINITION, VARIABLE DEFINITION, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT @section Procedure Definition @menu * TO:: * DEFINE:: * TEXT:: * FULLTEXT:: * COPYDEF:: @end menu @node TO, DEFINE, PROCEDURE DEFINITION, PROCEDURE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec to @cindex to @example TO procname :input1 :input2 ... (special form) @end example command. Prepares Logo to accept a procedure definition. The procedure will be named @var{procname} and there must not already be a procedure by that name. The inputs will be called @var{input1} etc. Any number of inputs are allowed, including none. Names of procedures and inputs are case-insensitive. Unlike every other Logo procedure, TO takes as its inputs the actual words typed in the instruction line, as if they were all quoted, rather than the results of evaluating expressions to provide the inputs. (That's what @dfn{special form} means.) This version of Logo allows variable numbers of inputs to a procedure. After the procedure name come four kinds of things, @emph{in this order}: @example 1. 0 or more REQUIRED inputs :FOO :FROBOZZ 2. 0 or more OPTIONAL inputs [:BAZ 87] [:THINGO 5+9] 3. 0 or 1 REST input [:GARPLY] 4. 0 or 1 DEFAULT number 5 @end example Every procedure has a @var{minimum}, @var{default}, and @var{maximum} number of inputs. (The latter can be infinite.) The @var{minimum} number of inputs is the number of required inputs, which must come first. A required input is indicated by the @example :inputname @end example notation. After all the required inputs can be zero or more optional inputs, each of which is represented by the following notation: @example [:inputname default.value.expression] @end example When the procedure is invoked, if actual inputs are not supplied for these optional inputs, the @var{default value expression}s are evaluated to set values for the corresponding input names. The inputs are processed from left to right, so a default value expression can be based on earlier inputs. Example: @example to proc :inlist [:startvalue first :inlist] @end example If the procedure is invoked by saying @example proc [a b c] @end example then the variable @code{inlist} will have the value @w{@t{[A B C]}} and the variable @code{startvalue} will have the value @t{A}. If the procedure is invoked by saying @example (proc [a b c] "x) @end example then @code{inlist} will have the value @w{@t{[A B C]}} and @code{startvalue} will have the value @t{X}. After all the required and optional input can come a single @dfn{rest} input, represented by the following notation: @example [:inputname] @end example This is a rest input rather than an optional input because there is no default value expression. There can be at most one rest input. When the procedure is invoked, the value of this @var{inputname} will be a list containing all of the actual inputs provided that were not used for required or optional inputs. Example: @example to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3 "baz] [:in4] @end example If this procedure is invoked by saying @example proc "x @end example then @code{in1} has the value @t{X}, @code{in2} has the value @t{FOO}, @code{in3} has the value @t{BAZ}, and @code{in4} has the value @t{[]} (the empty list). If it's invoked by saying @example (proc "a "b "c "d "e) @end example then @code{in1} has the value @t{A}, @code{in2} has the value @t{B}, @code{in3} has the value @t{C}, and @code{in4} has the value @w{@t{[D E]}}. The @emph{maximum} number of inputs for a procedure is infinite if a rest input is given; otherwise, it is the number of required inputs plus the number of optional inputs. The @emph{default} number of inputs for a procedure, which is the number of inputs that it will accept if its invocation is not enclosed in parentheses, is ordinarily equal to the minimum number. If you want a different default number you can indicate that by putting the desired default number as the last thing on the @code{TO} line. example: @example to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3] 3 @end example This procedure has a minimum of one input, a default of three inputs, and an infinite maximum. Logo responds to the @code{TO} command by entering procedure definition mode. The prompt character changes from @code{?} to @code{>} and whatever instructions you type become part of the definition until you type a line containing only the word @code{END}. @node DEFINE, TEXT, TO, PROCEDURE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec define @cindex define @example DEFINE procname text @end example command. Defines a procedure with name @var{procname} and text @var{text}. If there is already a procedure with the same name, the new definition replaces the old one. The @var{text} input must be a list whose members are lists. The first member is a list of inputs; it looks like a @code{TO} line but without the word @code{TO}, without the procedure name, and without the colons before input names. In other words, the members of this first sublist are words for the names of required inputs and lists for the names of optional or rest inputs. The remaining sublists of the @var{text} input make up the body of the procedure, with one sublist for each instruction line of the body. (There is no @code{END} line in the text input.) It is an error to redefine a primitive procedure unless the variable @code{REDEFP} has the value @code{TRUE}. @xref{REDEFP} . @node TEXT, FULLTEXT, DEFINE, PROCEDURE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec text @cindex text @example TEXT procname @end example outputs the text of the procedure named @var{procname} in the form expected by @code{DEFINE}: a list of lists, the first of which describes the inputs to the procedure and the rest of which are the lines of its body. The text does not reflect formatting information used when the procedure was defined, such as continuation lines and extra spaces. @node FULLTEXT, COPYDEF, TEXT, PROCEDURE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec fulltext @cindex fulltext @example FULLTEXT procname @end example outputs a representation of the procedure @var{procname} in which formatting information is preserved. If the procedure was defined with @code{TO}, @code{EDIT}, or @code{LOAD}, then the output is a list of words. Each word represents one entire line of the definition in the form output by @code{READWORD}, including extra spaces and continuation lines. The last member of the output represents the @code{END} line. If the procedure was defined with @code{DEFINE}, then the output is a list of lists. If these lists are printed, one per line, the result will look like a definition using @code{TO}. Note: the output from @code{FULLTEXT} is not suitable for use as input to @code{DEFINE}! @xref{TO} , @ref{EDIT} , @ref{LOAD} , @ref{DEFINE} . @node COPYDEF, , FULLTEXT, PROCEDURE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec copydef @cindex copydef @example COPYDEF newname oldname @end example command. Makes @var{newname} a procedure identical to @var{oldname}. The latter may be a primitive. If @var{newname} was already defined, its previous definition is lost. If @var{newname} was already a primitive, the redefinition is not permitted unless the variable @code{REDEFP} has the value @code{TRUE}. Note: dialects of Logo differ as to the order of inputs to @code{COPYDEF}. This dialect uses "@code{MAKE} order," not "@code{NAME} order." @xref{REDEFP} , @ref{SAVE} , @ref{PO} , @ref{POT} . @node VARIABLE DEFINITION, PROPERTY LISTS, PROCEDURE DEFINITION, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT @section Variable Definition @menu * MAKE:: * NAME:: * LOCAL:: * LOCALMAKE:: * THING:: * GLOBAL:: @end menu @node MAKE, NAME, VARIABLE DEFINITION, VARIABLE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec make @cindex make @example MAKE varname value @end example command. Assigns the value @var{value} to the variable named @var{varname}, which must be a word. Variable names are case-insensitive. If a variable with the same name already exists, the value of that variable is changed. If not, a new global variable is created. @node NAME, LOCAL, MAKE, VARIABLE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec name @cindex name @example NAME value varname (library procedure) @end example command. Same as @code{MAKE} but with the inputs in reverse order. @node LOCAL, LOCALMAKE, NAME, VARIABLE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec local @cindex local @example LOCAL varname LOCAL varnamelist (LOCAL varname1 varname2 ...) @end example command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The variables are local to the currently running procedure. Logo variables follow dynamic scope rules; a variable that is local to a procedure is available to any subprocedure invoked by that procedure. The variables created by @code{LOCAL} have no initial value; they must be assigned a value (e.g., with @code{MAKE}) before the procedure attempts to read their value. @xref{MAKE} . @node LOCALMAKE, THING, LOCAL, VARIABLE DEFINITION @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec localmake @cindex localmake @example LOCALMAKE varname value (library procedure) @end example command. Makes the named variable local, like @code{LOCAL}, and assigns it the given value, like @code{MAKE}. @xref{LOCAL} , @xref{MAKE} . @node THING, GLOBAL, LOCALMAKE, VARIABLE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec thing @cindex thing @example THING varname :quoted.varname @end example outputs the value of the variable whose name is the input. If there is more than one such variable, the innermost local variable of that name is chosen. The colon notation is an abbreviation not for @code{THING} but for the combination @example thing " @end example so that @w{@t{:FOO}} means @w{@t{THING "FOO}}. @node GLOBAL, , THING, VARIABLE DEFINITION @unnumberedsubsec global @cindex global @example GLOBAL varname GLOBAL varnamelist (GLOBAL varname1 varname2 ...) @end example command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A global variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The only reason this is necessary is that you might want to use the "setter" notation @code{SETXYZ} for a variable @code{XYZ} that does not already have a value; @w{@t{GLOBAL "XYZ}} makes that legal. Note: If there is currently a local variable of the same name, this command does *not* make Logo use the global value instead of the local one. @node PROPERTY LISTS, WORKSPACE PREDICATES, VARIABLE DEFINITION, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT @section Property Lists Note: Names of property lists are always case-insensitive. Names of individual properties are case-sensitive or case-insensitive depending on the value of @code{CASEIGNOREDP}, which is @code{TRUE} by default. @xref{CASEIGNOREDP} . In principle, every possible name is the name of a property list, which is initially empty. So Logo never gives a "no such property list" error, as it would for undefined procedure or variable names. But the primitive procedures that deal with "all" property lists (@code{CONTENTS}, @code{PLISTS}, etc.) list only nonempty ones. To "erase" a property list @ref{ERASE} means to make it empty, removing all properties from it. @menu * PPROP:: * GPROP:: * REMPROP:: * PLIST:: @end menu @node PPROP, GPROP, PROPERTY LISTS, PROPERTY LISTS @unnumberedsubsec pprop @cindex pprop @example PPROP plistname propname value @end example command. Adds a property to the @var{plistname} property list with name @var{propname} and value @var{value}. @node GPROP, REMPROP, PPROP, PROPERTY LISTS @unnumberedsubsec gprop @cindex gprop @example GPROP plistname propname @end example outputs the value of the @var{propname} property in the @var{plistname} property list, or the empty list if there is no such property. @node REMPROP, PLIST, GPROP, PROPERTY LISTS @unnumberedsubsec remprop @cindex remprop @example REMPROP plistname propname @end example command. Removes the property named @var{propname} from the property list named @var{plistname}. @node PLIST, , REMPROP, PROPERTY LISTS @unnumberedsubsec plist @cindex plist @example PLIST plistname @end example outputs a list whose odd-numbered members are the names, and whose even-numbered members are the values, of the properties in the property list named @var{plistname}. The output is a copy of the actual property list; changing properties later will not magically change a list output earlier by @code{PLIST}. @node WORKSPACE PREDICATES, WORKSPACE QUERIES, PROPERTY LISTS, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT @section Workspace Predicates @menu * PROCEDUREP:: * PRIMITIVEP:: * DEFINEDP:: * NAMEP:: * PLISTP:: @end menu @node PROCEDUREP, PRIMITIVEP, WORKSPACE PREDICATES, WORKSPACE PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec procedurep @cindex procedurep @cindex procedure? @example PROCEDUREP name PROCEDURE? name @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is the name of a procedure. @node PRIMITIVEP, DEFINEDP, PROCEDUREP, WORKSPACE PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec primitivep @cindex primitivep @cindex primitive? @example PRIMITIVEP name PRIMITIVE? name @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is the name of a primitive procedure (one built into Logo). Note that some of the procedures described in this document are library procedures, not primitives. @node DEFINEDP, NAMEP, PRIMITIVEP, WORKSPACE PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec definedp @cindex definedp @cindex defined? @example DEFINEDP name DEFINED? name @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is the name of a user-defined procedure, including a library procedure. @node NAMEP, PLISTP, DEFINEDP, WORKSPACE PREDICATES @unnumberedsubsec namep @cindex namep @cindex name? @example NAMEP name NAME? name @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is the name of a variable. @node PLISTP, , NAMEP, WORKSPACE PREDICATES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec plistp @cindex plistp @cindex plist? @example PLISTP name PLIST? name @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the input is the name of a @emph{nonempty} property list. (In principle every word is the name of a property list; if you haven't put any properties in it, @code{PLIST} of that name outputs an empty list, rather than giving an error message.) @node WORKSPACE QUERIES, WORKSPACE INSPECTION, WORKSPACE PREDICATES, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT @section Workspace Queries @menu * CONTENTS:: * BURIED:: * TRACED:: * STEPPED:: * PROCEDURES:: * PRIMITIVES:: * NAMES:: * PLISTS:: * NAMELIST:: * PLLIST:: * ARITY:: * NODES:: @end menu Note: All procedures whose input is indicated as @var{contentslist} will accept a single word (taken as a procedure name), a list of words (taken as names of procedures), or a list of three lists as described under the @code{CONTENTS} command above. @node CONTENTS, BURIED, WORKSPACE QUERIES, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec contents @cindex contents @example CONTENTS @end example outputs a "contents list," i.e., a list of three lists containing names of defined procedures, variables, and property lists respectively. This list includes all unburied named items in the workspace. @node BURIED, TRACED, CONTENTS, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec buried @cindex buried @example BURIED @end example outputs a contents list including all buried named items in the workspace. @node TRACED, STEPPED, BURIED, WORKSPACE QUERIES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec traced @cindex traced @example TRACED @end example outputs a contents list including all traced named items in the workspace. @node STEPPED, PROCEDURES, TRACED, WORKSPACE QUERIES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec stepped @cindex stepped @example STEPPED @end example outputs a contents list including all stepped named items in the workspace. @node PROCEDURES, PRIMITIVES, STEPPED, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec procedures @cindex procedures @example PROCEDURES @end example outputs a list of the names of all unburied user-defined procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.) @node PRIMITIVES, NAMES, PROCEDURES, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec primitives @cindex primitives @example PRIMITIVES @end example outputs a list of the names of all primitive procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.) @node NAMES, PLISTS, PRIMITIVES, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec names @cindex names @example NAMES @end example outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list (indicating no procedure names) followed by a list of all unburied variable names in the workspace. @node PLISTS, NAMELIST, NAMES, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec plists @cindex plists @example PLISTS @end example outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists (indicating no procedures or variables) followed by a list of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace. @node NAMELIST, PLLIST, PLISTS, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec namelist @cindex namelist @example NAMELIST varname (library procedure) NAMELIST varnamelist @end example outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input. @node PLLIST, ARITY, NAMELIST, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec pllist @cindex pllist @example PLLIST plname (library procedure) PLLIST plnamelist @end example outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input. @xref{CONTENTS} . @node ARITY, NODES, PLLIST, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec arity @cindex arity @example ARITY procedurename @end example outputs a list of three numbers: the minimum, default, and maximum number of inputs for the procedure whose name is the input. It is an error if there is no such procedure. A maximum of -1 means that the number of inputs is unlimited. @node NODES, , ARITY, WORKSPACE QUERIES @unnumberedsubsec nodes @cindex nodes @example NODES @end example outputs a list of two numbers. The first represents the number of nodes of memory currently in use. The second shows the maximum number of nodes that have been in use at any time since the last invocation of @code{NODES}. (A node is a small block of computer memory as used by Logo. Each number uses one node. Each non-numeric word uses one node, plus some non-node memory for the characters in the word. Each array takes one node, plus some non-node memory, as well as the memory required by its elements. Each list requires one node per element, as well as the memory within the elements.) If you want to track the memory use of an algorithm, it is best if you invoke @code{GC} at the beginning of each iteration, since otherwise the maximum will include storage that is unused but not yet collected. @node WORKSPACE INSPECTION, WORKSPACE CONTROL, WORKSPACE QUERIES, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT @section Workspace Inspection @menu * PO:: * POALL:: * POPS:: * PONS:: * POPLS:: * PON:: * POPL:: * POT:: * POTS:: @end menu @node PO, POALL, WORKSPACE INSPECTION, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec po @cindex printout @cindex po @example PRINTOUT contentslist PO contentslist @end example command. Prints to the write stream the definitions of all procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input contents list. @node POALL, POPS, PO, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec poall @cindex poall @example POALL (library procedure) @end example command. Prints all unburied definitions in the workspace. Abbreviates @w{@t{PO CONTENTS}}. @xref{CONTENTS} . @node POPS, PONS, POALL, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec pops @cindex pops @example POPS (library procedure) @end example command. Prints the definitions of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates @w{@t{PO PROCEDURES}}. @xref{PO} , @ref{PROCEDURES} . @node PONS, POPLS, POPS, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec pons @cindex pons @example PONS (library procedure) @end example command. Prints the definitions of all unburied variables in the workspace. Abbreviates @w{@t{PO NAMES}}. @xref{PO} , @ref{NAMES} . @node POPLS, PON, PONS, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec popls @cindex popls @example POPLS (library procedure) @end example command. Prints the contents of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace. Abbreviates @w{@t{PO PLISTS}}. @xref{PO} , @ref{PLISTS} . @node PON, POPL, POPLS, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec pon @cindex pon @example PON varname (library procedure) PON varnamelist @end example command. Prints the definitions of the named variable(s). @* Abbreviates @w{@t{PO NAMELIST varname(list)}}. @xref{PO} , @ref{NAMELIST} . @node POPL, POT, PON, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec popl @cindex popl @example POPL plname (library procedure) POPL plnamelist @end example command. Prints the definitions of the named property list(s). @* Abbreviates @w{@t{PO PLLIST plname(list)}}. @xref{PO} , @ref{PLLIST} . @node POT, POTS, POPL, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec pot @cindex pot @example POT contentslist @end example command. Prints the title lines of the named procedures and the definitions of the named variables and property lists. For property lists, the entire list is shown on one line instead of as a series of @code{PPROP} instructions as in @code{PO}. @xref{PPROP} , @ref{PO} . @node POTS, , POT, WORKSPACE INSPECTION @unnumberedsubsec pots @cindex pots @example POTS (library procedure) @end example command. Prints the title lines of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates @w{@t{POT PROCEDURES}}. @xref{PROCEDURES} . @node WORKSPACE CONTROL, , WORKSPACE INSPECTION, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT @section Workspace Control @menu * ERASE:: * ERALL:: * ERPS:: * ERNS:: * ERPLS:: * ERN:: * ERPL:: * BURY:: * BURYALL:: * BURYNAME:: * UNBURY:: * UNBURYALL:: * UNBURYNAME:: * BURIEDP:: * TRACE:: * UNTRACE:: * TRACEDP:: * STEP:: * UNSTEP:: * STEPPEDP:: * EDIT:: * EDITFILE:: * EDALL:: * EDPS:: * EDNS:: * EDPLS:: * EDN:: * EDPL:: * SAVE:: * SAVEL:: * LOAD:: * CSLSLOAD:: * HELP:: * SETEDITOR:: * SETLIBLOC:: * SETHELPLOC:: * SETCSLSLOC:: * SETTEMPLOC:: * GC:: * .SETSEGMENTSIZE:: @end menu @node ERASE, ERALL, WORKSPACE CONTROL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec erase @cindex erase @cindex er @example ERASE contentslist ER contentslist @end example command. Erases from the workspace the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. Primitive procedures may not be erased unless the variable @code{REDEFP} has the value @code{TRUE}. @xref{REDEFP} . @node ERALL, ERPS, ERASE, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec erall @cindex erall @example ERALL @end example command. Erases all unburied procedures, variables, and property lists from the workspace. Abbreviates @w{@t{ERASE CONTENTS}}. @xref{CONTENTS} . @node ERPS, ERNS, ERALL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec erps @cindex erps @example ERPS @end example command. Erases all unburied procedures from the workspace. @* Abbreviates @w{@t{ERASE PROCEDURES}}. @xref{ERASE} , @ref{PROCEDURES} . @node ERNS, ERPLS, ERPS, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec erns @cindex erns @example ERNS @end example command. Erases all unburied variables from the workspace. Abbreviates @w{@t{ERASE NAMES}}. @xref{ERASE} , @ref{NAMES} . @node ERPLS, ERN, ERNS, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec erpls @cindex erpls @example ERPLS @end example command. Erases all unburied property lists from the workspace. @* Abbreviates @w{@t{ERASE PLISTS}}. @xref{ERASE} , @ref{PLISTS} . @node ERN, ERPL, ERPLS, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec ern @cindex ern @example ERN varname (library procedure) ERN varnamelist @end example command. Erases from the workspace the variable(s) named in the input. Abbreviates @w{@t{ERASE NAMELIST @var{varname(list)}}}. @xref{ERASE} , @ref{NAMELIST} . @node ERPL, BURY, ERN, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec erpl @cindex erpl @example ERPL plname (library procedure) ERPL plnamelist @end example command. Erases from the workspace the property list(s) named in the input. Abbreviates @w{@t{ERASE PLLIST @var{plname(list)}}}. @xref{ERASE} , @ref{PLLIST} . @node BURY, BURYALL, ERPL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec bury @cindex bury @example BURY contentslist @end example command. Buries the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. A buried item is not included in the lists output by @code{CONTENTS}, @code{PROCEDURES}, @code{VARIABLES}, and @code{PLISTS}, but is included in the list output by @code{BURIED}. By implication, buried things are not printed by @code{POALL} or saved by @code{SAVE}. @xref{CONTENTS} , @ref{PROCEDURES} , @ref{PONS} , @ref{PLISTS} , @ref{POALL} , @ref{SAVE} . @node BURYALL, BURYNAME, BURY, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec buryall @cindex buryall @example BURYALL (library procedure) @end example command. Abbreviates @t{BURY CONTENTS}. @xref{CONTENTS} . @node BURYNAME, UNBURY, BURYALL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec buryname @cindex buryname @example BURYNAME varname (library procedure) BURYNAME varnamelist @end example command. Abbreviates @t{BURY NAMELIST @code{varname(list)}}. @xref{BURY} , @ref{NAMELIST} . @node UNBURY, UNBURYALL, BURYNAME, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec unbury @cindex unbury @example UNBURY contentslist @end example command. Unburies the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. That is, the named items will be returned to view in @code{CONTENTS}, etc. @xref{CONTENTS} . @node UNBURYALL, UNBURYNAME, UNBURY, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec unburyall @cindex unburyall @example UNBURYALL (library procedure) @end example command. Abbreviates @t{UNBURY BURIED}. @xref{BURIED} . @node UNBURYNAME, BURIEDP, UNBURYALL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec unburyname @cindex unburyname @example UNBURYNAME varname (library procedure) UNBURYNAME varnamelist @end example command. Abbreviates @t{UNBURY NAMELIST @var{varname(list)}}. @xref{UNBURY} , @ref{NAMELIST} . @node BURIEDP, TRACE, UNBURYNAME, WORKSPACE CONTROL @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec buriedp @cindex buriedp @cindex buried? @example BURIEDP contentslist BURIED? contentslist @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is buried, @code{FALSE} if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can @code{BURIEDP [[] [@var{variable}]]} or @code{BURIEDP [[] [] [@var{proplist}]]}. @node TRACE, UNTRACE, BURIEDP, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec trace @cindex trace @example TRACE contentslist @end example command. Marks the named items for tracing. A message is printed whenever a traced procedure is invoked, giving the actual input values, and whenever a traced procedure @code{STOP}s or @code{OUTPUT}s. A message is printed whenever a new value is assigned to a traced variable using @code{MAKE}. A message is printed whenever a new property is given to a traced property list using @code{PPROP}. @xref{STOP} , @ref{OUTPUT} , @ref{MAKE} , @ref{PPROP} . @node UNTRACE, TRACEDP, TRACE, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec untrace @cindex untrace @example UNTRACE contentslist @end example command. Turns off tracing for the named items. @node TRACEDP, STEP, UNTRACE, WORKSPACE CONTROL @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec tracedp @cindex tracedp @cindex traced? @example TRACEDP contentslist TRACED? contentslist @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is traced, @code{FALSE} if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can @code{TRACEDP [[] [@var{variable}]]} or @code{TRACEDP [[] [] [@var{proplist}]]}. @node STEP, UNSTEP, TRACEDP, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec step @cindex step @example STEP contentslist @end example command. Marks the named items for stepping. Whenever a stepped procedure is invoked, each instruction line in the procedure body is printed before being executed, and Logo waits for the user to type a newline at the terminal. A message is printed whenever a stepped variable name is @dfn{shadowed} because a local variable of the same name is created either as a procedure input or by the @code{LOCAL} command. @xref{LOCAL} . @node UNSTEP, STEPPEDP, STEP, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec unstep @cindex unstep @example UNSTEP contentslist @end example command. Turns off stepping for the named items. @node STEPPEDP, EDIT, UNSTEP, WORKSPACE CONTROL @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec steppedp @cindex steppedp @cindex stepped? @example STEPPEDP contentslist STEPPED? contentslist @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is stepped, @code{FALSE} if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can @code{STEPPEDP [[] [@var{variable}]]} or @code{STEPPEDP [[] [] [@var{proplist}]]}. @node EDIT, EDITFILE, STEPPEDP, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec edit @cindex editor @cindex temp @cindex edit @cindex ed @example EDIT contentslist ED contentslist (EDIT) (ED) @end example command. If invoked with an input, @code{EDIT} writes the definitions of the named items into a temporary file and edits that file, using an editor that depends on the platform you're using. In wxWidgets, and in the MacOS Classic version, there is an editor built into Logo. In the non-wxWidgets versions for Unix, MacOS X, Windows, and DOS, Logo uses your favorite editor as determined by the @env{EDITOR} environment variable. If you don't have an @env{EDITOR} variable, edits the definitions using @command{jove}. If invoked without an input, @code{EDIT} edits the same file left over from a previous @code{EDIT} or @code{EDITFILE} instruction. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised definitions and modifies the workspace accordingly. It is not an error if the input includes names for which there is no previous definition. If there is a variable @code{LOADNOISILY} whose value is @code{TRUE}, then, after leaving the editor, @code{TO} commands in the temporary file print @samp{@var{procname} defined} (where @var{procname} is the name of the procedure being defined); if @code{LOADNOISILY} is @code{FALSE} or undefined, @code{TO} commands in the file are carried out silently. If there is an environment variable called @env{TEMP}, then Logo uses its value as the directory in which to write the temporary file used for editing. Exceptionally, the @code{EDIT} command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. @xref{LOADNOISILY} , @xref{EDITFILE} . @node EDITFILE, EDALL, EDIT, WORKSPACE CONTROL @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec editfile @cindex editfile @example EDITFILE filename @end example command. Starts the Logo editor, like @code{EDIT}, but instead of editing a temporary file it edits the file specified by the input. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised file, as for @code{EDIT}. @code{EDITFILE} also remembers the filename, so that a subsequent @code{EDIT} command with no input will re-edit the same file. @code{EDITFILE} is intended as an alternative to @code{LOAD} and @code{SAVE}. You can maintain a workspace file yourself, controlling the order in which definitions appear, maintaining comments in the file, and so on. In the wxWidgets version, @code{EDITFILE} asks whether or not you want to load the file into Logo when you finish editing. This allows you to use @code{EDITFILE} to edit data files without leaving Logo. @node EDALL, EDPS, EDITFILE, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec edall @cindex edall @example EDALL (library procedure) @end example command. Abbreviates @t{EDIT CONTENTS}. @xref{CONTENTS} . @node EDPS, EDNS, EDALL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec edps @cindex edps @example EDPS (library procedure) @end example command. Abbreviates @t{EDIT PROCEDURES}. @xref{EDIT} , @ref{PROCEDURES} . @node EDNS, EDPLS, EDPS, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec edns @cindex edns @example EDNS (library procedure) @end example command. Abbreviates @t{EDIT NAMES}. @xref{EDIT} , @ref{NAMES} . @node EDPLS, EDN, EDNS, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec edpls @cindex edpls @example EDPLS (library procedure) @end example command. Abbreviates @t{EDIT PLISTS}. @xref{EDIT} , @ref{PLISTS} . @node EDN, EDPL, EDPLS, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec edn @cindex edn @example EDN varname (library procedure) EDN varnamelist @end example command. Abbreviates @t{EDIT NAMELIST @var{varname(list)}}. @xref{EDIT} , @ref{NAMELIST} . @node EDPL, SAVE, EDN, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec edpl @cindex edpl @example EDPL plname (library procedure) EDPL plnamelist @end example command. Abbreviates @t{EDIT PLLIST @var{plname(list)}}. @xref{EDIT} , @ref{PLLIST} . @node SAVE, SAVEL, EDPL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec save @cindex save @example SAVE filename @end example command. Saves the definitions of all unburied procedures, variables, and nonempty property lists in the named file. Equivalent to @example to save :filename local "oldwriter make "oldwriter writer openwrite :filename setwrite :filename poall setwrite :oldwriter close :filename end @end example Exceptionally, @code{SAVE} can be used with no input and without parentheses if it is the last thing on the command line. In this case, the filename from the most recent @code{LOAD} or @code{SAVE} command will be used. (It is an error if there has been no previous @code{LOAD} or @code{SAVE}.) @node SAVEL, LOAD, SAVE, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec savel @cindex savel @example SAVEL contentslist filename (library procedure) @end example command. Saves the definitions of the procedures, variables, and property lists specified by @var{contentslist} to the file named @var{filename}. @node LOAD, CSLSLOAD, SAVEL, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec load @cindex load @example LOAD filename @end example command. Reads instructions from the named file and executes them. The file can include procedure definitions with @code{TO}, and these are accepted even if a procedure by the same name already exists. If the file assigns a list value to a variable named @code{STARTUP}, then that list is run as an instructionlist after the file is loaded. If there is a variable @code{LOADNOISILY} whose value is @code{TRUE}, then @code{TO} commands in the file print @samp{@var{procname} defined} (where @var{procname} is the name of the procedure being defined); if @code{LOADNOISILY} is @code{FALSE} or undefined, @code{TO} commands in the file are carried out silently. @xref{STARTUP} , @xref{LOADNOISILY} . @node CSLSLOAD, HELP, LOAD, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec cslsload @cindex cslsload @example CSLSLOAD name @end example command. Loads the named file, like @code{LOAD}, but from the directory containing the Computer Science Logo Style programs instead of the current user's directory. @xref{LOAD} . @node HELP, SETEDITOR, CSLSLOAD, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec help @cindex logohelp @cindex help @example HELP name (HELP) @end example command. Prints information from the reference manual about the primitive procedure named by the input. With no input, lists all the primitives about which help is available. If there is an environment variable @env{LOGOHELP}, then its value is taken as the directory in which to look for help files, instead of the default help directory. If @code{HELP} is called with the name of a defined procedure for which there is no help file, it will print the title line of the procedure followed by lines from the procedure body that start with semicolon, stopping when a non-semicolon line is seen. Exceptionally, the @code{HELP} command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. @node SETEDITOR, SETLIBLOC, HELP, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec seteditor @cindex seteditor @example SETEDITOR path @end example command. Tells Logo to use the specified program as its editor instead of the default editor. The format of a path depends on your operating system. @node SETLIBLOC, SETCSLSLOC, SETEDITOR, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setlibloc @cindex setlibloc @example SETLIBLOC path @end example command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory as its library instead of the default. (Note that many Logo "primitive" procedures are actually found in the library, so they may become unavailable if your new library does not include them!) The format of a path depends on your operating system. @node SETCSLSLOC, SETHELPLOC, SETLIBLOC, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec setcslsloc @cindex setcslsloc @example SETCSLSLOC path @end example command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory for the @code{CSLSLOAD} command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system. @xref{CSLSLOAD} . @node SETHELPLOC, SETTEMPLOC, SETCSLSLOC, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec sethelploc @cindex sethelploc @example SETHELPLOC path @end example command. Tells Logo to look in the specified directory for the information provided by the HELP command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system. @node SETTEMPLOC, GC, SETHELPLOC, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec settemploc @cindex settemploc @example SETTEMPLOC path @end example command. Tells Logo to write editor temporary files in the specified directory rather than in the default directory. You must have write permission for this directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system. @node GC, .SETSEGMENTSIZE, SETTEMPLOC, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec gc @cindex gc @example GC (GC anything) @end example command. Runs the garbage collector, reclaiming unused nodes. Logo does this when necessary anyway, but you may want to use this command to control exactly when Logo does it. In particular, the numbers output by the @code{NODES} operation will not be very meaningful unless garbage has been collected. Another reason to use @code{GC} is that a garbage collection takes a noticeable fraction of a second, and you may want to schedule collections for times before or after some time-critical animation. If invoked with an argument (of any value), @code{GC} runs a full garbage collection, including @acronym{GCTWA} (Garbage Collect Truly Worthless Atoms, which means that it removes from Logo's memory words that used to be procedure or variable names but aren't any more); without an argument, @code{GC} does a generational garbage collection, which means that only recently created nodes are examined. (The latter is usually good enough.) @node .SETSEGMENTSIZE, , GC, WORKSPACE CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec .setsegmentsize @cindex .setsegmentsize @example .SETSEGMENTSIZE num @end example command. Sets the number of nodes that Logo allocates from the operating system at once to @var{num}, which must be a positive integer. The name is dotted because bad things will happen if you use a number that's too small or too large for your computer. The initial value is 16,000 for most systems, but is smaller for 68000-based Macs. Making it larger will speed up computations (by reducing the number of garbage collections) at the cost of allocating more memory than necessary. @node CONTROL STRUCTURES, MACROS, WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT, Top @chapter Control Structures @menu * CONTROL:: * TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION:: @end menu @node CONTROL, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION, CONTROL STRUCTURES, CONTROL STRUCTURES @section Control Note: in the following descriptions, an @dfn{instructionlist} can be a list or a word. In the latter case, the word is parsed into list form before it is run. Thus, @w{@t{RUN READWORD}} or @w{@t{RUN READLIST}} will work. The former is slightly preferable because it allows for a continued line (with @code{~}) that includes a comment (with @code{;}) on the first line. A @var{tf} input must be the word @code{TRUE}, the word @code{FALSE}, or a list. If it's a list, then it must be a Logo expression, which will be evaluated to produce a value that must be @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. The comparisons with @code{TRUE} and @code{FALSE} are always case-insensitive. A runlist can consist of either a single expression (that produces a value) or zero or more instructions (that do something, rather than output a value), depending on the context: @example PRINT IFELSE :X<0 ["NEGATIVE] ["POSITIVE] ; one value in each case REPEAT 4 [PRINT "A PRINT "B] ; two instructions @end example @menu * RUN:: * RUNRESULT:: * REPEAT:: * FOREVER:: * REPCOUNT:: * IF:: * IFELSE:: * TEST:: * IFTRUE:: * IFFALSE:: * STOP:: * OUTPUT:: * CATCH:: * THROW:: * ERROR:: * PAUSE:: * CONTINUE:: * WAIT:: * BYE:: * dMAYBEOUTPUT:: MAYBEOUTPUT * GOTO:: * TAG:: * IGNORE:: * back-quote:: * FOR:: * DOdWHILE:: DO.WHILE * WHILE:: * DOdUNTIL:: DO.UNTIL * UNTIL:: * CASE:: * COND:: @end menu @node RUN, RUNRESULT, CONTROL, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec run @cindex run @example RUN instructionlist @end example command or operation. Runs the Logo instructions in the input list; outputs if the list contains an expression that outputs. @xref{READWORD} , @ref{READLIST} . @node RUNRESULT, REPEAT, RUN, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec runresult @cindex runresult @example RUNRESULT instructionlist @end example runs the instructions in the input; outputs an empty list if those instructions produce no output, or a list whose only member is the output from running the input instructionlist. Useful for inventing command-or-operation control structures: @example local "result make "result runresult [something] if emptyp :result [stop] output first :result @end example @node REPEAT, FOREVER, RUNRESULT, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec repeat @cindex repeat @example REPEAT num instructionlist @end example command. Runs the @var{instructionlist} repeatedly, @var{num} times. @node FOREVER, REPCOUNT, REPEAT, CONTROL @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec forever @cindex forever @example FOREVER instructionlist @end example command. Runs the "instructionlist" repeatedly, until something inside the instructionlist (such as @code{STOP} or @code{THROW}) makes it stop. @xref{STOP} , @xref{THROW} . @node REPCOUNT, IF, FOREVER, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec repcount @cindex repcount @example REPCOUNT @end example outputs the repetition count of the innermost current @code{REPEAT} or @code{FOREVER}, starting from 1. If no @code{REPEAT} or @code{FOREVER} is active, outputs --1. The abbreviation @code{#} can be used for @code{REPCOUNT} unless the @code{REPEAT} is inside the template input to a higher order procedure such as @code{FOREACH}, in which case @code{#} has a different meaning. @node IF, IFELSE, REPCOUNT, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec if @cindex if @example IF tf instructionlist (IF tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2) @end example command. If the first input has the value @code{TRUE}, then @code{IF} runs the second input. If the first input has the value @code{FALSE}, then @code{IF} does nothing. (If given a third input, IF acts like @code{IFELSE}, as described below.) It is an error if the first input is not either @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. For compatibility with earlier versions of Logo, if an @code{IF} instruction is not enclosed in parentheses, but the first thing on the instruction line after the second input expression is a literal list (i.e., a list in square brackets), the @code{IF} is treated as if it were @code{IFELSE}, but a warning message is given. If this aberrant @code{IF} appears in a procedure body, the warning is given only the first time the procedure is invoked in each Logo session. @node IFELSE, TEST, IF, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec ifelse @cindex ifelse @example IFELSE tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2 @end example command or operation. If the first input has the value @code{TRUE}, then @code{IFELSE} runs the second input. If the first input has the value @code{FALSE}, then @code{IFELSE} runs the third input. @code{IFELSE} outputs a value if the @var{instructionlist} contains an expression that outputs a value. @node TEST, IFTRUE, IFELSE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec test @cindex test @example TEST tf @end example command. Remembers its input, which must be @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}, for use by later @code{IFTRUE} or @code{IFFALSE} instructions. The effect of @code{TEST} is local to the procedure in which it is used; any corresponding @code{IFTRUE} or @code{IFFALSE} must be in the same procedure or a subprocedure. @xref{IFFALSE} . @node IFTRUE, IFFALSE, TEST, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec iftrue @cindex iftrue @cindex ift @example IFTRUE instructionlist IFT instructionlist @end example command. Runs its input if the most recent @code{TEST} instruction had a @code{TRUE} input. The @code{TEST} must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure. @node IFFALSE, STOP, IFTRUE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec iffalse @cindex iffalse @cindex iff @example IFFALSE instructionlist IFF instructionlist @end example command. Runs its input if the most recent @code{TEST} instruction had a @code{FALSE} input. The @code{TEST} must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure. @xref{TEST} . @node STOP, OUTPUT, IFFALSE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec stop @cindex stop @example STOP @end example command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. Control is returned to the context in which that procedure was invoked. The stopped procedure does not output a value. @node OUTPUT, CATCH, STOP, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec output @cindex output @cindex op @example OUTPUT value OP value @end example command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. That procedure outputs the value @var{value} to the context in which it was invoked. Don't be confused: @code{OUTPUT} itself is a command, but the procedure that invokes @code{OUTPUT} is an operation. @node CATCH, THROW, OUTPUT, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec catch @cindex catch @example CATCH tag instructionlist @end example command or operation. Runs its second input. Outputs if that @var{instructionlist} outputs. If, while running the instructionlist, a @code{THROW} instruction is executed with a tag equal to the first input (case-insensitive comparison), then the running of the @var{instructionlist} is terminated immediately. In this case the @code{CATCH} outputs if a value input is given to @code{THROW}. The @var{tag} must be a word. If the tag is the word @code{ERROR}, then any error condition that arises during the running of the instructionlist has the effect of @w{@t{THROW "ERROR}} instead of printing an error message and returning to toplevel. The @code{CATCH} does not output if an error is caught. Also, during the running of the instructionlist, the variable @code{ERRACT} is temporarily unbound. (If there is an error while @code{ERRACT} has a value, that value is taken as an instructionlist to be run after printing the error message. Typically the value of @code{ERRACT}, if any, is the list @code{[PAUSE]}.) @xref{ERROR} , @ref{ERRACT} , @ref{PAUSE} . @node THROW, ERROR, CATCH, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec throw @cindex throw @example THROW tag (THROW tag value) @end example command. Must be used within the scope of a @code{CATCH} with an equal tag. Ends the running of the instructionlist of the @code{CATCH}. If @code{THROW} is used with only one input, the corresponding @code{CATCH} does not output a value. If @code{THROW} is used with two inputs, the second provides an output for the @code{CATCH}. @w{@t{THROW "TOPLEVEL}} can be used to terminate all running procedures and interactive pauses, and return to the toplevel instruction prompt. Typing the system interrupt character (@key{alt-S} for wxWidgets; otherwise normally @key{control-C} for Unix, @key{control-Q} for DOS, or @key{command-period} for Mac) has the same effect. @w{@t{THROW "ERROR}} can be used to generate an error condition. If the error is not caught, it prints a message (@w{@code{THROW "ERROR}}) with the usual indication of where the error (in this case the @code{THROW}) occurred. If a second input is used along with a tag of @code{ERROR}, that second input is used as the text of the error message instead of the standard message. Also, in this case, the location indicated for the error will be, not the location of the @code{THROW}, but the location where the procedure containing the @code{THROW} was invoked. This allows user-defined procedures to generate error messages as if they were primitives. Note: in this case the corresponding @w{@t{CATCH "ERROR}}, if any, does not output, since the second input to @code{THROW} is not considered a return value. @w{@t{THROW "SYSTEM}} immediately leaves Logo, returning to the operating system, without printing the usual parting message and without deleting any editor temporary file written by EDIT. @xref{EDIT} . @node ERROR, PAUSE, THROW, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec error @cindex error @example ERROR @end example outputs a list describing the error just caught, if any. If there was not an error caught since the last use of @code{ERROR}, the empty list will be output. The error list contains four members: an integer code corresponding to the type of error, the text of the error message (as a single word including spaces), the name of the procedure in which the error occurred, and the instruction line on which the error occurred. @node PAUSE, CONTINUE, ERROR, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec pause @cindex pause @example PAUSE @end example command or operation. Enters an interactive pause. The user is prompted for instructions, as at toplevel, but with a prompt that includes the name of the procedure in which @code{PAUSE} was invoked. Local variables of that procedure are available during the pause. @code{PAUSE} outputs if the pause is ended by a @code{CONTINUE} with an input. If the variable @code{ERRACT} exists, and an error condition occurs, the contents of that variable are run as an instructionlist. Typically @code{ERRACT} is given the value @code{[PAUSE]} so that an interactive pause will be entered in the event of an error. This allows the user to check values of local variables at the time of the error. Typing the system quit character (@key{alt-S} for wxWidgets; otherwise normally @key{control-\} for Unix, @key{control-W} for DOS, or @key{command-comma} for Mac) will also enter a pause. @xref{ERRACT} . @node CONTINUE, WAIT, PAUSE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec continue @cindex continue @cindex co @example CONTINUE value CO value (CONTINUE) (CO) @end example command. Ends the current interactive pause, returning to the context of the @code{PAUSE} invocation that began it. If @code{CONTINUE} is given an input, that value is used as the output from the @code{PAUSE}. If not, the @code{PAUSE} does not output. Exceptionally, the @code{CONTINUE} command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line. @node WAIT, BYE, CONTINUE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec wait @cindex wait @example WAIT time @end example command. Delays further execution for @var{time} 60ths of a second. Also causes any buffered characters destined for the terminal to be printed immediately. @w{@t{WAIT 0}} can be used to achieve this buffer flushing without actually waiting. @node BYE, dMAYBEOUTPUT, WAIT, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec bye @cindex bye @example BYE @end example command. Exits from Logo; returns to the operating system. @node dMAYBEOUTPUT, GOTO, BYE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec .maybeoutput @cindex .maybeoutput @example .MAYBEOUTPUT value (special form) @end example works like @code{OUTPUT} except that the expression that provides the input value might not, in fact, output a value, in which case the effect is like @code{STOP}. This is intended for use in control structure definitions, for cases in which you don't know whether or not some expression produces a value. Example: @example to invoke :function [:inputs] 2 .maybeoutput apply :function :inputs end ? (invoke "print "a "b "c) a b c ? print (invoke "word "a "b "c) abc @end example This is an alternative to @code{RUNRESULT}. It's fast and easy to use, at the cost of being an exception to Logo's evaluation rules. (Ordinarily, it should be an error if the expression that's supposed to provide an input to something doesn't have a value.) @xref{OUTPUT} , @ref{STOP} , @ref{RUNRESULT} . @node GOTO, TAG, dMAYBEOUTPUT, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec goto @cindex goto @example GOTO word @end example command. Looks for a @code{TAG} command with the same input in the same procedure, and continues running the procedure from the location of that @code{TAG}. It is meaningless to use @code{GOTO} outside of a procedure. @node TAG, IGNORE, GOTO, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec tag @cindex tag @example TAG quoted.word @end example command. Does nothing. The input must be a literal word following a quotation mark (@code{"}), not the result of a computation. Tags are used by the @code{GOTO} command. @node IGNORE, back-quote, TAG, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec ignore @cindex ignore @example IGNORE value (library procedure) @end example command. Does nothing. Used when an expression is evaluated for a side effect and its actual value is unimportant. @node back-quote, FOR, IGNORE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec ` @cindex ` @example ` list (library procedure) @end example outputs a list equal to its input but with certain substitutions. If a member of the input list is the word @samp{,} (comma) then the following member should be an instructionlist that produces an output when run. That output value replaces the comma and the instructionlist. If a member of the input list is the word @samp{,@@} (comma atsign) then the following member should be an instructionlist that outputs a list when run. The members of that list replace the @samp{,@@} and the instructionlist. Example: @example show `[foo baz ,[bf [a b c]] garply ,@@[bf [a b c]]] @end example will print @example [foo baz [b c] garply b c] @end example A word starting with @samp{,} or @samp{,@@} is treated as if the rest of the word were a one-word list, e.g., @samp{,:foo} is equivalent to @samp{,[:Foo]}. A word starting with @samp{",} (quote comma) or @samp{:,} (colon comma) becomes a word starting with @samp{"} or @samp{:} but with the result of running the substitution (or its first word, if the result is a list) replacing what comes after the comma. Backquotes can be nested. Substitution is done only for commas at the same depth as the backquote in which they are found: @example ? show `[a `[b ,[1+2] ,[foo ,[1+3] d] e] f] [a ` [b , [1+2] , [foo 4 d] e] f] ?make "name1 "x ?make "name2 "y ? show `[a `[b ,:,:name1 ,",:name2 d] e] [a ` [b , [:x] , ["y] d] e] @end example @node FOR, DOdWHILE, back-quote, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec for @cindex for @example FOR forcontrol instructionlist (library procedure) @end example command. The first input must be a list containing three or four members: (1) a word, which will be used as the name of a local variable; (2) a word or list that will be evaluated as by @code{RUN} to determine a number, the starting value of the variable; (3) a word or list that will be evaluated to determine a number, the limit value of the variable; (4) an optional word or list that will be evaluated to determine the step size. If the fourth member is missing, the step size will be 1 or --1 depending on whether the limit value is greater than or less than the starting value, respectively. The second input is an instructionlist. The effect of @code{FOR} is to run that instructionlist repeatedly, assigning a new value to the control variable (the one named by the first member of the @var{forcontrol} list) each time. First the starting value is assigned to the control variable. Then the value is compared to the limit value. @code{FOR} is complete when the sign of @code{(current - limit)} is the same as the sign of the step size. (If no explicit step size is provided, the instructionlist is always run at least once. An explicit step size can lead to a zero-trip @code{FOR}, e.g., @w{@t{FOR [I 1 0 1] ...})}. Otherwise, the instructionlist is run, then the step is added to the current value of the control variable and FOR returns to the comparison step. @example ? for [i 2 7 1.5] [print :i] 2 3.5 5 6.5 ? @end example @xref{RUN} . @node DOdWHILE, WHILE, FOR, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec do.while @cindex do.while @example DO.WHILE instructionlist tfexpression (library procedure) @end example command. Repeatedly evaluates the @var{instructionlist} as long as the evaluated @ifinfo @var{tfexpression} @end ifinfo @tex @var{tfexpres-sion} @end tex remains @code{TRUE}. Evaluates the first input first, so the @var{instructionlist} is always run at least once. The @var{tfexpression} must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. @node WHILE, DOdUNTIL, DOdWHILE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec while @cindex while @example WHILE tfexpression instructionlist (library procedure) @end example command. Repeatedly evaluates the @var{instructionlist} as long as the evaluated @ifinfo @var{tfexpression} @end ifinfo @tex @var{tfexpres-sion} @end tex remains @code{TRUE}. Evaluates the first input first, so the @var{instructionlist} may never be run at all. The @var{tfexpression} must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. @node DOdUNTIL, UNTIL, WHILE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec do.until @cindex do.until @example DO.UNTIL instructionlist tfexpression (library procedure) @end example command. Repeatedly evaluates the @var{instructionlist} as long as the evaluated @ifinfo @var{tfexpression} @end ifinfo @tex @var{tfexpres-sion} @end tex remains @code{FALSE}. Evaluates the first input first, so the @var{instructionlist} is always run at least once. The @var{tfexpression} must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. @node UNTIL, CASE, DOdUNTIL, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec until @cindex until @example UNTIL tfexpression instructionlist (library procedure) @end example command. Repeatedly evaluates the @var{instructionlist} as long as the evaluated @ifinfo @var{tfexpression} @end ifinfo @tex @var{tfexpres-sion} @end tex remains @code{FALSE}. Evaluates the first input first, so the @var{instructionlist} may never be run at all. The @var{tfexpression} must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. @node CASE, COND, UNTIL, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec case @cindex case @example CASE value clauses (library procedure) @end example command or operation. The second input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either a list of values or the word @code{ELSE} and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. @code{CASE} examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word @code{ELSE} (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and @code{CASE} outputs its value, if any. If the first input to CASE is a member of the first element of a clause, then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and @code{CASE} outputs its value, if any. If neither of these conditions is met, then @code{CASE} goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, @code{CASE} does nothing. Example: @example to vowelp :letter output case :letter [ [[a e i o u] "true] [else "false] ] end @end example @node COND, , CASE, CONTROL @unnumberedsubsec cond @cindex cond @example COND clauses (library procedure) @end example command or operation. The input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either an expression whose value is @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}, or the word @code{ELSE}, and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. @code{COND} examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word @code{ELSE} (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and @code{CASE} outputs its value, if any. Otherwise, the first element of the clause is evaluated; the resulting value must be @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. If it's @code{TRUE}, then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and @code{COND} outputs its value, if any. If the value is @code{FALSE}, then @code{COND} goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, @code{COND} does nothing. Example: @example to evens :numbers ; select even numbers from a list op cond [ [[emptyp :numbers] []] [[evenp first :numbers] ; assuming EVENP is defined fput first :numbers evens butfirst :numbers] [else evens butfirst :numbers] ] end @end example @node TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION, , CONTROL, CONTROL STRUCTURES @section Template-based Iteration @cindex template The procedures in this section are iteration tools based on the idea of a @dfn{template.} This is a generalization of an instruction list or an expression list in which @dfn{slots} are provided for the tool to insert varying data. Four different forms of template can be used. The most commonly used form for a template is @samp{explicit-slot} form, or @samp{question mark} form. Example: @example ? show map [? * ?] [2 3 4 5] [4 9 16 25] ? @end example In this example, the @code{MAP} tool evaluated the template @w{@code{[? * ?]}} repeatedly, with each of the members of the data list @w{@code{[2 3 4 5]}} substituted in turn for the question marks. The same value was used for every question mark in a given evaluation. Some tools allow for more than one datum to be substituted in parallel; in these cases the slots are indicated by @code{?1} for the first datum, @code{?2} for the second, and so on: @example ? show (map [(word ?1 ?2 ?1)] [a b c] [d e f]) [ada beb cfc] ? @end example If the template wishes to compute the datum number, the form @w{@code{(? 1)}} is equivalent to @code{?1}, so @w{@code{(? ?1)}} means the datum whose number is given in datum number 1. Some tools allow additional slot designations, as shown in the individual descriptions. The second form of template is the @samp{named-procedure} form. If the template is a word rather than a list, it is taken as the name of a procedure. That procedure must accept a number of inputs equal to the number of parallel data slots provided by the tool; the procedure is applied to all of the available data in order. That is, if data @code{?1} through @code{?3} are available, the template @code{"PROC} is equivalent to @w{@t{[PROC ?1 ?2 ?3]}}. @example ? show (map "word [a b c] [d e f]) [ad be cf] ? to dotprod :a :b ; vector dot product op apply "sum (map "product :a :b) end @end example The third form of template is @samp{named-slot} or @samp{lambda} form. This form is indicated by a template list containing more than one member, whose first member is itself a list. The first member is taken as a list of names; local variables are created with those names and given the available data in order as their values. The number of names must equal the number of available data. This form is needed primarily when one iteration tool must be used within the template list of another, and the @code{?} notation would be ambiguous in the inner template. Example: @example to matmul :m1 :m2 [:tm2 transpose :m2] ; multiply two matrices output map [[row] map [[col] dotprod :row :col] :tm2] :m1 end @end example The fourth form is @samp{procedure text} form, a variant of lambda form. In this form, the template list contains at least two members, all of which are lists. This is the form used by the @code{DEFINE} and @code{TEXT} primitives, and @code{APPLY} accepts it so that the text of a defined procedure can be used as a template. Note: The fourth form of template is interpreted differently from the others, in that Logo considers it to be an independent defined procedure for the purposes of @code{OUTPUT} and @code{STOP}. For example, the following two instructions are identical: @example ? print apply [[x] :x+3] [5] 8 ? print apply [[x] [output :x+3]] [5] 8 @end example although the first instruction is in named-slot form and the second is in procedure-text form. The named-slot form can be understood as telling Logo to evaluate the expression @w{@t{:x+3}} in place of the entire invocation of apply, with the variable @code{x} temporarily given the value @code{5}. The procedure-text form can be understood as invoking the procedure @example to foo :x output :x+3 end @end example with input @code{5}, but without actually giving the procedure a name. If the use of @code{OUTPUT} were interchanged in these two examples, we'd get errors: @example ? print apply [[x] output :x+3] [5] Can only use output inside a procedure ? print apply [[x] [:x+3]] [5] You don't say what to do with 8 @end example The named-slot form can be used with @code{STOP} or @code{OUTPUT} inside a procedure, to stop the enclosing procedure. The following iteration tools are extended versions of the ones in Appendix B of the book @cite{Computer Science Logo Style, Volume 3: Advanced Topics} by Brian Harvey [MIT Press, 1987]. The extensions are primarily to allow for variable numbers of inputs. @menu * APPLY:: * INVOKE:: * FOREACH:: * MAP:: * MAPdSE:: MAP.SE * FILTER:: * FIND:: * REDUCE:: * CROSSMAP:: * CASCADE:: * CASCADEd2:: CASCADE.2 * TRANSFER:: @end menu @node APPLY, INVOKE, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec apply @cindex apply @example APPLY template inputlist @end example command or operation. Runs the @var{template}, filling its slots with the members of @var{inputlist.} The number of members in @var{inputlist} must be an acceptable number of slots for @var{template}. It is illegal to apply the primitive @code{TO} as a template, but anything else is okay. @code{APPLY} outputs what @var{template} outputs, if anything. @xref{TO} . @node INVOKE, FOREACH, APPLY, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec invoke @cindex invoke @example INVOKE template input (library procedure) (INVOKE template input1 input2 ...) @end example command or operation. Exactly like @code{APPLY} except that the inputs are provided as separate expressions rather than in a list. @node FOREACH, MAP, INVOKE, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec foreach @cindex foreach @example FOREACH data template (library procedure) (FOREACH data1 data2 ... template) @end example command. Evaluates the @var{template} list repeatedly, once for each member of the @var{data} list. If more than one @var{data} list are given, each of them must be the same length. (The @var{data} inputs can be words, in which case the template is evaluated once for each character.) In a template, the symbol @code{?REST} represents the portion of the @var{data} input to the right of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the @var{data} input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{?REST} would be replaced by @w{@code{[C D E]}}. If multiple parallel slots are used, then @w{@t{(?REST 1)}} goes with ?1, etc. In a template, the symbol @code{#} represents the position in the @var{data} input of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{#} would be replaced by @code{2}. @node MAP, MAPdSE, FOREACH, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec map @cindex map @example MAP template data (library procedure) (MAP template data1 data2 ...) @end example outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the @var{data} input, of the same length as that @var{data} input. (If more than one @var{data} input are given, the output is of the same type as @var{data1}.) Each member of the output is the result of evaluating the @var{template} list, filling the slots with the corresponding member(s) of the @var{data} input(s). (All @var{data} inputs must be the same length.) In the case of a word output, the results of the template evaluation must be words, and they are concatenated with @code{WORD}. In a template, the symbol @code{?REST} represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the @var{data} input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the @var{template} is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{?REST} would be replaced by @w{@code{[C D E]}}. If multiple parallel slots are used, then @w{@t{(?REST 1)}} goes with @code{?1}, etc. In a template, the symbol @code{#} represents the position in the @var{data} input of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{#} would be replaced by @code{2}. @xref{WORD} . @node MAPdSE, FILTER, MAP, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec map.se @cindex map.se @example MAP.SE template data (library procedure) (MAP.SE template data1 data2 ...) @end example outputs a list formed by evaluating the @var{template} list repeatedly and concatenating the results using @code{SENTENCE}. That is, the members of the output are the members of the results of the evaluations. The output list might, therefore, be of a different length from that of the @var{data} input(s). (If the result of an evaluation is the empty list, it contributes nothing to the final output.) The @var{data} inputs may be words or lists. In a template, the symbol @code{?REST} represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{?REST} would be replaced by @w{@code{[C D E]}}. If multiple parallel slots are used, then @w{@t{(?REST 1)}} goes with @code{?1}, etc. In a template, the symbol @code{#} represents the position in the @var{data} input of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{#} would be replaced by @code{2}. @xref{SENTENCE} . @node FILTER, FIND, MAPdSE, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec filter @cindex filter @example FILTER tftemplate data (library procedure) @end example outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the @var{data} input, containing a subset of the members (for a list) or characters (for a word) of the input. The template is evaluated once for each member or character of the data, and it must produce a @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE} value. If the value is @code{TRUE}, then the corresponding input constituent is included in the output. @example ? print filter "vowelp "elephant eea ? @end example In a template, the symbol @code{?REST} represents the portion of the @var{data} input to the right of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{?REST} would be replaced by @w{@code{[C D E]}}. In a template, the symbol @code{#} represents the position in the @var{data} input of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{#} would be replaced by @code{2}. @node FIND, REDUCE, FILTER, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec find @cindex find @example FIND tftemplate data (library procedure) @end example outputs the first constituent of the @var{data} input (the first member of a list, or the first character of a word) for which the value produced by evaluating the @var{template} with that consituent in its slot is @code{TRUE}. If there is no such constituent, the empty list is output. In a template, the symbol @code{?REST} represents the portion of the @var{data} input to the right of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{?REST} would be replaced by @w{@code{[C D E]}}. In a template, the symbol @code{#} represents the position in the @var{data} input of the member currently being used as the @code{?} slot-filler. That is, if the data input is @w{@code{[A B C D E]}} and the template is being evaluated with @code{?} replaced by @code{B}, then @code{#} would be replaced by @code{2}. @node REDUCE, CROSSMAP, FIND, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec reduce @cindex reduce @example REDUCE template data (library procedure) @end example outputs the result of applying the @var{template} to accumulate the members of the @var{data} input. The template must be a two-slot function. Typically it is an associative function name like @code{SUM}. If the @var{data} input has only one constituent (member in a list or character in a word), the output is that consituent. Otherwise, the template is first applied with @code{?1} filled with the next-to-last consitient and @code{?2} with the last constituent. Then, if there are more constituents, the template is applied with @code{?1} filled with the next constituent to the left and @code{?2} with the result from the previous evaluation. This process continues until all constituents have been used. The data input may not be empty. Note: If the template is, like @code{SUM}, the name of a procedure that is capable of accepting arbitrarily many inputs, it is more efficient to use @code{APPLY} instead of @code{REDUCE}. The latter is good for associative procedures that have been written to accept exactly two inputs: @example to max :a :b output ifelse :a > :b [:a] [:b] end print reduce "max [...] @end example Alternatively, @code{REDUCE} can be used to write @code{MAX} as a procedure that accepts any number of inputs, as @code{SUM} does: @example to max [:inputs] 2 if emptyp :inputs ~ [(throw "error [not enough inputs to max])] output reduce [ifelse ?1 > ?2 [?1] [?2]] :inputs end @end example @xref{SUM} , @ref{APPLY} . @node CROSSMAP, CASCADE, REDUCE, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec crossmap @cindex crossmap @example CROSSMAP template listlist (library procedure) (CROSSMAP template data1 data2 ...) @end example outputs a list containing the results of template evaluations. Each @var{data} list contributes to a slot in the template; the number of slots is equal to the number of @var{data} list inputs. As a special case, if only one @var{data} list input is given, that list is taken as a list of data lists, and each of its members contributes values to a slot. @code{CROSSMAP} differs from @code{MAP} in that instead of taking members from the data inputs in parallel, it takes all possible combinations of members of data inputs, which need not be the same length. @example ? show (crossmap [word ?1 ?2] [a b c] [1 2 3 4]) [a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 c1 c2 c3 c4] ? @end example For compatibility with the version in the first edition of CSLS @footnote{@cite{Computer Science Logo Style}}, @code{CROSSMAP} templates may use the notation @code{:1} instead of @code{?1} to indicate slots. @xref{MAP} . @node CASCADE, CASCADEd2, CROSSMAP, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec cascade @cindex cascade @example CASCADE endtest template startvalue (library procedure) (CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ...) (CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ... finaltemplate) @end example outputs the result of applying a template (or several templates, as explained below) repeatedly, with a given value filling the slot the first time, and the result of each application filling the slot for the following application. In the simplest case, @code{CASCADE} has three inputs. The second input is a one-slot expression template. That template is evaluated some number of times (perhaps zero). On the first evaluation, the slot is filled with the third input; on subsequent evaluations, the slot is filled with the result of the previous evaluation. The number of evaluations is determined by the first input. This can be either a nonnegative integer, in which case the template is evaluated that many times, or a predicate expression template, in which case it is evaluated (with the same slot filler that will be used for the evaluation of the second input) repeatedly, and the @code{CASCADE} evaluation continues as long as the predicate value is @code{FALSE}. (In other words, the predicate template indicates the condition for stopping.) If the template is evaluated zero times, the output from @code{CASCADE} is the third (@var{startvalue}) input. Otherwise, the output is the value produced by the last template evaluation. @code{CASCADE} templates may include the symbol @code{#} to represent the number of times the template has been evaluated. This slot is filled with 1 for the first evaluation, 2 for the second, and so on. @example ? show cascade 5 [lput # ?] [] [1 2 3 4 5] ? show cascade [vowelp first ?] [bf ?] "spring ing ? show cascade 5 [# * ?] 1 120 ? @end example Several cascaded results can be computed in parallel by providing additional template-startvalue pairs as inputs to @code{CASCADE}. In this case, all templates (including the endtest template, if used) are multi-slot, with the number of slots equal to the number of pairs of inputs. In each round of evaluations, @code{?2}, for example, represents the result of evaluating the second template in the previous round. If the total number of inputs (including the first endtest input) is odd, then the output from CASCADE is the final value of the first template. If the total number of inputs is even, then the last input is a template that is evaluated once, after the end test is satisfied, to determine the output from @code{CASCADE}. @example to fibonacci :n output (cascade :n [?1 + ?2] 1 [?1] 0) end to piglatin :word output (cascade [vowelp first ?] ~ [word bf ? first ?] ~ :word ~ [word ? "ay]) end @end example @node CASCADEd2, TRANSFER, CASCADE, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec cascade.2 @cindex cascade.2 @example CASCADE.2 endtest temp1 startval1 temp2 startval2 (library procedure) @end example outputs the result of invoking @code{CASCADE} with the same inputs. The only difference is that the default number of inputs is five instead of three. @node TRANSFER, , CASCADEd2, TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION @unnumberedsubsec transfer @cindex transfer @example TRANSFER endtest template inbasket (library procedure) @end example outputs the result of repeated evaluation of the @var{template}. The template is evaluated once for each member of the list @var{inbasket}. @code{TRANSFER} maintains an @dfn{outbasket} that is initially the empty list. After each evaluation of the template, the resulting value becomes the new outbasket. In the template, the symbol @code{?IN} represents the current member from the inbasket; the symbol @code{?OUT} represents the entire current outbasket. Other slot symbols should not be used. If the first (@var{endtest}) input is an empty list, evaluation continues until all inbasket members have been used. If not, the first input must be a predicate expression template, and evaluation continues until either that template's value is @code{TRUE} or the inbasket is used up. @node MACROS, ERROR PROCESSING, CONTROL STRUCTURES, Top @chapter Macros @menu * dMACRO:: * dDEFMACRO:: * MACROP:: * MACROEXPAND:: @end menu @node dMACRO, dDEFMACRO, MACROS, MACROS @unnumberedsec .macro @cindex .macro @cindex .defmacro @example .MACRO procname :input1 :input2 ... (special form) .DEFMACRO procname text @end example A macro is a special kind of procedure whose output is evaluated as Logo instructions in the context of the macro's caller. @code{.MACRO} is exactly like @code{TO} except that the new procedure becomes a macro; @code{.DEFMACRO} is exactly like @code{DEFINE} with the same exception. Macros are useful for inventing new control structures comparable to @code{REPEAT}, @code{IF}, and so on. Such control structures can almost, but not quite, be duplicated by ordinary Logo procedures. For example, here is an ordinary procedure version of @code{REPEAT}: @example to my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [stop] run :instructions my.repeat :num-1 :instructions end @end example This version works fine for most purposes, e.g., @example my.repeat 5 [print "hello] @end example But it doesn't work if the instructions to be carried out include @code{OUTPUT}, @code{STOP}, or @code{LOCAL}. For example, consider this procedure: @example to example print [Guess my secret word. You get three guesses.] repeat 3 [type "|?? | ~ if readword = "secret [pr "Right! stop]] print [Sorry, the word was "secret"!] end @end example This procedure works as written, but if @code{MY.REPEAT} is used instead of @code{REPEAT}, it won't work because the @code{STOP} will stop @code{MY.REPEAT} instead of stopping @code{EXAMPLE} as desired. The solution is to make @code{MY.REPEAT} a macro. Instead of actually carrying out the computation, a macro must return a list containing Logo instructions. The contents of that list are evaluated as if they appeared in place of the call to the macro. Here's a macro version of @code{REPEAT}: @example .macro my.repeat :num :instructions if :num=0 [output []] output sentence :instructions ~ (list "my.repeat :num-1 :instructions) end @end example Every macro is an operation --- it must always output something. Even in the base case, @code{MY.REPEAT} outputs an empty instruction list. To show how @code{MY.REPEAT} works, let's take the example @example my.repeat 5 [print "hello] @end example For this example, @code{MY.REPEAT} will output the instruction list @example [print "hello my.repeat 4 [print "hello]] @end example Logo then executes these instructions in place of the original invocation of @code{MY.REPEAT}; this prints @code{hello} once and invokes another repetition. The technique just shown, although fairly easy to understand, has the defect of slowness because each repetition has to construct an instruction list for evaluation. Another approach is to make @code{MY.REPEAT} a macro that works just like the non-macro version unless the instructions to be repeated include @code{OUTPUT} or @code{STOP}: @example .macro my.repeat :num :instructions catch "repeat.catchtag ~ [op repeat.done runresult [repeat1 :num :instructions]] op [] end to repeat1 :num :instructions if :num=0 [throw "repeat.catchtag] run :instructions .maybeoutput repeat1 :num-1 :instructions end to repeat.done :repeat.result if emptyp :repeat.result [op [stop]] op list "output quoted first :repeat.result end @end example If the instructions do not include @code{STOP} or @code{OUTPUT}, then @code{REPEAT1} will reach its base case and invoke @code{THROW}. As a result, @code{MY.REPEAT}'s last instruction line will output an empty list, so the evaluation of the macro result by the caller will do nothing. But if a @code{STOP} or @code{OUTPUT} happens, then @code{REPEAT.DONE} will output a @code{STOP} or @code{OUTPUT} instruction that will be executed in the caller's context. The macro-defining commands have names starting with a dot because macros are an advanced feature of Logo; it's easy to get in trouble by defining a macro that doesn't terminate, or by failing to construct the instruction list properly. Lisp users should note that Logo macros are @emph{not} special forms. That is, the inputs to the macro are evaluated normally, as they would be for any other Logo procedure. It's only the output from the macro that's handled unusually. Here's another example: @example .macro localmake :name :value output (list "local ~ word "" :name ~ "apply ~ ""make ~ (list :name :value)) end @end example It's used this way: @example to try localmake "garply "hello print :garply end @end example @code{LOCALMAKE} outputs the list @display [local "garply apply "make [garply hello]] @end display The reason for the use of @code{APPLY} is to avoid having to decide whether or not the second input to @code{MAKE} requires a quotation mark before it. (In this case it would --- @code{MAKE "GARPLY "HELLO} --- but the quotation mark would be wrong if the value were a list.) It's often convenient to use the @t{`} function to construct the instruction list: @example .macro localmake :name :value op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]] end @end example On the other hand, @t{`} is pretty slow, since it's tree recursive and written in Logo. @xref{TO} , @ref{DEFINE} , @ref{APPLY} , @ref{STOP} , @ref{OUTPUT} . @node dDEFMACRO, MACROP, dMACRO, MACROS @unnumberedsubsec .defmacro @xref{dMACRO} . @node MACROP, MACROEXPAND, dDEFMACRO, MACROS @unnumberedsubsec macrop @cindex macrop @cindex macro? @example MACROP name MACRO? name @end example outputs @code{TRUE} if its input is the name of a macro. @node MACROEXPAND, , MACROP, MACROS @unnumberedsubsec macroexpand @cindex macroexpand @example MACROEXPAND expr (library procedure) @end example takes as its input a Logo expression that invokes a macro (that is, one that begins with the name of a macro) and outputs the the Logo expression into which the macro would translate the input expression. @example .macro localmake :name :value op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]] end ? show macroexpand [localmake "pi 3.14159] [local "pi apply "make [pi 3.14159]] @end example @node ERROR PROCESSING, SPECIAL VARIABLES, MACROS, Top @chapter Error Processing @menu * ERROR CODES:: @end menu If an error occurs, Logo takes the following steps. First, if there is an available variable named @code{ERRACT}, Logo takes its value as an instructionlist and runs the instructions. The operation @code{ERROR} may be used within the instructions (once) to examine the error condition. If the instructionlist invokes @code{PAUSE}, the error message is printed before the pause happens. Certain errors are @dfn{recoverable}; for one of those errors, if the instructionlist outputs a value, that value is used in place of the expression that caused the error. (If @code{ERRACT} invokes @code{PAUSE} and the user then invokes @code{CONTINUE} with an input, that input becomes the output from @code{PAUSE} and therefore the output from the @code{ERRACT} instructionlist.) It is possible for an @code{ERRACT} instructionlist to produce an inappropriate value or no value where one is needed. As a result, the same error condition could recur forever because of this mechanism. To avoid that danger, if the same error condition occurs twice in a row from an @code{ERRACT} instructionlist without user interaction, the message @samp{Erract loop} is printed and control returns to toplevel. "Without user interaction" means that if @code{ERRACT} invokes @code{PAUSE} and the user provides an incorrect value, this loop prevention mechanism does not take effect and the user gets to try again. During the running of the @code{ERRACT} instructionlist, @code{ERRACT} is locally unbound, so an error in the @code{ERRACT} instructions themselves will not cause a loop. In particular, an error during a pause will not cause a pause-within-a-pause unless the user reassigns the value @code{[PAUSE]} to @code{ERRACT} during the pause. But such an error will not return to toplevel; it will remain within the original pause loop. If there is no available @code{ERRACT} value, Logo handles the error by generating an internal @w{@t{THROW "ERROR}}. (A user program can also generate an error condition deliberately by invoking @code{THROW}.) If this throw is not caught by a @w{@t{CATCH "ERROR}} in the user program, it is eventually caught either by the toplevel instruction loop or by a pause loop, which prints the error message. An invocation of @w{@t{CATCH "ERROR}} in a user program locally unbinds @code{ERRACT}, so the effect is that whichever of @code{ERRACT} and @w{@t{CATCH "ERROR}} is more local will take precedence. If a floating point overflow occurs during an arithmetic operation, or a two-input mathematical function (like @code{POWER}) is invoked with an illegal combination of inputs, the @samp{doesn't like} message refers to the second operand, but should be taken as meaning the combination. @xref{ERRACT} , @ref{THROW} , @ref{ERROR} , @ref{CATCH} , @ref{PAUSE} , @ref{CONTINUE} . @node ERROR CODES, , ERROR PROCESSING, ERROR PROCESSING @section Error Codes @cindex errors Here are the numeric codes that appear as the first member of the list output by @code{ERROR} when an error is caught, with the corresponding messages. Some messages may have two different codes depending on whether or not the error is recoverable (that is, a substitute value can be provided through the @code{ERRACT} mechanism) in the specific context. Some messages are warnings rather than errors; these will not be caught. Errors 0 and 32 are so bad that Logo exits immediately. @example 0 Fatal internal error@ @ @r{(can't be caught)} 1 Out of memory 2 Stack overflow 3 Turtle out of bounds 4 @var{proc} doesn't like @var{datum} as input@ @ @r{(not recoverable)} 5 @var{proc} didn't output to @var{proc} 6 Not enough inputs to @var{proc} 7 @code{proc} doesn't like @code{datum} as input@ @ @r{(recoverable)} 8 Too much inside ()'s 9 You don't say what to do with @var{datum} 10 ')' not found 11 @var{var} has no value 12 Unexpected ')' 13 I don't know how to @var{proc}@ @ @r{(recoverable)} 14 Can't find catch tag for @var{throwtag} 15 @var{proc} is already defined 16 Stopped 17 Already dribbling 18 File system error 19 Assuming you mean IFELSE, not IF@ @ @r{(warning only)} 20 @var{var} shadowed by local in procedure call@ @ @r{(warning only)} 21 Throw "Error 22 @var{proc} is a primitive 23 Can't use TO inside a procedure 24 I don't know how to @var{proc}@ @ @r{(not recoverable)} 25 IFTRUE/IFFALSE without TEST 26 Unexpected ']' 27 Unexpected '@}' 28 Couldn't initialize graphics 29 Macro returned @var{value} instead of a list 30 You don't say what to do with @var{value} 31 Can only use STOP or OUTPUT inside a procedure 32 APPLY doesn't like @var{badthing} as input 33 END inside multi-line instruction 34 Really out of memory@ @ @r{(can't be caught)} 35 user-generated error message (THROW "ERROR @var{message}) 36 END inside multi-line instruction 37 Bad default expression for optional input: @var{expr} 38 Can't use OUTPUT or STOP inside RUNRESULT 39 Assuming you meant 'FD 100', not FD100@ @ @r{(or similar)} 40 I can't open file @var{filename} 41 File @var{filename} already open 42 File @var{filename} not open 43 Runlist [@var{expr} @var{expr}] has more than one expression. @end example @node SPECIAL VARIABLES, INTERNATIONALIZATION, ERROR PROCESSING, Top @chapter Special Variables Logo takes special action if any of the following variable names exists. They follow the normal scoping rules, so a procedure can locally set one of them to limit the scope of its effect. Initially, no variables exist except for @code{ALLOWGETSET}, @code{CASEIGNOREDP}, and @code{UNBURYONEDIT}, which are @code{TRUE} and buried. @menu * ALLOWGETSET:: * BUTTONACT:: * CASEIGNOREDP:: * COMMANDLINE:: * ERRACT:: * FULLPRINTP:: * KEYACT:: * LOADNOISILY:: * PRINTDEPTHLIMIT:: * PRINTWIDTHLIMIT:: * REDEFP:: * STARTUP:: * UNBURYONEDIT:: * USEALTERNATENAMES:: * LOGOVERSION:: * LOGOPLATFORM:: @end menu @node ALLOWGETSET, BUTTONACT, SPECIAL VARIABLES, SPECIAL VARIABLES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsec allowgetset @cindex allowgetset @example ALLOWGETSET (variable) @end example if @code{TRUE}, indicates that an attempt to use a procedure that doesn't exist should be taken as an implicit getter or setter procedure (setter if the first three letters of the name are @code{SET}) for a variable of the same name (without the @code{SET} if appropriate). @node BUTTONACT, CASEIGNOREDP, ALLOWGETSET, SPECIAL VARIABLES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec buttonact @cindex buttonact @example BUTTONACT (variable) @end example if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a mouse button is pressed. Note that the user may have released the button before the instructions are evaluated. @code{BUTTON} will still output which button was most recently pressed. @code{CLICKPOS} will output the position of the mouse cursor at the moment the button was pressed; this may be different from @code{MOUSEPOS} if the user moves the mouse after clicking. Note that it's possible for the user to press a button during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting @code{BUTTONACT} to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: @example make "buttonact [button.action] to button.action [:buttonact []] ... ; whatever you want the button to do end @end example @node CASEIGNOREDP, COMMANDLINE, BUTTONACT, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec caseignoredp @cindex caseignoredp @example CASEIGNOREDP (variable) @end example if @code{TRUE}, indicates that lower case and upper case letters should be considered equal by @code{EQUALP}, @code{BEFOREP}, @code{MEMBERP}, etc. Logo initially makes this variable @code{TRUE}, and buries it. @xref{EQUALP} , @ref{BEFOREP} , @ref{MEMBERP} . @node COMMANDLINE, ERRACT, CASEIGNOREDP, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec commandline @cindex commandline @example COMMANDLINE (variable) @end example contains any text appearing after a hyphen on the command line used to start Logo. @node ERRACT, FULLPRINTP, COMMANDLINE, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec erract @cindex erract @example ERRACT (variable) @end example an instructionlist that will be run in the event of an error. Typically has the value @code{[PAUSE]} to allow interactive debugging. @xref{PAUSE} . @node FULLPRINTP, KEYACT, ERRACT, SPECIAL VARIABLES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec fullprintp @cindex fullprintp @example FULLPRINTP (variable) @end example if @code{TRUE}, then words that were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same value. If FULLPRINTP is @code{TRUE} then the empty word (however it was created) prints as @code{||}. (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.) @node KEYACT, LOADNOISILY, FULLPRINTP, SPECIAL VARIABLES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec keyact @cindex keyact @example KEYACT (variable) @end example if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a key is pressed on the keyboard. The instruction list can use @code{READCHAR} to find out what key was pressed. Note that only keys that produce characters qualify; pressing @code{SHIFT} or @code{CONTROL} alone will not cause @code{KEYACT} to be evaluated. Note that it's possible for the user to press a key during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting @code{KEYACT} to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: @example make "keyact [key.action] to key.action [:keyact []] ... ; whatever you want the key to do end @end example @node LOADNOISILY, PRINTDEPTHLIMIT, KEYACT, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec loadnoisily @cindex loadnoisily @example LOADNOISILY (variable) @end example if @code{TRUE}, prints the names of procedures defined when loading from a file (including the temporary file made by @code{EDIT}). @xref{EDIT} . @node PRINTDEPTHLIMIT, PRINTWIDTHLIMIT, LOADNOISILY, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec printdepthlimit @cindex printdepthlimit @example PRINTDEPTHLIMIT (variable) @end example if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum depth of sublist structure that will be printed by @code{PRINT}, etc. @xref{PRINT} . @node PRINTWIDTHLIMIT, REDEFP, PRINTDEPTHLIMIT, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec printwidthlimit @cindex printwidthlimit @example PRINTWIDTHLIMIT (variable) @end example if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum number of members in any one list that will be printed by @code{PRINT}, etc. @xref{PRINT} . @node REDEFP, STARTUP, PRINTWIDTHLIMIT, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec redefp @cindex redefp @example REDEFP (variable) @end example if @code{TRUE}, allows primitives to be erased (@code{ERASE}) or redefined (@code{COPYDEF}). @xref{ERASE} , @ref{COPYDEF} . @node STARTUP, UNBURYONEDIT, REDEFP, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec startup @cindex startup @example STARTUP (variable) @end example if assigned a list value in a file loaded by @code{LOAD}, that value is run as an instructionlist after the loading. @xref{LOAD} . @node UNBURYONEDIT, USEALTERNATENAMES, STARTUP, SPECIAL VARIABLES @comment node-name, next, previous, up @unnumberedsubsec unburyonedit @cindex unburyonedit @example UNBURYONEDIT (variable) @end example if @code{TRUE}, causes any procedure defined during @code{EDIT} or @code{LOAD} to be unburied, so that it will be saved by a later @code{SAVE}. Files that want to define and bury procedures must do it in that order. @xref{EDIT} , @xref{LOAD} , @xref{SAVE} . @node USEALTERNATENAMES, LOGOVERSION, UNBURYONEDIT, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec usealternatenames @cindex usealternatenames @example USEALTERNATENAMES (variable) @end example if @code{TRUE}, causes Logo to generate non-English words (from the @file{Messages} file) instead of @code{TRUE}, @code{FALSE}, @code{END}, etc. Logo provides the following buried variables that can be used by programs: @node LOGOVERSION, LOGOPLATFORM, USEALTERNATENAMES, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec logoversion @cindex logoversion @example LOGOVERSION (variable) @end example a real number indicating the Logo version number, e.g., 5.5 @node LOGOPLATFORM, , LOGOVERSION, SPECIAL VARIABLES @unnumberedsubsec logoplatform @cindex logoplatform @example LOGOPLATFORM (variable) @end example one of the following words: @code{wxWidgets}, @code{X11}, @code{Windows}, or @code{Unix-nographics}. @node INTERNATIONALIZATION, INDEX, SPECIAL VARIABLES, Top @chapter Internationalization Berkeley Logo has limited support for non-English-speaking users. Alas, there is no Unicode support, and high-bit-on ASCII codes work in some contexts but not others. If you want to translate Berkeley Logo for use with another language, there are three main things you have to do: @example 1. Primitive names 2. Error (and other) messages 3. Documentation @end example For primitive names, the easiest thing is to provide a startup file that defines aliases for the English primitive names, using @code{COPYDEF}: @example COPYDEF "AVANT "FORWARD @end example This should take care of it, unless your language's name for one primitive is spelled like the English name of a different primitive. In that case you have to turn @code{REDEFP} on and be sure to copy the non-conflicting name before overwriting the conflicting one! "Primitives" that are actually in the Logo library, of course, can just be replaced or augmented with native-language-named Logo procedures and filenames. Of course Logo programs will still not look like your native language if the word order is dramatically different, especially if you don't put verbs before their objects. For error messages, there is a file named @file{Messages} in the @file{logolib} directory with texts of messages, one per line. You can replace this with a file for your own language. Do not add, delete, or reorder lines; Logo finds messages by line number. The sequences @code{%p}, @code{%s}, and @code{%t} in these messages represent variable parts of the message and should not be translated. (%p @code{PRINT}s the variable part, while %s @code{SHOW}s it -- that is, the difference is about whether or not brackets are shown surrounding a list. %t means that the variable part is a C text string rather than a Logo object.) If you want to change the order of two variable parts (no reorderable message has more than two), you would for example replace the line @example %p doesn't like %s as input @end example with @example %+s is a lousy input to %p @end example The plus sign tells the message printer to reverse the order; you must reverse the order of %p and %s, if both are used, to match. The plus sign goes just after the first percent sign in the message, which might not be at the beginning of the line. The sequence @code{\n} in a message represents a newline; don't be fooled into thinking that the @code{n} is part of the following word. Some messages appear twice in the file; this isn't a mistake. The two spaces before @code{to} in @code{I don't know how\ \ to} aren't a mistake either. The message containing just @code{%p} is for user-provided error messages in @w{@code{THROW "ERROR}}. The message "@code{\ \ in %s\n%s}" is the part of all error messages that indicates where the error occurred if it was inside a procedure; you might want to change the word @code{in} to your language. @w{@code{%s defined\n}} is what @code{LOAD} prints for each procedure defined if the variable @code{LOADNOISILY} is @code{TRUE}. @w{"@code{to %p\nend\n\n}"} is what @code{EDIT} puts in the temporary file if you ask to edit a procedure that isn't already defined. Also in the @file{Messages} file are lines containing only one word each; the first of these is the word @code{true}. Some of these words are recognized by Logo in user input; some are generated by Logo; some are both. For example, the words @code{TRUE} and @code{FALSE} are recognized as Boolean values by @code{IF} and @code{IFELSE}, and are also generated by Logo as outputs from the primitive predicates such as @code{EQUALP}. The word @code{END} is recognized as the end of a procedure definition, and may be generated when Logo reconstructs a procedure body for @code{PO} or @code{EDIT}. I've used capital letters in this paragraph for easier reading, but the words in the @file{Messages} file should be in lower case. If you replace these with non-English words, Logo will @emph{recognize} both the English names and your alternate names. For example, if you replace the word @code{true} with @code{vrai} then Logo will understand both of these: @example IF "TRUE [PRINT "YES] IF "VRAI [PRINT "YES] @end example The variable @code{UseAlternateNames} determines whether Logo will @emph{generate} other-language names -- for example, whether predicate functions return the other-language alternates for @code{TRUE} and @code{FALSE}. This variable is @code{FALSE} by default, meaning that the English words will be generated. You might wish to have English-named predicate functions generate English @code{TRUE} and @code{FALSE}, while other-language-named predicates generate the alternate words. This can be done by leaving @code{UseAlternateNames} false, and instead of defining the other-language predicates with @code{COPYDEF}, do it this way: @example to french.boolean :bool if equalp :bool "true [output "vrai] if equalp :bool "false [output "faux] output :bool ; shouldn't happen end to make.french.predicate :french :english :arity define :french `[[[inputs] ,[:arity]] [output french.boolean apply ,[word "" :english] :inputs]] end ? make.french.predicate "egal? "equal? 2 ? pr egal? 3 4 faux ? pr egal? 4 4 vrai ? pr equal? 3 4 false ? pr equal? 4 4 true @end example The third input to @code{make.french.predicate} is the number of inputs that the predicate expects. This solution isn't quite perfect because the infix predicates (@code{=}, @code{<}, @code{>}) will still output in English. If you want them to generate alternate-language words, set @code{UseAlternateNames} to @code{TRUE} instead. Some of the words in this section of the @file{Messages} file are names of Logo primitives (@code{OUTPUT}, @code{STOP}, @code{GOTO}, @code{TAG}, @code{IF}, @code{IFELSE}, @code{TO}, @code{.MACRO}). To translate these names, you must use @code{COPYDEF} as described earlier, in addition to changing the names in @file{Messages}. You should be consistent in these two steps. Don't forget the period in @code{.macro}! For documentation, there are two kinds: this manual and the help files. The latter are generated automatically from this manual if you have a Unix system, so in that case you need only translate this manual, maintaining the format. (The automatic helpfile generator notices things like capital letters, tabs, hyphens, and equal signs at the beginnings of lines.) The program @code{makefile.c} may require modification because a few of the primitive names are special cases (e.g., @code{LOG10} is the only name with digits included). If you don't have Unix tools, you can just translate each helpfile individually. A period in a primitive name is represented as a @code{D} in the filename; there are no files for question marks because the @code{HELP} command looks for the file named after the corresponding primitive that ends in @code{P}. @node INDEX, , INTERNATIONALIZATION, Top @unnumbered INDEX @printindex cp @bye ucblogo-6.1/docs/usermanual.toc0000664000175000017500000004575613601426467014757 0ustar jjcjjc@numchapentry{Introduction}{1}{INTRODUCTION}{1} @numsecentry{Overview}{1.1}{OVERVIEW}{1} @numsecentry{Getter/Setter Variable Syntax}{1.2}{GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX}{2} @numsecentry{Entering and Leaving Logo}{1.3}{ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO}{5} @numsecentry{Tokenization}{1.4}{TOKENIZATION}{6} @numchapentry{Data Structure Primitives}{2}{DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES}{9} @numsecentry{Constructors}{2.1}{CONSTRUCTORS}{9} @unnsubsecentry{word}{10000.1.1}{WORD}{9} @unnsubsecentry{list}{10000.1.2}{LIST}{9} @unnsubsecentry{sentence}{10000.1.3}{SENTENCE}{9} @unnsubsecentry{fput}{10000.1.4}{FPUT}{9} 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19G4)7ArithmeticW32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: 29G5)7LogicalOpSerations32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: 35G6)7GraphicsX232k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:M37G7)7WVorkspaceManagemenrtu32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: 49G8)7ConrtrolStructures32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:667G9)7Macros32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: 83G10)7ErrorProScessing32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: 87G11)7SpSecialVVariables32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: o89G12)7Inrternationalization32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: h93GINDEX332k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: 97E33iii33͍GZTaGablezofConutents*33Gc132Intros3duction32k:Q 32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32:32: twc1!G1.1 5Ov!erview> b> 3 cmmi10:ۍ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::sf1 33!G1.2 5Getter/SetterfVeariableSyn!tax:ۍ:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::KY2!G1.3 5En!teringfandLeavingLogo:ۍ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::p\5!G1.4 5Teok!enization f:ۍ:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::633Gc232DataffStructurePrimitivesǍ32k:Q 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:ۍ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.GThisisaprogramthatisstillbMeingwritten.?Man!ythingsaremissing,includingadequateGdoMcumen!tation.TThis_manualassumesthat_youalreadyknow_howtoprogramin_Logo,mandGmerelyfpresen!tsthedetailsofthisnewimplementation.GReadComputerScienceLogoSt!yle,Veolume1:rSymbMolicComputingbyBrianHarvey(MITGPress,f1997)foratutorialonLogoprogrammingwithemphasisonsym!bMoliccomputation.GHerefarethespMecialfeaturesofthisdialectofLogo:!ff.Sourcef lecompatibleamongUnix,DOS,Windo!ws,andMacplatforms.ff.Random-accessfarra!ys..Veariablefn!umbMerofinputstouser-de nedprocedures..Mutatorsfforliststructure(dangerous)..P!ausefonerror,andotherimprovementstoerrorhandling..Commen!tsfandcontinuationlines;formattingispreservedwhen 33.proMcedurefde nitionsaresa!vedforedited..Teerrapin-st!yleftokenization(e.g.,[2+3]isalistwithonemembMer).butfLCSI-st!ylesyntax(nospMecialformsexceptTO).LThebestof.bMothfw!orlds..First-classfinstructionandexpressiontemplates(seeAPPLeY)..Macros.33GFeeaturesN 8 & 3 cmb10notN!foundinBerk!eleyLogoincluderobMotics,xm!usic,xanimation,parallelism,andGm!ultimedia.Feorfthose,buyacommercialversion.G284BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gc1.2Getter/Setterf@VfariableSyntax33GLogoWdistinguishesproMcedures#fromvdDariables.AUprocedureisasetofXinstructionstocarry 33Gout"some"computation;aEavdDariableisanamedcon!tainerthatholdsadatavdDaluesuc!hasaGn!umbMer,fword,list,orarraye.33GInhtraditionalgLogosyn!tax,'anon-numericgwordtypMedgwithoutpunctuationrepresen!tsaGrequest! toin!voke! theproMcedurenamedb!y! thatword. MA wordtypMedwithaprecedingGquotationfmarkrepresen!tstheworditself.Feorexample,intheinstruction.PRINTFIRST"WORDGtheproMceduresnamedFIRSTandPRINTarein!voked,XbuttheproMcedurenamedW!ORD+isGnotfin!voked;thewordW-O-R-D8istheinputtoFIRST.GWhatabMoutvdDariables?Therearet!wothingsonecandowithavdDariable:.giv!eitavdDalue,"andG ndȴoutitsvdDalue.DTeogiv!eavariableaȳvalue,HLogopro!videsȳtheprimitiveproMcedureMAKE,Gwhic!hjrequirestwoinputs:thenameofthejvdDariableandthenewvaluetobMeassigned.ɽTheG rst.input,Fthename.ofthevdDariable,Fisjustaw!ord,Fandif(asisalmostalw!ays.thecase)theGprogrammerHw!antsHtoassignavdDaluetoaspMeci cvdDariablewhosenameiskno!wninadvdDance,Gthatfinputisquoted,justasan!yknownspMeci cwordwouldbMe:.MAKE"MY.VARFIRST"WORDGgiv!esfthevdDariablenamedMY.VARthevalueW(the rstletterofWORD).GTeoZ! ndZ"thevdDalueofavdDariable,icLogopro!videstheprimitiv!eproMcedureTHING,ibwhic!htakesZ!aGvdDariableInameIasitsinput,\PandoutputsthevdDalueoftheaccessiblevdDariablewiththatname.GTh!us.PRINTTHING"MY.VARGwillKprin!tW(suppMosingtheMAKEabo!veKhasbeendone).͝Since ndingthevdDalueofaspe-Gci c,kno!wn vdDariablenameissuchacommonopMeration,LogoalsoprovidesanabbreviatedGnotationfthatcom!binesTHINGwithquote:.PRINT:MY.VARGThedcolon(whic!hLogoold-timerspronounce"dots")dreplacesTHINGand"intheearlierGv!ersionfoftheinstruction.GNew!comerstoLogooftencomplainabMouttheneedforallthispunctuation.~?Inparticular,GLogo;programmersinwhichcasethesameGnamepcanqbMeusedbothqforaprocedureandqforavdDariable,orthegetter/setternotation,inGwhic!havdDariableFOOisasetwithSETFOOandexaminedwithFOO,obutthesamenamecan'tbMeGusedfforproMcedureandvdDariable.GHere is ho!wthisc!hoiceisallo!wed:Berkeley Logousestraditionalnotation,;withproMceduresGdistinctfromvdDariables.usuallyctrl-Cctrl-QRcommand-.(period).pause3alt-P>usuallyctrl-\ctrl-WRcommand-,(comma)GIfey!ouhaveaneenvironmentvdDariablecalledLOGOLIBwhosevalueistheenameofadirectorye, 33GthenLogowillusethatdirectoryinsteadofthedefaultlibrarye.Ify!ouinvokeaproMcedureGthatphasonotbMeende ned,6nLogo rstloMoksfora leinthecurren!tdirectorynamed=. Notethatw!ordsfollowingKcolonsGareinthiscategorye.Notethatquoteandcolonarenotdelimiters.Eac!hin xopMeratorGc!haracter5His5Gaword5Ginitself,Xexceptthatthet!wo-charactersequences5H<=,X>=,Yand<>(theGlatterfmeaningnot-equal)withnoin!terveningfspacearerecognizedasasinglew!ord.GA8w!ordpconsistingofaqquestionmarkfollowedbyanumbMer(e.g.,?37),whenrunparsedG(i.e.,fwhereaproMcedurenameisexpected),istreatedasifitw!erethesequence.(?37)Gmakingthen!umbMeraninputtothe? procedure. (Seethediscussionoftemplates,dbelo!w.)GThis3spMecialtreatmen!tdoesnot4applytow!ordsreadasdata,towordswithanon-numbMerGfollo!wingfthequestionmark,orifthequestionmarkisbackslashed.GAJLlineJv(aninstructionlineoronereadb!yREADLISTorREADWORD)canbMecontinuedontoGthe1Dfollo!wing1Clineifitslastc!haracterisatilde(~).~vREADWORDpreserv!esthetildeandtheGnewline;fREADLISTdoMesnot.GLinesfreadwithREADRAWLINEarenev!ercontinued.GAnA/instructionA.lineoralinereadb!yREADLIST(butnotb!yREADWORD)isautomaticallycon-Gtin!uedtothenextline,asifendedwithatilde,ifthereareunmatc!hedbrackets,parentheses,Gbraces,orv!erticalbarspMending.However,it'sanerrorifthecontinuationlinecontainsonlyGthew!ordEND;thisistopreventrunawayproMcedurede nitions.LinesexplicitlycontinuedGwithfatildea!voidfthisrestriction.GIfCaClinebMeingt!ypedCinteractivelyConthekeybMoardCiscontinued,_eitherCwithatildeorGautomaticallye,fLogowilldispla!yatildeasapromptcharacterforthecontinuationline.6GChapterf1:In!troMduction82P733͍GA0semicolonwbMeginsvacommen!tinaninstructionline.Logoignoresc!haractersfromthe 33Gsemicolontotheendoftheline. Atildeasthelastc!haracterstillindicatesacontinuationGline,fbutnotacon!tinuationfofthecommen!t.Feorexample,typingtheinstruction33.print"abc;comment~.defGwill|)prin!tthe|*wordabcdef.ztSemicolonhasnospMecial|*meaningindatalinesreadb!yREADWORDGorW~READLIST,gFbutsuc!halinecanlaterW}bMereparsedusingRUNPARSEandthencommentswillGbMefrecognized.GThe5ft!wo-charactersequence5e#!atthebMeginningofalinealsostartsacommen!t.2UnixusersGcanfthereforewritea lecon!tainingLogocommands,startingwiththeline.#!/usr/local/bin/logoG(or'wherev!er'yourLogo'executablelives)'andthe lewillbMeexecutabledirectlyfromtheGshell.GTeoincludeanotherwisedelimitingc!haracter(includingsemicolonortilde)inaword,pre-Gcede-itwithbac!kslash(\).qIfthelastcharacterofaline-isabackslash,NthenthenewlineGc!haracterfollowingthebackslashwillbMepartofthelastw!ordontheline,^andthelineGcon!tinuesUontothefollowingline.Teoincludeabackslashinaword,e`use\\.Ifthecombina-Gtionbac!kslash-newlineisenteredattheterminal,aLogowillissueabac!kslashasapromptGc!haracterforthecontinuationline.&AllofthisappliestodatalinesreadwithREADWORDorGREADLISTfasw!ellastoinstructionlines.GAlinereadwithREADRAWLINEhasnospMecialquotingmec!hanism;ıbMothbackslashandv!er-Gticalfbar(describMedbelo!w)arejustordinarycharacters.GAnalternativ!enotationtoincludeotherwisedelimitingcharactersinwordsistoencloseaGgroupofc!haractersinv!erticalbars.4AllcharactersbMetweenverticalbarsaretreatedasifGtheyw!ereletters.IndatareadwithREADWORDtheverticalbarsarepreservedintheresultingGw!ord.jIn"datareadwith#READLIST(orresultingfromaPARSEorRUNPARSEofaw!ord)theGv!erticalGbarsFdonotappMearexplicitly;allpoten!tiallyFdelimitingcharactersF(includingspaces,Gbrac!kets,^parentheses,andLin xopMerators)LappearLunmark!ed,buttok!enizedasLthoughtheyGw!ereletters.TWithinverticalbars,backslashmaystillbMeused;theonlycharactersthatGm!ustfbMebackslashedinthiscontextarebackslashandverticalbarthemselves.GCharactersen!teredbMetweenverticalbarsareforeverspMecial,evenifthewordorlistcontain-GingxFthemxEislaterreparsedwithPARSEorRUNPARSE.}Characterst!ypMedafterabac!kslashareGtreated7somewhat7di eren!tly:AWhenaquotedw!ordcontaining7abackslashed7characterisGrunparsed,Tthe@0bac!kslashed@1characterloses@0itsspMecialqualityand@0actsthereafterasift!ypMedGnormallye.This@distinctionisimpMortan!tonly@ifyouarebuildingaLogoexpressionoutofGparts,ftobMeRUNlater,andw!antftouseparen!theses.Feorexample,.PRINTRUN(SE"\(2"+3"\))Gwillfprin!t5,but.RUN(SE"MAKE""|(|2)F(G884BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍GwillcreateavdDariablewhosenameisopMen-paren!thesis.ݦ(Eachexamplewouldfailifv!ertical 33Gbarsfandbac!kslasheswereinterchanged.)33GAdnormallydelimitingc!haracterenteredwithinverticalbarsisEQUALPtothesamecharacterGwithoutthev!erticalbars,DbutcanbMedistinguishedb!ytheVBARREDPpredicate.(Ho!wever,GVBARREDP3returnsTRUEonly2forc!haractersforwhichspMecialtreatmentisnecessary:Cwhite-Gspace,paren!theses,brackets,in xcopMerators,backslash,verticalcbar,tilde,quote,questionGmark,fcolon,andsemicolon.) U86e933͍GZ2 QDatazStructurePrimitivues(DFGc2.1ConstructorsmGmN # cmbx12mword3.WORDword1word2 33.(WORDword1word2word3...)33Goutputsfaw!ordformedbyconcatenatingitsinputs.lGmlist.LISTthing1thing2.(LISTthing1thing2thing3...)33GoutputsFaGlistwhosemem!bMersareitsinputs,>whic!hcanbMean!yLogodatum(w!ord,?list,>orGarra!y).mGmsentence.SENTENCEthing1thing2.SEthing1thing2.(SENTENCEthing1thing2thing3...).(SEthing1thing2thing3...)33Goutputs alistwhosemem!bMersareits inputs,'ifthoseinputsarenotlists,orthemem!bMersGoffitsinputs,ifthoseinputsarelists.mGmfput.FPUTthinglist33Goutputswaxlistequaltoitssecondinputwithoneextramem!bMer,h{the rstinput,h{attheGbMeginning.+IfNthesecondinputisaw!ord,xthenthe rstinputmustbMeaone-letterword,GandfFPUTisequivdDalen!ttoWORD.lGmlput.LPUTthinglist33Goutputskajlistequaltoitssecondinputwithoneextramem!bMer,the rstinput,attheend.GIfthing2GoutputsFALSEiftheinputsareequal,hTRUEotherwise. SeeEQUALPforthemeaningofGequalit!yffordi erentdatatypMes.Gmbieforep3.BEFOREPword1word2.BEFORE?word1word2GoutputsTRUEifw!ord1comesbMeforeword2inASCIMIecollatingsequence(forwordsofletters,GinlalphabMeticalkorder).Case-sensitivit!yisdeterminedb!ythevdDalueofCASEIGNOREDP.NoteGthat^ iftheinputsaren!umbMers,lthe^ resultma!ynotbethesame^ aswithLESSP;v*forexample,GBEFOREP312ZisffalsebMecause3collatesafter1.GSeef[CASEIGNOREDP],page89,,[LESSP],page32,Gm.eq3..EQthing1thing2GoutputsTRUEifitst!woinputsarethesamedatum,sothatapplyingam!utatortoonewillGc!hangeftheotheraswell.OutputsFALSEotherwise,eveniftheinputsareequalinvdDalue.GWȈARNING:Primitiv!eswhosenamesstartwithapMeriodaredangerous.VTheirusebynon-GexpMertsisnotrecommended.Theuseofm!utatorscanleadtocirculardatastructures,Gin nitefloMops,orLogocrashes.Gmmembierp3.MEMBERPthing1thing2.MEMBER?thing1thing2Gifthing2Pisalistoranarra!ye,outputsTRUEifthing1isEQUALPtoamem!bMerofthing2,FALSEGotherwise.Ifthing2Pisaw!ord,outputsTRUEifthing1Oisaone-c!haracterwordEQUALPtoaGc!haracterfofthing2,FALSEotherwise.GSeef[EQUALP],page14,.G163)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gmsubstringp3.SUBSTRINGPthing1thing2 33.SUBSTRING?thing1thing233Gifthing1orthing2isalistoranarra!ye,CoutputsFALSE.TIfthing2isaw!ord,CoutputsTRUEGiffthing1isEQUALPtoasubstringofthing2,FALSEotherwise.GSeef[EQUALP],page14,.Gmnumbierp3.NUMBERPthing.NUMBER?thingGoutputsfTRUEiftheinputisan!umbMer,fFALSEotherwise.Gmvbarredp3.VBARREDPchar.VBARRED?char.BACKSLASHEDPchar5(libraryprocedure).BACKSLASHED?char5(libraryprocedure)GoutputsTRUEiftheinputc!haracterwasoriginallyenteredintoLogowithinverticalbars(|)Gto5prev!ent6itsusualspMecialsyntactic6meaning,FALSEotherwise.(OutputsTRUEonlyiftheGc!haracterfisabackslashedspace,tab,newline,oroneof()[]+-*/=<>":;\~?|)GThe enames dBACKSLASHEDPandBACKSLASHED?areincludedintheLogolibraryforbac!kwardGcompatibilit!y/with/theformernamesofthisprimitiv!e,GalthoughitdoMesnot9outputTRUEforGc!haractersforiginallyenteredwithbackslashes. #sGc2.5QueriesGmcount3.COUNTthingGoutputsthen!umbMerofcharactersintheinput,֟iftheinputisaword;DoutputsthenumbMerGof4mem!bMers3intheinput,'ifitisalistoranarra!ye.F(For4anarra!y,'this4mayormay3notbMeGthefindexofthelastmem!bMer,dependingonthearra!y'sorigin.)Gmascii3.ASCIIcharGoutputsthein!teger(bMetween0and255)thatrepresentstheinputcharacterintheASCIMIGcoMde.IIn!terpretstcontroltcharactersastrepresentingvbarredtpunctuation,andreturnstheGc!haractercoMdeforthecorrespondingpunctuationc!haracterwithoutv!erticalbars.(CompareGRAWASCII.)Gmrawascii3.RAWASCIIchar䍟GChapterf2:DataStructurePrimitiv!es1733͍Goutputsthein!teger(bMetween0and255)thatrepresentstheinputcharacterintheASCIMI 33GcoMde.ΈIn!terpretsxhcontrolcharactersxgasrepresentingthemselves.ΈTeo ndoutxgtheASCIMIx\codeGoffanarbitraryk!eystroke,fuseRAWASCIIRCB.#؍Gmchar3.CHARint33Goutputsjtheic!haracterrepresentediintheASCIMI>codeb!yjtheinput,whichimustbMeianintegerGbMet!weenf0and255.GSeef[ASCIMI],page16,.#؍Gmmembier3.MEMBERthing1thing2GifZthing29isaZw!ordorlistandifMEMBERPwiththeseinputsw!ouldoutputTRUE,ioutputstheGpMortionx|ofx}thing2Wfromthe rstinstanceofthing1Wtotheend.T IfMEMBERPw!ouldoutputGFALSE,joutputsCYtheCXempt!ywordorlistCYaccordingtothetypMeofCYthing2.ItisanerrorforGthing2tofbMeanarra!ye.GSeef[MEMBERP],page15,.#ٍGmlowercase3.LOWERCASEwordGoutputsqacop!yoftheinputword,RbutwithalluppMercaseletterschangedtothecorrespMondingGlo!wercasefletter.#؍Gmuppiercase3.UPPERCASEwordGoutputsacop!yoftheinputword,4butwithalllowercaseletterschangedtothecorrespMondingGuppMercasefletter.#؍Gmstandout3.STANDOUTthingGoutputsaw!ordthat,whenprinted,willappMearliketheinputbutdisplayedinstandoutGmoMde(boldface,urev!ersevideo,uorwhateveryourversiondoMesforstandout). 5uThewordGcon!tainsmachine-spMeci cmagiccharactersatthebMeginningandend;Binbet!weenistheGprin!tedRformR(asifdisplayedusingRTYPE)oftheinput.Theoutputisalw!aysRaw!ord,cevenRifGtheginputisofsomeothert!ypMe,tNbutgitmayincludespacesandotherformattingcharacters.GNote:%aw!ordoutputbySTANDOUTwhileLogoisrunningononemac!hinewillprobablynotGha!vefthedesirede ectifprin!tedonanothertypMeofmachine.GInxthex Macin!toshclassicversion,athewaythatstandoutx worksisincompatiblewithx theuseGof|c!haracterswhose|ASCIMI|{code|isgreaterthan127.Therefore,y!ouhavea|choicetomake:GThefinstruction.CANINVERSE0G183)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gdisablesfstandout,butenablesthedispla!yofASCIMIcodesabo!vef127,andtheinstruction33.CANINVERSE1GrestoresE[thedefaultsituationinwhic!hstandoutisenabledandtheextragraphiccharacters 33GcannotfbMeprin!ted.Gmparse3.PARSEwordGoutputs\thelistthatw!ouldresultiftheinput\wordwereenteredinrespMonsetoaREADLISTGopMeration.{Thatis,GPARSEREADWORDUhasthesamevdDalueasREADLISTforthesamec!haractersGread.GSeef[READLIST],page20,,[READ!WORD],fpage20,Gmrunparse3.RUNPARSEwordorlistGoutputs2the2listthatw!ouldresultiftheinputw!ordorlistw!ereenteredas2aninstructionGline;8c!haracterssuchasin xopMeratorsandparenthesesareseparatemembMersoftheoutput.GNotefthatsublistsofarunparsedlistarenotthemselv!esrunparsed.ߍ1933͍GZ3 QCommuunication(#Gc3.1Tfransmitters33GNote:IfathereisavdDariablenamedPRINTDEPTHLIMITwithanonnegativ!eintegervdDalue, 33Gthencomplexlistandarra!ystructureswillbMeprin!tedonlytotheallo!weddepth.XThatis,Gmem!bMersMofmembMersof...0ofmembMerswillbeLallo!wedMonlysofar.0Themem!bersomittedGbMecauseqtheyqarejustpastthedepthlimitareindicatedb!yanellipsisforeac!hone,soaGtoMo-deepflistoft!wofmembersfwillprin!tas[......]7c`.33GIfthereisavdDariablenamedPRINTWIDTHLIMITwithanonnegativ!eintegervdDalue,*thenonlyGthe rstsoman!ymembMersofanyarrayorlistwillbMeprinted.AsingleellipsisreplacesallGmissing6data6withinthestructure.Thewidthlimitalsoappliestothen!umbMerof6charactersGprin!tedinaword,qexceptthataPRINTWIDTHLIMITbMet!ween0and9willbMetreatedasifitGw!ere10whenappliedtow!ords.Thislimitappliesnotonlytothetop-lev!elprinteddatumGbutftoan!ysubstructureswithinit.GSeef[PRINTDEPTHLIMIT],page90,,[PRINTWIDTHLIMIT],page90,GIf[,thereisa[-vdDariablenamedFULLPRINTPwhosevalueis[-TRUE,j7thenw!ords[,thatwerecreatedGusingNbac!kslashMorverticalMbar(toincludec!haractersthatw!ouldotherwisenotbMetreatedasGpartdZofd[aw!ord)areprin!tedwiththebac!kslashesorv!erticalbarssho!wn,qsothattheprin!tedGresultacouldbMere-readb!yLogotoproducethesamevdDalue.IfFULLPRINTPisTRUEthentheGempt!yfword(howeveritwascreated)printsas||.(Otherwiseitprintsasnothingatall.)GSeef[FULLPRINTP],page90,. Gmprint3.PRINTthing.PRthing.(PRINTthing1thing2...).(PRthing1thing2...)Gcommand.пPrin!ts the inputorinputstothecurren!twritestream(initiallythescreen).пAllGthe*#inputs*"areprin!tedonasingleline,Kseparatedb!yspaces,endingwitha*"newline.iIfanGinputVisUalist,squarebrac!ketsVarenotprin!tedaroundit,butbrac!ketsVareprintedVaroundGsublists.Bracesfarealw!aysfprintedaroundarrays. Gmtypie3.TYPEthing.(TYPEthing1thing2...)Gcommand.Prin!tstheinputorinputslikePRINT, >exceptthatnonewlinecharacterisprintedGattheendandm!ultipleinputsarenotseparatedb!yspaces.ќNote:}printingtothescreenisGordinarilylinebu erednR;/thatis,Othec!haractersyouprintusingTYPEwillnotactuallyappMearGonGmshow3.SHOWthing.(SHOWthing1thing2...)Gcommand.DPrin!tstheinputorinputslikePRINT, exceptthatifaninputisalistitisprin!tedGinsidefsquarebrac!kets.GSeef[PRINT],page19,.7܍Gc3.2Receivers%>Gmreadlist3.READLIST.RLGreadsalinefromthereadstream(initiallythek!eybMoard)andoutputsthatlineasalist.TheGline7Mis7Nseparatedin!tomembMers7Masthoughitw!eretypMed7Minsquarebrac!kets7Minaninstruction.GIf4Athe4Breadstreamisa le,Kandtheendof leisreac!hed,KREADLISToutputstheempt!ywordG(not')theempt!ylist).tREADLISTproMcessesbackslash,@verticalbar,@andtildecharactersintheGread/stream;the.outputlistwillnotcon!tainthesec!haractersbuttheywillha!vehad/theirGusualfe ect.READLISTdoMesnot,ho!wever,ftreatsemicolonasacommen!tcharacter.%=Gmreadword3.READWORD.RWGreadsLalinefromMthereadstreamandoutputsthatlineasaw!ord.TheoutputisasingleGw!ord.even/ifthelinecon!tainsspaces,abrackets,`etc.t6Ifthe/readstreamisa le,aandtheGendP of leisreac!hed,zrREADWORDoutputstheemptylist(nottheemptyword).READWORDGproMcesses|,bac!kslash,verticalbar,andtildecharacters|-inthereadstream._0InthecaseofGatildeusedforlinecon!tinuation,2theoutputworddopesincludethetildeandthenewlineGc!haracters,iso5that4theuserprogramcantellexactlywhattheuserentered.JVeerticalbarsGinGmreadrawline3.READRAWLINEGreadsLalinefromMthereadstreamandoutputsthatlineasaw!ord.TheoutputisasingleGw!ordnevennifthelinecon!tainsspaces,ybrackets,etc.@Ifnthenreadstreamisa le,yandtheendGoff? leisf>reac!hed,sREADRAWLINEoutputstheempt!ylist(nottheemptyf>word).{READRAWLINE9GChapterf3:Comm!unication"m2133͍Goutputstheexactstringofc!haractersastheyappMearintheline,withnospMecialmeaning 33Gforfbac!kslash,verticalbar,tilde,oranyotherformattingcharacters.33GSeef[READ!WORD],page20,.LύGmreadchar3.READCHAR.RCGreadsasinglec!haracterfromthereadstreamandoutputsthatc!haracterasaw!ord.IftheGreadLstreamisa le,andtheendof leMisreac!hed,READCHARoutputstheempt!ylist(nottheGempt!y0word).$otherOPENvdDarian!ts,will>acceptasinputat!wo-element=list,@3inGwhic!h6the6 rstelementmust6bMeavdDariablename,Landthesecondm!ustbMeapMositiv!einteger.GA~c!haracter~bu erof~thespMeci edsizewillbe~created.ЩWhenaSETWRITEisdonewiththisGsameflist(inthesenseof.EQ,notacop!ye,soyoumustdosomethinglike.?make"buf[foo100].?openwrite:buf.?setwrite:bufED[...].?close:bufGChapterf3:Comm!unication"m2333͍Gandfnotjust33.?openwrite[foo100] 33.?setwrite[foo100]Gand̐sȏon),theprin!tedcharactersarestored̑inthebu er;ߥwhenaCLOSEisdonewiththeGsamelistasinput,thec!haractersfromthebu er(treatedasonelongw!ord,evenifspacesGandfnewlinesareincluded)bMecomethevdDalueofthespeci edvdDariable.Gmopienappend3.OPENAPPENDfilenameGcommand.ROpMensthenamed leforwriting.RIfthe lealreadyexists,thewritepMositionisGinitiallyfsettotheendoftheold le,sothatnewlywrittendatawillbMeappendedtoit.Gmopienupdate3.OPENUPDATEfilenameGcommand.vOpMens.the.named leforreadingandwriting.vThereadandwritepMositionisGinitiallyVHsettotheendoftheold le,@ifan!ye.Note:=eachVHopMen lehasonlyoneposition,GforwbMothwreadingandwriting.KIfa leopMenedforupdateiswbothREADERandWRITERwattheGsame$_time,>`then$^SETREADPOSwillalsoa ectWRITEPOSandvicev!ersa.Also,>`ifyou$_alternateGreadingandwritingthesame le, y!oumustSETREADPOSbMetweenawriteandaread, andGSETWRITEPOSfbMet!weenareadandawrite.GSeed[READER],pagec25,,[WRITER],paged25,,[SETREADPOS],page25,,[SETWRITE-GPOS],fpage25,Gmclose3.CLOSEfilenameGcommand.LClosesUthenamed le.Ifthe lew!ascurrentlythereaderorwriter,TthentheGreaderforwriterisc!hangedtothefkeybMoardorscreen,asifSETREAD[]BJ*orSETWRITE[]GhadfbMeendone.Gmallopien3.ALLOPENGoutputsalistwhosemem!bMersarethenamesofall lescurren!tlyopMen.̤ThislistdoMesnotGincludefthedribble le,ifan!ye.Gmcloseall3.CLOSEALL(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.ClosesfallopMen les.AbbreviatesFOREACHALLOPEN[CLOSE?]GSeef[F!OREACH],page76,,[CLOSE],page23,Gmerase le.ERASEFILEfilename+G243)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍.ERFfilename33Gcommand.Erasesf(deletes,remo!ves)fthenamed le,whic!hshouldnotcurrentlybMeopen.hGmdribble3.DRIBBLEfilenameGcommand.jCreates anew lewhosenameistheinput,lik!eOPENWRITE,andbMeginsrecording 33Ginthat leev!erythingthatisreadfromthekeybMoardorwrittentotheterminal.Thatis,GthiswritingisinadditiontothewritingtoWRITER.>Thein!tentistocreateatranscriptofGafLogosession,includingthingslik!epromptcharactersandinteractions.33GSeef[OPENWRITE],page22,,[WRITER],page25,Gmnoidribble3.NODRIBBLEGcommand.Stopsfcop!yinginformationintothedribble le,andclosesthe le.Gmsetread3.SETREADfilenameGcommand.|Mak!esGtheGnamed lethereadstream,ousedforREADLIST,etc.}The lem!ust 33GalreadybMeopenwithOPENREADorOPENUPDATE.Iftheinputistheempt!ylist,:'thenthereadGstreambMecomesthek!eyboard,(asusual.:ChangingthereadstreamdoMesnotclosethe leGthatfw!aspreviouslythereadstream,soitispMossibletoalternatebet!weenf les.33GSeef[READLIST],page20,,[OPENREAD],page22,,[OPENUPD!AeTE],page23,Gmsetwrite3.SETWRITEfilenameGcommand.Mak!esthenamed lethewritestream,[usedforPRINT,[etc.The lem!ust 33Galready3bMeopen3withOPENWRITE,VOPENAPPEND,or3OPENUPDATE.oIftheinputistheempt!yGlist,%8then the writestreambMecomesthescreen,as usual.xHtmarginspaces,Aandonev!eryinvoMcation 33Gof{eSETCURSORthe{fmarginswillbMeaddedtotheinputxandycoMordinates.\(CURSORwillGrepMort5the5cursorposition5relativ!etothemargins,LsothatthisshiftwillbMein!visibletoLogoGprograms.)ThevpurpMoseofwthiscommandistoaccommoMdatethedispla!yofterminalscreensGin;lecture;hallswithinadequateTV;monitorsthatmissthetopandleftedgesofthescreen.33GSeef[SETCURSOR],page26,.35Gmsettextcolor3.SETTEXTCOLORforegroundbackground.SETTCforegroundbackgroundGcommand(wxWidgetsonly).Theinputsarecolorn!umbMers,orRGBXcolorlists,asforturtleGgraphics.Theforegroundandbac!kgroundcolorsforthetextscreen/splitscreentextwindo!wGarec!hangedtothegiv!envdDalues.Thechangea ectstextalreadyprin!tedasw!ellasfutureGtextfprin!ting;thereisonlyonetextcolorfortheentirewindow.GCommand{p(non-wxWidgetsWindo!ws{qandDOS{eextendedonly).ϋTheinputsarecolorn!um-GbMers,vasjforturtlejgraphics.Feutureprin!tingtothetextwindo!wwillusethespMeci edcolorsGfor:foreground:(thec!haractersprinted):andbackground:(thespaceunderthosec!harac-Gters).*qUsingSTANDOUTwillrev!erttothedefaulttextwindo!wcolors.*qIntheDOSextendedG(ucblogo.exe)v!ersion,colorsintextscreenmoMdearelimitedtonumbMers0-7,andthecol-Goringʁappliesonlytoʀtextprin!tedbytheprogram,ӇnottotheechoingofʀtexttypMedbytheGuser.A8NeitherlimitationappliestothetextpMortionofsplitscreenmoMde,:vwhic!hisactuallyGdra!wnfasgraphicsinternallye.GSeef[STeANDOUT],page17,.35Gmincreasefont3.INCREASEFONT.DECREASEFONTGcommand(wxWidgetsonly).sIncreaseordecreasethesizeofthefon!tusedinthetextandGeditfwindo!wstothenextlargerorsmalleravdDailablesize.34Gmsettextsize3.SETTEXTSIZEheightGcommandK(wxWidgetsonly).4SettheL"pMoin!tsize"ofthefon!tusedinthetextandeditGwindo!ws'to'~thegiven'~integerinput.a&Thedesired'~sizemay'~notbMea!vdDailable,Ginwhich'caseGthe;nearesta!vdDailable-(3+4).-3+43means>(-3)+4Gmproiduct3.PRODUCTnum1num2.(PRODUCTnum1num2num3...).num1*num2GoutputsftheproMductofitsinputs.Gmquotient3.QUOTIENTnum1num2.(QUOTIENTnum).num1/num2GoutputsU)thequotien!tU*ofitsinputs.'ThequotientoftwoU*integersisanintegerU*ifandonlyGifQthedividendisam!ultipleofthedivisor.(Inotherwords,|QUOTIENT52M8is2.5,|not2,Gbut?QUOTIENT42Lzuis?2,unot>2.0|itdoMestherigh!tthing.)(fWithasingleinput,uQUOTIENTGoutputsfthereciproMcaloftheinput.>G303)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gmremainder3.REMAINDERnum1num233GoutputsRtheSremainderondividingn!um1mbyRnum29;ZbMothmustSbMeintegersSandtheresultis 33Ganfin!tegerwiththesamesignasnum1.Gmmoidulo.MODULOnum1num2GoutputsRtheSremainderondividingn!um1mbyRnum29;ZbMothmustSbMeintegersSandtheresultis 33Ganfin!tegerwiththesamesignasnum2.Gmint.INTnumGoutputsM-itsM.inputwithfractionalpartremo!ved,vi.e.,vanM-integerwithM-thesamesignasthe 33Ginput,jwhose[absolute[vdDalueisthelargestin!tegerlessthanorequaltotheabsolutevdDalueofGthefinput.Gmround3.ROUNDnumGoutputsfthenearestin!tegertotheinput.Gmsqrt.SQRTnumGoutputsfthesquareroMotoftheinput,whic!hmustbMenonnegative.Gmpiower.POWERnum1num2Goutputsfn!um1tothenum2pMower.Ifnum1isnegative,thennum2mustbMeaninteger.Gmexp.EXPnumGoutputsfey(2.718281828+)totheinputpMo!wer.Gmlog10.LOG10numGoutputsfthecommonlogarithmoftheinput.Gmln.LNnumGoutputsfthenaturallogarithmoftheinput. MGChapterf4:Arithmetic:>3133͍Gmsin3.SINdegrees33Goutputsfthesineofitsinput,whic!histakenindegrees.uGmradsin.RADSINradiansGoutputsfthesineofitsinput,whic!histakeninradians.uGmcos.COSdegreesGoutputsfthecosineofitsinput,whic!histakenindegrees.uGmradcos.RADCOSradiansGoutputsfthecosineofitsinput,whic!histakeninradians.uGmarctan.ARCTANnum 33.(ARCTANxy)Goutputs the arctangen!t,#indegrees,ofits input. Witht!wo inputs,outputsthe arctangen!tGoffy/x,ifxisnonzero,or90or{90depMendingonthesignofye,ifxiszero.uGmradarctan3.RADARCTANnum.(RADARCTANxy)Goutputs the arctangen!t,#inradians,ofits input. Witht!wo inputs,outputs thearctangen!tGoffy/x,ifxisnonzero,orpi/2or{pi/2depMendingonthesignofye,ifxiszero.GThefexpression2*(RADARCTAN01)icanbMeusedtogetthevdDalueofpi.uGmiseq3.ISEQfromto(libraryprocedure)Goutputsfalistofthein!tegersfromfromtoto,inclusive..?showiseq37.[34567].?showiseq73.[76543]uGmrseq3.RSEQfromtocount(libraryprocedure)Goutputsfalistofcoun!tfequallyspacedrationalnumbMersbet!weenffromandto,inclusiv!e. &}G323)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍.?showrseq359 33.[33.253.53.7544.254.54.755].?showrseq355.[33.544.55]gGc4.2Numericf@PredicatesIGmlessp3.LESSPnum1num2.LESS?num1num2.num1num233GoutputsfTRUEifits rstinputisstrictlygreaterthanitssecond.IGmlessequalp.LESSEQUALPnum1num2.LESSEQUAL?num1num2.num1<=num233GoutputsfTRUEifits rstinputislessthanorequaltoitssecond.IGmgreaterequalp.GREATEREQUALPnum1num2.GREATEREQUAL?num1num2.num1>=num233GoutputsfTRUEifits rstinputisgreaterthanorequaltoitssecond.hGc4.3Randomf@Numbs3ersIGmrandom.RANDOMnum.(RANDOMstartend)33Gwith}one}input,outputsarandomnonnegativ!einteger}lessthanitsinput,whic!hmust}bMeaGpMositiv!efinteger.GWith\t!wo\inputs,kyRANDOMoutputsarandomin!tegergreaterthanorequaltothe rstinput,Gandlessthanorequaltothesecondinput.^Bothinputsm!ustbMeintegers,andthe rstGm!ustRbMeQlessthanthesecond.,(RANDOM09)M}uisequivdDalen!ttoRANDOM107aK;(RANDOM38)LEMisGequivdDalen!tfto(RANDOM6)+3H^.!-GChapterf4:Arithmetic:>3333͍Gmrerandom3.RERANDOM 33.(RERANDOMseed)33Gcommand.`Mak!es'$the'#resultsofRANDOMreproMducible.Ordinarily'$thesequenceofrandomGn!umbMersisdi eren!teachtimeLogoisused.~Ifyouneedthesamesequenceofpseudo-randomGn!umbMers repeatedlye,%@e.g.Ntodebugaprogram,sa!yRERANDOMbMeforethe rstinvoMcationofGRANDOM.Ify!ouneedmorethanonerepMeatablesequence,youcangiveRERANDOManintegerGinput;feac!hpMossibleinputselectsauniquesequenceofnumbMers.~Gc4.4Printf@FformattingGmform.FORMnumwidthprecision33Goutputsaw!ord containingaprin!tablerepresentationof num,pMossiblyprecededbyspacesG(andthereforenotan!umbMerforpurposesofpMerformingarithmeticopMerations),withatleastGwidthc!haracters,includingexactlyprecisiondigitsafterthedecimalpMoin!t.D(IfprecisionisG0fthentherewillbMenodecimalpoin!tintheoutput.)GAs9a9debuggingfeature,OQ(FORMnum-1formatgy)willprin!tthe oatingpMoint9numaccordingGtoftheCprin!tfformat,toallow.tohex:num.opform:num-1"|%08X%08X|.endGtoallo!w ndingouttheexactresultof oatingpMoin!toperations.]ThepreciseformatneededGma!yfbMemachine-depMendent.}Gc4.5Bitwisef@Ops3erationsGmbitand3.BITANDnum1num2.(BITANDnum1num2num3...)Goutputsfthebit!wiseandofitsinputs,whichmustbMeintegers.GSeef[AND],page35,.Gmbitor3.BITORnum1num2.(BITORnum1num2num3...)Goutputsfthebit!wiseoroofitsinputs,whichmustbMeintegers.GSeef[OR],page35,.Gmbitxor3.BITXORnum1num2"3͍G343)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍.(BITXORnum1num2num3...)33Goutputsfthebit!wiseexclusiveoroofitsinputs,whichmustbMeintegers.GSeef[OR],page35,.Gmbitnot3.BITNOTnumGoutputsfthebit!wisenotfofitsinput,whichmustbMeaninteger.GSeef[NOT],page35,.Gmashift3.ASHIFTnum1num2Goutputsn!um1Iarithmetic-shiftedtotheleftbynum2Ibits.Ifnum2Jisnegative,theshiftis 33Gtoftherigh!twithsignextension.TheinputsmustbMeintegers.Gmlshift3.LSHIFTnum1num2Goutputsn!um1logical-shiftedtotheleftbynum2bits.IIfnum2isnegative,theshiftisto 33Gthefrigh!twithzero ll.TheinputsmustbMeintegers.#inwhic!hcaseitistakenasanGexpression@ torun;thatexpressionm!ustproMduceaTRUEorFALSEvdDalue. ListexpressionsGareA4evdDaluatedA3fromlefttorigh!t;bassoMonasaFALSEvdDalueisfound,UqtheremaininginputsareGnotfexamined.Example:.MAKE"RESULTAND[NOT(:X=0)][(1/:X)>.5]Gtofa!voidthedivisionbyzeroifthe rstpartisfalse.GSeef[CASEIGNOREDP],page89,.Gmor3.ORtf1tf2.(ORtf1tf2tf3...)GoutputsTRUEifan!yinputisTRUE,otherwiseFALSE.$AllinputsmustbMeTRUEorFALSE.G(Comparisoniscase-insensitiv!eregardlessofthevdDalueofCASEIGNOREDP.Thatis,trueorGTrueorTRUEareallthesame.)AninputcanbMealist,>inwhic!hcaseitistakenasanGexpression@ torun;thatexpressionm!ustproMduceaTRUEorFALSEvdDalue. ListexpressionsGareevdDaluatedfromlefttorigh!t;assoMonasaTRUEvalueisfound,theremaininginputsareGnotfexamined.Example:.IFOR:X=0[some.long.computation][...]Gtofa!voidthelongcomputationifthe rstconditionismet.GSeef[CASEIGNOREDP],page89,.Gmnot3.NOTtfGoutputsKTRUEJiftheinputisFALSE,andvicev!ersa.TheinputcanbMealist,inwhic!hcaseGitfistak!enasanexpressiontorun;thatexpressionmustproMduceaTRUEorFALSEvdDalue.$@433%H3733͍GZ6 QGraphics$kGBerk!eleyLogoprovidestraditionalLogoturtlegraphicswithoneturtle.AMultipleturtles, 33Gdynamic=turtles,8andcollision>detectionarenotsuppMorted.cThisisthemosthardw!are-GdepMenden!tpartofLogo;Mssomefeaturesmayexistonsomemachinesbutnotothers.+Nev-Gertheless,9the|goal|hasbMeentomak!eLogoprogramsaspMortableaspMossible,9ratherthanGtotak!efullestadvdDantageofthecapabilitiesofeac!hmachine.\Inparticular,^LogoattemptsGtoscalethescreensothatturtlecoMordinates[{100{100]and[100100] tonthegraphicsGwindo!w,fandsothattheaspMectratiois1:1.33GThecen!terofthegraphicswindow(whichmayormaynotbMetheentirescreen,KdepMendingGon1themac!hineused)1isturtleloMcation[00].Positive1X1istotheright;wpMositiveY1isup.GHeadingsi'(angles)i(aremeasuredindegreescloMc!kwisefromthepMositiv!eYiaxis.s(Thisdi ersGfromthecommonmathematicalcon!ventionofmeasuringanglescoun!tercloMckwisefromtheGpMositiv!es{Xsnaxis.)Theturtleisrepresenteds|asanisoMcelestriangle;ttheactualturtlepositionGisKatthemidpMoin!tofthebase(theshortside).*However,#theturtleisdrawnonestepbMehindGitsJactualpMosition,ԂsothattheIdispla!yofthebaseoftheturtle'striangledoMesnotobscureGaflinedra!wnpMerpendicularftoit(aswouldhappMenafterdrawingasquare).GColorsare,ofcourse,hardw!are-depMendent.`However,Logoprovidespartialhardwareinde-GpMendencefb!yinterpretingcolornumbMers0through7uniformlyonallcomputers:.0 Tblack-P1blue32green3cyan.4 Tred9|5magenta"}6yellow(=7whiteGWherepMossible, Logopro!videsadditionaluser-settablecolors;!ho!wmanyareavdDailablede-GpMends¡on¢thehardw!areandopMeratingsystemen!vironment.If¡atleast16colorsarea!vdDailable,GLogoftriestopro!videuniforminitialsettingsforthecolors8-15:4F8 Tbrown-P9tan310forest"}11aqua.12 Tsalmon"}13purple14orange15greyGLogofbMeginswithablac!kbackgroundandwhitepMen. )捍Gc6.1Tfurtlef@MotionGmforward3.FORWARDdist.FDdistGmo!veswtheturtleforw!ard,inthedirectionthatit'sfacing,b!ythespMeci eddistance(measuredGinfturtlesteps).Gmback3.BACKdist.BKdistGmo!ves}@theturtlebac!kward,i.e.,exactly}@oppMositetothedirectionthatit'sfacing,b!ytheGspMeci edfdistance.(Theheadingoftheturtledoesnotc!hange.)&HɍG383)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gmleft3.LEFTdegrees 33.LTdegrees33GturnsWHtheturtleWGcoun!tercloMckwiseWHbythespMeci edWGangle,measuredindegrees(1/360ofaGcircle).JGmright.RIGHTdegrees.RTdegrees33GturnsftheturtlecloMc!kwisebythespMeci edangle,measuredindegrees(1/360ofacircle).JGmsetpios.SETPOSposGmo!vestheturtletoanabsolutepMositioninthegraphicswindo!w.Theinputisalistoft!wo 33Gn!umbMers,ftheXandYcoordinates.JGmsetxy.SETXYxcorycorGmo!vesbtheturtlebtoanabsolutepMositioninthegraphicswindo!w. Thetwobinputsare 33Gn!umbMers,ftheXandYcoordinates.IGmsetx.SETXxcorGmo!vesrGtherHturtlehorizon!tallyfromitsoldpMositiontoanewabsolutehorizon!talcoMordinate. 33GThefinputisthenewXcoMordinate.JGmsety.SETYycorGmo!vestheturtlev!erticallyfromitsoldpMositiontoanewabsoluteverticalcoMordinate.ԶThe 33GinputfisthenewYcoMordinate.JGmsetheading.SETHEADINGdegrees.SETHdegrees33Gturns^the]turtletoanewabsoluteheading.Theinputisan!umbMer,the^headingindegreesGcloMc!kwiseffromthepositiv!eYaxis.JGmhome.HOME33Gmo!vesftheturtletothecen!terofthescreen.EquivdDalenttoSETPOS[00]SETHEADING0.GSeef[SETPOS],page38,,See[SETHEADING],page38,.'U/GChapterf6:GraphicsC3933͍Gmarc3.ARCangleradius33Gdra!wsanarcofacircle,withtheturtleatthecenter,withthespMeci edradius,startingat 33Gthe Iturtle'sheadingandextendingcloMc!kwisethroughthespeci edangle.TheturtledoesGnotfmo!ve.OGc6.2Tfurtlef@MotionQueriesOGmpios.POS33Goutputsftheturtle'scurren!tpMosition,asalistoftwonumbMers,theXandYcoordinates.OGmxcor.XCOR(libraryprocedure)Goutputsfan!umbMer,ftheturtle'sXcoordinate.OGmycor.YCOR(libraryprocedure)Goutputsfan!umbMer,ftheturtle'sYcoordinate.OGmheading.HEADINGGoutputsfan!umbMer,ftheturtle'sheadingindegrees.OGmtowards.TOWARDSposGoutputsan!umbMer,&theheadingatwhic!htheturtleshouldbefacingsothatitw!ouldpoin!t 33Gfromfitscurren!tpMositiontothepositiongiv!enastheinput.OGmscrunch.SCRUNCHGoutputsalistcon!tainingtwonumbMers,theXձandYղscrunchfactors,asusedbySETSCRUNCH. 33G(ButfnotethatSETSCRUNCHtak!estwonumbMersasinputs,notonelistofnumbMers.)GSeef[SETSCR!UNCH],page42,.OGc6.3Tfurtlef@andWindowControlOGmshowturtle.SHOWTURTLE 33.STGmak!esftheturtlevisible.(\;G403)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gmhideturtle3.HIDETURTLE 33.HT33Gmak!es2Ithe2Hturtleinvisible. It'sa2HgoMod2Iideatodothiswhiley!ou'reinthemiddleofaGcomplicatedfdra!wing,bMecausehidingtheturtlespeedsupthedra!wingsubstantiallye.=rGmclean.CLEAN33Gerasesalllinesthattheturtlehasdra!wnonthegraphicswindo!w.Theturtle'sstate(pMosi-Gtion,fheading,pMenmode,etc.)isnotc!hanged.=rGmclearscreen.CLEARSCREEN.CS33Gerases\hthe\ggraphicswindo!wandsendstheturtletoitsinitialpMositionandheading.Lik!eGHOMEfandCLEANtogether.GSeef[HOME],page38,.=qGmwrap3.WRAPGtellstheturtletoen!terwrapmoMde:Feromnowon,-iftheturtleisaskedtomovepasttheGbMoundaryPofPthegraphicswindo!w,aitwill"wraparound"andreappMearattheoppMositeedgeGofthewindo!w.=ThetopedgewrapstothebMottomedge,9whiletheleftedgewrapstotheGrigh!tedge.(SothewindowistopMologicallyequivdDalenttoatorus.)Thisistheturtle'sinitialGmoMde.ComparefWINDOWandFENCE.GSeef[FENCE],page40,.=rGmwindow3.WINDOWGtellsrtherturtletoen!terwindowrmoMde:vFeromno!won,iftheturtleisask!edtomo!verpastGthebMoundary~ofthegraphicswindo!w,itwillmo!veo screen.}&Thevisiblegraphicswindo!wGis considered asjustpartofanin nitegraphicsplane;;theturtlecanbMean!ywhereontheGplane.(IfOy!ouNlosetheturtle,' HOMEwillbringitbac!ktothecen!terofthewindo!w.)CompareGWRAPfandFENCE.GSeef[HOME],page38,.=rGmfence3.FENCEGtells)theturtletoen!terfencemoMde:bFeromnowon,)Zifthe(turtleisaskedtomovepasttheGbMoundaryofthegraphicswindo!w,>ditwillmoveasfarasitcanandthenstopattheedgeGwithfan"outofbMounds"errormessage.CompareWRAPandWINDOW.)bэGChapterf6:GraphicsC4133͍GSeef[WRAP],page40,.Gm ll3.FILL33G llsinaregionofthegraphicswindo!wcontainingtheturtleandbMoundedb!ylinesthat 33Gha!ve8 bMeen8 drawnearlier.Thisis8 notpMortable;itdoesn't8 w!orkforallmac!hines,\sandmayGnotfw!orkexactlythesamewayondi erentmachines.Gm lled.FILLEDcolorinstructions33Grunsʼntheňinstructions,Qremem!bMeringallpoin!tsňvisitedbyturtleňmotioncommands,QstartingGandendingRwithZtheturtle'sinitialpMosition.'Thendra!ws(ignoringpenmode)theresult-GingEpMolygon,mbinEthecurren!tpencolor,mb llingthepolygonwiththegiv!enEcolor,mbwhichEcanGbMe{Ra{Scolorn!umber{Sor{RanR!GB{list.\TheinstructionlistcannotincludeanotherFILLEDGin!voMcation.(wxWidgetsfonly)Gmlabiel.LABELtext33Gtak!es2awordorlistasinput,andprints1theinputonthegraphicswindow,startingattheGturtle'sfpMosition.Gmsetlabielheight.SETLABELHEIGHTheight33Gcommand](wxWidgetsonly).Teak!esapMositive]integerargumentandtriesto]setthefontGsizefsogthatthec!haracterheightg(includingdescenders)isthatman!yturtlesteps.^ThisGwillbMedi eren!tfromthenumbMerofscreenpixelsifSETSCRUNCHhasbeenused.eAlso,noteGthatSETSCRUNCHc!hangesthefontsizetotrytopreserv!ethisheightinturtlesteps.qNoteGthatBthequeryopMerationcorrespondingtoAthiscommandisLABELSIZE,9notLABELHEIGHT,GbMecausefittellsy!outhewidthaswellastheheightofcharactersinthecurrentfont.Gmtextscreen.TEXTSCREEN.TS33GrearrangesthesizeandpMositionofwindo!wstomaximizethespacea!vdDailableinthetextGwindo!w(thewindowusedforinteractionwithLogo)..Thedetailsdi eramongmachines.GComparefSPLITSCREENandFULLSCREEN.GSeef[SPLITSCREEN],page42,.Gmfullscreen3.FULLSCREEN.FSGrearrangesBGthesizeBFandpMositionofwindo!wstomaximizethespacea!vdDailableinthegraphicsGwindo!w.Thefdetailsdi eramongmachines.CompareSPLITSCREENandTEXTSCREEN.*l3G423)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍GSincetherem!ustbMeatextwindo!wtoallo!wprinting(includingtheprin!tingoftheLogo 33Gprompt),^Logo9automatically9switc!hesfromfullscreentosplitscreenwhenev!eranything9isGprin!ted.33GInq"theq!DOSpv!ersion,switchingfromq"fullscreentosplitscreenlosesthepartofthepictureGthat'shiddenb!y thetextwindow.[Thisdesigndecisionfollowsfromthe scarcityofmemorye,GsoXthattheextraXmemorytoremem!bMeraninvisiblepartofaXdrawingseemstoMoexpensiv!e.]35Gmsplitscreen3.SPLITSCREEN.SSGrearrangesxEthesizexDandpMositionofwindo!wstoallo!wsomeroMomfortextin!teractionwhilealsoGk!eepingmostofthegraphicswindowvisible.KThedetailsdi eramongmachines.JCompareGTEXTSCREENfandFULLSCREEN.GSeef[TEXTSCREEN],page41,.34Gmsetscrunch3.SETSCRUNCHxscaleyscaleGadjusts?theaspMectratio?andscalingofthegraphicsdispla!ye.Afterthiscommandisused,GallfurtherturtlemotionwillbMeadjustedb!ymultiplyingthehorizontalandverticalextentGof%Bthemotion%Ab!ythetwonumbMersgiven%Aasinputs. ZqFeorexample,aftertheinstructionGSETSCRUNCH21g motion'ataheadingof45degreeswillmo!ve'twiceasfarhorizontallyGas6v!erticallye. 8If6yoursquaresdon't6comeoutsquare,trythis. 8(Alternativ!elye,you6canGdelibMeratelyfmisadjusttheaspectratiotodra!wanellipse.)GFeorCallDmoMderncomputers,bothDscalefactorsareinitially1.vFeorDOS0mac!hines,thescaleGfactorsareinitiallysetaccordingtowhatthehardw!areclaimstheaspMectratiois,buttheGhardw!aresometimeslies.FeorDOS,thevdDaluessetb!ySETSCRUNCHareremem!bMeredina leG(calledfscrunch.dat)andareautomaticallyputin!toe ectwhenaLogosessionbMegins.35Gmrefresh3.REFRESHG(command)tellsLogotoremem!bMertheturtle'smotionssothattheycanbMeusedforhigh-Gresolution+prin!ting(wxWidgets)+ortorefreshthegraphicswindo!wifitismo!ved,M$resized,Gorfo!verlayed(non-wxWidgets).Thisisthedefault.34Gmnorefresh3.NOREFRESHG(command)tellsLogonottoremem!bMertheturtle'smotions,whichmaybMeusefultosaveGtimeandmemoryify!ourprogramisinteractiveoranimated,ratherthandrawingastaticGpicturey!ou'llwanttoprintlater(wxWidgets).Innon-wxWidgetsversions,usingNORE-GFRESHJ\ma!yJpreventJLogofromrestoringthegraphicsimageafterthewindo!wismo!ved,Gresized,foro!verlayed.35Gc6.4Tfurtlef@andWindowQueries+vGChapterf6:GraphicsC4333͍Gmshownp3.SHOWNP 33.SHOWN?33GoutputsTRUEiftheturtleissho!wn(visible),FALSEiftheturtleishidden.ёSeeSHOWTURTLEGandfHIDETURTLE.GSeef[SHO!WTUReTLE],page39,,[HIDETURTLE],page40,.񍍑Gmscreenmoide3.SCREENMODEGoutputsUNtheUMw!ordTEXTSCREEN,SPLITSCREEN,orFULLSCREENdepMendingonthecurren!tGscreenfmoMde.񍍑Gmturtlemoide3.TURTLEMODEGoutputsfthew!ordWRAP,FENCE,orWINDOWdepMendingonthecurrentturtlemoMde.Gmlabielsize3.LABELSIZEG(wxWidgets;only)outputs;alistoft!wo;pMositiveintegers,Qthewidthand;heightofcharacters 33Gdispla!yed>byLABEL>measuredinturtlesteps(whic!hwillbMedi erentfrom>screenpixelsifGSETSCRUNCHFhasFbMeenused).#ThereisnoSETLABELSIZEbMecausethewidthandheigh!tofGafon!tarenotseparatelycon!trollable,pro!videduthattthatpMositionw!aswithinthegraphicswindo!w,>inturtlecoMordinates.G(wxWidgetsfonly)CGmbuttonp.BUTTONP.BUTTON?33GoutputsJTRUEIifamousebuttonisdo!wnandthemouseiso!verJthegraphicswindo!w.~OnceGthexzbuttonx{isdo!wn,BUTTONPremainstrueun!tilthebuttonisreleased,ev!enifthemouseisGdraggedfoutofthegraphicswindo!w.CGmbutton.BUTTON33Goutputs0ifnomousebuttonhasbMeenpushedinsidetheLogowindo!wsincethelastcallGtoqBUTTON.dOtherwise,޴itoutputsanin!tegerbMetweenr1and3indicatingwhichbuttonwasGmostrecen!tlypressed.'Ordinarily1meansleft,2meansright,and3~meanscenter,butGopMeratingfsystemsma!yrecon gurethese.0H3314933͍GZ7 QWaGorkspacezManagemenut1Gc7.1Pros3ceduref@De nitionڍGmto3.TOprocname:input1:input2... T(specialform)33Gcommand. Prepares Logo toacceptaproMcedurede nition. Theprocedurewill benamed 33GproMcnameanditherem!ustnotalreadybeaprocedureib!ythatname.(]TheinputswillbeGcalled{input1[etc.ϭAn!ynumbMerofinputs{areallowed,Yincludingnone.ϭNames{ofproMceduresGandfinputsarecase-insensitiv!e.GUnlik!e8oeveryother8nLogoproMcedure,\TO8Itakesasits8ninputstheactualwords8ntypMedintheGinstructionYline,iasiftheyw!ereallYquoted,ratherthantheresultsofevdDaluatingexpressionsGtofpro!videtheinputs.(That'swhatspMecialformmeans.)GThisVbv!ersionofLogoallowsvdDariablenumbMersofinputstoaprocedure.1AftertheprocedureGnamefcomefourkindsofthings,inthisorpder-:ED1.>0ormoreREQUIREDinputs:FOO:FROBOZZED2.>0ormoreOPTIONALinputs[:BAZ87][:THINGO5+9]ED3.>0or1RESTinputD[:GARPLY]ED4.>0or1DEFAULTnumber-P5GEv!ery?KproMcedure?Jhasaminim!um,Sdefault,andmaxim!um?KnumbMerof?Jinputs.(ThelattercanGbMefin nite.)GThe:minim!um9numbMerofinputs9isthenumbMer9ofrequiredinputs,/whichmust9come rst.GAfrequiredinputisindicatedb!ythe.:inputnameGnotation.GAfteralltherequiredinputscanbMezeroormoreoptionalinputs,eac!hofwhic!hisrepresen!tedGb!yfthefollowingnotation:.[:inputnamedefault.value.expression]GWhentheproMcedureisin!voked,ifactualinputsarenotsuppliedfortheseoptionalinputs,Gthe2default2vdDalueexpressionsareevdDaluatedtosetvalues2forthecorrespMondinginputnames.GTheinputsareproMcessedfromlefttorigh!t,nsoadefaultvdDalueexpressioncanbMebasedonGearlierfinputs.Example:.toproc:inlist[:startvaluefirst:inlist]GIfftheproMcedureisin!vokedfbysaying.proc[abc]Gthen$the%vdDariableinlistwillha!ve$thevdDalue[ABC]1andthevdDariablestartvaluewillGha!vefthevdDalueA.IftheproMcedureisin!vokedfbysaying2AG503)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍.(proc[abc]"x)33Gthenfinlistwillha!vefthevdDalue[ABC]/randstartvaluewillha!vefthevalueX.GAfter!all"therequiredandoptionalinputcancomeasinglerest3!input, represen!tedby!the 33Gfollo!wingfnotation:.[:inputname]GThispisarestinputratherthananqoptionalinputbMecausethereisnodefaultvdDalueexpres-Gsion.There$can$bMeatmostonerestinput.WhentheproMcedureisin!voked,>{thevdDalue$ofthisGinputnamewill}bMe}alistcon!tainingalloftheactualinputspro!videdthatwere}notusedforGrequiredforoptionalinputs.Example:.toproc:in1[:in2"foo][:in3"baz][:in4]GIffthisproMcedureisin!vokedfbysaying.proc"xGthenin1hasthevdDalueX,3in2hasthevdDalueFOO,3in3hasthevalueBAZ,3andin4hastheGvdDaluef[](theempt!ylist).Ifit'sinvokedbysaying.(proc"a"b"c"d"e)Gthenin1hasthevdDalueA,jin2hasthevdDalueB,jin3hasthevdDalueC,jandin4hasthevdDalueG[DE].ϙ.GThemaximumn!umbMerofinputsforaproMcedureisin niteifarestinputisgiv!en;*otherwise,Gitfisthen!umbMerfofrequiredinputsplusthen!umberfofoptionalinputs.GTheEdefaultOln!umbMerEofinputsforaprocedure,mIwhic!hEisthenumbMerofinputsEthatitwillGacceptifitsin!voMcationisnotenclosedinparen!theses,0isordinarilyequaltotheminim!umGn!umbMer.KIfyouwantadi erentdefaultnumbMeryoucanindicatethatbyputtingthedesiredGdefaultfn!umbMerasthelastthingontheTOline.example:.toproc:in1[:in2"foo][:in3]3GThisproMcedurehasaminim!umofoneinput,u1adefaultofthreeinputs,u1andanin niteGmaxim!um.GLogorespMondstotheTOcommandb!yenteringproMcedurede nitionmoMde.&ThepromptGc!haracterPpchangesPofrom?to>andwhatev!erinstructionsy!outypMePobecomepartPooftheGde nitionfun!tilyoutypMealinecontainingonlythewordEND.:Gmde ne3.DEFINEprocnametextGcommand.mDe nesBaproMcedurewithnameprocnameandtexttext.lIfBthereisalreadyaGproMcedurewiththesamename,"thenewde nitionreplacestheoldone.Thetext inputm!ustGbMeCalistwhosemem!bersarelists.gThe rstmem!berisalistofinputs;+itlookslik!eaTOGlinebutwithoutthew!ordTO,ֹwithouttheproMcedurename,ֹandwithoutthecolonsbMeforeGinputnames.TInotherw!ords, BthemembMersofthis rstsublistarewordsforthenamesofGrequiredK inputsKandlistsforthenamesofoptionalorrestinputs.pTheremainingsublistsof3ݍGChapterf7:WeorkspaceManagemen!t5133͍Gthe/5textl6inputmak!eupthe/6bMody/5oftheproMcedure,G withonesublistforeac!hinstructionline 33GofthebModye.`(ThereisnoENDlineinthetextinput.)`Itisanerrortorede neaprimitiv!eGproMcedurefunlessthevdDariableREDEFPhasthevalueTRUE.33GSeef[REDEFP],page91,.gGmtext3.TEXTprocnameGoutputsthetextoftheproMcedurenamedproMcname0intheformexpMectedb!yDEFINE:'alist 33Gof lists,*the rstofwhic!hdescribMestheinputstotheproMcedureandtherestofwhic!haretheGlines3Wof3XitsbModye.The3WtextdoMesnotre ectformattinginformationusedwhentheproMcedureGw!asfde ned,suchascontinuationlinesandextraspaces.hGmfulltext.FULLTEXTprocname33Goutputsarepresen!tationoftheproMcedureprocname inwhic!hformattinginformationisGpreserv!ed.If9theproMcedurewasde nedwithTO,]EDIT,or9LOAD,thentheoutputisalistGof w!ords.Eachwordrepresents oneentire lineofthede nitionintheformoutputb!yGREADWORD,o7includingG extraGspacesandcon!tinuationG lines.Thelastmem!bMeroftheoutputGrepresen!tsxtheENDxline.ΚIftheproMcedurew!asde nedwithDEFINE,thentheoutputisalistGofaklists.Iftheselistsareprin!ted,o7onepMerline,theresultwillloMoklik!eade nitionusingTO.GNote:thefoutputfromFULLTEXTisnotsuitableforuseasinputtoDEFINE!GSeef[TO],page49,,[EDIT],page61,,[LO!AD],page63,,[DEFINE],page50,.gGmcopydef3.COPYDEFnewnameoldnameGcommand.=Mak!esanewnamechaproMcedureidenticaltooldname.=ThelattermaybMeaprimi-Gtiv!e.Ifnewname\wasalreadyde ned,itspreviousde nitionislost.Ifnewname\w!asalreadyGa,primitiv!e,Dtherede nitionisnotpMermittedunless,thevdDariableREDEFPhasthevalueTRUE.GNote:8dialectsofLogodi erastotheorderofinputstoCOPYDEF.Thisdialectuses"MAKEGorder,"fnot"NAMEorder."GSeef[REDEFP],page91,,[SAȈVE],page62,,[PO],page56,,[POT],page57,.gGc7.2Vfariablef@De nitionhGmmake3.MAKEvarnamevalueGcommand.AssignsxthevdDaluevalue4tothevariablenamedvarname,uwhic!hmustbMeaword.GVeariableCnamesareCcase-insensitiv!e.IfavdDariablewiththesamenamealreadyexists,jtheGvdDaluefofthatvariableisc!hanged.Ifnot,anewglobalvariableiscreated.gGmname3.NAMEvaluevarname(libraryprocedure)4ЍG523)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gcommand.SamefasMAKEbutwiththeinputsinrev!erseorder."L΍Gmloical3.LOCALvarname 33.LOCALvarnamelist.(LOCALvarname1varname2...)33Gcommand.Accepts%asinputsoneor$morew!ords,*oralistofwords.A vdDariableiscreatedGfor#eac!h#ofthesew!ords,=withthatw!ordasitsname.DThevdDariablesareloMcaltothecurren!tlyGrunningOproMcedure.ټLogovdDariablesfollo!wdynamicOscoperules;UavdDariablethatOislocaltoGa6proMcedure7isa!vdDailabletoany7subproMcedureinvokedby7thatproMcedure.NThevdDariablesGcreated7b!y8LOCALhave8noinitialvdDalue;Ktheymust8bMeassignedavdDalue(e.g.,lwithMAKE)GbMeforeftheprocedureattemptstoreadtheirvdDalue.GSeef[MAKE],page51,."LύGmloicalmake3.LOCALMAKEvarnamevalue(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.4SMak!es9the8namedvdDariableloMcal,mlikeLOCAL,mandassignsitthegivenvdDalue,mlikeGMAKE.GSeef[LOCAL],page52,,See[MAKE],page51,."L΍Gmthing3.THINGvarname.:quoted.varnameGoutputs2the1vdDalueofthevariable1whosenameistheinput.AIfthereismorethanonesuc!hGvdDariable,"the֫innermost֬loMcalvariableof֫thatnameisc!hosen.nThecolonnotationisanGabbreviationfnotforTHINGbutforthecom!bination.thing"Gsofthat:FOOKtmeansTHING"FOO=# ."L΍Gmglobal3.GLOBALvarname.GLOBALvarnamelist.(GLOBALvarname1varname2...)Gcommand.Accepts]qas]pinputsoneormorew!ords,3oralistofwords.A]AglobalvdDariableisGcreatedforeac!hofthesew!ords,withthatwordasitsname.TheonlyreasonthisisnecessaryGiskthatky!oumightwantktousethe"setter"notationSETXYZforavdDariableXYZthatdoMesGnotwalreadywha!veawvdDalue;AGLOBAL"XYZF;?makesthatlegal.KNote:ƂIftherewiscurrentlywaloMcalGvdDariablekofthesamejname,thiscommanddoMes*not*mak!eLogousetheglobalvdDalueinsteadGofftheloMcalone.5 GChapterf7:WeorkspaceManagemen!t5333͍Gc7.3Props3ertyf@Lists33GNote:NamesMofLpropMert!ylistsarealw!aysLcase-insensitive.0NamesofLindividualpropMerties 33GareМcase-sensitiv!eНorcase-insensitivedepMendingНonthevdDalueofCASEIGNOREDP,^whic!hisTRUEGb!yfdefault.33GSeef[CASEIGNOREDP],page89,.GIn\@principle,ev!erypMossible\?nameisthenameofapropMert!ylist,whichis\?initiallyemptye. 33GSoJLogonev!ergivesa"nosuchpropMertylist"error,asitwouldforunde nedproMcedureorGvdDariableQnames.ButtheRprimitiv!eproMceduresthatdealwith"all"propMert!ylists(CONTENTS,GPLISTS,>etc.)list$onlynonempt!yones.Teo"erase"a$propMert!ylist[ERASE],page57,>meansGtofmak!eitemptye,removingallpropMertiesfromit.Gmpprop3.PPROPplistnamepropnamevalue33Gcommand.ڢAddsapropMert!ytotheplistname9propert!ylistwithnamepropname9andvdDalueGvdDalue.Gmgprop.GPROPplistnamepropname33Goutputs6wthe6xvdDalueofthepropnamepropMert!yintheplistname~propMert!ylist,Z{ortheempt!yGlistfifthereisnosuc!hpropMertye.Gmremprop.REMPROPplistnamepropname33Gcommand.6Remo!vesrtheqpropMertynamedrpropname`xfromthepropMert!ylistnamedplistname.Gmplist.PLISTplistnameGoutputscalistwhoseoMdd-n!umberedcmemberscarethenames,_andwhoseev!en-numbered 33Gmem!bMersarethevdDalues,4ofthepropertiesinthepropert!ylistnamedplistname.nTheoutputGis0acop!yoftheactualpropMertylist;changingpropMertieslaterwillnotmagicallychangeaGlistfoutputearlierb!yPLIST.Gc7.4Wforkspacef@PredicatesGmproicedurep.PROCEDUREPname.PROCEDURE?name33GoutputsfTRUEiftheinputisthenameofaproMcedure.Gmprimitivep.PRIMITIVEPname.PRIMITIVE?name6G543)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Goutputss^TRUEs]iftheinputisthenameofaprimitiv!eproMcedure(onebuiltin!toLogo). 33GNoteIthatIsomeoftheproMceduresdescribedinthisIdocumen!tarelibraryIprocedures,rnotGprimitiv!es.pGmde nedp3.DEFINEDPname.DEFINED?name33Goutputs`vTRUE`uiftheinputisthenameofauser-de nedproMcedure,includingalibraryGproMcedure.pGmnamep.NAMEPname.NAME?name33GoutputsfTRUEiftheinputisthenameofavdDariable.pGmplistp.PLISTPname.PLIST?name33GoutputsETRUEEiftheinputisthenameofanonempty=propMert!ylist.(Inprincipleev!erywordGisthenameofapropMert!ylist;;ifyouhaven'tputanypropMertiesinit,PLISTofthatnameGoutputsfanempt!ylist,ratherthangivinganerrormessage.)pGc7.5Wforkspacef@Queries33GNote:qAllproMcedureswhoseinputisindicatedascon!tentslistXwillacceptasinglew!ordG(tak!en_~as_aproMcedurename),alistofw!ords(takenas_namesofproMcedures),oralistofGthreeflistsasdescribMedundertheCONTENTScommandabo!ve.pGmcontents.CONTENTS33Goutputs5a4"con!tentslist,"4i.e., alistofthreelistscon!tainingnamesofde nedproMcedures,GvdDariables,Giand/propMert!ylistsrespectiv!elye.IThislistincludesall/unburiednameditemsintheGw!orkspace.pGmburied.BURIED33Goutputsfacon!tentsflistincludingallburiednameditemsinthew!orkspace.pGmtraced.TRACEDGoutputsfacon!tentsflistincludingalltracednameditemsinthew!orkspace.pGmsteppied.STEPPED7硍GChapterf7:WeorkspaceManagemen!t5533͍Goutputsfacon!tentsflistincludingallsteppMednameditemsinthew!orkspace.6܍Gmproicedures3.PROCEDURES33Goutputsalistofthenamesofallun!burieduser-de nedproMceduresinthew!orkspace.Note 33Gthat[this\isalistofnames,'+notacon!tentslist.(However,'+proMcedures[thatrequireacon!tentsGlistfasinputwillacceptthislist.)Gmprimitives3.PRIMITIVES33GoutputsY)alistoftheY*namesofallprimitiv!eproMceduresintheworkspace.NotethatthisisaGlistJ/ofJ.names,\notacon!tentsJ/list.(However,\proMceduresthatJ.requireacon!tentslistJ.asinputGwillfacceptthislist.)Gmnames3.NAMES33Goutputs@a@con!tentslist@consistingofanempt!ylist(indicatingnoproMcedurenames)follo!wedGb!yfalistofallunburiedvdDariablenamesintheworkspace.6ݍGmplists.PLISTS33Goutputsxacon!tentsxlistxconsistingoft!woxemptylists(indicatingxnoproMceduresorvdDariables)Gfollo!wedfbyalistofallunburiednonemptypropMertylistsintheworkspace.6܍Gmnamelist.NAMELISTvarname(libraryprocedure).NAMELISTvarnamelist33Goutputs{acon!tents{listconsistingzofanempt!ylistfollowedbyalistzofthenameornamesGgiv!enJasinput.ThisisusefulinconjunctionwithworkspacecontrolproMceduresthatrequireGafcon!tentslistasinput.6܍Gmpllist.PLLISTplname(libraryprocedure).PLLISTplnamelist33GoutputsMacon!tentsMlistconsistingMoft!woMemptylistsfollowedbyalistMofthenameornamesGgiv!enJasinput.ThisisusefulinconjunctionwithworkspacecontrolproMceduresthatrequireGafcon!tentslistasinput.GSeef[CONTENTS],page54,.6܍Gmarity3.ARITYprocedurename8ﲍG563)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Goutputsu$alistofthreen!umbMers:{Ytheu$minimum,default,andmaxim!umnumbMerofinputs 33GfortheproMcedurewhosenameistheinput.-Itisanerrorifthereisnosuc!hproMcedure.-AGmaxim!umfof-1meansthatthenumbMerofinputsisunlimited. Gmnoides3.NODES33Goutputsalistoft!wonumbMers.XThe rstrepresentsthenumbMerofnodesofmemorycurren!tlyGin>use.aThesecondsho!wsthemaximumnumbMerofnodesthat>ha!ve>beeninuseatan!ytimeGsinceGtheFlastin!voMcationofGNODES.~(A/nodeisFasmallbloMc!kofcomputermemoryasusedGb!y$Logo.XEachnumbMerusesone$node.XEac!hnon-numeric$wordusesonenoMde,DCplussomeGnon-noMdehmemoryhforthec!haractersinthew!ord.%}EachharraytakeshonenoMde,plussomeGnon-noMdememorye,asw!ellasthememoryrequiredb!yitselemen!ts.EachlistrequiresoneGnoMde\per\elemen!t, aswell\asthememorywithintheelemen!ts.)iIfyou\wantto\tracktheGmemoryיuseofanטalgorithm,itisbMestify!ouinvokeGCattheטbMeginningofeachiteration,Gsincefotherwisethemaxim!umwillincludestoragethatisunusedbutnotyetcollected."Gc7.6Wforkspacef@Insps3ection Gmpio.PRINTOUTcontentslist.POcontentslist33Gcommand.(Prin!tsnEtonFthewritestreamthede nitionsofallproMcedures,yvdDariables,yandprop-Gert!yflistsnamedintheinputcontentslist. Gmpioall.POALL(libraryprocedure)33Gcommand.Prin!tsfallunburiedde nitionsintheworkspace.AbbreviatesPOCONTENTSB.GSeef[CONTENTS],page54,. Gmpiops.POPS(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.3Prin!ts.the-de nitionsofallun!buriedproMceduresinthew!orkspace.3Abbreviates 33GPOPROCEDURES\.GSeef[PO],page56,,[PR!OCEDURES],page55,. Gmpions.PONS(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.Prin!tsTthede nitionsofallTunburiedvdDariablesintheworkspace.Abbreviates 33GPONAMES@.GSeef[PO],page56,,[NAMES],page55,.9|GChapterf7:WeorkspaceManagemen!t5733͍Gmpiopls3.POPLS(libraryprocedure)33Gcommand.˽Prin!tsKthecontentsofallunburiednonemptypropMertylistsintheworkspace. 33GAbbreviatesfPOPLISTS7c`.GSeef[PO],page56,,[PLISTS],page55,.0Gmpion.PONvarname(libraryprocedure) 33.PONvarnamelistGcommand.Prin!tsfthede nitionsofthenamedvdDariable(s).GAbbreviatesfPONAMELISTvarname(list)^.GSeef[PO],page56,,[NAMELIST],page55,.0Gmpiopl3.POPLplname(libraryprocedure).POPLplnamelistGcommand.Prin!tsfthede nitionsofthenamedpropMertylist(s).GAbbreviatesfPOPLLISTplname(list).GSeef[PO],page56,,[PLLIST],page55,.0Gmpiot3.POTcontentslistGcommand.5qPrin!tsØthe×titlelinesofthenamedproMceduresandthede nitionsofthenamedGvdDariablesѺandpropMert!ylists._Feorpropert!ylists,܏theentirelistisѻshownononelineinsteadGoffasaseriesofPPROPinstructionsasinPO.GSeef[PPR!OP],page53,,[PO],page56,.0Gmpiots3.POTS(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.XPrin!tsthetitlelinesofallunburiedproMceduresintheworkspace.XAbbreviatesGPOTPROCEDURESb.GSeef[PR!OCEDURES],page55,.$nHGc7.7Wforkspacef@Control0Gmerase3.ERASEcontentslist.ERcontentslist:G583)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gcommand.Uandpropert!y%slistsnamedintheinput.That 33Gis,fthenameditemswillbMereturnedtoviewinCONTENTS,etc.GSeef[CONTENTS],page54,.Gmunburyall3.UNBURYALL(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.AbbreviatesfUNBURYBURIED.GSeef[BURIED],page54,.Gmunburyname3.UNBURYNAMEvarname(libraryprocedure) 33.UNBURYNAMEvarnamelistGcommand.AbbreviatesfUNBURYNAMELISTvarname(list).GSeef[UNBUReY],page59,,[NAMELIST],page55,.<G603)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gmburiedp3.BURIEDPcontentslist 33.BURIED?contentslist33GoutputsGTRUEifFthe rstproMcedure, vdDariable,orpropMert!yGlistnamedinthecon!tentsGlistisGburied,|FALSErifrnot.hOnlythe rstthinginthelististested;{themostcommonusewillbMeGwith6aw!ordasinput,Z namingaproMcedure,Z butacontentslistisallowedsothatyoucanGBURIEDPf[[][variable]]orBURIEDP[[][][proplist]].؍Gmtrace.TRACEcontentslist33Gcommand.cMarks}thenameditemsfortracing.A}wmessageisprin!tedwheneveratracedGproMcedure isin!voked,Pgiving theactualinput vdDalues,Qandwhenev!eratracedproMcedureSTOPsGorOUTPUTs.uAlmessageisprin!tedwheneveranewvdDalueisassignedtoatracedvdDariableGusing:ZMAKE.A:4messageis:[prin!tedwheneveranew:[propMertyisgivento:[atracedpropMertyGlistfusingPPROP.GSeef[STOP],page69,,[OUTPUT],page69,,[MAKE],page51,,[PPR!OP],page53,.؍Gmuntrace3.UNTRACEcontentslistGcommand.Teurnsfo tracingforthenameditems.ٍGmtracedp.TRACEDPcontentslist 33.TRACED?contentslistGoutputsGTRUEifFthe rstproMcedure, vdDariable,orpropMert!yGlistnamedinthecon!tentsGlistisGtraced,FALSE{Jif{Knot.Onlythe rstthinginthelististested;themostcommonusewillbMeGwith6aw!ordasinput,Z namingaproMcedure,Z butacontentslistisallowedsothatyoucanGTRACEDPf[[][variable]]orTRACEDP[[][][proplist]].؍Gmstep3.STEPcontentslistGcommand.Marks9the9nameditemsforstepping.Whenev!er9asteppMedprocedureisin!voked,Geac!h0instructionlineintheproMcedurebody/isprin!tedbeforebeingexecuted,nandLogow!aitsGfor>>theuserto>=t!ypMeanewlineattheterminal.dA>messageisprin!tedwheneverasteppMedGvdDariablenameisshado!wed8bMecausealocalvdDariableofthesamenameiscreatedeitherasaGproMcedurefinputorb!ytheLOCALcommand.GSeef[LOCAL],page52,.؍Gmunstep3.UNSTEPcontentslistGcommand.Teurnsfo steppingforthenameditems.=/GChapterf7:WeorkspaceManagemen!t6133͍Gmsteppiedp3.STEPPEDPcontentslist 33.STEPPED?contentslist33GoutputsGTRUEifFthe rstproMcedure, vdDariable,orpropMert!yGlistnamedinthecon!tentsGlistisGsteppMed,5FALSEifnot.3Onlythe rstthinginthelististested;themostcommonusewillGbMe\witha\w!ordasinput,kInamingaproMcedure,kIbutacon!tents\listisallo!wed\sothaty!oucanGSTEPPEDPf[[][variable]]orSTEPPEDP[[][][proplist]].@Gmedit.EDITcontentslist.EDcontentslist.(EDIT).(ED)33Gcommand.IfTWin!vokedTVwithaninput,EDITwritesthede nitionsofthenameditemsin!toGajtempMorary lejandeditsthat le,usinganeditorthatdepMendsontheplatformy!ou'reGusing.In7wxWidgets,Aand6intheMacOS/Classicv!ersion,thereis6aneditorbuiltin!toLogo.GInH{thenon-wxWidgetsv!ersionsforUnix,pMacOSHRX,Windows,pandDOS,LogousesyourGfa!voriteeditorasdeterminedb!ytheEDITORenvironmentvdDariable.Ifyoudon'thaveanGEDITORVvdDariable,editsthede nitionsusingjove.Ifin!vokedVwithoutaninput,EDITeditsGthe(same lelefto!ver(fromapreviousEDIT)orEDITFILEinstruction.#Wheny!ouleavetheGeditor,LogoIreadstherevisedde nitionsandmoMdi esJthew!orkspaceaccordinglye.)ItisnotGanferroriftheinputincludesnamesforwhic!hthereisnopreviousde nition.GIf<6thereis<7avdDariableLOADNOISILYwhosevalueis<7TRUE,athen,after<6lea!vingtheeditor,aTOGcommands?inthe?tempMorary leprin!t`procnamefdefined'(whereproMcnameisthenameofGthe proMcedurebeingde ned);"G623)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍GInthewxWidgetsv!ersion,EDITFILEaskswhetherornoty!ouwanttoloadthe lein!toLogo 33Gwhen}y!ou nishediting.Thisallowsyouto}useEDITFILEtoeditdata leswithoutleavingGLogo.Gmedall3.EDALL(libraryprocedure)33Gcommand.AbbreviatesfEDITCONTENTS.GSeef[CONTENTS],page54,.Gmedps.EDPS(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.AbbreviatesfEDITPROCEDURES.GSeef[EDIT],page61,,[PR!OCEDURES],page55,.Gmedns.EDNS(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.AbbreviatesfEDITNAMES.GSeef[EDIT],page61,,[NAMES],page55,.Gmedpls.EDPLS(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.AbbreviatesfEDITPLISTS.GSeef[EDIT],page61,,[PLISTS],page55,.Gmedn.EDNvarname(libraryprocedure) 33.EDNvarnamelistGcommand.AbbreviatesfEDITNAMELISTvarname(list).GSeef[EDIT],page61,,[NAMELIST],page55,.Gmedpl.EDPLplname(libraryprocedure) 33.EDPLplnamelistGcommand.AbbreviatesfEDITPLLISTplname(list).GSeef[EDIT],page61,,[PLLIST],page55,.Gmsave.SAVEfilenameGcommand.Sa!vesthede nitionsofallun!buriedproMcedures,vdDariables,andnonemptyprop- 33Gert!yflistsinthenamed le.EquivdDalentto?/GChapterf7:WeorkspaceManagemen!t6333͍.tosave:filename 33.local"oldwriter.make"oldwriterwriter.openwrite:filename.setwrite:filename.poall.setwrite:oldwriter.close:filename.end33GExceptionallye,"SAVEЖcanbMeЗusedwithnoinputandwithoutparen!thesesifitisthelastGthingVonUthecommandline.ʬInthiscase, the lenamefromthemostrecen!tLOADorSAVEGcommandfwillbMeused.(ItisanerroriftherehasbeennopreviousLOADorSAVE.)&hGmsavel3.SAVELcontentslistfilename(libraryprocedure)Gcommand.Sa!ves@thede nitionsofthe@proMcedures,TvdDariables,and@propert!y@listsspeci edb!yGcon!tentslistftofthe lenamed lename.&hGmload3.LOADfilenameGcommand.мReadsinstructionsfromthenamed leandexecutesthem.мThe lecanincludeGproMcedurede nitionswithTO,7andtheseareacceptedev!enifaproMcedureb!ythesamenameGalreadywexists.Ifthe lexassignsalistvdDaluetoavdDariablenamedSTARTUP,thenthatlistisGrun ,asaninstructionlistafter -the leisloaded. /IfthereisavdDariableLOADNOISILYwhoseGvdDalueisTRUE,GthenTOcommandsinthe leprin!t`procnamefdefined'(whereproMcnameGisthenameoftheproMcedurebeingde ned);ifLOADNOISILYisFALSEorunde ned,Q]TOGcommandsfinthe learecarriedoutsilen!tlye.GSeef[STeARTUP],page91,,See[LO!ADNOISILY],page90,.&hGmcslsload3.CSLSLOADnameGcommand.Loads the named le,lik!eLOAD,butfrom thedirectorycon!tainingtheComputerGSciencefLogoSt!yleprogramsinsteadofthecurrentuser'sdirectorye.GSeef[LO!AD],page63,.&hGmhelp3.HELPname.(HELP)Gcommand.KPrin!ts information fromthereferenceman!ualabMouttheprimitiv!eproMcedureGnamed.\b!y.]theinput.Withnoinput,F_listsalltheprimitiv!esabMoutwhic!hhelpisa!vdDailable.IfGthere=is=anen!vironmentvdDariable=LOGOHELP,RthenitsvdDalueistak!enasthedirectoryinwhic!hGtofloMokforhelp les,insteadofthedefaulthelpdirectorye.@6JG643)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍GIfqbHELPqaiscalledwiththenameofade nedproMcedureforwhic!hthereisnohelp le,{itwill 33Gprin!tIthetitleIlineoftheproMcedurefollowedIbylinesfromtheproMcedureIbodyIthatstartGwithfsemicolon,stoppingwhenanon-semicolonlineisseen.33GExceptionallye,1theeHELPcommandcandbMeusedwithoutitsdefaultinputandwithoutparen-Gthesesfpro!videdthatnothingfollowsitontheinstructionline.Gmseteditor3.SETEDITORpathGcommand.TeellsLogotousethespMeci edprogramasitseditorinsteadofthedefaulteditor.GThefformatofapathdepMendsony!ouroperatingsystem.Gmsetlibloic3.SETLIBLOCpathGcommand.TeellsKLogoJtousethespMeci eddirectoryasitslibraryinsteadofthedefault.G(Note\that]man!yLogo"primitive"]proMceduresareactuallyfoundinthelibrarye,sotheyGma!ybMecomeunavdDailableifyournewlibrarydoMesnotincludethem!)TheformatofapathGdepMendsfony!ouroperatingsystem.Gmsetcslsloic3.SETCSLSLOCpathGcommand.pTeellsLogotousethespMeci eddirectoryfortheCSLSLOADcommand,`insteadofGthefdefaultdirectorye.TheformatofapathdepMendsony!ouroperatingsystem.GSeef[CSLSLO!AD],page63,.Gmsethelploic3.SETHELPLOCpathGcommand.TeellsgQLogogRtoloMokinthespeci edgRdirectoryfortheinformationpro!videdbytheGHELPcommand,1instead ofthedefaultdirectorye.,Theformat ofapathdepMendsony!ourGopMeratingfsystem.Gmsettemploic3.SETTEMPLOCpathGcommand.TeellshLogotowriteeditortempMorary lesinthespeci eddirectoryratherthanGinTtheSdefaultdirectorye.RYouTm!usthaveTwritepMermissionforthisdirectorye.RTheformatofGafpathdepMendsony!ouroperatingsystem.Gmgc3.GC.(GCanything)Gcommand. 1VRunsthegarbagecollector,sreclaimingun!usednoMdes. 1WLogodoesthiswhenGnecessaryan!ywaye,Pbutyoumaywanttousethiscommandtocon!trolexactlywhenLogodoMesGit.ɝInparticular,then!umbMersoutputbytheNODESopMerationwillnotbMev!erymeaningfulA@GChapterf7:WeorkspaceManagemen!t6533͍Gunless`MgarbagehasbMeen`Ncollected. AnotherreasontouseGCisthatagarbagecollection 33Gtak!esanoticeablefractionofasecond,andy!oumaywanttoschedulecollectionsfortimesGbMefore or aftersometime-criticalanimation.Ifin!voked withanargumen!t(ofan!yvdDalue),+GCGrunsafullgarbagecollection,^includingK`y cmr10GCTWA(GarbageCollectTerulyWorthlessA!toms,Gwhic!h"means"thatitremoves"fromLogo'smemoryw!ordsthatusedtobMeprocedure"orGvdDariableMnamesbutMaren'tan!ymore);kDwithoutanargument,_pGCdoMesMagenerationalgarbageGcollection,whic!hHmeansthatHonlyrecentlycreatedHnoMdesareexamined. ŋ(ThelatterisGusuallyfgoModenough.)Gm.setsegmentsize3..SETSEGMENTSIZEnum33Gcommand.|Sets6Cthen!umbMer6CofnodesthatLogoallocatesfromtheoperatingsystematonceGton!um,whichmustbMeapositiv!einteger.TThenameisdottedbMecausebadthingswillGhappMen]ify!ouusea]numbMerthat'stoosmallortoolargefory!our]computer.TheinitialGvdDaluekisl16,000formostsystems,Ӭbutissmallerfor68000-basedMacs.MakingitlargerGwillʋspMeedupcomputations(b!yreducingthenumbMerofgarbagecollections)atthecostofGalloMcatingfmorememorythannecessarye.BK033CQ6733͍GZ8 QConutrolzStructures&+卍Gc8.1Control33GNote:inthefollo!wingdescriptions,*aninstructionlistcanbMealistoraword.Inthelatter 33Gcase,thew!ordisparsedintolistformbMeforeitisrun.}`Thus,RUNREADWORDJ?orRUNREADLISTGwillw!ork.YTheformerisslightlypreferablebMecauseitallowsforacontinuedline(with~)Gthatfincludesacommen!t(with;)onthe rstline.33GAtf{inputm!ustbMethewordTRUE,thewordFALSE,oralist.Ifit'salist,thenitm!ustbMeGaaLogoexpression,owhic!hwillbMeevdDaluatedatoproduceavdDaluethatm!ustbeTRUEorFALSE.GThefcomparisonswithTRUEandFALSEarealw!aysfcase-insensitive.GArunlistcanconsistofeitherasingleexpression(thatproMducesavdDalue)orzeroormoreGinstructionsf(thatdosomething,ratherthanoutputavdDalue),depMendingonthecon!text:.PRINTIFELSE:X<0["NEGATIVE]["POSITIVE] T;onevalueineachcase.REPEAT4[PRINT"APRINT"B] T;twoinstructionsGmrun3.RUNinstructionlistGcommandoropMeration.=RunstheLogoinstructionsintheinputlist;:outputsifthelistGcon!tainsfanexpressionthatoutputs.GSeef[READ!WORD],page20,,[READLIST],page20,.Gmrunresult3.RUNRESULTinstructionlistGruns/the/instructionsintheinput;toutputsanempt!ylistifthoseinstructionsproMducenoGoutput,"or Ka Llistwhoseonlymem!bMeristheoutputfromrunningtheinputinstructionlist.GUsefulfforin!ventingfcommand-or-opMerationcon!trolstructures:.local"result.make"resultrunresult[something].ifemptyp:result[stop].outputfirst:resultGmrepieat3.REPEATnuminstructionlistGcommand.RunsftheinstructionlistfrepMeatedlye,n!umtimes.Gmforever.FOREVERinstructionlistGcommand.Runswthe"instructionlist"repMeatedlye,;un!tilsomethingvinsidetheinstructionlist 33G(suc!hfasSTOPorTHROW)makesitstop.GSeef[STOP],page69,,See[THR!OW],fpage69,.DR'G683)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Gmrepicount3.REPCOUNT33GoutputstherepMetitioncoun!toftheinnermostcurren!tREPEATorFOREVER,vstartingfrom1. 33GIffnoREPEATorFOREVERisactiv!e,outputs{1.GTheabbreviation#canbMeusedforREPCOUNTunlesstheREPEATisinsidethetemplateinputGtofahigherorderproMceduresuc!hasFOREACH,inwhichcase#hasadi erentmeaning.؍Gmif3.IFtfinstructionlist.(IFtfinstructionlist1instructionlist2)Gcommand.LIfitheh rstinputhasthevdDalueTRUE,thenIFrunsthesecondinput.LIftheG rst݂inputhasthevdDalueFALSE,HthenIFdoMesnothing.1(Ifgiv!enathirdinput,IFtactslik!eGIFELSE,fasdescribMedbelo!w.)Itisanerrorifthe rstinputisnoteitherTRUEorFALSE.GFeorxcompatibilit!ywithxearlierversionsofLogo,ifxanIFinstructionisnotenclosedinGparen!theses,butthe rstthingontheinstructionlineafterthesecondinputexpressionisGanKliterallistnJ(i.e.,Dalistinsquarebrac!kets),DtheIFnKistreatedasifitw!ereIFELSE,CbutaGw!arningmessageisgiven.cIfthisabMerrantIFappMearsinaproMcedurebodye,Athew!arningisGgiv!enfonlythe rsttimetheproMcedureisinvokedineachLogosession.؍Gmifelse3.IFELSEtfinstructionlist1instructionlist2GcommandoropMeration. Ifthe rstinputhasthevdDalueTRUE,thenIFELSErunsthesecondGinput.);Ifj0thej/ rstinputhasthevdDalueFALSE,"thenIFELSErunsthethirdinput.);IFELSEGoutputsfavdDalueiftheinstructionlistfcon!tainsanexpressionthatoutputsavalue.ٍGmtest3.TESTtfGcommand.ڳRemem!bMersitsinput,whichmustbMeTRUEorFALSE,forusebylaterIFTRUEorGIFFALSEinstructions.Thee ectofTESTisloMcaltotheprocedureinwhic!hitisused;anyGcorrespMondingfIFTRUEorIFFALSEm!ustbeinthesameprocedureorasubprocedure.GSeef[IFFȈALSE],page68,.؍Gmiftrue3.IFTRUEinstructionlist.IFTinstructionlistGcommand.Runsitsinputifthemostrecen!tTESTinstructionhadaTRUEinput.TheTESTGm!ustfhavebMeeninthesameprocedureorasuperprocedure.؍Gmi alse3.IFFALSEinstructionlist.IFFinstructionlistE\2GChapterf8:Con!trolStructuresf[6933͍Gcommand.qRunsB!itsinputB"ifthemostrecen!tTESTinstructionhadaFALSEinput.qTheTEST 33Gm!ustfhavebMeeninthesameprocedureorasuperprocedure.33GSeef[TEST],page68,.5Gmstop3.STOPGcommand.EndstherunningoftheproMcedureinwhic!hitappMears.Con!trolisreturnedtoGthecon!textinwhichthatproMcedurewasinvoked.ThestoppMedproceduredoesnotoutputGafvdDalue.5Gmoutput3.OUTPUTvalue.OPvalueGcommand.DEndsAtheArunningoftheproMcedureinwhic!hitappMears.DThatprocedureAoutputsGtheJvdDalueIvalue8Qtothecon!textIinwhichitwasIinvoked.)Don'tbMeconfused:OOUTPUTIitselfisGafcommand,buttheproMcedurethatin!vokesfOUTPUTisanoperation.4Gmcatch3.CATCHtaginstructionlistGcommand˪or˫opMeration.MRunsitssecondinput.MOutputsifthatinstructionlistoutputs.MIf,Gwhilerunningtheinstructionlist,aTHROWinstructionisexecutedwithatagequaltothe rstGinputj(case-insensitiv!ecomparison),kthentherunningoftheinstructionlistjisterminatedGimmediatelye.|InPthiscasetheCATCHoutputsifavdDalueinputisgiv!entoTHROW.ThetagGm!ustfbMeaword.GIfthetagisthew!ordERROR,аthenanyerrorconditionthatarisesduringtherunningofGtheinstructionlisthasthee ectofTHROW"ERRORLinsteadofprin!tinganerrormessageandGreturning?totoplev!el.TheCATCHdoMes?notoutputifanerroriscaugh!t.Also,fduringtheGrunningoftheinstructionlist,thevdDariableERRACTistempMorarilyun!bound.(IfthereisanGerror3while2ERRACThasavdDalue,ethatvalue3istak!enasaninstructionlisttobMerunafterGprin!tingftheerrormessage.TypicallythevdDalueofERRACT,ifanye,isthelist[PAUSE].)GSeef[ERR!OR],page70,,[ERRACT],page89,,[PeAUSE],page70,.5Gmthrow3.THROWtag.(THROWtagvalue)Gcommand.MustbMeusedwithinthescopMeofaCATCHwithanequaltag.EndstherunningGof}the~instructionlistoftheCATCH.ѐIfTHROWisusedwithonlyoneinput,thecorrespMondingGCATCH#kdoMes#jnotoutputavdDalue.TIfTHROWisusedwitht!wo#kinputs,Bthesecondpro!videsanGoutputffortheCATCH.GTHROW"TOPLEVELkthe$startingvdDalueofthevdDariable;O(3)aw!ordorlistthatwill 33GbMe_evdDaluatedto^determinean!umber,the^limit_vdDalueofthevariable;-[(4)^anoptionalw!ordGorlistthatwillbMeevdDaluatedtodeterminethestepsize."JIfthefourthmem!bMerismissing,GtheFstepFsizewillbMe1or{1depMendingonwhetherthelimitvdDalueisgreaterthanorlessGthanfthestartingvdDalue,respMectiv!elye.33GTheNsecondNinputisaninstructionlist. Thee ectofFORistorunthatinstructionlistGrepMeatedlye,assigning a newvdDaluetothecon!trolvdDariable(theonenamedb!ythe rstmem!bMerGofontheforcon!trollist)eachtime.ˊFirstoothestartingvdDalueisassignedtothecon!trolvdDariable.GThen?the@vdDalueiscomparedtothelimitvdDalue.{FORiscompletewhenthesignof(currentG-flimit)aisthesameasbthesignofthestepsize.(Ifnoexplicitstepsizeispro!vided,theGinstructionlistoisalw!aysorunatleastonce.Anexplicitstepsizecanleadtoazero-tripFOR,Ge.g.,|FOR[I101]...)i.iDOtherwise,|theinstructionlistisrun,thenthestepisaddedtoGthefcurren!tvdDalueofthecontrolvdDariableandFORreturnstothecomparisonstep..?for[i271.5][print:i].2.3.5.5.6.5.?GSeef[R!UN],page67,.Gmdo.while3.DO.WHILEinstructionlisttfexpression(libraryprocedure)Gcommand. RepMeatedly9evdDaluatestheinstructionlistvaslongastheevaluatedtfexpres-sionGremains]TRUE.ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]GandHEthetemplateisbMeingevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,[then?RESTwouldbMereplacedbyG[CfDE]6e.Iffm!ultipleparallelslotsareused,then(?REST1); goMeswith?1,etc.GInatemplate,ithesym!bMol#representsthepMositioninthedatainputofthemem!bMercurrentlyGbMeingusedasthe?slot- ller.9Thatis,ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]>,andthetemplateisGbMeingfevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,then#wouldbMereplacedby2.!Gmmap3.MAPtemplatedata(libraryprocedure).(MAPtemplatedata1data2...)Goutputs.aw!ord/orlist,_depMendingonthet!ypMeofthedatainput,_ofthesamelengthasGthatxdatainput.(Ifmorethanonedatainputaregiv!en,=theoutputisofthesametypMeasGdata1.)Eac!hmembMeroftheoutputistheresultofevdDaluatingthetemplateMlist,F llingtheGslotsIwiththecorrespMondingmem!ber(s)ofthedatainput(s).(Alldatainputsm!ustbetheGsamelength.)gInthecaseofaw!ordoutput,theresultsofthetemplateevdDaluationm!ustbMeGw!ords,fandtheyareconcatenatedwithWORD.GIn2atemplate,Jthesym!bMol?RESTrepresents2thepMortionofthedatainputtotherigh!toftheGmem!bMer Hcurrently Gbeing Husedasthe?slot- ller.KThatis,>ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]Gand9thetemplateisbMeingevdDaluated9with?replacedb!yB,^then?RESTwouldbMereplacedGb!yf[CDE]'.Iffmultipleparallelslotsareused,then(?REST1); goMeswith?1,etc.GInatemplate,ithesym!bMol#representsthepMositioninthedatainputofthemem!bMercurrentlyGbMeingusedasthe?slot- ller.9Thatis,ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]>,andthetemplateisGbMeingfevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,then#wouldbMereplacedby2.GSeef[W!ORD],page9,.!Gmmap.se3.MAP.SEtemplatedata(libraryprocedure).(MAP.SEtemplatedata1data2...)Goutputs#a#listformedb!yevdDaluatingthetemplatelistrepMeatedlyandconcatenatingtheGresultseusingSENTENCE.`Thatis,rthemem!bMersofetheoutputarethemembMerseoftheresultsGof/ptheevdDaluations.xThe/ooutputlistmigh!t,Qtherefore,QbMeofadi eren!tlengthfromthatofGtheedatainput(s).@(IftheresulteofanevdDaluationistheempt!ylist,ritcontributesnothingtoGthef naloutput.)Thedatainputsma!ybMewordsorlists.GIn2atemplate,Jthesym!bMol?RESTrepresents2thepMortionofthedatainputtotherigh!toftheGmem!bMer Hcurrently Gbeing Husedasthe?slot- ller.KThatis,>ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]GandHEthetemplateisbMeingevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,[then?RESTwouldbMereplacedbyG[CfDE]6e.Iffm!ultipleparallelslotsareused,then(?REST1); goMeswith?1,etc.NG783)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍GInatemplate,ithesym!bMol#representsthepMositioninthedatainputofthemem!bMercurrently 33GbMeingusedasthe?slot- ller.9Thatis,ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]>,andthetemplateisGbMeingfevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,then#wouldbMereplacedby2.33GSeef[SENTENCE],page9,.iGm lter3.FILTERtftemplatedata(libraryprocedure)Goutputsqarw!ordorlist,depMendingonthet!ypMeofthedatainput,con!tainingasubsetofthe 33Gmem!bMers7-(for7.alist)orc!haracters(foraw!ord)oftheinput.ThetemplateisevdDaluatedonceGforeac!hmembMerorcharacterofthedata,anditm!ustproMduceaTRUEorFALSEvdDalue.CIfGthefvdDalueisTRUE,thenthecorrespMondinginputconstituen!tisincludedintheoutput.33.?printfilter"vowelp"elephant.eea.?GIn2atemplate,Jthesym!bMol?RESTrepresents2thepMortionofthedatainputtotherigh!toftheGmem!bMer Hcurrently Gbeing Husedasthe?slot- ller.KThatis,>ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]GandHEthetemplateisbMeingevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,[then?RESTwouldbMereplacedbyG[CfDE]6e.GInatemplate,ithesym!bMol#representsthepMositioninthedatainputofthemem!bMercurrentlyGbMeingusedasthe?slot- ller.9Thatis,ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]>,andthetemplateisGbMeingfevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,then#wouldbMereplacedby2.hGm nd3.FINDtftemplatedata(libraryprocedure)GoutputsYthe rstYconstituen!tofthedatainput(the rstmem!bMerofalist,orthe rstGc!haracterofaword)forwhichthevdDalueproMducedb!yevdDaluatingthetemplatewiththatGconsituen!tfinitsslotisTRUE.Ifthereisnosuchconstituent,theemptylistisoutput.GIn2atemplate,Jthesym!bMol?RESTrepresents2thepMortionofthedatainputtotherigh!toftheGmem!bMer Hcurrently Gbeing Husedasthe?slot- ller.KThatis,>ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]GandHEthetemplateisbMeingevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,[then?RESTwouldbMereplacedbyG[CfDE]6e.GInatemplate,ithesym!bMol#representsthepMositioninthedatainputofthemem!bMercurrentlyGbMeingusedasthe?slot- ller.9Thatis,ifthedatainputis[AfBCDE]>,andthetemplateisGbMeingfevdDaluatedwith?replacedb!yB,then#wouldbMereplacedby2.iGmreduce3.REDUCEtemplatedata(libraryprocedure)GoutputstheresultofapplyingthetemplateRtoaccum!ulatethemembMersofthedatainput.GThe5template6m!ustbMeat!wo-slot5function.OLTypicallyitis6anassoMciative6functionnameGlik!eSUM.Ifthedatainputhasonlyoneconstituen!t(membMerinalistorc!haracterinaGw!ord),theGoutputisHthatconsituent.Otherwise,thetemplateis rstappliedHwith?1 lledGwiththenext-to-lastconsitien!tand?2withthelastconstituen!t.@Then,:WiftherearemoreOOGChapterf8:Con!trolStructuresf[7933͍Gconstituen!ts,VltheBntemplateBmisappliedwith?1 lledwiththenextconstituen!ttotheleftand 33G?2withtheresultfromthepreviousevdDaluation.ThisproMcesscon!tinuesuntilallconstituen!tsGha!vefbMeenused.Thedatainputma!ynotbeempt!ye.33GNote:Ifthetemplateis,߈lik!eSUM,thenameofaproMcedurethatiscapableofacceptingGarbitrarily(man!yinputs,4itis)moreecienttouseAPPLYinsteadofREDUCE.3#ThelatterisGgoModfforassoMciativ!eproceduresthatha!vefbeenwrittentoacceptexactlyt!wofinputs:.tomax:a:b.outputifelse:a>:b[:a][:b].endff.printreduce"max[...]GAlternativ!elye,REDUCE?canbMeusedtowriteMAXasa>procedurethatacceptsan!ynumbMerofGinputs,fasSUMdoMes:.tomax[:inputs]2.ifemptyp:inputs~@8[(throw"error[notenoughinputstomax])].outputreduce[ifelse?1>?2[?1][?2]]:inputs.endGSeef[SUM],page29,,[APPLeY],page76,.ZGmcrossmap3.CROSSMAPtemplatelistlist(libraryprocedure).(CROSSMAPtemplatedata1data2...)Goutputs҄alistcon!taining҃theresultsoftemplateevdDaluations.b7Each҃datalistcontributestoGaeslotdinthetemplate;then!umbMerofeslotsisequaltothen!umbMereofdatalistinputs.AsaGspMecialcase,ifonlyonedatalistinputisgiv!en,thatlististak!enasalistofdatalists,andGeac!hDofitsmembMersEcontributesvdDaluestoaslot.CROSSMAPdi ersfromEMAPinthatinsteadGoftakingmem!bMersfromthedatainputsinparallel,Iittak!esallpMossiblecom!binationsofGmem!bMersfofdatainputs,whichneednotbMethesamelength..?show(crossmap[word?1?2][abc][1234]).[a1a2a3a4b1b2b3b4c1c2c3c4].?GFeor compatibilit!ywiththeversioninthe rsteditionofCSLSٓRcmr71|s,CROSSMAPtemplatesmayGusefthenotation:1insteadof?1toindicateslots.GSeef[MAP],page77,.ZGmcascade3.CASCADEendtesttemplatestartvalue(libraryprocedure).(CASCADEendtesttmp1sv1tmp2sv2...).(CASCADEendtesttmp1sv1tmp2sv2...finaltemplate)G ff= /㏟-=1"q[ cmsl9ComputerTScienceLogoSt9ylePG803)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍Goutputs-the-resultofapplyingatemplate(orsev!eraltemplates,FasexplainedbMelo!w)repeat- 33Gedlye,withagiv!envdDalue llingtheslotthe rsttime,andtheresultofeachapplicationG llingftheslotforthefollo!wingapplication.33GInthesimplestcase,CASCADEhasthreeinputs.pThesecondinputisaone-slotexpressionGtemplate.aXThat'templateisevdDaluatedsomen!umbMer'oftimes(perhapszero).aXOnthe rstGevdDaluation,5Ntheslotis lledwiththethirdinput;H(onsubsequen!tevdDaluations,5Ntheslotis lledGwithnSthenTresultofthepreviousevdDaluation.,Then!umbMerofnSevdDaluationsisdeterminedb!ytheG rstinput.ThiscanbMeeitheranonnegativ!einteger, inwhichcasethetemplateisevdDaluatedGthat7man!y7times,Norapredicateexpressiontemplate,Ninwhic!hcaseitisevdDaluated(withtheGsame^slot^ llerthatwillbMeusedfortheevdDaluationofthesecondinput)repMeatedlye,m:andtheGCASCADEqevdDaluationrcon!tinuesaslongasrthepredicatevdDalueisFALSE.(Inotherw!ords, theGpredicateftemplateindicatestheconditionforstopping.)GIfthetemplateisevdDaluatedzerotimes, ltheoutputfromCASCADEisthethird(startvdDalue)Ginput.Otherwise,ftheoutputisthevdDalueproMducedb!ythelasttemplateevaluation.GCASCADEtemplatesma!yincludethesym!bMol#torepresen!tthen!umbMeroftimesthetemplateGhasʻbMeenevdDaluated.JThisslotis lledwith1forthe rstevaluation,2forthesecond,andGsofon..?showcascade5[lput#?][].[12345].?showcascade[vowelpfirst?][bf?]"spring.ing.?showcascade5[#*?]1.120.?GSev!eral/cascadedresultscanbMecomputedinparallelbyprovidingadditionaltemplate-GstartvdDalue\pairsas[inputstoCASCADE.Inthiscase,alltemplates(includingtheendtestGtemplate,(ifhused)aregm!ulti-slot,)withthehnumbMerofslotsgequaltothenumbMergofpairsofGinputs.˿InKeac!hKroundofevdDaluations,t.?2,t/forexample,represen!tstheresultKofevdDaluatingGthesecondtemplateinthepreviousround.yIfthetotaln!umbMerofinputs(includingtheG rstendtestinput)isoMdd,7thentheoutputfromCASCADEisthe nalvdDalueofthe rstGtemplate.QIfJ7theJ8totaln!umbMerofJ7inputsisev!en,s+thenthelastinputisatemplatethatisGevdDaluatedfonce,aftertheendtestissatis ed,todeterminetheoutputfromCASCADE..tofibonacci:n.output(cascade:n[?1+?2]1[?1]0).endff.topiglatin:word.output(cascade[vowelpfirst?]~<[wordbf?first?]~<:word~<[word?"ay]).endQGChapterf8:Con!trolStructuresf[8133͍Gmcascade.23.CASCADE.2endtesttemp1startval1temp2startval2 T(libraryprocedure)33Goutputs*Itheresultofin!voking*ICASCADEwiththe*Jsameinputs.iTheonlydi erenceisthat 33Gthefdefaultn!umbMerfofinputsis v!einsteadofthree.Gmtransfer.TRANSFERendtesttemplateinbasket(libraryprocedure)GoutputstheresultofrepMeatedevdDaluationofthetemplate.ThetemplateisevdDaluatedonce 33Gforeac!hmembMerofthelistinbasket.-RTRANSFERmaintainsanoutbasketthatisinitiallyGtheYempt!yXlist.كAftereachXevdDaluationofthetemplate,theresultingvdDaluebMecomesthenewGoutbask!et.GInthetemplate,Ythesym!bMol?INrepresentsthecurrentmembMerfromtheinbasket;theGsym!bMolѠ?OUTѡrepresentstheentireѡcurrentoutbasket._OtherѡslotsymbMolsshouldѡnotbeGused.GIfthe rst(endtest=)inputisanempt!ylist,"evdDaluationcon!tinuesuntilallinbasketmem-GbMersha!vebeenused.8Ifnot,7the rstinputm!ustbMeapredicateexpressiontemplate,7andGevdDaluationfcon!tinuesuntileitherthattemplate'svdDalueisTRUEortheinbasketisusedup.Rҍ33SЍ8333͍GZ9 QMacros#ԍGc.macro33..MACROprocname:input1:input2... T(specialform) 33..DEFMACROprocnametext33GA)macro)is)aspMecialkindofprocedurewhoseoutputis)evdDaluatedasLogoinstructionsinGtheġcon!textĢofthemacro'scaller.8.MACROisexactlylik!eTOexceptthatthenewproMcedureGbMecomesfamacro;.DEFMACROisexactlylik!eDEFINEwiththesameexception.GMacrosKareusefulKforin!ventingKnewcon!trolstructurescomparabletoREPEAT,uSIF,andKsoGon.uSuc!hcontrolstructurescanalmost,>butnotquite,>bMeduplicatedb!yordinaryLogoGproMcedures.Feorfexample,hereisanordinaryprocedurev!ersionofREPEAT:.tomy.repeat:num:instructions.if:num=0[stop].run:instructions.my.repeat:num-1:instructions.endGThisfv!ersionworks neformostpurpMoses,e.g.,.my.repeat5[print"hello]GBut?itdoMesn't?w!orkiftheinstructionstobMecarriedoutincludeOUTPUT,eSTOP,or?LOCAL.GFeorfexample,considerthisproMcedure:.toexample.print[Guessmysecretword. TYougetthreeguesses.].repeat3[type"|??|~hv@ifreadword="secret[pr"Right!stop]].print[Sorry,thewordwas"secret"!].endGThisHproMcedurew!orksaswritten,[PbutifMY.REPEATisusedinsteadofREPEAT,itw!on'tworkGbMecauseftheSTOPwillstopMY.REPEATinsteadofstoppingEXAMPLEasdesired.GTheX%solutionX&istomak!eMY.REPEATamacro.Insteadofactuallycarryingoutthecomputa-Gtion,amacrom!ustreturnalistcon!tainingLogoinstructions.@Thecon!tentsofthatlistareGevdDaluatedasiftheyappMearedinplaceofthecalltothemacro.0Here'samacrov!ersionofGREPEAT:..macromy.repeat:num:instructions.if:num=0[output[]].outputsentence:instructions~<(list"my.repeat:num-1:instructions).endGEv!ery\macrois]anopMeration|itm!ustalwaysoutputsomething.6Evenin]thebasecase,GMY.REPEAToutputsanempt!yinstructionlist.Teosho!whowMY.REPEATworks,:let'staketheGexampleT G843)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍.my.repeat5[print"hello]33GFeorfthisexample,MY.REPEATwilloutputtheinstructionlist.[print"hellomy.repeat4[print"hello]]GLogomthenmexecutestheseinstructionsinplaceoftheoriginalin!voMcationmofMY.REPEAT;this 33Gprin!tsfhelloonceandinvokesanotherrepMetition.GTheRFtec!hniqueRGjustshown,}>althoughfairlyeasyRGtounderstand,hasthedefectRGofslo!wnessGbMecauseJeac!hrepetitionhastoconstructanKinstructionlistforevdDaluation.dAnotherap-Gproac!h3)istomake3(MY.REPEATamacrothatworksjustlikethe3(non-macroversionunlesstheGinstructionsftobMerepeatedincludeOUTPUTorSTOP:..macromy.repeat:num:instructions.catch"repeat.catchtag~Qw[oprepeat.donerunresult[repeat1:num:instructions]].op[].endff.torepeat1:num:instructions.if:num=0[throw"repeat.catchtag].run:instructions..maybeoutputrepeat1:num-1:instructions.end.torepeat.done:repeat.result.ifemptyp:repeat.result[op[stop]].oplist"outputquotedfirst:repeat.result.end33GIf|the|instructionsdonotincludeSTOPorOUTPUT,{thenREPEAT1willreac!hitsbasecaseGandin!vokeTHROW.Asaresult,MY.REPEAT'slastinstructionlinewilloutputanemptylist,Gso[athe[bevdDaluationofthemacroresultb!ythecallerwilldonothing.ButifaSTOPorOUTPUTGhappMens,]thenKREPEAT.DONEwillKoutputaSTOPorOUTPUTinstructionthatwillbMeexecutedGinfthecaller'scon!text.GThezmacro-de ningzcommandsha!veznamesstartingwithadotbMecausemacrosareanGadvdDancedH\featureofLogo;Vit'seasytogetintroubleb!yde ningamacrothatdoMesn'tGterminate,forb!yfailingtoconstructtheinstructionlistpropMerlye.GLispusersshouldnotethatLogomacrosarenotspMecialforms.Thatis,theinputstotheGmacro84are83evdDaluatednormallye,N=astheyw!ouldbMeforan!yotherLogoproMcedure."It'sonlytheGoutputffromthemacrothat'shandledun!usuallye.GHere'sfanotherexample:..macrolocalmake:name:value.output(list"local9|~y>word"":name>~y>"apply9|~U GChapterf9:MacrosL58533͍y>""make9|~ 33y>(list:name:value)).end33GIt'sfusedthisw!ay:.totry 33.localmake"garply"hello.print:garply.end33GLOCALMAKEfoutputsthelist.[loMcalf"garplyapply"mak!e[garplyhello]]GThereasonfortheuseofAPPLYistoa!voidhavingtodecidewhetherornotthesecond 33Ginput0toMAKErequiresaquotationmarkbMeforeit.;(Inthiscaseitw!ould|MAKEf"GARPLYG"HELLOf|butthequotationmarkw!ouldbMewrongifthevdDaluewerealist.)33GIt'sfoftencon!venientftousethe`functiontoconstructtheinstructionlist:..macrolocalmake:name:value 33.op`[local,[word"":name]apply"make[,[:name],[:value]]].end33GOnftheotherhand,`isprett!yslow,sinceit'streerecursiveandwritteninLogo.GSee[TO],page49, , [DEFINE],page50,,[APPLeY],page76,, [STOP],page69,, [OUT- 33GPUT],fpage69,.㐍Gm.defmacro3GSeef[dMA!CRO],page83,.㑍Gmmacrop.MACROPname.MACRO?name33GoutputsfTRUEifitsinputisthenameofamacro.㐍Gmmacroiexpand.MACROEXPANDexpr(libraryprocedure)Gtak!es@asAitsinputaLogoexpressionthatin!vokes@amacro(thatis,onethatbMeginswith 33Gtheinamejofamacro)andoutputsthetheLogoexpressionin!towhichithemacrow!ouldGtranslateftheinputexpression...macrolocalmake:name:value.op`[local,[word"":name]apply"make[,[:name],[:value]]].endff.?showmacroexpand[localmake"pi3.14159].[local"piapply"make[pi3.14159]]VS33W썟8733͍GZ10 QErrorzPro=cessingҍGIfanerroroMccurs,aLogotak!esthefollowingsteps.First,aifthereisanavdDailablevariable 33GnamedvERRACT,Logotak!esitsvdDalueasaninstructionlistandrunsvtheinstructions.NTheGopMerationERRORma!ybeusedwithintheinstructions(once)toexaminetheerrorcondition.GIfuthetinstructionlistin!vokesPAUSE,rtheuerrormessageisprin!tedbMeforethepausehappMens.GCertainVerrorsarereco!verable;q"forVoneofthoseerrors,fziftheinstructionlistoutputsavdDalue,GthatvdDalueisusedinplaceoftheexpressionthatcausedtheerror.(IfERRACTin!vokesPAUSEGandyStheyRuserthenin!vokesySCONTINUEwithaninput, thatinputbMecomestheoutputfromGPAUSEfandthereforetheoutputfromtheERRACTinstructionlist.)33GItPisPpMossibleforanERRACTinstructionlisttoproMduceaninappropriatevdDalueornovdDalueGwhereloneisneeded.Asaresult,)thesameerrorconditioncouldrecurforev!erbMecauseGof)this(mec!hanism.R%Teoavoid)thatdanger,ifthesame(errorconditionoMccurst!wiceinaGro!wgfromhanERRACTinstructionlistwithoutuserin!teraction,ާthemessage`Erractfloop'isGprin!ted and controlreturns totoplevel. "Withoutuser interaction"means thatifERRACTGin!vokesxPAUSEyandtheuserpro!videsanincorrectvdDalue,thisloMopprev!entionxmechanismGdoMesfnottak!ee ectandtheusergetstotryagain.GDuringd+thed,runningoftheERRACTinstructionlist,ERRACTisloMcallyun!bound,soand+errorGinŋtheŌERRACTinstructionsthemselv!eswillnotcausealoMop.;NInparticular,UanerrorduringGapausewillnotcauseapause-within-a-pauseunlesstheuserreassignsthevdDalue[PAUSE]Gto/ERRACT/duringthepause.yButsuc!hanerrorwillnotreturntotoplev!el;t8itwillremainGwithinftheoriginalpauseloMop.GIfthereisnoa!vdDailableERRACTvdDalue,{Logohandlestheerrorb!ygeneratinganin!ternalGTHROW"ERRORW ?.(A[user[program[canalsogenerateanerrorconditiondelibMeratelyb!yin-Gv!oking@pTHROW.)If@othisthrowis@onotcaughtby@oaCATCH"ERRORM|intheuserprogram,fitisGev!entuallyPcaughtQeitherbythetoplevelQinstructionloMoporbyQapauseloMop,whichQprintstheGerrormessage.JAnin!voMcationofCATCH"ERRORJkUinauserprogramloMcallyun!bindsERRACT,msoGthee ectisthatwhic!heverofERRACTandCATCH"ERRORK/^ismoreloMcalwilltak!eprecedence.GIfCa oatingCpMoin!tover owoMccursduringCanarithmeticoperation,kBorCat!wo-inputCmathe-Gmatical;Wfunction(lik!e;VPOWER)isinvokedwithan;Villegalcombinationofinputs,Pthe`doesn'tGlike'!messagereferstothe secondopMerand,butshouldbe tak!enasmeaningthecombina-Gtion.GSeey[ERRA!CT],page89,,[THROW],ypage69,,[ERROR],page70,,[CAeTCH],ypage69,,G[PeA!USE],fpage70,,[CONTINUE],page70,.ύGc10.1Errorf@Cos3des33GHerelaremthen!umericcoMdesthatappMearasthe rstmem!bMerofthelistoutputb!yERRORwhenGanerroriscaugh!t,"withthecorrespMondingmessages.Somemessagesmayhavetwodi erentGcoMdesdependingonwhetherornottheerrorisreco!verable(thatis,asubstitutevdDaluecanGbMey2pro!videdthroughthey1ERRACTmechanism)inthespMeci ccontext.V@SomemessagesareGw!arnings9aratherthanerrors;]thesewillnotbMecaught.Errors0and32aresobadthatLogoGexitsfimmediatelye.:x0Fatalinternalerror T(can'tfbMecaugh!t)X%G883)BERKELEYfLOGO6.133͍:x1Outofmemory 33:x2Stackoverflow:x3Turtleoutofbounds:x4procdoesn'tlikedatumasinput T(notfreco!verable):x5procdidn'toutputtoproc:x6Notenoughinputstoproc:x7procdoesn'tlikedatumasinput T(reco!verable):x8Toomuchinside()'s:x9 TYoudon'tsaywhattodowithdatum4F10')'notfound4F11varhasnovalue4F12Unexpected')'4F13Idon'tknowhowtoproc T(reco!verable)4F14Can'tfindcatchtagforthrowtag4F15procisalreadydefined4F16Stopped4F17Alreadydribbling4F18Filesystemerror4F19AssumingyoumeanIFELSE,notIF T(w!arningfonly)4F20varshadowedbylocalinprocedurecall T(w!arningfonly)4F21Throw"Error4F22procisaprimitive4F23Can'tuseTOinsideaprocedure4F24Idon'tknowhowtoproc T(notfreco!verable)4F25IFTRUE/IFFALSEwithoutTEST4F26Unexpected']'4F27Unexpected'}'4F28Couldn'tinitializegraphics4F29Macroreturnedvalueinsteadofalist4F30Youdon'tsaywhattodowithvalue4F31CanonlyuseSTOPorOUTPUTinsideaprocedure4F32APPLYdoesn'tlikebadthingasinput4F33ENDinsidemulti-lineinstruction4F34Reallyoutofmemory T(can'tfbMecaugh!t)4F35user-generatederrormessage(THROW"ERRORmessage)4F36ENDinsidemulti-lineinstruction4F37Baddefaultexpressionforoptionalinput:expr4F38Can'tuseOUTPUTorSTOPinsideRUNRESULT4F39 TAssumingyoumeant'FD100',notFD100(orfsimilar)4F40Ican'topenfilefilename4F41Filefilenamealreadyopen4F42Filefilenamenotopen4F43Runlist[exprexpr]hasmorethanoneexpression.Y0i8933͍GZ11 QSp=ecialzVaGariables",aGLogotak!esspMecialactionifan!yofthefollo!wingvdDariablenamesexists.,Theyfollo!wthe 33Gnormaloscopingrules,soaproMcedurecanlocallysetoneofthemtoolimitthescopeofitse ect.GInitiallye,bno vdDariables existexceptforALLOWGETSET,bCASEIGNOREDP,bandUNBURYONEDIT,Gwhic!hfareTRUEandburied.z⍍Gcallowgetset33.ALLOWGETSET6(variable)33GifTRUE,)indicatesthatanattempttouseaproMcedurethatdoesn'texistshouldbetak!enasGanHimplicitgetterorsetterproMcedure(setteriftheG rstthreelettersofthenameareSET)GforfavdDariableofthesamename(withouttheSETifappropriate).Gmbuttonact3.BUTTONACT6(variable)Gif"nonempt!ye,QshouldbMeaninstructionlistthatwillbeevdDaluatedwhenev!eramousebuttonGis?pressed.gNotethattheuserma!y>have?releasedthebuttonbMeforetheinstructionsareGevdDaluated.7BUTTONswilltstilloutputwhic!hbuttonw!asmostrecen!tlypressed.6CLICKPOSwillGoutput ]the \pMositionofthemousecursoratthemomen!tthebuttonw!aspressed;(variable)Gafrealn!umbMerfindicatingtheLogov!ersionnumbMer,e.g.,5.5Gmlogoplatform3.LOGOPLATFORM4>(variable)Gonefofthefollo!wingwords:wxWidgets,X11,Windows,orUnix-nographics.\L33]S39333͍GZ12 QInuternationalization)GBerk!eleyLogohaslimitedsuppMortfornon-English-speakingusers.Alas,thereisnoUnicode 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썒vbarred?⍑U:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:J16vbarredp'7U:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:16$}kcWw9aituፑU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:671whileSU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:W/73 @windo9wSU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:/40w9ordlU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:,9w9ordpU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:uڬ14wrap pU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:L40writepAos*jU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:F25writerTU:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:025${kcX 썒xcors6U:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:439kcYycors6U:pU:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:U:439fa"33۶;C6ïsmN # cmbx12kgff cmmi12cNff cmbx12ZNG cmbx12QNj cmbx12?!", 3 cmsy10> b> 3 cmmi10= BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: About This Document
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About This Document

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Short Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

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Footnotes

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Computer Science Logo Style

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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_17.html0000664000175000017500000002647013601426471016374 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: INDEX: X – Y
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INDEX: X – Y

Jump to:   *   +   -   .   /   <   =   >   `  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
Index Entry  Section
X
xcor xcor
Y
ycor ycor
Jump to:   *   +   -   .   /   <   =   >   `  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_16.html0000664000175000017500000007204213601426471016367 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: INDEX: S – W
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INDEX: S – W

Jump to:   *   +   -   .   /   <   =   >   `  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
Index Entry  Section
S
save save
savel savel
savepict savepict
screenmode screenmode
scrunch scrunch
scrunch.dat setscrunch
se sentence
sentence sentence
setbackground setbackground
setbg setbackground
setcslsloc setcslsloc
setcursor setcursor
seteditor seteditor
setfont setfont
seth setheading
setheading setheading
sethelploc sethelploc
setitem setitem
setlabelheight setlabelheight
setlibloc setlibloc
setmargins setmargins
setpalette setpalette
setpc setpencolor
setpen setpen
setpencolor setpencolor
setpenpattern setpenpattern
setpensize setpensize
setpos setpos
setprefix setprefix
setread setread
setreadpos setreadpos
setscrunch setscrunch
settc settextcolor
settemploc settemploc
setter 1.2 Getter/Setter Variable Syntax
settextcolor settextcolor
settextsize settextsize
setwrite setwrite
setwritepos setwritepos
setx setx
setxy setxy
sety sety
shell shell
show show
shown? shownp
shownp shownp
showturtle showturtle
sin sin
splitscreen splitscreen
sqrt sqrt
ss splitscreen
st showturtle
standout standout
starting ucblogo 1.3 Entering and Leaving Logo
startup startup
step step
stepped stepped
stepped? steppedp
steppedp steppedp
stop stop
substring? substringp
substringp substringp
sum sum
T
tag tag
temp edit
template 8.2 Template-based Iteration
test test
text text
textscreen textscreen
textsize textsize
thing thing
throw throw
to to
towards towards
trace trace
traced traced
traced? tracedp
tracedp tracedp
transfer transfer
turtlemode turtlemode
type type
U
unbury unbury
unburyall unburyall
unburyname unburyname
unburyonedit unburyonedit
unstep unstep
until until
untrace untrace
uppercase uppercase
usealternatenames usealternatenames
V
vbarred? vbarredp
vbarredp vbarredp
W
wait wait
while while
window window
word word
wordp wordp
wrap wrap
writepos writepos
writer writer
Jump to:   *   +   -   .   /   <   =   >   `  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_15.html0000664000175000017500000010237013601426471016364 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: INDEX: M – R
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INDEX: M – R

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A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
Index Entry  Section
M
macro? macrop
macroexpand macroexpand
macrop macrop
make make
map map
map.se map.se
mdarray mdarray
mditem mditem
mdsetitem mdsetitem
member member
member? memberp
memberp memberp
minus minus
modulo modulo
mousepos mousepos
N
name name
name? namep
namelist namelist
namep namep
names names
nodes nodes
nodribble nodribble
norefresh norefresh
not not
notequal? notequalp
notequalp notequalp
number? numberp
numberp numberp
O
op output
openappend openappend
openread openread
openupdate openupdate
openwrite openwrite
or or
output output
P
palette palette
parse parse
pause pause
pc pencolor
pd pendown
pe penerase
pen pen
pencolor pencolor
pendown pendown
pendown? pendownp
pendownp pendownp
penerase penerase
penmode penmode
penpaint penpaint
penpattern pensize
penreverse penreverse
pensize pensize
penup penup
pick pick
plist plist
plist? plistp
plistp plistp
plists plists
pllist pllist
po po
poall poall
pon pon
pons pons
pop pop
popl popl
popls popls
pops pops
pos pos
pot pot
pots pots
power power
pprop pprop
ppt penpaint
pr print
prefix prefix
primitive? primitivep
primitivep primitivep
primitives primitives
print print
printdepthlimit printdepthlimit
printout po
printwidthlimit printwidthlimit
procedure? procedurep
procedurep procedurep
procedures procedures
product product
pu penup
push push
px penreverse
Q
queue queue
quoted quoted
quotient quotient
R
radarctan radarctan
radcos radcos
radsin radsin
random random
rawascii rawascii
rc readchar
rcs readchars
readchar readchar
readchars readchars
reader reader
readlist readlist
readpos readpos
readrawline readrawline
readword readword
redefp redefp
reduce reduce
refresh refresh
remainder remainder
remdup remdup
remove remove
remprop remprop
repcount repcount
repeat repeat
rerandom rerandom
reverse reverse
right right
rl readlist
round round
rseq rseq
rt right
run run
runparse runparse
runparsing 1.4 Tokenization
runresult runresult
rw readword
Jump to:   *   +   -   .   /   <   =   >   `  
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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_14.html0000664000175000017500000007442513601426471016374 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: INDEX: E – L
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INDEX: E – L

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A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
Index Entry  Section
E
ed edit
edall edall
edit edit
editfile editfile
editor edit
edn edn
edns edns
edpl edpl
edpls edpls
edps edps
empty? emptyp
emptyp emptyp
eof? eofp
eofp eofp
epspict epspict
equal? equalp
equalp equalp
er erase
erall erall
erase erase
erasefile erasefile
erf erasefile
ern ern
erns erns
erpl erpl
erpls erpls
erps erps
erract erract
error error
errors 10.1 Error Codes
exp exp
F
fd forward
fence fence
file? filep
filep filep
fill fill
filled filled
filter filter
find find
first first
firsts firsts
font font
for for
foreach foreach
forever forever
form form
forward forward
fput fput
fs fullscreen
fullprintp fullprintp
fullscreen fullscreen
fulltext fulltext
G
gc gc
gensym gensym
getter 1.2 Getter/Setter Variable Syntax
global global
goto goto
gprop gprop
greater? greaterp
greaterequal? greaterequalp
greaterequalp greaterequalp
greaterp greaterp
H
heading heading
help help
hideturtle hideturtle
home home
ht hideturtle
I
if if
ifelse ifelse
iff iffalse
iffalse iffalse
ift iftrue
iftrue iftrue
ignore ignore
increasefont increasefont
int int
invoke invoke
iseq iseq
item item
K
key? keyp
keyact keyact
keyp keyp
L
label label
labelsize labelsize
last last
leaving ucblogo 1.3 Entering and Leaving Logo
left left
less? lessp
lessequal? lessequalp
lessequalp lessequalp
lessp lessp
line-continuation 1.4 Tokenization
list list
list? listp
listp listp
listtoarray listtoarray
ln ln
load load
loadnoisily loadnoisily
loadpict loadpict
local local
localmake localmake
log10 log10
logohelp help
logoplatform logoplatform
logoversion logoversion
lowercase lowercase
lput lput
lshift lshift
lt left
Jump to:   *   +   -   .   /   <   =   >   `  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
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INDEX

Jump to:   *   +   -   .   /   <   =   >   `  
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y  
Index Entry  Section
*
* product
+
+ sum
-
- difference
.
.defmacro .macro
.eq .eq
.macro .macro
.maybeoutput .maybeoutput
.setbf .setbf
.setfirst .setfirst
.setitem .setitem
.setsegmentsize .setsegmentsize
/
/ quotient
<
< lessp
<= lessequalp
<> notequalp
=
= equalp
>
> greaterp
>= greaterequalp
‘
‘ ‘
A
allopen allopen
AllowGetSet 1.2 Getter/Setter Variable Syntax
allowgetset allowgetset
and and
apply apply
arc arc
arctan arctan
arity arity
array array
array? arrayp
arrayp arrayp
arraytolist arraytolist
ascii ascii
ashift ashift
B
back back
background background
before? beforep
beforep beforep
bf butfirst
bfs butfirsts
bg background
bitand bitand
bitnot bitnot
bitor bitor
bitxor bitxor
bk back
bl butlast
buried buried
buried? buriedp
buriedp buriedp
bury bury
buryall buryall
buryname buryname
butfirst butfirst
butfirsts butfirsts
butlast butlast
button button
button? buttonp
buttonact buttonact
buttonp buttonp
bye bye
C
cascade cascade
cascade.2 cascade.2
case case
case-insensitive 1.4 Tokenization
caseignoredp caseignoredp
catch catch
char char
clean clean
clearscreen clearscreen
cleartext cleartext
clickpos clickpos
close close
closeall closeall
co continue
combine combine
commandline commandline
comments 1.4 Tokenization
Computer_Science_Logo_Style 1.1 Overview
cond cond
contents contents
continue continue
copydef copydef
Copyright 1.1 Overview
cos cos
count count
crossmap crossmap
cs clearscreen
cslsload cslsload
ct cleartext
cursor cursor
D
decreasefont increasefont
define define
defined? definedp
definedp definedp
delimiters 1.4 Tokenization
dequeue dequeue
difference difference
do.until do.until
do.while do.while
dribble dribble
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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_12.html0000664000175000017500000003016413601426471016362 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 12 Internationalization
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12 Internationalization

Berkeley Logo has limited support for non-English-speaking users. Alas, there is no Unicode support, and high-bit-on ASCII codes work in some contexts but not others.

If you want to translate Berkeley Logo for use with another language, there are three main things you have to do: 

1. Primitive names
2. Error (and other) messages
3. Documentation

For primitive names, the easiest thing is to provide a startup file that defines aliases for the English primitive names, using COPYDEF: 

COPYDEF "AVANT "FORWARD

This should take care of it, unless your language’s name for one primitive is spelled like the English name of a different primitive. In that case you have to turn REDEFP on and be sure to copy the non-conflicting name before overwriting the conflicting one!

"Primitives" that are actually in the Logo library, of course, can just be replaced or augmented with native-language-named Logo procedures and filenames.

Of course Logo programs will still not look like your native language if the word order is dramatically different, especially if you don’t put verbs before their objects.

For error messages, there is a file named ‘Messages’ in the ‘logolib’ directory with texts of messages, one per line. You can replace this with a file for your own language. Do not add, delete, or reorder lines; Logo finds messages by line number. The sequences %p, %s, and %t in these messages represent variable parts of the message and should not be translated. (%p PRINTs the variable part, while %s SHOWs it – that is, the difference is about whether or not brackets are shown surrounding a list. %t means that the variable part is a C text string rather than a Logo object.) If you want to change the order of two variable parts (no reorderable message has more than two), you would for example replace the line 

%p doesn't like %s as input

with 

%+s is a lousy input to %p

The plus sign tells the message printer to reverse the order; you must reverse the order of %p and %s, if both are used, to match. The plus sign goes just after the first percent sign in the message, which might not be at the beginning of the line. The sequence \n in a message represents a newline; don’t be fooled into thinking that the n is part of the following word.

Some messages appear twice in the file; this isn’t a mistake. The two spaces before to in I don't know how\ \ to aren’t a mistake either. The message containing just %p is for user-provided error messages in THROW "ERROR. The message "\ \ in %s\n%s" is the part of all error messages that indicates where the error occurred if it was inside a procedure; you might want to change the word in to your language. %s defined\n is what LOAD prints for each procedure defined if the variable LOADNOISILY is TRUE. "to %p\nend\n\n" is what EDIT puts in the temporary file if you ask to edit a procedure that isn’t already defined.

Also in the ‘Messages’ file are lines containing only one word each; the first of these is the word true. Some of these words are recognized by Logo in user input; some are generated by Logo; some are both. For example, the words TRUE and FALSE are recognized as Boolean values by IF and IFELSE, and are also generated by Logo as outputs from the primitive predicates such as EQUALP. The word END is recognized as the end of a procedure definition, and may be generated when Logo reconstructs a procedure body for PO or EDIT. I’ve used capital letters in this paragraph for easier reading, but the words in the ‘Messages’ file should be in lower case.

If you replace these with non-English words, Logo will recognize both the English names and your alternate names. For example, if you replace the word true with vrai then Logo will understand both of these: 

IF "TRUE [PRINT "YES]
IF "VRAI [PRINT "YES]

The variable UseAlternateNames determines whether Logo will generate other-language names – for example, whether predicate functions return the other-language alternates for TRUE and FALSE. This variable is FALSE by default, meaning that the English words will be generated.

You might wish to have English-named predicate functions generate English TRUE and FALSE, while other-language-named predicates generate the alternate words. This can be done by leaving UseAlternateNames false, and instead of defining the other-language predicates with COPYDEF, do it this way: 

to french.boolean :bool
if equalp :bool "true [output "vrai]
if equalp :bool "false [output "faux]
output :bool	; shouldn't happen
end

to make.french.predicate :french :english :arity
define :french `[[[inputs] ,[:arity]]
                 [output french.boolean
			    apply ,[word "" :english] :inputs]]
end

? make.french.predicate "egal? "equal? 2
? pr egal? 3 4
faux
? pr egal? 4 4
vrai
? pr equal? 3 4
false
? pr equal? 4 4
true

The third input to make.french.predicate is the number of inputs that the predicate expects. This solution isn’t quite perfect because the infix predicates (=, <, >) will still output in English. If you want them to generate alternate-language words, set UseAlternateNames to TRUE instead.

Some of the words in this section of the ‘Messages’ file are names of Logo primitives (OUTPUT, STOP, GOTO, TAG, IF, IFELSE, TO, .MACRO). To translate these names, you must use COPYDEF as described earlier, in addition to changing the names in ‘Messages’. You should be consistent in these two steps. Don’t forget the period in .macro!

For documentation, there are two kinds: this manual and the help files. The latter are generated automatically from this manual if you have a Unix system, so in that case you need only translate this manual, maintaining the format. (The automatic helpfile generator notices things like capital letters, tabs, hyphens, and equal signs at the beginnings of lines.) The program makefile.c may require modification because a few of the primitive names are special cases (e.g., LOG10 is the only name with digits included).

If you don’t have Unix tools, you can just translate each helpfile individually. A period in a primitive name is represented as a D in the filename; there are no files for question marks because the HELP command looks for the file named after the corresponding primitive that ends in P.

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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_11.html0000664000175000017500000011075213601426471016363 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 11 Special Variables
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11 Special Variables

Logo takes special action if any of the following variable names exists. They follow the normal scoping rules, so a procedure can locally set one of them to limit the scope of its effect. Initially, no variables exist except for ALLOWGETSET, CASEIGNOREDP, and UNBURYONEDIT, which are TRUE and buried.

allowgetset  
buttonact  
caseignoredp  
commandline  
erract  
fullprintp  
keyact  
loadnoisily  
printdepthlimit  
printwidthlimit  
redefp  
startup  
unburyonedit  
usealternatenames  
logoversion  
logoplatform  
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allowgetset

ALLOWGETSET                           (variable)

if TRUE, indicates that an attempt to use a procedure that doesn’t exist should be taken as an implicit getter or setter procedure (setter if the first three letters of the name are SET) for a variable of the same name (without the SET if appropriate).

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buttonact

BUTTONACT                           (variable)

if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a mouse button is pressed. Note that the user may have released the button before the instructions are evaluated. BUTTON will still output which button was most recently pressed. CLICKPOS will output the position of the mouse cursor at the moment the button was pressed; this may be different from MOUSEPOS if the user moves the mouse after clicking.

Note that it’s possible for the user to press a button during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting BUTTONACT to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: 

make "buttonact [button.action]

to button.action [:buttonact []]
... ; whatever you want the button to do
end
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caseignoredp

CASEIGNOREDP                                (variable)

if TRUE, indicates that lower case and upper case letters should be considered equal by EQUALP, BEFOREP, MEMBERP, etc. Logo initially makes this variable TRUE, and buries it.

See section equalp , beforep , memberp .

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commandline

COMMANDLINE                                (variable)

contains any text appearing after a hyphen on the command line used to start Logo.

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erract

ERRACT                                      (variable)

an instructionlist that will be run in the event of an error. Typically has the value [PAUSE] to allow interactive debugging.

See section pause .

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fullprintp

FULLPRINTP                               (variable)

if TRUE, then words that were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same value. If FULLPRINTP is TRUE then the empty word (however it was created) prints as ||. (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.)

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keyact

KEYACT                               (variable)

if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated whenever a key is pressed on the keyboard. The instruction list can use READCHAR to find out what key was pressed. Note that only keys that produce characters qualify; pressing SHIFT or CONTROL alone will not cause KEYACT to be evaluated.

Note that it’s possible for the user to press a key during the evaluation of the instruction list. If this would confuse your program, prevent it by temporarily setting KEYACT to the empty list. One easy way to do that is the following: 

make "keyact [key.action]

to key.action [:keyact []]
... ; whatever you want the key to do
end
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loadnoisily

LOADNOISILY                                 (variable)

if TRUE, prints the names of procedures defined when loading from a file (including the temporary file made by EDIT).

See section edit .

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printdepthlimit

PRINTDEPTHLIMIT                             (variable)

if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum depth of sublist structure that will be printed by PRINT, etc.

See section print .

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printwidthlimit

PRINTWIDTHLIMIT                             (variable)

if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum number of members in any one list that will be printed by PRINT, etc.

See section print .

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redefp

REDEFP                                      (variable)

if TRUE, allows primitives to be erased (ERASE) or redefined (COPYDEF).

See section erase , copydef .

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startup

STARTUP                                     (variable)

if assigned a list value in a file loaded by LOAD, that value is run as an instructionlist after the loading.

See section load .

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unburyonedit

UNBURYONEDIT                            (variable)

if TRUE, causes any procedure defined during EDIT or LOAD to be unburied, so that it will be saved by a later SAVE. Files that want to define and bury procedures must do it in that order.

See section edit , See section load , See section save .

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usealternatenames

USEALTERNATENAMES					(variable)

if TRUE, causes Logo to generate non-English words (from the ‘Messages’ file) instead of TRUE, FALSE, END, etc.

Logo provides the following buried variables that can be used by programs:

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logoversion

LOGOVERSION                                   (variable)

a real number indicating the Logo version number, e.g., 5.5

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logoplatform

LOGOPLATFORM                                   (variable)

one of the following words: wxWidgets, X11, Windows, or Unix-nographics.

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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_10.html0000664000175000017500000002766513601426471016374 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 10 Error Processing
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10 Error Processing

10.1 Error Codes  

If an error occurs, Logo takes the following steps. First, if there is an available variable named ERRACT, Logo takes its value as an instructionlist and runs the instructions. The operation ERROR may be used within the instructions (once) to examine the error condition. If the instructionlist invokes PAUSE, the error message is printed before the pause happens. Certain errors are recoverable; for one of those errors, if the instructionlist outputs a value, that value is used in place of the expression that caused the error. (If ERRACT invokes PAUSE and the user then invokes CONTINUE with an input, that input becomes the output from PAUSE and therefore the output from the ERRACT instructionlist.)

It is possible for an ERRACT instructionlist to produce an inappropriate value or no value where one is needed. As a result, the same error condition could recur forever because of this mechanism. To avoid that danger, if the same error condition occurs twice in a row from an ERRACT instructionlist without user interaction, the message ‘Erract loop’ is printed and control returns to toplevel. "Without user interaction" means that if ERRACT invokes PAUSE and the user provides an incorrect value, this loop prevention mechanism does not take effect and the user gets to try again.

During the running of the ERRACT instructionlist, ERRACT is locally unbound, so an error in the ERRACT instructions themselves will not cause a loop. In particular, an error during a pause will not cause a pause-within-a-pause unless the user reassigns the value [PAUSE] to ERRACT during the pause. But such an error will not return to toplevel; it will remain within the original pause loop.

If there is no available ERRACT value, Logo handles the error by generating an internal THROW "ERROR. (A user program can also generate an error condition deliberately by invoking THROW.) If this throw is not caught by a CATCH "ERROR in the user program, it is eventually caught either by the toplevel instruction loop or by a pause loop, which prints the error message. An invocation of CATCH "ERROR in a user program locally unbinds ERRACT, so the effect is that whichever of ERRACT and CATCH "ERROR is more local will take precedence.

If a floating point overflow occurs during an arithmetic operation, or a two-input mathematical function (like POWER) is invoked with an illegal combination of inputs, the ‘doesn't like’ message refers to the second operand, but should be taken as meaning the combination.

See section erract , throw , error , catch , pause , continue .

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10.1 Error Codes

Here are the numeric codes that appear as the first member of the list output by ERROR when an error is caught, with the corresponding messages. Some messages may have two different codes depending on whether or not the error is recoverable (that is, a substitute value can be provided through the ERRACT mechanism) in the specific context. Some messages are warnings rather than errors; these will not be caught. Errors 0 and 32 are so bad that Logo exits immediately. 

  0	Fatal internal error  (can't be caught)
  1	Out of memory
  2	Stack overflow
  3	Turtle out of bounds
  4	proc doesn't like datum as input  (not recoverable)
  5	proc didn't output to proc
  6	Not enough inputs to proc
  7	proc doesn't like datum as input  (recoverable)
  8	Too much inside ()'s
  9 	You don't say what to do with datum
 10	')' not found
 11	var has no value
 12	Unexpected ')'
 13	I don't know how to proc  (recoverable)
 14	Can't find catch tag for throwtag
 15	proc is already defined
 16	Stopped
 17	Already dribbling
 18	File system error
 19	Assuming you mean IFELSE, not IF  (warning only)
 20	var shadowed by local in procedure call  (warning only)
 21	Throw "Error
 22	proc is a primitive
 23	Can't use TO inside a procedure
 24	I don't know how to proc  (not recoverable)
 25	IFTRUE/IFFALSE without TEST
 26	Unexpected ']'
 27	Unexpected '}'
 28	Couldn't initialize graphics
 29	Macro returned value instead of a list
 30	You don't say what to do with value
 31	Can only use STOP or OUTPUT inside a procedure
 32	APPLY doesn't like badthing as input
 33	END inside multi-line instruction
 34	Really out of memory  (can't be caught)
 35	user-generated error message (THROW "ERROR message)
 36	END inside multi-line instruction
 37	Bad default expression for optional input: expr
 38	Can't use OUTPUT or STOP inside RUNRESULT
 39 	Assuming you meant 'FD 100', not FD100  (or similar)
 40	I can't open file filename
 41	File filename already open
 42	File filename not open
 43	Runlist [expr expr] has more than one expression.
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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_9.html0000664000175000017500000004305613601426471016314 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 9 Macros
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9 Macros

.macro  
.defmacro  
macrop  
macroexpand  
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.macro

.MACRO procname :input1 :input2 ...			(special form)
.DEFMACRO procname text

A macro is a special kind of procedure whose output is evaluated as Logo instructions in the context of the macro’s caller. .MACRO is exactly like TO except that the new procedure becomes a macro; .DEFMACRO is exactly like DEFINE with the same exception.

Macros are useful for inventing new control structures comparable to REPEAT, IF, and so on. Such control structures can almost, but not quite, be duplicated by ordinary Logo procedures. For example, here is an ordinary procedure version of REPEAT: 

to my.repeat :num :instructions
if :num=0 [stop]
run :instructions
my.repeat :num-1 :instructions
end

This version works fine for most purposes, e.g., 

my.repeat 5 [print "hello]

But it doesn’t work if the instructions to be carried out include OUTPUT, STOP, or LOCAL. For example, consider this procedure: 

to example
print [Guess my secret word.  You get three guesses.]
repeat 3 [type "|?? | ~
          if readword = "secret [pr "Right! stop]]
print [Sorry, the word was "secret"!]
end

This procedure works as written, but if MY.REPEAT is used instead of REPEAT, it won’t work because the STOP will stop MY.REPEAT instead of stopping EXAMPLE as desired.

The solution is to make MY.REPEAT a macro. Instead of actually carrying out the computation, a macro must return a list containing Logo instructions. The contents of that list are evaluated as if they appeared in place of the call to the macro. Here’s a macro version of REPEAT: 

.macro my.repeat :num :instructions
if :num=0 [output []]
output sentence :instructions ~
                (list "my.repeat :num-1 :instructions)
end

Every macro is an operation — it must always output something. Even in the base case, MY.REPEAT outputs an empty instruction list. To show how MY.REPEAT works, let’s take the example 

my.repeat 5 [print "hello]

For this example, MY.REPEAT will output the instruction list 

[print "hello my.repeat 4 [print "hello]]

Logo then executes these instructions in place of the original invocation of MY.REPEAT; this prints hello once and invokes another repetition.

The technique just shown, although fairly easy to understand, has the defect of slowness because each repetition has to construct an instruction list for evaluation. Another approach is to make MY.REPEAT a macro that works just like the non-macro version unless the instructions to be repeated include OUTPUT or STOP: 

.macro my.repeat :num :instructions
catch "repeat.catchtag ~
      [op repeat.done runresult [repeat1 :num :instructions]]
op []
end

to repeat1 :num :instructions
if :num=0 [throw "repeat.catchtag]
run :instructions
.maybeoutput repeat1 :num-1 :instructions
end

to repeat.done :repeat.result
if emptyp :repeat.result [op [stop]]
op list "output quoted first :repeat.result
end

If the instructions do not include STOP or OUTPUT, then REPEAT1 will reach its base case and invoke THROW. As a result, MY.REPEAT’s last instruction line will output an empty list, so the evaluation of the macro result by the caller will do nothing. But if a STOP or OUTPUT happens, then REPEAT.DONE will output a STOP or OUTPUT instruction that will be executed in the caller’s context.

The macro-defining commands have names starting with a dot because macros are an advanced feature of Logo; it’s easy to get in trouble by defining a macro that doesn’t terminate, or by failing to construct the instruction list properly.

Lisp users should note that Logo macros are not special forms. That is, the inputs to the macro are evaluated normally, as they would be for any other Logo procedure. It’s only the output from the macro that’s handled unusually.

Here’s another example: 

.macro localmake :name :value
output (list "local          ~
             word "" :name   ~
             "apply          ~
             ""make          ~
             (list :name :value))
end

It’s used this way: 

to try
localmake "garply "hello
print :garply
end

LOCALMAKE outputs the list 

[local "garply apply "make [garply hello]]

The reason for the use of APPLY is to avoid having to decide whether or not the second input to MAKE requires a quotation mark before it. (In this case it would — MAKE "GARPLY "HELLO — but the quotation mark would be wrong if the value were a list.)

It’s often convenient to use the ‘ function to construct the instruction list: 

.macro localmake :name :value
op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]]
end

On the other hand, ‘ is pretty slow, since it’s tree recursive and written in Logo.

See section to , define , apply , stop , output .

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.defmacro

See section .macro .

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macrop

MACROP name
MACRO? name

outputs TRUE if its input is the name of a macro.

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macroexpand

MACROEXPAND expr				(library procedure)

takes as its input a Logo expression that invokes a macro (that is, one that begins with the name of a macro) and outputs the the Logo expression into which the macro would translate the input expression. 

.macro localmake :name :value
op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]]
end

? show macroexpand [localmake "pi 3.14159]
[local "pi apply "make [pi 3.14159]]
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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_8.html0000664000175000017500000034474213601426471016321 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 8 Control Structures
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8 Control Structures

8.1 Control  
8.2 Template-based Iteration  
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8.1 Control

Note: in the following descriptions, an instructionlist can be a list or a word. In the latter case, the word is parsed into list form before it is run. Thus, RUN READWORD or RUN READLIST will work. The former is slightly preferable because it allows for a continued line (with ~) that includes a comment (with ;) on the first line.

A tf input must be the word TRUE, the word FALSE, or a list. If it’s a list, then it must be a Logo expression, which will be evaluated to produce a value that must be TRUE or FALSE. The comparisons with TRUE and FALSE are always case-insensitive.

A runlist can consist of either a single expression (that produces a value) or zero or more instructions (that do something, rather than output a value), depending on the context: 

PRINT IFELSE :X<0 ["NEGATIVE] ["POSITIVE]  ; one value in each case
REPEAT 4 [PRINT "A PRINT "B]  ; two instructions
run  
runresult  
repeat  
forever  
repcount  
if  
ifelse  
test  
iftrue  
iffalse  
stop  
output  
catch  
throw  
error  
pause  
continue  
wait  
bye  
.maybeoutput   MAYBEOUTPUT
goto  
tag  
ignore  
‘  
for  
do.while   DO.WHILE
while  
do.until   DO.UNTIL
until  
case  
cond  
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run

RUN instructionlist

command or operation. Runs the Logo instructions in the input list; outputs if the list contains an expression that outputs.

See section readword , readlist .

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runresult

RUNRESULT instructionlist

runs the instructions in the input; outputs an empty list if those instructions produce no output, or a list whose only member is the output from running the input instructionlist. Useful for inventing command-or-operation control structures: 

local "result
make "result runresult [something]
if emptyp :result [stop]
output first :result
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repeat

REPEAT num instructionlist

command. Runs the instructionlist repeatedly, num times.

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forever

FOREVER instructionlist

command. Runs the "instructionlist" repeatedly, until something inside the instructionlist (such as STOP or THROW) makes it stop.

See section stop , See section throw .

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repcount

REPCOUNT

outputs the repetition count of the innermost current REPEAT or FOREVER, starting from 1. If no REPEAT or FOREVER is active, outputs –1.

The abbreviation # can be used for REPCOUNT unless the REPEAT is inside the template input to a higher order procedure such as FOREACH, in which case # has a different meaning.

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if

IF tf instructionlist
(IF tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2)

command. If the first input has the value TRUE, then IF runs the second input. If the first input has the value FALSE, then IF does nothing. (If given a third input, IF acts like IFELSE, as described below.) It is an error if the first input is not either TRUE or FALSE.

For compatibility with earlier versions of Logo, if an IF instruction is not enclosed in parentheses, but the first thing on the instruction line after the second input expression is a literal list (i.e., a list in square brackets), the IF is treated as if it were IFELSE, but a warning message is given. If this aberrant IF appears in a procedure body, the warning is given only the first time the procedure is invoked in each Logo session.

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ifelse

IFELSE tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2

command or operation. If the first input has the value TRUE, then IFELSE runs the second input. If the first input has the value FALSE, then IFELSE runs the third input. IFELSE outputs a value if the instructionlist contains an expression that outputs a value.

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test

TEST tf

command. Remembers its input, which must be TRUE or FALSE, for use by later IFTRUE or IFFALSE instructions. The effect of TEST is local to the procedure in which it is used; any corresponding IFTRUE or IFFALSE must be in the same procedure or a subprocedure.

See section iffalse .

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iftrue

IFTRUE instructionlist
IFT instructionlist

command. Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had a TRUE input. The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure.

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iffalse

IFFALSE instructionlist
IFF instructionlist

command. Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had a FALSE input. The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a superprocedure.

See section test .

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stop

STOP

command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. Control is returned to the context in which that procedure was invoked. The stopped procedure does not output a value.

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output

OUTPUT value
OP value

command. Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears. That procedure outputs the value value to the context in which it was invoked. Don’t be confused: OUTPUT itself is a command, but the procedure that invokes OUTPUT is an operation.

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catch

CATCH tag instructionlist

command or operation. Runs its second input. Outputs if that instructionlist outputs. If, while running the instructionlist, a THROW instruction is executed with a tag equal to the first input (case-insensitive comparison), then the running of the instructionlist is terminated immediately. In this case the CATCH outputs if a value input is given to THROW. The tag must be a word.

If the tag is the word ERROR, then any error condition that arises during the running of the instructionlist has the effect of THROW "ERROR instead of printing an error message and returning to toplevel. The CATCH does not output if an error is caught. Also, during the running of the instructionlist, the variable ERRACT is temporarily unbound. (If there is an error while ERRACT has a value, that value is taken as an instructionlist to be run after printing the error message. Typically the value of ERRACT, if any, is the list [PAUSE].)

See section error , erract , pause .

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throw

THROW tag
(THROW tag value)

command. Must be used within the scope of a CATCH with an equal tag. Ends the running of the instructionlist of the CATCH. If THROW is used with only one input, the corresponding CATCH does not output a value. If THROW is used with two inputs, the second provides an output for the CATCH.

THROW "TOPLEVEL can be used to terminate all running procedures and interactive pauses, and return to the toplevel instruction prompt. Typing the system interrupt character (<alt-S> for wxWidgets; otherwise normally <control-C> for Unix, <control-Q> for DOS, or <command-period> for Mac) has the same effect.

THROW "ERROR can be used to generate an error condition. If the error is not caught, it prints a message (THROW "ERROR) with the usual indication of where the error (in this case the THROW) occurred. If a second input is used along with a tag of ERROR, that second input is used as the text of the error message instead of the standard message. Also, in this case, the location indicated for the error will be, not the location of the THROW, but the location where the procedure containing the THROW was invoked. This allows user-defined procedures to generate error messages as if they were primitives. Note: in this case the corresponding CATCH "ERROR, if any, does not output, since the second input to THROW is not considered a return value.

THROW "SYSTEM immediately leaves Logo, returning to the operating system, without printing the usual parting message and without deleting any editor temporary file written by EDIT.

See section edit .

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error

ERROR

outputs a list describing the error just caught, if any. If there was not an error caught since the last use of ERROR, the empty list will be output. The error list contains four members: an integer code corresponding to the type of error, the text of the error message (as a single word including spaces), the name of the procedure in which the error occurred, and the instruction line on which the error occurred.

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pause

PAUSE

command or operation. Enters an interactive pause. The user is prompted for instructions, as at toplevel, but with a prompt that includes the name of the procedure in which PAUSE was invoked. Local variables of that procedure are available during the pause. PAUSE outputs if the pause is ended by a CONTINUE with an input.

If the variable ERRACT exists, and an error condition occurs, the contents of that variable are run as an instructionlist. Typically ERRACT is given the value [PAUSE] so that an interactive pause will be entered in the event of an error. This allows the user to check values of local variables at the time of the error.

Typing the system quit character (<alt-S> for wxWidgets; otherwise normally <control-\> for Unix, <control-W> for DOS, or <command-comma> for Mac) will also enter a pause.

See section erract .

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continue

CONTINUE value
CO value
(CONTINUE)
(CO)

command. Ends the current interactive pause, returning to the context of the PAUSE invocation that began it. If CONTINUE is given an input, that value is used as the output from the PAUSE. If not, the PAUSE does not output.

Exceptionally, the CONTINUE command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line.

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wait

WAIT time

command. Delays further execution for time 60ths of a second. Also causes any buffered characters destined for the terminal to be printed immediately. WAIT 0 can be used to achieve this buffer flushing without actually waiting.

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bye

BYE

command. Exits from Logo; returns to the operating system.

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.maybeoutput

.MAYBEOUTPUT value				(special form)

works like OUTPUT except that the expression that provides the input value might not, in fact, output a value, in which case the effect is like STOP. This is intended for use in control structure definitions, for cases in which you don’t know whether or not some expression produces a value. Example: 

to invoke :function [:inputs] 2
.maybeoutput apply :function :inputs
end

? (invoke "print "a "b "c)
a b c
? print (invoke "word "a "b "c)
abc

This is an alternative to RUNRESULT. It’s fast and easy to use, at the cost of being an exception to Logo’s evaluation rules. (Ordinarily, it should be an error if the expression that’s supposed to provide an input to something doesn’t have a value.)

See section output , stop , runresult .

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goto

GOTO word

command. Looks for a TAG command with the same input in the same procedure, and continues running the procedure from the location of that TAG. It is meaningless to use GOTO outside of a procedure.

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tag

TAG quoted.word

command. Does nothing. The input must be a literal word following a quotation mark ("), not the result of a computation. Tags are used by the GOTO command.

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ignore

IGNORE value					(library procedure)

command. Does nothing. Used when an expression is evaluated for a side effect and its actual value is unimportant.

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‘

` list						(library procedure)

outputs a list equal to its input but with certain substitutions. If a member of the input list is the word ‘,’ (comma) then the following member should be an instructionlist that produces an output when run. That output value replaces the comma and the instructionlist. If a member of the input list is the word ‘,@’ (comma atsign) then the following member should be an instructionlist that outputs a list when run. The members of that list replace the ‘,@’ and the instructionlist. Example: 

show `[foo baz ,[bf [a b c]] garply ,@[bf [a b c]]]

will print 

[foo baz [b c] garply b c]

A word starting with ‘,’ or ‘,@’ is treated as if the rest of the word were a one-word list, e.g., ‘,:foo’ is equivalent to ‘,[:Foo]’.

A word starting with ‘",’ (quote comma) or ‘:,’ (colon comma) becomes a word starting with ‘"’ or ‘:’ but with the result of running the substitution (or its first word, if the result is a list) replacing what comes after the comma.

Backquotes can be nested. Substitution is done only for commas at the same depth as the backquote in which they are found: 

? show `[a `[b ,[1+2] ,[foo ,[1+3] d] e] f]
[a ` [b , [1+2] , [foo 4 d] e] f]

?make "name1 "x
?make "name2 "y
? show `[a `[b ,:,:name1 ,",:name2 d] e]
[a ` [b , [:x] , ["y] d] e]
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for

FOR forcontrol instructionlist			(library procedure)

command. The first input must be a list containing three or four members: (1) a word, which will be used as the name of a local variable; (2) a word or list that will be evaluated as by RUN to determine a number, the starting value of the variable; (3) a word or list that will be evaluated to determine a number, the limit value of the variable; (4) an optional word or list that will be evaluated to determine the step size. If the fourth member is missing, the step size will be 1 or –1 depending on whether the limit value is greater than or less than the starting value, respectively.

The second input is an instructionlist. The effect of FOR is to run that instructionlist repeatedly, assigning a new value to the control variable (the one named by the first member of the forcontrol list) each time. First the starting value is assigned to the control variable. Then the value is compared to the limit value. FOR is complete when the sign of (current - limit) is the same as the sign of the step size. (If no explicit step size is provided, the instructionlist is always run at least once. An explicit step size can lead to a zero-trip FOR, e.g., FOR [I 1 0 1] ...). Otherwise, the instructionlist is run, then the step is added to the current value of the control variable and FOR returns to the comparison step. 

? for [i 2 7 1.5] [print :i]
2
3.5
5
6.5
?

See section run .

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do.while

DO.WHILE instructionlist tfexpression		(library procedure)

command. Repeatedly evaluates the instructionlist as long as the evaluated 

@var{tfexpres-sion}
remains TRUE. Evaluates the first input first, so the instructionlist is always run at least once. The tfexpression must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE.

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while

WHILE tfexpression instructionlist		(library procedure)

command. Repeatedly evaluates the instructionlist as long as the evaluated 

@var{tfexpres-sion}
remains TRUE. Evaluates the first input first, so the instructionlist may never be run at all. The tfexpression must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE.

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do.until

DO.UNTIL instructionlist tfexpression		(library procedure)

command. Repeatedly evaluates the instructionlist as long as the evaluated 

@var{tfexpres-sion}
remains FALSE. Evaluates the first input first, so the instructionlist is always run at least once. The tfexpression must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE.

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until

UNTIL tfexpression instructionlist		(library procedure)

command. Repeatedly evaluates the instructionlist as long as the evaluated 

@var{tfexpres-sion}
remains FALSE. Evaluates the first input first, so the instructionlist may never be run at all. The tfexpression must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated is TRUE or FALSE.

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case

CASE value clauses					(library procedure)

command or operation. The second input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either a list of values or the word ELSE and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. CASE examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word ELSE (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if any. If the first input to CASE is a member of the first element of a clause, then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if any. If neither of these conditions is met, then CASE goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, CASE does nothing. Example: 

to vowelp :letter
output case :letter [ [[a e i o u] "true] [else "false] ]
end
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cond

COND clauses						(library procedure)

command or operation. The input is a list of lists (clauses); each clause is a list whose first element is either an expression whose value is TRUE or FALSE, or the word ELSE, and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or instruction. COND examines the clauses in order. If a clause begins with the word ELSE (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if any. Otherwise, the first element of the clause is evaluated; the resulting value must be TRUE or FALSE. If it’s TRUE, then the butfirst of that clause is evaluated and COND outputs its value, if any. If the value is FALSE, then COND goes on to the next clause. If no clause is satisfied, COND does nothing. Example: 

to evens :numbers	; select even numbers from a list
op cond [ [[emptyp :numbers] []]
          [[evenp first :numbers]	; assuming EVENP is defined
           fput first :numbers evens butfirst :numbers]
          [else evens butfirst :numbers] ]
end
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8.2 Template-based Iteration

The procedures in this section are iteration tools based on the idea of a template. This is a generalization of an instruction list or an expression list in which slots are provided for the tool to insert varying data. Four different forms of template can be used.

The most commonly used form for a template is ‘explicit-slot’ form, or ‘question mark’ form. Example: 

? show map [? * ?] [2 3 4 5]
[4 9 16 25]
?

In this example, the MAP tool evaluated the template [? * ?] repeatedly, with each of the members of the data list [2 3 4 5] substituted in turn for the question marks. The same value was used for every question mark in a given evaluation. Some tools allow for more than one datum to be substituted in parallel; in these cases the slots are indicated by ?1 for the first datum, ?2 for the second, and so on: 

? show (map [(word ?1 ?2 ?1)] [a b c] [d e f])
[ada beb cfc]
?

If the template wishes to compute the datum number, the form (? 1) is equivalent to ?1, so (? ?1) means the datum whose number is given in datum number 1. Some tools allow additional slot designations, as shown in the individual descriptions.

The second form of template is the ‘named-procedure’ form. If the template is a word rather than a list, it is taken as the name of a procedure. That procedure must accept a number of inputs equal to the number of parallel data slots provided by the tool; the procedure is applied to all of the available data in order. That is, if data ?1 through ?3 are available, the template "PROC is equivalent to [PROC ?1 ?2 ?3]. 

? show (map "word [a b c] [d e f])
[ad be cf]
?

to dotprod :a :b	; vector dot product
op apply "sum (map "product :a :b)
end

The third form of template is ‘named-slot’ or ‘lambda’ form. This form is indicated by a template list containing more than one member, whose first member is itself a list. The first member is taken as a list of names; local variables are created with those names and given the available data in order as their values. The number of names must equal the number of available data. This form is needed primarily when one iteration tool must be used within the template list of another, and the ? notation would be ambiguous in the inner template. Example: 

to matmul :m1 :m2 [:tm2 transpose :m2]	; multiply two matrices
output map [[row] map [[col] dotprod :row :col] :tm2] :m1
end

The fourth form is ‘procedure text’ form, a variant of lambda form. In this form, the template list contains at least two members, all of which are lists. This is the form used by the DEFINE and TEXT primitives, and APPLY accepts it so that the text of a defined procedure can be used as a template.

Note: The fourth form of template is interpreted differently from the others, in that Logo considers it to be an independent defined procedure for the purposes of OUTPUT and STOP. For example, the following two instructions are identical: 

? print apply [[x] :x+3] [5]
8
? print apply [[x] [output :x+3]] [5]
8

although the first instruction is in named-slot form and the second is in procedure-text form. The named-slot form can be understood as telling Logo to evaluate the expression :x+3 in place of the entire invocation of apply, with the variable x temporarily given the value 5. The procedure-text form can be understood as invoking the procedure 

to foo :x
output :x+3
end

with input 5, but without actually giving the procedure a name. If the use of OUTPUT were interchanged in these two examples, we’d get errors: 

? print apply [[x] output :x+3] [5]
Can only use output inside a procedure
? print apply [[x] [:x+3]] [5]
You don't say what to do with 8

The named-slot form can be used with STOP or OUTPUT inside a procedure, to stop the enclosing procedure.

The following iteration tools are extended versions of the ones in Appendix B of the book Computer Science Logo Style, Volume 3: Advanced Topics by Brian Harvey [MIT Press, 1987]. The extensions are primarily to allow for variable numbers of inputs.

apply  
invoke  
foreach  
map  
map.se   MAP.SE
filter  
find  
reduce  
crossmap  
cascade  
cascade.2   CASCADE.2
transfer  
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apply

APPLY template inputlist

command or operation. Runs the template, filling its slots with the members of inputlist. The number of members in inputlist must be an acceptable number of slots for template. It is illegal to apply the primitive TO as a template, but anything else is okay. APPLY outputs what template outputs, if anything.

See section to .

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invoke

INVOKE template input				(library procedure)
(INVOKE template input1 input2 ...)

command or operation. Exactly like APPLY except that the inputs are provided as separate expressions rather than in a list.

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foreach

FOREACH data template				(library procedure)
(FOREACH data1 data2 ... template)

command. Evaluates the template list repeatedly, once for each member of the data list. If more than one data list are given, each of them must be the same length. (The data inputs can be words, in which case the template is evaluated once for each character.)

In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc.

In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2.

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map

MAP template data				(library procedure)
(MAP template data1 data2 ...)

outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the data input, of the same length as that data input. (If more than one data input are given, the output is of the same type as data1.) Each member of the output is the result of evaluating the template list, filling the slots with the corresponding member(s) of the data input(s). (All data inputs must be the same length.) In the case of a word output, the results of the template evaluation must be words, and they are concatenated with WORD.

In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc.

In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2.

See section word .

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map.se

MAP.SE template data				(library procedure)
(MAP.SE template data1 data2 ...)

outputs a list formed by evaluating the template list repeatedly and concatenating the results using SENTENCE. That is, the members of the output are the members of the results of the evaluations. The output list might, therefore, be of a different length from that of the data input(s). (If the result of an evaluation is the empty list, it contributes nothing to the final output.) The data inputs may be words or lists.

In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E]. If multiple parallel slots are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc.

In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2.

See section sentence .

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filter

FILTER tftemplate data				(library procedure)

outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the data input, containing a subset of the members (for a list) or characters (for a word) of the input. The template is evaluated once for each member or character of the data, and it must produce a TRUE or FALSE value. If the value is TRUE, then the corresponding input constituent is included in the output. 

? print filter "vowelp "elephant 
eea 
?

In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E].

In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2.

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find

FIND tftemplate data				(library procedure)

outputs the first constituent of the data input (the first member of a list, or the first character of a word) for which the value produced by evaluating the template with that consituent in its slot is TRUE. If there is no such constituent, the empty list is output.

In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the data input to the right of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then ?REST would be replaced by [C D E].

In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler. That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced by 2.

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reduce

REDUCE template data				(library procedure)

outputs the result of applying the template to accumulate the members of the data input. The template must be a two-slot function. Typically it is an associative function name like SUM. If the data input has only one constituent (member in a list or character in a word), the output is that consituent. Otherwise, the template is first applied with ?1 filled with the next-to-last consitient and ?2 with the last constituent. Then, if there are more constituents, the template is applied with ?1 filled with the next constituent to the left and ?2 with the result from the previous evaluation. This process continues until all constituents have been used. The data input may not be empty.

Note: If the template is, like SUM, the name of a procedure that is capable of accepting arbitrarily many inputs, it is more efficient to use APPLY instead of REDUCE. The latter is good for associative procedures that have been written to accept exactly two inputs: 

to max :a :b
output ifelse :a > :b [:a] [:b]
end

print reduce "max [...]

Alternatively, REDUCE can be used to write MAX as a procedure that accepts any number of inputs, as SUM does: 

to max [:inputs] 2
if emptyp :inputs ~
   [(throw "error [not enough inputs to max])]
output reduce [ifelse ?1 > ?2 [?1] [?2]] :inputs
end

See section sum , apply .

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crossmap

CROSSMAP template listlist			(library procedure)
(CROSSMAP template data1 data2 ...)

outputs a list containing the results of template evaluations. Each data list contributes to a slot in the template; the number of slots is equal to the number of data list inputs. As a special case, if only one data list input is given, that list is taken as a list of data lists, and each of its members contributes values to a slot. CROSSMAP differs from MAP in that instead of taking members from the data inputs in parallel, it takes all possible combinations of members of data inputs, which need not be the same length. 

? show (crossmap [word ?1 ?2] [a b c] [1 2 3 4])
[a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 c1 c2 c3 c4]
?

For compatibility with the version in the first edition of CSLS (1), CROSSMAP templates may use the notation :1 instead of ?1 to indicate slots.

See section map .

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cascade

CASCADE endtest template startvalue		(library procedure)
(CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ...)
(CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ... finaltemplate)

outputs the result of applying a template (or several templates, as explained below) repeatedly, with a given value filling the slot the first time, and the result of each application filling the slot for the following application.

In the simplest case, CASCADE has three inputs. The second input is a one-slot expression template. That template is evaluated some number of times (perhaps zero). On the first evaluation, the slot is filled with the third input; on subsequent evaluations, the slot is filled with the result of the previous evaluation. The number of evaluations is determined by the first input. This can be either a nonnegative integer, in which case the template is evaluated that many times, or a predicate expression template, in which case it is evaluated (with the same slot filler that will be used for the evaluation of the second input) repeatedly, and the CASCADE evaluation continues as long as the predicate value is FALSE. (In other words, the predicate template indicates the condition for stopping.)

If the template is evaluated zero times, the output from CASCADE is the third (startvalue) input. Otherwise, the output is the value produced by the last template evaluation.

CASCADE templates may include the symbol # to represent the number of times the template has been evaluated. This slot is filled with 1 for the first evaluation, 2 for the second, and so on. 

? show cascade 5 [lput # ?] []
[1 2 3 4 5]
? show cascade [vowelp first ?] [bf ?] "spring
ing
? show cascade 5 [# * ?] 1
120
?

Several cascaded results can be computed in parallel by providing additional template-startvalue pairs as inputs to CASCADE. In this case, all templates (including the endtest template, if used) are multi-slot, with the number of slots equal to the number of pairs of inputs. In each round of evaluations, ?2, for example, represents the result of evaluating the second template in the previous round. If the total number of inputs (including the first endtest input) is odd, then the output from CASCADE is the final value of the first template. If the total number of inputs is even, then the last input is a template that is evaluated once, after the end test is satisfied, to determine the output from CASCADE. 

to fibonacci :n
output (cascade :n [?1 + ?2] 1 [?1] 0)
end

to piglatin :word
output (cascade [vowelp first ?] ~
                [word bf ? first ?] ~
                :word ~
                [word ? "ay])
end
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cascade.2

CASCADE.2 endtest temp1 startval1 temp2 startval2  (library procedure)

outputs the result of invoking CASCADE with the same inputs. The only difference is that the default number of inputs is five instead of three.

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transfer

TRANSFER endtest template inbasket		(library procedure)

outputs the result of repeated evaluation of the template. The template is evaluated once for each member of the list inbasket. TRANSFER maintains an outbasket that is initially the empty list. After each evaluation of the template, the resulting value becomes the new outbasket.

In the template, the symbol ?IN represents the current member from the inbasket; the symbol ?OUT represents the entire current outbasket. Other slot symbols should not be used.

If the first (endtest) input is an empty list, evaluation continues until all inbasket members have been used. If not, the first input must be a predicate expression template, and evaluation continues until either that template’s value is TRUE or the inbasket is used up.

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This document was generated on December 27, 2019 using texi2html 5.0.

ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_7.html0000664000175000017500000054434013601426471016314 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 7 Workspace Management
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7 Workspace Management

7.1 Procedure Definition  
7.2 Variable Definition  
7.3 Property Lists  
7.4 Workspace Predicates  
7.5 Workspace Queries  
7.6 Workspace Inspection  
7.7 Workspace Control  
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7.1 Procedure Definition

to  
define  
text  
fulltext  
copydef  
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to

TO procname :input1 :input2 ...			(special form)

command. Prepares Logo to accept a procedure definition. The procedure will be named procname and there must not already be a procedure by that name. The inputs will be called input1 etc. Any number of inputs are allowed, including none. Names of procedures and inputs are case-insensitive.

Unlike every other Logo procedure, TO takes as its inputs the actual words typed in the instruction line, as if they were all quoted, rather than the results of evaluating expressions to provide the inputs. (That’s what special form means.)

This version of Logo allows variable numbers of inputs to a procedure. After the procedure name come four kinds of things, in this order: 

    1.   0 or more REQUIRED inputs    :FOO :FROBOZZ
    2.   0 or more OPTIONAL inputs    [:BAZ 87] [:THINGO 5+9]
    3.   0 or 1 REST input            [:GARPLY]
    4.   0 or 1 DEFAULT number        5

Every procedure has a minimum, default, and maximum number of inputs. (The latter can be infinite.)

The minimum number of inputs is the number of required inputs, which must come first. A required input is indicated by the 

:inputname

notation.

After all the required inputs can be zero or more optional inputs, each of which is represented by the following notation: 

[:inputname default.value.expression]

When the procedure is invoked, if actual inputs are not supplied for these optional inputs, the default value expressions are evaluated to set values for the corresponding input names. The inputs are processed from left to right, so a default value expression can be based on earlier inputs. Example: 

to proc :inlist [:startvalue first :inlist]

If the procedure is invoked by saying 

proc [a b c]

then the variable inlist will have the value [A B C] and the variable startvalue will have the value A. If the procedure is invoked by saying 

(proc [a b c] "x)

then inlist will have the value [A B C] and startvalue will have the value X.

After all the required and optional input can come a single rest input, represented by the following notation: 

[:inputname]

This is a rest input rather than an optional input because there is no default value expression. There can be at most one rest input. When the procedure is invoked, the value of this inputname will be a list containing all of the actual inputs provided that were not used for required or optional inputs. Example: 

to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3 "baz] [:in4]

If this procedure is invoked by saying 

proc "x

then in1 has the value X, in2 has the value FOO, in3 has the value BAZ, and in4 has the value [] (the empty list). If it’s invoked by saying 

(proc "a "b "c "d "e)

then in1 has the value A, in2 has the value B, in3 has the value C, and in4 has the value [D E].

The maximum number of inputs for a procedure is infinite if a rest input is given; otherwise, it is the number of required inputs plus the number of optional inputs.

The default number of inputs for a procedure, which is the number of inputs that it will accept if its invocation is not enclosed in parentheses, is ordinarily equal to the minimum number. If you want a different default number you can indicate that by putting the desired default number as the last thing on the TO line. example: 

to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3] 3

This procedure has a minimum of one input, a default of three inputs, and an infinite maximum.

Logo responds to the TO command by entering procedure definition mode. The prompt character changes from ? to > and whatever instructions you type become part of the definition until you type a line containing only the word END.

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define

DEFINE procname text

command. Defines a procedure with name procname and text text. If there is already a procedure with the same name, the new definition replaces the old one. The text input must be a list whose members are lists. The first member is a list of inputs; it looks like a TO line but without the word TO, without the procedure name, and without the colons before input names. In other words, the members of this first sublist are words for the names of required inputs and lists for the names of optional or rest inputs. The remaining sublists of the text input make up the body of the procedure, with one sublist for each instruction line of the body. (There is no END line in the text input.) It is an error to redefine a primitive procedure unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE.

See section redefp .

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text

TEXT procname

outputs the text of the procedure named procname in the form expected by DEFINE: a list of lists, the first of which describes the inputs to the procedure and the rest of which are the lines of its body. The text does not reflect formatting information used when the procedure was defined, such as continuation lines and extra spaces.

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fulltext

FULLTEXT procname

outputs a representation of the procedure procname in which formatting information is preserved. If the procedure was defined with TO, EDIT, or LOAD, then the output is a list of words. Each word represents one entire line of the definition in the form output by READWORD, including extra spaces and continuation lines. The last member of the output represents the END line. If the procedure was defined with DEFINE, then the output is a list of lists. If these lists are printed, one per line, the result will look like a definition using TO. Note: the output from FULLTEXT is not suitable for use as input to DEFINE!

See section to , edit , load , define .

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copydef

COPYDEF newname oldname

command. Makes newname a procedure identical to oldname. The latter may be a primitive. If newname was already defined, its previous definition is lost. If newname was already a primitive, the redefinition is not permitted unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE.

Note: dialects of Logo differ as to the order of inputs to COPYDEF. This dialect uses "MAKE order," not "NAME order."

See section redefp , save , po , pot .

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7.2 Variable Definition

make  
name  
local  
localmake  
thing  
global  
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make

MAKE varname value

command. Assigns the value value to the variable named varname, which must be a word. Variable names are case-insensitive. If a variable with the same name already exists, the value of that variable is changed. If not, a new global variable is created.

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name

NAME value varname				(library procedure)

command. Same as MAKE but with the inputs in reverse order.

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local

LOCAL varname
LOCAL varnamelist
(LOCAL varname1 varname2 ...)

command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The variables are local to the currently running procedure. Logo variables follow dynamic scope rules; a variable that is local to a procedure is available to any subprocedure invoked by that procedure. The variables created by LOCAL have no initial value; they must be assigned a value (e.g., with MAKE) before the procedure attempts to read their value.

See section make .

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localmake

LOCALMAKE varname value				(library procedure)

command. Makes the named variable local, like LOCAL, and assigns it the given value, like MAKE.

See section local , See section make .

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thing

THING varname
:quoted.varname

outputs the value of the variable whose name is the input. If there is more than one such variable, the innermost local variable of that name is chosen. The colon notation is an abbreviation not for THING but for the combination 

thing "

so that :FOO means THING "FOO.

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global

GLOBAL varname
GLOBAL varnamelist
(GLOBAL varname1 varname2 ...)

command. Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of words. A global variable is created for each of these words, with that word as its name. The only reason this is necessary is that you might want to use the "setter" notation SETXYZ for a variable XYZ that does not already have a value; GLOBAL "XYZ makes that legal. Note: If there is currently a local variable of the same name, this command does *not* make Logo use the global value instead of the local one.

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7.3 Property Lists

Note: Names of property lists are always case-insensitive. Names of individual properties are case-sensitive or case-insensitive depending on the value of CASEIGNOREDP, which is TRUE by default.

See section caseignoredp .

In principle, every possible name is the name of a property list, which is initially empty. So Logo never gives a "no such property list" error, as it would for undefined procedure or variable names. But the primitive procedures that deal with "all" property lists (CONTENTS, PLISTS, etc.) list only nonempty ones. To "erase" a property list erase means to make it empty, removing all properties from it.

pprop  
gprop  
remprop  
plist  
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pprop

PPROP plistname propname value

command. Adds a property to the plistname property list with name propname and value value.

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gprop

GPROP plistname propname

outputs the value of the propname property in the plistname property list, or the empty list if there is no such property.

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remprop

REMPROP plistname propname

command. Removes the property named propname from the property list named plistname.

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plist

PLIST plistname

outputs a list whose odd-numbered members are the names, and whose even-numbered members are the values, of the properties in the property list named plistname. The output is a copy of the actual property list; changing properties later will not magically change a list output earlier by PLIST.

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7.4 Workspace Predicates

procedurep  
primitivep  
definedp  
namep  
plistp  
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procedurep

PROCEDUREP name
PROCEDURE? name

outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a procedure.

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primitivep

PRIMITIVEP name
PRIMITIVE? name

outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a primitive procedure (one built into Logo). Note that some of the procedures described in this document are library procedures, not primitives.

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definedp

DEFINEDP name
DEFINED? name

outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a user-defined procedure, including a library procedure.

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namep

NAMEP name
NAME? name

outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a variable.

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plistp

PLISTP name
PLIST? name

outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a nonempty property list. (In principle every word is the name of a property list; if you haven’t put any properties in it, PLIST of that name outputs an empty list, rather than giving an error message.)

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7.5 Workspace Queries

contents  
buried  
traced  
stepped  
procedures  
primitives  
names  
plists  
namelist  
pllist  
arity  
nodes  

Note: All procedures whose input is indicated as contentslist will accept a single word (taken as a procedure name), a list of words (taken as names of procedures), or a list of three lists as described under the CONTENTS command above.

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contents

CONTENTS

outputs a "contents list," i.e., a list of three lists containing names of defined procedures, variables, and property lists respectively. This list includes all unburied named items in the workspace.

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buried

BURIED

outputs a contents list including all buried named items in the workspace.

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traced

TRACED

outputs a contents list including all traced named items in the workspace.

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stepped

STEPPED

outputs a contents list including all stepped named items in the workspace.

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procedures

PROCEDURES

outputs a list of the names of all unburied user-defined procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.)

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primitives

PRIMITIVES

outputs a list of the names of all primitive procedures in the workspace. Note that this is a list of names, not a contents list. (However, procedures that require a contents list as input will accept this list.)

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names

NAMES

outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list (indicating no procedure names) followed by a list of all unburied variable names in the workspace.

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plists

PLISTS

outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists (indicating no procedures or variables) followed by a list of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace.

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namelist

NAMELIST varname				(library procedure)
NAMELIST varnamelist

outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input.

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pllist

PLLIST plname					(library procedure)
PLLIST plnamelist

outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists followed by a list of the name or names given as input. This is useful in conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents list as input.

See section contents .

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arity

ARITY procedurename

outputs a list of three numbers: the minimum, default, and maximum number of inputs for the procedure whose name is the input. It is an error if there is no such procedure. A maximum of -1 means that the number of inputs is unlimited.

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nodes

NODES

outputs a list of two numbers. The first represents the number of nodes of memory currently in use. The second shows the maximum number of nodes that have been in use at any time since the last invocation of NODES. (A node is a small block of computer memory as used by Logo. Each number uses one node. Each non-numeric word uses one node, plus some non-node memory for the characters in the word. Each array takes one node, plus some non-node memory, as well as the memory required by its elements. Each list requires one node per element, as well as the memory within the elements.) If you want to track the memory use of an algorithm, it is best if you invoke GC at the beginning of each iteration, since otherwise the maximum will include storage that is unused but not yet collected.

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7.6 Workspace Inspection

po  
poall  
pops  
pons  
popls  
pon  
popl  
pot  
pots  
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po

PRINTOUT contentslist
PO contentslist

command. Prints to the write stream the definitions of all procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input contents list.

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poall

POALL						(library procedure)

command. Prints all unburied definitions in the workspace. Abbreviates PO CONTENTS.

See section contents .

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pops

POPS						(library procedure)

command. Prints the definitions of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates PO PROCEDURES.

See section po , procedures .

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pons

PONS						(library procedure)

command. Prints the definitions of all unburied variables in the workspace. Abbreviates PO NAMES.

See section po , names .

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popls

POPLS						(library procedure)

command. Prints the contents of all unburied nonempty property lists in the workspace. Abbreviates PO PLISTS.

See section po , plists .

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pon

PON varname					(library procedure)
PON varnamelist

command. Prints the definitions of the named variable(s).
Abbreviates PO NAMELIST varname(list).

See section po , namelist .

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popl

POPL plname					(library procedure)
POPL plnamelist

command. Prints the definitions of the named property list(s).
Abbreviates PO PLLIST plname(list).

See section po , pllist .

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pot

POT contentslist

command. Prints the title lines of the named procedures and the definitions of the named variables and property lists. For property lists, the entire list is shown on one line instead of as a series of PPROP instructions as in PO.

See section pprop , po .

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pots

POTS						(library procedure)

command. Prints the title lines of all unburied procedures in the workspace. Abbreviates POT PROCEDURES.

See section procedures .

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7.7 Workspace Control

erase  
erall  
erps  
erns  
erpls  
ern  
erpl  
bury  
buryall  
buryname  
unbury  
unburyall  
unburyname  
buriedp  
trace  
untrace  
tracedp  
step  
unstep  
steppedp  
edit  
editfile  
edall  
edps  
edns  
edpls  
edn  
edpl  
save  
savel  
load  
cslsload  
help  
seteditor  
setlibloc  
sethelploc  
setcslsloc  
settemploc  
gc  
.setsegmentsize  
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erase

ERASE contentslist
ER contentslist

command. Erases from the workspace the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. Primitive procedures may not be erased unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE.

See section redefp .

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erall

ERALL

command. Erases all unburied procedures, variables, and property lists from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE CONTENTS.

See section contents .

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erps

ERPS

command. Erases all unburied procedures from the workspace.
Abbreviates ERASE PROCEDURES.

See section erase , procedures .

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erns

ERNS

command. Erases all unburied variables from the workspace. Abbreviates ERASE NAMES.

See section erase , names .

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erpls

ERPLS

command. Erases all unburied property lists from the workspace.
Abbreviates ERASE PLISTS.

See section erase , plists .

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ern

ERN varname					(library procedure)
ERN varnamelist

command. Erases from the workspace the variable(s) named in the input. Abbreviates ERASE NAMELIST varname(list).

See section erase , namelist .

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erpl

ERPL plname					(library procedure)
ERPL plnamelist

command. Erases from the workspace the property list(s) named in the input. Abbreviates ERASE PLLIST plname(list).

See section erase , pllist .

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bury

BURY contentslist

command. Buries the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. A buried item is not included in the lists output by CONTENTS, PROCEDURES, VARIABLES, and PLISTS, but is included in the list output by BURIED. By implication, buried things are not printed by POALL or saved by SAVE.

See section contents , procedures , pons , plists , poall , save .

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buryall

BURYALL                                         (library procedure)

command. Abbreviates BURY CONTENTS.

See section contents .

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buryname

BURYNAME varname				(library procedure)
BURYNAME varnamelist

command. Abbreviates BURY NAMELIST varname(list).

See section bury , namelist .

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unbury

UNBURY contentslist

command. Unburies the procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input. That is, the named items will be returned to view in CONTENTS, etc.

See section contents .

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unburyall

UNBURYALL					(library procedure)

command. Abbreviates UNBURY BURIED.

See section buried .

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unburyname

UNBURYNAME varname				(library procedure)
UNBURYNAME varnamelist

command. Abbreviates UNBURY NAMELIST varname(list).

See section unbury , namelist .

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buriedp

BURIEDP contentslist
BURIED? contentslist

outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is buried, FALSE if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can BURIEDP [[] [variable]] or BURIEDP [[] [] [proplist]].

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trace

TRACE contentslist

command. Marks the named items for tracing. A message is printed whenever a traced procedure is invoked, giving the actual input values, and whenever a traced procedure STOPs or OUTPUTs. A message is printed whenever a new value is assigned to a traced variable using MAKE. A message is printed whenever a new property is given to a traced property list using PPROP.

See section stop , output , make , pprop .

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untrace

UNTRACE contentslist

command. Turns off tracing for the named items.

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tracedp

TRACEDP contentslist
TRACED? contentslist

outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is traced, FALSE if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can TRACEDP [[] [variable]] or TRACEDP [[] [] [proplist]].

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step

STEP contentslist

command. Marks the named items for stepping. Whenever a stepped procedure is invoked, each instruction line in the procedure body is printed before being executed, and Logo waits for the user to type a newline at the terminal. A message is printed whenever a stepped variable name is shadowed because a local variable of the same name is created either as a procedure input or by the LOCAL command.

See section local .

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unstep

UNSTEP contentslist

command. Turns off stepping for the named items.

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steppedp

STEPPEDP contentslist
STEPPED? contentslist

outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named in the contents list is stepped, FALSE if not. Only the first thing in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can STEPPEDP [[] [variable]] or STEPPEDP [[] [] [proplist]].

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edit

EDIT contentslist
ED contentslist
(EDIT)
(ED)

command. If invoked with an input, EDIT writes the definitions of the named items into a temporary file and edits that file, using an editor that depends on the platform you’re using. In wxWidgets, and in the MacOS Classic version, there is an editor built into Logo. In the non-wxWidgets versions for Unix, MacOS X, Windows, and DOS, Logo uses your favorite editor as determined by the EDITOR environment variable. If you don’t have an EDITOR variable, edits the definitions using jove. If invoked without an input, EDIT edits the same file left over from a previous EDIT or EDITFILE instruction. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised definitions and modifies the workspace accordingly. It is not an error if the input includes names for which there is no previous definition.

If there is a variable LOADNOISILY whose value is TRUE, then, after leaving the editor, TO commands in the temporary file print ‘procname defined’ (where procname is the name of the procedure being defined); if LOADNOISILY is FALSE or undefined, TO commands in the file are carried out silently.

If there is an environment variable called TEMP, then Logo uses its value as the directory in which to write the temporary file used for editing.

Exceptionally, the EDIT command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line.

See section loadnoisily , See section editfile .

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editfile

EDITFILE filename

command. Starts the Logo editor, like EDIT, but instead of editing a temporary file it edits the file specified by the input. When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised file, as for EDIT. EDITFILE also remembers the filename, so that a subsequent EDIT command with no input will re-edit the same file.

EDITFILE is intended as an alternative to LOAD and SAVE. You can maintain a workspace file yourself, controlling the order in which definitions appear, maintaining comments in the file, and so on.

In the wxWidgets version, EDITFILE asks whether or not you want to load the file into Logo when you finish editing. This allows you to use EDITFILE to edit data files without leaving Logo.

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edall

EDALL						(library procedure)

command. Abbreviates EDIT CONTENTS.

See section contents .

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edps

EDPS						(library procedure)

command. Abbreviates EDIT PROCEDURES.

See section edit , procedures .

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edns

EDNS						(library procedure)

command. Abbreviates EDIT NAMES.

See section edit , names .

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edpls

EDPLS						(library procedure)

command. Abbreviates EDIT PLISTS.

See section edit , plists .

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edn

EDN varname					(library procedure)
EDN varnamelist

command. Abbreviates EDIT NAMELIST varname(list).

See section edit , namelist .

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edpl

EDPL plname					(library procedure)
EDPL plnamelist

command. Abbreviates EDIT PLLIST plname(list).

See section edit , pllist .

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save

SAVE filename

command. Saves the definitions of all unburied procedures, variables, and nonempty property lists in the named file. Equivalent to 

to save :filename
local "oldwriter
make "oldwriter writer
openwrite :filename
setwrite :filename
poall
setwrite :oldwriter
close :filename
end

Exceptionally, SAVE can be used with no input and without parentheses if it is the last thing on the command line. In this case, the filename from the most recent LOAD or SAVE command will be used. (It is an error if there has been no previous LOAD or SAVE.)

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savel

SAVEL contentslist filename			(library procedure)

command. Saves the definitions of the procedures, variables, and property lists specified by contentslist to the file named filename.

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load

LOAD filename

command. Reads instructions from the named file and executes them. The file can include procedure definitions with TO, and these are accepted even if a procedure by the same name already exists. If the file assigns a list value to a variable named STARTUP, then that list is run as an instructionlist after the file is loaded. If there is a variable LOADNOISILY whose value is TRUE, then TO commands in the file print ‘procname defined’ (where procname is the name of the procedure being defined); if LOADNOISILY is FALSE or undefined, TO commands in the file are carried out silently.

See section startup , See section loadnoisily .

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cslsload

CSLSLOAD name

command. Loads the named file, like LOAD, but from the directory containing the Computer Science Logo Style programs instead of the current user’s directory.

See section load .

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help

HELP name
(HELP)

command. Prints information from the reference manual about the primitive procedure named by the input. With no input, lists all the primitives about which help is available. If there is an environment variable LOGOHELP, then its value is taken as the directory in which to look for help files, instead of the default help directory.

If HELP is called with the name of a defined procedure for which there is no help file, it will print the title line of the procedure followed by lines from the procedure body that start with semicolon, stopping when a non-semicolon line is seen.

Exceptionally, the HELP command can be used without its default input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on the instruction line.

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seteditor

SETEDITOR path

command. Tells Logo to use the specified program as its editor instead of the default editor. The format of a path depends on your operating system.

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setlibloc

SETLIBLOC path

command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory as its library instead of the default. (Note that many Logo "primitive" procedures are actually found in the library, so they may become unavailable if your new library does not include them!) The format of a path depends on your operating system.

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setcslsloc

SETCSLSLOC path

command. Tells Logo to use the specified directory for the CSLSLOAD command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system.

See section cslsload .

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sethelploc

SETHELPLOC path

command. Tells Logo to look in the specified directory for the information provided by the HELP command, instead of the default directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system.

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settemploc

SETTEMPLOC path

command. Tells Logo to write editor temporary files in the specified directory rather than in the default directory. You must have write permission for this directory. The format of a path depends on your operating system.

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gc

GC
(GC anything)

command. Runs the garbage collector, reclaiming unused nodes. Logo does this when necessary anyway, but you may want to use this command to control exactly when Logo does it. In particular, the numbers output by the NODES operation will not be very meaningful unless garbage has been collected. Another reason to use GC is that a garbage collection takes a noticeable fraction of a second, and you may want to schedule collections for times before or after some time-critical animation. If invoked with an argument (of any value), GC runs a full garbage collection, including GCTWA (Garbage Collect Truly Worthless Atoms, which means that it removes from Logo’s memory words that used to be procedure or variable names but aren’t any more); without an argument, GC does a generational garbage collection, which means that only recently created nodes are examined. (The latter is usually good enough.)

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.setsegmentsize

.SETSEGMENTSIZE num

command. Sets the number of nodes that Logo allocates from the operating system at once to num, which must be a positive integer. The name is dotted because bad things will happen if you use a number that’s too small or too large for your computer. The initial value is 16,000 for most systems, but is smaller for 68000-based Macs. Making it larger will speed up computations (by reducing the number of garbage collections) at the cost of allocating more memory than necessary.

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This document was generated on December 27, 2019 using texi2html 5.0.

ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_6.html0000664000175000017500000042354313601426471016314 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 6 Graphics
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6 Graphics

Berkeley Logo provides traditional Logo turtle graphics with one turtle. Multiple turtles, dynamic turtles, and collision detection are not supported. This is the most hardware-dependent part of Logo; some features may exist on some machines but not others. Nevertheless, the goal has been to make Logo programs as portable as possible, rather than to take fullest advantage of the capabilities of each machine. In particular, Logo attempts to scale the screen so that turtle coordinates [–100 –100] and [100 100] fit on the graphics window, and so that the aspect ratio is 1:1.

The center of the graphics window (which may or may not be the entire screen, depending on the machine used) is turtle location [0 0]. Positive X is to the right; positive Y is up. Headings (angles) are measured in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis. (This differs from the common mathematical convention of measuring angles counterclockwise from the positive X axis.) The turtle is represented as an isoceles triangle; the actual turtle position is at the midpoint of the base (the short side). However, the turtle is drawn one step behind its actual position, so that the display of the base of the turtle’s triangle does not obscure a line drawn perpendicular to it (as would happen after drawing a square).

Colors are, of course, hardware-dependent. However, Logo provides partial hardware independence by interpreting color numbers 0 through 7 uniformly on all computers: 

0  black        1  blue         2  green        3  cyan
4  red          5  magenta      6  yellow       7 white

Where possible, Logo provides additional user-settable colors; how many are available depends on the hardware and operating system environment. If at least 16 colors are available, Logo tries to provide uniform initial settings for the colors 8-15: 

 8  brown        9  tan         10  forest      11  aqua
12  salmon      13  purple      14  orange      15  grey

Logo begins with a black background and white pen.

6.1 Turtle Motion  
6.2 Turtle Motion Queries  
6.3 Turtle and Window Control  
6.4 Turtle and Window Queries  
6.5 Pen and Background Control  
6.6 Pen Queries  
6.7 Saving and Loading Pictures  
6.8 Mouse Queries  
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6.1 Turtle Motion

forward  
back  
left  
right  
setpos  
setxy  
setx  
sety  
setheading  
home  
arc  
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forward

FORWARD dist
FD dist

moves the turtle forward, in the direction that it’s facing, by the specified distance (measured in turtle steps).

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back

BACK dist
BK dist

moves the turtle backward, i.e., exactly opposite to the direction that it’s facing, by the specified distance. (The heading of the turtle does not change.)

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left

LEFT degrees
LT degrees

turns the turtle counterclockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle).

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right

RIGHT degrees
RT degrees

turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle, measured in degrees (1/360 of a circle).

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setpos

SETPOS pos

moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The input is a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates.

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setxy

SETXY xcor ycor

moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window. The two inputs are numbers, the X and Y coordinates.

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setx

SETX xcor

moves the turtle horizontally from its old position to a new absolute horizontal coordinate. The input is the new X coordinate.

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sety

SETY ycor

moves the turtle vertically from its old position to a new absolute vertical coordinate. The input is the new Y coordinate.

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setheading

SETHEADING degrees
SETH degrees

turns the turtle to a new absolute heading. The input is a number, the heading in degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis.

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home

HOME

moves the turtle to the center of the screen. Equivalent to SETPOS [0 0] SETHEADING 0.

See section setpos , See section setheading .

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arc

ARC angle radius

draws an arc of a circle, with the turtle at the center, with the specified radius, starting at the turtle’s heading and extending clockwise through the specified angle. The turtle does not move.

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6.2 Turtle Motion Queries

pos  
xcor  
ycor  
heading  
towards  
scrunch  
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pos

POS

outputs the turtle’s current position, as a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates.

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xcor

XCOR						(library procedure)

outputs a number, the turtle’s X coordinate.

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ycor

YCOR						(library procedure)

outputs a number, the turtle’s Y coordinate.

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heading

HEADING

outputs a number, the turtle’s heading in degrees.

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towards

TOWARDS pos

outputs a number, the heading at which the turtle should be facing so that it would point from its current position to the position given as the input.

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scrunch

SCRUNCH

outputs a list containing two numbers, the X and Y scrunch factors, as used by SETSCRUNCH. (But note that SETSCRUNCH takes two numbers as inputs, not one list of numbers.)

See section setscrunch .

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6.3 Turtle and Window Control

showturtle  
hideturtle  
clean  
clearscreen  
wrap  
window  
fence  
fill  
filled  
label  
setlabelheight  
textscreen  
fullscreen  
splitscreen  
setscrunch  
refresh  
norefresh  
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showturtle

SHOWTURTLE
ST

makes the turtle visible.

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hideturtle

HIDETURTLE
HT

makes the turtle invisible. It’s a good idea to do this while you’re in the middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing substantially.

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clean

CLEAN

erases all lines that the turtle has drawn on the graphics window. The turtle’s state (position, heading, pen mode, etc.) is not changed.

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clearscreen

CLEARSCREEN
CS

erases the graphics window and sends the turtle to its initial position and heading. Like HOME and CLEAN together.

See section home .

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wrap

WRAP

tells the turtle to enter wrap mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will "wrap around" and reappear at the opposite edge of the window. The top edge wraps to the bottom edge, while the left edge wraps to the right edge. (So the window is topologically equivalent to a torus.) This is the turtle’s initial mode. Compare WINDOW and FENCE.

See section fence .

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window

WINDOW

tells the turtle to enter window mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move offscreen. The visible graphics window is considered as just part of an infinite graphics plane; the turtle can be anywhere on the plane. (If you lose the turtle, HOME will bring it back to the center of the window.) Compare WRAP and FENCE.

See section home .

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fence

FENCE

tells the turtle to enter fence mode: From now on, if the turtle is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it will move as far as it can and then stop at the edge with an "out of bounds" error message. Compare WRAP and WINDOW.

See section wrap .

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fill

FILL

fills in a region of the graphics window containing the turtle and bounded by lines that have been drawn earlier. This is not portable; it doesn’t work for all machines, and may not work exactly the same way on different machines.

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filled

FILLED color instructions

runs the instructions, remembering all points visited by turtle motion commands, starting and ending with the turtle’s initial position. Then draws (ignoring penmode) the resulting polygon, in the current pen color, filling the polygon with the given color, which can be a color number or an RGB list. The instruction list cannot include another FILLED invocation. (wxWidgets only)

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label

LABEL text

takes a word or list as input, and prints the input on the graphics window, starting at the turtle’s position.

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setlabelheight

SETLABELHEIGHT height

command (wxWidgets only). Takes a positive integer argument and tries to set the font size so that the character height (including descenders) is that many turtle steps. This will be different from the number of screen pixels if SETSCRUNCH has been used. Also, note that SETSCRUNCH changes the font size to try to preserve this height in turtle steps. Note that the query operation corresponding to this command is LABELSIZE, not LABELHEIGHT, because it tells you the width as well as the height of characters in the current font.

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textscreen

TEXTSCREEN
TS

rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the text window (the window used for interaction with Logo). The details differ among machines. Compare SPLITSCREEN and FULLSCREEN.

See section splitscreen .

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fullscreen

FULLSCREEN
FS

rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space available in the graphics window. The details differ among machines. Compare SPLITSCREEN and TEXTSCREEN.

Since there must be a text window to allow printing (including the printing of the Logo prompt), Logo automatically switches from fullscreen to splitscreen whenever anything is printed.

In the DOS version, switching from fullscreen to splitscreen loses the part of the picture that’s hidden by the text window. [This design decision follows from the scarcity of memory, so that the extra memory to remember an invisible part of a drawing seems too expensive.]

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splitscreen

SPLITSCREEN
SS

rearranges the size and position of windows to allow some room for text interaction while also keeping most of the graphics window visible. The details differ among machines. Compare TEXTSCREEN and FULLSCREEN.

See section textscreen .

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setscrunch

SETSCRUNCH xscale yscale

adjusts the aspect ratio and scaling of the graphics display. After this command is used, all further turtle motion will be adjusted by multiplying the horizontal and vertical extent of the motion by the two numbers given as inputs. For example, after the instruction SETSCRUNCH 2 1 motion at a heading of 45 degrees will move twice as far horizontally as vertically. If your squares don’t come out square, try this. (Alternatively, you can deliberately misadjust the aspect ratio to draw an ellipse.)

For all modern computers, both scale factors are initially 1. For DOS machines, the scale factors are initially set according to what the hardware claims the aspect ratio is, but the hardware sometimes lies. For DOS, the values set by SETSCRUNCH are remembered in a file (called ‘scrunch.dat’) and are automatically put into effect when a Logo session begins.

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refresh

REFRESH

(command) tells Logo to remember the turtle’s motions so that they can be used for high-resolution printing (wxWidgets) or to refresh the graphics window if it is moved, resized, or overlayed (non-wxWidgets). This is the default.

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norefresh

NOREFRESH

(command) tells Logo not to remember the turtle’s motions, which may be useful to save time and memory if your program is interactive or animated, rather than drawing a static picture you’ll want to print later (wxWidgets). In non-wxWidgets versions, using NOREFRESH may prevent Logo from restoring the graphics image after the window is moved, resized, or overlayed.

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6.4 Turtle and Window Queries

shownp  
screenmode  
turtlemode  
labelsize  
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shownp

SHOWNP
SHOWN?

outputs TRUE if the turtle is shown (visible), FALSE if the turtle is hidden. See SHOWTURTLE and HIDETURTLE.

See section showturtle , hideturtle .

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screenmode

SCREENMODE

outputs the word TEXTSCREEN, SPLITSCREEN, or FULLSCREEN depending on the current screen mode.

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turtlemode

TURTLEMODE

outputs the word WRAP, FENCE, or WINDOW depending on the current turtle mode.

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labelsize

LABELSIZE

(wxWidgets only) outputs a list of two positive integers, the width and height of characters displayed by LABEL measured in turtle steps (which will be different from screen pixels if SETSCRUNCH has been used). There is no SETLABELSIZE because the width and height of a font are not separately controllable, so the inverse of this operation is SETLABELHEIGHT, which takes just one number for the desired height.

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6.5 Pen and Background Control

The turtle carries a pen that can draw pictures. At any time the pen can be UP (in which case moving the turtle does not change what’s on the graphics screen) or DOWN (in which case the turtle leaves a trace). If the pen is down, it can operate in one of three modes: PAINT (so that it draws lines when the turtle moves), ERASE (so that it erases any lines that might have been drawn on or through that path earlier), or REVERSE (so that it inverts the status of each point along the turtle’s path).

pendown  
penup  
penpaint  
penerase  
penreverse  
setpencolor  
setpalette  
setpensize  
setpenpattern  
setpen  
setbackground  
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pendown

PENDOWN
PD

sets the pen’s position to DOWN, without changing its mode.

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penup

PENUP
PU

sets the pen’s position to UP, without changing its mode.

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penpaint

PENPAINT
PPT

sets the pen’s position to DOWN and mode to PAINT.

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penerase

PENERASE
PE

sets the pen’s position to DOWN and mode to ERASE.

See section erase .

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penreverse

PENREVERSE
PX

sets the pen’s position to DOWN and mode to REVERSE. (This may interact in system-dependent ways with use of color.)

See section reverse .

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setpencolor

SETPENCOLOR colornumber.or.rgblist
SETPC colornumber.or.rgblist

sets the pen color to the given number, which must be a nonnegative integer. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 

 0  black	 1  blue	 2  green	 3  cyan
 4  red		 5  magenta	 6  yellow	 7 white
 8  brown	 9  tan		10  forest	11  aqua
12  salmon	13  purple	14  orange	15  grey

but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command. Alternatively, sets the pen color to the given RGB values (a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color).

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setpalette

SETPALETTE colornumber rgblist

sets the actual color corresponding to a given number, if allowed by the hardware and operating system. Colornumber must be an integer greater than or equal to 8. (Logo tries to keep the first 8 colors constant.) The second input is a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color.

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setpensize

SETPENSIZE size

sets the thickness of the pen. The input is either a single positive integer or a list of two positive integers (for horizontal and vertical thickness). Some versions pay no attention to the second number, but always have a square pen.

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setpenpattern

SETPENPATTERN pattern

sets hardware-dependent pen characteristics. This command is not guaranteed compatible between implementations on different machines.

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setpen

SETPEN list					(library procedure)

sets the pen’s position, mode, thickness, and hardware-dependent characteristics according to the information in the input list, which should be taken from an earlier invocation of PEN.

See section pen .

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setbackground

SETBACKGROUND colornumber.or.rgblist
SETBG colornumber.or.rgblist

set the screen background color by slot number or RGB values. See SETPENCOLOR for details.

See section setpencolor .

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6.6 Pen Queries

pendownp  
penmode  
pencolor  
palette  
pensize  
pen  
background  
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pendownp

PENDOWNP
PENDOWN?

outputs TRUE if the pen is down, FALSE if it’s up.

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penmode

PENMODE

outputs one of the words PAINT, ERASE, or REVERSE according to the current pen mode.

See section erase , reverse .

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pencolor

PENCOLOR
PC

outputs a color number, a nonnegative integer that is associated with a particular color, or a list of RGB values if such a list was used as the most recent input to SETPENCOLOR. There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors: 

 0  black        1  blue         2  green        3  cyan
 4  red          5  magenta      6  yellow       7 white
 8  brown        9  tan         10  forest      11  aqua
12  salmon      13  purple      14  orange      15  grey

but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command.

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palette

PALETTE colornumber

outputs a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the color associated with the given number.

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pensize

PENSIZE

outputs a list of two positive integers, specifying the horizontal and vertical thickness of the turtle pen. (In some implementations, including wxWidgets, the two numbers are always equal.) 

PENPATTERN

outputs system-specific pen information.

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pen

PEN						(library procedure)

outputs a list containing the pen’s position, mode, thickness, and hardware-specific characteristics, for use by SETPEN.

See section setpen .

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background

BACKGROUND
BG

outputs the graphics background color, either as a slot number or as an RGB list, whichever way it was set. (See PENCOLOR.)

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6.7 Saving and Loading Pictures

savepict  
loadpict  
epspict  
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savepict

SAVEPICT filename

command. Writes a file with the specified name containing the state of the graphics window, including any nonstandard color palette settings, in Logo’s internal format. This picture can be restored to the screen using LOADPICT. The format is not portable between platforms, nor is it readable by other programs. epspict to export Logo graphics for other programs.

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loadpict

LOADPICT filename

command. Reads the specified file, which must have been written by a SAVEPICT command, and restores the graphics window and color palette settings to the values stored in the file. Any drawing previously on the screen is cleared.

See section savepict .

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epspict

EPSPICT filename

command. Writes a file with the specified name, containing an Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) representation of the state of the graphics window. This file can be imported into other programs that understand EPS format. Restrictions: the drawing cannot use FILL, PENERASE, or PENREVERSE; any such instructions will be ignored in the translation to Postscript form.

See section fill , See section penerase , See section penreverse .

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6.8 Mouse Queries

mousepos  
clickpos  
buttonp  
button  
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mousepos

MOUSEPOS

outputs the coordinates of the mouse, provided that it’s within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. If the mouse is outside the graphics window, then the last position within the window is returned. Exception: If a mouse button is pressed within the graphics window and held while the mouse is dragged outside the window, the mouse’s position is returned as if the window were big enough to include it.

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clickpos

CLICKPOS

outputs the coordinates that the mouse was at when a mouse button was most recently pushed, provided that that position was within the graphics window, in turtle coordinates. (wxWidgets only)

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buttonp

BUTTONP
BUTTON?

outputs TRUE if a mouse button is down and the mouse is over the graphics window. Once the button is down, BUTTONP remains true until the button is released, even if the mouse is dragged out of the graphics window.

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button

BUTTON

outputs 0 if no mouse button has been pushed inside the Logo window since the last call to BUTTON. Otherwise, it outputs an integer between 1 and 3 indicating which button was most recently pressed. Ordinarily 1 means left, 2 means right, and 3 means center, but operating systems may reconfigure these.

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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_5.html0000664000175000017500000002625013601426471016305 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 5 Logical Operations
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5 Logical Operations

and  
or  
not  
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and

AND tf1 tf2
(AND tf1 tf2 tf3 ...)

outputs TRUE if all inputs are TRUE, otherwise FALSE. All inputs must be TRUE or FALSE. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of CASEIGNOREDP. That is, true or True or TRUE are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE or FALSE value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a FALSE value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: 

MAKE "RESULT AND [NOT (:X = 0)] [(1 / :X) > .5]

to avoid the division by zero if the first part is false.

See section caseignoredp .

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or

OR tf1 tf2
(OR tf1 tf2 tf3 ...)

outputs TRUE if any input is TRUE, otherwise FALSE. All inputs must be TRUE or FALSE. (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless of the value of CASEIGNOREDP. That is, true or True or TRUE are all the same.) An input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE or FALSE value. List expressions are evaluated from left to right; as soon as a TRUE value is found, the remaining inputs are not examined. Example: 

IF OR :X=0 [some.long.computation] [...]

to avoid the long computation if the first condition is met.

See section caseignoredp .

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not

NOT tf

outputs TRUE if the input is FALSE, and vice versa. The input can be a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE or FALSE value.

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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_4.html0000664000175000017500000022670213601426471016310 0ustar jjcjjc BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 4 Arithmetic
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4 Arithmetic

4.1 Numeric Operations  
4.2 Numeric Predicates  
4.3 Random Numbers  
4.4 Print Formatting  
4.5 Bitwise Operations  
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4.1 Numeric Operations

sum  
difference  
minus  
product  
quotient  
remainder  
modulo  
int  
round  
sqrt  
power  
exp  
log10  
ln  
sin  
radsin  
cos  
radcos  
arctan  
radarctan  
iseq  
rseq  
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sum

SUM num1 num2
(SUM num1 num2 num3 ...)
num1 + num2

outputs the sum of its inputs.

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difference

DIFFERENCE num1 num2
num1 - num2

outputs the difference of its inputs. Minus sign means infix difference in ambiguous contexts (when preceded by a complete expression), unless it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. (See also MINUS.)

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minus

MINUS num
- num

outputs the negative of its input. Minus sign means unary minus if the previous token is an infix operator or open parenthesis, or it is preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace. There is a difference in binding strength between the two forms: 

MINUS 3 + 4     means   -(3+4)
- 3 + 4         means   (-3)+4
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product

PRODUCT num1 num2
(PRODUCT num1 num2 num3 ...)
num1 * num2

outputs the product of its inputs.

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quotient

QUOTIENT num1 num2
(QUOTIENT num)
num1 / num2

outputs the quotient of its inputs. The quotient of two integers is an integer if and only if the dividend is a multiple of the divisor. (In other words, QUOTIENT 5 2 is 2.5, not 2, but QUOTIENT 4 2 is 2, not 2.0 — it does the right thing.) With a single input, QUOTIENT outputs the reciprocal of the input.

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remainder

REMAINDER num1 num2

outputs the remainder on dividing num1 by num2; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as num1.

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modulo

MODULO num1 num2

outputs the remainder on dividing num1 by num2; both must be integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as num2.

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int

INT num

outputs its input with fractional part removed, i.e., an integer with the same sign as the input, whose absolute value is the largest integer less than or equal to the absolute value of the input.

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round

ROUND num

outputs the nearest integer to the input.

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sqrt

SQRT num

outputs the square root of the input, which must be nonnegative.

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power

POWER num1 num2

outputs num1 to the num2 power. If num1 is negative, then num2 must be an integer.

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exp

EXP num

outputs e (2.718281828+) to the input power.

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log10

LOG10 num

outputs the common logarithm of the input.

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ln

LN num

outputs the natural logarithm of the input.

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sin

SIN degrees

outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in degrees.

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radsin

RADSIN radians

outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in radians.

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cos

COS degrees

outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in degrees.

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radcos

RADCOS radians

outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in radians.

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arctan

ARCTAN num
(ARCTAN x y)

outputs the arctangent, in degrees, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or 90 or –90 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero.

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radarctan

RADARCTAN num
(RADARCTAN x y)

outputs the arctangent, in radians, of its input. With two inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or pi/2 or –pi/2 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero.

The expression 2*(RADARCTAN 0 1) can be used to get the value of pi.

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iseq

ISEQ from to					(library procedure)

outputs a list of the integers from from to to, inclusive. 

? show iseq 3 7
[3 4 5 6 7]
? show iseq 7 3
[7 6 5 4 3]
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rseq

RSEQ from to count				(library procedure)

outputs a list of count equally spaced rational numbers between from and to, inclusive. 

? show rseq 3 5 9 
[3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5] 
? show rseq 3 5 5
[3 3.5 4 4.5 5]
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4.2 Numeric Predicates

lessp  
greaterp  
lessequalp  
greaterequalp   









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lessp








LESSP num1 num2
LESS? num1 num2
num1 < num2




outputs TRUE if its first input is strictly less than its second.








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greaterp








GREATERP num1 num2
GREATER? num1 num2
num1 > num2




outputs TRUE if its first input is strictly greater than its second.








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lessequalp








LESSEQUALP num1 num2
LESSEQUAL? num1 num2
num1 <= num2




outputs TRUE if its first input is less than or equal to its second.








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greaterequalp








GREATEREQUALP num1 num2
GREATEREQUAL? num1 num2
num1 >= num2




outputs TRUE if its first input is greater than or equal to its second.









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4.3 Random Numbers





random                        



rerandom                      












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random






RANDOM num
(RANDOM start end)




with one input, outputs a random nonnegative integer less than its
input, which must be a positive integer.



With two inputs, RANDOM outputs a random integer greater than or
equal to the first input, and less than or equal to the second
input.  Both inputs must be integers, and the first must be less
than the second.  (RANDOM 0 9) is equivalent to RANDOM 10;
(RANDOM 3 8) is equivalent to (RANDOM 6)+3.








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rerandom






RERANDOM
(RERANDOM seed)




command.  Makes the results of RANDOM reproducible.  Ordinarily the
sequence of random numbers is different each time Logo is used.  If you need
the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers repeatedly, e.g. to debug a
program, say RERANDOM before the first invocation of RANDOM.  If
you need more than one repeatable sequence, you can give RERANDOM an integer
input; each possible input selects a unique sequence of numbers.









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4.4 Print Formatting





form                          












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form






FORM num width precision




outputs a word containing a printable representation of num, possibly
preceded by spaces (and therefore not a number for purposes of
performing arithmetic operations), with at least width characters,
including exactly precision digits after the decimal point.  (If
precision is 0 then there will be no decimal point in the output.)



As a debugging feature, (FORM num -1 format) will print the floating
point num according to the C printf format, to allow





to hex :num
op form :num -1 "|%08X %08X|
end




to allow finding out the exact result of floating point operations.  The
precise format needed may be machine-dependent.









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4.5 Bitwise Operations





bitand                        



bitor                         



bitxor                        



bitnot                        



ashift                        



lshift                        












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bitand






BITAND num1 num2
(BITAND num1 num2 num3 ...)




outputs the bitwise and of its inputs, which must be integers.



See section and .








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bitor






BITOR num1 num2
(BITOR num1 num2 num3 ...)




outputs the bitwise or of its inputs, which must be integers.



See section or .








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bitxor






BITXOR num1 num2
(BITXOR num1 num2 num3 ...)




outputs the bitwise exclusive or of its inputs, which must be integers.



See section or .








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bitnot






BITNOT num




outputs the bitwise not of its input, which must be an integer.



See section not .








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ashift






ASHIFT num1 num2




outputs num1 arithmetic-shifted to the left by num2 bits.  If
num2 is negative, the shift is to the right with sign extension.  The
inputs must be integers.








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lshift






LSHIFT num1 num2




outputs num1 logical-shifted to the left by num2 bits.  If
num2 is negative, the shift is to the right with zero fill.  The inputs
must be integers.









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  This document was generated on December 27, 2019 using texi2html 5.0.
 
 






ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_3.html0000664000175000017500000030441613601426471016306 0ustar  jjcjjc



BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 3 Communication


















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3 Communication





3.1 Transmitters                  



3.2 Receivers                     



3.3 File Access                   



3.4 Terminal Access               












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3.1 Transmitters





print                         



type                          



show                          






Note:  If there is a variable named PRINTDEPTHLIMIT with a nonnegative
integer value, then complex list and array structures will be printed
only to the allowed depth.  That is, members of members of... of members
will be allowed only so far.  The members omitted because
they are just past the depth limit are indicated by an ellipsis for each
one, so a too-deep list of two members will print as [... ...].



If there is a variable named PRINTWIDTHLIMIT with a nonnegative integer
value, then only the first so many members of any array or
list will be printed.  A single ellipsis replaces all missing data
within the structure.  The width limit also applies to the number of
characters printed in a word, except that a PRINTWIDTHLIMIT between 0 and 9
will be treated as if it were 10 when applied to words.  This limit
applies not only to the top-level printed datum but to any substructures
within it.



See section printdepthlimit ,
printwidthlimit



If there is a variable named FULLPRINTP whose value is TRUE, then
words that were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include
characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are
printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed
result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same value.  If
FULLPRINTP is TRUE then the empty word (however it was created) prints
as ||.  (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.)



See section fullprintp .








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print







PRINT thing
PR thing
(PRINT thing1 thing2 ...)
(PR thing1 thing2 ...)




command.  Prints the input or inputs to the current write stream
(initially the screen).  All the inputs are printed on a single line,
separated by spaces, ending with a newline.  If an input is a list,
square brackets are not printed around it, but brackets are printed
around sublists.  Braces are always printed around arrays.








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type






TYPE thing
(TYPE thing1 thing2 ...)




command.  Prints the input or inputs like PRINT, except that no newline
character is printed at the end and multiple inputs are not separated by
spaces.  Note: printing to the screen is ordinarily line buffered;
that is, the characters you print using TYPE will not actually appear on
the screen until either a newline character is printed (for example, by
PRINT or SHOW) or Logo tries to read from the keyboard (either at the
request of your program or after an instruction prompt).  This buffering
makes the program much faster than it would be if each character
appeared immediately, and in most cases the effect is not disconcerting.
To accommodate programs that do a lot of positioned text display using
TYPE, Logo will force printing whenever SETCURSOR is invoked.  This
solves most buffering problems.  Still, on occasion you may find it
necessary to force the buffered characters to be printed explicitly;
this can be done using the WAIT command.  WAIT 0 will force printing
without actually waiting.



See section setcursor ,
wait








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show






SHOW thing
(SHOW thing1 thing2 ...)




command.  Prints the input or inputs like PRINT, except that if an input
is a list it is printed inside square brackets.



See section print .









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3.2 Receivers





readlist                      



readword                      



readrawline                   



readchar                      



readchars                     



shell                         












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readlist







READLIST
RL




reads a line from the read stream (initially the keyboard) and outputs
that line as a list.  The line is separated into members as though it
were typed in square brackets in an instruction.  If the read stream is
a file, and the end of file is reached, READLIST outputs the empty word
(not the empty list).  READLIST processes backslash, vertical bar, and
tilde characters in the read stream; the output list will not contain
these characters but they will have had their usual effect.  READLIST
does not, however, treat semicolon as a comment character.








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readword







READWORD
RW




reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word.  The
output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc.
If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READWORD
outputs the empty list (not the empty word).  READWORD processes
backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream.  In
the case of a tilde used for line continuation, the output word does
include the tilde and the newline characters, so that the user program
can tell exactly what the user entered.  Vertical bars in the line are
also preserved in the output.  Backslash characters are not preserved in
the output.









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readrawline






READRAWLINE




reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word.  The
output is a single word even if the line contains spaces, brackets, etc.
If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READRAWLINE
outputs the empty list (not the empty word).  READRAWLINE outputs the
exact string of characters as they appear in the line, with no special
meaning for backslash, vertical bar, tilde, or any other formatting
characters.



See section readword .








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readchar







READCHAR
RC




reads a single character from the read stream and outputs that character
as a word.  If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is
reached, READCHAR outputs the empty list (not the empty word).  If the
read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when READCHAR is
invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD is invoked or a Logo
prompt is printed.  Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have
no special meaning in this context.



See section readlist .








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readchars







READCHARS num
RCS num




reads num characters from the read stream and outputs those characters
as a word.  If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is
reached, READCHARS outputs the empty list (not the empty word).  If the
read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off when READCHARS is
invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD is invoked or a Logo
prompt is printed.  Backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters have
no special meaning in this context.



See section readlist ,
readword








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shell






SHELL command
(SHELL command wordflag)




Under Unix, outputs the result of running command as a shell command.
(The command is sent to ‘/bin/sh’, not ‘csh’ or other alternatives.)
If the command is a literal list in the instruction line, and if you want a
backslash character sent to the shell, you must use \\ to get the
backslash through Logo’s reader intact.  The output is a list containing
one member for each line generated by the shell command.  Ordinarily
each such line is represented by a list in the output, as though the
line were read using READLIST.  If a second input is given, regardless
of the value of the input, each line is represented by a word in the
output as though it were read with READWORD.  Example:





to dayofweek
output first first shell [date]
end




This is first first to extract the first word of the first (and only)
line of the shell output.



Under MacOS X, SHELL works as under Unix.  SHELL is not
available under Mac Classic.



Under DOS, SHELL is a command, not an operation; it sends its input to a
DOS command processor but does not collect the result of the command.



Under Windows, the wxWidgets version of Logo behaves as under Unix (except
that DOS-style commands are understood; use dir rather than ls).
The non-wxWidgets version behaves like the DOS version.









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3.3 File Access





setprefix                     



prefix                        



openread                      



openwrite                     



openappend                    



openupdate                    



close                         



allopen                       



closeall                      



erasefile                     



dribble                       



nodribble                     



setread                       



setwrite                      



reader                        



writer                        



setreadpos                    



setwritepos                   



readpos                       



writepos                      



eofp                          



filep                         












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setprefix






SETPREFIX string




command.  Sets a prefix that will be used as the implicit beginning of
filenames in OPENREAD, OPENWRITE, OPENAPPEND,
OPENUPDATE, LOAD, and SAVE commands.  Logo will put the
appropriate separator character (slash for Unix, backslash for DOS/Windows,
colon for MacOS Classic) between the prefix and the filename entered by the
user.  The input to SETPREFIX must be a word, unless it is the empty list, to
indicate that there should be no prefix.



See section openread , 
See section openwrite ,
See section openappend ,
See section openupdate ,
See section load ,
See section save .








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prefix






PREFIX




outputs the current file prefix, or [] if there is no prefix.



See section setprefix .









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openread






OPENREAD filename




command.  Opens the named file for reading.  The read position is
initially at the beginning of the file.








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openwrite






OPENWRITE filename




command.  Opens the named file for writing.  If the file already
existed, the old version is deleted and a new, empty file created.



OPENWRITE, but not the other OPEN variants, will accept as input
a two-element list, in which the first element must be a variable
name, and the second must be a positive integer.  A character
buffer of the specified size will be created.  When a SETWRITE is
done with this same list (in the sense of .EQ, not a copy, so
you must do something like





? make "buf [foo 100]
? openwrite :buf
? setwrite :buf
    [...]
? close :buf




and not just





? openwrite [foo 100]
? setwrite [foo 100]




and so on), the printed characters are stored in the buffer;
when a CLOSE is done with the same list as input, the characters
from the buffer (treated as one long word, even if spaces and
newlines are included) become the value of the specified variable.








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openappend






OPENAPPEND filename




command.  Opens the named file for writing.  If the file already exists,
the write position is initially set to the end of the old file, so that
newly written data will be appended to it.








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openupdate






OPENUPDATE filename




command.  Opens the named file for reading and writing.  The read and
write position is initially set to the end of the old file, if any.
Note: each open file has only one position, for both reading and
writing.  If a file opened for update is both READER and WRITER at the
same time, then SETREADPOS will also affect WRITEPOS and vice versa.
Also, if you alternate reading and writing the same file, you must
SETREADPOS between a write and a read, and SETWRITEPOS between a read
and a write.



See section reader ,
writer ,
setreadpos ,
setwritepos








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close






CLOSE filename




command.  Closes the named file.  If the file was currently the
reader or writer, then the reader or writer is changed to the
keyboard or screen, as if SETREAD [] or SETWRITE [] had been done.









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allopen






ALLOPEN




outputs a list whose members are the names of all files currently open.
This list does not include the dribble file, if any.








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closeall






CLOSEALL					(library procedure)




command. Closes all open files. Abbreviates FOREACH ALLOPEN [CLOSE ?]



See section foreach ,
close








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erasefile







ERASEFILE filename
ERF filename




command.  Erases (deletes, removes) the named file, which should not
currently be open.








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dribble






DRIBBLE filename




command.  Creates a new file whose name is the input, like OPENWRITE,
and begins recording in that file everything that is read from the
keyboard or written to the terminal.  That is, this writing is in
addition to the writing to WRITER.  The intent is to create a transcript
of a Logo session, including things like prompt characters and
interactions.



See section openwrite ,
writer








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nodribble






NODRIBBLE




command.  Stops copying information into the dribble file, and closes
the file.








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setread






SETREAD filename




command.  Makes the named file the read stream, used for READLIST, etc.
The file must already be open with OPENREAD or OPENUPDATE.  If the input
is the empty list, then the read stream becomes the keyboard, as usual.
Changing the read stream does not close the file that was previously the
read stream, so it is possible to alternate between files.



See section readlist ,
openread ,
openupdate








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setwrite






SETWRITE filename




command.  Makes the named file the write stream, used for PRINT,
etc.  The file must already be open with OPENWRITE, OPENAPPEND, or
OPENUPDATE.  If the input is the empty list, then the write stream
becomes the screen, as usual.  Changing the write stream does
not close the file that was previously the write stream, so it is
possible to alternate between files.



If the input is a list, then its first element must be a variable
name, and its second and last element must be a positive integer; a
buffer of that many characters will be allocated, and will become the
writestream.  If the same list (same in the .EQ sense, not a copy)
has been used as input to OPENWRITE, then the already-allocated
buffer will be used, and the writer can be changed to and from this
buffer, with all the characters accumulated as in a file.  When the
same list is used as input to CLOSE, the contents of the buffer
(as an unparsed word, which may contain newline characters) will
become the value of the named variable.  For compatibility with
earlier versions, if the list has not been opened when the SETWRITE
is done, it will be opened implicitly, but the first SETWRITE after
this one will implicitly close it, setting the variable and freeing
the allocated buffer.



See section print ,
openwrite ;
openappend ;
openupdate








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reader






READER




outputs the name of the current read stream file, or the empty list if
the read stream is the terminal.








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writer






WRITER




outputs the name of the current write stream file, or the empty list if
the write stream is the screen.








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setreadpos






SETREADPOS charpos




command.  Sets the file pointer of the read stream file so that the next
READLIST, etc., will begin reading at the charposth character in the
file, counting from 0.  (That is, SETREADPOS 0 will start reading from
the beginning of the file.)  Meaningless if the read stream is the
keyboard.



See section readlist .








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setwritepos






SETWRITEPOS charpos




command.  Sets the file pointer of the write stream file so that the
next PRINT, etc., will begin writing at the charposth character in the
file, counting from 0.  (That is, SETWRITEPOS 0 will start writing from
the beginning of the file.)  Meaningless if the write stream is the
screen.



See section print .








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readpos






READPOS




outputs the file position of the current read stream file.








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writepos






WRITEPOS




outputs the file position of the current write stream file.








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eofp







EOFP
EOF?




predicate, outputs TRUE if there are no more characters to be read in
the read stream file, FALSE otherwise.








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filep







FILEP filename
FILE? filename					(library procedure)




predicate, outputs TRUE if a file of the specified name exists and can
be read, FALSE otherwise.









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3.4 Terminal Access





keyp                          



cleartext                     



setcursor                     



cursor                        



setmargins                    



settextcolor                  



increasefont  



settextsize  



textsize  



setfont  



font  












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keyp







KEYP
KEY?




predicate, outputs TRUE if there are characters waiting to be read from
the read stream.  If the read stream is a file, this is equivalent to
NOT EOFP.  If the read stream is the terminal, then echoing is turned
off and the terminal is set to cbreak (character at a time instead of
line at a time) mode.  It remains in this mode until some line-mode
reading is requested (e.g., READLIST).  The Unix operating system
forgets about any pending characters when it switches modes, so the
first KEYP invocation will always output FALSE.



See section eofp ,
readlist








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cleartext







CLEARTEXT
CT




command.  Clears the text window.








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setcursor






SETCURSOR vector




command.  The input is a list of two numbers, the x and y coordinates of
a text window position (origin in the upper left corner, positive direction
is southeast).  The text cursor is moved to the requested position.
This command also forces the immediate printing of any buffered
characters.








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cursor






CURSOR




outputs a list containing the current x and y coordinates of the text
cursor.  Logo may get confused about the current cursor position if,
e.g., you type in a long line that wraps around or your program prints
escape codes that affect the screen strangely.








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setmargins






SETMARGINS vector




command.  The input must be a list of two numbers, as for SETCURSOR.
The effect is to clear the screen and then arrange for all further
printing to be shifted down and to the right according to the indicated
margins.  Specifically, every time a newline character is printed
(explicitly or implicitly) Logo will type x_margin spaces, and on every
invocation of SETCURSOR the margins will be added to the input x and y
coordinates.  (CURSOR will report the cursor position relative to the
margins, so that this shift will be invisible to Logo programs.)  The
purpose of this command is to accommodate the display of terminal
screens in lecture halls with inadequate TV monitors that miss the top
and left edges of the screen.



See section setcursor .









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settextcolor







SETTEXTCOLOR foreground background
SETTC foreground background




command (wxWidgets only).  The inputs are color numbers, or RGB color lists,
as for turtle graphics.  The foreground and background colors for the
textscreen/splitscreen text window are changed to the given values.  The
change affects text already printed as well as future text printing; there is
only one text color for the entire window.



Command (non-wxWidgets Windows and DOS extended only).  The inputs are color
numbers, as for turtle graphics.  Future printing to the text window will use
the specified colors for foreground (the characters printed) and background
(the space under those characters).  Using STANDOUT will revert to the default
text window colors.  In the DOS extended (‘ucblogo.exe’) version, colors in
textscreen mode are limited to numbers 0-7, and the coloring applies only to
text printed by the program, not to the echoing of text typed by the user.
Neither limitation applies to the text portion of splitscreen mode, which is
actually drawn as graphics internally.



See section standout .








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increasefont







INCREASEFONT
DECREASEFONT




command (wxWidgets only).  Increase or decrease the size of the font
used in the text and edit windows to the next larger or smaller
available size.








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settextsize






SETTEXTSIZE height




command (wxWidgets only).  Set the "point size" of the font used in
the text and edit windows to the given integer input.  The desired
size may not be available, in which case the nearest available size
will be used.  Note: There is only a slight correlation between these
integers and pixel sizes.  Our rough estimate is that the number of
pixels of height is about 1.5 times the point size, but it varies for
different fonts.  See SETLABELHEIGHT for a different approach used for
the graphics window.








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textsize






TEXTSIZE




(wxWidgets only) outputs the "point size" of the font used in the text
and edit windows.  See SETTEXTSIZE for a discussion of font sizing.
See LABELSIZE for a different approach used for the graphics window.








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setfont






SETFONT fontname




command (wxWidgets only).  Set the font family used in all windows
to the one named by the input.  Try ‘Courier’ or ‘Monospace’ as likely
possibilities.  Not all computers have the same fonts installed.  It’s
a good idea to stick with monospace fonts (ones in which all
characters have the same width).








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font






FONT




(wxWidgets only) outputs the name of the font family used in all
windows.









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  This document was generated on December 27, 2019 using texi2html 5.0.
 
 






ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_2.html0000664000175000017500000035334113601426471016306 0ustar  jjcjjc



BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 2 Data Structure Primitives


















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2 Data Structure Primitives





2.1 Constructors                  



2.2 Data Selectors                     



2.3 Data Mutators                      



2.4 Predicates                    



2.5 Queries                       












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2.1 Constructors





word                          



list                          



sentence                      



fput                          



lput                          



array                         



mdarray                       



listtoarray                   



arraytolist                   



combine                       



reverse                       



gensym                        












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word






WORD word1 word2
(WORD word1 word2 word3 ...)




outputs a word formed by concatenating its inputs.








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list






LIST thing1 thing2
(LIST thing1 thing2 thing3 ...)




outputs a list whose members are its inputs, which can be any Logo datum
(word, list, or array).









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sentence







SENTENCE thing1 thing2
SE thing1 thing2
(SENTENCE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...)
(SE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...)




outputs a list whose members are its inputs, if those inputs are not
lists, or the members of its inputs, if those inputs are lists.








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fput






FPUT thing list




outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the
first input, at the beginning.  If the second input is a word,
then the first input must be a one-letter word, and FPUT is
equivalent to WORD.










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lput






LPUT thing list




outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member, the
first input, at the end.  If the second input is a word,
then the first input must be a one-letter word, and LPUT is
equivalent to WORD with its inputs in the other order.








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array






ARRAY size
(ARRAY size origin)




outputs an array of size members (must be a positive integer), each of
which initially is an empty list.  Array members can be selected with
ITEM and changed with SETITEM.  The first member of the array is member
number 1 unless an origin input (must be an integer) is given, in
which case the first member of the array has that number as its index.
(Typically 0 is used as the origin if anything.)  Arrays are printed by
PRINT and friends, and can be typed in, inside curly braces; indicate an
origin with {a b c}@0.




See section item ,
setitem ,
print .








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mdarray






MDARRAY sizelist				(library procedure)
(MDARRAY sizelist origin)




outputs a multi-dimensional array.  The first input must be a list of
one or more positive integers.  The second input, if present, must be a
single integer that applies to every dimension of the array.  



Ex: (MDARRAY [3 5] 0) outputs a two-dimensional array whose members
range from [0 0] to [2 4].









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listtoarray






LISTTOARRAY list
(LISTTOARRAY list origin)




outputs an array of the same size as the input list, whose members are
the members of the input list.









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arraytolist






ARRAYTOLIST array




outputs a list whose members are the members of the input array.  The
first member of the output is the first member of the array, regardless
of the array’s origin.









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combine






COMBINE thing1 thing2				(library procedure)




if thing2 is a word, outputs WORD thing1 thing2.  If thing2
is a list, outputs FPUT thing1 thing2.



See section word ,
fput








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reverse






REVERSE list					(library procedure)




outputs a list whose members are the members of the input list, in
reverse order.








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gensym






GENSYM						(library procedure)




outputs a unique word each time it’s invoked.  The words are of the form
G1, G2, etc.








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2.2 Data Selectors





first                         



firsts                        



last                          



butfirst                      



butfirsts                     



butlast                       



item                          



mditem                        



pick                          



remove                        



remdup                        



quoted                        











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first






FIRST thing




if the input is a word, outputs the first character of the word.  If the
input is a list, outputs the first member of the list.  If the input is
an array, outputs the origin of the array (that is, the index of the
first member of the array).








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firsts






FIRSTS list




outputs a list containing the FIRST of each member of the input list.
It is an error if any member of the input list is empty.  (The input
itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.)  This
could be written as





to firsts :list
output map "first :list
end




but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools
MAP, MAP.SE, and FOREACH.





to transpose :matrix
if emptyp first :matrix [op []]
op fput firsts :matrix transpose bfs :matrix
end




See section map ,
map.se ,
foreach








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last






LAST wordorlist




if the input is a word, outputs the last character of the word.  If the
input is a list, outputs the last member of the list.








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butfirst







BUTFIRST wordorlist
BF wordorlist




if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the first
character of the input.  If the input is a list, outputs a list
containing all but the first member of the input.








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butfirsts







BUTFIRSTS list
BFS list




outputs a list containing the BUTFIRST of each member of the input list.
It is an error if any member of the input list is empty or an array.
(The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also empty.)
This could be written as





to butfirsts :list
output map "butfirst :list
end




but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration tools
MAP, MAP.SE, and FOREACH.



See section map ,
map.se ,
foreach








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butlast







BUTLAST wordorlist
BL wordorlist




if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the last
character of the input.  If the input is a list, outputs a list
containing all but the last member of the input.








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item






ITEM index thing




if the thing is a word, outputs the indexth character of the word.
If the thing is a list, outputs the indexth member of the list.  If
the thing is an array, outputs the indexth member of the array.
Index starts at 1 for words and lists; the starting index of an array
is specified when the array is created.








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mditem






MDITEM indexlist array				(library procedure)




outputs the member of the multidimensional array selected by the list
of numbers indexlist.








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pick






PICK list					(library procedure)




outputs a randomly chosen member of the input list.








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remove






REMOVE thing list				(library procedure)




outputs a copy of list with every member equal to thing removed.








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remdup






REMDUP list					(library procedure)




outputs a copy of list with duplicate members removed.  If two or more
members of the input are equal, the rightmost of those members is the
one that remains in the output.








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quoted






QUOTED thing					(library procedure)




outputs its input, if a list; outputs its input with a quotation mark
prepended, if a word.










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2.3 Data Mutators





setitem                       



mdsetitem                     



.setfirst                     SETFIRST  



.setbf                        SETBF



.setitem                      SETITEM



push                          



pop                           



queue                         



dequeue                       












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setitem






SETITEM index array value




command.  Replaces the indexth member of array with the new value.
Ensures that the resulting array is not circular, i.e., value may not
be a list or array that contains array.








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mdsetitem






MDSETITEM indexlist array value			(library procedure)




command.  Replaces the member of array chosen by indexlist with the
new value.








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.setfirst






.SETFIRST list value




command.  Changes the first member of list to be value.



WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are dangerous.
Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of .SETFIRST can
lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives
into infinite loops, and to unexpected changes to other data structures that
share storage with the list being modified.








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.setbf






.SETBF list value




command.  Changes the butfirst of list to be value.

	

WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are dangerous.
Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of .SETBF can lead
to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives into
infinite loops; unexpected changes to other data structures that share
storage with the list being modified; or to Logo crashes and coredumps if the
butfirst of a list is not itself a list.








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.setitem






.SETITEM index array value




command.  Changes the indexth member of array to be value,
like SETITEM, but without checking for circularity.



WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are dangerous.
Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of .SETITEM can
lead to circular arrays, which will get some Logo primitives into
infinite loops.



See section setitem.








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push






PUSH stackname thing				(library procedure)




command.  Adds the thing to the stack that is the value of the
variable whose name is stackname.  This variable must have a list as
its value; the initial value should be the empty list.  New members are
added at the front of the list.








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pop






POP stackname					(library procedure)




outputs the most recently PUSHed member of the stack that is the value
of the variable whose name is stackname and removes that member from
the stack.








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queue






QUEUE queuename thing				(library procedure)




command.  Adds the thing to the queue that is the value of the
variable whose name is queuename.  This variable must have a list as
its value; the initial value should be the empty list.  New members are
added at the back of the list.








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dequeue


 



DEQUEUE queuename				(library procedure)




outputs the least recently QUEUEd member of the queue that is the value
of the variable whose name is queuename and removes that member from
the queue.









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2.4 Predicates





wordp                         



listp                         



arrayp                        



emptyp                        



equalp                        



notequalp  



beforep                       



.eq                           EQ



memberp                       



substringp                    



numberp                       



vbarredp                  











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wordp






WORDP thing
WORD? thing




outputs TRUE if the input is a word, FALSE otherwise.








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listp







LISTP thing
LIST? thing




outputs TRUE if the input is a list, FALSE otherwise.








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arrayp







ARRAYP thing
ARRAY? thing




outputs TRUE if the input is an array, FALSE otherwise.








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emptyp







EMPTYP thing
EMPTY? thing




outputs TRUE if the input is the empty word or the empty list, FALSE
otherwise.








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equalp








EQUALP thing1 thing2
EQUAL? thing1 thing2
thing1 = thing2




outputs TRUE if the inputs are equal, FALSE otherwise.  Two numbers are
equal if they have the same numeric value.  Two non-numeric words are
equal if they contain the same characters in the same order.  If there
is a variable named CASEIGNOREDP whose value is TRUE, then an upper case
letter is considered the same as the corresponding lower case letter.
(This is the case by default.)  Two lists are equal if their members are
equal.  An array is only equal to itself; two separately created arrays
are never equal even if their members are equal.  (It is important to be
able to know if two expressions have the same array as their value
because arrays are mutable; if, for example, two variables have the same
array as their values then performing SETITEM on one of them will also
change the other.)



See section caseignoredp ,
setitem








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notequalp








NOTEQUALP thing1 thing2
NOTEQUAL? thing1 thing2
thing1 <> thing2




outputs FALSE if the inputs are equal, TRUE otherwise.  See EQUALP
for the meaning of equality for different data types.








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beforep







BEFOREP word1 word2
BEFORE? word1 word2




outputs TRUE if word1 comes before word2 in ASCII collating sequence
(for words of letters, in alphabetical order).  Case-sensitivity is
determined by the value of CASEIGNOREDP.  Note that if the inputs are
numbers, the result may not be the same as with LESSP; for example,
BEFOREP 3 12 is false because 3 collates after 1.



See section caseignoredp ,
lessp 








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.eq






.EQ thing1 thing2




outputs TRUE if its two inputs are the same datum, so that applying a
mutator to one will change the other as well.  Outputs FALSE otherwise,
even if the inputs are equal in value.  



WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are dangerous.
Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of mutators can
lead to circular data structures, infinite loops, or Logo crashes.








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memberp







MEMBERP thing1 thing2
MEMBER? thing1 thing2




if thing2 is a list or an array, outputs TRUE if thing1 is
EQUALP to a member of thing2, FALSE otherwise.  If
thing2 is a word, outputs TRUE if thing1 is a one-character
word EQUALP to a character of thing2, FALSE otherwise.



See section equalp .








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substringp







SUBSTRINGP thing1 thing2
SUBSTRING? thing1 thing2




if thing1 or thing2 is a list or an array, outputs FALSE.  If
thing2 is a word, outputs TRUE if thing1 is EQUALP to a substring of
thing2, FALSE otherwise.



See section equalp .








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numberp







NUMBERP thing
NUMBER? thing




outputs TRUE if the input is a number, FALSE otherwise.








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vbarredp







VBARREDP char
VBARRED? char
BACKSLASHEDP char                               (library procedure)
BACKSLASHED? char                               (library procedure)




outputs TRUE if the input character was originally entered into Logo
within vertical bars (|) to prevent its usual special syntactic meaning,
FALSE otherwise.  (Outputs TRUE only if the character is a
backslashed space, tab, newline, or one of ()[]+-*/=<>":;\~?| )



The names BACKSLASHEDP and BACKSLASHED? are included in the
Logo library for backward compatibility with the former names of this
primitive, although it does not output TRUE for characters
originally entered with backslashes.










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2.5 Queries





count                         



ascii                         



rawascii                      



char                          



member                        



lowercase                     



uppercase                     



standout                      



parse                         



runparse                      












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count






COUNT thing




outputs the number of characters in the input, if the input is a word;
outputs the number of members in the input, if it is a list or an array.
(For an array, this may or may not be the index of the last member,
depending on the array’s origin.)








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ascii






ASCII char




outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input
character in the ASCII code.  Interprets control characters as
representing vbarred punctuation, and returns the character code for
the corresponding punctuation character without vertical bars.  (Compare
RAWASCII.)








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rawascii






RAWASCII char




outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input
character in the ASCII code.  Interprets control characters as
representing themselves.  To find out the ASCII code of an arbitrary
keystroke, use RAWASCII RC.








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char






CHAR int




outputs the character represented in the ASCII code by the input, which
must be an integer between 0 and 255.



See section ascii .








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member






MEMBER thing1 thing2




if thing2 is a word or list and if MEMBERP with these inputs would
output TRUE, outputs the portion of thing2 from the first instance of
thing1 to the end.  If MEMBERP would output FALSE, outputs the empty
word or list according to the type of thing2.  It is an error for
thing2 to be an array.



See section memberp .








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lowercase






LOWERCASE word




outputs a copy of the input word, but with all uppercase letters changed
to the corresponding lowercase letter.








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uppercase






UPPERCASE word




outputs a copy of the input word, but with all lowercase letters changed
to the corresponding uppercase letter.








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standout






STANDOUT thing




outputs a word that, when printed, will appear like the input but
displayed in standout mode (boldface, reverse video, or whatever your
version does for standout).  The word contains machine-specific magic
characters at the beginning and end; in between is the printed form (as
if displayed using TYPE) of the input.  The output is always a word,
even if the input is of some other type, but it may include spaces and
other formatting characters.  Note: a word output by STANDOUT while Logo
is running on one machine will probably not have the desired effect if
printed on another type of machine.



In the Macintosh classic version, the way that standout works is incompatible with the
use of characters whose ASCII code is greater than 127.  Therefore, you
have a choice to make:  The instruction 



CANINVERSE 0 



disables standout, but enables the display of ASCII codes above 127, and
the instruction



CANINVERSE 1 



restores the default situation in which standout is enabled and the
extra graphic characters cannot be printed.








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parse






PARSE word




outputs the list that would result if the input word were entered in
response to a READLIST operation.  That is, PARSE READWORD has the same
value as READLIST for the same characters read.



See section readlist ,
readword








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runparse






RUNPARSE wordorlist




outputs the list that would result if the input word or list were
entered as an instruction line; characters such as infix operators and
parentheses are separate members of the output.  Note that sublists of a
runparsed list are not themselves runparsed.









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  This document was generated on December 27, 2019 using texi2html 5.0.
 
 






ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual_1.html0000664000175000017500000007524713601426470016312 0ustar  jjcjjc



BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 1.1 Overview


















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1.1 Overview






Copyright © 1993 by the Regents of the University of California



This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.



This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.



You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.



This is a program that is still being written.  Many things are missing,
including adequate documentation.  This manual assumes that you already know
how to program in Logo, and merely presents the details of this new
implementation.  



Read Computer Science Logo Style, Volume 1: 
 Symbolic Computing by Brian Harvey (MIT Press, 1997) for a tutorial
on Logo programming with emphasis on symbolic computation.



Here are the special features of this dialect of Logo:





Source file compatible among Unix, DOS, Windows, and Mac platforms.

Random-access arrays.

Variable number of inputs to user-defined procedures.

Mutators for list structure (dangerous).

Pause on error, and other improvements to error handling.

Comments and continuation lines; formatting is preserved when
procedure definitions are saved or edited.

Terrapin-style tokenization (e.g., [2+3] is a list with one member)
but LCSI-style syntax (no special forms except TO).  The best of
both worlds.

First-class instruction and expression templates (see APPLY).

Macros.




Features not found in Berkeley Logo include robotics, music,
animation, parallelism, and multimedia.  For those, buy a commercial version.









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1.2 Getter/Setter Variable Syntax





Logo distinguishes procedures from variables.  A procedure
is a set of instructions to carry out some computation; a variable is a
named container that holds a data value such as a number, word, list, or
array.



In traditional Logo syntax, a non-numeric word typed without punctuation
represents a request to invoke the procedure named by that word.  A word
typed with a preceding quotation mark represents the word itself.  For
example, in the instruction



	PRINT FIRST "WORD



the procedures named FIRST and PRINT are invoked, but the
procedure named WORD is not invoked; the word W-O-R-D is the
input to FIRST.



What about variables?  There are two things one can do with a variable:
give it a value, and find out its value.  To give a variable a value,
Logo provides the primitive procedure MAKE, which requires two
inputs: the name of the variable and the new value to be assigned.  The
first input, the name of the variable, is just a word, and if (as is
almost always the case) the programmer wants to assign a value to a
specific variable whose name is known in advance, that input is quoted,
just as any known specific word would be:



	MAKE "MY.VAR FIRST "WORD



gives the variable named MY.VAR the value W (the first letter of
WORD).



To find the value of a variable, Logo provides the primitive procedure
THING, which takes a variable name as its input, and outputs the value
of the accessible variable with that name.  Thus



	PRINT THING "MY.VAR



will print W (supposing the MAKE above has been done).  Since
finding the value of a specific, known variable name is such a common
operation, Logo also provides an abbreviated notation that combines
THING with quote:



	PRINT :MY.VAR



The colon (which Logo old-timers pronounce "dots") replaces THING
and " in the earlier version of the instruction.



Newcomers to Logo often complain about the need for all this punctuation.
In particular, Logo programmers who learned about dots and quotes without
also learning about THING wonder why an instruction such as



	MAKE "NEW.VAR :OLD.VAR



uses two different punctuation marks to identify the two variables.
(Having read the paragraphs above, you will understand that actually
both variable names are quoted, but the procedure THING is
invoked to find the value of OLD.VAR, since it’s that value, not
OLD.VAR’s name, that MAKE needs to know.  It wouldn’t make
sense to ask for THING of NEW.VAR, since we haven’t given
NEW.VAR a value yet.)



Although Logo’s punctuation rules make sense once understood, they
do form a barrier to entry for the Logo beginner.  Why, then, couldn’t
Logo be designed so that an unpunctuated word would represent a
procedure if there is a procedure by that name, or a variable if
there is a variable by that name?  Then we could say



	PRINT MY.VAR



and Logo would realize that MY.VAR is the name of a variable, not
of a procedure.  The traditional reason not to use this convention
is that Logo allows the same word to name a procedure and a variable
at the same time.  This is most often important for words that name
data types, as in the following procedure:



	TO PLURAL :WORD
	OUTPUT WORD :WORD "S
	END



Here the name WORD is a natural choice for the input to PLURAL, since
it describes the kind of input that PLURAL expects.  Within the procedure,
we use WORD to represent Logo’s primitive procedure that combines two
input words to form a new, longer word; we use :WORD to represent the
variable containing the input, whatever actual word is given when
PLURAL is invoked.



	? PRINT PLURAL "COMPUTER
	COMPUTERS




However, if a Logo instruction includes an unquoted word that is not
the name of a procedure, Logo could look for a variable of that name instead.
This would allow a "punctuationless" Logo, provided that users who
want to work without colons for variables choose variable names that are not
also procedure names.



What about assigning a value to a variable?  Could we do without the
quotation mark on MAKE’s first input?  Alas, no.  Although the
first input to MAKE is usually a constant, known
variable name, sometimes it isn’t, as in this example:



	TO INCREMENT :VAR
	MAKE :VAR (THING :VAR)+1	; Note: it's not "VAR here!
	END

	? MAKE "X 5
	? INCREMENT "X
	? PRINT :X
	6



The procedure INCREMENT takes a variable name as its input and
changes the value of that variable.  In this example there are two
variables; the variable whose name is VAR, and whose value is the
word X; and the variable whose name is X and whose value changes
from 5 to 6.  Suppose we changed the behavior of MAKE so that it
took the word after MAKE as the name of the variable to change;
we would be unable to write INCREMENT:



	TO INCREMENT :VAR		; nonworking!
	MAKE VAR (THING VAR)+1
	END



This would assign a new value to VAR, not to X.



What we can do is to allow an alternative to MAKE, a
"setter" procedure for a particular variable.  The notation will be



	? SETFOO 7
	? PRINT FOO
	7



SETFOO is a "setter procedure" that takes one input (in this case
the input 7) and assigns its value to the variable named FOO.



Berkeley Logo allows users to choose either the traditional notation, in
which case the same name can be used both for a procedure and for a
variable, or the getter/setter notation, in which variable FOO is
set with SETFOO and examined with FOO, but the same name
can’t be used for procedure and variable.



Here is how this choice is allowed: Berkeley Logo uses traditional
notation, with procedures distinct from variables.  However, if there is
a variable named AllowGetSet whose value is TRUE (which
there is, by default, when Logo starts up), then if a Logo instruction
refers to a nonexistent procedure (so that the error message
"I don’t know how to ..." would result), Logo tries the following two
steps:






	1.  If the name is at least four characters long, and the first three
	characters are the letters SET (upper or lower case), and if the name
	is followed in the instruction by another value, and if the name
	without the SET is the name of a variable that already exists, then
	Logo will invoke MAKE with its first input being the name without the
	SET, and its second input being the following value.

	2.  If step 1’s conditions are not met, but the name is
	the name of an accessible variable, then Logo will invoke
	THING with that name as input, to find the variable’s value.




Step 1 requires that the variable already exist so that misspellings of names
of SETxxx primitives (e.g., SETHEADING) will still be caught, instead of
silently creating a new variable.  The command GLOBAL can be used to create
a variable without giving it a value.



One final point:  The TO command in Logo has always been a special
case; the rest of the line starting with TO is not evaluated as
ordinary Logo expressions are.  In particular, the colons used to
mark the names of inputs to the procedure do not cause THING to be
invoked.  They are merely mnemonic aids, reminding the Logo user
that these words are names of variables.  (Arguably, this nonstantard
behavior of TO adds to Logo beginners’ confusion about colons.)
To a programmer using colonless variable references, the colons in
the TO line are unnecessary and meaningless.  Berkeley Logo therefore
makes the colons optional:



	TO FOO :IN1 :IN2



and



	TO FOO IN1 IN2



are both allowed.









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1.3 Entering and Leaving Logo






The process to start Logo depends on your operating system:





Unix:


Type the word logo to the shell.  (The directory in which you’ve
installed Logo must be in your path.)





DOS:


Change directories to the one containing Logo (probably
C:\UCBLOGO).  Then type UCBLOGO for the large memory
version, or BL for the 640K version.





Mac:


Double-click on the LOGO icon within the "UCB Logo" folder. 





Windows:


Double-click on the UCBWLOGO icon in the UCBLOGO folder.






To leave Logo, enter the command bye.



On startup, Logo looks for a file named ‘startup.lg’ in the system Logo
library and, if found, loads it.  Then it looks for ‘startup.lg’ in the
user’s home directory, or the current directory, depending on the operating
system, and loads that.  These startup files can be used to predefine
procedures, e.g., to provide non-English names for primitive procedures.



Under Unix, DOS, or Windows, if you include one or more filenames on the
command line when starting Logo, those files will be loaded before the
interpreter starts reading commands from your terminal.  If you load a file
that executes some program that includes a bye command, Logo will run
that program and exit.  You can therefore write standalone programs in Logo
and run them with shell/batch scripts.  To support this technique, Logo does
not print its usual welcoming and parting messages if you give file arguments
to the logo command.



If a command line argument is just a hyphen, then all command line arguments
after the hyphen are not taken as filenames, but are instead collected in a
list, one word per argument; the buried variable COMMAND.LINE contains
that list of arguments, or the empty list if there are none.  On my Linux
system, if the first line of an executable shell script is
#!/usr/local/bin/logo - (note the hyphen) then the script can be given
command line arguments and they all end up in :COMMAND.LINE along with
the script’s path.  Experiment.



If you type your interrupt character (see table below) Logo will stop what
it’s doing and return to top-level, as if you did THROW "TOPLEVEL.  If
you type your quit character Logo will pause as if you did PAUSE.





            wxWidgets      Unix       DOS/Windows     Mac Classic

toplevel      alt-S   usually ctrl-C    ctrl-Q     command-. (period)

pause         alt-P   usually ctrl-\    ctrl-W     command-, (comma)




If you have an environment variable called LOGOLIB whose value is the
name of a directory, then Logo will use that directory instead of the default
library.  If you invoke a procedure that has not been defined, Logo first
looks for a file in the current directory named ‘proc.lg’ where
proc is the procedure name in lower case letters.  If such a file
exists, Logo loads that file.  If the missing procedure is still undefined, or
if there is no such file, Logo then looks in the library directory for a file
named ‘proc’ (no ‘.lg’) and, if it exists, loads it.  If
neither file contains a definition for the procedure, then Logo signals an
error.  Several procedures that are primitive in most versions of Logo are
included in the default library, so if you use a different library you may
want to include some or all of the default library in it.









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1.4 Tokenization



Names of procedures, variables, and property lists are case-insensitive.  So
are the special words END, TRUE, and FALSE.  Case of
letters is preserved in everything you type, however.









Within square brackets, words are delimited only by spaces and square
brackets.  [2+3] is a list containing one word.  Note, however, that
the Logo primitives that interpret such a list as a Logo instruction or
expression (RUN, IF, etc.) reparse the list as if it had not
been typed inside brackets.



After a quotation mark outside square brackets, a word is delimited by
a space, a square bracket, or a parenthesis.



A word not after a quotation mark or inside square brackets is delimited by a
space, a bracket, a parenthesis, or an infix operator +-*/=<>.  Note
that words following colons are in this category.  Note that quote and colon
are not delimiters.  Each infix operator character is a word in itself, except
that the two-character sequences <=, >=, and <> (the
latter meaning not-equal) with no intervening space are recognized as a single
word.



A word consisting of a question mark followed by a number (e.g., ?37),
when runparsed (i.e., where a procedure name is expected), is treated
as if it were the sequence





( ? 37 )




making the number an input to the ? procedure.  (See the discussion of
templates, below.)  This special treatment does not apply to words read
as data, to words with a non-number following the question mark, or if
the question mark is backslashed.



A line (an instruction line or one read by READLIST or READWORD)
can be continued onto the following line if its last character is a tilde (~).
READWORD preserves the tilde and the newline; READLIST does not.



Lines read with READRAWLINE are never continued.



An instruction line or a line read by READLIST (but not by READWORD)
is automatically continued to the next line, as if ended with a tilde,
if there are unmatched brackets, parentheses, braces, or vertical bars
pending.  However, it’s an error if the continuation line contains
only the word END; this is to prevent runaway procedure definitions.
Lines explicitly continued with a tilde avoid this restriction.



If a line being typed interactively on the keyboard is continued, either
with a tilde or automatically, Logo will display a tilde as a prompt
character for the continuation line.



A semicolon begins a comment in an instruction line.  Logo ignores
characters from the semicolon to the end of the line.  A tilde as the
last character still indicates a continuation line, but not a continuation
of the comment.  For example, typing the instruction





print "abc;comment ~
def




will print the word abcdef.  Semicolon has no special meaning in data
lines read by READWORD or READLIST, but such a line can later be reparsed
using RUNPARSE and then comments will be recognized.



The two-character sequence #! at the beginning of a line also starts a
comment.  Unix users can therefore write a file containing Logo commands,
starting with the line



#! /usr/local/bin/logo



(or wherever your Logo executable lives) and the file will be executable
directly from the shell.



To include an otherwise delimiting character (including semicolon or tilde)
in a word, precede it with backslash (\).  If the last character of a line
is a backslash, then the newline character following the backslash will be
part of the last word on the line, and the line continues onto the following
line.  To include a backslash in a word, use \\.  If the combination
backslash-newline is entered at the terminal, Logo will issue a backslash as
a prompt character for the continuation line.  All of this applies to data
lines read with READWORD or READLIST as well as to instruction lines.



A line read with READRAWLINE has no special quoting mechanism; both
backslash and vertical bar (described below) are just ordinary characters.



An alternative notation to include otherwise delimiting characters in words
is to enclose a group of characters in vertical bars.  All characters between
vertical bars are treated as if they were letters.  In data read with READWORD
the vertical bars are preserved in the resulting word.  In data read with
READLIST (or resulting from a PARSE or RUNPARSE of a word) the vertical bars
do not appear explicitly; all potentially delimiting characters (including
spaces, brackets, parentheses, and infix operators) appear unmarked, but
tokenized as though they were letters.  Within vertical bars, backslash may
still be used; the only characters that must be backslashed in this context
are backslash and vertical bar themselves.



Characters entered between vertical bars are forever special, even if the
word or list containing them is later reparsed with PARSE or RUNPARSE.
Characters typed after a backslash are treated somewhat differently:  When a
quoted word containing a backslashed character is runparsed, the backslashed
character loses its special quality and acts thereafter as if typed normally.
This distinction is important only if you are building a Logo expression out
of parts, to be RUN later, and want to use parentheses.  For example,





PRINT RUN (SE "\( 2 "+ 3 "\))




will print 5, but





RUN (SE "MAKE ""|(| 2)




will create a variable whose name is open-parenthesis.  (Each example would
fail if vertical bars and backslashes were interchanged.)



A normally delimiting character entered within vertical bars is EQUALP
to the same character without the vertical bars, but can be distinguished by
the VBARREDP predicate.  (However, VBARREDP returns TRUE
only for characters for which special treatment is necessary: whitespace,
parentheses, brackets, infix operators, backslash, vertical bar, tilde, quote,
question mark, colon, and semicolon.)








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ucblogo-6.1/docs/html/usermanual.html0000664000175000017500000001666013601426470016064 0ustar  jjcjjc



BERKELEY LOGO 6.1: 1 Introduction















BERKELEY LOGO 6.1


Berkeley Logo User Manual

Brian Harvey




@vsize = 8.9 in
@parskip = 7 pt
@parindent = 0 pt





 







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1 Introduction                  



2 Data Structure Primitives     



3 Communication                 



4 Arithmetic                    



5 Logical Operations            



6 Graphics                      



7 Workspace Management          



8 Control Structures            



9 Macros                        



10 Error Processing              



11 Special Variables             



12 Internationalization          



INDEX                         









1 Introduction





1.1 Overview                      



1.2 Getter/Setter Variable Syntax    



1.3 Entering and Leaving Logo     



1.4 Tokenization                  











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ucblogo-6.1/csls/0000775000175000017500000000000013575571772012101 5ustar  jjcjjcucblogo-6.1/csls/ttt0000664000175000017500000000703613557147341012634 0ustar  jjcjjc;; Overall orchestration

to ttt
local [me you position]
draw.board
init
if equalp :me "x [meplay 5]
forever [
  if already.wonp :me [print [I win!] stop]
  if tiedp [print [Tie game!] stop]
  youplay getmove                         ;; ask person for move
  if already.wonp :you [print [You win!] stop]
  if tiedp [print [Tie game!] stop]
  meplay pickmove make.triples            ;; compute program's move
]
end

to make.triples
output map "substitute.triple [123 456 789 147 258 369 159 357]
end

to substitute.triple :combination
output map [item ? :position] :combination
end

to already.wonp :player
output memberp (word :player :player :player) (make.triples)
end

to tiedp
output not reduce "or map.se "numberp arraytolist :position
end

to youplay :square
draw :you :square
setitem :square :position :you
end

to meplay :square
draw :me :square
setitem :square :position :me
end

;; Initialization

to draw.board
splitscreen clearscreen hideturtle
drawline [-20 -50] 0 120
drawline [20 -50] 0 120
drawline [-60 -10] 90 120
drawline [-60 30] 90 120
end

to drawline :pos :head :len
penup
setpos :pos
setheading :head
pendown
forward :len
end

to init
make "position {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9}
print [Do you want to play first (X)]
type [or second (O)? Type X or O:]
choose
print [For each move, type a digit 1-9.]
end

to choose
local "side
forever [
  make "side readchar
  pr :side
  if equalp :side "x [choosex stop]
  if equalp :side "o [chooseo stop]
  type [Huh? Type X or O:]
]
end

to chooseo
make "me "x
make "you "o
end

to choosex
make "me "o
make "you "x
end

;; Get opponent's moves

to getmove
local "square
forever [
  type [Your move:]
  make "square readchar
  print :square
  if numberp :square ~
     [if and (:square > 0) (:square < 10)
         [if freep :square [output :square]]]
  print [not a valid move.]
]
end

to freep :square
output numberp item :square :position
end

;; Compute program's moves

to pickmove :triples
local "try
make "try find.win :me
if not emptyp :try [output :try]
make "try find.win :you
if not emptyp :try [output :try]
make "try find.fork
if not emptyp :try [output :try]
make "try find.advance
if not emptyp :try [output :try]
output find [memberp ? :position] [5 1 3 7 9 2 4 6 8]
end

to find.win :who
output filter "numberp find "win.nowp :triples
end

to win.nowp :triple
output equalp (filter [not numberp ?] :triple) (word :who :who)
end

to find.fork
local "singles
make "singles singles :me
if emptyp :singles [output []]
output repeated.number reduce "word :singles
end

to singles :who
output filter [singlep ? :who] :triples
end

to singlep :triple :who
output equalp (filter [not numberp ?] :triple) :who
end

to repeated.number :squares
output find [memberp ? ?rest] filter "numberp :squares
end

to find.advance
output best.move filter "numberp find [singlep ? :me] :triples
end

to best.move :my.single
local "your.singles
if emptyp :my.single [output []]
make "your.singles singles :you
if emptyp :your.singles [output first :my.single]
ifelse (count filter [? = first :my.single]
                     reduce "word :your.singles) > 1 [
    output first :my.single
] [
    output last :my.single
]
end

;; Drawing moves on screen

to draw :who :square
move :square
ifelse :who = "x [drawx] [drawo]
end

to move :square
penup
setpos thing word "box :square
end

to drawo
pendown
arc 360 18
end

to drawx
setheading 45
pendown
repeat 4 [forward 25.5 back 25.5 right 90]
end

make "box1 [-40 50]
make "box2 [0 50]
make "box3 [40 50]
make "box4 [-40 10]
make "box5 [0 10]
make "box6 [40 10]
make "box7 [-40 -30]
make "box8 [0 -30]
make "box9 [40 -30]
ucblogo-6.1/csls/tower0000664000175000017500000000202213557147341013147 0ustar  jjcjjcprogram tower;
 {This program solves the 5-disk tower of hanoi problem.}

procedure hanoi(number:integer;from,onto,other:char);
 {Recursive procedure that solves a subproblem of the original problem,
 moving some number of disks, not necessarily 5.  To move n disks, it
 must get the topmost n-1 out of the way, move the nth to the target
 stack, then move the n-1 to the target stack.}

  procedure movedisk(number:integer;from,onto:char);
   {This procedure moves one single disk.  It assumes that the move is
   legal, i.e., the disk is at the top of its stack and the target stack
   has no smaller disks already.  Procedure hanoi is responsible for
   making sure that's all true.}

    begin {movedisk}
      writeln('Move disk ',number:1,' from ',from,' to ',onto)
    end; {movedisk}

  begin {hanoi}
    if number <> 0 then
       begin
         hanoi(number-1,from,other,onto);
         movedisk(number,from,onto);
         hanoi(number-1,other,onto,from)
       end
  end; {hanoi}

begin {main program}
  hanoi(5,'a','b','c')
end.
ucblogo-6.1/csls/student0000664000175000017500000010676513557147341013520 0ustar  jjcjjcto student :prob
say [The problem to be solved is] :prob
make "prob map.se [depunct ?] :prob
localmake "orgprob :prob
student1 :prob ~
         [[[the perimeter of ! rectangle]
           [twice the sum of the length and width of the rectangle]]
          [[two numbers] [one of the numbers and the other number]]
          [[two numbers] [one number and the other number]]]
end

to student1 :prob :idioms
local [simsen shelf aunits units wanted ans var lasteqn
       ref eqt1 beg end idiom reply]
make "prob idioms :prob
if match [^ two numbers #] :prob ~
   [make "idiom find [match (sentence "^beg first ? "#end) :orgprob] :idioms ~
    tryidiom stop]
while [match [^beg the the #end] :prob] [make "prob (sentence :beg "the :end)]
say [With mandatory substitutions the problem is] :prob
ifelse match [# @:in [[as old as] [age] [years old]] #] :prob ~
       [ageprob] [make "simsen bracket :prob]
lsay [The simple sentences are] :simsen
foreach [aunits wanted ans var lasteqn ref units] [make ? []]
make "shelf filter [not emptyp ?] map.se [senform ?] :simsen
lsay [The equations to be solved are] :shelf
make "units remdup :units
if trysolve :shelf :wanted :units :aunits [print [The problem is solved.] stop]
make "eqt1 remdup geteqns :var
if not emptyp :eqt1 [lsay [Using the following known relationships] :eqt1]
student2 :eqt1
end

to student2 :eqt1
make "var remdup sentence (map.se [varterms ?] :eqt1) :var
make "eqt1 sentence :eqt1 vartest :var
if not emptyp :eqt1 ~
   [if trysolve (sentence :shelf :eqt1) :wanted :units :aunits
       [print [The problem is solved.] stop]]
make "idiom find [match (sentence "^beg first ? "#end) :orgprob] :idioms
if not emptyp :idiom [tryidiom stop]
lsay [Do you know any more relationships among these variables?] :var
make "reply readlist
if equalp :reply [yes] [print [Tell me.] make "reply readlist]
if equalp :reply [no] [print [] print [I can't solve this problem.] stop]
make "reply map.se [depunct ?] :reply
if dlm last :reply [make "reply butlast :reply]
if not match [^beg is #end] :reply [print [I don't understand that.] stop]
make "shelf sentence :shelf :eqt1
student2 (list (list "equal opform :beg opform :end))
end

;; Mandatory substitutions

to depunct :word
if emptyp :word [output []]
if equalp first :word "$ [output sentence "$ depunct butfirst :word]
if equalp last :word "% [output sentence depunct butlast :word "percent]
if memberp last :word [. ? |;| ,] [output sentence depunct butlast :word last :word]
if emptyp butfirst :word [output :word]
if equalp last2 :word "'s [output sentence depunct butlast butlast :word "s]
output :word
end

to last2 :word
output word (last butlast :word) (last :word)
end

to idioms :sent
local "number
output changes :sent ~
    [[[the sum of] ["sum]] [[square of] ["square]] [[of] ["numof]]
     [[how old] ["what]] [[is equal to] ["is]]
     [[years younger than] [[less than]]] [[years older than] ["plus]]
     [[percent less than] ["perless]] [[less than] ["lessthan]]
     [[these] ["the]] [[more than] ["plus]]
     [[first two numbers] [[the first number and the second number]]]
     [[three numbers]
      [[the first number and the second number and the third number]]]
     [[one half] [0.5]] [[twice] [[2 times]]]
     [[$ !number] [sentence :number "dollars]] [[consecutive to] [[1 plus]]]
     [[larger than] ["plus]] [[per cent] ["percent]] [[how many] ["howm]]
     [[is multiplied by] ["ismulby]] [[is divided by] ["isdivby]]
     [[multiplied by] ["times]] [[divided by] ["divby]]]
end

to changes :sent :list
localmake "keywords map.se [findkey first ?] :list
output changes1 :sent :list :keywords
end

to findkey :pattern
if equalp first :pattern "!:in [output first butfirst :pattern]
if equalp first :pattern "?:in [output sentence (item 2 :pattern) (item 3 :pattern)]
output first :pattern
end

to changes1 :sent :list :keywords
if emptyp :sent [output []]
if memberp first :sent :keywords [output changes2 :sent :list :keywords]
output fput first :sent changes1 butfirst :sent :list :keywords
end

to changes2 :sent :list :keywords
changes3 :list :list
output fput first :sent changes1 butfirst :sent :list :keywords
end

to changes3 :biglist :nowlist
if emptyp :nowlist [stop]
if changeone first :nowlist [changes3 :biglist :biglist stop]
changes3 :biglist butfirst :nowlist
end

to changeone :change
local "end
if not match (sentence first :change [#end]) :sent [output "false]
make "sent run (sentence "sentence last :change ":end)
output "true
end

;; Division into simple sentences

to bracket :prob
output bkt1 finddelim :prob
end

to finddelim :sent
output finddelim1 :sent [] []
end

to finddelim1 :in :out :simples
if emptyp :in ~
   [ifelse emptyp :out [output :simples] [output lput (sentence :out ".) :simples]]
if dlm first :in ~
   [output finddelim1 (nocap butfirst :in) []
                      (lput (sentence :out first :in) :simples)]
output finddelim1 (butfirst :in) (sentence :out first :in) :simples
end

to nocap :words
if emptyp :words [output []]
if personp first :words [output :words]
output sentence (lowercase first :words) butfirst :words
end

to bkt1 :problist
local [first word rest]
if emptyp :problist [output []]
if not memberp ", first :problist ~
   [output fput first :problist bkt1 butfirst :problist]
if match [if ^first , !word:qword #rest] first :problist ~
   [output bkt1 fput (sentence :first ".)
                     fput (sentence :word :rest) butfirst :problist]
if match [^first , and #rest] first :problist ~
   [output fput (sentence :first ".) (bkt1 fput :rest butfirst :problist)]
output fput first :problist bkt1 butfirst :problist
end

;; Age problems

to ageprob
local [beg end sym who num subj ages]
while [match [^beg as old as #end] :prob] [make "prob sentence :beg :end]
while [match [^beg years old #end] :prob] [make "prob sentence :beg :end]
while [match [^beg will be when #end] :prob] ~
      [make "sym gensym
       make "prob (sentence :beg "in :sym [years . in] :sym "years :end)]
while [match [^beg was when #end] :prob] ~
      [make "sym gensym
       make "prob (sentence :beg :sym [years ago .] :sym [years ago] :end)]
while [match [^beg !who:personp will be in !num years #end] :prob] ~
      [make "prob (sentence :beg :who [s age in] :num "years #end)]
while [match [^beg was #end] :prob] [make "prob (sentence :beg "is :end)]
while [match [^beg will be #end] :prob] [make "prob (sentence :beg "is :end)]
while [match [^beg !who:personp is now #end] :prob] ~
      [make "prob (sentence :beg :who [s age now] :end)]
while [match [^beg !num years from now #end] :prob] ~
      [make "prob (sentence :beg "in :num "years :end)]
make "prob ageify :prob
ifelse match [^ !who:personp ^end s age #] :prob ~
       [make "subj sentence :who :end] [make "subj "someone]
make "prob agepron :prob
make "end :prob
make "ages []
while [match [^ !who:personp ^beg age #end] :end] ~
      [push "ages (sentence "and :who :beg "age)]
make "ages butfirst reduce "sentence remdup :ages
while [match [^beg their ages #end] :prob] [make "prob (sentence :beg :ages :end)]
make "simsen map [agesen ?] bracket :prob
end

to ageify :sent
if emptyp :sent [output []]
if not personp first :sent [output fput first :sent ageify butfirst :sent]
catch "error [if equalp first butfirst :sent "s
                 [output fput first :sent ageify butfirst :sent]]
output (sentence first :sent [s age] ageify butfirst :sent)
end

to agepron :sent
if emptyp :sent [output []]
if not pronoun first :sent [output fput first :sent agepron butfirst :sent]
if posspro first :sent [output (sentence :subj "s agepron butfirst :sent)]
output (sentence :subj [s age] agepron butfirst :sent)
end

to agesen :sent
local [when rest num]
make "when []
if match [in !num years #rest] :sent ~
   [make "when sentence "pluss :num make "sent :rest]
if match [!num years ago #rest] :sent ~
   [make "when sentence "minuss :num make "sent :rest]
output agewhen :sent
end

to agewhen :sent
if emptyp :sent [output []]
if not equalp first :sent "age [output fput first :sent agewhen butfirst :sent]
if match [in !num years #rest] butfirst :sent ~
   [output (sentence [age pluss] :num agewhen :rest)]
if match [!num years ago #rest] butfirst :sent ~
   [output (sentence [age minuss] :num agewhen :rest)]
if equalp "now first butfirst :sent ~
   [output sentence "age agewhen butfirst butfirst :sent]
output (sentence "age :when agewhen butfirst :sent)
end

;; Translation from sentences into equations

to senform :sent
make "lasteqn senform1 :sent
output :lasteqn
end

to senform1 :sent
local [one two verb1 verb2 stuff1 stuff2 factor]
if emptyp :sent [output []]
if match [^ what are ^one and ^two !:dlm] :sent ~
   [output fput (qset :one) (senform (sentence [what are] :two "?))]
if match [^ what !:in [is are] #one !:dlm] :sent ~
   [output (list qset :one)]
if match [^ howm !one is #two !:dlm] :sent ~
   [push "aunits (list :one) output (list qset :two)]
if match [^ howm ^one do ^two have !:dlm] :sent ~
   [output (list qset (sentence [the number of] :one :two "have))]
if match [^ howm ^one does ^two have !:dlm] :sent ~
   [output (list qset (sentence [the number of] :one :two "has))]
if match [^ find ^one and #two] :sent ~
   [output fput (qset :one) (senform sentence "find :two)]
if match [^ find #one !:dlm] :sent [output (list qset :one)]
make "sent filter [not article ?] :sent
if match [^one ismulby #two] :sent ~
   [push "ref (list "product opform :one opform :two) output []]
if match [^one isdivby #two] :sent ~
   [push "ref (list "quotient opform :one opform :two) output []]
if match [^one is increased by #two] :sent ~
   [push "ref (list "sum opform :one opform :two) output []]
if match [^one is #two] :sent ~
   [output (list (list "equal opform :one opform :two))]
if match [^one !verb1:verb ^factor as many ^stuff1 as
          ^two !verb2:verb ^stuff2 !:dlm] ~
         :sent ~
   [if emptyp :stuff2 [make "stuff2 :stuff1]
    output (list (list "equal ~
                   opform (sentence [the number of] :stuff1 :one :verb1) ~
                   opform (sentence :factor [the number of] :stuff2 :two :verb2)))]
if match [^one !verb1:verb !factor:numberp #stuff1 !:dlm] :sent ~
   [output (list (list "equal ~
                   opform (sentence [the number of] :stuff1 :one :verb1) ~
                   opform (list :factor)))]
say [This sentence form is not recognized:] :sent
throw "error
end

to qset :sent
localmake "opform opform filter [not article ?] :sent
if not operatorp first :opform ~
   [queue "wanted :opform queue "ans list :opform oprem :sent output []]
localmake "gensym gensym
queue "wanted :gensym
queue "ans list :gensym oprem :sent
output (list "equal :gensym opform (filter [not article ?] :sent))
end

to oprem :sent
output map [ifelse equalp ? "numof ["of] [?]] :sent
end

to opform :expr
local [left right op]
if match [^left !op:op2 #right] :expr [output optest :op :left :right]
if match [^left !op:op1 #right] :expr [output optest :op :left :right]
if match [^left !op:op0 #right] :expr [output optest :op :left :right]
if match [#left !:dlm] :expr [make "expr :left]
output nmtest filter [not article ?] :expr
end

to optest :op :left :right
output run (list (word "tst. :op) :left :right)
end

to tst.numof :left :right
if numberp last :left [output (list "product opform :left opform :right)]
output opform (sentence :left "of :right)
end

to tst.divby :left :right
output (list "quotient opform :left opform :right)
end

to tst.tothepower :left :right
output (list "expt opform :left opform :right)
end

to expt :num :pow
if :pow < 1 [output 1]
output :num * expt :num :pow - 1
end

to tst.per :left :right
output (list "quotient ~
          opform :left ~
          opform (ifelse numberp first :right [:right] [fput 1 :right]))
end

to tst.lessthan :left :right
output opdiff opform :right opform :left
end

to opdiff :left :right
output (list "sum :left (list "minus :right))
end

to tst.minus :left :right
if emptyp :left [output list "minus opform :right]
output opdiff opform :left opform :right
end

to tst.minuss :left :right
output tst.minus :left :right
end

to tst.sum :left :right
local [one two three]
if match [^one and ^two and #three] :right ~
   [output (list "sum opform :one opform (sentence "sum :two "and :three))]
if match [^one and #two] :right ~
   [output (list "sum opform :one opform :two)]
say [sum used wrong:] :right
throw "error
end

to tst.squared :left :right
output list "square opform :left
end

to tst.difference :left :right
local [one two]
if match [between ^one and #two] :right [output opdiff opform :one opform :two]
say [Incorrect use of difference:] :right
throw "error
end

to tst.plus :left :right
output (list "sum opform :left opform :right)
end

to tst.pluss :left :right
output tst.plus :left :right
end

to square :x
output :x * :x
end

to tst.square :left :right
output list "square opform :right
end

to tst.percent :left :right
if not numberp last :left ~
   [say [Incorrect use of percent:] :left throw "error]
output opform (sentence butlast :left ((last :left) / 100) :right)
end

to tst.perless :left :right
if not numberp last :left ~
   [say [Incorrect use of percent:] :left throw "error]
output (list "product ~
          (opform sentence butlast :left ((100 - (last :left)) / 100)) ~
          opform :right)
end

to tst.times :left :right
if emptyp :left [say [Incorrect use of times:] :right throw "error]
output (list "product opform :left opform :right)
end

to nmtest :expr
if match [& !:numberp #] :expr [say [argument error:] :expr throw "error]
if and (equalp first :expr 1) (1 < count :expr) ~
   [make "expr (sentence 1 plural (first butfirst :expr) (butfirst butfirst :expr))]
if and (numberp first :expr) (1 < count :expr) ~
   [push "units (list first butfirst :expr) ~
    output (list "product (first :expr) (opform butfirst :expr))]
if numberp first :expr [output first :expr]
if memberp "this :expr [output this :expr]
if not memberp :expr :var [push "var :expr]
output :expr
end

to this :expr
if not emptyp :ref [output pop "ref]
if not emptyp :lasteqn [output first butfirst last :lasteqn]
if equalp first :expr "this [make "expr butfirst :expr]
push "var :expr
output :expr
end

;; Solving the equations

to trysolve :shelf :wanted :units :aunits
local "solution
make "solution solve :wanted :shelf (ifelse emptyp :aunits [:units] [:aunits])
output pranswers :ans :solution
end

to solve :wanted :eqt :terms
output solve.reduce solver :wanted :terms [] [] "insufficient
end

to solve.reduce :soln
if emptyp :soln [output []]
if wordp :soln [output :soln]
if emptyp butfirst :soln [output :soln]
local "part
make "part solve.reduce butfirst :soln
output fput (list (first first :soln) (subord last first :soln :part)) :part
end

to solver :wanted :terms :alis :failed :err
local [one result restwant]
if emptyp :wanted [output :err]
make "one solve1 (first :wanted) ~
                 (sentence butfirst :wanted :failed :terms) ~
                 :alis :eqt [] "insufficient
if wordp :one ~
   [output solver (butfirst :wanted) :terms :alis (fput first :wanted :failed) :one]
make "restwant (sentence :failed butfirst :wanted)
if emptyp :restwant [output :one]
make "result solver :restwant :terms :one [] "insufficient
if listp :result [output :result]
output solver (butfirst :wanted) :terms :alis (fput first :wanted :failed) :one
end

to solve1 :x :terms :alis :eqns :failed :err
local [thiseq vars extras xterms others result]
if emptyp :eqns [output :err]
make "thiseq subord (first :eqns) :alis
make "vars varterms :thiseq
if not memberp :x :vars ~
   [output solve1 :x :terms :alis (butfirst :eqns) (fput first :eqns :failed) :err]
make "xterms fput :x :terms
make "extras setminus :vars :xterms
make "eqt remove (first :eqns) :eqt
if not emptyp :extras ~
   [make "others solver :extras :xterms :alis [] "insufficient
    ifelse wordp :others
           [make "eqt sentence :failed :eqns
            output solve1 :x :terms :alis (butfirst :eqns)
                      (fput first :eqns :failed) :others]
           [make "alis :others
            make "thiseq subord (first :eqns) :alis]]
make "result solveq :x :thiseq
if listp :result [output lput :result :alis]
make "eqt sentence :failed :eqns
output solve1 :x :terms :alis (butfirst :eqns) (fput first :eqns :failed) :result
end

to solveq :var :eqn
local [left right]
make "left first butfirst :eqn
ifelse occvar :var :left ~
   [make "right last :eqn] [make "right :left make "left last :eqn]
output solveq1 :left :right "true
end

to solveq1 :left :right :bothtest
if :bothtest [if occvar :var :right [output solveqboth :left :right]]
if equalp :left :var [output list :var :right]
if wordp :left [output "unsolvable]
local "oper
make "oper first :left
if memberp :oper [sum product minus quotient] [output run (list word "solveq. :oper)]
output "unsolvable
end

to solveqboth :left :right
if not equalp first :right "sum [output solveq1 (subterm :left :right) 0 "false]
output solveq.rplus :left butfirst :right []
end

to solveq.rplus :left :right :newright
if emptyp :right [output solveq1 :left (simone "sum :newright) "false]
if occvar :var first :right ~
   [output solveq.rplus (subterm :left first :right) butfirst :right :newright]
output solveq.rplus :left butfirst :right (fput first :right :newright)
end

to solveq.sum
if emptyp butfirst butfirst :left [output solveq1 first butfirst :left :right "true]
output solveq.sum1 butfirst :left :right []
end

to solveq.sum1 :left :right :newleft
if emptyp :left [output solveq.sum2]
if occvar :var first :left ~
   [output solveq.sum1 butfirst :left :right fput first :left :newleft]
output solveq.sum1 butfirst :left (subterm :right first :left) :newleft
end

to solveq.sum2
if emptyp butfirst :newleft [output solveq1 first :newleft :right "true]
localmake "factor factor :newleft :var
if equalp first :factor "unknown [output "unsolvable]
if equalp last :factor 0 [output "unsolvable]
output solveq1 first :factor (divterm :right last :factor) "true
end

to solveq.minus
output solveq1 (first butfirst :left) (minusin :right) "false
end

to solveq.product
output solveq.product1 :left :right
end

to solveq.product1 :left :right
if emptyp butfirst butfirst :left [output solveq1 (first butfirst :left) :right "true]
if not occvar :var first butfirst :left ~
   [output solveq.product1 (fput "product butfirst butfirst :left)
                           (divterm :right first butfirst :left)]
localmake "rest simone "product butfirst butfirst :left
if occvar :var :rest [output "unsolvable]
output solveq1 (first butfirst :left) (divterm :right :rest) "false
end

to solveq.quotient
if occvar :var first butfirst :left ~
   [output solveq1 (first butfirst :left) (simtimes list :right last :left) "true]
output solveq1 (simtimes list :right last :left) (first butfirst :left) "true
end

to denom :fract :addends
make "addends simplus :addends
localmake "den last :fract
if not equalp first :addends "quotient ~
   [output simdiv list (simone "sum
                               (remop "sum list (distribtimes (list :addends) :den)
                                                first butfirst :fract))
                       :den]
if equalp :den last :addends ~
   [output simdiv (simplus list (first butfirst :fract) (first butfirst :addends))
                  :den]
localmake "lowterms simdiv list :den last :addends
output simdiv list (simplus (simtimes list first butfirst :fract last :lowterms)
                            (simtimes list first butfirst :addends
                                           first butfirst :lowterms)) ~
                   (simtimes list first butfirst :lowterms last :addends)
end

to distribtimes :trms :multiplier
output simplus map [simtimes (list ? :multiplier)] :trms
end

to distribx :expr
local [oper args]
if emptyp :expr [output :expr]
make "oper first :expr
if not operatorp :oper [output :expr]
make "args map [distribx ?] butfirst :expr
if reduce "and map [numberp ?] :args [output run (sentence [(] :oper :args [)])]
if equalp :oper "sum [output simplus :args]
if equalp :oper "minus [output minusin first :args]
if equalp :oper "product [output simtimes :args]
if equalp :oper "quotient [output simdiv :args]
output fput :oper :args
end

to divterm :dividend :divisor
if equalp :dividend 0 [output 0]
output simdiv list :dividend :divisor
end

to factor :exprs :var
local "trms
make "trms map [factor1 :var ?] :exprs
if memberp "unknown :trms [output fput "unknown :exprs]
output list :var simplus :trms
end

to factor1 :var :expr
localmake "negvar minusin :var
if equalp :var :expr [output 1]
if equalp :negvar :expr [output -1]
if emptyp :expr [output "unknown]
if equalp first :expr "product [output factor2 butfirst :expr]
if not equalp first :expr "quotient [output "unknown]
localmake "dividend first butfirst :expr
if equalp :var :dividend [output (list "quotient 1 last :expr)]
if not equalp first :dividend "product [output "unknown]
localmake "result factor2 butfirst :dividend
if equalp :result "unknown [output "unknown]
output (list "quotient :result last :expr)
end

to factor2 :trms
if memberp :var :trms [output simone "product (remove :var :trms)]
if memberp :negvar :trms [output minusin simone "product (remove :negvar :trms)]
output "unknown
end

to maybeadd :num :rest
if equalp :num 0 [output :rest]
output fput :num :rest
end

to maybemul :num :rest
if equalp :num 1 [output :rest]
output fput :num :rest
end

to minusin :expr
if emptyp :expr [output -1]
if equalp first :expr "sum [output fput "sum map [minusin ?] butfirst :expr]
if equalp first :expr "minus [output last :expr]
if memberp first :expr [product quotient] ~
   [output fput first :expr
                (fput (minusin first butfirst :expr) butfirst butfirst :expr)]
if numberp :expr [output minus :expr]
output list "minus :expr
end

to occvar :var :expr
if emptyp :expr [output "false]
if wordp :expr [output equalp :var :expr]
if operatorp first :expr [output not emptyp find [occvar :var ?] butfirst :expr]
output equalp :var :expr
end

to remfactor :num :den
foreach butfirst :num [remfactor1 ?]
output (list "quotient (simone "product butfirst :num) (simone "product butfirst :den))
end

to remfactor1 :expr
local "neg
if memberp :expr :den ~
   [make "num remove :expr :num  make "den remove :expr :den  stop]
make "neg minusin :expr
if not memberp :neg :den [stop]
make "num remove :expr :num
make "den minusin remove :neg :den
end

to remop :oper :exprs
output map.se [ifelse equalp first ? :oper [butfirst ?] [(list ?)]] :exprs
end

to simdiv :list
local [num den numop denop]
make "num first :list
make "den last :list
if equalp :num :den [output 1]
if numberp :den [output simtimes (list (quotient 1 :den) :num)]
make "numop first :num
make "denop first :den
if equalp :numop "quotient ~
   [output simdiv list (first butfirst :num) (simtimes list last :num :den)]
if equalp :denop "quotient ~
   [output simdiv list (simtimes list :num last :den) (first butfirst :den)]
if and equalp :numop "product equalp :denop "product [output remfactor :num :den]
if and equalp :numop "product memberp :den :num [output remove :den :num]
output fput "quotient :list
end

to simone :oper :trms
if emptyp :trms [output ifelse equalp :oper "product [1] [0]]
if emptyp butfirst :trms [output first :trms]
output fput :oper :trms
end

to simplus :exprs
make "exprs remop "sum :exprs
localmake "factor [unknown]
catch "simplus ~
      [foreach :terms ~
               [make "factor (factor :exprs ?) ~
                if not equalp first :factor "unknown [throw "simplus]]]
if not equalp first :factor "unknown [output fput "product remop "product :factor]
localmake "nums 0
localmake "nonnums []
localmake "quick []
catch "simplus [simplus1 :exprs]
if not emptyp :quick [output :quick]
if not equalp :nums 0 [push "nonnums :nums]
output simone "sum :nonnums
end

to simplus1 :exprs
if emptyp :exprs [stop]
simplus2 first :exprs
simplus1 butfirst :exprs
end

to simplus2 :pos
local "neg
make "neg minusin :pos
if numberp :pos [make "nums sum :pos :nums stop]
if memberp :neg butfirst :exprs [make "exprs remove :neg :exprs stop]
if equalp first :pos "quotient ~
   [make "quick (denom :pos (maybeadd :nums sentence :nonnums butfirst :exprs)) ~
    throw "simplus]
push "nonnums :pos
end

to simtimes :exprs
local [nums nonnums quick]
make "nums 1
make "nonnums []
make "quick []
catch "simtimes [foreach remop "product :exprs [simtimes1 ?]]
if not emptyp :quick [output :quick]
if equalp :nums 0 [output 0]
if not equalp :nums 1 [push "nonnums :nums]
output simone "product :nonnums
end

to simtimes1 :expr
if equalp :expr 0 [make "nums 0 throw "simtimes]
if numberp :expr [make "nums product :expr :nums stop]
if equalp first :expr "sum ~
   [make "quick distribtimes (butfirst :expr)
                             (simone "product maybemul :nums sentence :nonnums ?rest)
    throw "simtimes]
if equalp first :expr "quotient ~
   [make "quick
          simdiv (list (simtimes (list (first butfirst :expr)
                                       (simone "product
                                               maybemul :nums
                                                        sentence :nonnums ?rest)))
                       (last :expr))
    throw "simtimes]
push "nonnums :expr
end

to subord :expr :alist
output distribx subord1 :expr :alist
end

to subord1 :expr :alist
if emptyp :alist [output :expr]
output subord (substop (last first :alist) (first first :alist) :expr) ~
              (butfirst :alist)
end

to substop :val :var :expr
if emptyp :expr [output []]
if equalp :expr :var [output :val]
if not operatorp first :expr [output :expr]
output fput first :expr map [substop :val :var ?] butfirst :expr
end

to subterm :minuend :subtrahend
if equalp :minuend 0 [output minusin :subtrahend]
if equalp :minuend :subtrahend [output 0]
output simplus (list :minuend minusin :subtrahend)
end

to varterms :expr
if emptyp :expr [output []]
if numberp :expr [output []]
if wordp :expr [output (list :expr)]
if operatorp first :expr [output map.se [varterms ?] butfirst :expr]
output (list :expr)
end

;; Printing the solutions

to pranswers :ans :solution
print []
if equalp :solution "unsolvable ~
   [print [Unable to solve this set of equations.] output "false]
if equalp :solution "insufficient ~
   [print [The equations were insufficient to find a solution.] output "false]
localmake "gotall "true
foreach :ans [if prans ? :solution [make "gotall "false]]
if not :gotall [print [] print [Unable to solve this set of equations.]]
output :gotall
end

to prans :ans :solution
localmake "result find [equalp first ? first :ans] :solution
if emptyp :result [output "true]
print (sentence cap last :ans "is unitstring last :result)
print []
output "false
end

to unitstring :expr
if numberp :expr [output roundoff :expr]
if equalp first :expr "product ~
   [output sentence (unitstring first butfirst :expr)
                    (reduce "sentence butfirst butfirst :expr)]
if (and (listp :expr)
         (not numberp first :expr)
         (not operatorp first :expr)) ~
   [output (sentence 1 (singular first :expr) (butfirst :expr))]
output :expr
end

to roundoff :num
if (abs (:num - round :num)) < 0.0001 [output round :num]
output :num
end

to abs :num
output ifelse (:num < 0) [-:num] [:num]
end

;; Using known relationships

to geteqns :vars
output map.se [gprop varkey ? "eqns] :vars
end

to varkey :var
local "word
if match [number of !word #] :var [output :word]
output first :var
end

;; Assuming equality of similar variables

to vartest :vars
if emptyp :vars [output []]
local [var beg end]
make "var first :vars
output (sentence (ifelse match [^beg !:pronoun #end] :var
                         [vartest1 :var (sentence :beg "& :end) butfirst :vars]
                         [[]])
                 (vartest1 :var (sentence "# :var "#) butfirst :vars)
                 (vartest butfirst :vars))
end

to vartest1 :target :pat :vars
output map [varequal :target ?] filter [match :pat ?] :vars
end

to varequal :target :var
print []
print [Assuming that]
print (sentence (list :target) [is equal to] (list :var))
output (list "equal :target :var)
end

;; Optional substitutions

to tryidiom
make "prob (sentence :beg last :idiom :end)
while [match (sentence "^beg first :idiom "#end) :prob] ~
      [make "prob (sentence :beg last :idiom :end)]
say [The problem with an idiomatic substitution is] :prob
student1 :prob (remove :idiom :idioms)
end

;; Utility procedures

to qword :word
output memberp :word [find what howm how]
end

to dlm :word
output memberp :word [. ? |;|]
end

to article :word
output memberp :word [a an the]
end

to verb :word
output memberp :word [have has get gets weigh weighs]
end

to personp :word
output memberp :word [Mary Ann Bill Tom Sally Frank father uncle]
end

to pronoun :word
output memberp :word [he she it him her they them his her its]
end

to posspro :word
output memberp :word [his her its]
end

to op0 :word
output memberp :word [pluss minuss squared tothepower per sum difference numof]
end

to op1 :word
output memberp :word [times divby square]
end

to op2 :word
output memberp :word [plus minus lessthan percent perless]
end

to operatorp :word
output memberp :word [sum minus product quotient expt square equal]
end

to plural :word
localmake "plural gprop :word "plural
if not emptyp :plural [output :plural]
if not emptyp gprop :word "sing [output :word]
if equalp last :word "s [output :word]
output word :word "s
end

to singular :word
localmake "sing gprop :word "sing
if not emptyp :sing [output :sing]
if not emptyp gprop :word "plural [output :word]
if equalp last :word "s [output butlast :word]
output :word
end

to setminus :big :little
output filter [not memberp ? :little] :big
end

to say :herald :text
print []
print :herald
print []
print :text
print []
end

to lsay :herald :text
print []
print :herald
print []
foreach :text [print cap ? print []]
end

to cap :sent
if emptyp :sent [output []]
output sentence (word uppercase first first :sent butfirst first :sent) ~
                butfirst :sent
end

;; The pattern matcher

to match :pat :sen
if prematch :pat :sen [output rmatch :pat :sen]
output "false
end

to prematch :pat :sen
if emptyp :pat [output "true]
if listp first :pat [output prematch butfirst :pat :sen]
if memberp first first :pat [! @ # ^ & ?] [output prematch butfirst :pat :sen]
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
localmake "rest member first :pat :sen
if not emptyp :rest [output prematch butfirst :pat :rest]
output "false
end

to rmatch :pat :sen
local [special.var special.pred special.buffer in.list]
if or wordp :pat wordp :sen [output "false]
if emptyp :pat [output emptyp :sen]
if listp first :pat [output special fput "!: :pat :sen]
if memberp first first :pat [? # ! & @ ^] [output special :pat :sen]
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if equalp first :pat first :sen [output rmatch butfirst :pat butfirst :sen]
output "false
end

to special :pat :sen
set.special parse.special butfirst first :pat "
output run word "match first first :pat
end

to parse.special :word :var
if emptyp :word [output list :var "always]
if equalp first :word ": [output list :var butfirst :word]
output parse.special butfirst :word word :var first :word
end

to set.special :list
make "special.var first :list
make "special.pred last :list
if emptyp :special.var [make "special.var "special.buffer]
if memberp :special.pred [in anyof] [set.in]
if not emptyp :special.pred [stop]
make "special.pred first butfirst :pat
make "pat fput first :pat butfirst butfirst :pat
end

to set.in
make "in.list first butfirst :pat
make "pat fput first :pat butfirst butfirst :pat
end

to match!
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if not try.pred [output "false]
make :special.var first :sen
output rmatch butfirst :pat butfirst :sen
end

to match?
make :special.var []
if emptyp :sen [output rmatch butfirst :pat :sen]
if not try.pred [output rmatch butfirst :pat :sen]
make :special.var first :sen
if rmatch butfirst :pat butfirst :sen [output "true]
make :special.var []
output rmatch butfirst :pat :sen
end

to match#
make :special.var []
output #test #gather :sen
end

to #gather :sen
if emptyp :sen [output :sen]
if not try.pred [output :sen]
make :special.var lput first :sen thing :special.var
output #gather butfirst :sen
end

to #test :sen
if rmatch butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output #test2 fput last thing :special.var :sen
end

to #test2 :sen
make :special.var butlast thing :special.var
output #test :sen
end

to match&
output &test match#
end

to &test :tf
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output :tf
end

to match^
make :special.var []
output ^test :sen
end

to ^test :sen
if rmatch butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if not try.pred [output "false]
make :special.var lput first :sen thing :special.var
output ^test butfirst :sen
end

to match@
make :special.var :sen
output @test []
end

to @test :sen
if @try.pred [if rmatch butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]]
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output @test2 fput last thing :special.var :sen
end

to @test2 :sen
make :special.var butlast thing :special.var
output @test :sen
end

to try.pred
if listp :special.pred [output rmatch :special.pred first :sen]
output run list :special.pred quoted first :sen
end

to quoted :thing
if listp :thing [output :thing]
output word "" :thing
end

to @try.pred
if listp :special.pred [output rmatch :special.pred thing :special.var]
output run list :special.pred thing :special.var
end

to always :x
output "true
end

to in :word
output memberp :word :in.list
end

to anyof :sen
output anyof1 :sen :in.list
end

to anyof1 :sen :pats
if emptyp :pats [output "false]
if rmatch first :pats :sen [output "true]
output anyof1 :sen butfirst :pats
end

;; Sample word problems

make "ann [Mary is twice as old as Ann was when Mary was as old as Ann is now.
  If Mary is 24 years old, how old is Ann?]
make "guns [The number of soldiers the Russians have is
  one half of the number of guns they have. They have 7000 guns.
  How many soldiers do they have?]
make "jet [The distance from New York to Los Angeles is 3000 miles.
  If the average speed of a jet plane is 600 miles per hour,
  find the time it takes to travel from New York to Los Angeles by jet.]
make "nums [A number is multiplied by 6 . This product is increased by 44 .
  This result is 68 . Find the number.]
make "radio [The price of a radio is $69.70.
  If this price is 15 percent less than the marked price, find the marked price.]
make "sally [The sum of Sally's share of some money and Frank's share is $4.50.
  Sally's share is twice Frank's. Find Frank's and Sally's share.]
make "ship [The gross weight of a ship is 20000 tons.
  If its net weight is 15000 tons, what is the weight of the ships cargo?]
make "span [If 1 span is 9 inches, and 1 fathom is 6 feet,
  how many spans is 1 fathom?]
make "sumtwo [The sum of two numbers is 96,
  and one number is 16 larger than the other number. Find the two numbers.]
make "tom [If the number of customers Tom gets is
  twice the square of 20 per cent of the number of advertisements he runs,
  and the number of advertisements he runs is 45,
  what is the number of customers Tom gets?]
make "uncle [Bill's father's uncle is twice as old as Bill's father.
  2 years from now Bill's father will be 3 times as old as Bill.
  The sum of their ages is 92 . Find Bill's age.]

;; Initial data base

pprop "distance "eqns ~
  [[equal [distance] [product [speed] [time]]]
   [equal [distance] [product [gas consumtion] [number of gallons of gas used]]]]
pprop "feet "eqns ~
  [[equal [product 1 [feet]] [product 12 [inches]]]
   [equal [product 1 [yards]] [product 3 [feet]]]]
pprop "feet "sing "foot
pprop "foot "plural "feet
pprop "gallons "eqns ~
  [[equal [distance] [product [gas consumtion] [number of gallons of gas used]]]]
pprop "gas "eqns ~
  [[equal [distance] [product [gas consumtion] [number of gallons of gas used]]]]
pprop "inch "plural "inches
pprop "inches "eqns [[equal [product 1 [feet]] [product 12 [inches]]]]
pprop "people "sing "person
pprop "person "plural "people
pprop "speed "eqns [[equal [distance] [product [speed] [time]]]]
pprop "time "eqns [[equal [distance] [product [speed] [time]]]]
pprop "yards "eqns [[equal [product 1 [yards]] [product 3 [feet]]]]
ucblogo-6.1/csls/streams0000664000175000017500000000407113557147341013473 0ustar  jjcjjc; Implementation of SICP streams (lazy-evaluation lists) in Logo.

; Since we don't have special forms, we put the second argument to STREAM
; in a (quoted) list.

; Since we don't have lexical scope, we use substitution (`) into saved
; expressions.

to stream :car :delayed.cdr
output fput :car (list "*delayed* :delayed.cdr)
end

to head :stream
output first :stream
end

to tail :stream
if emptyp bf :stream [output []]
if not equalp first bf :stream "*delayed* [output bf :stream]
localmake "result run last :stream
.setbf :stream :result
output :result
end

; higher order functions for streams

; Remember that if the functional argument uses local variables, it has to
; be backquoted.

to stream.map :fun [:streams] 2
if emptyp first :streams [output []]
output stream apply :fun firsts :streams ~
           `[(apply "stream.map fput ,[quoted :fun] (map "tail ,[:streams]))]
end

to stream.filter :fun :stream
if emptyp :stream [output []]
if invoke :fun head :stream ~
  [output stream head :stream `[stream.filter ,[quoted :fun] tail ,[:stream]]]
output stream.filter :fun tail :stream
end

to flatten :stream.of.streams
if emptyp :stream.of.streams [output []]
output flatten1 head :stream.of.streams :stream.of.streams
end

to flatten1 :stream :delayed.more.streams
if emptyp :stream [output flatten tail :delayed.more.streams]
output stream (head :stream) ~
              `[flatten1 tail ,[:stream]
                         ,[:delayed.more.streams]]
end

; helper for debugging

to show.stream :stream [:num 10]
show show.stream1 :stream :num
end

to show.stream1 :stream :num
if emptyp :stream [output []]
if equalp :num 0 [output [...]]
output fput head :stream (show.stream1 tail :stream :num-1)
end

; examples

to integers.from :n
output stream :n `[integers.from ,[:n+1]]
end

make "integers integers.from 1

to sieve :stream
output stream (head :stream) ~
              `[sieve stream.filter [not divisiblep ? ,[head :stream]]
                                    tail ,[:stream]]
end

to divisiblep :big :small
output 0 = remainder :big :small
end

make "primes sieve tail :integers
ucblogo-6.1/csls/solitaire0000664000175000017500000002363613557147341014020 0ustar  jjcjjcto solitaire
print [Welcome to solitaire]
instruct
localmake "allranks [A 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K]
localmake "numranks map "ranknum :allranks
localmake "suits [H S D C]
localmake "reds [H D]
localmake "deckarray (listtoarray (crossmap "word :allranks :suits) 0)
localmake "upping "false
catch "exit [forever [onegame cleartext]]
cleartext
end

to s
solitaire
end

to onegame
print [Shuffling, please wait...]
local [card cards digit pile where]
localmake "onto []
local map [word "top ?] :suits
local cascade 9 [(sentence (word "shown #) (word "hidden #) ?)] []
localmake "ranks :allranks
localmake "numstacks 7
local map [word "num ?] :numranks
foreach :numranks [make word "num ? 4]
localmake "hand shuffle 52 :deckarray
setempty "pile
initstacks
foreach :suits [settop ? "]
redisplay
catch "endgame [forever [catch "bell [parsecmd]]]
end

;; Initialization

to instruct 
print [] print [Here are the commands you can type:]
type "|    | type (sentence standout "+ standout "=)
type "|  | print [Deal three cards onto pile]
instruct1 "P [Play top card from pile]
instruct1 "R [Redisplay the board]
instruct1 "? [Retype these instructions]
instruct1 "card [Play that card]
instruct1 "M [Move same card again]
instruct1 "W [Play up as much as possible (Win)]
instruct1 "G [Give up (start a new game)]
instruct1 "X [Exit to Logo]
print [A card consists of a rank:]
type "|   | print (sentence standout [A 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K]
                            "or standout "T [for 10])
print [followed by a suit:]
type "|   | print standout [H S D C]
print (sentence [or followed by] standout ".
                [to play all possible suits up])
print [] print [If you make a mistake, hit delete or backspace.]
print [] print [To move an entire stack,]
type "|   | print [hit the shifted stack number:]
type "|     | print (sentence standout [! @ # $ % ^ &] [for stacks])
type "|     | print [1 2 3 4 5 6 7]
print []
end

to instruct1 :key :meaning
type "|    |
type standout :key
repeat 5-count :key [type "| |]
print :meaning
end

to shuffle :len :array
if :len=0 [output arraytolist :array]
localmake "choice random :len
localmake "temp item :choice :array
setitem :choice :array (item :len-1 :array)
setitem :len-1 :array :temp
output shuffle :len-1 :array
end

to initstacks
for [num 1 7] [inithidden :num
               turnup :num]
end

to inithidden :num
localmake "name hidden :num
setempty :name
repeat :num [push :name deal]
end

;; Reading and interpreting user commands

to parsecmd
if emptyp :digit [setcursor [1 22] type "|      | setcursor [1 22]]
local "char
make "char uppercase readchar
if equalp :char "T [parsedigit 1 parsezero stop]
if memberp :char [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A J Q K] [parsedigit :char stop]
if equalp :char "0 [parsezero stop]
if memberp :char :suits [play.by.name :char stop]
if equalp :char ". [allup stop]
if equalp :char "W [wingame stop]
if equalp :char "M [again stop]
if memberp :char [+ =] [hand3 stop]
if equalp :char "R [redisplay stop]
if equalp :char "? [helper stop]
if equalp :char "P [playpile stop]
if and equalp :char "|(| not emptyp :digit [cheat stop]
if and equalp :char "|)| not emptyp :digit [newstack stop]
if memberp :char [! @ # $ % ^ & * ( )] ~
   [playstack :char [! @ # $ % ^ & * ( )] stop]
if memberp :char (list "| | char 8 char 127) [rubout stop]
if equalp :char "G [throw "endgame]
if equalp :char "X [throw "exit]
bell
end

to parsedigit :char
if not emptyp :digit [bell]
make "digit :char
type :digit
end

to parsezero 
if not equalp :digit 1 [bell]
make "digit 10
type 0
end

to rubout 
setcursor [1 22]
type "|    |
setcursor [1 22]
setempty "digit
end

to bell
if not :upping [type char 7]
setempty "digit
throw "bell
end

;; Deal three cards from the hand

to hand3 
if not emptyp :digit [bell]
if and emptyp :hand emptyp :pile [bell]
push "pile deal
repeat 2 [if not emptyp :hand [push "pile deal]]
dispile dishand
end

to deal 
if emptyp :hand [make "hand reverse :pile setempty "pile]
if emptyp :hand [output []]
output pop "hand
end

;; Select card to play by position (pile or stack) or by name

to playpile 
if emptyp :pile [bell]
if not emptyp :digit [bell]
make "card first :pile
make "where [rempile]
carddis :card
playcard
end

to playstack :which :list
if not emptyp :digit [bell]
foreach :list [if equalp :which ? [playstack1 # stop]]
end

to playstack1 :num
if greaterp :num :numstacks [bell]
if stackemptyp shown :num [bell]
make "card last thing shown :num
make "where sentence "remshown :num
carddis :card
playcard
end

to play.by.name :char
if emptyp :digit [bell]
if equalp :digit 1 [make "digit "a]
type :char
wait 0
make "card word :digit :char
setempty "digit
findcard
if not emptyp :where [playcard]
end

to findcard 
if findpile [stop]
make "where findshown
if emptyp :where [bell]
end

to findpile 
if emptyp :pile [output "false]
if equalp :card first :pile [make "where [rempile] output "true]
output "false
end

to findshown
for [num 1 :numstacks] ~
    [if memberp :card thing shown :num [output sentence "remshown :num]]
output []
end

;; Figure out all possible places to play card, then pick one

to playcard
setempty "onto
if not coveredp [checktop]
if and not :upping ~
       or (emptyp :onto) (not upsafep rank :card) ~
   [checkonto]
if emptyp :onto [bell]
run :where
run first :onto
end

to coveredp 
if equalp :where [rempile] [output "false]
output not equalp :card first thing shown last :where
end

to upsafep :rank
if memberp :rank [A 2] [output "true]
output equalp 0 thing word "num ((ranknum :rank)-2)
end

to checktop 
if (ranknum rank :card) = 1 + (ranknum top suit :card) ~
   [push "onto (list "playtop word "" suit :card)]
end

to checkonto
for [num :numstacks 1] ~
    [ifelse stackemptyp shown :num
            [checkempty :num]
            [checkfull :num thing shown :num]]
end

to checkempty :num
if equalp rank :card "k [push "onto (list "playonto :num)]
end

to checkfull :num :stack
if equalp (redp :card) (redp first :stack) [stop]
if ((ranknum rank first :stack) = 1 + (ranknum rank :card)) ~
   [push "onto (list "playonto :num)]
end

;; Play card, step 1: remove from old position

to rempile 
make "cards (list (pop "pile))
dispile
end

to remshown :num
setempty "cards
remshown1 :num (count thing shown :num)
if stackemptyp shown :num [turnup :num disstack :num]
end

to remshown1 :num :length
do.until [push "cards (pop shown :num)] ~
         [equalp :card first :cards]
for [i 1 [count :cards]] ~
    [setcursor list (5*:num - 4) (5+:length-:i) type "|   |]
end

to turnup :num
setempty shown :num
if stackemptyp hidden :num [stop]
push (shown :num) (pop hidden :num)
end

;; Play card, step 2: put in new position 

to playtop :suit
localmake "var word "num ranknum rank :card
settop :suit rank :card
distop :suit
make :var (thing :var)-1
if (thing :var)=0 [make "ranks butfirst :ranks]
end

to playonto :num
localmake "row 4+count thing shown :num
localmake "col 5*:num-4
for [i 1 [count :cards]] ~
    [localmake "card pop "cards
     push (shown :num) :card
     setcursor list :col :row+:i
     carddis :card]
end

;; Update screen display

to redisplay 
cleartext
for [num 1 :numstacks] [disstack :num]
foreach :suits "distop
dispile
dishand
setcursor [1 22]
setempty "digit
end

to disstack :num
setcursor list (-3 + 5 * :num) 4
type ifelse stackemptyp hidden :num ["| |] ["-]
if stackemptyp shown :num [setcursor list (-4 + 5 * :num) 5
                           type "|   | stop]
localmake "stack (thing shown :num)
localmake "col 5*:num-4
for [i [count :stack] 1] ~
    [setcursor list :col :i+4
     carddis pop "stack]
end

to distop :suit
if emptyp top :suit [stop]
if equalp :suit "H [distop1 4 stop]
if equalp :suit "S [distop1 11 stop]
if equalp :suit "D [distop1 18 stop]
distop1 25
end

to distop1 :col
setcursor list :col 2
carddis word (top :suit) :suit
end

to dispile 
setcursor [32 23]
ifelse emptyp :pile [type "|   |] [carddis first :pile]
end

to dishand 
setcursor [27 23]
type count :hand
type "| |
end

to carddis :card
ifelse memberp suit :card :reds [redtype :card] [blacktype :card]
type "| |
end

to redtype :word
type :word
end

to blacktype :word
type standout :word
end


;; Miscellaneous user commands

to again
if not emptyp :digit [bell]
if emptyp :onto [bell]
make "where list "remshown last pop "onto
if emptyp :onto [bell]
carddis :card
run :where
run first :onto
end

to helper
cleartext 
instruct
print standout [type any key to continue]
ignore rc
redisplay
end

to allup
if emptyp :digit [bell]
if equalp :digit 1 [make "digit "a]
localmake "upping "true
type ". wait 0
foreach map [word :digit ?] [H S D C] ~
        [catch "bell [make "card ?
                      findcard
                      if not emptyp :where [playcard]]]
setempty "digit
end

to wingame
type "W
localmake "cursor cursor
foreach :ranks [if not upsafep ? [stop]
                make "digit ? ~
                allup ~
                setempty "digit ~
                setcursor :cursor]
if equalp (map "top [H S D C]) [K K K K] ~
   [ct print [you win!] wait 120 throw "endgame]
end

to newstack
localmake "num :numstacks+1
setcursor [1 22] type "|   |
if not equalp :digit 9 [bell]
setempty hidden :num
setempty shown :num
make "numstacks :num
setempty "digit
end

to cheat 
setcursor [1 22] type "|   |
if not equalp :digit 8 [bell]
if and emptyp :hand emptyp :pile [bell]
push "pile deal
dispile
dishand
setempty "digit
end

;; Data abstraction (ranks)

to rank :card
output butlast :card
end

to ranknum :rank
if emptyp :rank [output 0]
if numberp :rank [output :rank]
if :rank = "A [output 1]
if :rank = "J [output 11]
if :rank = "Q [output 12]
if :rank = "K [output 13]
end

;; Data abstraction (suits)

to suit :card
output last :card
end

to redp :card
output memberp (suit :card) :reds
end

;; Data abstraction (tops)

to top :suit
output thing word "top :suit
end

to settop :suit :value
make (word "top :suit) :value
end

;; Data abstraction (card stacks)

to shown :num
output word "shown :num
end

to hidden :num
output word "hidden :num
end

;; Data abstraction (pushdown stacks)

to stackemptyp :name
output emptyp thing :name
end

to setempty :stack
make :stack []
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/psort0000664000175000017500000000400713557147341013163 0ustar  jjcjjcprogram psort;
 {partition sort demo}

var data: array [0..100] of integer;
    i: integer;

procedure showdata;
 {print the array}

  var i: integer;

  begin {showdata}
    for i := 0 to 99 do
      begin
        if i mod 20 = 0 then writeln;
        write(data[i]:3)
      end;
    writeln;
    writeln
  end; {showdata}

function median(lower,upper:integer):integer;
  {find the median of three values from the data array}
  var mid: integer;

  begin
    mid := (lower+upper) div 2;
    if (data[lower] <= data[mid]) and (data[mid] <= data[upper]) then
      median := mid
    else if (data[lower] >= data[mid]) and
            (data[mid] >= data[upper]) then
      median := mid
    else if (data[mid] <= data[lower]) and
            (data[lower] <= data[upper]) then
      median := lower
    else if (data[mid] >= data[lower]) and
            (data[lower] >= data[upper]) then
      median := lower
    else median := upper
  end;

procedure sort(lower,upper:integer);
 {sort part of the array}

  var key,i,j:integer;

  procedure exch(var a,b:integer);
   {exchange two integers}

    var temp:integer;

    begin {exch}
      temp := a;
      a := b;
      b := temp
    end; {exch}

  begin {sort}
    if upper > lower then
      begin
        exch (data[lower],data[median(lower,upper)]);
        key := data[lower];
        i := lower;
        j := upper+1;
        repeat
          i := i+1
        until data[i] >= key;
        repeat
          j := j-1
        until data[j] <= key;
        while (i <= j) do
          begin
            exch(data[i], data[j]);
            repeat
              i := i+1
            until data[i] >= key;
            repeat
              j := j-1
            until data[j] <= key
          end;
        exch(data[lower], data[j]);
        sort(lower,j-1);
        sort(i,upper)
      end
  end; {sort}

begin {main program}
  data[100] := 200;
  for i := 0 to 99 do
    data[i] := random(100);
  writeln('Data before sorting:');
  showdata;

  sort(0,99);
  writeln('Data after sorting:');
  showdata
end.
ucblogo-6.1/csls/pour0000664000175000017500000000553613557147341013011 0ustar  jjcjjc;; Initialization

to pour :sizes :goal
local [oldstates pitchers won]
make "oldstates (list all.empty :sizes)
make "pitchers fput 0 (map [#] :sizes)
make "won "false
win breadth.first make.path [] all.empty :sizes
end

to all.empty :list
output map [0] :list
end

;; Tree search

to breadth.first :root
op breadth.descend (list :root)
end

to breadth.descend :queue
if emptyp :queue [output []]
if :won [output last :queue]
op breadth.descend sentence (butfirst :queue) ~
                            (children first :queue)
end

;; Generate children

to children :path
output map.se [children1 :path ?] :pitchers
end

to children1 :path :from
output map.se [child :path :from ?] :pitchers
end

to child :path :from :to
local [state newstate]
if :won [output []]
if equalp :from :to [output []]
make "state path.state :path
if not riverp :from ~
   [if equalp (water :from) 0 [output []]]
if not riverp :to ~
   [if equalp (water :to) (size :to) [output []]]
make "newstate (newstate :state :from :to)
if memberp :newstate :oldstates [output []]
make "oldstates fput :newstate :oldstates
if memberp :goal :newstate [make "won "true]
output (list make.path (fput list :from :to path.moves :path) :newstate)
end

to newstate :state :from :to
if riverp :to [output replace :state :from 0]
if riverp :from [output replace :state :to (size :to)]
if (water :from) < (room :to) ~
   [output replace2 :state ~
                    :from 0 ~
                    :to ((water :from)+(water :to))]
output replace2 :state ~
                :from ((water :from)-(room :to)) ~
                :to (size :to)
end

;; Printing the result

to win :path
if emptyp :path [print [Can't do it!] stop]
foreach (reverse path.moves :path) "win1
print sentence [Final quantities are] (path.state :path)
end

to win1 :move
print (sentence [Pour from] (printform first :move)
                [to] (printform last :move))
end

to printform :pitcher
if riverp :pitcher [output "river]
output size :pitcher
end

;; Path data abstraction

to make.path :moves :state
output fput :moves :state
end

to path.moves :path
output first :path
end

to path.state :path
output butfirst :path
end

;; Pitcher data abstraction

to riverp :pitcher
output equalp :pitcher 0
end

to size :pitcher
output item :pitcher :sizes
end

to water :pitcher
output item :pitcher :state
end

to room :pitcher
output (size :pitcher)-(water :pitcher)
end

;; List processing utilities

to replace :list :index :value
if equalp :index 1 [output fput :value butfirst :list]
output fput first :list (replace butfirst :list :index-1 :value)
end

to replace2 :list :index1 :value1 :index2 :value2
if equalp :index1 1 ~
   [output fput :value1 replace butfirst :list :index2-1 :value2]
if equalp :index2 1 ~
   [output fput :value2 replace butfirst :list :index1-1 :value1]
output fput first :list ~
            replace2 butfirst :list :index1-1 :value1 :index2-1 :value2
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/poker0000664000175000017500000000306213557147341013134 0ustar  jjcjjcto pokerhand :cards
local [ranks suits rankarray]
poker.init :cards
if fourp [print [four of a kind] stop]
if full.housep [print [full house] stop]
if threep [print [three of a kind] stop]
if pairp [print ifelse paircount = 1 [[one pair]] [[two pairs]] stop]
if ace.highp [print ifelse flushp [[royal flush]] [[straight]] stop]
if straightp [print ifelse flushp [[straight flush]] [[straight]] stop]
if flushp [print [flush] stop]
print [nothing!]
end

to poker.init :cards
make "ranks map [ranknum butlast ?] :cards
make "suits remdup map "last :cards
make "rankarray {0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0}
foreach :ranks [setitem ? :rankarray (item ? :rankarray)+1]
end

to ranknum :rank
if :rank = "a [output 1]
if :rank = "j [output 11]
if :rank = "q [output 12]
if :rank = "k [output 13]
output :rank
end

to fourp
output memberp 4 :rankarray
end

to threep
output memberp 3 :rankarray
end

to pairp
output memberp 2 :rankarray
end

to full.housep
output and threep pairp
end

to paircount
output count locate 2 1
end

to locate :number :index
if :index > 13 [output []]
if (item :index :rankarray) = :number ~
   [output fput :index (locate :number :index+1)]
output locate :number :index+1
end

to flushp
output emptyp butfirst :suits
end

to straightp
output nogap (reduce "min :ranks) 5
end

to min :a :b
output ifelse :a < :b [:a] [:b]
end

to nogap :smallest :howmany
if :howmany=0 [output "true]
if not equalp (item :smallest :rankarray) 1 [output "false]
output nogap :smallest+1 :howmany-1
end

to ace.highp
if not equalp (item 1 :rankarray) 1 [output "false]
output nogap 10 4
end

ucblogo-6.1/csls/plot0000664000175000017500000000164013557147341012772 0ustar  jjcjjcto plot :inputs
keyword :inputs [maxharm 5 deltax 2 yscale 75 cycles 1 xrange 230 skip 2]
localmake "xscale :cycles*180/:xrange
splitscreen clearscreen hideturtle penup
setpos list (-:xrange) 0
pendown
for [x :deltax [2*:xrange] :deltax] ~
    [setpos list (xcor+:deltax) (:yscale * series :maxharm)]
end

;; Compute the Fourier series values

to series :harmonic
if :harmonic < 1 [output 0]
output (term :harmonic)+(series :harmonic-:skip)
end

to term :harmonic
output (sin :xscale * :harmonic * :x) / :harmonic
end

;; Handle keyword inputs

.macro keyword :inputs :defaults
if or (wordp :inputs) (numberp first :inputs) ~
   [make "inputs sentence (first :defaults) :inputs]
output `[local ,[filter [not numberp ?] :defaults]
         setup.values ,[:defaults]
         setup.values ,[:inputs]]
end

to setup.values :list
if emptyp :list [stop]
make first :list first butfirst :list
setup.values butfirst butfirst :list
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/playfair0000664000175000017500000000403313557147341013622 0ustar  jjcjjcto playfair :keyword :message
local [matrix a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z]
setkeyword jtoi lowercase :keyword
output encode (reduce "word :message)
end

;; Prepare the code array

to setkeyword :word
make "matrix reorder word :word (remove :word "abcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz)
make "j :i
end

to remove :letters :string
if emptyp :string [output "]
if memberp first :string :letters [output remove :letters bf :string]
output word first :string remove :letters bf :string
end

to reorder :string
output reorder1 :string (mdarray [5 5]) 1 1
end

to reorder1 :string :array :row :column
if :row=6 [output :array]
if :column=6 [output reorder1 :string :array :row+1 1]
mdsetitem (list :row :column) :array first :string
make first :string (list :row :column)
output reorder1 (butfirst :string) :array :row :column+1
end

;; Encode the message

to encode :message
if emptyp :message [output "]
if emptyp butfirst :message [output paircode first :message "q]
if equalp (jtoi first :message) (jtoi first butfirst :message) ~
   [output word (paircode first :message "q) (encode butfirst :message)]
output word (paircode first :message first butfirst :message) ~
            (encode butfirst butfirst :message)
end

to paircode :one :two
local [row1 column1 row2 column2]
make "row1 first thing :one
make "column1 last thing :one
make "row2 first thing :two
make "column2 last thing :two
if :row1 = :row2 ~
   [output letters (list :row1 rotate (:column1+1)) ~
                   (list :row1 rotate (:column2+1))]
if :column1 = :column2 ~
   [output letters (list rotate (:row1+1) :column1)  ~
                   (list rotate (:row2+1) :column1)]
output letters (list :row1 :column2) (list :row2 :column1)
end

to rotate :index
output ifelse :index = 6 [1] [:index]
end

to letters :one :two
output word letter :one letter :two
end

to letter :rowcol
output itoj mditem :rowcol :matrix
end

;; I and J conversion

to jtoi :word
output map [ifelse equalp ? "j ["i] [?]] :word
end

to itoj :letter
if :letter = "i [if (random 3) = 0 [output "j]]
output :letter
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/pascal0000664000175000017500000007265713557147341013277 0ustar  jjcjjcto compile :file
if namep "peekchar [ern "peekchar]
if namep "peektoken [ern "peektoken]
if not namep "idlist [opsetup]
if not emptyp :file [openread :file]
setread :file
ignore error
catch "error [program]
localmake "error error
if not emptyp :error [print first butfirst :error]
setread []
if not emptyp :file [close :file]
end

;; Global setup

to opsetup
make "numregs 32
make "memsize 3000
pprop "|=| "binary [eql 2 [boolean []] 1]
pprop "|<>| "binary [neq 2 [boolean []] 1]
pprop "|<| "binary [less 2 [boolean []] 1]
pprop "|>| "binary [gtr 2 [boolean []] 1]
pprop "|<=| "binary [leq 2 [boolean []] 1]
pprop "|>=| "binary [geq 2 [boolean []] 1]
pprop "|+| "binary [add 2 [[] []] 2]
pprop "|-| "binary [sub 2 [[] []] 2]
pprop "or "binary [lor 2 [boolean boolean] 2]
pprop "|*| "binary [mul 2 [[] []] 3]
pprop "|/| "binary [quo 2 [real []] 3]
pprop "div "binary [div 2 [integer integer] 3]
pprop "mod "binary [rem 2 [integer integer] 3]
pprop "and "binary [land 2 [boolean boolean] 3]
pprop "|+| "unary [plus 1 [[] []] 4]
pprop "|-| "unary [minus 1 [[] []] 4]
pprop "not "unary [lnot 1 [boolean boolean] 4]
make "idlist `[[trunc function int [1 ,[framesize.fun+1]]]
               [round function round [1 ,[framesize.fun+1]]]
               [random function random [1 ,[framesize.fun+1]]]]
make "int [integer real]
make "round [integer real]
make "random [integer integer]
end

;; Block structure

to program
mustbe "program
localmake "progname token
ifbe "|(| [ignore commalist [id]  mustbe "|)|]
mustbe "|;|
localmake "lexical.depth 0
localmake "namesused []
localmake "needint "false
localmake "needround "false
localmake "needrandom "false
localmake "idlist :idlist
localmake "frame [0 0]
localmake "id (list :progname "program (newlname :progname) :frame)
push "idlist :id
localmake "codeinto word "% :progname
make :codeinto []
localmake "framesize framesize.proc
program1
mustbe ".
code [exit]
foreach [int round random] "plibrary
make :codeinto reverse thing :codeinto
end

to program1
localmake "regsused (array :numregs 0)
for [i reg.firstfree :numregs-1] [setitem :i :regsused "false]
ifbe "var [varpart]
.setfirst butfirst :frame :framesize
if :lexical.depth = 0 [code (list "add reg.globalptr reg.zero reg.zero)
                       code (list "add reg.frameptr reg.zero reg.zero)
                       code (list "addi reg.stackptr reg.zero :framesize)]
localmake "bodytag gensym
code (list "jump (word "" :bodytag))
tryprocpart
code :bodytag
mustbe "begin
blockbody "end
end

to plibrary :func
if not thing (word "need :func) [stop]
code :func
code (list "rload reg.firstfree (memaddr framesize.fun reg.frameptr))
code (list (word "s :func) reg.retval reg.firstfree)
code (list "add reg.stackptr reg.frameptr reg.zero)
code (list "rload reg.frameptr (memaddr frame.prevframe reg.stackptr))
code (list "jr reg.retaddr)
end

;; Variable declarations

to varpart
local [token namelist type]
make "token token
make "peektoken :token
if reservedp :token [stop]
vargroup
foreach :namelist [newvar ? :type]
mustbe "|;|
varpart
end

to vargroup
make "namelist commalist [id]
mustbe ":
ifbe "packed []
make "type token
ifelse equalp :type "array [make "type arraytype] [typecheck :type]
end

to id
local "token
make "token token
if letterp ascii first :token [output :token]
make "peektoken :token
output []
end

to arraytype
local [ranges type]
mustbe "|[|
make "ranges commalist [range]
mustbe "|]|
mustbe "of
make "type token
typecheck :type
output list :type :ranges
end

to range
local [first last]
make "first range1
mustbe "..
make "last range1
if :first > :last ~  
   [(throw "error (sentence [array bounds not increasing:]
                            :first ".. :last))]
output list :first (1 + :last - :first)
end

to range1
local "bound
make "bound token
if equalp first :bound "' [output ascii first butfirst :bound]
if equalp :bound "|-| [make "bound minus token]
if equalp :bound int :bound [output :bound]
(throw "error sentence [array bound not ordinal:] :bound)
end

to typecheck :type
if memberp :type [real integer char boolean] [stop]
(throw "error sentence [undefined type] :type)
end

to newvar :pname :type
if reservedp :pname [(throw "error sentence :pname [reserved word])]
push "idlist (list :pname :type (list :lexical.depth :framesize) "false)
make "framesize :framesize + ifelse listp :type [arraysize :type] [1]
end

to arraysize :type
output reduce "product map [last ?] last :type
end

;; Procedure and function declarations

to tryprocpart
ifbeelse "procedure ~
         [procedure tryprocpart] ~
         [ifbe "function [function tryprocpart]]
end

to procedure
proc1 "procedure framesize.proc
end

to function
proc1 "function framesize.fun
end

to proc1 :proctype :framesize
localmake "procname token
localmake "lexical.depth :lexical.depth+1
localmake "frame (list :lexical.depth 0)
push "idlist (list :procname :proctype (newlname :procname) :frame)
localmake "idlist :idlist
make lname :procname []
ifbe "|(| [arglist]
if equalp :proctype "function ~
   [mustbe ":
    localmake "type token
    typecheck :type
    make lname :procname fput :type thing lname :procname]
mustbe "|;|
code lname :procname
code (list "store reg.retaddr (memaddr frame.retaddr reg.frameptr))
program1
if equalp :proctype "function ~
   [code (list "rload reg.retval (memaddr frame.retval reg.frameptr))]
code (list "rload reg.retaddr (memaddr frame.retaddr reg.frameptr))
code (list "add reg.stackptr reg.frameptr reg.zero)
code (list "rload reg.frameptr (memaddr frame.prevframe reg.stackptr))
code (list "jr reg.retaddr)
mustbe "|;|
end

to arglist
local [token namelist type varflag]
make "varflag "false
ifbe "var [make "varflag "true]
vargroup
foreach :namelist [newarg ? :type :varflag]
ifbeelse "|;| [arglist] [mustbe "|)|]
end

to newarg :pname :type :varflag
if reservedp :pname [(throw "error sentence :pname [reserved word])]
localmake "pointer (list :lexical.depth :framesize)
push "idlist (list :pname :type :pointer :varflag)
make "framesize :framesize + ifelse (and listp :type not :varflag) ~
                                    [arraysize :type] [1]
queue lname :procname ifelse :varflag [list "var :type] [:type]
end

;; Statement part

to blockbody :endword
statement
ifbeelse "|;| [blockbody :endword] [mustbe :endword]
end

to statement
local [token type]
ifbe "begin [compound stop]
ifbe "for [pfor stop]
ifbe "if [pif stop]
ifbe "while [pwhile stop]
ifbe "repeat [prepeat stop]
ifbe "write [pwrite stop]
ifbe "writeln [pwriteln stop]
make "token token
make "peektoken :token
if memberp :token [|;| end until] [stop]
make "type gettype :token
if emptyp :type [(throw "error sentence :token [can't begin statement])]
if equalp :type "procedure [pproccall stop]
if equalp :type "function [pfunset stop]
passign
end

;; Compound statement

to compound
blockbody "end
end

;; Structured statements

to pfor
local [var init step final looptag endtag testreg]
make "var token
mustbe "|:=|
make "init pinteger pexpr
make "step 1
ifbeelse "downto [make "step -1] [mustbe "to]
make "final pinteger pexpr
mustbe "do
make "looptag gensym
make "endtag gensym
code :looptag
localmake "id getid :var
codestore :init (id.pointer :id) (id.varp :id) 0
make "testreg newregister
code (list (ifelse :step<0 ["less] ["gtr]) :testreg :init :final)
code (list "jumpt :testreg (word "" :endtag))
regfree :testreg
statement
code (list "addi :init :init :step)
code (list "jump (word "" :looptag))
code :endtag
regfree :init
regfree :final
end

to prepeat
local [cond looptag]
make "looptag gensym
code :looptag
blockbody "until
make "cond pboolean pexpr
code (list "jumpf :cond (word "" :looptag))
regfree :cond
end

to pif
local [cond elsetag endtag]
make "cond pboolean pexpr
make "elsetag gensym
make "endtag gensym
mustbe "then
code (list "jumpf :cond (word "" :elsetag))
regfree :cond
statement
code (list "jump (word "" :endtag))
code :elsetag
ifbe "else [statement]
code :endtag
end

to pwhile
local [cond looptag endtag]
make "looptag gensym
make "endtag gensym
code :looptag
make "cond pboolean pexpr
code (list "jumpf :cond (word "" :endtag))
regfree :cond
mustbe "do
statement
code (list "jump (word "" :looptag))
code :endtag
end

;; Simple statements: write and writeln

to pwrite
mustbe "|(|
pwrite1
end

to pwrite1
pwrite2
ifbe "|)| [stop]
ifbeelse ", [pwrite1] [(throw "error [missing comma])]
end

to pwrite2
localmake "result pwrite3
ifbe ": [.setfirst (butfirst :result) token]
code :result
if not equalp first :result "putstr [regfree last :result]
end

to pwrite3
localmake "token token
if equalp first :token "' ~
   [output (list "putstr 1 (list butlast butfirst :token))]
make "peektoken :token
localmake "result pexpr
if equalp first :result "char [output (list "putch 1 pchar :result)]
if equalp first :result "boolean [output (list "puttf 1 pboolean :result)]
if equalp first :result "integer [output (list "putint 10 pinteger :result)]
output (list "putreal 20 preal :result)
end

to pwriteln
ifbe "|(| [pwrite1]
code [newline]
end

;; Simple statements: procedure call

to pproccall
localmake "pname token
localmake "id getid :pname
localmake "lname id.lname :id
localmake "vartypes thing :lname
pproccall1 framesize.proc
end

to pproccall1 :offset
code (list "store reg.newfp (memaddr frame.save.newfp reg.stackptr))
code (list "add reg.newfp reg.stackptr reg.zero)
code (list "addi reg.stackptr reg.stackptr (last id.frame :id))
code (list "store reg.frameptr (memaddr frame.prevframe reg.newfp))
localmake "newdepth first id.frame :id
ifelse :newdepth > :lexical.depth ~
       [code (list "store reg.frameptr
                   (memaddr frame.outerframe reg.newfp))] ~
       [localmake "tempreg newregister
        code (list "rload :tempreg (memaddr frame.outerframe reg.frameptr))
        repeat (:lexical.depth - :newdepth)
               [code (list "rload :tempreg 
                           (memaddr frame.outerframe :tempreg))]
        code (list "store :tempreg (memaddr frame.outerframe reg.newfp))
        regfree :tempreg]
if not emptyp :vartypes [mustbe "|(|  procargs :vartypes :offset]
for [i reg.firstfree :numregs-1] ~
    [if item :i :regsused
        [code (list "store :i (memaddr frame.regsave+:i reg.frameptr))]]
code (list "add reg.frameptr reg.newfp reg.zero)
code (list "rload reg.newfp (memaddr frame.save.newfp reg.frameptr))
code (list "jal reg.retaddr (word "" :lname))
for [i reg.firstfree :numregs-1] ~
    [if item :i :regsused
        [code (list "rload :i (memaddr frame.regsave+:i reg.frameptr))]]
end

to procargs :types :offset
if emptyp :types [mustbe "|)|  stop]
localmake "next procarg first :types :offset
if not emptyp butfirst :types [mustbe ",]
procargs butfirst :types :offset+:next
end

to procarg :type :offset
local "result
if equalp first :type "var [output procvararg last :type]
if listp :type [output procarrayarg :type]
make "result check.type :type pexpr
code (list "store :result (memaddr :offset reg.newfp))
regfree :result
output 1
end

to procvararg :ftype
local [pname id type index]
make "pname token
make "id getid :pname
make "type id.type :id
ifelse wordp :ftype ~
       [setindex "true] ~
       [make "index 0]
if not equalp :type :ftype ~
   [(throw "error sentence :pname [arg wrong type])]
localmake "target memsetup (id.pointer :id) (id.varp :id) :index
localmake "tempreg newregister
code (list "addi :tempreg (last :target) (first :target))
code (list "store :tempreg (memaddr :offset reg.newfp))
regfree last :target
regfree :tempreg
output 1
end

to procarrayarg :type
localmake "pname token
localmake "id getid :pname
if not equalp :type (id.type :id) ~
   [(throw "error (sentence "array :pname [wrong type for arg]))]
localmake "size arraysize :type
localmake "rtarget memsetup (id.pointer :id) (id.varp :id) 0
localmake "pointreg newregister
code (list "addi :pointreg reg.newfp :offset)
localmake "ltarget (list 0 :pointreg)
copyarray
output :size
end

;; Simple statements: assignment statement (including function value)

to passign
local [name id type index value pointer target]
make "name token
make "index []
ifbe "|[| [make "index commalist [pexpr] mustbe "|]|]
mustbe "|:=|
make "id getid :name
make "pointer id.pointer :id
make "type id.type :id
passign1
end

to pfunset
local [name id type index value pointer target]
make "name token
make "index []
if not equalp :name :procname ~
   [(throw "error sentence [assign to wrong function] :name)]
mustbe "|:=|
make "pointer (list :lexical.depth frame.retval)
make "type first thing lname :name
make "id (list :name :type :pointer "false)
passign1
end

to passign1
if and (listp :type) (emptyp :index) [parrayassign :id  stop]
setindex "false
make "value check.type :type pexpr
codestore :value (id.pointer :id) (id.varp :id) :index
regfree :value
end

to noimmediate :value
if equalp exp.mode :value "immediate ~
   [localmake "reg newregister
    code (list "addi :reg reg.zero exp.value :value)
    output (list exp.type :value "register :reg)]
output :value
end

to check.type :type :result
if equalp :type "real [output preal :result]
if equalp :type "integer [output pinteger :result]
if equalp :type "char [output pchar :result]
if equalp :type "boolean [output pboolean :result]
end

to preal :expr [:pval noimmediate :expr]
if equalp exp.type :pval "real [output exp.value :pval]
output pinteger :pval
end

to pinteger :expr [:pval noimmediate :expr]
local "type
make "type exp.type :pval
if memberp :type [integer boolean char] [output exp.value :pval]
(throw "error sentence exp.type :pval [isn't ordinal])
end

to pchar :expr [:pval noimmediate :expr]
if equalp exp.type :pval "char [output exp.value :pval]
(throw "error sentence exp.type :pval [not character value])
end

to pboolean :expr [:pval noimmediate :expr]
if equalp exp.type :pval "boolean [output exp.value :pval]
(throw "error sentence exp.type :pval [not true or false])
end

to parrayassign :id
localmake "right token
if equalp first :right "' ~
   [pstringassign :type (butlast butfirst :right)  stop]
localmake "rid getid :right
if not equalp (id.type :id) (id.type :rid) ~
   [(throw "error (sentence "arrays :name "and :right [unequal types]))]
localmake "size arraysize id.type :id
localmake "ltarget memsetup (id.pointer :id) (id.varp :id) 0
localmake "rtarget memsetup (id.pointer :rid) (id.varp :rid) 0
copyarray
end

to pstringassign :type :string
if not equalp first :type "char [stringlose]
if not emptyp butfirst last :type [stringlose]
if not equalp (last first last :type) (count :string) [stringlose]
localmake "ltarget memsetup (id.pointer :id) (id.varp :id) 0
pstringassign1 newregister (first :ltarget) (last :ltarget) :string
regfree last :ltarget
end

to pstringassign1 :tempreg :offset :reg :string
if emptyp :string [regfree :tempreg  stop]
code (list "addi :tempreg reg.zero ascii first :string)
code (list "store :tempreg (memaddr :offset :reg))
pstringassign1 :tempreg :offset+1 :reg (butfirst :string)
end

to stringlose
(throw "error sentence :name [not string array or wrong size])
end

;; Multiple array indices to linear index computation

to setindex :parseflag
ifelse listp :type ~
       [if :parseflag
           [mustbe "|[|  make "index commalist [pexpr]  mustbe "|]| ]
        make "index lindex last :type :index
        make "type first :type] ~
       [make "index 0]
end

to lindex :bounds :index
output lindex1 (offset pinteger noimmediate first :index
                       first first :bounds) ~
               butfirst :bounds butfirst :index
end

to lindex1 :sofar :bounds :index
if emptyp :bounds [output :sofar]
output lindex1 (nextindex :sofar
                          last first :bounds
                          pinteger noimmediate first :index
                          first first :bounds) ~
               butfirst :bounds butfirst :index
end

to nextindex :old :factor :new :offset
code (list "muli :old :old :factor)
localmake "newreg offset :new :offset
code (list "add :old :old :newreg)
regfree :newreg
output :old
end

to offset :indexreg :lowbound
if not equalp :lowbound 0 [code (list "subi :indexreg :indexreg :lowbound)]
output :indexreg
end

;; Memory interface: load and store instructions

to codeload :reg :pointer :varflag :index
localmake "target memsetup :pointer :varflag :index
code (list "rload :reg targetaddr)
regfree last :target
end

to codestore :reg :pointer :varflag :index
localmake "target memsetup :pointer :varflag :index
code (list "store :reg targetaddr)
regfree last :target
end

to targetaddr
output memaddr (first :target) (last :target)
end

to memaddr :offset :index
output (word :offset "\( :index "\))
end

to memsetup :pointer :varflag :index
localmake "depth first :pointer
localmake "offset last :pointer
local "newreg
ifelse equalp :depth 0 ~
       [make "newreg reg.globalptr] ~
       [ifelse equalp :depth :lexical.depth
               [make "newreg reg.frameptr]
               [make "newreg newregister
                code (list "rload :newreg
                           (memaddr frame.outerframe reg.frameptr))
                repeat (:lexical.depth - :depth) - 1
                       [code (list "rload :newreg
                                   (memaddr frame.outerframe :newreg))]]]
if :varflag ~
   [ifelse :newreg = reg.frameptr
           [make "newreg newregister
            code (list "rload :newreg (memaddr :offset reg.frameptr))]
           [code (list "rload :newreg (memaddr :offset :newreg))]
    make "offset 0]
if not equalp :index 0 ~
   [code (list "add :index :index :newreg)
    regfree :newreg
    make "newreg :index]
output list :offset :newreg
end

to copyarray
localmake "looptag gensym
localmake "sizereg newregister
code (list "addi :sizereg reg.zero :size)
code :looptag
localmake "tempreg newregister
code (list "rload :tempreg (memaddr (first :rtarget) (last :rtarget)))
code (list "store :tempreg (memaddr (first :ltarget) (last :ltarget)))
code (list "addi (last :rtarget) (last :rtarget) 1)
code (list "addi (last :ltarget) (last :ltarget) 1)
code (list "subi :sizereg :sizereg 1)
code (list "gtr :tempreg :sizereg reg.zero)
code (list "jumpt :tempreg (word "" :looptag))
regfree :sizereg
regfree :tempreg
regfree last :ltarget
regfree last :rtarget
end

;; Expressions

to pexpr
local [opstack datastack parenlevel]
make "opstack [[popen 1 0]]
make "datastack []
make "parenlevel 0
output pexpr1
end

to pexpr1
local [token op]
make "token token
while [equalp :token "|(|] [popen  make "token token]
make "op pgetunary :token
if not emptyp :op [output pexprop :op]
push "datastack pdata :token
make "token token
while [and (:parenlevel > 0) (equalp :token "|)| )] ~
      [pclose  make "token token]
make "op pgetbinary :token
if not emptyp :op [output pexprop :op]
make "peektoken :token
pclose
if not emptyp :opstack [(throw "error [too many operators])]
if not emptyp butfirst :datastack [(throw "error [too many operands])]
output pop "datastack
end

to pexprop :op
while [(op.prec :op) < (1 + op.prec first :opstack)] [ppopop]
push "opstack :op
output pexpr1
end

to popen
push "opstack [popen 1 0]
make "parenlevel :parenlevel + 1
end

to pclose
while [(op.prec first :opstack) > 0] [ppopop]
ignore pop "opstack
make "parenlevel :parenlevel - 1
end

to pgetunary :token
output gprop :token "unary
end

to pgetbinary :token
output gprop :token "binary
end

to ppopop
local [op function args left right type reg]
make "op pop "opstack
make "function op.instr :op
if equalp :function "plus [stop]
make "args op.nargs :op
make "right pop "datastack
make "left (ifelse equalp :args 2 [pop "datastack] [[[] []]])
make "type pnewtype :op exp.type :left exp.type :right
if equalp exp.mode :left "immediate ~
   [localmake "leftreg newregister
    code (list "addi :leftreg reg.zero exp.value :left)
    make "left (list exp.type :left "register :leftreg)]
ifelse equalp exp.mode :left "register ~
       [make "reg exp.value :left] ~
       [ifelse equalp exp.mode :right "register
               [make "reg exp.value :right]
               [make "reg newregister]]
if equalp :function "minus ~
   [make "left (list exp.type :right "register reg.zero)
    make "function "sub
    make "args 2]
if equalp exp.mode :right "immediate ~
   [make "function word :function "i]
ifelse equalp :args 2 ~
       [code (list :function :reg exp.value :left exp.value :right)] ~
       [code (list :function :reg exp.value :right)]
if not equalp :reg exp.value :left [regfree exp.value :left]
if (and (equalp exp.mode :right "register)
        (not equalp :reg exp.value :right)) ~
   [regfree exp.value :right]
push "datastack (list :type "register :reg)
end

to pnewtype :op :ltype :rtype
local "type
make "type op.types :op
if emptyp :ltype [make "ltype :rtype]
if not emptyp last :type [pchecktype last :type :ltype :rtype]
if and (equalp :ltype "real) (equalp :rtype "integer) [make "rtype "real]
if and (equalp :ltype "integer) (equalp :rtype "real) [make "ltype "real]
if not equalp :ltype :rtype [(throw "error [type clash])]
if emptyp last :type ~
   [if not memberp :rtype [integer real]
       [(throw "error [nonarithmetic type])]]
if emptyp first :type [output :rtype]
output first :type
end

to pchecktype :want :left :right
if not equalp :want :left [(throw "error (sentence :left "isn't :want))]
if not equalp :want :right [(throw "error (sentence :right "isn't :want))]
end

;; Expression elements

to pdata :token
if equalp :token "true [output [boolean immediate 1]]
if equalp :token "false [output [boolean immediate 0]]
if equalp first :token "' [output pchardata :token]
if numberp :token [output (list numtype :token "immediate :token)]
localmake "id getid :token
if emptyp :id [(throw "error sentence [undefined symbol] :token)]
localmake "type id.type :id
if equalp :type "function [output pfuncall :token]
local "index
setindex "true
localmake "reg newregister
codeload :reg (id.pointer :id) (id.varp :id) :index
output (list :type "register :reg)
end

to pchardata :token
if not equalp count :token 3 ~
   [(throw "error sentence :token [not single character])]
output (list "char "immediate ascii first butfirst :token)
end

to numtype :number
if memberp ". :number [output "real]
if memberp "e :number [output "real]
output "integer
end

to pfuncall :pname
localmake "id getid :pname
localmake "lname id.lname :id
if namep (word "need :lname) [make (word "need :lname) "true]
localmake "vartypes thing :lname
localmake "returntype first :vartypes
make "vartypes butfirst :vartypes
pproccall1 framesize.fun
localmake "reg newregister
code (list "add :reg reg.retval reg.zero)
output (list :returntype "register :reg)
end

;; Parsing assistance

to code :stuff
if emptyp :stuff [stop]
push :codeinto :stuff
end

to commalist :test [:sofar []]
local [result token]
make "result run :test
if emptyp :result [output :sofar]
ifbe ", [output (commalist :test (lput :result :sofar))]
output lput :result :sofar
end

.macro ifbe :wanted :action
localmake "token token
if equalp :token :wanted [output :action]
make "peektoken :token
output []
end

.macro ifbeelse :wanted :action :else
localmake "token token
if equalp :token :wanted [output :action]
make "peektoken :token
output :else
end

to mustbe :wanted
localmake "token token
if equalp :token :wanted [stop]
(throw "error (sentence "expected :wanted "got :token))
end

to newregister
for [i reg.firstfree :numregs-1] ~
    [if not item :i :regsused [setitem :i :regsused "true  output :i]]
(throw "error [not enough registers available])
end

to regfree :reg
setitem :reg :regsused "false
end

to reservedp :word
output memberp :word [and array begin case const div do downto else end ~
                      file for forward function goto if in label mod nil ~
                      not of packed procedure program record repeat set ~
                      then to type until var while with]
end

;; Lexical analysis

to token
local [token char]
if namep "peektoken [make "token :peektoken
                     ern "peektoken   output :token]
make "char getchar
if equalp :char "|{| [skipcomment output token]
if equalp :char char 32 [output token]
if equalp :char char 13 [output token]
if equalp :char char 10 [output token]
if equalp :char "' [output string "']
if memberp :char [+ - * / = ( , ) |[| |]| |;|] [output :char]
if equalp :char "|<| [output twochar "|<| [= >]]
if equalp :char "|>| [output twochar "|>| [=]]
if equalp :char ". [output twochar ". [.]]
if equalp :char ": [output twochar ": [=]]
if numberp :char [output number :char]
if letterp ascii :char [output token1 lowercase :char]
(throw "error sentence [unrecognized character:] :char)
end

to skipcomment
if equalp getchar "|}| [stop]
skipcomment
end

to string :string
local "char
make "char getchar
if not equalp :char "' [output string word :string :char]
make "char getchar
if equalp :char "' [output string word :string :char]
make "peekchar :char
output word :string "'
end

to twochar :old :ok
localmake "char getchar
if memberp :char :ok [output word :old :char]
make "peekchar :char
output :old
end

to number :num
local "char
make "char getchar
if equalp :char ". ~
   [make "char getchar ~
    ifelse equalp :char ". ~
           [make "peektoken ".. output :num] ~
           [make "peekchar :char output number word :num ".]]
if equalp :char "e [output number word :num twochar "e [+ -]]
if numberp :char [output number word :num :char]
make "peekchar :char
output :num
end

to token1 :token
local "char
make "char getchar
if or letterp ascii :char numberp :char ~
   [output token1 word :token lowercase :char]
make "peekchar :char
output :token
end

to letterp :code
if and (:code > 64) (:code < 91) [output "true]
output and (:code > 96) (:code < 123)
end

to getchar
local "char
if namep "peekchar [make "char :peekchar  ern "peekchar  output :char]
if eofp [output char 1]
output rc1
end

to rc1
local "result
make "result readchar
type :result
output :result
end

;; Data abstraction: ID List

to newlname :word
if memberp :word :namesused [output gensym]
if namep word "% :word [output gensym]
push "namesused :word
output word "% :word
end

to lname :word
local "result
make "result getid :word
if not emptyp :result [output item 3 :result]
(throw "error sentence [unrecognized identifier] :word)
end

to gettype :word
local "result
make "result getid :word
if not emptyp :result [output item 2 :result]
(throw "error sentence [unrecognized identifier] :word)
end

to getid :word [:list :idlist]
if emptyp :list [output []]
if equalp :word first first :list [output first :list]
output (getid :word butfirst :list)
end

to id.type :id
output item 2 :id
end

to id.pointer :id
output item 3 :id
end

to id.lname :id
output item 3 :id
end

to id.varp :id
output item 4 :id
end

to id.frame :id
output item 4 :id
end

;; Data abstraction: Frame slots

to frame.retaddr
output 0
end

to frame.save.newfp
output 1
end

to frame.outerframe
output 2
end

to frame.prevframe
output 3
end

to frame.regsave
output 4
end

to framesize.proc
output 4+:numregs
end

to frame.retval
output 4+:numregs
end

to framesize.fun
output 5+:numregs
end

;; Data abstraction: Operators

to op.instr :op
output first :op
end

to op.nargs :op
output first bf :op
end

to op.types :op
output item 3 :op
end

to op.prec :op
output last :op
end

;; Data abstraction: Expressions

to exp.type :exp
output first :exp
end

to exp.mode :exp
output first butfirst :exp
end

to exp.value :exp
output last :exp
end

;; Data abstraction: Registers

to reg.zero
output 0
end

to reg.retaddr
output 1
end

to reg.stackptr
output 2
end

to reg.globalptr
output 3
end

to reg.frameptr
output 4
end

to reg.newfp
output 5
end

to reg.retval
output 6
end

to reg.firstfree
output 7
end

;; Runtime (machine simulation)

to prun :progname
localmake "prog thing word "% :progname
localmake "regs (array :numregs 0)
local filter "wordp :prog
foreach :prog [if wordp ? [make ? ?rest]]
localmake "memory (array :memsize 0)
setitem 0 :regs 0
if not procedurep "add [runsetup]
prun1 :prog
end

to prun1 :pc
if emptyp :pc [stop]
if listp first :pc [run first :pc]
prun1 butfirst :pc
end

to rload :reg :offset :index
setitem :reg :regs (item (item :index :regs)+:offset :memory)
end

to store :reg :offset :index
setitem (item :index :regs)+:offset :memory (item :reg :regs)
end

to runsetup
foreach [[add sum] [sub difference] [mul product] [quo quotient]
         [div [int quotient]] [rem remainder] [land product]
         [lor [tobool lessp 0 sum]] [eql [tobool equalp]]
         [neq [tobool not equalp]] [less [tobool lessp]]
         [gtr [tobool greaterp]] [leq [tobool not greaterp]]
         [geq [tobool not lessp]]] ~
        [define first ?
                `[[dest src1 src2]
                  [setitem :dest :regs ,@[last ?] (item :src1 :regs)
                                                  (item :src2 :regs)]]
         define word first ? "i
                `[[dest src1 immed]
                  [setitem :dest :regs ,@[last ?] (item :src1 :regs)
                                                  :immed]]]
foreach [[lnot [difference 1]] [sint int] [sround round] [srandom random]] ~
        [define first ?
                `[[dest src]
                  [setitem :dest :regs ,@[last ?] (item :src :regs)]]
         define word first ? "i
                `[[dest immed]
                  [setitem :dest :regs ,@[last ?] :immed]]]
end

to tobool :tf
output ifelse :tf [1] [0]
end

to jump :label
make "pc fput :label thing :label
end

to jumpt :reg :label
if (item :reg :regs)=1 [jump :label]
end

to jumpf :reg :label
if (item :reg :regs)=0 [jump :label]
end

to jr :reg
make "pc item :reg :regs
end

to jal :reg :label
setitem :reg :regs :pc
jump :label
end

to putch :width :reg
spaces :width 1
type char (item :reg :regs)
end

to putstr :width :string
spaces :width (count first :string)
type :string
end

to puttf :width :bool
spaces :width 1
type ifelse (item :bool :regs)=0 ["F] ["T]
end

to putint :width :reg
localmake "num (item :reg :regs)
spaces :width count :num
type :num
end

to putreal :width :reg
putint :width :reg
end

to spaces :width :count
if :width > :count [repeat :width - :count [type "| |]]
end

to newline
print []
end

to exit
make "pc [exit]
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/multi0000664000175000017500000000122213557147341013142 0ustar  jjcjjcprogram multi;
 {Multinomial expansion problem}

var memo: array [0..4, 0..7] of integer;
   i,j:  integer;

function t(n,k:integer) : integer;

  function realt(n,k:integer) : integer;
   {without memoization}

    begin {realt}
      if k = 0 then
        realt := 1
      else
        if n = 0 then
          realt := 0
        else
          realt := t(n,k-1)+t(n-1,k)
    end; {realt}

  begin {t}
    if memo[n,k] < 0 then
      memo[n,k] := realt(n,k);
    t := memo[n,k]
  end; {t}

begin {main program}
  {initialization}
  for i := 0 to 4 do
    for j := 0 to 7 do
      memo[i,j] := -1;

  {How many terms in (a+b+c+d)^7?}
  writeln(t(4,7));
end.
ucblogo-6.1/csls/mines0000664000175000017500000003356613557147341013143 0ustar  jjcjjc;  Minesweeper game

;  Mouse clicks call HIT procedure

;  Main data structure: array of arrays, e.g.,
;      (ITEM (ITEM STATUS 3) 5) for row 3 column 5.
;  Values are: HIDDEN (tan square),
;              FLAGGED (flagged as a mine),
;              SHOWN (open, non-mine, shows number of mined neighbors),
;              BORDER (just outside of actual playing field).
;  Notice that a FLAGGED square might not really be a mine.
;  (Player can make mistakes!)
;  Actual mines are listed in MINES (list of [row col] lists).

cslsload "buttons

to mines
if :LogoPlatform = "Windows [maximize.window "true]
localmake "inference "false
localmake "newnmines 100
localmake "newsize 15
localmake "halfsize 10
localmake "squaresize 2*:halfsize
localmake "maxxmax :halfsize*15*2
localmake "maxymax :halfsize*15
localmake "sizechoice 3
localmake "hardchoice 2
localmake "sizes [5 10 15]
localmake "hardness [38.1 44.45 59.26]
localmake "windows ifelse :LogoPlatform="Windows [16] [0]
if :LogoPlatform="wxWidgets [make "windows 16]
norefresh
catch "quit [forever [catch "newgame [setup :newnmines :newsize :newsize*2]]]
refresh
cs ct setpc 7 st
end

; ------------------------ Initial setup ---------------------------------

to setup :nmines :rows :columns
cs ct wait 0 ht fs
localmake "mines []	; list of [row col] lists
localmake "statuses (array :rows+2 -1)	; status of each square
localmake "xmax :halfsize*:columns
localmake "ymax :halfsize*:rows
localmake "opening "true
localmake "playing "true	; false only at end of game
for [i -1 :rows] [setitem :i :statuses (array :columns+2 -1)]
putmines :nmines	; Choose mined squares randomly.
setbg 0
setup.buttons
make "nhidden :rows * :columns
borderrow -1 :columns
borderrow :rows :columns
    ; mark nonexistent squares just outside field as BORDER
    ; to simplify how-many-of-my-neighbors computations
bordersides :rows-1
hint		; open some safe squares so we don't have to guess blindly
localmake "prevmines -1
pu setxy :maxxmax-100-2*:windows :maxymax+14 setpc 7
label [Mines left:]
showminesleft
action.loop
end

to putmines :num
; Choose random square, and make it a mine unless it already was one.
if :num = 0 [stop]
localmake "row random :rows
localmake "col random :columns
if member? (list :row :col) :mines [putmines :num  stop]
make "mines fput (list :row :col) :mines
putmines :num-1
end

to setup.buttons
init.buttons
setbutton (list -:maxxmax :maxymax+10) [60 20] [throw "newgame] ~
          "false 0 "|NEW GAME| "G
setbutton (list 80-:maxxmax :maxymax+10) [40 20] [action.off throw "quit] ~
          "false 0 "QUIT "Q
caption (list 160-:maxxmax-:windows :maxymax+10) [60 20] "infer:
drawinferbuttons
caption (list -:maxxmax -(:maxymax+30)) [60 20] "size:
caption (list 160-:maxxmax-:windows -(:maxymax+30)) [80 20] "difficulty:
drawsizebuttons
setbutton (list -:xmax -:ymax) (list 2*:xmax 2*:ymax) ~
          [hit :mousepos  showminesleft] "false 9 "|| []
          ; Entire board is one big button.
showboard "false   ; input is TRUE to uncover entire board at end of game 
pu
end

to drawinferbuttons
rebutton (list 200-:maxxmax :maxymax+10) [20 20] ~
         [make "inference "true  drawinferbuttons] ~
         :inference 0 "Y "Y
rebutton (list 230-:maxxmax :maxymax+10) [20 20] ~
         [make "inference "false  drawinferbuttons] ~
         not :inference 0 "N "N
end

to drawsizebuttons
make "newsize item :sizechoice :sizes
make "newnmines int (item :hardchoice :hardness)*:newsize*:newsize/100
rebutton (list 40-:maxxmax -(:maxymax+30)) [20 20] ~
         [make "sizechoice 1  drawsizebuttons] ~
         :sizechoice=1 0 "S "S
rebutton (list 70-:maxxmax -(:maxymax+30)) [20 20] ~
         [make "sizechoice 2  drawsizebuttons] ~
         :sizechoice=2 0 "M "M
rebutton (list 100-:maxxmax -(:maxymax+30)) [20 20] ~
         [make "sizechoice 3  drawsizebuttons] ~
         :sizechoice=3 0 "L "L
rebutton (list 230-:maxxmax -(:maxymax+30)) [20 20] ~
         [make "hardchoice 1  drawsizebuttons] ~
         :hardchoice=1 0 "1 "1
rebutton (list 260-:maxxmax -(:maxymax+30)) [20 20] ~
         [make "hardchoice 2  drawsizebuttons] ~
         :hardchoice=2 0 "2 "2
rebutton (list 290-:maxxmax -(:maxymax+30)) [20 20] ~
         [make "hardchoice 3  drawsizebuttons] ~
         :hardchoice=3 0 "3 "3
end

to showminesleft
if :prevmines=:nmines [stop]
setpensize [2 2]
penerase
if :prevmines > 99 [pu seth 0 setxy :maxxmax-30 :maxymax+14
                    invoke word "draw int :prevmines/100 7]
if :prevmines > 9  [pu seth 0 setxy :maxxmax-19 :maxymax+14
                    invoke word "draw int (remainder :prevmines 100)/10 7]
if :prevmines > -1 [pu seth 0 setxy :maxxmax-8 :maxymax+14
                    invoke word "draw remainder :prevmines 10 7]
penpaint
if :nmines > 99 [pu seth 0 setxy :maxxmax-30 :maxymax+14
                 invoke word "draw int :nmines/100 7]
if :nmines > 9  [pu seth 0 setxy :maxxmax-19 :maxymax+14
                 invoke word "draw int (remainder :nmines 100)/10 7]
if :nmines > -1 [pu seth 0 setxy :maxxmax-8 :maxymax+14
                 invoke word "draw remainder :nmines 10 7]
make "prevmines :nmines
pu seth 0 setpensize [1 1]
end

; --------------------------- Mark border squares -------------------------

to borderrow :row :col
; Mark all squares on this row (including -1 and :columns) as border
setstatus :row :col "border
if :col < 0 [stop]
borderrow :row :col-1
end

to bordersides :row
; Mark squares -1 and :columns on all rows as border
if :row < 0 [stop]
setstatus :row -1 "border
setstatus :row :columns "border
bordersides :row-1
end

; ---------------------- Initial and final display of entire board --------

to showboard :over
; Input is FALSE during setup, TRUE when a mine is uncovered and game ends.
setpc 7
for [y -:ymax :ymax :squaresize] [pu setxy -:xmax :y pd setxy :xmax :y]
for [x -:xmax :xmax :squaresize] [pu setxy :x -:ymax pd setxy :x :ymax]
pu
turtlerows :rows-1
end

to turtlerows :row
if :row < 0 [stop]
turtlerow :columns-1
turtlerows :row-1
end

to turtlerow :col
if :col < 0 [stop]
ifelse :over [		; game over, only hidden squares need be displayed
  if "hidden = status :row :col [onesquare]
  if and ("flagged = status :row :col)
         (not member? (list :row :col) :mines) [
			; but indicate mistakenly flagged ones
     setx (:col*:squaresize)-:xmax
     sety (:row*:squaresize)-:ymax
     setpensize [3 3]
     setpc 4		; draw red X over mine symbol
     pd setxy xcor+:squaresize ycor+:squaresize
     pu setx xcor-:squaresize
     pd setxy xcor+:squaresize ycor-:squaresize
     pu setpensize [1 1] setpc 7
  ]
] [			; game starting, mark each square as hidden
  setstatus :row :col "hidden
 ]
turtlerow :col - 1
end

to onesquare
action.once
setx (:col*:squaresize)-:xmax
sety (:row*:squaresize)-:ymax
ifelse member? (list :row :col) :mines [
  setpc 2			; thick green border
  pu setxy xcor+1 ycor+1
  pd repeat 4 [fd :squaresize-2 rt 90]
  pu setxy xcor+1 ycor+1
  pd filled 13 [repeat 4 [fd :squaresize-4 rt 90]]
] [
  setpc 11			; grey in aqua border for empty
  pu setxy xcor+1 ycor+1
  pd filled 15 [repeat 4 [fd :squaresize-2 rt 90]]
]
end

; ---------------- Start game by uncovering a few safe squares --------------

to hint [:tries 30] [:inference "true]
if :tries=0 [stop]		; limit number of attempts
localmake "ohidden :nhidden
localmake "ry random :rows
localmake "rx random :columns
if and equalp status :ry :rx "hidden not member? (list :ry :rx) :mines [
  catch "error [hitsquare :ry :rx]
  if (:ohidden - :nhidden) > 5 [stop]
	; stop when at least 5 neighbors were opened
]
(hint :tries-1)
end

; -------- Main player activity, mouse clicks on minefield squares -----

to hit :pos
; Convert mouse (pixel) coordinate to column and row numbers
; (square is :squaresize x :squaresize pixels)
if not :playing [stop]
localmake "opening equalp :button 1	; true to open, false to flag
catch "error [hitsquare (int (((last :pos) + :ymax) / :squaresize))
			(int (((first :pos) + :xmax) / :squaresize))]
end

to hitsquare :row :col
; Called on player mouse click and automatic opening of neighbors
; when infering.
if :nhidden = 0 [stop]		; No hidden squares, game is over.
if (or (:row<0) (:row>=:rows) (:col<0) (:col>=:columns)) [stop]
penup
setx (:col*:squaresize)-:xmax	; Move turtle over chosen square
sety (:row*:squaresize)-:ymax
localmake "status status :row :col
localmake "near neighbors :row :col "minecheck
if not equal? :status "shown [	; Clicking on hidden or flagged square.
  if not :opening [showflag stop]	; FLAG mode.  (Below is OPEN mode.)
  if :status = "flagged [showflag stop]	; Can't open flagged square.
  setstatus :row :col "shown		; This square is now shown.
  if member? (list :row :col) :mines [lose stop]	; Oops!
  setpc 11				; aqua border
  pu setxy xcor+1 ycor+1
  pd filled 15 [repeat 4 [fd :squaresize-2 rt 90]]
  setpensize [2 2] seth 0 pu
  setxy xcor+6 ycor+3
  if :near>0 word "draw :near	; Run procedure to draw digit
  pu setpensize [1 1] seth 0
  make "nhidden :nhidden - 1	; Keep track of number of squares still hidden.
  if :nhidden = 0 [win stop]	; If all squares shown or flagged, we win!
  if and (not equal? :near 0) (not :inference) [stop]
	; Finished if no automatic inference
]
	; Automatic inference section:
localmake "hnear neighbors :row :col "hiddencheck
localmake "fnear neighbors :row :col "flaggedcheck
ifelse :fnear = :near [		; If number of neighboring mines equals
  localmake "opening "true	;   number of flagged neighbors,
  hitfriends :row :col		;   all hidden neighbors must be safe
			        ;   (unless player has flagged wrongly!)
] [
  if (:hnear + :fnear) = :near [ ; If number of neighboring mines equals
    localmake "opening "false 	 ;  number of non-shown (hidden or flagged)
    hitfriends :row :col	 ;  neighbors, all hidden neighbors must be
			         ;  mines.
  ]
]
end

; --------------- Automatic inference to speed up game ------------------

; Either OPEN or FLAG all eight immediate neighbors unless already open or
; flagged. Note mutual recursion: HITSQUARE calls HITFRIENDS to do inference;
; HITFRIENDS calls HITSQUARE for each inferred opening/flagging.

to hitfriends :row :col
hitfriendsrow :row-1 :col
hitfriendsrow :row :col
hitfriendsrow :row+1 :col
end

to hitfriendsrow :row :col
hitfriend :row :col-1
hitfriend :row :col
hitfriend :row :col+1
end

to hitfriend :row :col
if "hidden = status :row :col [hitsquare :row :col]
end

; Here's where we count the neighbors that have some property
; (being truly mined, being flagged as mined, or being hidden).
; Third input is a procedure that takes ROW and COL inputs,
;   returning 1 if property is satisfied, 0 if not.

to neighbors :row :col :check
output (nrow :row-1 :col) + (nrow :row :col) + (nrow :row+1 :col)
end

to nrow :row :col
output (invoke :check :row :col-1) + (invoke :check :row :col) + ~
       (invoke :check :row :col+1)
end

; Here are the three property-checking procedures.

to minecheck :row :col
output ifelse member? (list :row :col) :mines [1] [0]
end

to hiddencheck :row :col
output ifelse "hidden = status :row :col [1] [0]
end

to flaggedcheck :row :col
output ifelse "flagged = status :row :col [1] [0]
end

; --------------------- Flag mode (user says where mines are) --------------

to showflag
if :nhidden = 0 [stop]		; Game is over, no action allowed.
localmake "flagged status :row :col
ifelse :flagged = "hidden [	; Square was hidden, so flag it.
    if :nmines = 0 [stop]	; But don't allow more flags than actual mines.
    setstatus :row :col "flagged
    setpc 7
    filled 2 [repeat 4 [fd :squaresize rt 90]]
    pu setxy xcor+6 ycor+3
    drawflag			; with purple flag
    make "nmines :nmines-1
    make "nhidden :nhidden-1
] [
    if not equal? :flagged "flagged [stop] ; Square was shown, can't flag it.
    setstatus :row :col "hidden
    setpc 7
    filled 9 [repeat 4 [fd :squaresize rt 90]]
    make "nmines :nmines + 1
    make "nhidden :nhidden + 1
]
if :nhidden = 0 [win]			; Flagged last mine, so win.
end

to drawflag
setpc 13			; purple for flag
setpensize [2 2]
pd fd 5 filled 13 [repeat 4 [fd 5 rt 90]]
end

; ------------ Notify user when game is won or lost -------------------

to win
make "playing "false
make "nhidden 0
; print [You win!!!!]
pu setxy :xmax+3 0	; flash screen green
repeat 5 [setpc 2 fill wait 0 action.once setpc 0 fill wait 0]
end

to lose
make "playing "false
setpc 6						; Yellow square on purple
setpensize [3 3]
pu setxy xcor+3 ycor+3 pd
filled 13 [repeat 4 [fd :squaresize-6 rt 90]]	; Show which mine was hit
setpensize [1 1]
make "nhidden 0
; print [You lose!!!!]
pu setxy :xmax+3 0	; flash screen red
repeat 5 [setpc 4 fill wait 0 action.once setpc 0 fill wait 0]
showboard "true
end

; --------------- data abstraction for statuses array -------------

to status :row :col
output item :col (item :row :statuses)
end

to setstatus :row :col :value
setitem :col (item :row :statuses) :value
end


; -------------------- draw digits ----------------------

to draw1 [:color 4]
setpc :color		; red
pd rt 90 fd 6 bk 3
lt 90 fd 12
lt 90+45 fd 4
end

to draw2 [:color 13]
setpc :color		; purple
pu setxy xcor-1 ycor+2
pd rt 90 fd 6 bk 6
lt 45 fd 8
rt 45 pu bk 3 pd arc -180 3
end

to draw3 [:color 0]
setpc :color		; black
pu fd 12 rt 90
pd fd 6
rt 90+45 fd 7
pu lt 45 fd 3 pd arc -130 3
end

to draw4 [:color 8]
setpc :color		; brown
pu fd 6 
pd fd 6 bk 6
rt 90 fd 6 bk 3
lt 90 fd 6 bk 12
end

to draw5 [:color 10]
setpc :color		; forest
pu fd 12
pd rt 90 fd 6 bk 6
rt 90 fd 5
pu fd 3 pd arc -180 3
end

to draw6 [:color 12]
setpc :color		; salmon
pu fd 7 rt 90 fd 1 pd
repeat 270 [fd 0.07 rt 1]
repeat 45 [fd 0.3 rt 2]
end

to draw7 [:color 1]
setpc :color		; blue
pu fd 11 rt 90
pd fd 6
rt 90+30 fd 9
end

to draw8 [:color 5]
setpc :color		; magenta
pu fd 3 rt 90 fd 2
pd arc 359 3
pu lt 90 fd 6
pd arc 359 3
end

to draw9 [:color 7]
setpc :color
pu fd 12 rt 90 fd 6 rt 90	; like 6 but upside down
pu fd 7 rt 90 fd 1 pd
repeat 270 [fd 0.07 rt 1]
repeat 45 [fd 0.3 rt 2]
end

to draw0 [:color 7]
setpc :color
pu fd 6 pd
repeat 90 [fd (2-repcount/90)*6/150 rt 1]
repeat 90 [fd (1+repcount/90)*6/150 rt 1]
repeat 90 [fd (2-repcount/90)*6/150 rt 1]
repeat 90 [fd (1+repcount/90)*6/150 rt 1]
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/math0000664000175000017500000001631413557147341012751 0ustar  jjcjjc;;; Logic problem inference system

;; Establish categories

to category :category.name :members
print (list "category :category.name :members)
if not namep "categories [make "categories []]
make "categories lput :category.name :categories
make :category.name :members
foreach :members [pprop ? "category :category.name]
end

;; Verify and falsify matches

to verify :a :b
settruth :a :b "true
end

to falsify :a :b
settruth :a :b "false
end

to settruth :a :b :truth.value
if equalp (gprop :a "category) (gprop :b "category) [stop]
localmake "oldvalue get :a :b
if equalp :oldvalue :truth.value [stop]
if equalp :oldvalue (not :truth.value) ~
   [(throw "error (sentence [inconsistency in settruth]
                            :a :b :truth.value))]
print (list :a :b "-> :truth.value)
store :a :b :truth.value
settruth1 :a :b :truth.value
settruth1 :b :a :truth.value
if not emptyp :oldvalue ~
   [foreach (filter [equalp first ? :truth.value] :oldvalue)
            [apply "settruth butfirst ?]]
end

to settruth1 :a :b :truth.value
apply (word "find not :truth.value) (list :a :b)
foreach (gprop :a "true) [settruth ? :b :truth.value]
if :truth.value [foreach (gprop :a "false) [falsify ? :b]
                 pprop :a (gprop :b "category) :b]
pprop :a :truth.value (fput :b gprop :a :truth.value)
end

to findfalse :a :b
foreach (filter [not equalp get ? :b "true] peers :a) ~
        [falsify ? :b]
end

to findtrue :a :b
if equalp (count peers :a) (1+falses :a :b) ~
   [verify (find [not equalp get ? :b "false] peers :a)
           :b]
end

to falses :a :b
output count filter [equalp "false get ? :b] peers :a
end

to peers :a
output thing gprop :a "category
end

;; Common types of clues

to differ :list
print (list "differ :list)
foreach :list [differ1 ? ?rest]
end

to differ1 :a :them
foreach :them [falsify :a ?]
end

to justbefore :this :that :lineup
falsify :this :that
falsify :this last :lineup
falsify :that first :lineup
justbefore1 :this :that :lineup
end

to justbefore1 :this :that :slotlist
if emptyp butfirst :slotlist [stop]
equiv :this (first :slotlist) :that (first butfirst :slotlist)
justbefore1 :this :that (butfirst :slotlist)
end

;; Remember conditional linkages

to implies :who1 :what1 :truth1 :who2 :what2 :truth2
implies1 :who1 :what1 :truth1 :who2 :what2 :truth2
implies1 :who2 :what2 (not :truth2) :who1 :what1 (not :truth1)
end

to implies1 :who1 :what1 :truth1 :who2 :what2 :truth2
localmake "old1 get :who1 :what1
if equalp :old1 :truth1 [settruth :who2 :what2 :truth2  stop]
if equalp :old1 (not :truth1) [stop]
if memberp (list :truth1 :who2 :what2 (not :truth2)) :old1 ~
   [settruth :who1 :what1 (not :truth1)  stop]
if memberp (list :truth1 :what2 :who2 (not :truth2)) :old1 ~
   [settruth :who1 :what1 (not :truth1)  stop]
store :who1 :what1 ~
      fput (list :truth1 :who2 :what2 :truth2) :old1
end

to equiv :who1 :what1 :who2 :what2
implies :who1 :what1 "true :who2 :what2 "true
implies :who2 :what2 "true :who1 :what1 "true
end

to xor :who1 :what1 :who2 :what2
implies :who1 :what1 "true :who2 :what2 "false
implies :who1 :what1 "false :who2 :what2 "true
end

;; Interface to property list mechanism

to get :a :b
output gprop :a :b
end

to store :a :b :val
pprop :a :b :val
pprop :b :a :val
end

;; Print the solution

to solution
foreach thing first :categories [solve1 ? butfirst :categories]
end

to solve1 :who :order
type :who
foreach :order [type "| |   type gprop :who ?]
print []
end

;; Get rid of old problem data

to cleanup
if not namep "categories [stop]
ern :categories
ern "categories
erpls
end

;; Anita Harnadek's problem

to cub.reporter
cleanup
category "first [Jane Larry Opal Perry]
category "last [Irving King Mendle Nathan]
category "age [32 38 45 55]
category "job [drafter pilot sergeant driver]
differ [Jane King Larry Nathan]
says "Jane "Irving 45
says "King "Perry "driver
says "Larry "sergeant 45
says "Nathan "drafter 38
differ [Mendle Jane Opal Nathan]
says "Mendle "pilot "Larry
says "Jane "pilot 45
says "Opal 55 "driver
says "Nathan 38 "driver
print []
solution
end

to says :who :what1 :what2
print (list "says :who :what1 :what2)
xor :who :what1 :who :what2
end

;; Diane Baldwin's problem

to foote.family
cleanup
category "when [1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th]
category "name [Felix Fred Frank Francine Flo]
category "street [Field Flag Fig Fork Frond]
category "item [food film flashlight fan fiddle]
category "position [1 2 3 4 5]
print [Clue 1]
justbefore "Flag "2nd :position
justbefore "2nd "Fred :position
print [Clue 2]
male [film Fig 5th]
print [Clue 3]
justbefore "flashlight "Fork :position
justbefore "Fork "1st :position
female [1st]
print [Clue 4]
falsify "5th "Frond
falsify "5th "fan
print [Clue 5]
justbefore "Francine "Frank :position
justbefore "Francine "Frank :when
print [Clue 6]
female [3rd Flag]
print [Clue 7]
justbefore "fiddle "Frond :when
justbefore "Flo "fiddle :when
print []
solution
end

to male :stuff
differ sentence :stuff [Francine Flo]
end

to female :stuff
differ sentence :stuff [Felix Fred Frank]
end

;;; Combinatorics toolkit

to combs :list :howmany
if equalp :howmany 0 [output [[]]]
if equalp :howmany count :list [output (list :list)]
output sentence (map [fput first :list ?]
                     combs (butfirst :list) (:howmany-1)) ~
      (combs (butfirst :list) :howmany)
end

to fact :n
output cascade :n [# * ?] 1
end

to perms :n :r
if equalp :r 0 [output 1]
output :n * perms :n-1 :r-1
end

to choose :n :r
output (perms :n :r)/(fact :r)
end

;; The socks problem

to socks :list
localmake "total combs (expand :list) 2
localmake "matching filter [equalp first ? last ?] :total
print (sentence [there are] count :total [possible pairs of socks.])
print (sentence [of these,] count :matching [are matching pairs.])
print sentence [probability of match =] ~
      word (100 * (count :matching)/(count :total)) "%
end

to expand :list
if emptyp :list [output []]
if numberp first :list ~
   [output cascade (first :list)
                   [fput first butfirst :list ?]
                   (expand butfirst butfirst :list)]
output fput first :list expand butfirst :list
end

to socktest
localmake "first pick [brown brown brown brown brown brown 
                       blue blue blue blue]
localmake "second ~
          pick (ifelse equalp :first "brown ~
                       [[brown brown brown brown brown
                         blue blue blue blue]] ~
                       [[brown brown brown brown brown brown
                         blue blue blue]])
output equalp :first :second
end

;; The Simplex lock problem

to lock :buttons
output cascade :buttons [? + lock1 :buttons #] 1
end

to lock1 :total :buttons
localmake "perms perms :total :buttons
output cascade (twoto (:buttons-1)) [? + lock2 :perms #-1 1] 0
end

to lock2 :perms :links :factor
if equalp :links 0 [output :perms/(fact :factor)]
if equalp (remainder :links 2) 0 ~
   [output lock2 :perms/(fact :factor) :links/2 1]
output lock2 :perms (:links-1)/2 :factor+1
end

to twoto :power
output cascade :power [2 * ?] 1
end

to simplex :buttons
output 2 * f :buttons
end

to f :n
if equalp :n 0 [output 1]
output cascade :n [? + ((choose :n (#-1)) * f (#-1))] 0
end

to simp :n
output round (fact :n)/(power (ln 2) (:n+1))
end

;; The multinomial expansion problem

to t :n :k
if equalp :k 0 [output 1]
if equalp :n 0 [output 0]
output (t :n :k-1)+(t :n-1 :k)
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/match0000664000175000017500000000667513557147341013125 0ustar  jjcjjcto match :pat :sen
local [special.var special.pred special.buffer in.list]
if or wordp :pat wordp :sen [output "false]
if emptyp :pat [output emptyp :sen]
if listp first :pat [output special fput "!: :pat :sen]
if memberp first first :pat [? # ! & @ ^] [output special :pat :sen]
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if equalp first :pat first :sen [output match butfirst :pat butfirst :sen]
output "false
end

;; Parsing quantifiers

to special :pat :sen
set.special parse.special butfirst first :pat "
output run word "match first first :pat
end

to parse.special :word :var
if emptyp :word [output list :var "always]
if equalp first :word ": [output list :var butfirst :word]
output parse.special butfirst :word word :var first :word
end

to set.special :list
make "special.var first :list
make "special.pred last :list
if emptyp :special.var [make "special.var "special.buffer]
if memberp :special.pred [in anyof] [set.in]
if not emptyp :special.pred [stop]
make "special.pred first butfirst :pat
make "pat fput first :pat butfirst butfirst :pat
end

to set.in
make "in.list first butfirst :pat
make "pat fput first :pat butfirst butfirst :pat
end

;; Exactly one match

to match!
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if not try.pred [output "false]
make :special.var first :sen
output match butfirst :pat butfirst :sen
end

;; Zero or one match

to match?
make :special.var []
if emptyp :sen [output match butfirst :pat :sen]
if not try.pred [output match butfirst :pat :sen]
make :special.var first :sen
if match butfirst :pat butfirst :sen [output "true]
make :special.var []
output match butfirst :pat :sen
end

;; Zero or more matches

to match#
make :special.var []
output #test #gather :sen
end

to #gather :sen
if emptyp :sen [output :sen]
if not try.pred [output :sen]
make :special.var lput first :sen thing :special.var
output #gather butfirst :sen
end

to #test :sen
if match butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output #test2 fput last thing :special.var :sen
end

to #test2 :sen
make :special.var butlast thing :special.var
output #test :sen
end

;; One or more matches

to match&
output &test match#
end

to &test :tf
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output :tf
end

;; Zero or more matches (as few as possible)

to match^
make :special.var []
output ^test :sen
end

to ^test :sen
if match butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if not try.pred [output "false]
make :special.var lput first :sen thing :special.var
output ^test butfirst :sen
end

;; Match words in a group

to match@
make :special.var :sen
output @test []
end

to @test :sen
if @try.pred [if match butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]]
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output @test2 fput last thing :special.var :sen
end

to @test2 :sen
make :special.var butlast thing :special.var
output @test :sen
end

;; Applying the predicates

to try.pred
if listp :special.pred [output match :special.pred first :sen]
output run list :special.pred quoted first :sen
end

to quoted :thing
if listp :thing [output :thing]
output word "" :thing
end

to @try.pred
if listp :special.pred [output match :special.pred thing :special.var]
output run list :special.pred thing :special.var
end

;; Special predicates

to always :x
output "true
end

to in :word
output memberp :word :in.list
end

to anyof :sen
output anyof1 :sen :in.list
end

to anyof1 :sen :pats
if emptyp :pats [output "false]
if match first :pats :sen [output "true]
output anyof1 :sen butfirst :pats
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/master0000664000175000017500000002731213557147341013313 0ustar  jjcjjc; [Mastermind game]

cslsload "buttons
cslsload "streams

to master [:numsquares 4] [:dup.ok "false] [:mysecret "true]
; Mastermind game program.
; Program is controlled by mouse clicks or keystrokes.
if :LogoPlatform = "Windows [maximize.window "true]
window
if :LogoPlatform = "wxWidgets [localmake "fontsize labelsize]
localmake "colors "ROYGBV
localmake "colornums [[R 4] [O 14] [Y 6] [G 2] [B 1] [V 13]]
localmake "exact "true
local [numguesses numcolors column guess gotnum winloop permuting]
local [perms oldcount newcount guess.exact guess.inexact guess.word]
catch "quit [forever [
  catch "master [
    make "numguesses 0
    make "numcolors 0
    make "column 0
    make "winloop "false
    initdraw		 ; Clear screen, draw color palette 
    ifelse :mysecret [
	ifelse :dup.ok	 ; Choose secret permutation
	   [make "secret (choose.dup :numsquares :colors)]
	   [make "secret (choose.nodup :numsquares :colors)]
        newguess	 ; Display first guess frame
        action.loop	 ; Read keyboard characters or mouse clicks 
    ] [
	catch "win [	 ; User's secret, program has to guess.
	  ifelse :dup.ok [
	    make "permuting "false	; Lots of cases with dups okay, so
	    make "perms (list copies :numsquares "x)
	    make "newcount 0		; find colors systematically first.
	    catch "perm [
	      for [i 1 6] [	; Learn how many red, then orange, etc.
		make "oldcount :newcount
		doguess subst :i "x head :perms
		make "newcount :guess.exact + :guess.inexact
	    	make "perms flatten stream.map
		   `[insert ,[:newcount-:oldcount] ,:i ?] :perms
		make "perms stream.filter
                          `[okay? ? ,:guess.exact ,:guess.inexact ,:guess.word]
			  :perms
		check.consistency :perms
		if equalp :newcount :numsquares [throw "perm]
	      ]
	      check.consistency []	; Tried all colors, user lied.
	    ]
	    make "permuting "true
	  ] [
	    make "perms perms "123456 :numsquares	; not :dup.ok
	    make "permuting equalp :numsquares 6
	  ]
	  forever [			; common portion
	    doguess head :perms
	    if equalp :numsquares :guess.exact + :guess.inexact ~
	      [make "permuting "true]
	    make "perms stream.filter
                          `[okay? ? ,:guess.exact ,:guess.inexact ,:guess.word]
			  :perms
	    check.consistency :perms
	  ]
	  ; Can't get here; either doguess finds a winner or
	  ; check.consistency complains.
	] ; We get here on throw "win from doguess.
	move [15 12]
	setpc 7 label "WIN!
	ct print (sentence [I win in] :numguesses "turns.)
	make "winloop "true
	action.loop
    ]
]]]
cs ct setpc 7 st
end

;;; ================== LOGIC FOR MY GUESSES (USER SECRET) =================

to doguess :guessword
; Present computer's guess to user and ask about matches.
newguess				; Draw frame for guess.
make "guess.word :guessword		; Remember my colors.
foreach :guessword [apply "putguess item ? :colornums]	; Show colors.
askexact				; Ask user for exact matches.
make "gotnum "false
catch "ready [action.loop]
pu setpos [150 205] setpc 0 filled 0 [repeat 2 [fd 35 rt 90 fd 110 rt 90]]
setpc 7
ifelse :guess.exact < :numsquares [	; Not all colors are exact.
  ifelse :permuting [			;   If we know all the colors,
    make "exact "false			;   compute how many are inexact
    getnum :numsquares-:guess.exact	;   without asking.
  ] [
    askinexact				;   Otherwise, ask for inexact.
    make "gotnum "false
    catch "ready [action.loop]
    pu setpos [150 205] setpc 0 filled 0 [repeat 2 [fd 35 rt 90 fd 110 rt 90]]
    setpc 7
    if :guess.exact + :guess.inexact > :numsquares ~
       [check.consistency []]	; Quick error message if too many matches.
  ]
] [
  throw "win				; All colors are exact, we win.
]
end

to subst :new :old :word
; For dups-okay guessing:  Substitute the next trial color for
; all unknown squares in a partial permutation.
output map [ifelse equalp ? :old [:new] [?]] :word
end

to copies :num :letter
output cascade :num [word ? :letter] "
end

to insert :num :new :word
; For dups-okay guessing:  We've learned that there are :NUM instances
; of color :NEW in the secret combination, so stick that many of them into
; a still-possible partial permutation, in every possible size=:NUM
; subset of the unknown slots.
; The result is a *stream* of possible (partial) permutations.
if :num=0 [output (list :word)]		; No slots needed, just one result.
if emptyp :word [output []]		; Not enough slots, no results!
if equalp first :word "x 		; Else combine results of choosing or ~
   [op flatten				; not choosing to replace into this X.
	 stream insert :num-1 :new word :new butfirst :word
	      `[(list stream.map [word "x ?] insert ,:num ",:new bf ",:word )]]
output stream.map `[word ",[first :word] ?] insert :num :new butfirst :word
end

to check.consistency :str
; If the stream of still-possible permutations is empty, then
; the user has lied to us.
if emptyp :str [ct print [Error -- inconsistent answers!]
		repeat 2 [setbg 4 wait 1 setbg 0 wait 1]
		type [Click or type anything to restart.] wait 0
		waitforclick
		throw "master]
end

to perms :word :num
; Output the stream of permutations of :NUM letters chosen from :WORD.
if :num=0 [output (list "|| )]
if emptyp :word [output []]	; Can't happen (would mean :num>count :word).
output flatten stream.map ~
   `[[letter] stream.map `[word ,:letter ?]
                         perms remonce :letter ,:word ,[:num-1]] ~
   :word
end

to okay? :perm :guess.exact :guess.inexact :guess.word
output and (equalp :guess.exact exact :perm :guess.word) ~
           (equalp :guess.inexact inexact :perm :guess.word)
end

to askexact
; ct type "|How many EXACT matches? |
; pu setpos [185 210] setpc 6 label "EXACT?
localmake "caption.scrunch 1.5
setbutton [152 210] [100 25] [] "true 0 "EXACT? []
ern "caption.scrunch
make "exact "true
end

to askinexact
; ct type "|How many INEXACT matches? |
; pu setpos [185 210] setpc 6 label "INEXACT?
localmake "caption.scrunch 1.5
setbutton [152 210] [100 25] [] "true 0 "INEXACT? []
ern "caption.scrunch
make "exact "false
end

;;; ================== LOGIC FOR USER GUESSES (MY SECRET) =================

to choose.dup :number :colors
if :number = 0 [output "]
output word (pick :colors) (choose.nodup :number-1 :colors)
end 
 
to choose.nodup :number :colors
if :number = 0 [output "]
make "color pick :colors
output word :color (choose.nodup :number-1 remonce :color :colors)
end

;;;;; ================ Used by both kinds of logic ======================
 
to exact :secret :guess
if empty? :secret [output 0]
output ehelp + (exact butfirst :secret butfirst :guess)
end

to ehelp
ifelse equal? (first :secret) (first :guess) [output 1] [output 0]
end 

to inexact :secret :guess
output (anymatch :secret :guess) - (exact :secret :guess)
end

to anymatch :secret :guess
if empty? :secret [output 0]
if member? first :secret :guess ~
   [output 1 + anymatch (butfirst :secret) (remonce first :secret :guess)]
output anymatch butfirst :secret :guess
end 

to remonce :this :those
if empty? :those [output "]
if equal? :this first :those [output butfirst :those]
output word (first :those) (remonce :this butfirst :those)
end

;;;;; =================== USER INTERFACE (DRAWING) =======================

to initdraw
fs init.buttons
localmake "bigwidth ifelse :LogoPlatform = "wxWidgets [5*first :fontsize] [40]
localmake "bigbutton list :bigwidth 25
localmake "tallheight ifelse :LogoPlatform="wxWidgets [2+2*last :fontsize] [30]
localmake "tallbutton list :bigwidth :tallheight
ifelse :mysecret ~
  [colorchart 6 "ROYGBV [4 14 6 2 1 13] 165
   setbutton [-245 -15] :bigbutton [clear] "false 0 "erase "DEL] ~
  [numchart 0 165]
setbutton pos0 [-245 -45] :bigbutton [if not :winloop [guess]] "true 0 "OK "RET
setbutton nxt :tallheight :tallbutton [throw "master] "false 0 [new game] "N
setbutton nxt 25 :bigbutton [throw "quit] "false 0 "quit "Q
ignore nxt 10
setbutton nxt :tallheight :tallbutton [make "mysecret "true  throw "master] ~
   :mysecret 0 [I guess] "I
setbutton nxt :tallheight :tallbutton [make "mysecret "false  throw "master] ~
   (not :mysecret) 0 [Logo guess] "L
caption [-245 206] [65 29] [Number |of colors:|]
numsquares -170 2 6
caption [-10 206] [65 29] [Duplicates allowed:]
ifelse :LogoPlatform = "wxWidgets [
localmake "buttonx ((first :fontsize)*10)-5
setbutton list :buttonx 210 [25 25] [make "dup.ok "true throw "master] ~
   :dup.ok 0 "yes []
setbutton list :buttonx+30 210 [25 25] [make "dup.ok "false throw "master] ~
   (not :dup.ok) 0 "no []
] [
setbutton [70 210] [25 25] [make "dup.ok "true throw "master] ~
   :dup.ok 0 "yes []
setbutton [100 210] [25 25] [make "dup.ok "false throw "master] ~
   (not :dup.ok) 0 "no []
]
end

to numsquares :xcor :num :last
if :num > :last [stop]
setbutton (list :xcor 210) [25 25] `[make "numsquares ,:num throw "master] ~
   (:num = :numsquares) 0 :num []
numsquares :xcor+30 :num+1 :last
end

to colorchart :num :names :colors :ycor
if :num = 0 [stop]
setbutton (list -245 :ycor) [25 25] ~
  `[putguess ",[first :names] ,[first :colors]] "false ~
  (first :colors) [] (first :names)
colorchart :num-1 bf :names bf :colors :ycor-30
end

to numchart :num :ycor
if :num > :numsquares [stop]
setbutton (list -245 :ycor) [25 25] ~
  `[if not :winloop [getnum ,:num]] "false 0 :num :num
numchart :num+1 :ycor-30
end

to pos0 :pos
make "controlpos :pos
output :pos
end

to nxt :height
make "controlpos list (first :controlpos) ((last :controlpos) - (:height + 5))
output :controlpos
end

to move :start
; Move the turtle to the given coordinates
; relative to the lower left corner of the first empty square
; in the current frame.
; Depends on :COLUMN (0 or 1 for >14 guesses), :NUMGUESSES, and :NUMCOLORS
; Note, since :NUMGUESSES starts at 1,
; first frame is at [-180 170] not [-180 200].
pu
setpos (list (-145 + (first :start) + 210*:column + 25*(:numcolors-1))
	     (200 + (last :start) - 30*(:numguesses - 14*:column)))
pd
end 

; -----------------------------------------------

to newguess
; Called from MASTER for first guess frame,
; then from GUESS for later guess frames (my secret),
; or from DOGUESS (user's secret).
make "numguesses :numguesses+1
if :numguesses > 14 [make "column 1]
make "numcolors 1
move [0 0]
drawframe
make "guess "
end

to drawframe
setpc 7 seth 0
repeat :numsquares [square 25 rt 90 fd 25 lt 90]
end

to square :side
repeat 4 [fd :side rt 90]
end

;;;;; =================== USER INTERFACE (READING) =======================

to waitforclick
action.off
; Wait for any key or mouse click, then return, ignoring which/where.
if buttonp [while [buttonp] []  stop]
if keyp [ignore rc  stop]
waitforclick
end

; ----------- Procedures to carry out user commands ---------------

to getnum :num [:cursor cursor]
; Called for digit key or mouse click on digit button.
make ifelse :exact ["guess.exact] ["guess.inexact] :num
move list ifelse :exact [15] [35] 12
setpc 0 filled 0 [repeat 4 [fd 20 rt 90]]
setpc 7 label :num
; type :num setcursor :cursor
make "gotnum "true
end

to putguess :colorletter :colornumber
; Called from mouse click in color palette;
;   first input is a letter for :GUESS (e.g. R for red),
;   second input is a Logo color number for SETPC (e.g. 4 for red).
if :numcolors < 1 [stop]
if :numcolors > :numsquares [stop]
if not :dup.ok [if member? :colorletter :guess [stop]]
make "guess word :guess :colorletter
move [0 0]
filled :colornumber [repeat 4 [fd 25 rt 90]]
make "numcolors :numcolors+1
end

to clear
; Called by clicking ERASE button
if :numcolors < 2 [stop]
make "guess butlast :guess
make "numcolors :numcolors-1
move [0 0]
filled 0 [repeat 4 [fd 25 rt 90]]
end

to guess
; Called by clicking GUESS button.
if not :mysecret [if :gotnum [ct wait 0 throw "ready] stop]
if not (:numcolors > :numsquares) [stop]
ifelse equal? :guess :secret [
    move [15 12]
    setpc 7 label "WIN!
    print (sentence [You win in] :numguesses "turns.)
] [
    move [15 12]
    setpc 7 label exact :secret :guess
    move [35 12]
    setpc 7 label inexact :secret :guess
    newguess
]
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/fsm0000664000175000017500000002336413557147341012610 0ustar  jjcjjc;;; Finite State Machine Interpreter (FSM)

to game :which
fsm thing word "mach :which
end

to fsm :machine
cleartext
setcursor [0 3]
localmake "start startpart :machine
localmake "moves movepart :machine
localmake "accept acceptpart :machine
fsm1 :start
end

to fsm1 :here
ifelse memberp :here :accept [accept] [reject]
fsm1 (fsmnext :here readchar)
end

to fsmnext :here :input
blank
if memberp :input (list char 13 char 10) ~
   [print ifelse memberp :here :accept ["| ACCEPT|] ["| REJECT|]
    output :start]
type :input
catch "error [output last find [fsmtest :here :input ?] :moves]
output -1
end

to fsmtest :here :input :move
output and (equalp :here arrowtail :move) (memberp :input arrowtext :move)
end

;; Display machine state

to accept
display "accept
end

to reject
display "reject
end

to blank
display "|      |
end

to display :text
localmake "oldpos cursor
setcursor [15 1]
type :text
setcursor :oldpos
end

;; Data abstraction for machines

to startpart :machine
output first :machine
end

to movepart :machine
output first bf :machine
end

to acceptpart :machine
output last :machine
end

to make.machine :start :moves :accept
output (list :start :moves :accept)
end

;; Data abstraction for arrows

to arrowtail :arrow
output first :arrow
end

to arrowtext :arrow
output first butfirst :arrow
end

to arrowhead :arrow
output last :arrow
end

to make.arrow :tail :text :head
output (list :tail :text :head)
end

;; Machine descriptions for the guessing game

make "mach1 [1 [[1 AB 1]] [1]]
make "mach2 [1 [[1 ABC 2] [2 ABC 1]] [1]]
make "mach3 [1 [[1 A 2] [2 B 3] [3 ABC 3]] [3]]
make "mach4 [1 [[1 A 2] [1 B 3] [1 C 4] [2 A 1] [3 B 1] [4 C 1]] [1]]
make "mach5 [1 [[1 ABC 2] [2 B 1]] [1]]
make "mach6 [1 [[1 A 2] [2 AB 2] [2 C 3] [3 AB 2] [3 C 3]] [3]]
make "mach7 [1 [[1 AB 1] [1 C 2] [2 C 1]] [1]]
make "mach8 [1 [[1 A 2] [1 BC 1] [2 A 1] [2 BC 2]] [1]]
make "mach9 [1 [[1 AB 1] [1 C 2] [2 A 3] [2 B 1] [3 A 1]] [1]]
make "mach10 [1 [[1 A 2] [1 BC 1] [2 A 2] [2 B 3] [2 C 1]
                 [3 A 2] [3 B 1] [3 C 4] [4 A 2] [4 B 5] [4 C 1]
                 [5 A 6] [5 BC 1] [6 ABC 6]]
              [6]]


;;; Regular Expression to FSM Translation (MACHINE)

to machine :regexp
localmake "nextstate 0
output optimize determine nondet :regexp
end

;; First step: make a possibly nondeterministic machine

to nondet :regexp
if and (wordp :regexp) (equalp count :regexp 1) [output ndletter :regexp]
if wordp :regexp [output ndor reduce "sentence :regexp]
if equalp first :regexp "or [output ndor butfirst :regexp]
if equalp first :regexp "* [output ndmany last :regexp]
output ndconcat :regexp
end

;; Alphabet rule

to ndletter :letter
localmake "from newstate
localmake "to newstate
output make.machine :from (list (make.arrow :from :letter :to)) (list :to)
end

;; Concatenation rule

to ndconcat :exprs
output reduce "string (map "nondet :exprs)
end

to string :machine1 :machine2
output (make.machine (startpart :machine1)
                     (sentence (movepart :machine1)
                               (splice acceptpart :machine1 :machine2)
                               (movepart :machine2))
                     (stringa (acceptpart :machine1)
                              (startpart :machine2)
                              (acceptpart :machine2)))
end

to stringa :accept1 :start2 :accept2
if memberp :start2 :accept2 [output sentence :accept1 :accept2]
output :accept2
end

;; Alternatives rule

to ndor :exprs
localmake "newstart newstate
localmake "machines (map "nondet :exprs)
localmake "accepts map.se "acceptpart :machines
output (make.machine :newstart
                     (sentence map.se "movepart :machines
                               map.se "or.splice :machines)
                     ifelse not emptyp find [memberp (startpart ?)
                                                     (acceptpart ?)]
                                            :machines
                            [fput :newstart :accepts]
                            [:accepts])
end

to or.splice :machine
output map [newtail ? :newstart] (arrows.from.start :machine)
end

;; Repetition rule

to ndmany :regexp
localmake "machine nondet :regexp
output (make.machine (startpart :machine)
                     sentence (movepart :machine)
                              (splice (acceptpart :machine) :machine)
                     fput (startpart :machine) (acceptpart :machine))
end

;; Generate moves from a bunch of given states (:accepts) duplicating
;; the moves from the start state of some machine (:machine).
;; Used for concatenation rule to splice two formerly separate machines;
;; used for repetition rule to "splice" a machine to itself.

to splice :accepts :machine
output map.se [copy.to.accepts ?] (arrows.from.start :machine)
end

to arrows.from.start :machine
output filter [equalp startpart :machine arrowtail ?] movepart :machine
end

to copy.to.accepts :move
output map [newtail :move ?] :accepts
end

to newtail :arrow :tail
output make.arrow :tail (arrowtext :arrow) (arrowhead :arrow)
end

;; Make a new state number

to newstate
make "nextstate :nextstate+1
output :nextstate
end

;; Second step: Turn nondeterministic FSM into a deterministic one
;; Also eliminates "orphan" (unreachable) states.

to determine :machine
localmake "moves movepart :machine
localmake "accepts acceptpart :machine
localmake "states []
localmake "join.state.list []
localmake "newmoves nd.traverse (startpart :machine)
output make.machine (startpart :machine) ~
                    :newmoves ~
                    filter [memberp ? :states] :accepts
end

to nd.traverse :state
if memberp :state :states [output []]
make "states fput :state :states
localmake "newmoves (check.nd filter [equalp arrowtail ? :state] :moves)
output sentence :newmoves map.se "nd.traverse (map "arrowhead :newmoves)
end

to check.nd :movelist
if emptyp :movelist [output []]
localmake "letter arrowtext first :movelist
localmake "heads sort map "arrowhead ~
                          filter [equalp :letter arrowtext ?] :movelist
if emptyp butfirst :heads ~
   [output fput first :movelist
                check.nd filter [not equalp :letter arrowtext ?] :movelist]
localmake "check.heads member :heads :join.state.list
if not emptyp :check.heads ~
   [output fput make.arrow :state :letter first butfirst :check.heads ~
                check.nd filter [not equalp :letter arrowtext ?] :movelist]
localmake "join.state newstate
make "join.state.list fput :heads fput :join.state :join.state.list
make "moves sentence :moves ~
                     map [make.arrow :join.state arrowtext ? arrowhead ?] ~
                         filter [memberp arrowtail ? :heads] :moves
if not emptyp find [memberp ? :accepts] :heads ~
   [make "accepts sentence :accepts :join.state]
output fput make.arrow :state :letter :join.state ~
            check.nd filter [not equalp :letter arrowtext ?] :movelist
end

to sort :list
if emptyp :list [output []]
output insert first :list sort butfirst :list
end

to insert :value :sorted
if emptyp :sorted [output (list :value)]
if :value = first :sorted [output :sorted]
if :value < first :sorted [output fput :value :sorted]
output fput first :sorted insert :value butfirst :sorted
end

;; Third step: Combine redundant states.
;; Also combines arrows with same head and tail: [1 A 2] [1 B 2] -> [1 AB 2].

to optimize :machine
localmake "stubarray array :nextstate
foreach (movepart :machine) "array.save
localmake "states sort fput (startpart :machine) ~
                            map "arrowhead movepart :machine
localmake "start startpart :machine
foreach reverse :states [optimize.state ? ?rest]
output (make.machine :start
                     map.se [fix.arrows ? item ? :stubarray] :states
                     filter [memberp ? :states] acceptpart :machine)
end

to array.save :move
setitem (arrowtail :move) :stubarray ~
        stub.add (arrow.stub :move) (item (arrowtail :move) :stubarray)
end

to stub.add :stub :stublist
if emptyp :stublist [output (list :stub)]
if (stub.head :stub) < (stub.head first :stublist) ~
   [output fput :stub :stublist]
if (stub.head :stub) = (stub.head first :stublist) ~
   [output fput make.stub letter.join (stub.text :stub)
                                      (stub.text first :stublist)
                          stub.head :stub
                butfirst :stublist]
output fput first :stublist (stub.add :stub butfirst :stublist)
end

to letter.join :this :those
if emptyp :those [output :this]
if beforep :this first :those [output word :this :those]
output word (first :those) (letter.join :this butfirst :those)
end

to optimize.state :state :others
localmake "candidates filter (ifelse memberp :state acceptpart :machine
                                     [[memberp ? acceptpart :machine]]
                                     [[not memberp ? acceptpart :machine]]) ~
                             :others
localmake "mymoves item :state :stubarray
localmake "twin find [equalp (item ? :stubarray) :mymoves] :candidates
if emptyp :twin [stop]
make "states remove :state :states
if equalp :start :state [make "start :twin]
foreach :states ~
        [setitem ? :stubarray 
                 (cascade [emptyp ?2]
                          [stub.add (change.head :state :twin first ?2) ?1]
                          filter [not equalp stub.head ? :state] item ? :stubarray
                          [butfirst ?2]
                          filter [equalp stub.head ? :state] item ? :stubarray)]
end

to change.head :from :to :stub
if not equalp (stub.head :stub) :from [output :stub]
output list (stub.text :stub) :to
end

to fix.arrows :state :stublist
output map [stub.arrow :state ?] :stublist
end

;; Data abstraction for "stub" arrow (no tail)

to arrow.stub :arrow
output butfirst :arrow
end

to make.stub :text :head
output list :text :head
end

to stub.text :stub
output first :stub
end

to stub.head :stub
output last :stub
end

to stub.arrow :tail :stub
output fput :tail :stub
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/format0000664000175000017500000000536213557147341013311 0ustar  jjcjjcto format :from :to
openread :from
openwrite :to
setread :from
setwrite :to
init.vars
loop
setread []
setwrite []
close :from
close :to
end

to init.vars
make "pageheight 66
make "topmar 6
make "lines 54
make "leftmar 7
make "width 65
make "filltab 5
make "nofilltab 0
make "parskip 1
make "spacing 1
make "started "false
make "filling "true
make "printed 0
make "inline []
end

to loop
forever [if process nextword [stop]]
end

;; Add a word to the output file, starting a new line if necessary

to process :word
if listp :word [output "true]
if not :started [start]
if (:linecount+1+count :word) > :width [putline]
addword :word
output "false
end

to addword :word
if not emptyp :line [make "linecount :linecount+1]
make "line lput :word :line
make "linecount :linecount+count :word
end

to putline
repeat :leftmar+:indent [type "| |]
putwords :line ((count :line)-1) (:width-:linecount)
newline
skip :spacing
end

to putwords :line :spaces :filler
local "perword
if emptyp :line [stop]
type first :line
make "perword ifelse :spaces > 0 [int ((:filler+:spaces-1)/:spaces)] [0]
if :filler > 0 [repeat :perword [type "| |]]
type "| |
putwords (butfirst :line) (:spaces-1) (:filler-:perword)
end

;; Get the next input word, reading a new line if necessary

to nextword
if not emptyp :inline [output extract.word]
if not :filling [break]
make "inline readword
if listp :inline [break output []]
if emptyp :inline [break output nextword]
if equalp first :inline "|*| ~
   [run butfirst :inline
    make "inline "]
make "inline skipspaces :inline
output nextword
end

to extract.word
local "result
make "result firstword :inline
make "inline skipfirst :inline
output :result
end

to firstword :word
if emptyp :word [output "]
if equalp first :word "| | [output "]
output word (first :word) (firstword butfirst :word)
end

to skipfirst :word
if emptyp :word [output "]
if equalp first :word "| | [output skipspaces :word]
output skipfirst butfirst :word
end

to skipspaces :word
if emptyp :word [output "]
if equalp first :word "| | [output skipspaces butfirst :word]
output :word
end

;; Formatting helpers

to start
make "started "true
repeat :topmar [print []]
newindent
end

to newindent
newline
make "indent ifelse :filling [:filltab] [:nofilltab]
make "linecount :indent
end

to newline
make "line []
make "indent 0
make "linecount 0
end

to break
if emptyp :line [stop]
make "linecount :width
putline
newindent
if :filling [skip :parskip]
end

;; Formatting commands to be invoked by the user

to skip :howmany
break
repeat :howmany [print []]
make "printed :printed+:howmany
if :printed < :lines [stop]
repeat :pageheight-:printed [print []]
make "printed 0
end

to nofill
break
make "filling "false
newindent
end

to yesfill
break
if not :filling [skip :parskip]
make "filling "true
newindent
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/dotgame0000664000175000017500000002077713557147341013450 0ustar  jjcjjc;;; Connect-the-dots game

to dotgame :size
; Connect-the-dots game.  Input is the number of dots on each side.
if :LogoPlatform = "Windows [maximize.window "true]
ht cs
setpc 7
setpensize [6 6]
localmake "offset (:size-1)*20
pu setpos list -:offset -:offset
board :size
localmake "lines ~
   se (crossmap [list (list ?1 ?2) (list ?1 1+?2)]
                (iseq 0 :size-1) (iseq 0 :size-2)) ~
      (crossmap [list (list ?1 ?2) (list 1+?1 ?2)]
                (iseq 0 :size-2) (iseq 0 :size-1))
localmake "computer 0
localmake "person 0
localmake "numboxes (:size-1)*(:size-1)
localmake "boxlists (array 5 0)
localmake "oldmove []
for [i 1 4] [setitem :i :boxlists []]
setitem 0 :boxlists ~
        (crossmap [list ?1 ?2] (iseq 0 :size-2) (iseq 0 :size-2))
localmake "boxes (array :size-1 0)
for [i 0 :size-2] [setitem :i :boxes (array :size-1 0)]

CATCH "WIN [FOREVER [PERSONMOVE COMMOVE]]	; play the game!

if not emptyp :oldmove [	; make the last move white
  setpc 7
  pu
  setpos map [40*? - :offset] first :oldmove
  pd
  setpos map [40*? - :offset] last :oldmove
]
if computer > :person ~
   [print (se [you lost] :computer "to :person)]
if :computer < :person ~
   [print (se [you won] :person "to :computer)]
if :computer = :person [print (se [tie game])]
setpensize [1 1]
end

; --------------- Initial board display -------------------------

to board :num
repeat :num [dots :num]
end

to dots :num
pd
repeat :num [fd 0 pu rt 90 fd 40 lt 90 pd]
pu lt 90 fd 40 * :num rt 90 fd 40
end

; -------------- Human player's move ---------------------

to personmove
; Read a mouse click, turn it into a move if legal.
localmake "move gmove
if not legal? :move [print [Not a legal move!  Try again.]
                     personmove stop]
drawline :move 6
localmake "direction reverse (map "difference (last :move) (first :move))
localmake "found "false
fillboxes 6 "person
if :found [personmove]
end

to gmove
while [not buttonp] []
while [buttonp] []
output findline (map [? + :offset] mousepos)
end

to findline :pos
; Find the nearest vertical or horizontal line to the mouse click.
localmake "xrem remainder (first :pos)+10 40
localmake "yrem remainder (last :pos)+10 40
localmake "xpos (first :pos)+10-:xrem
localmake "ypos (last :pos)+10-:yrem
if :xrem > :yrem ~
   [output list (list :xpos/40 :ypos/40) (list :xpos/40+1 :ypos/40)]
output list (list :xpos/40 :ypos/40) (list :xpos/40 :ypos/40+1)
end

to legal? :move
; Output true if this is an undrawn line segment connecting two dots.
output memberp :move :lines
end

; ----------------- Computer's move ----------------------

to commove
; The computer chooses a move, does the housekeeping for it.
; Strategy: complete boxes if possible, otherwise pick a move that doesn't
; let the opponent complete a box.
ifelse not emptyp (item 3 :boxlists) [
  localmake "move lastline first (item 3 :boxlists)
] [
  localmake "goodlines filter "lineokay? :lines
  ifelse not emptyp :goodlines [
    localmake "move pick :goodlines
  ] [
    localmake "cohorts []
    makecohorts :lines
    localmake "move lastline first smallest :cohorts
  ]
]
drawline :move 4
localmake "direction reverse (map "difference (last :move) (first :move))
localmake "found "false
fillboxes 4 "computer
if :found [commove]
end

to lineokay? :move
; Output true if this move won't let the opponent complete a box.
localmake "direction reverse (map "difference (last :move) (first :move))
output and (boxokay? first :move) ~
           (boxokay? (map "difference (first :move) :direction))
end

to boxokay? :box
; Output true if this box has fewer than 2 edges already drawn.
if or ((first :box) < 0) ((last :box) < 0) [output "true]
if or ((first :box) > (:size-2)) ((last :box) > (:size-2)) [output "true]
localmake "count item (last :box) item (first :box) :boxes
if emptyp :count [make "count 0]
output :count<2
end

to lastline :box
; Box has three lines drawn; find the missing one for us to draw.
if memberp (list :box (map "sum :box [0 1])) :lines [
  output (list :box (map "sum :box [0 1]))]
if memberp (list :box (map "sum :box [1 0])) :lines [
  output (list :box (map "sum :box [1 0]))]
if memberp (list (map "sum :box [0 1]) (map "sum :box [1 1])) :lines [
  output (list (map "sum :box [0 1]) (map "sum :box [1 1]))]
if memberp (list (map "sum :box [1 0]) (map "sum :box [1 1])) :lines [
  output (list (map "sum :box [1 0]) (map "sum :box [1 1]))]
output []	; box was full already (from makecohort)
end

to makecohorts :lines
; Partition the available boxes into chains, to look for the smallest.
; Note, the partition is not necessarily optimal -- this algorithm needs work.
; It's important that LINES be a local variable here, so that we can "draw"
; lines hypothetically that we're not really going to draw on the board.
while [not emptyp :lines] [
  localmake "cohort []
  makecohort first :lines
  push "cohorts :cohort
]
end

to makecohort :line
; Group all the boxes in a chain that starts with this line.
; Mark the line as drawn (locally to caller), then look in both directions
; for completable boxes.
make "lines remove :line :lines
localmake "direction reverse (map "difference (last :line) (first :line))
makecohort1 (map "difference (first :line) :direction)
makecohort1 first :line
end

to makecohort1 :box
; Examine one of the boxes adjoining the line just hypothetically drawn.
; It has 0, 1, or 2 undrawn sides.  (If 3 or 4, wouldn't have gotten here.)
; 0 sides -> count the box if not already, but no further lines in the chain.
; 1 side -> count the box, continue the chain with its last side.
; 2 sides -> the box isn't ready to complete, so it's not in this chain.
if or ((first :box) < 0) ((last :box) < 0) [stop]
if or ((first :box) > (:size-2)) ((last :box) > (:size-2)) [stop]
localmake "togo filter [memberp (list (map "sum :box first ?)
				      (map "sum :box last ?))
				:lines] ~
		       [[[0 0] [0 1]] [[0 0] [1 0]]
		        [[1 0] [1 1]] [[0 1] [1 1]]]
if (count :togo)=2 [stop]
if not memberp :box :cohort [push "cohort :box]
if emptyp :togo [stop]
localmake "line (list (map "sum :box first first :togo)
                      (map "sum :box last first :togo))
makecohort :line
end

to smallest :cohorts [:sofar []] [:minsize :numboxes+1]
if emptyp :cohorts [output :sofar]
if (count first :cohorts) < :minsize ~
   [output (smallest bf :cohorts first :cohorts count first :cohorts)]
output (smallest bf :cohorts :sofar :minsize)
end

; ----------- Common procedures for person and computer moves --------

to drawline :move :color
; Actually draw the selected move on the screen.
if not emptyp :oldmove [
  setpc 7
  pu
  setpos map [40*? - :offset] first :oldmove
  pd
  setpos map [40*? - :offset] last :oldmove
]
setpc :color
pu
setpos map [40*? - :offset] first :move
pd
setpos map [40*? - :offset] last :move
make "oldmove :move
end

to fillboxes :color :owner
; Implicit inputs (inherited from caller):
;   :move is the move someone just made.
;   :direction is [1 0] for vertical move, [0 1] for horizontal.
; Note that the line is drawn, check the two boxes (maybe) on either side,
; color them and count them for the appropriate player, see if game over.
make "lines remove :move :lines
if boxbefore? :move [fillbox (map "difference (first :move) :direction)]
if boxafter? :move [fillbox first :move]
testwin
end

to boxafter? :move
; Output true if the box above or to the right of the move is now complete.
output (increment first :move)=4
end

to boxbefore? :move
; Output true if the box below or to the left of the move is now complete.
localmake "p3 (map "difference (first :move) :direction)
output (increment :p3)=4
end

to increment :box
; If this isn't a box at all (might be if the move was on a border),
; just output [].  Otherwise, increment the number in the :boxes array,
; and move this box from one of the :boxlists to the next higher one.
; Output the new count of number of lines drawn in this box.
if or ((first :box) < 0) ((last :box) < 0) [output []]
if or ((first :box) > (:size-2)) ((last :box) > (:size-2)) [output []]
localmake "count item (last :box) item (first :box) :boxes
if emptyp :count [make "count 0]
setitem (last :box) item (first :box) :boxes :count+1
setitem :count :boxlists (remove :box item :count :boxlists)
setitem :count+1 :boxlists (fput :box item :count+1 :boxlists)
output :count+1
end

to fillbox :box
; Color in a completed box, increase the box count of its owner, and
; flag that a box was completed.
pu
setpos (map [40*? - :offset] :box)
filled :color [repeat 4 [fd 40 rt 90]]
make :owner (thing :owner)+1
make "found "true
end

; ------------------- Endgame processing --------------------

to testwin
if :computer+:person = :numboxes [throw "win]
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/doctor0000664000175000017500000006305313557147341013314 0ustar  jjcjjcto doctor
local [text sentence stuff a b c rules keywords memory]
make "memory []
print [Hello, I am the doctor. What can I do for you?]
print [Please end your remarks with an empty line.]
print []
loop
end

;; Controlling the conversation

to loop
make "text tokenize getstuff []
make "sentence getsentence :text
analyze :sentence :keywords
print []
loop
end

;; Reading and preparing the input

to getstuff :stuff
localmake "line readlist
if emptyp :line [output :stuff]
output getstuff sentence :stuff :line
end

to tokenize :text
output map.se [tokenword ? "] :text
end

to tokenword :word :out
if emptyp :word [output :out]
if memberp first :word [, " ] [output tokenword butfirst :word :out]
if memberp first :word [. ? ! |;|] [output sentence :out ".]
output tokenword butfirst :word word :out first :word
end

to getsentence :text
make "keywords []
output getsentence1 decapitalize :text []
end

to getsentence1 :text :out
if emptyp :text [output :out]
if equalp first :text ". ~
   [ifelse emptyp :keywords ~
           [output getsentence1 decapitalize butfirst :text []] [output :out]]
checkpriority first :text
output getsentence1 butfirst :text sentence :out translate first :text
end

to decapitalize :text
if emptyp :text [output []]
output fput lowercase first :text butfirst :text
end

to checkpriority :word
localmake "priority gprop :word "priority
if emptyp :priority [stop]
if emptyp :keywords [make "keywords ( list :word ) stop]
ifelse :priority > ( gprop first :keywords "priority ) ~
       [make "keywords fput :word :keywords] ~
       [make "keywords lput :word :keywords]
end

to translate :word
localmake "new gprop :word "translation
output ifelse emptyp :new [:word] [:new]
end

;; Choosing the rule and replying

to analyze :sentence :keywords
local [rules keyword]
if emptyp :keywords [norules stop]
make "keyword first :keywords
make "rules gprop :keyword "rules
if wordp first :rules ~
   [make "keyword first :rules make "rules gprop :keyword "rules]
checkrules :keyword :rules
end

to checkrules :keyword :rules
if not match first :rules :sentence ~
   [checkrules :keyword butfirst butfirst :rules stop]
dorule first butfirst :rules
end

to dorule :rule
localmake "print first gprop :keyword :rule
pprop :keyword :rule lput :print butfirst gprop :keyword :rule
if equalp :print "newkey [analyze :sentence butfirst :keywords stop]
if wordp :print [checkrules :print gprop :print "rules stop]
if equalp first :print "pre ~
   [analyze reconstruct first butfirst :print butfirst butfirst :print stop]
print capitalize reconstruct :print
memory :keyword :sentence
end

to reconstruct :sentence
if emptyp :sentence [output []]
if not equalp ": first first :sentence ~
   [output fput first :sentence reconstruct butfirst :sentence]
output sentence reword first :sentence reconstruct butfirst :sentence
end

to reword :word
if memberp last :word [. ? ,] [output addpunct reword butlast :word last :word]
output thing butfirst :word
end

to addpunct :stuff :char
if wordp :stuff [output word :stuff :char]
if emptyp :stuff [output :char]
output sentence butlast :stuff word last :stuff :char
end

to capitalize :text
if emptyp :text [output []]
output fput (word uppercase first first :text butfirst first :text) butfirst :text
end

to memory :keyword :sentence
local [rules rule name]
make "rules gprop :keyword "memr
if emptyp :rules [stop]
if not match first :rules :sentence [stop]
make "name last :rules
make "rules gprop :keyword :name
make "rule first :rules
pprop :keyword :name lput :rule butfirst :rules
make "memory fput reconstruct :sentence :memory
end

to norules
ifelse :memflag [usememory] [lastresort]
make "memflag not :memflag
end

to lastresort
print first :lastresort
make "lastresort lput first :lastresort butfirst :lastresort
end

to usememory
if emptyp :memory [lastresort stop]
print capitalize first :memory
make "memory butfirst :memory
end

;; Predicates for patterns

to beliefp :word
output not emptyp gprop :word "belief
end

to familyp :word
output not emptyp gprop :word "family
end

;; Procedures for adding to the script

to addrule :word :pattern :results
localmake "propname gensym
pprop :word "rules (sentence gprop :word "rules list :pattern :propname)
pprop :word :propname :results
end

to addmemr :word :pattern :results
localmake "propname gensym
pprop :word "memr (sentence gprop :word "memr list :pattern :propname)
pprop :word :propname :results
end

;; data

make "gensym.number 80

make "lastresort [[I am not sure I understand you fully.] [Please go on.]
                  [What does that suggest to you?]
                  [Do you feel strongly about discussing such things?]]

make "memflag "false

pprop "alike "priority 10
pprop "alike "rules [dit]

pprop "always "priority 1
pprop "always "rules [[#] g69]
pprop "always "g69 [[Can you think of a specific example?] [When?]
                    [What incident are you thinking of?]
                    [Really, always?] [What if this never happened?]]

pprop "am "priority 0
pprop "am "translation "are
pprop "am "rules [[# are you #stuff] g18 [#] g19]
pprop "am "g18 [[Do you believe you are :stuff?] [Would you want to be :stuff?]
                [You wish I would tell you you are :stuff.]
                [What would it mean if you were :stuff?] how]
pprop "am "g19 [[Why do you say "am"?] [I don't understand that.]]

pprop "are "priority 0
pprop "are "rules [[#a there are #b you #c] g20 [# there are &stuff] g21
                   [# are I #stuff] g22 [are #] g23 [# are #stuff] g24]
pprop "are "g20 [[pre [:a there are :b] are]]
pprop "are "g21 [[What makes you think there are :stuff?]
                 [Do you usually consider :stuff?]
                 [Do you wish there were :stuff?]]
pprop "are "g22 [[Why are you interested in whether I am :stuff or not?]
                 [Would you prefer if I weren't :stuff?]
                 [Perhaps I am :stuff in your fantasies.]
                 [Do you sometimes think I am :stuff?] how]
pprop "are "g23 [how]
pprop "are "g24 [[Did you think they might not be :stuff?]
                 [Would you like it if they were not :stuff?]
                 [What if they were not :stuff?] [Possibly they are :stuff.]]

pprop "ask "priority 0
pprop "ask "rules [[# you ask #] g77 [# you ! asking #] g78 [# I #] g79 [#] g80]
pprop "ask "g77 [how]
pprop "ask "g78 [how]
pprop "ask "g79 [you]
pprop "ask "g80 [newkey]

pprop "because "priority 0
pprop "because "rules [[#] g64]
pprop "because "g64 [[Is that the real reason?]
                     [Don't any other reasons come to mind?]
                     [Does that reason seem to explain anything else?]
                     [What other reasons might there be?]
                     [You're not concealing anything from me, are you?]]

pprop "believe "belief "true

pprop "bet "belief "true

pprop "brother "family "true

pprop "can "priority 0
pprop "can "rules [[# can I #stuff] g58 [# can you #stuff] g59 [#] g60]
pprop "can "g58 [[You believe I can :stuff, don't you?] how
                 [You want me to be able to :stuff.]
                 [Perhaps you would like to be able to :stuff yourself.]]
pprop "can "g59 [[Whether or not you can :stuff depends more on you than on me.]
                 [Do you want to be able to :stuff?]
                 [Perhaps you don't want to :stuff.] how]
pprop "can "g60 [how newkey]

pprop "cant "translation "can't

pprop "certainly "priority 0
pprop "certainly "rules [yes]

pprop "children "family "true

pprop "computer "priority 50
pprop "computer "rules [[#] g17]
pprop "computer "g17 [[Do computers worry you?]
                      [Why do you mention computers?]
                      [What do you think machines have to do with your problem?]
                      [Don't you think computers can help people?]
                      [What about machines worries you?]
                      [What do you think about machines?]]

pprop "computers "priority 50
pprop "computers "rules [computer]

pprop "dad "translation "father
pprop "dad "family "true

pprop "daddy "translation "father
pprop "daddy "family "true

pprop "deutsch "priority 0
pprop "deutsch "rules [[#] g15]
pprop "deutsch "g15 [[I'm sorry, I speak only English.]]

pprop "dit "rules [[#] g72]
pprop "dit "g72 [[In what way?] [What resemblance do you see?]
                 [What does that similarity suggest to you?]
                 [What other connections do you see?]
                 [What do you suppose that resemblance means?]
                 [What is the connection, do you suppose?]
                 [Could there really be some connection?] how]

pprop "dont "translation "don't

pprop "dream "priority 3
pprop "dream "rules [[#] g9]
pprop "dream "g9 [[What does that dream suggest to you?] [Do you dream often?]
                  [What persons appear in your dreams?]
                  [Don't you believe that dream has something to do
                   with your problem?]
                  [Do you ever wish you could flee from reality?] newkey]

pprop "dreamed "priority 4
pprop "dreamed "rules [[# you dreamed #stuff] g7 [#] g8]
pprop "dreamed "g7 [[Really :stuff?]
                    [Have you ever fantasied :stuff while you were awake?]
                    [Have you dreamed :stuff before?] dream newkey]
pprop "dreamed "g8 [dream newkey]

pprop "dreams "translation "dream
pprop "dreams "priority 3
pprop "dreams "rules [dream]

pprop "dreamt "translation "dreamed
pprop "dreamt "priority 4
pprop "dreamt "rules [dreamed]

pprop "espanol "priority 0
pprop "espanol "rules [deutsch]

pprop "everybody "priority 2
pprop "everybody "rules [everyone]

pprop "everyone "priority 2
pprop "everyone "rules [[# !a:in [everyone everybody nobody noone] #] g68]
pprop "everyone "g68 [[Really, :a?] [Surely not :a.]
                      [Can you think of anyone in particular?]
                      [Who, for example?]
                      [You are thinking of a very special person.]
                      [Who, may I ask?] [Someone special perhaps.]
                      [You have a particular person in mind, don't you?]
                      [Who do you think you're talking about?]
                      [I suspect you're exaggerating a little.]]

pprop "father "family "true

pprop "feel "belief "true

pprop "francais "priority 0
pprop "francais "rules [deutsch]

pprop "hello "priority 0
pprop "hello "rules [[#] g16]
pprop "hello "g16 [[How do you do. Please state your problem.]]

pprop "how "priority 0
pprop "how "rules [[#] g63]
pprop "how "g63 [[Why do you ask?] [Does that question interest you?]
                 [What is it you really want to know?]
                 [Are such questions much on your mind?]
                 [What answer would please you most?] [What do you think?]
                 [What comes to your mind when you ask that?]
                 [Have you asked such questions before?]
                 [Have you asked anyone else?]]

pprop "husband "family "true

pprop "i "priority 0
pprop "i "translation "you
pprop "i "rules [[# you !:in [want need] #stuff] g32
                 [# you are # !stuff:in [sad unhappy depressed sick] #] g33
                 [# you are # !stuff:in [happy elated glad better] #] g34
                 [# you was #] g35 [# you !:beliefp you #stuff] g36
                 [# you # !:beliefp # i #] g37 [# you are #stuff] g38
                 [# you !:in [can't cannot] #stuff] g39
                 [# you don't #stuff] g40 [# you feel #stuff] g41
                 [# you #stuff i #] g42 [#stuff] g43]
pprop "i "g32 [[What would it mean to you if you got :stuff?]
               [Why Do you want :stuff?] [Suppose you got :stuff soon.]
               [What if you never got :stuff?]
               [What would getting :stuff mean to you?] [You really want :stuff.]
               [I suspect you really don't want :stuff.]]
pprop "i "g33 [[I'm sorry to hear you are :stuff.]
               [Do you think coming here will help you not to be :stuff?]
               [I'm sure it's not pleasant to be :stuff.]
               [Can you explain what made you :stuff?] [Please go on.]]
pprop "i "g34 [[How have I helped you to be :stuff?]
               [Has your treatment made you :stuff?]
               [What makes you :stuff just now?]
               [Can you explain why you are suddenly :stuff?]
               [Are you sure?] [What do you mean by :stuff?]]
pprop "i "g35 [was]
pprop "i "g36 [[Do you really think so?] [But you are not sure you :stuff.]
               [Do you really doubt you :stuff?]]
pprop "i "g37 [you]
pprop "i "g38 [[Is it because you are :stuff that you came to me?]
               [How long have you been :stuff?]
               [Do you believe it normal to be :stuff?] [Do you enjoy being :stuff?]]
pprop "i "g39 [[How do you know you can't :stuff?] [Have you tried?]
               [Perhaps you could :stuff now.]
               [Do you really want to be able to :stuff?]]
pprop "i "g40 [[Don't you really :stuff?] [Why don't you :stuff?]
               [Do you wish to be able to :stuff?] [Does that trouble you?]]
pprop "i "g41 [[Tell me more about such feelings.] [Do you often feel :stuff?]
               [Do you enjoy feeling :stuff?]
               [Of what does feeling :stuff remind you?]]
pprop "i "g42 [[Perhaps in your fantasy we :stuff each other.]
               [Do you wish to :stuff me?] [You seem to need to :stuff me.]
               [Do you :stuff anyone else?]]
pprop "i "g43 [[You say :stuff.] [Can you elaborate on that?]
               [Do you say :stuff for some special reason?]
               [That's quite interesting.]]

pprop "i'm "priority 0
pprop "i'm "translation "you're
pprop "i'm "rules [[# you're #stuff] g31]
pprop "i'm "g31 [[pre [you are :stuff] I]]

pprop "if "priority 3
pprop "if "rules [[#a if #b had #c] g5 [# if #stuff] g6]
pprop "if "g5 [[pre [:a if :b might have :c] if]]
pprop "if "g6 [[Do you think it's likely that :stuff?] [Do you wish that :stuff?]
               [What do you think about :stuff?]]

pprop "is "priority 0
pprop "is "rules [[&a is &b] g61 [#] g62]
pprop "is "g61 [[Suppose :a were not :b.] [Perhaps :a really is :b.]
                [Tell me more about :a.]]
pprop "is "g62 [newkey]

pprop "italiano "priority 0
pprop "italiano "rules [deutsch]

pprop "like "priority 10
pprop "like "rules [[# !:in [am is are was] # like #] g70 [#] g71]
pprop "like "g70 [dit]
pprop "like "g71 [newkey]

pprop "machine "priority 50
pprop "machine "rules [computer]

pprop "machines "priority 50
pprop "machines "rules [computer]

pprop "maybe "priority 0
pprop "maybe "rules [perhaps]

pprop "me "translation "you

pprop "mom "translation "mother
pprop "mom "family "true

pprop "mommy "translation "mother
pprop "mommy "family "true

pprop "mother "family "true

pprop "my "priority 2
pprop "my "translation "your
pprop "my "rules [[# your # !a:familyp #b] g55 [# your &stuff] g56 [#] g57]
pprop "my "g55 [[Tell me more about your family.] [Who else in your family :b?]
                [Your :a?] [What else comes to mind when you think of your :a?]]
pprop "my "g56 [[Your :stuff?] [Why do you say your :stuff?]
                [Does that suggest anything else which belongs to you?]
                [Is it important to you that your :stuff?]]
pprop "my "g57 [newkey]
pprop "my "memr [[# your &stuff] g12]
pprop "my "g12 [[Earlier you said your :stuff.] [But your :stuff.]
                [Does that have anything to do with your statement about :stuff?]]

pprop "myself "translation "yourself

pprop "name "priority 15
pprop "name "rules [[#] g14]
pprop "name "g14 [[I am not interested in names.]
                  [I've told you before I don't care about names\; please continue.]]

pprop "no "priority 0
pprop "no "rules [[no] g53 [#] g54]
pprop "no "g53 [xxyyzz [pre [x no] no]]
pprop "no "g54 [[Are you saying "no" just to be negative?]
                [You are being a bit negative.] [Why not?] [Why "no"?] newkey]

pprop "nobody "priority 2
pprop "nobody "rules [everyone]

pprop "noone "priority 2
pprop "noone "rules [everyone]

pprop "perhaps "priority 0
pprop "perhaps "rules [[#] g13]
pprop "perhaps "g13 [[You don't seem quite certain.] [Why the uncertain tone?]
                     [Can't you be more positive?] [You aren't sure.]
                     [Don't you know?]]

pprop "problem "priority 5
pprop "problem "rules [[#a !b:in [is are] your !c:in [problem problems] #] g73
                       [# your !a:in [problem problems] !b:in [is are] #c] g74
                       [#] g75]
pprop "problem "g73 [[:a :b your :c.] [Are you sure :a :b your :c?]
                     [Perhaps :a :b not your real :c.]
                     [You think you have problems?]
                     [Do you often think about :a?]]
pprop "problem "g74 [[Your :a :b :c?] [Are you sure your :a :b :c?]
                     [Perhaps your real :a :b not :c.] [You think you have problems?]]
pprop "problem "g75 [[Please continue, this may be interesting.]
                     [Have you any other problems you wish to discuss?]
                     [Perhaps you'd rather change the subject.]
                     [You seem a bit uneasy.] newkey]
pprop "problem "memr [[#stuff is your problem #] g76]
pprop "problem "g76 [[Earlier you mentioned :stuff.]
                     [Let's talk further about :stuff.]
                     [Tell me more about :stuff.]
                     [You haven't mentioned :stuff for a while.]]

pprop "problems "priority 5
pprop "problems "rules [problem]

pprop "remember "priority 5
pprop "remember "rules [[# you remember #stuff] g2 [# do I remember #stuff] g3 [#] g4]
pprop "remember "g2 [[Do you often think of :stuff?]
                     [Does thinking of :stuff bring anything else to mind?]
                     [What else do you remember?]
                     [Why do you remember :stuff just now?]
                     [What in the present situation reminds you of :stuff?]]
pprop "remember "g3 [[Did you think I would forget :stuff?]
                     [Why do you think I should recall :stuff now?]
                     [What about :stuff?] what [You mentioned :stuff.]]
pprop "remember "g4 [newkey]

pprop "same "priority 10
pprop "same "rules [dit]

pprop "sister "family "true

pprop "sorry "priority 0
pprop "sorry "rules [[#] g1]
pprop "sorry "g1 [[Please don't apologize.] [Apologies are not necessary.]
                  [What feelings do you have when you apologize?]
                  [I've told you that apologies are not required.]]

pprop "svenska "priority 0
pprop "svenska "rules [deutsch]

pprop "think "belief "true

pprop "was "priority 2
pprop "was "rules [[# was you #stuff] g26 [# you was #stuff] g27
                   [# was I #stuff] g28 [#] g29]
pprop "was "g26 [[What if you were :stuff?] [Do you think you were :stuff?]
                 [Were you :stuff?] [What would it mean if you were :stuff?]
                 [What does " :stuff " suggest to you?] how]
pprop "was "g27 [[Were you really?] [Why do you tell me you were :stuff now?]
                 [Perhaps I already knew you were :stuff.]]
pprop "was "g28 [[Would you like to believe I was :stuff?]
                 [What suggests that I was :stuff?] [What do you think?]
                 [Perhaps I was :stuff.] [What if I had been :stuff?]]
pprop "was "g29 [newkey]

pprop "we "translation "you
pprop "we "priority 0
pprop "we "rules [I]

pprop "were "priority 0
pprop "were "translation "was
pprop "were "rules [was]

pprop "what "priority 0
pprop "what "rules [[!:in [what where] #] g10 [# !a:in [what where] #b] g11]
pprop "what "g10 [how]
pprop "what "g11 [[Tell me about :a :b.] [:a :b?] [Do you want me to tell you :a :b?]
                  [Really.] [I see.] newkey]

pprop "where "priority 0
pprop "where "rules [how]

pprop "why "priority 0
pprop "why "rules [[# why don't I #stuff] g65 [# why can't you #stuff] g66 [#] g67]
pprop "why "g65 [[Do you believe I don't :stuff?]
                 [Perhaps I will :stuff in good time.]
                 [Should you :stuff yourself?] [You want me to :stuff?] how]
pprop "why "g66 [[Do you think you should be able to :stuff?]
                 [Do you want to be able to :stuff?]
                 [Do you believe this will help you to :stuff?]
                 [Have you any idea why you can't :stuff?] how]
pprop "why "g67 [[Why indeed?] [Why "why"?] [Why not?] how newkey]

pprop "wife "family "true

pprop "wish "belief "true

pprop "wont "translation "won't

pprop "xxyyzz "priority 0
pprop "xxyyzz "rules [[#] g50]
pprop "xxyyzz "g50 [[You're being somewhat short with me.]
                    [You don't seem very talkative today.]
                    [Perhaps you'd rather talk about something else.]
                    [Are you using monosyllables for some reason?] newkey]

pprop "yes "priority 0
pprop "yes "rules [[yes] g51 [#] g52]
pprop "yes "g51 [xxyyzz [pre [x yes] yes]]
pprop "yes "g52 [[You seem quite positive.] [You are sure.] [I see.]
                 [I understand.] newkey]

pprop "you "priority 0
pprop "you "translation "I
pprop "you "rules [[# I remind you of #] g44 [# I are # you #] g45
                   [# I # are #stuff] g46 [# I #stuff you] g47
                   [# I &stuff] g48 [#] g49]
pprop "you "g44 [dit]
pprop "you "g45 [newkey]
pprop "you "g46 [[What makes you think I am :stuff?]
                 [Does it please you to believe I am :stuff?]
                 [Perhaps you would like to be :stuff.]
                 [Do you sometimes wish you were :stuff?]]
pprop "you "g47 [[Why do you think I :stuff you?]
                 [You like to think I :stuff you, don't you?]
                 [What makes you think I :stuff you?] [Really, I :stuff you?]
                 [Do you wish to believe I :stuff you?]
                 [Suppose I did :stuff you. what would that mean?]
                 [Does someone else believe I :stuff you?]]
pprop "you "g48 [[We were discussing you, not me.] [Oh, I :stuff?]
                 [Is this really relevant to your problem?] [Perhaps I do :stuff.]
                 [Are you glad to know I :stuff?] [Do you :stuff?]
                 [What are your feelings now?]]
pprop "you "g49 [newkey]

pprop "you're "priority 0
pprop "you're "translation "I'm
pprop "you're "rules [[# I'm #stuff] g30]
pprop "you're "g30 [[pre [I are :stuff] you]]

pprop "your "priority 0
pprop "your "translation "my
pprop "your "rules [[# my #stuff] g25]
pprop "your "g25 [[Why are you concerned over my :stuff?]
                  [What about your own :stuff?]
                  [Are you worried about someone else's :stuff?]
                  [Really, my :stuff?]]

pprop "yourself "translation "myself


to match :pat :sen
local [special.var special.pred special.buffer in.list]
if or wordp :pat wordp :sen [output "false]
if emptyp :pat [output emptyp :sen]
if listp first :pat [output special fput "!: :pat :sen]
if memberp first first :pat [? # ! & @ ^] [output special :pat :sen]
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if equalp first :pat first :sen [output match butfirst :pat butfirst :sen]
output "false
end

;; Parsing quantifiers

to special :pat :sen
set.special parse.special butfirst first :pat "
output run word "match first first :pat
end

to parse.special :word :var
if emptyp :word [output list :var "always]
if equalp first :word ": [output list :var butfirst :word]
output parse.special butfirst :word word :var first :word
end

to set.special :list
make "special.var first :list
make "special.pred last :list
if emptyp :special.var [make "special.var "special.buffer]
if memberp :special.pred [in anyof] [set.in]
if not emptyp :special.pred [stop]
make "special.pred first butfirst :pat
make "pat fput first :pat butfirst butfirst :pat
end

to set.in
make "in.list first butfirst :pat
make "pat fput first :pat butfirst butfirst :pat
end

;; Exactly one match

to match!
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if not try.pred [output "false]
make :special.var first :sen
output match butfirst :pat butfirst :sen
end

;; Zero or one match

to match?
make :special.var []
if emptyp :sen [output match butfirst :pat :sen]
if not try.pred [output match butfirst :pat :sen]
make :special.var first :sen
if match butfirst :pat butfirst :sen [output "true]
make :special.var []
output match butfirst :pat :sen
end

;; Zero or more matches

to match#
make :special.var []
output #test #gather :sen
end

to #gather :sen
if emptyp :sen [output :sen]
if not try.pred [output :sen]
make :special.var lput first :sen thing :special.var
output #gather butfirst :sen
end

to #test :sen
if match butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output #test2 fput last thing :special.var :sen
end

to #test2 :sen
make :special.var butlast thing :special.var
output #test :sen
end

;; One or more matches

to match&
output &test match#
end

to &test :tf
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output :tf
end

;; Zero or more matches (as few as possible)

to match^
make :special.var []
output ^test :sen
end

to ^test :sen
if match butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]
if emptyp :sen [output "false]
if not try.pred [output "false]
make :special.var lput first :sen thing :special.var
output ^test butfirst :sen
end

;; Match words in a group

to match@
make :special.var :sen
output @test []
end

to @test :sen
if @try.pred [if match butfirst :pat :sen [output "true]]
if emptyp thing :special.var [output "false]
output @test2 fput last thing :special.var :sen
end

to @test2 :sen
make :special.var butlast thing :special.var
output @test :sen
end

;; Applying the predicates

to try.pred
if listp :special.pred [output match :special.pred first :sen]
output run list :special.pred quoted first :sen
end

to quoted :thing
if listp :thing [output :thing]
output word "" :thing
end

to @try.pred
if listp :special.pred [output match :special.pred thing :special.var]
output run list :special.pred thing :special.var
end

;; Special predicates

to always :x
output "true
end

to in :word
output memberp :word :in.list
end

to anyof :sen
output anyof1 :sen :in.list
end

to anyof1 :sen :pats
if emptyp :pats [output "false]
if match first :pats :sen [output "true]
output anyof1 :sen butfirst :pats
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/diff0000664000175000017500000000766513557147341012741 0ustar  jjcjjcto diff :file1 :file2 :output
local "caseignoredp
make "caseignoredp "false
openread :file1
openread :file2
if not emptyp :output [openwrite :output]
setwrite :output
print [DIFF results:]
print sentence [< File 1 =] :file1
print sentence [> File 2 =] :file2
diff.same (makefile 1 :file1) (makefile 2 :file2)
print "==========
setread []
setwrite []
close :file1
close :file2
if not emptyp :output [close :output]
end

;; Skip over identical lines in the two files.

to diff.same :fib1 :fib2
local [line1 line2]
do.while [make "line1 getline :fib1
          make "line2 getline :fib2
          if and listp :line1 listp :line2 [stop]    ; Both files ended.
] [equalp :line1 :line2]
addline :fib1 :line1                                 ; Difference found.
addline :fib2 :line2
diff.differ :fib1 :fib2
end

;; Remember differing lines while looking for ones that match.

to diff.differ :fib1 :fib2
local "line
make "line readline :fib1
addline :fib1 :line
ifelse memberp :line lines :fib2 ~
       [diff.found :fib1 :fib2] ~
       [diff.differ :fib2 :fib1]
end

to diff.found :fib1 :fib2
local "lines
make "lines member2 (last butlast lines :fib1) ~
                    (last lines :fib1) ~
                    (lines :fib2)
ifelse emptyp :lines ~
       [diff.differ :fib2 :fib1] ~
       [report :fib1 :fib2 (butlast butlast lines :fib1)
             (firstn (lines :fib2) (count lines :fib2)-(count :lines))]
end

to member2 :line1 :line2 :lines
if emptyp butfirst :lines [output []]
if and equalp :line1 first :lines equalp :line2 first butfirst :lines ~
   [output :lines]
output member2 :line1 :line2 butfirst :lines
end

to firstn :stuff :number
if :number = 0 [output []]
output fput (first :stuff) (firstn butfirst :stuff :number-1)
end

;; Read from file or from saved lines.

to getline :fib
nextlinenum :fib
output readline :fib
end

to readline :fib
if savedp :fib [output popsaved :fib]
setread filename :fib
output readword
end

;; Matching lines found, now report the differences.

to report :fib1 :fib2 :lines1 :lines2
local [end1 end2 dashes]
if equalp (which :fib1) 2 [report :fib2 :fib1 :lines2 :lines1 stop]
print "==========
make "end1 (linenum :fib1)+(count :lines1)-1
make "end2 (linenum :fib2)+(count :lines2)-1
make "dashes "false
ifelse :end1 < (linenum :fib1) [
    print (sentence "INSERT :end1+1 (word (linenum :fib2) "- :end2))
] [ifelse :end2 < (linenum :fib2) [
    print (sentence "DELETE (word (linenum :fib1) "- :end1) :end2+1)
] [
    print (sentence "CHANGE (word (linenum :fib1) "- :end1)
                            (word (linenum :fib2) "- :end2))
    make "dashes "true
]]
process :fib1 "|< | :lines1 :end1
if :dashes [print "-----]
process :fib2 "|> | :lines2 :end2
diff.same :fib1 :fib2
end

to process :fib :prompt :lines :end
foreach :lines [type :prompt print ?]
savelines :fib butfirst butfirst chop :lines (lines :fib)
setlines :fib []
setlinenum :fib :end+2
end

to chop :counter :stuff
if emptyp :counter [output :stuff]
output chop butfirst :counter butfirst :stuff
end

;; Constructor, selectors, and mutators for File Information Block (FIB)
;; Five elements: file number, file name, line number,
;; differing lines, and saved lines for re-reading.

to makefile :number :name
local "file
make "file array 5               ; Items 4 and 5 will be empty lists.
setitem 1 :file :number
setitem 2 :file :name
setitem 3 :file 0
output :file
end

to which :fib
output item 1 :fib
end

to filename :fib
output item 2 :fib
end

to linenum :fib
output item 3 :fib
end

to nextlinenum :fib
setitem 3 :fib (item 3 :fib)+1
end

to setlinenum :fib :value
setitem 3 :fib :value
end

to addline :fib :line
setitem 4 :fib (lput :line item 4 :fib)
end

to setlines :fib :value
setitem 4 :fib :value
end

to lines :fib
output item 4 :fib
end

to savelines :fib :value
setitem 5 :fib (sentence :value item 5 :fib)
end

to savedp :fib
output not emptyp item 5 :fib
end

to popsaved :fib
local "result
make "result first item 5 :fib
setitem 5 :fib (butfirst item 5 :fib)
output :result
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/crypto0000664000175000017500000001670313557147341013342 0ustar  jjcjjcto crypto :text
make "text map "uppercase :text
make "fulltext :text
make "moretext []
make "textstack []
if not procedurep "letterp [copydef "letterp "namep]
forletters "A "Z "initvars
make "maxcount 0
initcount "single
initcount "triple
cleartext
histogram :text
redisplay "false
if or guess.single guess.triple [showclear :text]
parseloop
end

;; Initialization

to initcount :type
setlist. :type []
setcount. :type 0
end

to initvars :letter
setcnt :letter 0
make :letter "| |
setunbound :letter
end

;; Histogram

to histogram :text
foreach :text [localmake "word filter "letterp ?
               foreach :word "histlet
               prepare.guess :word]
end

to histlet :letter
localmake "cnt 1+cnt :letter
setcursor list (index :letter) (nonneg 24-:cnt)
type :letter
setcnt :letter :cnt
if :maxcount < :cnt [make "maxcount :cnt]
end

;; Guessing letters

to prepare.guess :word
if equalp count :word 1 [tally "single :word]
if equalp count :word 3 [tally "triple :word]
end

to tally :type :word
localmake "countvar word :type :word
if not memberp :word list. :type ~
   [setlist. :type fput :word list. :type   make :countvar 0]
localmake "count (thing :countvar)+1
make :countvar :count
if :count > (count. :type) ~
   [setcount. :type :count   setmax. :type :word]
end

to guess.single
if emptyp (list. "single) [output "false]
if emptyp butfirst (list. "single) ~
   [qbind first (list. "single) "A  output "true]
qbind (max. "single) "A
qbind (ifelse equalp first (list. "single) (max. "single)
              [last (list. "single)]
              [first (list. "single)]) ~
      "I
output "true
end

to guess.triple
if emptyp (list. "triple) [output "false]
if :maxcount < (3+cnt last (max. "triple))	 ~
   [qbind first (max. "triple) "T
    qbind first butfirst (max. "triple) "H
    qbind last (max. "triple) "E
    output "true]
output "false
end

;; Keyboard commands

to parseloop
forever [parsekey uppercase readchar]
end

to parsekey :char
if :char = "@ [fullclear stop]
if :char = "+ [moretext stop]
if :char = "- [lesstext stop]
if not letterp :char [beep stop]
bind :char uppercase readchar
end

;; Keeping track of guesses

to bind :from :to
if not equalp :to "| | [if not letterp :to [beep stop]
                        if boundp :to [beep stop]]
if letterp thing :from [dark thing :from]
make :from :to
fixtop :from
if letterp :to [light :to]
showclear :text
end

to qbind :from :to
if letterp thing :from [stop]
make :from :to
fixtop :from
light :to
end

;; Maintaining the display

to redisplay :flag
cleartext
showtop
alphabet
showcode :text
if :flag [showclear :text]
end

;; Top section of display (letter counts and guesses)

to showtop
setcursor [0 0]
showrow "A "E
showrow "F "J
showrow "K "O
showrow "P "T
showrow "U "Y
showrow "Z "Z
end

to showrow :from :to
forletters :from :to [setposn ? cursor   onetop ?]
print []
end

to onetop :letter
localmake "count cnt :letter
if :count = 0 [type word :letter "|      | stop]
localmake "text (word :letter "- twocol :count "- thing :letter)
ifelse :maxcount < :count+3 [invtype :text] [type :text]
type "| |
end

to twocol :number
if :number > 9 [output :number]
output word 0 :number
end

to fixtop :letter
setcursor posn :letter
onetop :letter
end

;; Middle section of display (guessed cleartext letters)

to alphabet
setcursor [6 6]
forletters "A "Z [ifelse boundp ? [invtype ?] [type ?]]
end

to light :letter
setcursor list 6+(index :letter) 6
invtype :letter
setbound :letter
end

to dark :letter
setcursor list 6+(index :letter) 6
type :letter
setunbound :letter
end

;; Bottom section of display (coded text)

to showcode :text
make "moretext []
showcode1 8 0 :text
end

to showcode1 :row :col :text
if emptyp :text [make "moretext [] stop]
if :row > 22 [stop]
if and equalp :row 16 equalp :col 0 [make "moretext :text]
if (:col+count first :text) > 37 [showcode1 :row+2 0 :text stop]
codeword :row :col first :text
showcode1 :row (:col+1+count first :text) butfirst :text
end

to codeword :row :col :word
setcursor list :col :row
invtype :word
end

;; Bottom section of display (cleartext)

to showclear :text
showclear1 8 0 :text 2
end

to showclear1 :row :col :text :delta
if emptyp :text [stop]
if :row > 23 [stop]
if keyp [stop]
if (:col+count first :text) > 37 ~
   [showclear1 :row+:delta 0 :text :delta stop]
clearword :row :col first :text
showclear1 :row (:col+1+count first :text) butfirst :text :delta
end

to clearword :row :col :word
setcursor list :col :row+1
foreach :word [ifelse letterp ? [type thing ?] [type ?]]
end

;; Windowing commands

to fullclear
cleartext
showclear1 0 0 :fulltext 1
print []
invtype [type any char to redisplay]
ignore readchar
redisplay "true
end

to moretext
if emptyp :moretext [beep stop]
push "textstack :text
make "text :moretext
redisplay "true
end

to lesstext
if emptyp :textstack [beep stop]
make "text pop "textstack
redisplay "true
end

;; Iteration tool for letters

to forletters :from :to :action
for [lettercode [ascii :from] [ascii :to]] ~
    [apply :action (list char :lettercode)]
end

;; Data abstraction (constructors and selectors)

to setbound :letter
make word "bound :letter "true
end

to setunbound :letter
make word "bound :letter "false
end

to boundp :letter
output thing word "bound :letter
end

to setcnt :letter :thing
make (word "cnt :letter) :thing
end

to cnt :letter
output thing (word "cnt :letter)
end

to setposn :letter :thing
make (word "posn :letter) :thing
end

to posn :letter
output thing (word "posn :letter)
end

to setcount. :word :thing
make (word "count. :word) :thing
end

to count. :word
output thing (word "count. :word)
end

to setlist. :word :thing
make (word "list. :word) :thing
end

to list. :word
output thing (word "list. :word)
end

to setmax. :word :thing
make (word "max. :word) :thing
end

to max. :word
output thing (word "max. :word)
end

;; Miscellaneous helpers

to index :letter
output (ascii :letter)-(ascii "A)
end

to beep
tone 440 15
end

to invtype :text
type standout :text
end

to nonneg :number
output ifelse :number < 0 [0] [:number]
end

;; Sample cryptograms

make "cgram1 [Dzynufqyjulli, jpqhq ok yr hoxpj qnzeujory qceqwj xhrtoyx
   zw oyjr u trhjptpolq trhln. oynqqn, rzh qceqkkogq eryeqhy tojp
   whrvlqfk rd qnzeujory uj whqkqyj kofwli fquyk jpuj jpq |xhrty-zwk| nr
   yrj pugq kzep u trhln. u nqeqyj qnzeujory uofk uj, whqwuhqk drh, u
   frhq trhjptpolq dzjzhq, tojp u noddqhqyj erffzyoji kwohoj, noddqhqyj
   reezwujoryk, uyn frhq hqul zjoloji jpuy ujjuoyoyx kjujzk uyn kuluhi.]

make "cgram2 [Lvo vfkp lfzj md opaxflimn iz lm gitokflo fnp zlkonblvon f
   hmalv'z inilifliuo, fnp fl lvo zfyo liyo lm zoo lm il lvfl vo jnmwz
   wvfl iz noxozzfkh lm xmco wilv lvo mnbminb fxliuilioz fnp xaglako md
   zmxiolh, zm lvfl viz inilifliuo xfn to kogoufnl. il iz ftzakp lm
   lvinj lvfl lviz lfzj xfn to fxxmycgizvop th zm yaxv zillinb in f tms
   dfxinb dkmnl, yfnicagflinb zhytmgz fl lvo pikoxlimn md pizlfnl
   fpyinizlkflmkz. lviz iz kflvok f wfh lm kobiyonl fnp tkfinwfzv.]

make "cgram3 [Pcodl hbdcx qxdrdlh yihcodr, hbd rzbiier gxd lih ziyqdhdlh
   hi hdgzb gwhbdlhcz echdxgzf, xdgnclp gr g ydglr ia ecudxghcil gln
   zwehcoghcil. gln c niwuh hbgh yirh ia wr jbi rdxciwref xdgn gln jxchd
   hbd dlpecrb eglpwgpd dodx edgxldn ch uf hbd xiwhd ia "xwl, rqih, xwl"
   hi rcegr ygxldx.]

make "cgram4 [Jw btn xnsgsyp ejke gfebbcg, dtyjbn fbccsksg, ryu fbccsksg
   nswcsfpsu pes usgjns, wnssuba, ryu wtptns bw pes qbtyk, pesns zbtcu
   ls yb knrujyk, yb psgpjyk svfsxp rg r psrfejyk aspebu, ryu yb
   lcrfilbrnu dtykcsg. jy wrfp, zs rns ksppjyk cbfigpsx gfesutcjyk ryu
   knrujyk pb pes xbjyp bw pbnptns.]
ucblogo-6.1/csls/cards0000664000175000017500000000237413557147341013115 0ustar  jjcjjcprogram cards;
 {Shuffle a deck of cards}

var ranks:array [0..51] of integer;
    suits:array [0..51] of char;
    i:integer;

procedure showdeck;
 {Print the deck arrays}

  begin {showdeck}
    for i := 0 to 51 do
      begin
        if i mod 13 = 0 then writeln;
        write(ranks[i]:3,suits[i]);
      end;
    writeln;
    writeln
  end; {showdeck}

procedure deck;
 {Create the deck in order}

  var i,j:integer;
      suitnames:packed array [0..3] of char;

  begin {deck}
    suitnames := 'HSDC';
    for i := 0 to 12 do
      for j := 0 to 3 do
        begin
          ranks[13*j+i] := i+1;
          suits[13*j+i] := suitnames[j]
        end;
    writeln('The initial deck:');
    showdeck
  end; {deck}

procedure shuffle;
 {Shuffle the deck randomly}

  var rank,i,j:integer;
      suit:char;

  begin {shuffle}
    for i := 51 downto 1 do {For each card in the deck}
      begin
        j := random(i+1); {Pick a random card before it}
        rank := ranks[i]; {Interchange ranks}
        ranks[i] := ranks[j];
        ranks[j] := rank;
        suit := suits[i]; {Interchange suits}
        suits[i] := suits[j];
        suits[j] := suit
      end;
    writeln('The shuffled deck:');
    showdeck
  end; {shuffle}

begin {main program}
  deck;
  shuffle
end.
ucblogo-6.1/csls/buttons0000664000175000017500000001537213557147341013521 0ustar  jjcjjc;;; Primitive GUI for Logo games.

;;; Displays buttons, then accepts mouseclicks or keystrokes
;;; to control actions.

;;; To clear the screen and all the remembered buttons:
;;;   init.buttons

;;; To install a button:
;;;   SETBUTTON [150 130] [40 25] [make "mysecret "true throw "newgame] ~
;;;             :mysecret 0 [Logo guess] []
;;;
;;; Inputs are:
;;;   1. Position of lower left corner of button
;;;   2. Size [x y] of button
;;;   3. Action to take if button pressed
;;;   4. TRUE if box should be drawn thick, FALSE if thin
;;;   5. Color to fill box (0 if no fill)
;;;   6. Text caption inside button (a word or a two-word list for
;;;        a two-line caption) or empty list for no caption
;;;   7. Equivalent keystroke (empty list if no equivalent keystroke)
;;;        (DEL means char 8 or 127; RET means char 10 or 13)
;;;        (Keystroke inside list, e.g., [X], means don't draw it.)

;;; REBUTTON (same inputs as SETBUTTON) looks for existing matching button
;;; and, if found, just redraws border (possibly changing thickness).

;;; To display a descriptive caption (e.g., for a group of buttons)
;;; without making a button:
;;;   CAPTION [150 130] [40 25] [Number |of boxes:|]
;;;   CENTER.CAPTION [150 130] [40 25] [Number |of boxes:|]
;;;
;;; Inputs are position, size, caption.
;;; CENTER.CAPTION centers the text within the box; CAPTION puts it
;;; at the left edge of the box.

;;; To loop reading keystrokes or mouseclicks and taking actions as set:
;;;   ACTION.LOOP
;;; Within an action, :CHAR is the character typed (or zero if the action
;;; was triggered by a mouse click), :BUTTON is the mouse button pressed
;;; (or zero if the action was triggered by a keystroke), and :MOUSEPOS is
;;; the mouse position (or unspecified for a keystroke).  Actions triggered
;;; by a mouse click happen when the mouse button is released.

; -----------------------------

;;; IMPORTANT:  Here is how we know the size of a text character as
;;; drawn by the LABEL command.  Change these numbers if necessary:

make "labelcharsize ifelse equalp :LogoPlatform "Windows [[8 13]] [[6 11]]
; if equalp :LogoPlatform "wxWidgets [make "labelcharsize [7 14]]
if equalp :LogoPlatform "wxWidgets [make "labelcharsize labelsize]

; -----------------------------

to init.buttons
cs ht
make "buttons []
end

; -----------------------------

to setbutton :corner :size :action :thickp :fillcolor :caption :key
center.caption :corner :size :caption
pu setpos :corner
seth 0
pd setpensize ifelse :thickp [[3 3]] [[1 1]]
setpc 7
apply "button.rectangle :size
setpensize [1 1]
if not equalp :fillcolor 0 [
  button.offset :corner 5 5
  setpc :fillcolor
  fill
  setpc 7
]
if (and (not listp :key) (not emptyp :key) (not equalp :key :caption)) [
  caption (list (sum first :corner first :size 4) last :corner) ~
                 (list (first :labelcharsize) (last :size)) ~
                 :key
]
if and (listp :key) (not emptyp :key) [make "key first :key]
push "buttons (list :corner :size :key :action)
end

to rebutton :corner :size :action :thickp :fillcolor :caption :key
localmake "thekey :key
if and listp :key not emptyp :key [make "thekey first :key]
localmake "test (list :corner :size :thekey :action)
localmake "button find [equalp ? :test] :buttons
if emptyp :button ~
   [setbutton :corner :size :action :thickp :fillcolor :caption :key  stop]
penup setpos :corner
seth 0
setpc 7
penerase setpensize [3 3]
apply "button.rectangle :size
penpaint setpensize ifelse :thickp [[3 3]] [[1 1]]
apply "button.rectangle :size
setpensize [1 1]
end

to button.offset :corner :dx :dy
penup setxy (first :corner)+:dx (last :corner)+:dy
end

to button.rectangle :x :y
repeat 2 [fd :y rt 90 fd :x rt 90]
end

; -----------------------------

to caption :corner :size :caption
if emptyp :caption [stop]
localmake "oldscrunch scrunch
if not namep "caption.scrunch [localmake "caption.scrunch 1]
localmake "myscrunch map [? * :caption.scrunch] :oldscrunch
localmake "y (last :labelcharsize)*:caption.scrunch
setpc 7
ifelse listp :caption [
  button.offset :corner 0 ((14-:y)+((last :size)-25)/3)
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :myscrunch]
  label last :caption
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :oldscrunch]
  button.offset :corner 0 ((14-:y)+:y+2*((last :size)-25)/3)
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :myscrunch]
  label first :caption
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :oldscrunch]
] [
  button.offset :corner 0 ((17-:y)+((last :size)-17)/2)
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :myscrunch]
  label :caption
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :oldscrunch]
]
end

to center.caption :corner :size :caption
if emptyp :caption [stop]
localmake "oldscrunch scrunch
if not namep "caption.scrunch [localmake "caption.scrunch 1]
localmake "myscrunch map [? * :caption.scrunch] :oldscrunch
localmake "halfx (first :labelcharsize)*:caption.scrunch/2
localmake "y (last :labelcharsize)*:caption.scrunch
setpc 7
ifelse listp :caption [
  button.offset :corner (1+(first :size)/2-:halfx*(count last :caption)) ~
                        ((14-:y)+((last :size)-25)/3)
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :myscrunch]
  label last :caption
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :oldscrunch]
  button.offset :corner (1+(first :size)/2-:halfx*(count first :caption)) ~
                        ((14-:y)+:y+2*((last :size)-25)/3)
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :myscrunch]
  label first :caption
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :oldscrunch]
] [
  button.offset :corner (1+(first :size)/2-:halfx*(count :caption)) ~
                        ((17-:y)+((last :size)-17)/2)
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :myscrunch]
  label :caption
  if :caption.scrunch <> 1 [apply "setscrunch :oldscrunch]
]
end

; -----------------------------

to action.loop [:buttonact [button.mouseclick]] [:keyact [button.readkey]]
action.once
forever [wait 100]
end

to action.off
ern [buttonact keyact]
ern "keyact
end

to action.once
if keyp [button.readkey]
if buttonp [button.mouseclick]
end

to button.readkey [:char rc] [:button 0] [:buttonact []] [:keyact []]
foreach :buttons [
  localmake "key item 3 ?
  ifelse equalp :key "DEL [
    if memberp (ascii :char) [8 127] [run last ? action.once stop]
  ] [
    ifelse equalp :key "RET [
      if memberp (ascii :char) [10 13] [run last ? action.once stop]
    ] [
      if equalp :char :key [run last ? action.once stop]
    ]
  ]
]
end

to button.mouseclick [:mousepos clickpos] [:button button] [:char 0] ~
                     [:buttonact []] [:keyact []]
while [buttonp] []	; wait for release of button
foreach :buttons [
  if apply "button.inrange ? [run last ? action.once stop]
]
end

to button.inrange :corner :size :key :action
(foreach :mousepos :corner :size [
   if ?1 < ?2 [output "false]
   if ?1 > (?2 + ?3) [output "false]
])
output "true
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/basic0000664000175000017500000001501413557147341013075 0ustar  jjcjjcto basic
make "linenumbers []
make "readline []
forever [basicprompt]
end

to basicprompt
print []
print "READY
print []
make "line basicread
if emptyp :line [stop]
ifelse numberp first :line [compile split :line] [immediate :line]
end

to compile :commands
make "number first :commands
make :number :line
ifelse emptyp butfirst :commands ~
       [eraseline :number] ~
       [makedef (word "basic% :number) butfirst :commands]
end

to makedef :name :commands
make "definition [[]]
foreach :commands [run list (word "compile. first ?) ?]
queue "definition (list "nextline :number)
define :name :definition
make "linenumbers insert :number :linenumbers
end

to insert :num :list
if emptyp :list [output (list :num)]
if :num = first :list [output :list]
if :num < first :list [output fput :num :list]
output fput first :list (insert :num butfirst :list)
end

to eraseline :num
make "linenumbers remove :num :linenumbers
end

to immediate :line
if equalp :line [list] [foreach :linenumbers [print thing ?] stop]
if equalp :line [run] [run (list (word "basic% first :linenumbers)) stop]
if equalp :line [exit] [throw "toplevel]
print sentence [Invalid command:] :line
end

;; Compiling each BASIC command

to compile.end :command
queue "definition [stop]
end

to compile.goto :command
queue "definition (list (word "basic% last :command) "stop)
end

to compile.gosub :command
queue "definition (list (word "basic% last :command))
end

to compile.return :command
queue "definition [stop]
end

to compile.print :command
make "command butfirst :command
while [not emptyp :command] [c.print1]
queue "definition [print []]
end

to c.print1
make "exp expression
ifelse equalp first first :exp "" ~
       [make "sym gensym
        make word "%% :sym butfirst butlast first :exp
        queue "definition list "type word ":%% :sym] ~
       [queue "definition fput "type :exp]
if emptyp :command [stop]
make "delimiter pop "command
if equalp :delimiter ", [queue "definition [type char 9] stop]
if equalp :delimiter "\; [stop]
(throw "error [Comma or semicolon needed in print.])
end

to compile.input :command
make "command butfirst :command
if equalp first first :command "" ~
   [make "sym gensym
    make "prompt pop "command
    make word "%% :sym butfirst butlast :prompt
    queue "definition list "type word ":%% :sym]
while [not emptyp :command] [c.input1]
end

to c.input1
make "var pop "command
queue "definition (list "make (word ""% :var) "readvalue)
if emptyp :command [stop]
make "delimiter pop "command
if equalp :delimiter ", [stop]
(throw "error [Comma needed in input.])
end

to compile.let :command
make "command butfirst :command
make "var pop "command
make "delimiter pop "command
if not equalp :delimiter "= [(throw "error [Need = in let.])]
make "exp expression
queue "definition (sentence "make (word ""% :var) :exp)
end

to compile.if :command
make "command butfirst :command
make "exp expression
make "delimiter pop "command
if not equalp :delimiter "then [(throw "error [Need then after if.])]
queue "definition (sentence "if :exp (list c.if1))
end

to c.if1
local "definition
make "definition [[]]
run list (word "compile. first :command) :command
ifelse (count :definition) = 2 ~
       [output last :definition] ~
       [make "newname word "% gensym
        define :newname :definition
	output (list :newname)]
end

to compile.for :command
make "command butfirst :command
make "var pop "command
make "delimiter pop "command
if not equalp :delimiter "= [(throw "error [Need = after for.])]
make "start expression
make "delimiter pop "command
if not equalp :delimiter "to [(throw "error [Need to after for.])]
make "end expression
queue "definition (sentence "make (word ""% :var) :start)
queue "definition (sentence "make (word ""let% :var) :end)
make "newname word "% gensym
queue "definition (sentence "make (word ""next% :var) (list (list :newname)))
queue "definition (list :newname)
define :name :definition
make "name :newname
make "definition [[]]
end

to compile.next :command
make "command butfirst :command
make "var pop "command
queue "definition (sentence "make (word ""% :var) (word ":% :var) [+ 1])
queue "definition (sentence [if not greaterp]
                            (word ":% :var) (word ":let% :var)
                            (list (list "run (word ":next% :var) "stop)))
end

;; Compile an expression for LET, IF, PRINT, or FOR

to expression
make "expr []
make "token expr1
while [not emptyp :token] [queue "expr :token
                           make "token expr1]
output :expr
end

to expr1
if emptyp :command [output []]
make "token pop "command
if memberp :token [+ - * / = < > ( )] [output :token]
if memberp :token [, \; : then to] [push "command :token  output []]
if numberp :token [output :token]
if equalp first :token "" [output :token]
output word ":% :token
end

;; reading input

to basicread
output basicread1 readword [] "
end

to basicread1 :input :output :token
if emptyp :input [if not emptyp :token [push "output :token]
                  output reverse :output]
if equalp first :input "| | [if not emptyp :token [push "output :token]
                             output basicread1 (butfirst :input) :output "]
if equalp first :input "" [if not emptyp :token [push "output :token]
                             output breadstring butfirst :input :output "]
if memberp first :input [+ - * / = < > ( ) , \; :] ~
   [if not emptyp :token [push "output :token]
    output basicread1 (butfirst :input) (fput first :input :output) "]
output basicread1 (butfirst :input) :output (word :token first :input)
end

to breadstring :input :output :string
if emptyp :input [(throw "error [String needs ending quote.])]
if equalp first :input "" ~
   [output basicread1 (butfirst :input)
                      (fput (word "" :string "") :output)
                      "]
output breadstring (butfirst :input) :output (word :string first :input)
end

to split :line
output fput first :line split1 (butfirst :line) [] []
end

to split1 :input :output :command
if emptyp :input [if not emptyp :command [push "output reverse :command]
                  output reverse :output]
if equalp first :input ": [if not emptyp :command
                              [push "output reverse :command]
                           output split1 (butfirst :input) :output []]
output split1 (butfirst :input) :output (fput first :input :command)
end

;; Runtime library

to nextline :num
make "target member :num :linenumbers
if not emptyp :target [make "target butfirst :target]
if not emptyp :target [run (list (word "basic% first :target))]
end

to readvalue
while [emptyp :readline] [make "readline basicread]
output pop "readline
end
ucblogo-6.1/csls/algs0000664000175000017500000001442113557147341012743 0ustar  jjcjjc;;; Algorithms and Data Structures

;; Local optimization of quadratic formula

to quadratic :a :b :c
localmake "root sqrt (:b * :b-4 * :a * :c)
localmake "x1 (-:b+:root)/(2 * :a)
localmake "x2 (-:b-:root)/(2 * :a)
print (sentence [The solutions are] :x1 "and :x2)
end

;; Memoization of T function

to t :n :k
localmake "result gprop :n :k
if not emptyp :result [output :result]
make "result realt :n :k
pprop :n :k :result
output :result
end

to realt :n :k
if equalp :k 0 [output 1]
if equalp :n 0 [output 0]
output (t :n :k-1) + (t :n-1 :k)
end

;; Speedup of Simplex function

to simplex :buttons
output 2 * first (cascade :buttons
                          [fput (sumprods butfirst ?2 ?1) ?1] [1]
                          [fput 1 nextrow ?2] [1 1])
end

to sumprods :a :b
output reduce "sum (map "product :a :b)
end

to nextrow :combs
if emptyp butfirst :combs [output :combs]
output fput (sum first :combs first butfirst :combs) nextrow butfirst :combs
end

;; Sorting -- selection sort

to ssort :list
if emptyp :list [output []]
output ssort1 (first :list) (butfirst :list) []
end

to ssort1 :min :in :out
if emptyp :in [output fput :min ssort :out]
if lessthanp :min (first :in) ~
   [output ssort1 :min (butfirst :in) (fput first :in :out)]
output ssort1 (first :in) (butfirst :in) (fput :min :out)
end

;; Sorting -- partition sort

to psort :list
if emptyp :list [output []]
if emptyp butfirst :list [output :list]
localmake "split ((first :list) + (last :list)) / 2
if lessthanp first :list :split ~
   [output psort1 :split (butfirst :list) (list first :list) []]
output psort1 :split (butlast :list) (list last :list) []
end

to psort1 :split :in :low :high
if emptyp :in [output sentence (psort :low) (psort :high)]
if lessthanp first :in :split ~
   [output psort1 :split (butfirst :in) (fput first :in :low) :high]
output psort1 :split (butfirst :in) :low (fput first :in :high)
end

;; Sorting -- count comparisons

to lessthanp :a :b
if not namep "comparisons [make "comparisons 0]
make "comparisons :comparisons+1
output :a < :b
end

to howmany
print :comparisons
ern "comparisons
end

;; Abstract Data Type for Trees: Constructor

to tree :datum :children
output fput :datum :children
end

;; Tree ADT: Selectors

to datum :node
output first :node
end

to children :node
output butfirst :node
end

;; Tree ADT: Mutator

to addchild :tree :child
.setbf :tree (fput :child butfirst :tree)
end

;; Tree ADT: other procedures

to leaf :datum
output tree :datum []
end

to leaves :leaves
output map [leaf ?] :leaves
end

to leafp :node
output emptyp children :node
end

;; The World tree

to worldtree
make "world ~
     tree "world ~
          (list (tree "France leaves [Paris Dijon Avignon])
                (tree "China leaves [Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Suzhou])
                (tree [United States]
                      (list (tree [New York]
                                  leaves [[New York] Albany Rochester
                                          Armonk] )
                            (tree "Massachusetts
                                  leaves [Boston Cambridge Sudbury
                                          Maynard] )
                            (tree "California
                                  leaves [[San Francisco] Berkeley
                                          [Palo Alto] Pasadena] )
                            (tree "Washington
                                  leaves [Seattle Olympia] ) ) )
                (tree "Canada
                      (list (tree "Ontario
                                  leaves [Toronto Ottawa Windsor] )
                            (tree "Quebec
                                  leaves [Montreal Quebec Lachine] )
                            (tree "Manitoba leaves [Winnipeg]) ) ) )
end

to locate :city
output locate1 :city :world "false
end

to locate1 :city :subtree :wanttree
if and :wanttree (equalp :city datum :subtree) [output :subtree]
if leafp :subtree ~
   [ifelse equalp :city datum :subtree
           [output (list :city)]
           [output []]]
localmake "lower locate.in.forest :city (children :subtree) :wanttree
if emptyp :lower [output []]
output ifelse :wanttree [:lower] [fput (datum :subtree) :lower]
end

to locate.in.forest :city :forest :wanttree
if emptyp :forest [output []]
localmake "child locate1 :city first :forest :wanttree
if not emptyp :child [output :child]
output locate.in.forest :city butfirst :forest :wanttree
end

to cities :name
output cities1 (finddatum :name :world)
end

to cities1 :subtree
if leafp :subtree [output (list datum :subtree)]
output map.se [cities1 ?] children :subtree
end

to finddatum :datum :tree
output locate1 :name :tree "true
end

;; Area code/city pairs ADT

to areacode :pair
output first :pair
end

to city :pair
output butfirst :pair
end

;; Area code linear search

make "codelist [[202 Washington] [206 Seattle] [212 New York] [213 Los Angeles]
                [215 Philadelphia] [303 Denver] [305 Miami] [313 Detroit]
                [314 St. Louis] [401 Providence] [404 Atlanta] [408 Sunnyvale]
                [414 Milwaukee] [415 San Francisco] [504 New Orleans]
                [608 Madison] [612 St. Paul] [613 Kingston] [614 Columbus]
                [615 Nashville] [617 Boston] [702 Las Vegas] [704 Charlotte]
                [712 Sioux City] [714 Anaheim] [716 Rochester] [717 Scranton]
                [801 Salt Lake City] [804 Newport News] [805 Ventura]
                [808 Honolulu]]

to listcity :code
output city find [equalp :code areacode ?] :codelist
end

;; Area code binary tree search

to balance :list
if emptyp :list [output []]
if emptyp butfirst :list [output leaf first :list]
output balance1 (int (count :list)/2) :list []
end

to balance1 :count :in :out
if equalp :count 0 ~
   [output tree (first :in) (list balance reverse :out
                                  balance butfirst :in)]
output balance1 (:count-1) (butfirst :in) (fput first :in :out)
end

to treecity :code
output city treecity1 :code :codetree
end

to treecity1 :code :tree
if emptyp :tree [output [0 no city]]
localmake "datum datum :tree
if :code = areacode :datum [output :datum]
if :code < areacode :datum [output treecity1 :code lowbranch :tree]
output treecity1 :code highbranch :tree
end

to lowbranch :tree
if leafp :tree [output []]
output first children :tree
end

to highbranch :tree
if leafp :tree [output []]
output last children :tree
end
ucblogo-6.1/config.h0000664000175000017500000000407213601426454012540 0ustar  jjcjjc/* config.h.  Generated from config.h.in by configure.  */
/* config.h.in.  Generated automatically from configure.in by autoheader.  */

/* Define if you need to in order for stat and other things to work.  */
/* #undef _POSIX_SOURCE */

/* Define as the return instruction for signal handlers. */
#define SIGRET

/* Define as the return type of signal handlers (int or void).  */
#define RETSIGTYPE void

/* Define if signal handlers take an argument. */
#define SIG_TAKES_ARG

/* Define to `unsigned' if  doesn't define.  */
/* #undef size_t */

/* Define if you have the ANSI C header files.  */
#define STDC_HEADERS 1

/* Define if you have the matherr function.  */
/* #undef HAVE_MATHERR */

/* Define if you have the sigsetmask function.  */
#define HAVE_SIGSETMASK 1

/* Define if you have the sigvec function.  */
/* #undef HAVE_SIGVEC */

/* Define if you have the srandom function.  */
#define HAVE_SRANDOM 1

/* Define if you have the usleep function.  */
#define HAVE_USLEEP 1

/* Define if you have the memcpy function.  */
#define HAVE_MEMCPY 1

/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#define HAVE_SGTTY_H 1

/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#define HAVE_TERMIO_H 1
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#define HAVE_STRING_H 1
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#define HAVE_TERMCAP_H 1
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
/* #undef HAVE_TERMLIB_H */
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#define HAVE_CURSES_H 1

/* Define if you have the BSD library (-lBSD).  */
#define HAVE_LIBBSD 1

/* Define if you have the curses library (-lcurses).  */
/* #undef HAVE_LIBCURSES */

/* Define if you have the m library (-lm).  */
#define HAVE_LIBM 1

/* Define if you have the termcap library (-ltermcap).  */
#define HAVE_LIBTERMCAP 1

/* Define if you have the termlib library (-ltermlib).  */
/* #undef HAVE_LIBTERMLIB */

/* Define if you have the wx library.  */
#define HAVE_WX 1
ucblogo-6.1/makefile0000664000175000017500000000752313601426454012626 0ustar  jjcjjcCC	= gcc
CFLAGS	= -g -O2 -DHAVE_WX    -O0 -DUSE_OLD_TTY
CXX     = g++
CXXFLAGS = -g -O2 -DHAVE_WX -I/usr/lib64/wx/include/gtk3-unicode-3.0 -I/usr/include/wx-3.0 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -pthread
LDFLAGS	= 
LIBS  =  -lSM -lICE  -lbsd -lm  -pthread   -lwx_gtk3u_xrc-3.0 -lwx_gtk3u_webview-3.0 -lwx_gtk3u_html-3.0 -lwx_gtk3u_qa-3.0 -lwx_gtk3u_adv-3.0 -lwx_gtk3u_core-3.0 -lwx_baseu_xml-3.0 -lwx_baseu_net-3.0 -lwx_baseu-3.0  -ltermcap -lX11 
prefix = /usr/local
BINDIR        = $(prefix)/bin
LIBLOC        = $(prefix)/lib/logo
LINKER = g++ -o

# LIBLOC      = `pwd`

OBJS 	= coms.o error.o eval.o files.o graphics.o init.o intern.o \
	  libloc.o lists.o logodata.o main.o math.o mem.o paren.o parse.o \
	  print.o wrksp.o nographics.o git.o obj.o wxMain.o wxTerminal.o wxTurtleGraphics.o  TextEditor.o wxterm.o 

SRCS	= coms.c error.c eval.c files.c graphics.c init.c intern.c \
	  libloc.c lists.c logodata.c main.c math.c mem.c paren.c parse.c \
	  print.c wrksp.c nographics.c obj.c wxMain.cpp wxTerminal.cpp wxTurtleGraphics.cpp  TextEditor.cpp wxterm.c 

HDRS	= globals.h logo.h xgraphics.h

logo:	$(OBJS)
	$(LINKER) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) -o logo

everything:	logo logolib/Messages helpfiles helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
#logo-mode

mem.o:	mem.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 -c mem.c

git.c:	$(SRCS)
	echo 'char* GIT = "('`git describe||echo NA|tr -d '\r'`')";' > git.c

tags:	$(SRCS)
	ctags --format=1 -N $(SRCS) $(HDRS)
# 	ctags -t $(SRCS) $(HDRS)

libloc.c:
	echo 'char *libloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/logolib";' > libloc.c
	echo 'char *helploc="'$(LIBLOC)'/helpfiles";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *cslsloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/csls";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *temploc="/tmp";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *separator="/";' >> libloc.c

logolib/Messages:	makelib Messages
	chmod +x makelib
	./makelib
	cp -f Messages logolib

helpfiles:
	mkdir helpfiles

helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS:	makehelp usermanual
	./makehelp
	sort helptemp | pr -5 -t -l999 -w80 >> helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
	rm helptemp

makehelp:	makehelp.c
	$(CC) -o makehelp makehelp.c

clean:
	rm -f *.o libloc.c
#	cd emacs; $(MAKE) clean

ship:
	rm -f config.h config.cache config.log config.status
	rm -f makefile makehelp logo *.o libloc.c
#	cd emacs; $(MAKE) ship
	cd docs; $(MAKE) ship

install: everything
	for d in $(BINDIR) $(LIBLOC) $(LIBLOC)/logolib $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles $(LIBLOC)/csls; do [ -d $$d ] || mkdir -p $$d || exit 1; done
	cp logo $(BINDIR)/.
	cp -f logolib/* $(LIBLOC)/logolib/.
	cp -f helpfiles/* $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles/.
	cp -f csls/* $(LIBLOC)/csls/.
#	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
#	prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE) install

logo-mode: 
#	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE))
#	@prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE)

make-docs:
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) $(MAKE) all)

mac: everything
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents
	cp Info.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp PkgInfo UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp pbdevelopment.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/csls
	cp csls/[a-z]* UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/csls
	cp -r helpfiles UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r logolib UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp logo.icns UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/
	cp logo UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/UCBLogo

ucblogo.dmg : mac
	rm -f ucblogo.dmg ucblogo_base.dmg
	hdiutil create -size 15m -fs HFS+ -volname "UCBLogo" ucblogo_base.dmg
	hdiutil attach ucblogo_base.dmg
	cp -a UCBLogo.app /Volumes/UCBLogo/
	cp docs/usermanual.pdf /Volumes/UCBLogo/UCBLogoUserManual.pdf
	hdiutil detach /Volumes/UCBLogo/
	hdiutil convert ucblogo_base.dmg -format UDZO -o ucblogo.dmg
ucblogo-6.1/tests/0000775000175000017500000000000013575571772012277 5ustar  jjcjjcucblogo-6.1/tests/_suite-template.lg0000664000175000017500000000270213575571772015725 0ustar  jjcjjc;MAKING A NEW TEST SUITE:
;-------------------------
;1) replace $title with the human-readable title
;2) replace $suite with the short name of the suite (alpha/numeric)
;3) remove these comments


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;             $title               ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


InstallSuite [$title] [Tests.$suite.Setup]



;; The list of all OOP unit tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

MAKE "Tests.$suite [
  ;list tests here
  Tests.$suite.SampleTest
 ]

;; Test Suite setup procedure, main entry 
;; point for all tests in this suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to Tests.$suite.Setup
  RunTests :Tests.$suite
end

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; HELPERS, MISC                   ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; ADD INDIVIDUAL UNIT TESTS BELOW ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;all tests must return T/F indicating success/failure

to Tests.$suite.SampleTest
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? 0 0]
              [EQUAL? 0 0]
              [EQUAL? 0 0]
              [EQUAL? 0 0])
end

ucblogo-6.1/tests/_how-to.txt0000664000175000017500000000064613575571772014422 0ustar  jjcjjcRunning Tests
-------------
Open logo, then load the root test framework, "UnitTests.lg"

To run all tests, type: RunAll

To run individual tests, execute the name of the test, 
such as: Tests.Arithmetic.Difference



Creating Test Suites
--------------------
To create a new test suite, copy _suite-template.lg and rename 
to "UnitTests-SuiteName.lg". Then follow the instructions in the 
the template.

ucblogo-6.1/tests/UnitTests.lg0000664000175000017500000000575413575571772014600 0ustar  jjcjjc;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;          UNIT TEST FRAMEWORK           ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;; Use InstallSuite to add a test suite   ;;
;; setup procedure to the global list     ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


MAKE "Tests.All []

to InstallSuite :SetupProc :SuiteName
  MAKE "Tests.All se :Tests.All (list (list :SuiteName :SetupProc))
end


;; Procedure for executing tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to RunTests :Tests
  IFELSE [EMPTY? :Tests] [STOP] [
    PrintTestName (WORD FIRST :Tests "...\ )

    ; PrepTest sets two vars, Success and Err
    ; Success = 1 means the value returned was True
    ; Error = 1  means the code crashed
    ; Any code that doesn't return a value will crash  

    RUN PrepTest FIRST :Tests
    IFELSE [Equal? :Success 1] [PRINT "Ok] [
          IFELSE [Equal? :Err 1] [PRINT [\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Error]] [
                      PRINT [\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Failed]]]
    RunTests BF :Tests
  ]
end


;; Runs ALL tests installed into :Tests.All
;; These should be setup procs that in turn
;; call RunTests, not individual Unit Tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to RunAll
  PRINT [--------------------------]
  PRINT [ Berkeley Logo Unit Tests]
  PRINT [--------------------------]
  PRINT se [Test Suites: ] (count :Tests.All)
  FOREACH :Tests.All [PRINT " (PrintHeader LAST ? ) (RUN FIRST ?) 
  PRINT [----------------------------------------------------------]]
  PRINT []
  PRINT [All tests completed.]
end



;; HELPER PROCS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to PrepTest :TestCode
  OUTPUT (se [make "success 0] ~
             [make "err 1] ~
                [CATCH "Error ] ~
                (list (se [IFELSE] (list :testcode) ~
                (list [make "success 1 make "err 0]) ~
                (list [make "success 0 make "err 0]))) ~
                )
end

to PrintHeader :Title
  PRINT (se [\[] :Title [\]])
  ;REPEAT ((countdeep :title) + 4) [TYPE "-]
  PRINT [----------------------------------------------------------]
end

to PrintTestName :TestName
  Type :TestName
  REPEAT 45 - count :TestName [Type "\ ]
end

to CountDeep :lst
  make "i 0

  foreach :lst [
     foreach ? [
         make "i :i + 1
     ]
     make "i :i + 1
  ]

  output :i - 1
end

;; Import each individual test suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;



;LOAD "UnitTests-Eval.lg
;LOAD "UnitTests-Turtle.lg
;LOAD "UnitTests-Lang.lg
;LOAD "UnitTests-LogoLib-Loops.lg
;LOAD "UnitTests-Mem.lg

LOAD "UnitTests-Arithmetic.lg
LOAD "UnitTests-Bitwise.lg
LOAD "UnitTests-Constructors.lg
LOAD "UnitTests-Predicates.lg
LOAD "UnitTests-Random.lg
LOAD "UnitTests-OOP.lg
ucblogo-6.1/tests/UnitTests-Random.lg0000664000175000017500000000262313575571772016006 0ustar  jjcjjc
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;             Random Number Unit Tests   ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


InstallSuite [Random Numbers] [Tests.Random.Setup]



;; The list of all OOP unit tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

MAKE "Tests.Random [
  ;list tests here
  Tests.Random.RandomNumMonadic
  Tests.Random.RandomNumDyadic
 ]

;; Test Suite setup procedure, main entry 
;; point for all tests in this suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to Tests.Random.Setup
  RunTests :Tests.Random
end

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; HELPERS, MISC                   ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; ADD INDIVIDUAL UNIT TESTS BELOW ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;all tests must return T/F indicating success/failure

to Tests.Random.RandomNumMonadic
  OUTPUT (AND [(Random 1) = 0])
end

to Tests.Random.RandomNumDyadic
  Make "Num3 (Random 3 5)
  print (AND [(Random -1 0) = -1]
              [GreaterEqual? :num3 3]
              [LessEqual? :num3 5])
end

ucblogo-6.1/tests/UnitTests-Predicates.lg0000664000175000017500000000457413575571772016660 0ustar  jjcjjc
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;         Predicates Test Suite          ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


InstallSuite [Predicates] [Tests.Predicates.Setup]



;; The list of all OOP unit tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

MAKE "Tests.Predicates [
  ;list tests here
  Tests.Predicates.LessP
  Tests.Predicates.Less?
  Tests.Predicates.GreaterP
  Tests.Predicates.Greater?
  Tests.Predicates.LessEqualP
  Tests.Predicates.LessEqual?
  Tests.Predicates.GreaterEqualP
  Tests.Predicates.GreaterEqual?
 ]

;; Test Suite setup procedure, main entry 
;; point for all tests in this suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to Tests.Predicates.Setup
  RunTests :Tests.Predicates
end

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; HELPERS, MISC                   ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; ADD INDIVIDUAL UNIT TESTS BELOW ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;all tests must return T/F indicating success/failure

to Tests.Predicates.LessP
  OUTPUT (AND [LESSP 1 2]
              [LESSP 0 1]
              [LESSP -1 0])
end

to Tests.Predicates.Less?
  OUTPUT (AND [LESS? 1 2]
              [LESS? 0 1]
              [LESS? -1 0])
end

to Tests.Predicates.GreaterP
  OUTPUT (AND [GreaterP 2 1]
              [GreaterP 1 0]
              [GreaterP 0 -1])
end

to Tests.Predicates.Greater?
  OUTPUT (AND [Greater? 2 1]
              [Greater? 1 0]
              [Greater? 0 -1])
end


to Tests.Predicates.LessEqualP
  OUTPUT (AND [LessEqualP 2 2]
              [LessEqualP 0 1]
              [LessEqualP -3 -3])
end

to Tests.Predicates.LessEqual?
  OUTPUT (AND [LessEqual? 2 2]
              [LessEqual? 0 1]
              [LessEqual? -3 -3])
end

to Tests.Predicates.GreaterEqualP
  OUTPUT (AND [GreaterEqualP 2 2]
              [GreaterEqualP 1 0]
              [GreaterEqualP -1 -1])
end

to Tests.Predicates.GreaterEqual?
  OUTPUT (AND [GreaterEqual? 2 2]
              [GreaterEqual? 1 0]
              [GreaterEqual? -1 -1])
enducblogo-6.1/tests/UnitTests-OOP.lg0000664000175000017500000001211113575571772015214 0ustar  jjcjjc;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;             OOP TEST SUITE             ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


InstallSuite [OOP Tests] [Tests.OOP.Setup]


;; The list of all OOP unit tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

MAKE "Tests.OOP [
  Tests.OOP.Ask
  Tests.OOP.Exist
  Tests.OOP.Make
  Tests.OOP.MakeMany
  Tests.OOP.OneOf
  Tests.OOP.OneOfCheckVar
  Tests.OOP.OverrideExist
  Tests.OOP.Parents
  Tests.OOP.TalkTo
  Tests.OOP.Usual
  Tests.OOP.UsualChain
  
  ;; The following are strictly regression tests

  Tests.OOP.ChildWontChangeParent
  Tests.OOP.MemberFunctionOverride
  Tests.OOP.CaseSensitiveMemberVars
  Tests.OOP.OverriddenMethods
 ]


;; Test Suite setup procedure, main entry 
;; point for all tests in this suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to Tests.OOP.Setup
  RunTests :Tests.OOP
end


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; HELPERS & OBJECTS               ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to ignore :value
end

make "ABase kindof logo
ask :ABase [to Exist]
  have "avar
  make "avar 1
end

make "ExistChild kindof logo
ask :ExistChild [to Exist]
  make "avar 2
end


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; ADD INDIVIDUAL UNIT TESTS BELOW ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


to safecheck :obj :var :expected
  make "success 0
  CATCH "Error [ignore (ask thing :obj [thing :var]) make "success 1]
  OUTPUT IFELSE [equal? :success 0] [equal? 0 1] [equal? (ask thing :obj [thing :var]) 1]
end

to Tests.OOP.Ask
  make "bob kindof logo
  make "dummy ask :bob [self]
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 1 1
end

to Tests.OOP.Exist
  make "bob oneof :ABase
  OUTPUT EQUAL? (ASK :bob [:avar]) 1
end

to Tests.OOP.Make
  make "bob kindof logo
  OUTPUT Equal? 1 1
end

to Tests.OOP.MakeMany
  make "loqi kindof logo
  make "geetha kindof logo
  make "chaidan (kindof :loqi :geetha)
  OUTPUT equal? (Count ask :chaidan [parents])  2
end

to Tests.OOP.OneOf
  make "bob oneof :ABase
  OUTPUT Equal? 1 1
end

to Tests.OOP.OneOfCheckVar
  make "bob oneof :ABase
  OUTPUT EQUAL? (ASK :bob [:avar]) 1
end

to Tests.OOP.OverrideExist
  make "bob kindof :ExistChild
  ask :bob [exist]
  ;OUTPUT safecheck "bob "avar 2
  OUTPUT Equal? (ask :bob [:avar]) 2
end

to Tests.OOP.Parents
  make "bob kindof logo
  make "jim kindof :bob
  OUTPUT AND (ask :jim [parents]) = (list :bob) (ask :bob [parents]) = (list Logo)
end


to Tests.OOP.TalkTo
  make "bob kindof logo
  ask :bob [have "hat]
  ask :bob [make "hat "red]
  talkto :bob
  make "result equal? :hat "red
  talkto Logo
  OUTPUT :result
end

;; Syntax to test
;;	Usual.Method (inside an object proc call)
;;	Overriding methods (by redefining exsiting methods)
;;	Exist / overriding Exist
;;	Usual.Exist (inside overriden exist)
;;	Make "OBj OneOf :OtherObj (a combination of KindOf and Exist)
;;	Make "NewObj (OneOf :Obj "prop value) -- initialize with specific values
;;	HaveMake "Name Value (have combined with make)


make "Usual1 something
ask :Usual1 [to foo]
  op "True
end

Make "Usual2 kindof :Usual1
ask :Usual2 [to foo]
  op usual.foo
end  

make "Usual3 kindof :Usual2
ask :Usual3 [to foo]
  op usual.foo
end

to Tests.OOP.Usual
   OUTPUT equalp (ask :Usual2 [foo]) "True
end

to Tests.OOP.UsualChain
   OUTPUT equalp (ask :Usual3 [foo]) "True
end

;; -------------------------------------------------
;; REGRESSION TESTS
;; -------------------------------------------------


;; This regression tests verifies
;; that when you change a child value
;; the parent value remains unchanged

to Tests.OOP.ChildWontChangeParent
  make "bob oneof Logo
  ask :bob [have "hat]
  ask :bob [make "hat "blue]
  make "joe oneof :bob
  ask :joe [make "hat "red]
  OUTPUT (ask :bob [:hat]) = (ask :joe [:hat])
end


to Tests.OOP.CaseSensitiveMemberVars
  make "bob something
  ask :bob [have "aVarIable]
  ask :bob [make "aVarIable 1]
  ask :bob [make "avariable 2]
  OUTPUT equal? (ask :bob [:avariable]) 2
end


  make "a something
  ask :a [to foo :x]
    output :x
    end
  make "b kindof :a
  ask :b [to foo]
    OUTPUT usual.foo "True
    end

to Tests.OOP.OverriddenMethods
  make "c kindof :b
  (ask :c [make "baz foo])
  OUTPUT equal? (ask :c [:baz]) "True
end

;; This is setup for the next test
;; When an object has a function with the
;; same name as its parent's, the child's method
;; should be called, not the parent's method

make "MemRegr KindOf Logo
to OOP.Regr.foo
  OUTPUT 1
end

ask :MemRegr [to OOP.Regr.foo]
  OUTPUT 0
end

to Tests.OOP.MemberFunctionOverride
  OUTPUT equal? (ASK :MemRegr [OOP.Regr.foo]) 0
end


;; TODO: Need to test the TO proc on objects
;;       but logo doesn't like it when you use
;;       TO inside a TO

ucblogo-6.1/tests/UnitTests-Constructors.lg0000664000175000017500000000560313575571772017277 0ustar  jjcjjc
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;             Constructors               ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


InstallSuite [Constructors] [Tests.Constructors.Setup]



;; The list of all OOP unit tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

MAKE "Tests.Constructors [
  ;list tests here
  Tests.Constructors.Word
  Tests.Constructors.List
  Tests.Constructors.ListMany
  Tests.Constructors.Sentence
  Tests.Constructors.SentenceMany
  Tests.Constructors.FPut
  Tests.Constructors.LPut
  Tests.Constructors.Array
  Tests.Constructors.MDArray
  Tests.Constructors.MDArrayMulti
 ]

;; Test Suite setup procedure, main entry 
;; point for all tests in this suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to Tests.Constructors.Setup
  RunTests :Tests.Constructors
end

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; HELPERS, MISC                   ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; ADD INDIVIDUAL UNIT TESTS BELOW ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;all tests must return T/F indicating success/failure

to Tests.Constructors.Word
  MAKE "x WORD "1 "2
  OUTPUT (AND [WORD? :x]
              [equal? :x "12])
end


to Tests.Constructors.List
  MAKE "x list "1 "2
  OUTPUT (AND [LIST? :x]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :x 2])
end


to Tests.Constructors.ListMany
  MAKE "x (list "1 "2 "3 "4)
  OUTPUT (AND [LIST? :x]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :x 4])
end


to Tests.Constructors.Sentence
  MAKE "x se "1 "2
  MAKE "y SENTENCE "3 "4
  OUTPUT (AND [LIST? :x]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :x 2]
              [LIST? :y]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :y 2])
end


to Tests.Constructors.SentenceMany
  MAKE "x (se "1 "2 "3 "4 "5)
  MAKE "y (SENTENCE "3 "4 "5 "6 "7)
  OUTPUT (AND [LIST? :x]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :x 5]
              [LIST? :y]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :y 5])
end

to Tests.Constructors.FPut
  MAKE "x LIST "4 "5
  MAKE "X FPUT "1 :x 
  OUTPUT (AND [LIST? :x]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :x 3]
              [EQUAL? FIRST :x "1]
              [EQUAL? LAST :x "5])
end


to Tests.Constructors.LPut
  MAKE "x LIST "4 "5
  MAKE "x LPUT "1 :x 
  OUTPUT (AND [LIST? :x]
              [EQUAL? COUNT :x 3]
              [EQUAL? FIRST :x "4]
              [EQUAL? LAST :x "1])
end


to Tests.Constructors.Array
  MAKE "x ARRAY 2
  OUTPUT (AND [ARRAY? :x])
end

to Tests.Constructors.MDArray
  MAKE "x MDARRAY 2
  OUTPUT (AND [ARRAY? :x])
end

to Tests.Constructors.MDArrayMulti
  MAKE "y (MDARRAY [2 2] 0)
  OUTPUT (AND [ARRAY? :y])
end


ucblogo-6.1/tests/UnitTests-Bitwise.lg0000664000175000017500000000460313575571772016174 0ustar  jjcjjc
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;          Bitwise Operations            ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


InstallSuite [Bitwise Operations] [Tests.Bitwise.Setup]



;; The list of all OOP unit tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

MAKE "Tests.Bitwise [
  ;list tests here
  Tests.Bitwise.BitAnd
  Tests.Bitwise.BitOr
  Tests.Bitwise.BitXOr
  Tests.Bitwise.BitNot
  Tests.Bitwise.AShift
  Tests.Bitwise.LShift
 ]

;; Test Suite setup procedure, main entry 
;; point for all tests in this suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to Tests.Bitwise.Setup
  RunTests :Tests.Bitwise
end

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; HELPERS, MISC                   ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; ADD INDIVIDUAL UNIT TESTS BELOW ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;all tests must return T/F indicating success/failure

to Tests.Bitwise.BitAnd
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (BITAND 0 1) 0]
              [EQUAL? (BITAND 1 257) 1]
              [EQUAL? (BITAND 256 1280) 256]
              [EQUAL? (BITAND 2 4) 0])
end

to Tests.Bitwise.BitOr
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (BITOR 0 1) 1]
              [EQUAL? (BITOR 1 256) 257]
              [EQUAL? (BITOR 256 1024) 1280]
              [EQUAL? (BITOR 2 4) 6])
end

to Tests.Bitwise.BitXor
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (BITXOR 0 1) 1]
              [EQUAL? (BITXOR 1 256) 257]
              [EQUAL? (BITXOR 256 1280) 1024]
              [EQUAL? (BITXOR 7 7) 0])
end

to Tests.Bitwise.BitNot
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (BITNOT 0) -1]
              [EQUAL? (BITNOT 1) -2]
              [EQUAL? (BITNOT -8) 7]
              [EQUAL? (BITNOT -1) 0])
end


to Tests.Bitwise.AShift
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (ASHIFT 0 1) 0]
              [EQUAL? (ASHIFT 1 4) 16]
              [EQUAL? (ASHIFT 2 -1) 1]
              [EQUAL? (ASHIFT -1 -1) -1])
end

to Tests.Bitwise.LShift
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (LSHIFT 0 1) 0]
              [EQUAL? (LSHIFT 1 4) 16]
              [EQUAL? (LSHIFT 2 -1) 1]
              [GREATEREQUAL? (LSHIFT -1 -1) 0])
end
ucblogo-6.1/tests/UnitTests-Arithmetic.lg0000664000175000017500000001027513575571772016661 0ustar  jjcjjc;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                        ;;
;;             BERKELEY LOGO              ;;
;;        Arithmetic Test Suite           ;;
;;                                        ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


InstallSuite [Arithmetic Tests] [Tests.Arithmetic.Setup]



;; The list of all OOP unit tests
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

MAKE "Tests.Arithmetic [
  ;list tests here
  Tests.Arithmetic.Add
  Tests.Arithmetic.Sum
  Tests.Arithmetic.Subtract
  Tests.Arithmetic.Difference
  Tests.Arithmetic.Minus
  Tests.Arithmetic.Negative
  Tests.Arithmetic.Multiply
  Tests.Arithmetic.Product
  Tests.Arithmetic.Divide
  Tests.Arithmetic.Quotient
  Tests.Arithmetic.Remainder
  Tests.Arithmetic.Modulo
  Tests.Arithmetic.Int
  Tests.Arithmetic.Round
  Tests.Arithmetic.Sqrt
  Tests.Arithmetic.Power
  Tests.Arithmetic.Exp
  Tests.Arithmetic.Log10
  
  ; Incomplete:
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.Ln
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.Sin
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.RadSin
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.Cos
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.RadCos
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.ArcTan
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.ISeq
  ;Tests.Arithmetic.RSeq
 ]

;; Test Suite setup procedure, main entry 
;; point for all tests in this suite
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to Tests.Arithmetic.Setup
  RunTests :Tests.Arithmetic
end

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; HELPERS, MISC                   ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;                                 ;;
;; ADD INDIVIDUAL UNIT TESTS BELOW ;;
;;                                 ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;all tests must return T/F indicating success/failure

to Tests.Arithmetic.Add
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 1 + 1 2
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Sum
  OUTPUT EQUAL? (SUM 1 2 3 -1) 5
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Subtract
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? 1 - 1 0]
              [EQUAL? -1 - 1 -2])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Difference
  OUTPUT EQUAL? (DIFFERENCE 1 1) 0
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Minus
  OUTPUT EQUAL? (MINUS 1) -1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Negative
  OUTPUT EQUAL? -1 -1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Product
  OUTPUT EQUAL? (PRODUCT 1 2 3 4) 24
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Multiply
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? 1 * 100 100]
              [EQUAL? 2 * 3 6]
              [EQUAL? 2 * 0 0]
              [EQUAL? -1 * 5 -5])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Divide
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 10 / 2 5
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Quotient
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (QUOTIENT 10 2) 5]
              [EQUAL? (QUOTIENT 10) 0.1])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Remainder
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (REMAINDER 9 2) 1]
              [EQUAL? (REMAINDER 10 10) 0])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Modulo
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (MODULO 9 2) 1]
              [EQUAL? (MODULO 10 10) 0])
end


to Tests.Arithmetic.Int
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (INT 9.2) 9]
              [EQUAL? (INT 9.9) 9])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Round
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (ROUND 9.2) 9]
              [EQUAL? (ROUND 9.9) 10])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.SQRT
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (SQRT 9) 3]
              [EQUAL? (SQRT 441) 21])
end


to Tests.Arithmetic.POWER
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (POWER 3 2) 9]
              [EQUAL? (POWER 21 2) 441])
end


to Tests.Arithmetic.EXP
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (EXP 0) 1]
              [EQUAL? (EXP 1) 2.71828182845904523536])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.LOG10
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (LOG10 1) 0]
              [EQUAL? (LOG10 10) 1]
	      [EQUAL? (LOG10 100) 2]
              [EQUAL? (LOG10 1000) 3])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.LN
  OUTPUT (AND [EQUAL? (LN 10) 4.6051701859880913680359829093687]
              [EQUAL? (LN 100) 4.6051701859880913680359829093687])
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Sin
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.RadSin
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.Cos
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.RadCos
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.ArcTan
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.RadArcTan
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.ISeq
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end

to Tests.Arithmetic.RSeq
  OUTPUT EQUAL? 0 1
end
ucblogo-6.1/configure_hand0000775000175000017500000017753113575571772014054 0ustar  jjcjjc#! /bin/sh

# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated automatically using autoconf version 2.10 
# Copyright (C) 1992, 93, 94, 95, 96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.

# Defaults:
ac_help=
ac_default_prefix=/usr/local
# Any additions from configure.in:
ac_help="$ac_help
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cache_file=./config.cache
exec_prefix=NONE
host=NONE
no_create=
nonopt=NONE
no_recursion=
prefix=NONE
program_prefix=NONE
program_suffix=NONE
program_transform_name=s,x,x,
silent=
site=
srcdir=
target=NONE
verbose=
x_includes=NONE
x_libraries=NONE
wx_config_path=NONE
wx_enable=maybe
bindir='${exec_prefix}/bin'
sbindir='${exec_prefix}/sbin'
libexecdir='${exec_prefix}/libexec'
datadir='${prefix}/share'
sysconfdir='${prefix}/etc'
sharedstatedir='${prefix}/com'
localstatedir='${prefix}/var'
libdir='${exec_prefix}/lib'
includedir='${prefix}/include'
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mandir='${prefix}/man'

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Usage: configure [options] [host]
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    # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names.
    if test -n "`echo $ac_package| sed 's/[-a-zA-Z0-9_]//g'`"; then
      { echo "configure: error: $ac_package: invalid package name" 1>&2; exit 1; }
    fi
    ac_package=`echo $ac_package| sed 's/-/_/g'`
    eval "with_${ac_package}=no" ;;

  --x)
    # Obsolete; use --with-x.
    with_x=yes ;;

  -x-includes | --x-includes | --x-include | --x-includ | --x-inclu \
  | --x-incl | --x-inc | --x-in | --x-i)
    ac_prev=x_includes ;;
  -x-includes=* | --x-includes=* | --x-include=* | --x-includ=* | --x-inclu=* \
  | --x-incl=* | --x-inc=* | --x-in=* | --x-i=*)
    x_includes="$ac_optarg" ;;

  -x-libraries | --x-libraries | --x-librarie | --x-librari \
  | --x-librar | --x-libra | --x-libr | --x-lib | --x-li | --x-l)
    ac_prev=x_libraries ;;
  -x-libraries=* | --x-libraries=* | --x-librarie=* | --x-librari=* \
  | --x-librar=* | --x-libra=* | --x-libr=* | --x-lib=* | --x-li=* | --x-l=*)
    x_libraries="$ac_optarg" ;;
   -wx-config_path=* | --wx-config_path=*)
    wx_config_path="$ac_optarg" ;;
  -wx-enable | --wx-enable | -wx | --wx)
    wx_enable=yes;;
  -wx-disable | --wx-disable | -nowx | --nowx)
    wx_enable=no;;
  -*) { echo "configure: error: $ac_option: invalid option; use --help to show usage" 1>&2; exit 1; }
    ;;

  *)
    if test -n "`echo $ac_option| sed 's/[-a-z0-9.]//g'`"; then
      echo "configure: warning: $ac_option: invalid host type" 1>&2
    fi
    if test "x$nonopt" != xNONE; then
      { echo "configure: error: can only configure for one host and one target at a time" 1>&2; exit 1; }
    fi
    nonopt="$ac_option"
    ;;

  esac
done

if test -n "$ac_prev"; then
  { echo "configure: error: missing argument to --`echo $ac_prev | sed 's/_/-/g'`" 1>&2; exit 1; }
fi

trap 'rm -fr conftest* confdefs* core core.* *.core $ac_clean_files; exit 1' 1 2 15

# File descriptor usage:
# 0 standard input
# 1 file creation
# 2 errors and warnings
# 3 some systems may open it to /dev/tty
# 4 used on the Kubota Titan
# 6 checking for... messages and results
# 5 compiler messages saved in config.log
if test "$silent" = yes; then
  exec 6>/dev/null
else
  exec 6>&1
fi
exec 5>./config.log

echo "\
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
" 1>&5

# Strip out --no-create and --no-recursion so they do not pile up.
# Also quote any args containing shell metacharacters.
ac_configure_args=
for ac_arg
do
  case "$ac_arg" in
  -no-create | --no-create | --no-creat | --no-crea | --no-cre \
  | --no-cr | --no-c) ;;
  -no-recursion | --no-recursion | --no-recursio | --no-recursi \
  | --no-recurs | --no-recur | --no-recu | --no-rec | --no-re | --no-r) ;;
  *" "*|*"	"*|*[\[\]\~\#\$\^\&\*\(\)\{\}\\\|\;\<\>\?]*)
  ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args '$ac_arg'" ;;
  *) ac_configure_args="$ac_configure_args $ac_arg" ;;
  esac
done

# NLS nuisances.
# Only set LANG and LC_ALL to C if already set.
# These must not be set unconditionally because not all systems understand
# e.g. LANG=C (notably SCO).
if test "${LC_ALL+set}" = set; then LC_ALL=C; export LC_ALL; fi
if test "${LANG+set}"   = set; then LANG=C;   export LANG;   fi

# confdefs.h avoids OS command line length limits that DEFS can exceed.
rm -rf conftest* confdefs.h
# AIX cpp loses on an empty file, so make sure it contains at least a newline.
echo > confdefs.h

# A filename unique to this package, relative to the directory that
# configure is in, which we can look for to find out if srcdir is correct.
ac_unique_file=coms.c

# Find the source files, if location was not specified.
if test -z "$srcdir"; then
  ac_srcdir_defaulted=yes
  # Try the directory containing this script, then its parent.
  ac_prog=$0
  ac_confdir=`echo $ac_prog|sed 's%/[^/][^/]*$%%'`
  test "x$ac_confdir" = "x$ac_prog" && ac_confdir=.
  srcdir=$ac_confdir
  if test ! -r $srcdir/$ac_unique_file; then
    srcdir=..
  fi
else
  ac_srcdir_defaulted=no
fi
if test ! -r $srcdir/$ac_unique_file; then
  if test "$ac_srcdir_defaulted" = yes; then
    { echo "configure: error: can not find sources in $ac_confdir or .." 1>&2; exit 1; }
  else
    { echo "configure: error: can not find sources in $srcdir" 1>&2; exit 1; }
  fi
fi
srcdir=`echo "${srcdir}" | sed 's%\([^/]\)/*$%\1%'`

# Prefer explicitly selected file to automatically selected ones.
if test -z "$CONFIG_SITE"; then
  if test "x$prefix" != xNONE; then
    CONFIG_SITE="$prefix/share/config.site $prefix/etc/config.site"
  else
    CONFIG_SITE="$ac_default_prefix/share/config.site $ac_default_prefix/etc/config.site"
  fi
fi
for ac_site_file in $CONFIG_SITE; do
  if test -r "$ac_site_file"; then
    echo "loading site script $ac_site_file"
    . "$ac_site_file"
  fi
done

if test -r "$cache_file"; then
  echo "loading cache $cache_file"
  . $cache_file
else
  echo "creating cache $cache_file"
  > $cache_file
fi

ac_ext=c
# CFLAGS is not in ac_cpp because -g, -O, etc. are not valid cpp options.
ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='${CC-cc} -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext 1>&5'
ac_link='${CC-cc} -o conftest $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS 1>&5'

if (echo "testing\c"; echo 1,2,3) | grep c >/dev/null; then
  # Stardent Vistra SVR4 grep lacks -e, says ghazi@caip.rutgers.edu.
  if (echo -n testing; echo 1,2,3) | sed s/-n/xn/ | grep xn >/dev/null; then
    ac_n= ac_c='
' ac_t='	'
  else
    ac_n=-n ac_c= ac_t=
  fi
else
  ac_n= ac_c='\c' ac_t=
fi





# Extract the first word of "gcc", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy gcc; ac_word=$2
echo $ac_n "checking for $ac_word""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_prog_CC'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  if test -n "$CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
  IFS="${IFS= 	}"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:"
  for ac_dir in $PATH; do
    test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=.
    if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then
      ac_cv_prog_CC="gcc"
      break
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
fi
fi
CC="$ac_cv_prog_CC"
if test -n "$CC"; then
  echo "$ac_t""$CC" 1>&6
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

if test -z "$CC"; then
  # Extract the first word of "cc", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy cc; ac_word=$2
echo $ac_n "checking for $ac_word""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_prog_CC'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  if test -n "$CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
  IFS="${IFS= 	}"; ac_save_ifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:"
  ac_prog_rejected=no
  for ac_dir in $PATH; do
    test -z "$ac_dir" && ac_dir=.
    if test -f $ac_dir/$ac_word; then
      if test "$ac_dir/$ac_word" = "/usr/ucb/cc"; then
        ac_prog_rejected=yes
	continue
      fi
      ac_cv_prog_CC="cc"
      break
    fi
  done
  IFS="$ac_save_ifs"
if test $ac_prog_rejected = yes; then
  # We found a bogon in the path, so make sure we never use it.
  set dummy $ac_cv_prog_CC
  shift
  if test $# -gt 0; then
    # We chose a different compiler from the bogus one.
    # However, it has the same basename, so the bogon will be chosen
    # first if we set CC to just the basename; use the full file name.
    shift
    set dummy "$ac_dir/$ac_word" "$@"
    shift
    ac_cv_prog_CC="$@"
  fi
fi
fi
fi
CC="$ac_cv_prog_CC"
if test -n "$CC"; then
  echo "$ac_t""$CC" 1>&6
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

  test -z "$CC" && { echo "configure: error: no acceptable cc found in \$PATH" 1>&2; exit 1; }
fi

echo $ac_n "checking whether we are using GNU C""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_prog_gcc'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  cat > conftest.c <&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; }; } | egrep yes >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  ac_cv_prog_gcc=yes
else
  ac_cv_prog_gcc=no
fi
fi

echo "$ac_t""$ac_cv_prog_gcc" 1>&6
if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc = yes; then
  GCC=yes
  if test "${CFLAGS+set}" != set; then
    echo $ac_n "checking whether ${CC-cc} accepts -g""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_prog_gcc_g'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  echo 'void f(){}' > conftest.c
if test -z "`${CC-cc} -g -c conftest.c 2>&1`"; then
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_g=yes
else
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_g=no
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi

echo "$ac_t""$ac_cv_prog_gcc_g" 1>&6
    if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc_g = yes; then
      CFLAGS="-g -O"
    else
      CFLAGS="-O"
    fi
  fi
else
  GCC=
  test "${CFLAGS+set}" = set || CFLAGS="-g"
fi



echo $ac_n "checking how to run the C preprocessor""... $ac_c" 1>&6
# On Suns, sometimes $CPP names a directory.
if test -n "$CPP" && test -d "$CPP"; then
  CPP=
fi
if test -z "$CPP"; then
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_prog_CPP'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
    # This must be in double quotes, not single quotes, because CPP may get
  # substituted into the Makefile and "${CC-cc}" will confuse make.
  CPP="${CC-cc} -E"
  # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser,
  # not just through cpp.
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
Syntax Error
EOF
ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext >/dev/null 2>conftest.out"
{ (eval echo configure:667: \"$ac_try\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; }
ac_err=`grep -v '^ *+' conftest.out`
if test -z "$ac_err"; then
  :
else
  echo "$ac_err" >&5
  rm -rf conftest*
  CPP="${CC-cc} -E -traditional-cpp"
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
Syntax Error
EOF
ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext >/dev/null 2>conftest.out"
{ (eval echo configure:682: \"$ac_try\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; }
ac_err=`grep -v '^ *+' conftest.out`
if test -z "$ac_err"; then
  :
else
  echo "$ac_err" >&5
  rm -rf conftest*
  CPP=/lib/cpp
fi
rm -f conftest*
fi
rm -f conftest*
  ac_cv_prog_CPP="$CPP"
fi
  CPP="$ac_cv_prog_CPP"
else
  ac_cv_prog_CPP="$CPP"
fi
echo "$ac_t""$CPP" 1>&6

echo $ac_n "checking for POSIXized ISC""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if test -d /etc/conf/kconfig.d &&
  grep _POSIX_VERSION /usr/include/sys/unistd.h >/dev/null 2>&1
then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  ISC=yes # If later tests want to check for ISC.
  cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define _POSIX_SOURCE 1
EOF

  if test "$GCC" = yes; then
    CC="$CC -posix"
  else
    CC="$CC -Xp"
  fi
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
  ISC=
fi

TERMOFILE="term.o"
TERMFILE="term.c"
GRAPHICSOFILE=" xgraphics.o "
GRAPHICSFILE=" xgraphics.c "

#Alan input
# If wx is enabled, then x will be disabled.
if test "$wx_enable" = maybe; then
if test "-x /usr/local/bin/wx-config" -o "-x `which wx-config`"  ; then
    wx_enable='yes';
    echo "Found wx, activating it as default" ;
fi
fi
if test "$wx_enable" = yes; then
    #with_x=no

    if test $wx_config_path != NONE; then
	if test -x $wx_config_path; then
	    cd . # we are good
	fi
    elif test -x /usr/local/bin/wx-config ; then
	echo "checking valid wx installation"
	wx_config_path='/usr/local/bin/wx-config';
    elif test -x `which wx-config` ; then
      wx_config_path=`which wx-config`
    else
	echo "configure: error: cannot find wx-config" 1>&2; exit 1;
    fi
    cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define HAVE_WX 1
EOF
    WXOFILES="wxMain.o wxTerminal.o wxTurtleGraphics.o  TextEditor.o"
    WXSRCFILES="wxMain.cpp wxTerminal.cpp wxTurtleGraphics.cpp  TextEditor.cpp"
    LIBS="$LIBS "`$wx_config_path --libs`;
    CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -DHAVE_WX "`$wx_config_path --cxxflags`;
    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DHAVE_WX "
    TERMOFILE="wxterm.o"
    TERMFILE="wxterm.c"
    GRAPHICSOFILE=""
    GRAPHICSFILE=""
    LINKER='$(CXX)'
else
    LINKER='$(CC)'
fi

# If we find X, set shell vars x_includes and x_libraries to the
# paths, otherwise set no_x=yes.
# Uses ac_ vars as temps to allow command line to override cache and checks.
# --without-x overrides everything else, but does not touch the cache.
echo $ac_n "checking for X""... $ac_c" 1>&6

# Check whether --with-x or --without-x was given.
if test "${with_x+set}" = set; then
  withval="$with_x"
  :
fi

# $have_x is `yes', `no', `disabled', or empty when we do not yet know.
if test "x$with_x" = xno; then
  # The user explicitly disabled X.
  have_x=disabled
else
  if test "x$x_includes" != xNONE && test "x$x_libraries" != xNONE; then
    # Both variables are already set.
    have_x=yes
  else
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_have_x'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  # One or both of the vars are not set, and there is no cached value.
ac_x_includes=NO ac_x_libraries=NO
rm -fr conftestdir
if mkdir conftestdir; then
  cd conftestdir
  # Make sure to not put "make" in the Imakefile rules, since we grep it out.
  cat > Imakefile <<'EOF'
acfindx:
	@echo 'ac_im_incroot="${INCROOT}"; ac_im_usrlibdir="${USRLIBDIR}"; ac_im_libdir="${LIBDIR}"'
EOF
  if (xmkmf) >/dev/null 2>/dev/null && test -f Makefile; then
    # GNU make sometimes prints "make[1]: Entering...", which would confuse us.
    eval `${MAKE-make} acfindx 2>/dev/null | grep -v make`
    # Open Windows xmkmf reportedly sets LIBDIR instead of USRLIBDIR.
    for ac_extension in a so sl; do
      if test ! -f $ac_im_usrlibdir/libX11.$ac_extension &&
        test -f $ac_im_libdir/libX11.$ac_extension; then
        ac_im_usrlibdir=$ac_im_libdir; break
      fi
    done
    # Screen out bogus values from the imake configuration.
    case "$ac_im_incroot" in
	/usr/include) ;;
	*) test -f "$ac_im_incroot/X11/Xos.h" && ac_x_includes="$ac_im_incroot" ;;
    esac
    case "$ac_im_usrlibdir" in
	/usr/lib | /lib) ;;
	*) test -d "$ac_im_usrlibdir" && ac_x_libraries="$ac_im_usrlibdir" ;;
    esac
  fi
  cd ..
  rm -fr conftestdir
fi

if test "$ac_x_includes" = NO; then
  # Guess where to find include files, by looking for this one X11 .h file.
  test -z "$x_direct_test_include" && x_direct_test_include=X11/Intrinsic.h

  # First, try using that file with no special directory specified.
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
EOF
ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext >/dev/null 2>conftest.out"
{ (eval echo configure:791: \"$ac_try\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; }
ac_err=`grep -v '^ *+' conftest.out`
if test -z "$ac_err"; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  # We can compile using X headers with no special include directory.
ac_x_includes=
else
  echo "$ac_err" >&5
  rm -rf conftest*
  # Look for the header file in a standard set of common directories.
  for ac_dir in               \
    /usr/X11R6/include        \
    /usr/X11R5/include        \
    /usr/X11R4/include        \
                              \
    /usr/X11R6/include/X11    \
    /usr/X11R5/include/X11    \
    /usr/X11R4/include/X11    \
                              \
    /usr/include/X11R6        \
    /usr/include/X11R5        \
    /usr/include/X11R4        \
                              \
    /usr/local/X11R6/include  \
    /usr/local/X11R5/include  \
    /usr/local/X11R4/include  \
                              \
    /usr/local/include/X11R6  \
    /usr/local/include/X11R5  \
    /usr/local/include/X11R4  \
                              \
    /usr/X11/include          \
    /usr/include/X11          \
    /usr/local/X11/include    \
    /usr/local/include/X11    \
                              \
    /usr/X386/include         \
    /usr/x386/include         \
    /usr/XFree86/include/X11  \
                              \
    /usr/include              \
    /usr/local/include        \
    /usr/unsupported/include  \
    /usr/athena/include       \
    /usr/local/x11r5/include  \
    /usr/lpp/Xamples/include  \
                              \
    /usr/openwin/include      \
    /usr/openwin/share/include \
    ; \
  do
    if test -r "$ac_dir/$x_direct_test_include"; then
      ac_x_includes=$ac_dir
      break
    fi
  done
fi
rm -f conftest*
fi # $ac_x_includes = NO

if test "$ac_x_libraries" = NO; then
  # Check for the libraries.

  test -z "$x_direct_test_library" && x_direct_test_library=Xt
  test -z "$x_direct_test_function" && x_direct_test_function=XtMalloc

  # See if we find them without any special options.
  # Don't add to $LIBS permanently.
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
  LIBS="-l$x_direct_test_library $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"
# We can link X programs with no special library path.
ac_x_libraries=
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"
# First see if replacing the include by lib works.
for ac_dir in `echo "$ac_x_includes" | sed s/include/lib/` \
    /usr/X11R6/lib        \
    /usr/X11R5/lib        \
    /usr/X11R4/lib        \
                          \
    /usr/lib/X11R6        \
    /usr/lib/X11R5        \
    /usr/lib/X11R4        \
                          \
    /usr/local/X11R6/lib  \
    /usr/local/X11R5/lib  \
    /usr/local/X11R4/lib  \
                          \
    /usr/local/lib/X11R6  \
    /usr/local/lib/X11R5  \
    /usr/local/lib/X11R4  \
                          \
    /usr/X11/lib          \
    /usr/lib/X11          \
    /usr/local/X11/lib    \
    /usr/local/lib/X11    \
                          \
    /usr/X386/lib         \
    /usr/x386/lib         \
    /usr/XFree86/lib/X11  \
                          \
    /usr/lib              \
    /usr/local/lib        \
    /usr/unsupported/lib  \
    /usr/athena/lib       \
    /usr/local/x11r5/lib  \
    /usr/lpp/Xamples/lib  \
                          \
    /usr/openwin/lib      \
    /usr/openwin/share/lib \
    ; \
do
  for ac_extension in a so sl; do
    if test -r $ac_dir/lib${x_direct_test_library}.$ac_extension; then
      ac_x_libraries=$ac_dir
      break 2
    fi
  done
done
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi # $ac_x_libraries = NO

if test "$ac_x_includes" = NO || test "$ac_x_libraries" = NO; then
  # Didn't find X anywhere.  Cache the known absence of X.
  ac_cv_have_x="have_x=no"
else
  # Record where we found X for the cache.
  ac_cv_have_x="have_x=yes \
	        ac_x_includes=$ac_x_includes ac_x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries"
fi
fi
  fi
  eval "$ac_cv_have_x"
fi # $with_x != no

if test "$have_x" != yes; then
  echo "$ac_t""$have_x" 1>&6
  no_x=yes
else
  # If each of the values was on the command line, it overrides each guess.
  test "x$x_includes" = xNONE && x_includes=$ac_x_includes
  test "x$x_libraries" = xNONE && x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries
  # Update the cache value to reflect the command line values.
  ac_cv_have_x="have_x=yes \
		ac_x_includes=$x_includes ac_x_libraries=$x_libraries"
  echo "$ac_t""libraries $x_libraries, headers $x_includes" 1>&6
fi

if test "$no_x" = yes; then
  # Not all programs may use this symbol, but it does not hurt to define it.
  X_CFLAGS="$X_CFLAGS -DX_DISPLAY_MISSING"
else
  if test -n "$x_includes"; then
    X_CFLAGS="$X_CFLAGS -I$x_includes"
  fi

  # It would be nice to have a more robust check for the -R ld option than
  # just checking for Solaris.
  # It would also be nice to do this for all -L options, not just this one.
  if test -n "$x_libraries"; then
    X_LIBS="$X_LIBS -L$x_libraries"
    if test "`(uname) 2>/dev/null`" = SunOS &&
      uname -r | grep '^5' >/dev/null; then
      X_LIBS="$X_LIBS -R $x_libraries"
    fi
  fi

  # Check for libraries that X11R6 Xt/Xaw programs need.

  ac_save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"
  LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$x_libraries"
  # SM needs ICE to (dynamically) link under SunOS 4.x (so we have to
  # check for ICE first), but we must link in the order -lSM -lICE or
  # we get undefined symbols.  So assume we have SM if we have ICE.
  # These have to be linked with before -lX11, unlike the other
  # libraries we check for below, so use a different variable.
  #  --interran@uluru.Stanford.EDU, kb@cs.umb.edu.
  echo $ac_n "checking for -lICE""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo ICE'_'IceConnectionNumber | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lICE  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  X_PRE_LIBS="$X_PRE_LIBS -lSM -lICE"
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

  LDFLAGS="$ac_save_LDFLAGS"

  # Check for system-dependent libraries X programs must link with.

  if test "$ISC" = yes; then
    X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl_s -linet"
  else
    # Martyn.Johnson@cl.cam.ac.uk says this is needed for Ultrix, if the X
    # libraries were built with DECnet support.  And karl@cs.umb.edu says
    # the Alpha needs dnet_stub (dnet does not exist).
    echo $ac_n "checking for -ldnet""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo dnet'_'dnet_ntoa | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-ldnet  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet"
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

    if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = no; then
      echo $ac_n "checking for -ldnet_stub""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo dnet_stub'_'dnet_ntoa | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-ldnet_stub  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet_stub"
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

    fi

    # msh@cis.ufl.edu says -lnsl (and -lsocket) are needed for his 386/AT,
    # to get the SysV transport functions.
    # Not sure which flavor of 386 UNIX this is, but it seems harmless to
    # check for it.
    echo $ac_n "checking for -lnsl""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo nsl'_'t_accept | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lnsl  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl"
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi


    # lieder@skyler.mavd.honeywell.com says without -lsocket,
    # socket/setsockopt and other routines are undefined under SCO ODT 2.0.
    # But -lsocket is broken on IRIX, according to simon@lia.di.epfl.ch.
    if test "`(uname) 2>/dev/null`" != IRIX; then
      echo $ac_n "checking for -lsocket""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo socket'_'socket | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lsocket  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lsocket"
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

    fi
  fi
fi

echo $ac_n "checking for -lm""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo m'_'atan | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lm  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
    ac_tr_lib=HAVE_LIB`echo m | tr 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`
  cat >> confdefs.h <&6
fi

echo $ac_n "checking for -lBSD""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo BSD'_'signal | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lBSD  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
    ac_tr_lib=HAVE_LIB`echo BSD | tr 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`
  cat >> confdefs.h <&6
fi

echo $ac_n "checking for -lbsd""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo bsd'_'signal | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lbsd  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
    ac_tr_lib=HAVE_LIB`echo bsd | tr 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`
  cat >> confdefs.h <&6
fi


tcap=no
echo $ac_n "checking for -ltermcap""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo termcap'_'tgetstr | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-ltermcap  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define HAVE_LIBTERMCAP 1
EOF
 LIBS="$LIBS -ltermcap" tcap=yes
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

if test $tcap = no; then
   echo $ac_n "checking for -ltermlib""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo termlib'_'tgetstr | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-ltermlib  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define HAVE_LIBTERMLIB 1
EOF
 LIBS="$LIBS -ltermlib" tcap=yes
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

fi
if test $tcap = no; then
   echo $ac_n "checking for -lcurses""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo curses'_'tgetstr | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lcurses  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define HAVE_LIBCURSES 1
EOF
 LIBS="$LIBS -lcurses" tcap=yes
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

fi
if test $tcap = no; then
   echo $ac_n "checking for -lncurses""... $ac_c" 1>&6
ac_lib_var=`echo ncurses'_'tgetstr | tr './+\055' '__p_'`
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  ac_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
LIBS="-lncurses  $LIBS"
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_lib_$ac_lib_var=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
LIBS="$ac_save_LIBS"

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_lib_'$ac_lib_var`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
  cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define HAVE_LIBNCURSES 1
EOF
 LIBS="$LIBS -lncurses" tcap=yes
else
  echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6
fi

fi

# If we cannot run a trivial program, we must be cross compiling.
echo $ac_n "checking whether cross-compiling""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_c_cross'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
  ac_cv_c_cross=yes
else
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }
if test -s conftest && (./conftest; exit) 2>/dev/null; then
  ac_cv_c_cross=no
else
  ac_cv_c_cross=yes
fi
fi
rm -fr conftest*
fi

echo "$ac_t""$ac_cv_c_cross" 1>&6
cross_compiling=$ac_cv_c_cross

echo $ac_n "checking for ANSI C header files""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_header_stdc'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
#include 
#include 
#include 
EOF
ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext >/dev/null 2>conftest.out"
{ (eval echo configure:1496: \"$ac_try\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; }
ac_err=`grep -v '^ *+' conftest.out`
if test -z "$ac_err"; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_header_stdc=yes
else
  echo "$ac_err" >&5
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
rm -f conftest*

if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then
  # SunOS 4.x string.h does not declare mem*, contrary to ANSI.
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
EOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  egrep "memchr" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  :
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi

if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then
  # ISC 2.0.2 stdlib.h does not declare free, contrary to ANSI.
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
EOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  egrep "free" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  :
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi

if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then
  # /bin/cc in Irix-4.0.5 gets non-ANSI ctype macros unless using -ansi.
if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
  :
else
cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
#define ISLOWER(c) ('a' <= (c) && (c) <= 'z')
#define TOUPPER(c) (ISLOWER(c) ? 'A' + ((c) - 'a') : (c))
#define XOR(e, f) (((e) && !(f)) || (!(e) && (f)))
int main () { int i; for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
if (XOR (islower (i), ISLOWER (i)) || toupper (i) != TOUPPER (i)) exit(2);
exit (0); }

EOF
{ (eval echo configure:1561: \"$ac_link\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }
if test -s conftest && (./conftest; exit) 2>/dev/null; then
  :
else
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
fi
rm -fr conftest*
fi
fi

echo "$ac_t""$ac_cv_header_stdc" 1>&6
if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then
  cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define STDC_HEADERS 1
EOF

fi

for ac_hdr in sgtty.h termio.h unistd.h string.h
do
ac_safe=`echo "$ac_hdr" | tr './\055' '___'`
echo $ac_n "checking for $ac_hdr""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_header_$ac_safe'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
EOF
ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext >/dev/null 2>conftest.out"
{ (eval echo configure:1593: \"$ac_try\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_try) 2>&5; }
ac_err=`grep -v '^ *+' conftest.out`
if test -z "$ac_err"; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_header_$ac_safe=yes"
else
  echo "$ac_err" >&5
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_header_$ac_safe=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*
fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_header_'$ac_safe`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
    ac_tr_hdr=HAVE_`echo $ac_hdr | tr 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz./\055' 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ___'`
  cat >> confdefs.h <&6
fi
done


echo $ac_n "checking for size_t""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_type_size_t'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
#if STDC_HEADERS
#include 
#endif
EOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  egrep "size_t" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_type_size_t=yes
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_type_size_t=no
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi
echo "$ac_t""$ac_cv_type_size_t" 1>&6
if test $ac_cv_type_size_t = no; then
  cat >> confdefs.h <<\EOF
#define size_t unsigned
EOF

fi

echo $ac_n "checking return type of signal handlers""... $ac_c" 1>&6
# if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_type_signal'+set}'`\" = set"; then
#   echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
# else
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
#include 
#ifdef signal
#undef signal
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" void (*signal (int, void (*)(int)))(int);
#else
void (*signal ()) ();
#endif

int main() { return 0; }
int t() {
int i;
; return 0; }
EOF
if { (eval echo configure:1672: \"$ac_compile\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_type_signal=void
cat >> confdefs.h <> confdefs.h <&6
cat >> confdefs.h <&6
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
#include 
#ifdef signal
#undef signal
#endif
/* void (*signal (int, RETSIGTYPE (*)(int))); */

int main() { return 0; }
RETSIGTYPE t(int foo) {
int i;
signal(SIGINT,t);
return 0; }
EOF
if { (eval echo configure:1672: \"$ac_compile\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_compile) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
cat >> confdefs.h <&6
else
  rm -rf conftest*
cat >> confdefs.h <&6
fi


for ac_func in usleep srandom sigvec sigsetmask drem irint bcopy memcpy
do
echo $ac_n "checking for $ac_func""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_func_$ac_func'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
/* Override any gcc2 internal prototype to avoid an error.  */
/* We use char because int might match the return type of a gcc2
    builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
char $ac_func();

int main() { return 0; }
int t() {

/* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements
    to always fail with ENOSYS.  Some functions are actually named
    something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias.  */
#if defined (__stub_$ac_func) || defined (__stub___$ac_func)
choke me
#else
$ac_func();
#endif

; return 0; }
EOF
if { (eval echo configure:1721: \"$ac_link\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; }; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_func_$ac_func=yes"
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  eval "ac_cv_func_$ac_func=no"
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi
if eval "test \"`echo '$ac_cv_func_'$ac_func`\" = yes"; then
  echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
    ac_tr_func=HAVE_`echo $ac_func | tr 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`
  cat >> confdefs.h <&6
fi
done

if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc = yes; then
    echo $ac_n "checking whether ${CC-cc} needs -traditional""... $ac_c" 1>&6
if eval "test \"`echo '$''{'ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional'+set}'`\" = set"; then
  echo $ac_n "(cached) $ac_c" 1>&6
else
    ac_pattern="Autoconf.*'x'"
  cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
Autoconf TIOCGETP
EOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  egrep "$ac_pattern" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=yes
else
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=no
fi
rm -f conftest*


  if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional = no; then
    cat > conftest.$ac_ext <
Autoconf TCGETA
EOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  egrep "$ac_pattern" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  rm -rf conftest*
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=yes
fi
rm -f conftest*

  fi
fi

echo "$ac_t""$ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional" 1>&6
  if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional = yes; then
    CC="$CC -traditional"
  fi
fi


if test "$no_x" != yes; then
   LIBS="$LIBS -lX11"
fi

trap '' 1 2 15
cat > confcache <<\EOF
# This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure
# tests run on this system so they can be shared between configure
# scripts and configure runs.  It is not useful on other systems.
# If it contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it.
#
# By default, configure uses ./config.cache as the cache file,
# creating it if it does not exist already.  You can give configure
# the --cache-file=FILE option to use a different cache file; that is
# what configure does when it calls configure scripts in
# subdirectories, so they share the cache.
# Giving --cache-file=/dev/null disables caching, for debugging configure.
# config.status only pays attention to the cache file if you give it the
# --recheck option to rerun configure.
#
EOF
# Ultrix sh set writes to stderr and can't be redirected directly,
# and sets the high bit in the cache file unless we assign to the vars.
(set) 2>&1 |
  sed -n "s/^\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*_cv_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)=\(.*\)/\1=\${\1='\2'}/p" \
  >> confcache
if cmp -s $cache_file confcache; then
  :
else
  if test -w $cache_file; then
    echo "updating cache $cache_file"
    cat confcache > $cache_file
  else
    echo "not updating unwritable cache $cache_file"
  fi
fi
rm -f confcache

trap 'rm -fr conftest* confdefs* core core.* *.core $ac_clean_files; exit 1' 1 2 15

test "x$prefix" = xNONE && prefix=$ac_default_prefix
# Let make expand exec_prefix.
test "x$exec_prefix" = xNONE && exec_prefix='${prefix}'

# Any assignment to VPATH causes Sun make to only execute
# the first set of double-colon rules, so remove it if not needed.
# If there is a colon in the path, we need to keep it.
if test "x$srcdir" = x.; then
  ac_vpsub='/^[ 	]*VPATH[ 	]*=[^:]*$/d'
fi

trap 'rm -f $CONFIG_STATUS conftest*; exit 1' 1 2 15

DEFS=-DHAVE_CONFIG_H

# Without the "./", some shells look in PATH for config.status.
: ${CONFIG_STATUS=./config.status}

echo creating $CONFIG_STATUS
rm -f $CONFIG_STATUS
cat > $CONFIG_STATUS </dev/null | sed 1q`:
#
# $0 $ac_configure_args
#
# Compiler output produced by configure, useful for debugging
# configure, is in ./config.log if it exists.

ac_cs_usage="Usage: $CONFIG_STATUS [--recheck] [--version] [--help]"
for ac_option
do
  case "\$ac_option" in
  -recheck | --recheck | --rechec | --reche | --rech | --rec | --re | --r)
    echo "running \${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $0 $ac_configure_args --no-create --no-recursion"
    exec \${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $0 $ac_configure_args --no-create --no-recursion ;;
  -version | --version | --versio | --versi | --vers | --ver | --ve | --v)
    echo "$CONFIG_STATUS generated by autoconf version 2.10"
    exit 0 ;;
  -help | --help | --hel | --he | --h)
    echo "\$ac_cs_usage"; exit 0 ;;
  *) echo "\$ac_cs_usage"; exit 1 ;;
  esac
done

ac_given_srcdir=$srcdir

trap 'rm -fr `echo "makefile config.h" | sed "s/:[^ ]*//g"` conftest*; exit 1' 1 2 15
EOF
cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS < conftest.subs <<\\CEOF
$ac_vpsub
$extrasub
s%@GRAPHICSOFILE@%$GRAPHICSOFILE%g
s%@GRAPHICSFILE@%$GRAPHICSFILE%g
s%@TERMOFILE@%$TERMOFILE%g
s%@TERMFILE@%$TERMFILE%g
s%@WXOFILES@%$WXOFILES%g
s%@WXSRCFILES@%$WXSRCFILES%g
s%@LINKER@%$LINKER%g
s%@CFLAGS@%$CFLAGS%g
s%@CPPFLAGS@%$CPPFLAGS%g
s%@CXXFLAGS@%$CXXFLAGS%g
s%@DEFS@%$DEFS%g
s%@LDFLAGS@%$LDFLAGS%g
s%@LIBS@%$LIBS%g
s%@exec_prefix@%$exec_prefix%g
s%@prefix@%$prefix%g
s%@program_transform_name@%$program_transform_name%g
s%@bindir@%$bindir%g
s%@sbindir@%$sbindir%g
s%@libexecdir@%$libexecdir%g
s%@datadir@%$datadir%g
s%@sysconfdir@%$sysconfdir%g
s%@sharedstatedir@%$sharedstatedir%g
s%@localstatedir@%$localstatedir%g
s%@libdir@%$libdir%g
s%@includedir@%$includedir%g
s%@oldincludedir@%$oldincludedir%g
s%@infodir@%$infodir%g
s%@mandir@%$mandir%g
s%@CC@%$CC%g
s%@CPP@%$CPP%g
s%@X_CFLAGS@%$X_CFLAGS%g
s%@X_PRE_LIBS@%$X_PRE_LIBS%g
s%@X_LIBS@%$X_LIBS%g
s%@X_EXTRA_LIBS@%$X_EXTRA_LIBS%g

CEOF
EOF
cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <> $CONFIG_STATUS <<\EOF
for ac_file in .. $CONFIG_FILES; do if test "x$ac_file" != x..; then
  # Support "outfile[:infile]", defaulting infile="outfile.in".
  case "$ac_file" in
  *:*) ac_file_in=`echo "$ac_file"|sed 's%.*:%%'`
       ac_file=`echo "$ac_file"|sed 's%:.*%%'` ;;
  *) ac_file_in="${ac_file}.in" ;;
  esac

  # Adjust relative srcdir, etc. for subdirectories.

  # Remove last slash and all that follows it.  Not all systems have dirname.
  ac_dir=`echo $ac_file|sed 's%/[^/][^/]*$%%'`
  if test "$ac_dir" != "$ac_file" && test "$ac_dir" != .; then
    # The file is in a subdirectory.
    test ! -d "$ac_dir" && mkdir "$ac_dir"
    ac_dir_suffix="/`echo $ac_dir|sed 's%^\./%%'`"
    # A "../" for each directory in $ac_dir_suffix.
    ac_dots=`echo $ac_dir_suffix|sed 's%/[^/]*%../%g'`
  else
    ac_dir_suffix= ac_dots=
  fi

  case "$ac_given_srcdir" in
  .)  srcdir=.
      if test -z "$ac_dots"; then top_srcdir=.
      else top_srcdir=`echo $ac_dots|sed 's%/$%%'`; fi ;;
  /*) srcdir="$ac_given_srcdir$ac_dir_suffix"; top_srcdir="$ac_given_srcdir" ;;
  *) # Relative path.
    srcdir="$ac_dots$ac_given_srcdir$ac_dir_suffix"
    top_srcdir="$ac_dots$ac_given_srcdir" ;;
  esac

  echo creating "$ac_file"
  rm -f "$ac_file"
  configure_input="Generated automatically from `echo $ac_file_in|sed 's%.*/%%'` by configure."
  case "$ac_file" in
  *Makefile*) ac_comsub="1i\\
# $configure_input" ;;
  *) ac_comsub= ;;
  esac
  sed -e "$ac_comsub
s%@configure_input@%$configure_input%g
s%@srcdir@%$srcdir%g
s%@top_srcdir@%$top_srcdir%g
" -f conftest.subs $ac_given_srcdir/$ac_file_in > $ac_file
fi; done
rm -f conftest.subs

# These sed commands are passed to sed as "A NAME B NAME C VALUE D", where
# NAME is the cpp macro being defined and VALUE is the value it is being given.
#
# ac_d sets the value in "#define NAME VALUE" lines.
ac_dA='s%^\([ 	]*\)#\([ 	]*define[ 	][ 	]*\)'
ac_dB='\([ 	][ 	]*\)[^ 	]*%\1#\2'
ac_dC='\3'
ac_dD='%g'
# ac_u turns "#undef NAME" with trailing blanks into "#define NAME VALUE".
ac_uA='s%^\([ 	]*\)#\([ 	]*\)undef\([ 	][ 	]*\)'
ac_uB='\([ 	]\)%\1#\2define\3'
ac_uC=' '
ac_uD='\4%g'
# ac_e turns "#undef NAME" without trailing blanks into "#define NAME VALUE".
ac_eA='s%^\([ 	]*\)#\([ 	]*\)undef\([ 	][ 	]*\)'
ac_eB='$%\1#\2define\3'
ac_eC=' '
ac_eD='%g'

CONFIG_HEADERS=${CONFIG_HEADERS-"config.h"}
for ac_file in .. $CONFIG_HEADERS; do if test "x$ac_file" != x..; then
  # Support "outfile[:infile]", defaulting infile="outfile.in".
  case "$ac_file" in
  *:*) ac_file_in=`echo "$ac_file"|sed 's%.*:%%'`
       ac_file=`echo "$ac_file"|sed 's%:.*%%'` ;;
  *) ac_file_in="${ac_file}.in" ;;
  esac

  echo creating $ac_file

  rm -f conftest.frag conftest.in conftest.out
  cp $ac_given_srcdir/$ac_file_in conftest.in

EOF

# Transform confdefs.h into a sed script conftest.vals that substitutes
# the proper values into config.h.in to produce config.h.  And first:
# Protect against being on the right side of a sed subst in config.status.
# Protect against being in an unquoted here document in config.status.
rm -f conftest.vals
cat > conftest.hdr <<\EOF
s/[\\&%]/\\&/g
s%[\\$`]%\\&%g
s%#define \([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\) *\(.*\)%${ac_dA}\1${ac_dB}\1${ac_dC}\2${ac_dD}%gp
s%ac_d%ac_u%gp
s%ac_u%ac_e%gp
EOF
sed -n -f conftest.hdr confdefs.h > conftest.vals
rm -f conftest.hdr

# This sed command replaces #undef with comments.  This is necessary, for
# example, in the case of _POSIX_SOURCE, which is predefined and required
# on some systems where configure will not decide to define it.
cat >> conftest.vals <<\EOF
s%^[ 	]*#[ 	]*undef[ 	][ 	]*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*%/* & */%
EOF

# Break up conftest.vals because some shells have a limit on
# the size of here documents, and old seds have small limits too.
# Maximum number of lines to put in a single here document.
ac_max_here_lines=12

rm -f conftest.tail
while :
do
  ac_lines=`grep -c . conftest.vals`
  # grep -c gives empty output for an empty file on some AIX systems.
  if test -z "$ac_lines" || test "$ac_lines" -eq 0; then break; fi
  # Write a limited-size here document to conftest.frag.
  echo '  cat > conftest.frag <> $CONFIG_STATUS
  sed ${ac_max_here_lines}q conftest.vals >> $CONFIG_STATUS
  echo 'CEOF
  sed -f conftest.frag conftest.in > conftest.out
  rm -f conftest.in
  mv conftest.out conftest.in
' >> $CONFIG_STATUS
  sed 1,${ac_max_here_lines}d conftest.vals > conftest.tail
  rm -f conftest.vals
  mv conftest.tail conftest.vals
done
rm -f conftest.vals

cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <<\EOF
  rm -f conftest.frag conftest.h
  echo "/* $ac_file.  Generated automatically by configure.  */" > conftest.h
  cat conftest.in >> conftest.h
  rm -f conftest.in
  if cmp -s $ac_file conftest.h 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "$ac_file is unchanged"
    rm -f conftest.h
  else
    # Remove last slash and all that follows it.  Not all systems have dirname.
      ac_dir=`echo $ac_file|sed 's%/[^/][^/]*$%%'`
      if test "$ac_dir" != "$ac_file" && test "$ac_dir" != .; then
      # The file is in a subdirectory.
      test ! -d "$ac_dir" && mkdir "$ac_dir"
    fi
    rm -f $ac_file
    mv conftest.h $ac_file
  fi
fi; done



exit 0
EOF
chmod +x $CONFIG_STATUS
rm -fr confdefs* $ac_clean_files
test "$no_create" = yes || ${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $CONFIG_STATUS || exit 1

ucblogo-6.1/ztcterm.c0000664000175000017500000004170613575571772013001 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      ztcterm.c           IBM screen module             mak
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "ztcterm.h"

char *LogoPlatformName="DOS";

/************************************************************/

unsigned _stack = 8000; /* 5000 for debugging, 65000 for real */

BOOLEAN in_graphics_mode = FALSE, in_splitscreen = FALSE;
BOOLEAN have_been_in_graphics_mode = FALSE, can_do_color = FALSE;
BOOLEAN in_erase_mode = FALSE;

/* NOTE NOTE NOTE:  graphics.c really really believes that the top left
 * corner of the screen has hardware coords (0,0).  Zortech has (0,0)
 * in the BOTTOM left.  It's hopeless to fix graphics.c so instead we
 * use the following kludge: go ahead and think the screen is upside down,
 * and switch to Zortech coords only in draw_line! */

int ibm_screen_bottom;
int current_write_mode = FG_MODE_SET;
int current_vis = 0;
fg_color_t turtle_color, bg_color;
fg_color_t dull, bright;
fg_coord_t texth;
fg_coord_t MaxX, MaxY;
int ztc_penwidth = 1, ztc_linepattern = -1;
fg_box_t ztc_box, ztc_textbox, text_scroll_box, text_last_line_box, clear_box;
void rgb_init(void);
int scrunching = FALSE;

fg_line_t the_line;
fg_coord_t ztc_x, ztc_y;
fg_color_t ztc_textcolor;
fg_color_t ztc_text_bgcolor = 0;
fg_coord_t ztc_graph_textx, ztc_graph_texty;
FIXNUM pen_color = 0, back_ground = 7;

void moveto(int x, int y) {
    ztc_x = (fg_coord_t)x;
    ztc_y = (fg_coord_t)y;
}

void lineto(int x, int y) {
    msm_hidecursor();
    fg_make_line(the_line, ztc_x, MaxY-ztc_y,
    		 (fg_coord_t)x, MaxY-(fg_coord_t)y);
    fg_drawthickline((in_erase_mode ? bg_color : turtle_color),
		   current_write_mode, ~0, FG_LINE_SOLID, the_line, ztc_box,
		   ztc_penwidth);
    moveto(x, y);
    msm_showcursor();
}

void outtext(char *s) {
    msm_hidecursor();
    fg_puts((in_erase_mode ? bg_color : turtle_color),
    	    current_write_mode, ~0, FG_ROT0, ztc_x, MaxY-ztc_y,
    	    s, fg.displaybox);
    msm_showcursor();
}

void gr_mode(void) {
    int errorcode;

    if (!in_graphics_mode) {
	msm_hidecursor();
	x_coord = x_margin;
	y_coord = y_margin;
	errorcode = fg_init();
	if (have_been_in_graphics_mode) {
	    in_graphics_mode = TRUE;
	    if (turtle_shown && !refresh_p) draw_turtle();
	    redraw_graphics();
	}
	else {
	    if (errorcode == 0)
		err_logo(BAD_GRAPH_INIT, NIL);
	    else {
		in_graphics_mode = have_been_in_graphics_mode = TRUE;
		if (can_do_color = (fg.nsimulcolor > 16 /* != fg.ncolormap */ )) {
			rgb_init();
			dull = fg.nsimulcolor-1;
			bright = 7;
		} else {
			turtle_color = FG_HIGHLIGHT;
			dull = FG_WHITE;
			bright = FG_HIGHLIGHT;
		}
		bg_color = FG_BLACK;
		ztc_set_penc(7);
		if (ztc_textcolor == FG_WHITE) ztc_textcolor = dull;
		back_ground = 0;
		ztc_box[FG_X1] = ztc_textbox[FG_X1]
			       = text_scroll_box[FG_X1]
			       = text_last_line_box[FG_X1]
			       = clear_box[FG_X1]
			       = fg.displaybox[FG_X1];
		ztc_textbox[FG_Y1] = fg.displaybox[FG_Y1];
		ztc_box[FG_X2] = ztc_textbox[FG_X2]
			       = text_scroll_box[FG_X2]
			       = text_last_line_box[FG_X2]
			       = clear_box[FG_X2]
			       = MaxX = fg.displaybox[FG_X2];
		ztc_box[FG_Y2] = MaxY
			       = clear_box[FG_Y2]
			       = fg.displaybox[FG_Y2];
		y_scale = (double)fg.pixelx/(double)fg.pixely;
		{
		    FILE *fp = fopen("scrunch.dat","r");
		    if (fp != NULL) {
		    	scrunching = TRUE;
			if (filelength(fileno(fp)) > 0) {
			    fread(&x_scale, sizeof(FLONUM), 1, fp);
			    fread(&y_scale, sizeof(FLONUM), 1, fp);
			}
			fclose(fp);
		    }
		}
		if (MaxY == 479)
		    texth = 16;
		else
		    texth = (MaxY+1)/25;
		ztc_box[FG_Y1] = 4*texth+1;
		clear_box[FG_Y1] = 4*texth;
		ibm_screen_bottom = MaxY - (ztc_box[FG_Y1]);
		ztc_textbox[FG_Y2] = 4*texth-1;
		text_scroll_box[FG_Y2] = 3*texth-1;
		text_scroll_box[FG_Y1] = 0;
		text_last_line_box[FG_Y2] = texth-1;
		lclearscreen(NIL);
		lcleartext(NIL);
		in_splitscreen = TRUE;
	   }
	}
	msm_showcursor();
    }
}

void nop() {
}

void init_ibm_memory(void) {
}

volatile int ctrl_c_count = 0;

BOOLEAN check_ibm_stop(void) {
    int key;
    int __ss *p;

/*    if (kbhit())
	getch(); */   /* allow DOS to test for control-C */

    p = &key;
    if ((int)p < 500) {
	err_logo(STACK_OVERFLOW, NIL);
	return(1);
    }

    if (((key = bioskey(1)) == (4113)) || ctrl_c_count > 0) { /* control-q */
	if (ctrl_c_count == 0) getch();
	ctrl_c_count = 0;
	err_logo(STOP_ERROR,NIL);
	return(1);
    }
    if (key == (4375)) { /* control-w */
	getch();
	to_pending = 0;
	lpause(NIL);
    }
    return (0);
}

void term_init_ibm(void) {
    disp_open();
    msm_init();
    msm_setareay(0,(disp_numrows-1)*8);
    msm_showcursor();
    ztc_textcolor = FG_WHITE;
    tty_charmode = 0;
    x_max = 80;
    y_max = 25;
    x_coord = y_coord = 0;
    so_arr[0] = '\1'; so_arr[1] = '\0';
    se_arr[0] = '\2'; se_arr[1] = '\0';
}

void ibm_gotoxy(int x, int y) {
    if (in_graphics_mode) {
	if (!in_splitscreen)
	    lsplitscreen(NIL);
	if (y >= 4) y = 3;
	ztc_graph_texty = texth*(3-y);
	fg_adjustxy(FG_ROT0, x, &ztc_graph_textx,
		    &ztc_graph_texty, fg.charbox);
    } else {
        disp_move(y, x);
	msm_hidecursor();
    	disp_flush();
	msm_showcursor();
    }
}

fg_color_t color_table[8] = {0, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};

FIXNUM hw_color(FIXNUM c) {
    if (can_do_color) return c;
    if (c >= 0 && c < 8) return color_table[c];
    if (c < 0) return c;
    return c-8;
}

void ibm_clear_text(void) {
    if (in_graphics_mode) {
	if (in_splitscreen)
	    erase_graphics_top();
    } else {
	disp_move(0,0);
	disp_eeop();
	msm_hidecursor();
	disp_flush();
	msm_showcursor();
    }
}

void ibm_clear_screen(void)
{
    msm_hidecursor();
    fg_fillbox(bg_color, FG_MODE_SET, ~0, clear_box);
    msm_showcursor();
}

void ibm_plain_mode(void) {
    if (in_graphics_mode)
	ztc_textcolor = dull;
    else
	disp_endstand();
}

void ibm_bold_mode(void) {
    if (in_graphics_mode)
	ztc_textcolor = bright;
    else
	disp_startstand();
}

NODE *set_text_color(NODE *args) {
    int fore, back;

    fore = getint(pos_int_arg(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
        back = getint(pos_int_arg(cdr(args)));
        if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    ztc_textcolor = hw_color(fore);
	    ztc_text_bgcolor = hw_color(back);
	    disp_setattr((back&07)<<4 | (fore&07));
        }
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

void erase_graphics_top(void) {
    msm_hidecursor();
    fg_fillbox(FG_BLACK, FG_MODE_SET, ~0, ztc_textbox);
    msm_showcursor();
    ztc_graph_textx = 0;
    ztc_graph_texty = 3*texth;
}

/************************************************************/
/* These are the machine-specific graphics definitions.  All versions must
   provide a set of functions analogous to these. */

void save_pen(pen_info *p) {
    p->h = ztc_x;
    p->v = ztc_y;
    p->vis = current_vis;
    p->width = ztc_penwidth;
    p->color = turtle_color;
    get_pen_pattern(p->pattern);
    p->mode = get_ibm_pen_mode();
}

void restore_pen(pen_info *p) {
    moveto(p->h, p->v);
    current_vis = p->vis;
    ztc_penwidth = p->width;
    set_ibm_pen_mode(p->mode);  /* must restore mode before color */
    turtle_color = p->color;
    set_pen_pattern(p->pattern);
}

struct rgbcolor { int red, green, blue; } the_palette[256] = { 
	{0,0,0}, {0,0,0},    /* entries -2 and -1 */
	{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 255}, {0, 255, 0}, {0, 255, 255},
	{255, 0, 0}, {255, 0, 255}, {255, 255, 0}, {255, 255, 255},
	{155, 96, 59}, {197, 136, 18}, {100, 162, 64}, {120, 187, 187},
	{255, 149, 119}, {144, 113, 208}, {255, 163, 0}, {183, 183, 183}};

void rgb_init(void) {
	int i,j;

	for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
		fg_setpalette(i+2, the_palette[i+2].red,
					the_palette[i+2].green,
					the_palette[i+2].blue);
		for (j=i+16; j= 255) return;
	the_palette[slot].red = (r+128)/256;
	the_palette[slot].green = (g+128)/256;
	the_palette[slot].blue = (b+128)/256;
	fg_setpalette(slot-1, the_palette[slot].red, the_palette[slot].green,
					the_palette[slot].blue);
}

void get_palette(int slot, unsigned int *r, unsigned int *g, unsigned int *b) {
	slot+=2;
	*r = the_palette[slot % 256].red * 256;
	*g = the_palette[slot % 256].green * 256;
	*b = the_palette[slot % 256].blue * 256;
}

void ibm_pen_down(void) {
    current_write_mode = FG_MODE_SET;
    turtle_color = hw_color(pen_color);
    in_erase_mode = FALSE;
}

void ibm_pen_xor(void) {
    current_write_mode = FG_MODE_XOR;
    turtle_color = hw_color(pen_color)^bg_color;
    in_erase_mode = FALSE;
}

void ibm_pen_erase(void) {
    if (!in_erase_mode) {
	current_write_mode = FG_MODE_SET;
	turtle_color = hw_color(pen_color);
	in_erase_mode = TRUE;
    }
}

int get_ibm_pen_mode(void) {
    if (in_erase_mode)
	return 2;
    else
	return current_write_mode;
}

void set_ibm_pen_mode(int m) {
    switch (m) {
	case 2: ibm_pen_erase(); break;
	case FG_MODE_SET: ibm_pen_down(); break;
	case FG_MODE_XOR: ibm_pen_xor(); break;
    }
}

int get_ibm_pen_width(void) {
    return ztc_penwidth;
}

void set_pen_pattern(char *pat) {
    ztc_linepattern = *(int *)pat;
}

void set_list_pen_pattern(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *temp;

    temp = cnv_node_to_numnode(car(arg));
    ztc_linepattern = getint(temp);
}

void get_pen_pattern(char *pat) {
    *(int *)pat = ztc_linepattern;
}

NODE *Get_node_pen_pattern(void) {
    return(cons(make_intnode(0-1L), NIL));
}

void label(char *s) {
    gr_mode();
    moveto(g_round(screen_x_coord), g_round(screen_y_coord));
    outtext(s);
}

void logofill(void) {
    msm_hidecursor();
    fg_fill(ztc_x, MaxY-ztc_y, turtle_color, turtle_color);
    msm_showcursor();
}

void erase_screen(void) {
    ibm_clear_screen();
}

void t_screen(void) {
    if (in_graphics_mode) {
	fg_term();
	in_graphics_mode = FALSE;
	in_splitscreen = FALSE;
	y_max = 25;
    }
}

void s_screen(void) {
    int save_vis;

    if (in_graphics_mode && !in_splitscreen) {
	if (turtle_shown && (screen_y_coord > (MaxY - (4*texth+1)))) {
	    save_vis = current_vis;
	    current_vis = -1;
	    lhome(NIL);
	    current_vis = save_vis;
	}
	erase_graphics_top();
    }
    if (!have_been_in_graphics_mode) gr_mode();
    in_splitscreen = TRUE;
    ztc_box[FG_Y1] = 4*texth+1;
    clear_box[FG_Y1] = 4*texth;
    ibm_screen_bottom = MaxY - (ztc_box[FG_Y1]);
    y_max = 4;
    gr_mode();
}

void f_screen(void) {
    if (in_graphics_mode && in_splitscreen)
	erase_graphics_top();
    in_splitscreen = FALSE;
    ztc_box[FG_Y1] = clear_box[FG_Y1] = 0;
    ibm_screen_bottom = MaxY;
    gr_mode();
}

FIXNUM mickey_x(void) {
    int x,y;

    (void)msm_getstatus(&x,&y);
    return x-screen_x_center;
}

#define screen_x_coord ((screen_x_center) + turtle_x)
#define screen_y_coord ((screen_y_center) - turtle_y)

FIXNUM mickey_y(void) {
    int x,y;

    (void)msm_getstatus(&x,&y);
    return screen_y_center-y;
}

BOOLEAN Button(void) {
    int x,y,b;

    b = msm_getstatus(&x,&y);
    if (b&1) return 1;
    if (b&2) return 2;
    if (b&4) return 3;
    return 0;
}

void tone(FIXNUM pitch, FIXNUM duration) {
    FIXNUM period = 2400000L/pitch;		/* 200000 */
    FIXNUM cycles = duration * pitch/60;
    if (cycles > 0)
        sound_tone((int)cycles, (int)period, (int)period);
}

FIXNUM t_height(void) {
    return 18;
}

FLONUM t_half_bottom(void) {
    return 6.0;
}

FLONUM t_side(void) {
    return 19.0;
}

void check_scroll(void) {
    msm_hidecursor();
    fg_blit(text_scroll_box, 0, texth, fg.activepage, fg.activepage);
    fg_fillbox(FG_BLACK, FG_MODE_SET, ~0, text_last_line_box);
    msm_showcursor();
}

void ztc_put_char(int ch) {
    fg_box_t temp_box;
    
    msm_hidecursor();
    if (in_graphics_mode && !in_splitscreen)
	lsplitscreen(NIL);
    if (ch != '\1' && ch != '\2') {
	if (in_graphics_mode) {
	    if (ch == '\n') {
		ztc_graph_textx = 0;
		if (ztc_graph_texty - texth >= 0)
		    ztc_graph_texty -= texth;
		else check_scroll();
	    } else if (ch == '\b') {
		if (ztc_graph_textx > 0)
		    fg_adjustxy(FG_ROT180, 1, &ztc_graph_textx,
				&ztc_graph_texty, fg.charbox);
	    } else if (ch == '\t') {
		fg_adjustxy(FG_ROT0, 8 - (x_coord&07),
			    &ztc_graph_textx,
			    &ztc_graph_texty, fg.charbox);
		if (ztc_graph_textx >= MaxX) print_char(stdout,'\n');
	    } else {
		if (ztc_text_bgcolor != 0) {
		    temp_box[FG_X1] = temp_box[FG_X2] = ztc_graph_textx;
		    temp_box[FG_Y1] = temp_box[FG_Y2] = ztc_graph_texty;
		    fg_adjustxy(FG_ROT0, 2, &temp_box[FG_X2],
		    	&temp_box[FG_Y2], fg.charbox);
		    temp_box[FG_Y2] += texth-1;
		    fg_fillbox(ztc_text_bgcolor, FG_MODE_SET, ~0, temp_box);
		}
		fg_putc(ztc_textcolor, FG_MODE_SET, ~0, FG_ROT0,
			ztc_graph_textx, ztc_graph_texty,
			ch, fg.displaybox);
		fg_adjustxy(FG_ROT0, 1, &ztc_graph_textx,
			    &ztc_graph_texty, fg.charbox);
		if (ztc_graph_textx >= MaxX) print_char(stdout,'\n');
	    }
	} else
    	    disp_putc(ch);
    }
    msm_showcursor();
}

BOOLEAN cursor_off = 0;

void fix_cursor(void) {
    if (!cursor_off && !in_graphics_mode) {
	msm_hidecursor();
    	disp_hidecursor();
	msm_showcursor();
	cursor_off++;
    }
}

void zflush(void) {
    msm_hidecursor();
    if (in_graphics_mode)
	fg_flush();
    else {
	disp_flush();
	if (cursor_off) disp_showcursor();
	cursor_off = 0;
    }
    msm_showcursor();
}

void newline_bugfix(void) {
    msm_hidecursor();
    if (!in_graphics_mode) {
	if (disp_cursorrow+1 < disp_numrows)
    	    new_line(stdout);
	else
	    disp_move(disp_numrows-1,0);
	disp_flush();
    }
    msm_showcursor();
    y_coord--;
}

char graph_line_buffer[200];
char *graph_line_pointer = NULL;

int ztc_getc(FILE *strm) {
    int ch;
    fg_color_t save_textcolor;

    if (strm != stdin || !interactive || !in_graphics_mode)
	return getc(strm);
    if (graph_line_pointer != NULL) {
	ch = *graph_line_pointer++;
	if (ch == '\t') graph_line_pointer += 2;
	if (ch != '\0') return ch;
    }
    graph_line_pointer = graph_line_buffer;
    do {
	msm_hidecursor();
	fg_putc(dull, FG_MODE_XOR, ~0, FG_ROT0,
		ztc_graph_textx, ztc_graph_texty,
		'_', fg.displaybox);
	msm_showcursor();
	ch = getch();
	msm_hidecursor();
	fg_putc(dull, FG_MODE_XOR, ~0, FG_ROT0,
		ztc_graph_textx, ztc_graph_texty,
		'_', fg.displaybox);
	if (ch == '\r' || ch == '\n') {
	    ch = '\n';
	    *graph_line_pointer++ = ch;
	    print_char(stdout,'\n');
	    *graph_line_pointer = '\0';
	    graph_line_pointer = graph_line_buffer;
	    msm_showcursor();
	    return *graph_line_pointer++;
	} else if (ch == '\t') {
	    int i = 8 - (x_coord & 07);
	    *graph_line_pointer++ = '\t';
	    *graph_line_pointer++ = (char)i;
	    *graph_line_pointer++ = '\t';
	    print_char(stdout, '\t');
	} else if (ch == 0177 || ch == '\b') {
	    if (graph_line_pointer != graph_line_buffer) {
		graph_line_pointer--;
		if (*graph_line_pointer == '\t') {
		    int i = (int)*--graph_line_pointer;
		    --graph_line_pointer;
		    while (i-- > 0) print_char(stdout, '\b');
		} else {
		    print_char(stdout, '\b');
		    save_textcolor = ztc_textcolor;
		    ztc_textcolor = ztc_text_bgcolor;
		    print_char(stdout, *graph_line_pointer);
		    ztc_textcolor = save_textcolor;
		    print_char(stdout, '\b');
		}
	    }
	} else if (ch == 17 || ch == 23) {
	    print_char(stdout,'\n');
	    graph_line_pointer = NULL;
	    msm_showcursor();
	    return ch;
	} else {
	    *graph_line_pointer++ = ch;
	    print_char(stdout, ch);
	}
	msm_showcursor();
    } while (ch != '\n');
    graph_line_pointer = graph_line_buffer;
    return *graph_line_pointer++;
}

void ztc_getcr(void) {
    (void) ztc_getc(stdin);
    graph_line_pointer = NULL;
}
ucblogo-6.1/wxGlobals.h0000664000175000017500000000567313575571772013263 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      wxGlobals.h       wx logo global references module           
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#define SCREEN_WIDTH		1
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT		2
#define	BACK_GROUND			3
#define	IN_SPLITSCREEN		4
#define	IN_GRAPHICS_MODE	5
#define	X_COORD				6
#define	Y_COORD				7
#define X_MAX				8
#define Y_MAX				9
#define EDIT_STATE   	    10

// used for the text editor flag
#define NO_INFO 0
#define DO_LOAD	1
#define NO_LOAD 2

//terminal size in characters
#define TERM_ROWS 25
#define TERM_COLS 82

// fonts
extern "C" char wx_font_face[];
extern "C" int wx_font_size;	
extern "C" int label_height;
#define FONT_CFG(fm,sz) sz, wxFONTFAMILY_MODERN, wxFONTSTYLE_NORMAL, wxFONTWEIGHT_NORMAL, false, wxString(fm,wxConvUTF8)

/* wxMain */
#define NAME_BUFFER_SIZE 300
#define MAXOUTBUFF 4096
#define MAXINBUFF 4096


#define BUFF_LEN 4096  //should be a power of two.

#define buff_empty (buff_push_index == buff_pop_index)

#define buff_push(c) buff[buff_push_index++] = c; \
                     buff_push_index = buff_push_index % BUFF_LEN; \
                     if(buff_push_index == buff_pop_index) { \
                       fprintf(stderr, "buff push warning: pushindex = popindex\n. discarding last push"); \
                       buff_push_index = (buff_push_index - 1) % BUFF_LEN; \
		     }

#define buff_pop(c)  c = buff[buff_pop_index++]; \
                     buff_pop_index = buff_pop_index % BUFF_LEN
extern char buff[];
extern int buff_push_index;
extern int buff_pop_index;
extern int alreadyAlerted;

extern char output_buffer[];
extern int output_index;

/* wxTerminal */
class TurtleCanvas;
class TextEditor;
extern wxCommandEvent * haveInputEvent;
extern LogoFrame *logoFrame;
extern LogoEventManager *logoEventManager;
extern wxMenuBar* menuBar;
extern wxBoxSizer *topsizer;
extern TextEditor *editWindow;
extern TurtleCanvas * turtleGraphics; 

/* wxTurtleGraphics */
// the size of the turtle graphics window
extern "C" int getInfo(int);
extern "C" void setInfo(int, int);
extern wxMemoryDC *m_memDC;

/* wxTextEdit */
extern char * file; // using this is safe because the other thread is sleeping
					// and it stack is also asleep
extern "C" int check_wx_stop(int force_yield);
extern "C" int internal_check();

#define wxdprintf if (wx_Debugging) printf


extern int wx_Debugging;	/* in wxMain */
ucblogo-6.1/win32trm.c0000664000175000017500000011542013575571772012771 0ustar  jjcjjc/* -*-C-*-
 * win32trm.c -- Module to provide Win32 API compliant graphics routines
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1996 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include "win32trm.h"
#include "ucbwlogo/resource.h"

// #define WIN32_S

LRESULT CALLBACK ParentWindowFunc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

char szWinName[] = "UCBLogo";
char szGraphWinName[] = "UCBLogoGraph";
char szConWinName[] = "UCBLogoConsole";

char *LogoPlatformName="Windows";

pen_info turtlePen;

HBRUSH hbrush, textbrush;

HBITMAP hbitG, hbitmG, hbitC, hbitmC;
RECT allRect;

HDC GraphDC, memGraphDC, ConDC, memConDC;
HWND hGraphWnd, hConWnd, hMainWnd;

/* color and palette related information */
static COLORREF palette[266];
FIXNUM back_ground, pen_color, old_pen_color;

int maxX, maxY, greeted = 0;
int pre_turtle_pen_mode;
long Xsofar, Ysofar;
int w_button = 0;
FIXNUM mouse_x = 0, mouse_y = 0;

BOOLEAN in_erase_mode, update_pos, seen_once = FALSE;

int in_graphics_mode, in_splitscreen;

static char **win32_lines; // for recording what should appear in the text win
static char input_lines[2][200];

char *read_line, buffered_char;
int cur_line = 0, cur_index = 0, read_index, hpos = 0, margin, cur_len;
int char_mode = 0, input_line = 0, input_index = 0;

int line_avail = FALSE, char_avail = FALSE;
char *winPasteText = NULL, *winPastePtr = NULL;
char *myScreen = NULL;
int maxXChar, maxYChar;

/* Default font behavior set here: OEM_FIXED_FONT, ANSI_FIXED_FONT, or default */
BOOLEAN oemfont = FALSE;
BOOLEAN ansifont = TRUE;

#ifdef WIN32_DEBUG
void WinDebug(char *s) {
    ndprintf("%t", s);
}
#endif

int win32_screen_right(void) {
    RECT r;

    GetClientRect(hMainWnd, &r);
    return (int) r.right;
}

int win32_screen_bottom(void) {
    RECT r;

    GetClientRect(hMainWnd, &r);
    return (int) r.bottom;
}

void moveto(int x, int y) {
    /* no invalidation of the rectangle, etc needs to be done. */
    turtlePen.h = x;
    turtlePen.v = y;
    MoveCursor(x, y);
}

void lineto(int x, int y) {
    turtlePen.h = x;
    turtlePen.v = y;
    LineTo(memGraphDC, x, y);
    LineTo(GraphDC, x, y);
	/* Good old Windows does us the favor of leaving out
	   the endpoint, so we have to beat it up */
	LineTo(memGraphDC, x, y+1);
	LineTo(GraphDC, x, y+1);
	MoveCursor(x, y);
}

void win32_go_away(void) {
    int i;

    if (read_line != NULL)
	free(read_line);
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_LINES; i++)
	if (win32_lines[i] != NULL)
	    free(win32_lines[i]);
    if (win32_lines != NULL)
	free(win32_lines);
    DeleteDC(memConDC);
    DeleteDC(memGraphDC);
    DeleteDC(GraphDC);
    DeleteDC(ConDC);
    DeleteObject(turtlePen.hpen);
    DeleteObject(hbrush);
    DeleteObject(textbrush);
    DeleteObject(hbitC);
    DeleteObject(hbitmC);
    DeleteObject(hbitG);
    DeleteObject(hbitmG);
    exit(0);
}

void win32_update_text(void) {
    RECT r;

    GetClientRect(hConWnd, &r);
    BitBlt(ConDC, 0, 0, r.right, r.bottom, memConDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
}

void win32_repaint_screen(void) {
    PostMessage(hMainWnd, WM_SETFOCUS, 0, 0);
}

void win32_advance_line(void) {
    TEXTMETRIC tm;
    RECT r, inv, foo;
    int xpos, ypos;

    GetClientRect(hConWnd, &r);
    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);

    xpos = (tm.tmAveCharWidth * x_coord);
    ypos = ((tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading) * y_coord);

    if ((ypos + 2 * (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading)) >= r.bottom) {
	memmove(myScreen, myScreen+maxXChar, maxXChar*(maxYChar-1));
        ScrollDC(ConDC, 0, - (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading),
		       &r, &r, NULL, &inv);
        FillRect(ConDC, &inv, textbrush);
        foo.left = 0;
        foo.right = Xsofar;
        foo.top = 0;
        foo.bottom = Ysofar;
        ScrollDC(memConDC, 0, - (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading),
		       &foo, &foo, NULL, &inv);
        FillRect(memConDC, &inv, textbrush);
    }
}

void draw_string(char *str) {
    TEXTMETRIC tm;
    int x, y;

    GetTextMetrics(memGraphDC, &tm);
    x = turtlePen.h;
    y = turtlePen.v;
    TextOut(memGraphDC, x, y - tm.tmHeight, str, strlen(str));
    TextOut(GraphDC, x, y - tm.tmHeight, str, strlen(str));
    /* restore position */
    moveto(x, y);
}

char *eight_dot_three_helper(char *in) {
    static char out[20];
    char *filename, *extension;

    filename = strtok(in, ".");
    extension = strtok(NULL, ".");

    if (extension)
        sprintf(out, "%.8s.%.3s", filename, extension);
    else
        sprintf(out, "%.8s", filename);
    return out;
}

char *eight_dot_three(char *in) {
    static char out[100];
    char *last, *last_sep, *fear;
    int index;

    if (last_sep = strrchr(in, '\\')) {
        index = last_sep - in;
        index++;
        strncpy(out, in, index);
        out[index] = '\0';
        last = (char *)malloc((strlen(in) - index + 3) * sizeof(char));
        strncpy(last, &in[index], strlen(in) - index);
        last[strlen(in) - index] = '\0';
    } else if (last_sep = strrchr(in, ':')) {
        index = last_sep - in;
        index++;
        strncpy(out, in, index);
        out[index] = '\0';
        last = (char *)malloc((strlen(in) - index + 3) * sizeof(char));
        strncpy(last, &in[index], strlen(in) - index);
        last[strlen(in) - index] = '\0';
    }
    for (fear = last; *fear != '\0'; fear++)
        if (*fear == '?') *fear = 'Q';
    fear = eight_dot_three_helper(last);
    strcat(out, fear);
    free(last);
    return out;
}

void MoveCursor(int newx, int newy) {
    MoveToEx(memGraphDC, newx, newy, NULL);
    MoveToEx(GraphDC, newx, newy, NULL);
}

void win32_erase_screen(void) {
    PatBlt(memGraphDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, PATCOPY);
    PatBlt(GraphDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, PATCOPY);
}

void win32_set_bg(FIXNUM c) {
    /*
     * set global variables that denote the background color, create a new
     * brush with the desired color, repaint the memory context, wait for
     * WM_PAINT, and redraw the old display (using the records...)
     */
    back_ground = c;
    hbrush = CreateSolidBrush(palette[back_ground+2]);
    SelectObject(memGraphDC, hbrush);
    DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, hbrush));
    PatBlt(memGraphDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, PATCOPY);
    PatBlt(GraphDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, PATCOPY);
    SetBkColor(memGraphDC, palette[back_ground+2]);
    SetBkColor(GraphDC, palette[back_ground+2]);
    redraw_graphics();
}

void win32_clear_text(void) {
    // RECT r;
    /*
     * Draw over the entire client area, so that in split screen mode, for
     * example, there are no ghosts, when the user returns to textscreen mode.
     */

    // GetClientRect(hConWnd, &r);
    memset(myScreen, ' ',maxXChar*maxYChar);
    FillRect(ConDC, &allRect, textbrush);
    FillRect(memConDC, &allRect, textbrush);
}

LRESULT CALLBACK GraphWindowFunc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,
				 LPARAM lParam) {
    HFONT hfont;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;

    switch (message) {
        case WM_CREATE:
            /*
             * Now, create a copy of the entire screen in memory to act as a virtual
             * window to record turtle motions so they can be repainted in a
             * WM_PAINT message.
             */
            GraphDC = GetDC(hwnd);
            memGraphDC = CreateCompatibleDC(GraphDC);
            maxX = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
            maxY = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
            hbitmG = CreateCompatibleBitmap(GraphDC, maxX, maxY);
            SelectObject(memGraphDC, hbitmG);
            hbitG = CreateCompatibleBitmap(GraphDC, maxX, maxY);
            SelectObject(GraphDC, hbitG);
	    if (oemfont) {
		hfont = GetStockObject(OEM_FIXED_FONT);
		SelectObject(memGraphDC, hfont);
		SelectObject(GraphDC, hfont);
	    }
	    if (ansifont) {
		hfont = GetStockObject(ANSI_FIXED_FONT);
		SelectObject(memGraphDC, hfont);
		SelectObject(GraphDC, hfont);
	    }
            /*
             * first-time initialization of the brush for the background requires
             * setting the back_ground, and selecting the right color.  while
             * there may be stock objects that contain the right color for the
             * initial pen/brush, subsequent changes might try to delete these
             * "stock" pens/brushes, and that would be "Bad".
             */
            back_ground = 0;
            hbrush = CreateSolidBrush(palette[back_ground+2]);
            SetBkColor(memGraphDC, palette[back_ground+2]);
            SetBkColor(GraphDC, palette[back_ground+2]);
            SelectObject(memGraphDC, hbrush);
            SelectObject(GraphDC, hbrush);

            /*
             * first-time initialization of the pen structure requires setting up
             * all of the fields in the data first, then creating a new pen object
             */
            turtlePen.h = 0; /* ?? */
            turtlePen.v = 0; /* ?? */
            turtlePen.vis = 0;
            turtlePen.mode = WIN_PEN_DOWN;
            turtlePen.width = 1; /* default */
            turtlePen.color = pen_color = old_pen_color = 7;
            /* turtlePen.pattern = ... ? */
            turtlePen.hpen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, turtlePen.width,
				       palette[2+turtlePen.color]);
            SetTextColor(memGraphDC, palette[2+turtlePen.color]);
            SetTextColor(GraphDC, palette[2+turtlePen.color]);
            SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
            SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
            PatBlt(memGraphDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, PATCOPY);
            PatBlt(GraphDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, PATCOPY);
            break;
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
	    w_button = 1;
	    goto abutton;
	case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
	    w_button = 2;
	    goto abutton;
	case WM_MBUTTONDOWN:
	    w_button = 3;
abutton:
	    SetCapture(hwnd);
	case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
	    mouse_x = (LOWORD(lParam))-(screen_width/2);
	    mouse_y = (screen_height/2)-(HIWORD(lParam));
	    break;
	case WM_LBUTTONUP:
	case WM_RBUTTONUP:
	case WM_MBUTTONUP:
	    w_button = 0;
	    ReleaseCapture();
	    break;
        case WM_USER:
            InvalidateRect(hGraphWnd, NULL, 1);
        case WM_PAINT:
            BeginPaint(hGraphWnd, &ps);
            BitBlt(ps.hdc, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, memGraphDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
            EndPaint(hGraphWnd, &ps);
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:  /* end program */
	    PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

void win32_text_cursor(void) {
    print_char(stdout, '_');
    update_coords('\b');
}

void DrawBoxOutline(POINT ptBeg, POINT ptEnd) {
    SetROP2(ConDC, R2_NOT);
    SelectObject(ConDC, GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));
    Rectangle(ConDC, ptBeg.x, ptBeg.y, ptEnd.x, ptEnd.y);
}

LRESULT CALLBACK ConsoleWindowFunc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,
				   LPARAM lParam) {
    HFONT hfont;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT rect;
    TEXTMETRIC tm;
    HGLOBAL hClipMemory, hCopyText;
    PSTR pClipMemory, copyText;
    static int fBlocking=FALSE, haveBlock=FALSE;
    static POINT ptBeg, ptEnd;
    static int chBegX, chBegY, chEndX, chEndY;
    char *copyPtr;
    int i,j;

    switch (message) {
        case WM_CREATE:
            ConDC = GetDC(hwnd);
            memConDC = CreateCompatibleDC(ConDC);
            allRect.left = allRect.top = 0;
            allRect.right = maxX = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
            allRect.bottom = maxY = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
            hbitmC = CreateCompatibleBitmap(ConDC, maxX, maxY);
            SelectObject(memConDC, hbitmC);
            hbitC = CreateCompatibleBitmap(ConDC, maxX, maxY);
            SelectObject(ConDC, hbitC);
	    if (oemfont) {
		hfont = GetStockObject(OEM_FIXED_FONT);
		SelectObject(memConDC, hfont);
		SelectObject(ConDC, hfont);
	    }
	    if (ansifont) {
		hfont = GetStockObject(ANSI_FIXED_FONT);
		SelectObject(memConDC, hfont);
		SelectObject(ConDC, hfont);
	    }
            textbrush = CreateSolidBrush(GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOW));
            SelectObject(memConDC, textbrush);
            SelectObject(ConDC, textbrush);
            FillRect(memConDC, &allRect, textbrush);
            GetClientRect(hConWnd, &rect);
            GetTextMetrics(ConDC, &tm);
	    maxXChar = maxX / tm.tmAveCharWidth;
	    maxYChar = maxY / (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
	    myScreen = (char *)malloc(maxXChar * maxYChar);
	    memset(myScreen, ' ',maxXChar*maxYChar);
            ibm_plain_mode();
            break;
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
	    if (haveBlock) DrawBoxOutline(ptBeg, ptEnd);
	    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);
	    ptEnd.x = LOWORD(lParam);
	    ptEnd.y = HIWORD(lParam);
	    ptEnd.x = (ptEnd.x/tm.tmAveCharWidth) * tm.tmAveCharWidth;
	    ptEnd.y = (ptEnd.y/(tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading))
			* (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
	    ptBeg.x = ptEnd.x;
	    ptBeg.y = ptEnd.y;
	    DrawBoxOutline(ptBeg, ptEnd);
	    SetCapture(hwnd);
	    fBlocking = TRUE;
	    haveBlock = FALSE;
	    return 0;
	case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
	    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);
	    if (fBlocking) {
		DrawBoxOutline(ptBeg, ptEnd);
		ptEnd.x = LOWORD(lParam);
		ptEnd.y = HIWORD(lParam);
		ptEnd.x = (ptEnd.x/tm.tmAveCharWidth) * tm.tmAveCharWidth;
		ptEnd.y = (ptEnd.y/(tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading))
			    * (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
		DrawBoxOutline(ptBeg, ptEnd);
	    }
	    return 0;
	case WM_LBUTTONUP:
	    if (fBlocking) {
		ReleaseCapture();
		fBlocking = FALSE;
		haveBlock=TRUE;
		GetClientRect(hConWnd, &rect);
		if (ptEnd.x >= 0 && ptEnd.y >= 0 && ptEnd.x < rect.right &&
			ptEnd.y < rect.bottom) {
		    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);
		    chBegX = ptBeg.x/tm.tmAveCharWidth;
		    chBegY = ptBeg.y/(tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
		    chEndX = ptEnd.x/tm.tmAveCharWidth;
		    chEndY = ptEnd.y/(tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
		} else {
		    DrawBoxOutline(ptBeg, ptEnd);
		    haveBlock = FALSE;
		}
	    }
	    return 0;
        case WM_CHAR:
	    if (haveBlock) DrawBoxOutline(ptBeg, ptEnd);
            if (char_mode) {
	        buffered_char = (char)wParam;
	        char_avail++;
		haveBlock = FALSE;
	        return 0;
            }
	    print_space(stdout);	    // flush cursor
	    update_coords('\b');
            if ((char) wParam == '\b') {
	        if (cur_index > 0) {
		    update_coords('\b');
		    print_space(stdout);
		    update_coords('\b');
		    win32_text_cursor();
		    cur_index--;
		} else {
		    MessageBeep(0);
		    haveBlock = FALSE;
		    win32_lines[cur_line][cur_index++] = (char) wParam;
		    print_char(stdout, (char) wParam);
		    win32_text_cursor();
		}
            } else if ((char) wParam == '\r') {    // line ready, let's go!
	        print_char(stdout, '\n');
		haveBlock = FALSE;
	        win32_lines[cur_line][cur_index++] = '\n'; // reader code expects \n
		win32_lines[cur_line][cur_index] = '\0';
	        cur_len = cur_index;
	        read_line = (char *)malloc((strlen(win32_lines[cur_line]) + 1) *
				                sizeof(char));
	        strncpy(read_line, win32_lines[cur_line], cur_index + 1);
	        line_avail = 1;
	        read_index = 0;
	        if (++cur_line >= NUM_LINES)
	            cur_line %= NUM_LINES;  // wrap around
	        cur_index = 0;
	        return 0;
            } else if ((char)wParam == 17 || (char)wParam == 23) {
		haveBlock = FALSE;
	        print_char(stdout, '\n');
	        read_line = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char));
	        *read_line = (char)wParam;
	        line_avail = 1;
	        read_index = 0;
	        cur_index = 0;
	        return 0;
	    } else if ((char)wParam == 3 && haveBlock) { /* ^C for copy */
		int temp;
		haveBlock = FALSE;
		if (chEndX < chBegX) {
		    temp = chEndX;
		    chEndX = chBegX;
		    chBegX = temp;
		}
		if (chEndY < chBegY) {
		    temp = chEndY;
		    chEndY = chBegY;
		    chBegY = temp;
		}
		hCopyText = GlobalAlloc(GHND,
					(chEndY-chBegY)*(2+chEndX-chBegX)+1);
		copyText = GlobalLock(hCopyText);
		copyPtr = copyText;
		for (i=chBegY; i= NUM_LINES)
		cur_line %= NUM_LINES;  // wrap around
	    cur_index = 0;
	    return;
	}
	if (ch != 3 && ch != 22 && ch != '\n') {
	    win32_lines[cur_line][cur_index++] = ch;
	    print_char(stdout, ch);
	}
	ch = *winPastePtr++;
    }
    free(winPasteText);
    winPasteText = NULL;
}

NODE *win32_get_node_pen_pattern(void) {
    return cons(make_intnode(-1), NIL);
}

NODE *maximize(NODE *args) {
	int big=torf_arg(args);
	ShowWindow(hMainWnd, (big ? SW_MAXIMIZE : SW_RESTORE));
    UpdateWindow(hMainWnd);
	return UNBOUND;
}

void logofill(void) {
    COLORREF col;

    hbrush = CreateSolidBrush(palette[2+pen_color]);
    SelectObject(memGraphDC, hbrush);
    DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, hbrush));
    col = GetPixel(memGraphDC, g_round(screen_x_coord), g_round(screen_y_coord));
    (void)ExtFloodFill(memGraphDC, g_round(screen_x_coord),
		         g_round(screen_y_coord), col, FLOODFILLSURFACE);
    (void)ExtFloodFill(GraphDC, g_round(screen_x_coord),
		         g_round(screen_y_coord), col, FLOODFILLSURFACE);
    hbrush = CreateSolidBrush(palette[2+back_ground]);
    SelectObject(memGraphDC, hbrush);
    DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, hbrush));
}

void get_pen_pattern(void) {
}

void set_pen_pattern(void) {
}

void get_palette(int slot, unsigned int *r, unsigned int *g, unsigned int *b) {
    if (slot > 263 || (slot >= 0 && slot < 8) || slot < -2)  // 256 rgb values
        return;
    slot+=2;
    *b = ((palette[slot % 264] & 0x00ff0000) >> 16) * 256;
    *g = ((palette[slot % 264] & 0x0000ff00) >> 8) * 256;
    *r = (palette[slot % 264] & 0x000000ff) * 256;
}

void set_palette(int slot, unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b) {
    if (slot > 263 || (slot >= 0 && slot < 8) || slot < -2)  // 256 rgb values
        return;
    slot+=2;
    palette[slot] = RGB(r/256, g/256, b/256);
}

void save_pen(pen_info *p) {
    POINT pt;

    p->vis = pen_vis;
    p->color = pen_color;
    GetCurrentPositionEx(memGraphDC, &pt);
    p->h = (int) pt.x;
    p->v = (int) pt.y;
    p->width = turtlePen.width;
    p->mode = turtlePen.mode;
}

void restore_pen(pen_info *p) {
    pen_vis = p->vis;
    MoveCursor(p->h, p->v);
    turtlePen.mode = p->mode;
    win32_set_pen_mode(turtlePen.mode);
    turtlePen.width = p->width;
    pen_color = p->color;
    turtlePen.hpen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, turtlePen.width,
					 (in_erase_mode ? palette[2+back_ground]
							: palette[2+pen_color]));
    SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
    DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen));
}

void set_list_pen_pattern(void) {
}

void label(char *str) {
    draw_string(str);
}

void plain_xor_pen(void) {
    win32_set_pen_mode(WIN_PEN_REVERSE);
}

BOOLEAN check_ibm_stop(void) {
    MSG msg;
    SHORT s;
    static int count;

    if ((s = GetAsyncKeyState(VK_CONTROL)) < 0) {
        if ((s = GetAsyncKeyState(65 + ('q' - 'a')) < 0)) {
            err_logo(STOP_ERROR,NIL);
            return (1);
        }
        if ((s = GetAsyncKeyState(65 + ('w' - 'a')) < 0)) {
            // control w
            to_pending = 0;
            lpause(NIL);
        }
    }
    count++;
    count %= 300;  // empirical value

    if (!count) {
        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
		;
            else {
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
            }
        }
    }
    return FALSE;
}

void win32_con_full_screen(void) {
    RECT r;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;

    if (in_graphics_mode && !in_splitscreen)
        return;
    in_graphics_mode = 1;
    in_splitscreen = 0;

    GetClientRect(hMainWnd, &r);
    /* position coordinates are relative to the parent's frame. */
    MoveWindow(hGraphWnd, 0, 0, r.right, r.bottom, TRUE);
    ShowWindow(hConWnd, SW_HIDE);
    ShowWindow(hGraphWnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
    BeginPaint(hGraphWnd, &ps);
    BitBlt(ps.hdc, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, memGraphDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
    EndPaint(hGraphWnd, &ps);
    redraw_graphics();
}

void win32_prepare_draw(void) {
    if (in_graphics_mode) return;
    win32_con_split_screen();
}

long upscroll_text(int limit) {
    TEXTMETRIC tm;
    RECT r, inv;
    int y_new, offset, old, rbot;

    GetClientRect(hMainWnd, &r);
    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);
    y_new = r.bottom;
    y_new /= (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
    rbot = y_new * (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
    y_new--;
    if (limit > 0 && limit < y_new) {
        y_new = limit;
        rbot = r.bottom = (limit+1) * (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
    }
    offset = y_coord - y_new;
    if (offset > 0) {
        old = (y_coord + 1) * (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
        BitBlt(ConDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, memConDC, 0, old-rbot, SRCCOPY);
        inv.left = 0;
        inv.right = allRect.right;
        inv.top = rbot - 1;
        inv.bottom = allRect.bottom;
        BitBlt(memConDC, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, ConDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
        FillRect(memConDC, &inv, textbrush);
        y_coord = y_new;
    }
    return r.bottom;
}

void reshow_text(void) {
    TEXTMETRIC tm;
    RECT r, foo;

    ShowWindow(hConWnd, SW_SHOW);
    GetClientRect(hConWnd, &r);
    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);
    FillRect(ConDC, &r, textbrush);
    if (r.right > Xsofar) {
        foo.left = Xsofar;
        foo.right = r.right;
        foo.top = 0;
        foo.bottom = allRect.bottom;
        FillRect(memConDC, &foo, textbrush);
        Xsofar = r.right;
    }
    if (r.bottom > Ysofar) {
        foo.left = 0;
        foo.right = r.right;
        foo.top = Ysofar;
        foo.bottom = r.bottom;
        FillRect(memConDC, &foo, textbrush);
        Ysofar = r.bottom;
    }
    BitBlt(ConDC, 0, 0, r.right, r.bottom, memConDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
    ValidateRect(hConWnd, &r);

    x_max = r.right;
    x_max /= tm.tmAveCharWidth;
    x_max--;

    y_max = r.bottom;
    y_max /= (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);
    y_max--;
}

void win32_con_split_screen(void) {
    RECT r;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    long vert;

    if (in_graphics_mode && in_splitscreen)
        return;
    in_graphics_mode = in_splitscreen = 1;

    ShowWindow(hConWnd, SW_SHOW);
    vert = upscroll_text(3);
    GetClientRect(hMainWnd, &r);
    MoveWindow(hConWnd, 0, r.bottom - vert - 6, r.right, vert + 6, FALSE);
    MoveWindow(hGraphWnd, 0, 0, r.right, r.bottom - vert - 8, TRUE);
    ShowWindow(hGraphWnd, SW_HIDE);
    BeginPaint(hGraphWnd, &ps);
    BitBlt(ps.hdc, 0, 0, maxX, maxY, memGraphDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
    EndPaint(hGraphWnd, &ps);
    reshow_text();
    redraw_graphics();
    ShowWindow(hGraphWnd, SW_SHOW);
    if (!seen_once) {
        seen_once = TRUE;
        lclearscreen(NIL);
    }
}

void win32_con_text_screen(void) {
    RECT r;

    if (!in_graphics_mode)
        return;
    in_graphics_mode = in_splitscreen = 0;

    (void)upscroll_text(0);
    GetClientRect(hMainWnd, &r);
    MoveWindow(hConWnd, 0, 0, r.right, r.bottom, FALSE);
    ShowWindow(hGraphWnd, SW_HIDE);
    reshow_text();
}
    
void win32_turtle_prep(void) {
    if (in_erase_mode) {
        /* current pen color != "real" pen color */
        turtlePen.hpen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, turtlePen.width, palette[2+pen_color]);
	SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
	DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen));
    } else {
	SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
	SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
    }
    update_pos = FALSE;
    pre_turtle_pen_mode = SetROP2(memGraphDC, R2_XORPEN);
    (void)SetROP2(GraphDC, R2_XORPEN);
}

void win32_turtle_end(void) {
    if (in_erase_mode) {
        /*
         * current pen color should now be set to background color to resume
         * "erase mode"
         */
        turtlePen.hpen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, turtlePen.width, palette[2+back_ground]);
	SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
	DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen));
    } else {
	SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
	SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
    }
    update_pos = TRUE;
    SetROP2(memGraphDC, pre_turtle_pen_mode);
    SetROP2(GraphDC, pre_turtle_pen_mode);
}

void win32_init_palette(void) {
    palette[2] = RGB(0, 0, 0); /* black */
    palette[3] = RGB(0, 0, 255); /* blue */
    palette[4] = RGB(0, 255, 0); /* green */
    palette[5] = RGB(0, 255, 255); /* cyan */
    palette[6] = RGB(255, 0, 0); /* red */
    palette[7] = RGB(255, 0, 255); /* magenta */
    palette[8] = RGB(255, 255, 0); /* yellow */
    palette[9] = RGB(255, 255, 255); /* white */
    palette[10] = RGB(155, 96, 59);    /* brown */
    palette[11] = RGB(197, 136, 18); /* tan */
    palette[12] = RGB(100, 162, 64); /* forest */
    palette[13] = RGB(120, 187, 187); /* aqua */
    palette[14] = RGB(255, 149, 119); /* salmon */
    palette[15] = RGB(144, 113, 208); /* purple */
    palette[16] = RGB(255, 163, 0); /* orange */
    palette[17] = RGB(183, 183, 183); /* gray */
    /* rest are user defined */
}

void win32_set_pen_color(int c) {
    draw_turtle();
    turtlePen.color = pen_color = c;
    if (!in_erase_mode) {
	turtlePen.hpen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, turtlePen.width,
				   palette[2+turtlePen.color]);
	SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
	DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen));
    }
    SetTextColor(memGraphDC, palette[2+pen_color]);
    SetTextColor(GraphDC, palette[2+pen_color]);
    draw_turtle();
}

int win32_set_pen_width(int w) {
    int old;

    old = turtlePen.width;
    turtlePen.width = w;
    turtlePen.hpen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, turtlePen.width,
			         (in_erase_mode ? palette[2+back_ground]
						: palette[2+turtlePen.color]));
    SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
    DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen));
    return old;
}

NODE *win32_lsetcursor(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;
    TEXTMETRIC tm;
    int xpos, ypos;

    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);

    arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
        x_coord = x_margin + getint(car(arg));
        y_coord = y_margin + getint(cadr(arg));
        while ((x_coord >= x_max || y_coord >= y_max) && NOT_THROWING) {
            setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
            if (NOT_THROWING) {
		arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
		x_coord = x_margin + getint(car(arg));
		y_coord = y_margin + getint(cadr(arg));
	    }
	}
    }

    xpos = tm.tmAveCharWidth * x_coord;
    ypos = (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading) * y_coord;

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
        MoveToEx(memConDC, xpos, ypos, NULL);
        MoveToEx(ConDC, xpos, ypos, NULL);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void win32_pen_erase(void) {
    win32_set_pen_mode(WIN_PEN_ERASE);
}

void win32_pen_down(void) {
    win32_set_pen_mode(WIN_PEN_DOWN);
}

void win32_pen_reverse(void) {
    win32_set_pen_mode(WIN_PEN_REVERSE);
}

void win32_set_pen_mode(int newmode) {
    int rop2_mode, newpc;

    turtlePen.mode = newmode;

    if (newmode == WIN_PEN_ERASE)
        in_erase_mode = TRUE;
    else
        in_erase_mode = FALSE;

    if (newmode == WIN_PEN_REVERSE)
        rop2_mode = R2_XORPEN;
    else
        rop2_mode = R2_COPYPEN;

    SetROP2(memGraphDC, rop2_mode);
    SetROP2(GraphDC, rop2_mode);

    if (newmode == WIN_PEN_ERASE)
	newpc = back_ground;
    else
	newpc = pen_color;
    turtlePen.hpen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, turtlePen.width, palette[2+newpc]);
    SelectObject(memGraphDC, turtlePen.hpen);
    DeleteObject(SelectObject(GraphDC, turtlePen.hpen));
}

LRESULT CALLBACK ParentWindowFunc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,
				 LPARAM lParam) {
    RECT r;

    switch (message) {
        case WM_CHAR:
		SendMessage(hConWnd, WM_CHAR, wParam, lParam);
            break;
        case WM_SIZE:
	case WM_EXITSIZEMOVE:
	    if (wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED) {
		if (!in_graphics_mode) {   // Text screen mode
		    in_graphics_mode = 1;
		    win32_con_text_screen();
		} else if (in_splitscreen) {
		    in_splitscreen = 0;
		    win32_con_split_screen();
		} else {
		    in_graphics_mode = 0;
		    win32_con_full_screen();
		}
	    }
        case WM_MOVE:
        case WM_SETFOCUS:
        case WM_EXITMENULOOP:
            if (!in_graphics_mode || in_splitscreen)
                SendMessage(hConWnd, WM_USER, wParam, lParam);
            if (in_graphics_mode)
                SendMessage(hGraphWnd, WM_USER, wParam, lParam);
	    win32_update_text();
            break;
        case WM_PAINT:
            /*
             * The parent window really has nothing to draw.  Therefore, all that
             * the parent window's paint function does is dispatch the appropriate
             * message to the child window.
             */
            if (!in_graphics_mode || in_splitscreen)
		SendMessage(hConWnd, WM_PAINT, wParam, lParam);
            if (in_graphics_mode)
		SendMessage(hGraphWnd, WM_PAINT, wParam, lParam);
	    GetClientRect(hwnd, &r);
	    ValidateRect(hwnd, &r);
            break;
        case WM_CREATE:
            hConWnd = CreateWindow(szConWinName, NULL,
				   WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
				   0, 0, 0, 0,
				   hwnd, (HMENU) (2 << 8),
				   (HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE),
				   NULL);
            hGraphWnd = CreateWindow(szGraphWinName, NULL,
				     WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
				     0, 0, 0, 0,
				     hwnd, (HMENU) (4 << 8),
				     (HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE),
				     NULL);

            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:  /* end program */
	    win32_go_away();
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

void CharOut(int c) {
    TEXTMETRIC tm;
    RECT r;
    int xpos, ypos;
    char nog[3];

    sprintf(nog, "%c", c);

    if (x_coord < maxXChar && y_coord < maxYChar)
	myScreen[(y_coord * maxXChar) + x_coord] = c;

    GetTextMetrics(memConDC, &tm);
    xpos = tm.tmAveCharWidth * x_coord;
    ypos = (tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading) * y_coord;

    r.left = xpos;
    r.right = (xpos + tm.tmAveCharWidth);

    r.top = ypos;
    r.bottom = (ypos + tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading);

    TextOut(memConDC, xpos, ypos, nog, 1);
    TextOut(ConDC, xpos, ypos, nog, 1);
}

int win32_putc(int c, FILE *strm) {
    if (strm == stdout || strm == stderr) {
        if (c == '\n')
            win32_advance_line();
	else if (c == '\t') /* do nothing */ ;
	else if (c == '\007') tone(400,30);
        else {
            if (x_coord == x_max)
	    new_line(strm);
            CharOut(c);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    return putc(c, strm);
}

void win32_charmode_on(void) {
    char_mode = 1;
}

void win32_charmode_off(void) {
    char_mode = 0;
}

void ibm_bold_mode(void) {
    SetTextColor(memConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOW));
    SetTextColor(ConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOW));
    SetBkColor(memConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOWTEXT));
    SetBkColor(ConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOWTEXT));
}

void ibm_plain_mode(void) {
    SetTextColor(memConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOWTEXT));
    SetTextColor(ConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOWTEXT));
    SetBkColor(memConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOW));
    SetBkColor(ConDC, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOW));
}

NODE *set_text_color(NODE *args) {
    int fore, back;

    fore = getint(pos_int_arg(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
        back = getint(pos_int_arg(cdr(args)));
        if (NOT_THROWING) {
           SetTextColor(memConDC, palette[2+fore]);
           SetTextColor(ConDC, palette[2+fore]);
           SetBkColor(memConDC, palette[2+back]);
           SetBkColor(ConDC, palette[2+back]);
        }
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

/* Thanks to George Mills for the tone code! */
/*   was:    MessageBeep(0xffffffff);	*/

void tone(FIXNUM pitch, FIXNUM duration) {
    OSVERSIONINFO VersionInformation;
    unsigned char count_lo;
    unsigned char count_hi;
    FIXNUM count;
    clock_t NumTicksToWait;

    memset(&VersionInformation, 0, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO));
    VersionInformation.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);
    if (pitch < 37) pitch = 37;
    GetVersionEx(&VersionInformation);
    if (VersionInformation.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
	Beep(pitch, duration);
    else {
	count = 1193180L / pitch;
	count_lo = LOBYTE(count);
	count_hi = HIBYTE(count);

	_asm {
	    mov al, 0xB6
	    out 0x43, al
	    mov al, count_lo
	    out 0x42, al
	    mov al, count_hi
	    out 0x42, al
	    xor al, al
	    in al, 0x61
	    or al, 0x03
	    out 0x61, al
	}

	NumTicksToWait = duration + clock();
	while (NumTicksToWait > clock());

	_asm {
	    xor al, al
	    in al, 0x61
	    xor al, 0x03
	    out 0x61, al
	}
    }
}
ucblogo-6.1/usermanual0000664000175000017500000045732513575571772013254 0ustar  jjcjjcBerkeley Logo User Manual

 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .

This is a program that is still being written.  Many things are missing,
including adequate documentation.  This manual assumes that you already know
how to program in Logo, and merely presents the details of this new
implementation.  Read _Computer_Science_Logo_Style,_Volume_1:_
_Symbolic_Computing_ by Brian Harvey (MIT Press, 1997) for a tutorial
on Logo programming with emphasis on symbolic computation.

Here are the special features of this dialect of Logo:

	Source file compatible among Unix, DOS, Windows, and Mac platforms.

	Random-access arrays.

	Variable number of inputs to user-defined procedures.

	Mutators for list structure (dangerous).

	Pause on error, and other improvements to error handling.

	Comments and continuation lines; formatting is preserved when
	procedure definitions are saved or edited.

	Terrapin-style tokenization (e.g., [2+3] is a list with one member)
	but LCSI-style syntax (no special forms except TO).  The best of
	both worlds.

	First-class instruction and expression templates (see APPLY).

	Macros.

Features *not* found in Berkeley Logo include robotics, music, GUIs, animation,
parallelism, and multimedia.  For those, buy a commercial version.


GETTER/SETTER VARIBLE SYNTAX
============================

Logo distinguishes PROCEDURES from VARIABLES.  A procedure is a set of
instructions to carry out some computation; a variable is a named
container that holds a data value such as a number, word, list, or array.

In traditional Logo syntax, a non-numeric word typed without punctuation
represents a request to invoke the procedure named by that word.  A word
typed with a preceding quotation mark represents the word itself.  For
example, in the instruction
	PRINT FIRST "WORD
the procedures named FIRST and PRINT are invoked, but the procedure
named WORD is not invoked; the word W-O-R-D is the input to FIRST.

What about variables?  There are two things one can do with a variable:
give it a value, and find out its value.  To give a variable a value,
Logo provides the primitive procedure MAKE, which requires two inputs:
the name of the variable and the new value to be assigned.  The first
input, the name of the variable, is just a word, and if (as is almost
always the case) the programmer wants to assign a value to a specific
variable whose name is known in advance, that input is quoted, just
as any known specific word would be:
	MAKE "MY.VAR FIRST "WORD
gives the variable named MY.VAR the value W (the first letter of WORD).

To find the value of a variable, Logo provides the primitive procedure
THING, which takes a variable name as its input, and outputs the value
of the accessible variable with that name.  Thus
	PRINT THING "MY.VAR
will print W (supposing the MAKE above has been done).  Since finding
the value of a specific, known variable name is such a common operation,
Logo also provides an abbreviated notation that combines THING with quote:
	PRINT :MY.VAR
The colon (which Logo old-timers pronounce "dots") replaces THING and "
in the earlier version of the instruction.

Newcomers to Logo often complain about the need for all this punctuation.
In particular, Logo programmers who learned about dots and quotes without
also learning about THING wonder why an instruction such as
	MAKE "NEW.VAR :OLD.VAR
uses two different punctuation marks to identify the two variables.
(Having read the paragraphs above, you will understand that actually
both variable names are quoted, but the procedure THING is invoked to
find the value of OLD.VAR, since it's that value, not OLD.VAR's name,
that MAKE needs to know.  It wouldn't make sense to ask for THING of
NEW.VAR, since we haven't given NEW.VAR a value yet.)

Although Logo's punctuation rules make sense once understood, they
do form a barrier to entry for the Logo beginner.  Why, then, couldn't
Logo be designed so that an unpunctuated word would represent a
procedure if there is a procedure by that name, or a variable if
there is a variable by that name?  Then we could say
	PRINT MY.VAR
and Logo would realize that MY.VAR is the name of a variable, not
of a procedure.  The traditional reason not to use this convention
is that Logo allows the same word to name a procedure and a variable
at the same time.  This is most often important for words that name
data types, as in the following procedure:
	TO PLURAL :WORD
	OUTPUT WORD :WORD "S
	END
Here the name WORD is a natural choice for the input to PLURAL, since
it describes the kind of input that PLURAL expects.  Within the procedure,
we use WORD to represent Logo's primitive procedure that combines two
input words to form a new, longer word; we use :WORD to represent the
variable containing the input, whatever actual word is given when
PLURAL is invoked.
	? PRINT PLURAL "COMPUTER
	COMPUTERS

However, if a Logo instruction includes an unquoted word that is *not*
the name of a procedure, Logo could look for a variable of that name
instead.  This would allow a "punctuationless" Logo, ** PROVIDED THAT
USERS WHO WANT TO WORK WITHOUT COLONS FOR VARIABLES CHOOSE VARIABLE
NAMES THAT ARE NOT ALSO PROCEDURE NAMES. **

What about assigning a value to a variable?  Could we do without
the quotation mark on MAKE's first input?  Alas, no.  Although the
first input to MAKE is *usually* a constant, known variable name,
sometimes it isn't, as in this example:
	TO INCREMENT :VAR
	MAKE :VAR (THING :VAR)+1	; Note: it's not "VAR here!
	END

	? MAKE "X 5
	? INCREMENT "X
	? PRINT :X
	6
The procedure INCREMENT takes a variable name as its input and
changes the value of that variable.  In this example there are
two variables; the variable whose name is VAR, and whose value
is the word X; and the variable whose name is X and whose value
changes from 5 to 6.  Suppose we changed the behavior of MAKE so
that it took the word after MAKE as the name of the variable to
change; we would be unable to write INCREMENT:
	TO INCREMENT :VAR	; nonworking!
	MAKE VAR (THING VAR)+1
	END
This would assign a new value to VAR, not to X.

What we can do is to allow an *alternative* to MAKE, a "setter"
procedure for a particular variable.  The notation will be
	? SETFOO 7
	? PRINT FOO
	7
SETFOO is a "setter procedure" that takes one input (in this case
the input 7) and assigns its value to the variable named FOO.

Berkeley Logo allows users to choose either the traditional notation,
in which case the same name can be used both for a procedure and for
a variable, or the getter/setter notation, in which variable FOO is
set with SETFOO and examined with FOO, but the same name can't be
used for procedure and variable.

Here is how this choice is allowed:  Berkeley Logo uses traditional notation,
with procedures distinct from variables.  However, if there is a variable
named AllowGetSet whose value is TRUE (which there is, by default, when
Logo starts up), then if a Logo instruction refers to a *nonexistent*
procedure (so that the error message "I don't know how to ..." would result),
Logo tries the following two steps:

	1.  If the name is at least four characters long, and the first three
	characters are the letters SET (upper or lower case), and if the name
	is followed in the instruction by another value, and if the name
	without the SET is the name of a variable that already exists, then
	Logo will invoke MAKE with its first input being the name without the
	SET, and its second input being the following value.

	2.  If step 1's conditions are not met, but the name is the name of an
	accessible variable, then Logo will invoke THING with that name as
	input, to find the variable's value.

Step 1 requires that the variable already exist so that misspellings of names
of SETxxx primitives (e.g., SETHEADING) will still be caught, instead of
silently creating a new variable.  The command GLOBAL can be used to create
a variable without giving it a value.

One final point:  The TO command in Logo has always been a special
case; the rest of the line starting with TO is not evaluated as
ordinary Logo expressions are.  In particular, the colons used to
mark the names of inputs to the procedure do not cause THING to be
invoked.  They are merely mnemonic aids, reminding the Logo user
that these words are names of variables.  (Arguably, this nonstantard
behavior of TO adds to Logo beginners' confusion about colons.)
To a programmer using colonless variable references, the colons in
the TO line are unnecessary and meaningless.  Berkeley Logo therefore
makes the colons optional:
	TO FOO :IN1 :IN2
and
	TO FOO IN1 IN2
are both allowed.


ENTERING AND LEAVING LOGO
=========================

The process to start Logo depends on your operating system:

Unix:	 Type the word {\tt logo} to the shell.  (The directory in which
	 you've installed Logo must be in your path.)

DOS:	 Change directories to the one containing Logo (probably
	 C:\UCBLOGO).  Then type UCBLOGO for the large memory
	 version, or BL for the 640K version.

Mac:	 Double-click on the LOGO icon within the "UCB Logo" folder.

Windows: Double-click on the UCBWLOGO icon in the UCBLOGO folder.

To leave Logo, enter the command "bye".

On startup, Logo looks for a file named "startup.lg" in the system Logo
library and, if found, loads it.  Then it looks for "startup.lg" in the
user's home directory, or the current directory, depending on the operating
system, and loads that.  These startup files can be used to predefine
procedures, e.g., to provide non-English names for primitive procedures.

Under Unix, DOS, or Windows, if you include one or more filenames on the
command line when starting Logo, those files will be loaded before the
interpreter starts reading commands from your terminal.  If you load a file
that executes some program that includes a "bye" command, Logo will run that
program and exit.  You can therefore write standalone programs in Logo and run
them with shell/batch scripts.  To support this technique, Logo does not print
its usual welcoming and parting messages if you give file arguments to the
logo command.

If a command line argument is just a hyphen, then all command line arguments
after the hyphen are not taken as filenames, but are instead collected in a
list, one word per argument; the buried variable COMMAND.LINE contains that
list of arguments, or the empty list if there are none.  On my Linux system,
if the first line of an executable shell script is
#!/usr/local/bin/logo -
(note the hyphen) then the script can be given command line arguments and
they all end up in :COMMAND.LINE along with the script's path.  Experiment.

If you type your interrupt character (see table below) Logo will stop what
it's doing and return to toplevel, as if you did THROW "TOPLEVEL.  If you
type your quit character Logo will pause as if you did PAUSE.

               wxWidgets       Unix        DOS/Windows          Mac

toplevel         alt-S    usually ctrl-C     ctrl-Q      command-. (period)

pause            alt-P    usually ctrl-\     ctrl-W      command-, (comma)

If you have an environment variable called LOGOLIB whose value is the name of
a directory, then Logo will use that directory instead of the default
library.  If you invoke a procedure that has not been defined, Logo first
looks for a file in the current directory named proc.lg where "proc" is the
procedure name in lower case letters.  If such a file exists, Logo loads
that file.  If the missing procedure is still undefined, or if there is no
such file, Logo then looks in the library directory for a file named proc
(no ".lg") and, if it exists, loads it.  If neither file contains a
definition for the procedure, then Logo signals an error.  Several
procedures that are primitive in most versions of Logo are included in the
default library, so if you use a different library you may want to include
some or all of the default library in it.


TOKENIZATION
============

Names of procedures, variables, and property lists are case-insensitive.  So
are the special words END, TRUE, and FALSE.  Case of letters is preserved
in everything you type, however.

Within square brackets, words are delimited only by spaces and square
brackets.  [2+3] is a list containing one word.  Note, however, that the
Logo primitives that interpret such a list as a Logo instruction or
expression (RUN, IF, etc.) reparse the list as if it had not been typed
inside brackets.

After a quotation mark outside square brackets, a word is delimited by
a space, a square bracket, or a parenthesis.

A word not after a quotation mark or inside square brackets is delimited
by a space, a bracket, a parenthesis, or an infix operator +-*/=<>.  Note
that words following colons are in this category.  Note that quote and
colon are not delimiters.  Each infix operator character is a word in
itself, except that the two-character sequences <= >= and <> (the latter
meaning not-equal) with no intervening space are recognized as a single
word.

A word consisting of a question mark followed by a number (e.g., ?37),
when runparsed (i.e., where a procedure name is expected), is treated
as if it were the sequence

	( ? 37 )

making the number an input to the ? procedure.  (See the discussion of
templates, below.)  This special treatment does not apply to words read
as data, to words with a non-number following the question mark, or if
the question mark is backslashed.

A line (an instruction line or one read by READLIST or READWORD) can be
continued onto the following line if its last character is a tilde (~).
READWORD preserves the tilde and the newline; READLIST does not.

Lines read with READRAWLINE are never continued.

An instruction line or a line read by READLIST (but not by READWORD)
is automatically continued to the next line, as if ended with a tilde,
if there are unmatched brackets, parentheses, braces, or vertical bars
pending.  However, it's an error if the continuation line contains
only the word END; this is to prevent runaway procedure definitions.
Lines eplicitly continued with a tilde avoid this restriction.

If a line being typed interactively on the keyboard is continued, either
with a tilde or automatically, Logo will display a tilde as a prompt
character for the continuation line.

A semicolon begins a comment in an instruction line.  Logo ignores
characters from the semicolon to the end of the line.  A tilde as the
last character still indicates a continuation line, but not a continuation
of the comment.  For example, typing the instruction

	print "abc;comment ~
	def

will print the word abcdef.  Semicolon has no special meaning in data
lines read by READWORD or READLIST, but such a line can later be reparsed
using RUNPARSE and then comments will be recognized.

The two-character sequence #! at the beginning of a line also starts a
comment.  Unix users can therefore write a file containing Logo commands,
starting with the line

	#! /usr/local/bin/logo

(or wherever your Logo executable lives) and the file will be executable
directly from the shell.

To include an otherwise delimiting character (including semicolon or tilde)
in a word, precede it with backslash (\).  If the last character of a line
is a backslash, then the newline character following the backslash will be
part of the last word on the line, and the line continues onto the following
line.  To include a backslash in a word, use \\.  If the combination
backslash-newline is entered at the terminal, Logo will issue a backslash as
a prompt character for the continuation line.  All of this applies to data
lines read with READWORD or READLIST as well as to instruction lines.

A line read with READRAWLINE has no special quoting mechanism; both
backslash and vertical bar (described below) are just ordinary characters.

An alternative notation to include otherwise delimiting characters in words is
to enclose a group of characters in vertical bars.  All characters between
vertical bars are treated as if they were letters.  In data read with READWORD
the vertical bars are preserved in the resulting word.  In data read with
READLIST (or resulting from a PARSE or RUNPARSE of a word) the vertical bars
do not appear explicitly; all potentially delimiting characters (including
spaces, brackets, parentheses, and infix operators) appear unmarked, but
tokenized as though they were letters.  Within vertical bars, backslash may
still be used; the only characters that must be backslashed in this context
are backslash and vertical bar themselves.

Characters entered between vertical bars are forever special, even if the
word or list containing them is later reparsed with PARSE or RUNPARSE.
Characters typed after a backslash are treated somewhat differently:  When a
quoted word containing a backslashed character is runparsed, the backslashed
character loses its special quality and acts thereafter as if typed normally.
This distinction is important only if you are building a Logo expression out
of parts, to be RUN later, and want to use parentheses.  For example,

	PRINT RUN (SE "\( 2 "+ 3 "\))

will print 5, but

	RUN (SE "MAKE ""|(| 2)

will create a variable whose name is open-parenthesis.  (Each example would
fail if vertical bars and backslashes were interchanged.)

A character entered with backslash is EQUALP to the same character without the
backslash, but can be distinguished by the VBARREDP predicate.  (However,
VBARREDP returns TRUE only for characters for which special treatment is
necessary: whitespace, parentheses, brackets, infix operators, backslash,
vertical bar, tilde, quote, question mark, colon, and semicolon.)


DATA STRUCTURE PRIMITIVES
=========================

CONSTRUCTORS
------------

WORD word1 word2
(WORD word1 word2 word3 ...)

	outputs a word formed by concatenating its inputs.

LIST thing1 thing2
(LIST thing1 thing2 thing3 ...)

	outputs a list whose members are its inputs, which can be any
	Logo datum (word, list, or array).

SENTENCE thing1 thing2
SE thing1 thing2
(SENTENCE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...)
(SE thing1 thing2 thing3 ...)

	outputs a list whose members are its inputs, if those inputs are
	not lists, or the members of its inputs, if those inputs are lists.

FPUT thing list

	outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member,
	the first input, at the beginning.  If the second input is a word,
	then the first input must be a one-letter word, and FPUT is
	equivalent to WORD.

LPUT thing list

	outputs a list equal to its second input with one extra member,
	the first input, at the end.  If the second input is a word,
	then the first input must be a one-letter word, and LPUT is
	equivalent to WORD with its inputs in the other order.

ARRAY size
(ARRAY size origin)

	outputs an array of "size" members (must be a positive integer),
	each of which initially is an empty list.  Array members can be
	selected with ITEM and changed with SETITEM.  The first member of
	the array is member number 1 unless an "origin" input (must be an
	integer) is given, in which case the first member of the array has
	that number as its index.  (Typically 0 is used as the origin if
	anything.)  Arrays are printed by PRINT and friends, and can be
	typed in, inside curly braces; indicate an origin with {a b c}@0.

MDARRAY sizelist					(library procedure)
(MDARRAY sizelist origin)

	outputs a multi-dimensional array.  The first input must be a list
	of one or more positive integers.  The second input, if present,
	must be a single integer that applies to every dimension of the array.
	Ex: (MDARRAY [3 5] 0) outputs a two-dimensional array whose members
	range from [0 0] to [2 4].

LISTTOARRAY list
(LISTTOARRAY list origin)

	outputs an array of the same size as the input list, whose members
	are the members of the input list.

ARRAYTOLIST array

	outputs a list whose members are the members of the input array.
	The first member of the output is the first member of the array,
	regardless of the array's origin.

COMBINE thing1 thing2					(library procedure)

	if thing2 is a word, outputs WORD thing1 thing2.  If thing2 is a list,
	outputs FPUT thing1 thing2.

REVERSE list						(library procedure)

	outputs a list whose members are the members of the input list, in
	reverse order.

GENSYM							(library procedure)

	outputs a unique word each time it's invoked.  The words are of the
	form G1, G2, etc.


SELECTORS
---------

FIRST thing

	if the input is a word, outputs the first character of the word.
	If the input is a list, outputs the first member of the list.
	If the input is an array, outputs the origin of the array (that
	is, the INDEX OF the first member of the array).

FIRSTS list

	outputs a list containing the FIRST of each member of the input
	list.  It is an error if any member of the input list is empty.
	(The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is also
	empty.)  This could be written as

		to firsts :list
		output map "first :list
		end

	but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration
	tools MAP, MAP.SE, and FOREACH.
 
		to transpose :matrix
		if emptyp first :matrix [op []]
		op fput firsts :matrix transpose bfs :matrix
		end

LAST wordorlist

	if the input is a word, outputs the last character of the word.
	If the input is a list, outputs the last member of the list.

BUTFIRST wordorlist
BF wordorlist

	if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the first
	character of the input.  If the input is a list, outputs a list
	containing all but the first member of the input.

BUTFIRSTS list
BFS list

	outputs a list containing the BUTFIRST of each member of the input
	list.  It is an error if any member of the input list is empty or an
	array.  (The input itself may be empty, in which case the output is
	also empty.)  This could be written as

		to butfirsts :list
		output map "butfirst :list
		end

	but is provided as a primitive in order to speed up the iteration
	tools MAP, MAP.SE, and FOREACH.

BUTLAST wordorlist
BL wordorlist

	if the input is a word, outputs a word containing all but the last
	character of the input.  If the input is a list, outputs a list
	containing all but the last member of the input.

ITEM index thing

	if the "thing" is a word, outputs the "index"th character of the
	word.  If the "thing" is a list, outputs the "index"th member of
	the list.  If the "thing" is an array, outputs the "index"th
	member of the array.  "Index" starts at 1 for words and lists;
	the starting index of an array is specified when the array is
	created.

MDITEM indexlist array					(library procedure)

	outputs the member of the multidimensional "array" selected by
	the list of numbers "indexlist".

PICK list						(library procedure)

	outputs a randomly chosen member of the input list.

REMOVE thing list					(library procedure)

	outputs a copy of "list" with every member equal to "thing" removed.

REMDUP list						(library procedure)

	outputs a copy of "list" with duplicate members removed.  If two or
	more members of the input are equal, the rightmost of those members
	is the one that remains in the output.

QUOTED thing						(library procedure)

	outputs its input, if a list; outputs its input with a quotation
	mark prepended, if a word.


MUTATORS
--------

SETITEM index array value

	command.  Replaces the "index"th member of "array" with the new
	"value".  Ensures that the resulting array is not circular, i.e.,
	"value" may not be a list or array that contains "array".

MDSETITEM indexlist array value				(library procedure)

	command.  Replaces the member of "array" chosen by "indexlist"
	with the new "value".

.SETFIRST list value

	command.  Changes the first member of "list" to be "value".

	WARNING:  Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS.
	Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of .SETFIRST can
	lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives
	into infinite loops, and to unexpected changes to other data
	structures that share storage with the list being modified.

.SETBF list value

	command.  Changes the butfirst of "list" to be "value".

	WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS.
	Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of .SETBF can
	lead to circular list structures, which will get some Logo primitives
	into infinite loops; unexpected changes to other data structures that
	share storage with the list being modified; or to Logo crashes and
	coredumps if the butfirst of a list is not itself a list.

.SETITEM index array value

	command.  Changes the "index"th member of "array" to be "value",
	like SETITEM, but without checking for circularity.

	WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS.
	Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of .SETITEM
	can lead to circular arrays, which will get some Logo primitives into
	infinite loops.

PUSH stackname thing					(library procedure)

	command.  Adds the "thing" to the stack that is the value of the
	variable whose name is "stackname".  This variable must have a list
	as its value; the initial value should be the empty list.  New
	members are added at the front of the list.

POP stackname						(library procedure)

	outputs the most recently PUSHed member of the stack that is the
	value of the variable whose name is "stackname" and removes that
	member from the stack.

QUEUE queuename thing					(library procedure)

	command.  Adds the "thing" to the queue that is the value of the
	variable whose name is "queuename".  This variable must have a list
	as its value; the initial value should be the empty list.  New
	members are added at the back of the list.

DEQUEUE queuename					(library procedure)

	outputs the least recently QUEUEd member of the queue that is the
	value of the variable whose name is "queuename" and removes that
	member from the queue.


PREDICATES
----------

WORDP thing
WORD? thing

	outputs TRUE if the input is a word, FALSE otherwise.

LISTP thing
LIST? thing

	outputs TRUE if the input is a list, FALSE otherwise.

ARRAYP thing
ARRAY? thing

	outputs TRUE if the input is an array, FALSE otherwise.

EMPTYP thing
EMPTY? thing

	outputs TRUE if the input is the empty word or the empty list,
	FALSE otherwise.

EQUALP thing1 thing2
EQUAL? thing1 thing2
thing1 = thing2

	outputs TRUE if the inputs are equal, FALSE otherwise.  Two numbers
	are equal if they have the same numeric value.  Two non-numeric words
	are equal if they contain the same characters in the same order.  If
	there is a variable named CASEIGNOREDP whose value is TRUE, then an
	upper case letter is considered the same as the corresponding lower
	case letter.  (This is the case by default.)  Two lists are equal if
	their members are equal.  An array is only equal to itself; two
	separately created arrays are never equal even if their members are
	equal.  (It is important to be able to know if two expressions have
	the same array as their value because arrays are mutable; if, for
	example, two variables have the same array as their values then
	performing SETITEM on one of them will also change the other.)

NOTEQUALP thing1 thing2
NOTEQUAL? thing1 thing2
thing1 <> thing2

	outputs FALSE if the inputs are equal, TRUE otherwise.  See EQUALP
	for the meaning of equality for different data types.

BEFOREP word1 word2
BEFORE? word1 word2

	outputs TRUE if word1 comes before word2 in ASCII collating sequence
	(for words of letters, in alphabetical order).  Case-sensitivity is
	determined by the value of CASEIGNOREDP.  Note that if the inputs are
	numbers, the result may not be the same as with LESSP; for example,
	BEFOREP 3 12 is false because 3 collates after 1.

.EQ thing1 thing2

	outputs TRUE if its two inputs are the same datum, so that applying a
	mutator to one will change the other as well.  Outputs FALSE otherwise,
	even if the inputs are equal in value.
	WARNING: Primitives whose names start with a period are DANGEROUS.
	Their use by non-experts is not recommended.  The use of mutators
	can lead to circular data structures, infinite loops, or Logo crashes.

MEMBERP thing1 thing2
MEMBER? thing1 thing2

	if "thing2" is a list or an array, outputs TRUE if "thing1" is EQUALP
	to a member of "thing2", FALSE otherwise.  If "thing2" is
	a word, outputs TRUE if "thing1" is a one-character word EQUALP to a
	character of "thing2", FALSE otherwise.

SUBSTRINGP thing1 thing2
SUBSTRING? thing1 thing2

	if "thing1" or "thing2" is a list or an array, outputs FALSE.  If
	"thing2" is a word, outputs TRUE if "thing1" is EQUALP to a
	substring of "thing2", FALSE otherwise.

NUMBERP thing
NUMBER? thing

	outputs TRUE if the input is a number, FALSE otherwise.

VBARREDP char
VBARRED? char
BACKSLASHEDP char                               (library procedure)
BACKSLASHED? char                               (library procedure)

	outputs TRUE if the input character was originally entered into Logo
	within vertical bars (|) to prevent its usual special syntactic
	meaning, FALSE otherwise.  (Outputs TRUE only if the character is a
	backslashed space, tab, newline, or one of ()[]+-*/=<>":;\~?| )

	The names BACKSLASHEDP and BACKSLASHED? are included in the Logo
	library for backward compatibility with the former names of this
	primitive, although it does *not* output TRUE for characters
	originally entered with backslashes.


QUERIES
-------

COUNT thing

	outputs the number of characters in the input, if the input is a word;
	outputs the number of members in the input, if it is a list
	or an array.  (For an array, this may or may not be the index of the
	last member, depending on the array's origin.)

ASCII char

	outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input
	character in the ASCII code.  Interprets control characters as
	representing vbarred punctuation, and returns the character code
	for the corresponding punctuation character without vertical bars.
	(Compare RAWASCII.)

RAWASCII char

	outputs the integer (between 0 and 255) that represents the input
	character in the ASCII code.  Interprets control characters as
	representing themselves.  To find out the ASCII code of an arbitrary
	keystroke, use RAWASCII RC.

CHAR int

	outputs the character represented in the ASCII code by the input,
	which must be an integer between 0 and 255.

MEMBER thing1 thing2

	if "thing2" is a word or list and if MEMBERP with these inputs would
	output TRUE, outputs the portion of "thing2" from the first instance
	of "thing1" to the end.  If MEMBERP would output FALSE, outputs the
	empty word or list according to the type of "thing2".  It is an error
	for "thing2" to be an array.

LOWERCASE word

	outputs a copy of the input word, but with all uppercase letters
	changed to the corresponding lowercase letter.

UPPERCASE word

	outputs a copy of the input word, but with all lowercase letters
	changed to the corresponding uppercase letter.

STANDOUT thing

	outputs a word that, when printed, will appear like the input but
	displayed in standout mode (boldface, reverse video, or whatever your
	version does for standout).  The word contains machine-specific
	magic characters at the beginning and end; in between is the printed
	form (as if displayed using TYPE) of the input.  The output is always
	a word, even if the input is of some other type, but it may include
	spaces and other formatting characters.  Note: a word output by
	STANDOUT while Logo is running on one machine will probably not have
	the desired effect if printed on another type of machine.

	In the Macintosh classic version, the way that standout works is
	incompatible with the use of characters whose ASCII code is greater
	than 127.  Therefore, you have a choice to make:  The instruction
		CANINVERSE 0
	disables standout, but enables the display of ASCII codes above 127,
	and the instruction
		CANINVERSE 1
	restores the default situation in which standout is enabled and the
	extra graphic characters cannot be printed.

PARSE word

	outputs the list that would result if the input word were entered
	in response to a READLIST operation.  That is, PARSE READWORD has
	the same value as READLIST for the same characters read.

RUNPARSE wordorlist

	outputs the list that would result if the input word or list were
	entered as an instruction line; characters such as infix operators
	and parentheses are separate members of the output.  Note that
	sublists of a runparsed list are not themselves runparsed.


COMMUNICATION
=============

TRANSMITTERS
------------

Note:  If there is a variable named PRINTDEPTHLIMIT with a nonnegative
integer value, then complex list and array structures will be printed
only to the allowed depth.  That is, members of members of... of members
will be allowed only so far.  The members omitted because
they are just past the depth limit are indicated by an ellipsis for each
one, so a too-deep list of two members will print as [... ...].

If there is a variable named PRINTWIDTHLIMIT with a nonnegative integer
value, then only the first so many members of any array or
list will be printed.  A single ellipsis replaces all missing data
within the structure.  The width limit also applies to the number of
characters printed in a word, except that a PRINTWIDTHLIMIT between 0 and 9
will be treated as if it were 10 when applied to words.  This limit
applies not only to the top-level printed datum but to any substructures
within it.

If there is a variable named FULLPRINTP whose value is TRUE, then words that
were created using backslash or vertical bar (to include characters that
would otherwise not be treated as part of a word) are printed with the
backslashes or vertical bars shown, so that the printed result could be
re-read by Logo to produce the same value.  If FULLPRINTP is TRUE then
the empty word (however it was created) prints as ||.  (Otherwise it prints
as nothing at all.)

PRINT thing
PR thing
(PRINT thing1 thing2 ...)
(PR thing1 thing2 ...)

	command.  Prints the input or inputs to the current write stream
	(initially the screen).  All the inputs are printed on a single
	line, separated by spaces, ending with a newline.  If an input is a
	list, square brackets are not printed around it, but brackets are
	printed around sublists.  Braces are always printed around arrays.

TYPE thing
(TYPE thing1 thing2 ...)

	command.  Prints the input or inputs like PRINT, except that no
	newline character is printed at the end and multiple inputs are not
	separated by spaces.  Note: printing to the terminal is ordinarily
	"line buffered"; that is, the characters you print using TYPE will
	not actually appear on the screen until either a newline character
	is printed (for example, by PRINT or SHOW) or Logo tries to read
	from the keyboard (either at the request of your program or after an
	instruction prompt).  This buffering makes the program much faster
	than it would be if each character appeared immediately, and in most
	cases the effect is not disconcerting.  To accommodate programs that
	do a lot of positioned text display using TYPE, Logo will force
	printing whenever SETCURSOR is invoked.  This solves most buffering
	problems.  Still, on occasion you may find it necessary to force the
	buffered characters to be printed explicitly; this can be done using
	the WAIT command.  WAIT 0 will force printing without actually
	waiting.

SHOW thing
(SHOW thing1 thing2 ...)

	command.  Prints the input or inputs like PRINT, except that
	if an input is a list it is printed inside square brackets.


RECEIVERS
---------

READLIST
RL

	reads a line from the read stream (initially the keyboard) and
	outputs that line as a list.  The line is separated into members as
	though it were typed in square brackets in an instruction.  If the
	read stream is a file, and the end of file is reached, READLIST
	outputs the empty word (not the empty list).  READLIST processes
	backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in the read stream;
	the output list will not contain these characters but they will have
	had their usual effect.  READLIST does not, however, treat semicolon
	as a comment character.

READWORD
RW

	reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word.
	The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces,
	brackets, etc.  If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is
	reached, READWORD outputs the empty list (not the empty word).
	READWORD processes backslash, vertical bar, and tilde characters in
	the read stream.  In the case of a tilde used for line continuation,
	the output word DOES include the tilde and the newline characters, so
	that the user program can tell exactly what the user entered.
	Vertical bars in the line are also preserved in the output.
	Backslash characters are not preserved in the output.

READRAWLINE

	reads a line from the read stream and outputs that line as a word.
	The output is a single word even if the line contains spaces,
	brackets, etc.  If the read stream is a file, and the end of file is
	reached, READRAWLINE outputs the empty list (not the empty word).
	READRAWLINE outputs the exact string of characters as they appear
	in the line, with no special meaning for backslash, vertical bar,
	tilde, or any other formatting characters.

READCHAR
RC

	reads a single character from the read stream and outputs that
	character as a word.  If the read stream is a file, and the end of
	file is reached, READCHAR outputs the empty list (not the empty
	word).  If the read stream is the keyboard, echoing is turned off
	when READCHAR is invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD
	is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed.  Backslash, vertical bar,
	and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context.

READCHARS num
RCS num

	reads "num" characters from the read stream and outputs those
	characters as a word.  If the read stream is a file, and the end of
	file is reached, READCHARS outputs the empty list (not the empty
	word).  If the read stream is a terminal, echoing is turned off
	when READCHARS is invoked, and remains off until READLIST or READWORD
	is invoked or a Logo prompt is printed.  Backslash, vertical bar,
	and tilde characters have no special meaning in this context.

SHELL command
(SHELL command wordflag)

	Under Unix, outputs the result of running "command" as a shell
	command.  (The command is sent to /bin/sh, not csh or other
	alternatives.)  If the command is a literal list in the instruction
	line, and if you want a backslash character sent to the shell, you
	must use \\ to get the backslash through Logo's reader intact.  The
	output is a list containing one member for each line generated by
	the shell command.  Ordinarily each such line is represented by a
	list in the output, as though the line were read using READLIST.  If
	a second input is given, regardless of the value of the input, each
	line is represented by a word in the output as though it were read
	with READWORD.  Example:

			to dayofweek
			output first first shell [date]
			end

	This is "first first" to extract the first word of the first (and
	only) line of the shell output.

	Under MacOS X, SHELL works as under Unix.  SHELL is not available
	under Mac Classic.

	Under DOS, SHELL is a command, not an operation; it sends its
	input to a DOS command processor but does not collect the result
	of the command.

	Under Windows, the wxWidgets version of Logo behaves as under Unix (except
	that DOS-style commands are understood; use "dir" rather than "ls").
	The non-wxWidgets version behaves like the DOS version.


FILE ACCESS
-----------

SETPREFIX string

	command.  Sets a prefix that will be used as the implicit beginning
	of filenames in OPENREAD, OPENWRITE, OPENAPPEND, OPENUPDATE, LOAD,
	and SAVE commands.  Logo will put the appropriate separator
	character (slash for Unix, backslash for DOS/Windows, colon for
	MacOS Classic) between the prefix and the filename entered by the user.
	The input to SETPREFIX must be a word, unless it is the empty list,
	to indicate that there should be no prefix.

PREFIX

	outputs the current file prefix, or [] if there is no prefix.
	See SETPREFIX.

OPENREAD filename

	command.  Opens the named file for reading.  The read position is
	initially at the beginning of the file.

OPENWRITE filename

	command.  Opens the named file for writing.  If the file already
	existed, the old version is deleted and a new, empty file created.

	OPENWRITE, but not the other OPEN variants, will accept as input
	a two-element list, in which the first element must be a variable
	name, and the second must be a positive integer.  A character
	buffer of the specified size will be created.  When a SETWRITE is
	done with this same list (in the sense of .EQ, not a copy, so
	you must do something like
		? make "buf [foo 100]
		? openwrite :buf
		? setwrite :buf
		    [...]
		? close :buf
	and not just
		? openwrite [foo 100]
		? setwrite [foo 100]
	and so on), the printed characters are stored in the buffer;
	when a CLOSE is done with the same list as input, the characters
	from the buffer (treated as one long word, even if spaces and
	newlines are included) become the value of the specified variable.

OPENAPPEND filename

	command.  Opens the named file for writing.  If the file already
	exists, the write position is initially set to the end of the old
	file, so that newly written data will be appended to it.

OPENUPDATE filename

	command.  Opens the named file for reading and writing.  The read and
	write position is initially set to the end of the old file, if any.
	Note: each open file has only one position, for both reading and
	writing.  If a file opened for update is both READER and WRITER at
	the same time, then SETREADPOS will also affect WRITEPOS and vice
	versa.  Also, if you alternate reading and writing the same file,
	you must SETREADPOS between a write and a read, and SETWRITEPOS
	between a read and a write.

CLOSE filename

	command.  Closes the named file.  If the file was currently the
	reader or writer, then the reader or writer is changed to the
	keyboard or screen, as if SETREAD [] or SETWRITE [] had been done.

ALLOPEN

	outputs a list whose members are the names of all files currently open.
	This list does not include the dribble file, if any.

CLOSEALL						(library procedure)

	command.  Closes all open files.  Abbreviates
	FOREACH ALLOPEN [CLOSE ?]

ERASEFILE filename
ERF filename

	command.  Erases (deletes, removes) the named file, which should not
	currently be open.

DRIBBLE filename

	command.  Creates a new file whose name is the input, like OPENWRITE,
	and begins recording in that file everything that is read from the
	keyboard or written to the terminal.  That is, this writing is in
	addition to the writing to WRITER.  The intent is to create a
	transcript of a Logo session, including things like prompt
	characters and interactions.

NODRIBBLE

	command.  Stops copying information into the dribble file, and
	closes the file.

SETREAD filename

	command.  Makes the named file the read stream, used for READLIST,
	etc.  The file must already be open with OPENREAD or OPENUPDATE.  If
	the input is the empty list, then the read stream becomes the
	keyboard, as usual.  Changing the read stream does not close the
	file that was previously the read stream, so it is possible to
	alternate between files.

SETWRITE filename

	command.  Makes the named file the write stream, used for PRINT,
	etc.  The file must already be open with OPENWRITE, OPENAPPEND, or
	OPENUPDATE.  If the input is the empty list, then the write stream
	becomes the screen, as usual.  Changing the write stream does
	not close the file that was previously the write stream, so it is
	possible to alternate between files.

	If the input is a list, then its first element must be a variable
	name, and its second and last element must be a positive integer; a
	buffer of that many characters will be allocated, and will become the
	writestream.  If the same list (same in the .EQ sense, not a copy)
	has been used as input to OPENWRITE, then the already-allocated
	buffer will be used, and the writer can be changed to and from this
	buffer, with all the characters accumulated as in a file.  When the
	same list is used as input to CLOSE, the contents of the buffer
	(as an unparsed word, which may contain newline characters) will
	become the value of the named variable.  For compatibility with
	earlier versions, if the list has not been opened when the SETWRITE
	is done, it will be opened implicitly, but the first SETWRITE after
	this one will implicitly close it, setting the variable and freeing
	the allocated buffer.

READER

	outputs the name of the current read stream file, or the empty list
	if the read stream is the terminal.

WRITER

	outputs the name of the current write stream file, or the empty list
	if the write stream is the screen.

SETREADPOS charpos

	command.  Sets the file pointer of the read stream file so that the
	next READLIST, etc., will begin reading at the "charpos"th character
	in the file, counting from 0.  (That is, SETREADPOS 0 will start
	reading from the beginning of the file.)  Meaningless if the read
	stream is the screen.

SETWRITEPOS charpos

	command.  Sets the file pointer of the write stream file so that the
	next PRINT, etc., will begin writing at the "charpos"th character
	in the file, counting from 0.  (That is, SETWRITEPOS 0 will start
	writing from the beginning of the file.)  Meaningless if the write
	stream is the screen.

READPOS

	outputs the file position of the current read stream file.

WRITEPOS

	outputs the file position of the current write stream file.

EOFP
EOF?

	predicate, outputs TRUE if there are no more characters to be
	read in the read stream file, FALSE otherwise.

FILEP filename
FILE? filename						(library procedure)

	predicate, outputs TRUE if a file of the specified name exists
	and can be read, FALSE otherwise.


TERMINAL ACCESS
---------------

KEYP
KEY?

	predicate, outputs TRUE if there are characters waiting to be
	read from the read stream.  If the read stream is a file, this
	is equivalent to NOT EOFP.  If the read stream is the terminal,
	then echoing is turned off and the terminal is set to CBREAK
	(character at a time instead of line at a time) mode.  It
	remains in this mode until some line-mode reading is requested
	(e.g., READLIST).  The Unix operating system forgets about any
	pending characters when it switches modes, so the first KEYP
	invocation will always output FALSE.

CLEARTEXT
CT

	command.  Clears the text window.

SETCURSOR vector

	command.  The input is a list of two numbers, the x and y
	coordinates of a text window position (origin in the upper left
	corner, positive direction is southeast).  The text cursor
	is moved to the requested position.  This command also forces
	the immediate printing of any buffered characters.

CURSOR

	outputs a list containing the current x and y coordinates of
	the text cursor.  Logo may get confused about the current
	cursor position if, e.g., you type in a long line that wraps
	around or your program prints escape codes that affect the
	screen strangely.

SETMARGINS vector

	command.  The input must be a list of two numbers, as for
	SETCURSOR.  The effect is to clear the screen and then arrange for
	all further printing to be shifted down and to the right according
	to the indicated margins.  Specifically, every time a newline
	character is printed (explicitly or implicitly) Logo will type
	x_margin spaces, and on every invocation of SETCURSOR the margins
	will be added to the input x and y coordinates.  (CURSOR will report
	the cursor position relative to the margins, so that this shift will
	be invisible to Logo programs.)  The purpose of this command is to
	accommodate the display of terminal screens in lecture halls with
	inadequate TV monitors that miss the top and left edges of the
	screen.

SETTEXTCOLOR foreground background
SETTC foreground background

	command (wxWidgets only).  The inputs are color numbers, or RGB color
	lists, as for turtle graphics.  The foreground and background colors
	for the textscreen/splitscreen text window are changed to the given
	values.  The change affects text already printed as well as future
	text printing; there is only one text color for the entire window.

	command (non-wxWidgets Windows and DOS extended only).  The inputs are
	color numbers, as for turtle graphics.  Future printing to the text
	window will use the specified colors for foreground (the characters
	printed) and background (the space under those characters).  Using
	STANDOUT will revert to the default text window colors.  In the DOS
	extended (ucblogo.exe) version, colors in textscreen mode are limited
	to numbers 0-7, and the coloring applies only to text printed by the
	program, not to the echoing of text typed by the user.  Neither
	limitation applies to the text portion of splitscreen mode, which is
	actually drawn as graphics internally.

INCREASEFONT
DECREASEFONT

	command (wxWidgets only).  Increase or decrease the size of the font
	used in the text and edit windows to the next larger or smaller
	available size.

SETTEXTSIZE height

	command (wxWidgets only).  Set the "point size" of the font used in
	the text and edit windows to the given integer input.  The desired
	size may not be available, in which case the nearest available size
	will be used.  Note: There is only a slight correlation between these
	integers and pixel sizes.  Our rough estimate is that the number of
	pixels of height is about 1.5 times the point size, but it varies for
	different fonts.  See SETLABELHEIGHT for a different approach used for
	the graphics window.

TEXTSIZE

	(wxWidgets only) outputs the "point size" of the font used in the text
	and edit windows.  See SETTEXTSIZE for a discussion of font sizing.
	See LABELSIZE for a different approach used for the graphics window.

SETFONT fontname

	command (wxWidgets only).  Set the font family used in all windows
	to the one named by the input.  Try 'Courier' or 'Monospace' as likely
	possibilities.  Not all computers have the same fonts installed.  It's
	a good idea to stick with monospace fonts (ones in which all
	characters have the same width).

FONT

	(wxWidgets only) outputs the name of the font family used in all
	windows.


ARITHMETIC
==========

NUMERIC OPERATIONS
------------------

SUM num1 num2
(SUM num1 num2 num3 ...)
num1 + num2

	outputs the sum of its inputs.

DIFFERENCE num1 num2
num1 - num2

	outputs the difference of its inputs.  Minus sign means infix
	difference in ambiguous contexts (when preceded by a complete
	expression), unless it is preceded by a space and followed
	by a nonspace.  (See also MINUS.)

MINUS num
- num

	outputs the negative of its input.  Minus sign means unary minus if
	the previous token is an infix operator or open parenthesis, or it is
	preceded by a space and followed by a nonspace.  There is a difference
	in binding strength between the two forms:

		MINUS 3 + 4	means	-(3+4)
		- 3 + 4		means	(-3)+4

PRODUCT num1 num2
(PRODUCT num1 num2 num3 ...)
num1 * num2

	outputs the product of its inputs.

QUOTIENT num1 num2
(QUOTIENT num)
num1 / num2

	outputs the quotient of its inputs.  The quotient of two integers
	is an integer if and only if the dividend is a multiple of the divisor.
	(In other words, QUOTIENT 5 2 is 2.5, not 2, but QUOTIENT 4 2 is
	2, not 2.0 -- it does the right thing.)  With a single input,
	QUOTIENT outputs the reciprocal of the input.

REMAINDER num1 num2

	outputs the remainder on dividing "num1" by "num2"; both must be
	integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as num1.

MODULO num1 num2

	outputs the remainder on dividing "num1" by "num2"; both must be
	integers and the result is an integer with the same sign as num2.

INT num

	outputs its input with fractional part removed, i.e., an integer
	with the same sign as the input, whose absolute value is the
	largest integer less than or equal to the absolute value of
	the input.

ROUND num

	outputs the nearest integer to the input.

SQRT num

	outputs the square root of the input, which must be nonnegative.

POWER num1 num2

	outputs "num1" to the "num2" power.  If num1 is negative, then
	num2 must be an integer.

EXP num

	outputs e (2.718281828+) to the input power.

LOG10 num

	outputs the common logarithm of the input.

LN num

	outputs the natural logarithm of the input.

SIN degrees

	outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in degrees.

RADSIN radians

	outputs the sine of its input, which is taken in radians.

COS degrees

	outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in degrees.

RADCOS radians

	outputs the cosine of its input, which is taken in radians.

ARCTAN num
(ARCTAN x y)

	outputs the arctangent, in degrees, of its input.  With two
	inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or
	90 or -90 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero.

RADARCTAN num
(RADARCTAN x y)

	outputs the arctangent, in radians, of its input.  With two
	inputs, outputs the arctangent of y/x, if x is nonzero, or
	pi/2 or -pi/2 depending on the sign of y, if x is zero.

	The expression 2*(RADARCTAN 0 1) can be used to get the
	value of pi.

ISEQ from to						(library procedure)

	outputs a list of the integers from FROM to TO, inclusive.

		? show iseq 3 7
		[3 4 5 6 7]
		? show iseq 7 3
		[7 6 5 4 3]

RSEQ from to count					(library procedure)

	outputs a list of COUNT equally spaced rational numbers
	between FROM and TO, inclusive.

		? show rseq 3 5 9
		[3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5]
		? show rseq 3 5 5
		[3 3.5 4 4.5 5]


PREDICATES
----------

LESSP num1 num2
LESS? num1 num2
num1 < num2

	outputs TRUE if its first input is strictly less than its second.

GREATERP num1 num2
GREATER? num1 num2
num1 > num2

	outputs TRUE if its first input is strictly greater than its second.

LESSEQUALP num1 num2
LESSEQUAL? num1 num2
num1 <= num2

	outputs TRUE if its first input is less than or equal to its second.

GREATEREQUALP num1 num2
GREATEREQUAL? num1 num2
num1 >= num2

	outputs TRUE if its first input is greater than or equal to its second.


RANDOM NUMBERS
--------------
RANDOM num
(RANDOM start end)

	with one input, outputs a random nonnegative integer less than its
	input, which must be a positive integer.

	With two inputs, RANDOM outputs a random integer greater than or
	equal to the first input, and less than or equal to the second
	input.  Both inputs must be integers, and the first must be less
	than the second.  (RANDOM 0 9) is equivalent to RANDOM 10;
	(RANDOM 3 8) is equivalent to (RANDOM 6)+3.

RERANDOM
(RERANDOM seed)

	command.  Makes the results of RANDOM reproducible.  Ordinarily
	the sequence of random numbers is different each time Logo is
	used.  If you need the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers
	repeatedly, e.g. to debug a program, say RERANDOM before the
	first invocation of RANDOM.  If you need more than one repeatable
	sequence, you can give RERANDOM an integer input; each possible
	input selects a unique sequence of numbers.


PRINT FORMATTING
----------------

FORM num width precision

	outputs a word containing a printable representation of "num",
	possibly preceded by spaces (and therefore not a number for
	purposes of performing arithmetic operations), with at least
	"width" characters, including exactly "precision" digits after
	the decimal point.  (If "precision" is 0 then there will be no
	decimal point in the output.)

	As a debugging feature, (FORM num -1 format) will print the
	floating point "num" according to the C printf "format", to allow

		to hex :num
		op form :num -1 "|%08X %08X|
		end

	to allow finding out the exact result of floating point operations.
	The precise format needed may be machine-dependent.


BITWISE OPERATIONS
------------------

BITAND num1 num2
(BITAND num1 num2 num3 ...)

	outputs the bitwise AND of its inputs, which must be integers.

BITOR num1 num2
(BITOR num1 num2 num3 ...)

	outputs the bitwise OR of its inputs, which must be integers.

BITXOR num1 num2
(BITXOR num1 num2 num3 ...)

	outputs the bitwise EXCLUSIVE OR of its inputs, which must be
	integers.

BITNOT num

	outputs the bitwise NOT of its input, which must be an integer.

ASHIFT num1 num2

	outputs "num1" arithmetic-shifted to the left by "num2" bits.
	If num2 is negative, the shift is to the right with sign
	extension.  The inputs must be integers.

LSHIFT num1 num2

	outputs "num1" logical-shifted to the left by "num2" bits.
	If num2 is negative, the shift is to the right with zero fill.
	The inputs must be integers.


LOGICAL OPERATIONS
==================

AND tf1 tf2
(AND tf1 tf2 tf3 ...)

	outputs TRUE if all inputs are TRUE, otherwise FALSE.  All inputs
	must be TRUE or FALSE.  (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless
	of the value of CASEIGNOREDP.  That is, "true" or "True" or "TRUE"
	are all the same.)  An input can be a list, in which case it is
	taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE
	or FALSE value.  List expressions are evaluated from left to right;
	as soon as a FALSE value is found, the remaining inputs are not
	examined.  Example:
		MAKE "RESULT AND [NOT (:X = 0)] [(1 / :X) > .5]
	to avoid the division by zero if the first part is false.

OR tf1 tf2
(OR tf1 tf2 tf3 ...)

	outputs TRUE if any input is TRUE, otherwise FALSE.  All inputs
	must be TRUE or FALSE.  (Comparison is case-insensitive regardless
	of the value of CASEIGNOREDP.  That is, "true" or "True" or "TRUE"
	are all the same.)  An input can be a list, in which case it is
	taken as an expression to run; that expression must produce a TRUE
	or FALSE value.  List expressions are evaluated from left to right;
	as soon as a TRUE value is found, the remaining inputs are not
	examined.  Example:
		IF OR :X=0 [some.long.computation] [...]
	to avoid the long computation if the first condition is met.

NOT tf

	outputs TRUE if the input is FALSE, and vice versa.  The input can be
	a list, in which case it is taken as an expression to run; that
	expression must produce a TRUE or FALSE value.


GRAPHICS
========

Berkeley Logo provides traditional Logo turtle graphics with one turtle.
Multiple turtles, dynamic turtles, and collision detection are not supported.
This is the most hardware-dependent part of Logo; some features may exist
on some machines but not others.  Nevertheless, the goal has been to make
Logo programs as portable as possible, rather than to take fullest advantage
of the capabilities of each machine.  In particular, Logo attempts to scale
the screen so that turtle coordinates [-100 -100] and [100 100] fit on the
graphics window, and so that the aspect ratio is 1:1.

The center of the graphics window (which may or may not be the entire
screen, depending on the machine used) is turtle location [0 0].  Positive
X is to the right; positive Y is up.  Headings (angles) are measured in
degrees clockwise from the positive Y axis.  (This differs from the common
mathematical convention of measuring angles counterclockwise from the
positive X axis.)  The turtle is represented as an isoceles triangle; the
actual turtle position is at the midpoint of the base (the short side).
However, the turtle is drawn one step behind its actual position, so that
the display of the base of the turtle's triangle does not obscure a line
drawn perpendicular to it (as would happen after drawing a square).

Colors are, of course, hardware-dependent.  However, Logo provides partial
hardware independence by interpreting color numbers 0 through 7 uniformly
on all computers:

	0  black	1  blue		2  green	3  cyan
	4  red		5  magenta	6  yellow	7 white

Where possible, Logo provides additional user-settable colors; how many
are available depends on the hardware and operating system environment.
If at least 16 colors are available, Logo tries to provide uniform
initial settings for the colors 8-15:

	 8  brown	 9  tan		10  forest	11  aqua
	12  salmon	13  purple	14  orange	15  grey

Logo begins with a black background and white pen.


TURTLE MOTION
-------------

FORWARD dist
FD dist

	moves the turtle forward, in the direction that it's facing, by
	the specified distance (measured in turtle steps).

BACK dist
BK dist

	moves the turtle backward, i.e., exactly opposite to the direction
	that it's facing, by the specified distance.  (The heading of the
	turtle does not change.)

LEFT degrees
LT degrees

	turns the turtle counterclockwise by the specified angle, measured
	in degrees (1/360 of a circle).

RIGHT degrees
RT degrees

	turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle, measured in
	degrees (1/360 of a circle).

SETPOS pos

	moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window.  The
	input is a list of two numbers, the X and Y coordinates.

SETXY xcor ycor

	moves the turtle to an absolute position in the graphics window.  The
	two inputs are numbers, the X and Y coordinates.

SETX xcor

	moves the turtle horizontally from its old position to a new
	absolute horizontal coordinate.  The input is the new X
	coordinate.

SETY ycor

	moves the turtle vertically from its old position to a new
	absolute vertical coordinate.  The input is the new Y
	coordinate.

SETHEADING degrees
SETH degrees

	turns the turtle to a new absolute heading.  The input is
	a number, the heading in degrees clockwise from the positive
	Y axis.

HOME

	moves the turtle to the center of the screen.  Equivalent to
	SETPOS [0 0] SETHEADING 0.

ARC angle radius

	draws an arc of a circle, with the turtle at the center, with the
	specified radius, starting at the turtle's heading and extending
	clockwise through the specified angle.  The turtle does not move.

TURTLE MOTION QUERIES
---------------------

POS

	outputs the turtle's current position, as a list of two
	numbers, the X and Y coordinates.

XCOR							(library procedure)

	outputs a number, the turtle's X coordinate.

YCOR							(library procedure)

	outputs a number, the turtle's Y coordinate.

HEADING

	outputs a number, the turtle's heading in degrees.

TOWARDS pos

	outputs a number, the heading at which the turtle should be
	facing so that it would point from its current position to
	the position given as the input.

SCRUNCH

	outputs a list containing two numbers, the X and Y scrunch
	factors, as used by SETSCRUNCH.  (But note that SETSCRUNCH
	takes two numbers as inputs, not one list of numbers.)


TURTLE AND WINDOW CONTROL
-------------------------

SHOWTURTLE
ST

	makes the turtle visible.

HIDETURTLE
HT

	makes the turtle invisible.  It's a good idea to do this while
	you're in the middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding
	the turtle speeds up the drawing substantially.

CLEAN

	erases all lines that the turtle has drawn on the graphics window.
	The turtle's state (position, heading, pen mode, etc.) is not
	changed.

CLEARSCREEN
CS

	erases the graphics window and sends the turtle to its initial
	position and heading.  Like HOME and CLEAN together.

WRAP

	tells the turtle to enter wrap mode:  From now on, if the turtle
	is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it
	will "wrap around" and reappear at the opposite edge of the
	window.  The top edge wraps to the bottom edge, while the left
	edge wraps to the right edge.  (So the window is topologically
	equivalent to a torus.)  This is the turtle's initial mode.
	Compare WINDOW and FENCE.

WINDOW

	tells the turtle to enter window mode:  From now on, if the turtle
	is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it
	will move offscreen.  The visible graphics window is considered
	as just part of an infinite graphics plane; the turtle can be
	anywhere on the plane.  (If you lose the turtle, HOME will bring
	it back to the center of the window.)  Compare WRAP and FENCE.

FENCE

	tells the turtle to enter fence mode:  From now on, if the turtle
	is asked to move past the boundary of the graphics window, it
	will move as far as it can and then stop at the edge with an
	"out of bounds" error message.  Compare WRAP and WINDOW.

FILL

	fills in a region of the graphics window containing the turtle
	and bounded by lines that have been drawn earlier.  This is not
	portable; it doesn't work for all machines, and may not work
	exactly the same way on different machines.

FILLED color instructions

	runs the instructions, remembering all points visited by turtle
	motion commands, starting *and ending* with the turtle's initial
	position.  Then draws (ignoring penmode) the resulting polygon,
	in the current pen color, filling the polygon with the given color,
	which can be a color number or an RGB list.  The instruction list
	cannot include another FILLED invocation.

LABEL text

	takes a word or list as input, and prints the input on the
	graphics window, starting at the turtle's position.

SETLABELHEIGHT height

	command (wxWidgets only).  Takes a positive integer argument and tries
	to set the font size so that the character height (including
	descenders) is that many turtle steps.  This will be different from
	the number of screen pixels if SETSCRUNCH has been used.  Also, note
	that SETSCRUNCH changes the font size to try to preserve this height
	in turtle steps.  Note that the query operation corresponding to this
	command is LABELSIZE, not LABELHEIGHT, because it tells you the width
	as well as the height of characters in the current font.

TEXTSCREEN
TS

	rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the
	space available in the text window (the window used for
	interaction with Logo).  The details differ among machines.
	Compare SPLITSCREEN and FULLSCREEN.

FULLSCREEN
FS

	rearranges the size and position of windows to maximize the space
	available in the graphics window.  The details differ among machines.
	Compare SPLITSCREEN and TEXTSCREEN.

	Since there must be a text window to allow printing (including the
	printing of the Logo prompt), Logo automatically switches from
	fullscreen to splitscreen whenever anything is printed.

	In the DOS version, switching from fullscreen to splitscreen loses the
	part of the picture that's hidden by the text window.  [This design
	decision follows from the scarcity of memory, so that the extra memory
	to remember an invisible part of a drawing seems too expensive.]

SPLITSCREEN
SS

	rearranges the size and position of windows to allow some room for
	text interaction while also keeping most of the graphics window
	visible.  The details differ among machines.  Compare TEXTSCREEN
	and FULLSCREEN.

SETSCRUNCH xscale yscale

	adjusts the aspect ratio and scaling of the graphics display.
	After this command is used, all further turtle motion will be
	adjusted by multiplying the horizontal and vertical extent of
	the motion by the two numbers given as inputs.  For example,
	after the instruction "SETSCRUNCH 2 1" motion at a heading of
	45 degrees will move twice as far horizontally as vertically.
	If your squares don't come out square, try this.  (Alternatively,
	you can deliberately misadjust the aspect ratio to draw an ellipse.)

	In wxWidgets only, SETSCRUNCH also changes the size of the text font
	used for the LABEL command to try to keep the height of characters
	scaled with the vertical turtle step size.

	For all modern computers For DOS machines, the scale factors are
	initially set according to what the hardware claims the aspect ratio
	is, but the hardware sometimes lies.  For DOS, the values set by
	SETSCRUNCH are remembered in a file (called SCRUNCH.DAT) and are
	automatically put into effect when a Logo session begins.

REFRESH

	(command) tells Logo to remember the turtle's motions so that they
	can be used for high-resolution printing (wxWidgets) or to refresh
	the graphics window if it is moved, resized, or overlayed
	(non-wxWidgets).  This is the default.

NOREFRESH

	(command) tells Logo not to remember the turtle's motions, which may
	be useful to save time and memory if your program is interactive or
	animated, rather than drawing a static picture you'll want to print
	later (wxWidgets).  In non-wxWidgets versions, using NOREFRESH may
	prevent Logo from restoring the graphics image after the window is
	moved, resized, or overlayed.


TURTLE AND WINDOW QUERIES
-------------------------

SHOWNP
SHOWN?

	outputs TRUE if the turtle is shown (visible), FALSE if the
	turtle is hidden.  See SHOWTURTLE and HIDETURTLE.

SCREENMODE

	outputs the word TEXTSCREEN, SPLITSCREEN, or FULLSCREEN depending
	on the current screen mode.

TURTLEMODE

	outputs the word WRAP, FENCE, or WINDOW depending on the current
	turtle mode.

LABELSIZE

	(wxWidgets only) outputs a list of two positive integers, the width
	and height of characters displayed by LABEL measured in turtle steps
	(which will be different from screen pixels if SETSCRUNCH has been
	used).  There is no SETLABELSIZE because the width and height of a
	font are not separately controllable, so the inverse of this operation
	is SETLABELHEIGHT, which takes just one number for the desired height.


PEN AND BACKGROUND CONTROL
--------------------------

The turtle carries a pen that can draw pictures.  At any time the pen
can be UP (in which case moving the turtle does not change what's on the
graphics screen) or DOWN (in which case the turtle leaves a trace).
If the pen is down, it can operate in one of three modes: PAINT (so that it
draws lines when the turtle moves), ERASE (so that it erases any lines
that might have been drawn on or through that path earlier), or REVERSE
(so that it inverts the status of each point along the turtle's path).

PENDOWN
PD

	sets the pen's position to DOWN, without changing its mode.

PENUP
PU

	sets the pen's position to UP, without changing its mode.

PENPAINT
PPT

	sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to PAINT.

PENERASE
PE

	sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to ERASE.

PENREVERSE
PX

	sets the pen's position to DOWN and mode to REVERSE.
	(This may interact in system-dependent ways with use of color.)

SETPENCOLOR colornumber.or.rgblist
SETPC colornumber.or.rgblist

	sets the pen color to the given number, which must be a nonnegative
	integer.  There are initial assignments for the first 16 colors:

	 0  black	 1  blue	 2  green	 3  cyan
	 4  red		 5  magenta	 6  yellow	 7 white
	 8  brown	 9  tan		10  forest	11  aqua
	12  salmon	13  purple	14  orange	15  grey

	but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command.
	Alternatively, sets the pen color to the given RGB values (a list of
	three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying the percent
	saturation of red, green, and blue in the desired color).

SETPALETTE colornumber rgblist

	sets the actual color corresponding to a given number, if allowed by
	the hardware and operating system.  Colornumber must be an integer
	greater than or equal to 8.  (Logo tries to keep the first 8 colors
	constant.)  The second input is a list of three nonnegative numbers
	less than 100 specifying the percent saturation of red, green, and
	blue in the desired color.

SETPENSIZE size

	sets the thickness of the pen.  The input is either a single positive
	integer or a list of two positive integers (for horizontal and
	vertical thickness).  Some versions pay no attention to the second
	number, but always have a square pen.

SETPENPATTERN pattern

	sets hardware-dependent pen characteristics.  This command is
	not guaranteed compatible between implementations on different
	machines.

SETPEN list						(library procedure)

	sets the pen's position, mode, thickness, and hardware-dependent
	characteristics according to the information in the input list, which
	should be taken from an earlier invocation of PEN.

SETBACKGROUND colornumber.or.rgblist
SETBG colornumber.or.rgblist

	set the screen background color by slot number or RGB values.
	See SETPENCOLOR for details.


PEN QUERIES
-----------

PENDOWNP
PENDOWN?

	outputs TRUE if the pen is down, FALSE if it's up.

PENMODE

	outputs one of the words PAINT, ERASE, or REVERSE according to
	the current pen mode.

PENCOLOR
PC

	outputs a color number, a nonnegative integer that is associated with
	a particular color, or a list of RGB values if such a list was used as
	the most recent input to SETPENCOLOR.  There are initial assignments
	for the first 16 colors:

	 0  black	 1  blue	 2  green	 3  cyan
	 4  red		 5  magenta	 6  yellow	 7 white
	 8  brown	 9  tan		10  forest	11  aqua
	12  salmon	13  purple	14  orange	15  grey

	but other colors can be assigned to numbers by the PALETTE command.

PALETTE colornumber

	outputs a list of three nonnegative numbers less than 100 specifying
	the percent saturation of red, green, and blue in the color associated
	with the given number.

PENSIZE


	outputs a list of two positive integers, specifying the horizontal
	and vertical thickness of the turtle pen.  (In some implementations,
	including wxWidgets, the two numbers are always equal.)

PENPATTERN

	outputs system-specific pen information.

PEN							(library procedure)

	outputs a list containing the pen's position, mode, thickness, and
	hardware-specific characteristics, for use by SETPEN.

BACKGROUND
BG

	outputs the graphics background color, either as a slot number or
	as an RGB list, whichever way it was set.  (See PENCOLOR.)


SAVING AND LOADING PICTURES
---------------------------

SAVEPICT filename

	command.  Writes a file with the specified name containing the
	state of the graphics window, including any nonstandard color
	palette settings, in Logo's internal format.  This picture can
	be restored to the screen using LOADPICT.  The format is not
	portable between platforms, nor is it readable by other programs.
	See EPSPICT to export Logo graphics for other programs.

LOADPICT filename

	command.  Reads the specified file, which must have been
	written by a SAVEPICT command, and restores the graphics
	window and color palette settings to the values stored in
	the file.  Any drawing previously on the screen is cleared.

EPSPICT filename

	command.  Writes a file with the specified name, containing
	an Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) representation of the state
	of the graphics window.  This file can be imported into other
	programs that understand EPS format.  Restrictions: the
	drawing cannot use FILL, PENERASE, or PENREVERSE; any
	such instructions will be ignored in the translation to
	Postscript form.


MOUSE QUERIES
-------------


MOUSEPOS

	outputs the coordinates of the mouse, provided that it's within the
	graphics window, in turtle coordinates.  If the mouse is outside the
	graphics window, then the last position within the window is returned.
	Exception:  If a mouse button is pressed within the graphics window
	and held while the mouse is dragged outside the window, the mouse's
	position is returned as if the window were big enough to include it.

CLICKPOS

	outputs the coordinates that the mouse was at when a mouse button
	was most recently pushed, provided that that position was within the
	graphics window, in turtle coordinates.  (wxWidgets only)

BUTTONP
BUTTON?

	outputs TRUE if a mouse button is down and the mouse is over the
	graphics window.  Once the button is down, BUTTONP remains true until
	the button is released, even if the mouse is dragged out of the
	graphics window.

BUTTON

	outputs 0 if no mouse button has been pushed inside the Logo window
	since the last call to BUTTON.  Otherwise, it outputs an integer
	between 1 and 3 indicating which button was most recently pressed.
	Ordinarily 1 means left, 2 means right, and 3 means center, but
	operating systems may reconfigure these.



WORKSPACE MANAGEMENT
====================

PROCEDURE DEFINITION
--------------------

TO procname :input1 :input2 ...				(special form)

	command.  Prepares Logo to accept a procedure definition.  The
	procedure will be named "procname" and there must not already
	be a procedure by that name.  The inputs will be called "input1"
	etc.  Any number of inputs are allowed, including none.  Names
	of procedures and inputs are case-insensitive.

	Unlike every other Logo procedure, TO takes as its inputs the
	actual words typed in the instruction line, as if they were
	all quoted, rather than the results of evaluating expressions
	to provide the inputs.  (That's what "special form" means.)

	This version of Logo allows variable numbers of inputs to a
	procedure.  After the procedure name come four kinds of
	things, *in this order*:

	    1.   0 or more REQUIRED inputs    :FOO :FROBOZZ
	    2.   0 or more OPTIONAL inputs    [:BAZ 87] [:THINGO 5+9]
	    3.   0 or 1 REST input            [:GARPLY]
	    4.   0 or 1 DEFAULT number        5

	Every procedure has a MINIMUM, DEFAULT, and MAXIMUM
	number of inputs.  (The latter can be infinite.)

	The MINIMUM number of inputs is the number of required inputs,
	which must come first.  A required input is indicated by the

			:inputname

	notation.

	After all the required inputs can be zero or more optional inputs,
	each of which is represented by the following notation:

			[:inputname default.value.expression]

	When the procedure is invoked, if actual inputs are not supplied
	for these optional inputs, the default value expressions are
	evaluated to set values for the corresponding input names.  The
	inputs are processed from left to right, so a default value
	expression can be based on earlier inputs.  Example:

			to proc :inlist [:startvalue first :inlist]

	If the procedure is invoked by saying

			proc [a b c]

	then the variable INLIST will have the value [A B C] and the
	variable STARTVALUE will have the value A.  If the procedure
	is invoked by saying

			(proc [a b c] "x)

	then INLIST will have the value [A B C] and STARTVALUE will
	have the value X.

	After all the required and optional input can come a single "rest"
	input, represented by the following notation:

			[:inputname]

	This is a rest input rather than an optional input because there
	is no default value expression.  There can be at most one rest
	input.  When the procedure is invoked, the value of this inputname
	will be a list containing all of the actual inputs provided that
	were not used for required or optional inputs.  Example:

			to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3 "baz] [:in4]

	If this procedure is invoked by saying

			proc "x

	then IN1 has the value X, IN2 has the value FOO, IN3 has the value
	BAZ, and IN4 has the value [] (the empty list).  If it's invoked
	by saying

			(proc "a "b "c "d "e)

	then IN1 has the value A, IN2 has the value B, IN3 has the value C,
	and IN4 has the value [D E].

	The MAXIMUM number of inputs for a procedure is infinite if a
	rest input is given; otherwise, it is the number of required
	inputs plus the number of optional inputs.

	The DEFAULT number of inputs for a procedure, which is the number
	of inputs that it will accept if its invocation is not enclosed
	in parentheses, is ordinarily equal to the minimum number.  If
	you want a different default number you can indicate that by
	putting the desired default number as the last thing on the
	TO line.  example:

			to proc :in1 [:in2 "foo] [:in3] 3

	This procedure has a minimum of one input, a default of three
	inputs, and an infinite maximum.

	Logo responds to the TO command by entering procedure definition
	mode.  The prompt character changes from "?" to ">" and whatever
	instructions you type become part of the definition until you
	type a line containing only the word END.

DEFINE procname text

	command.  Defines a procedure with name "procname" and text "text".
	If there is already a procedure with the same name, the new
	definition replaces the old one.  The text input must be a list
	whose members are lists.  The first member is a list of inputs;
	it looks like a TO line but without the word TO, without the
	procedure name, and without the colons before input names.  In
	other words, the members of this first sublist are words for
	the names of required inputs and lists for the names of optional
	or rest inputs.  The remaining sublists of the text input make
	up the body of the procedure, with one sublist for each instruction
	line of the body.  (There is no END line in the text input.)
	It is an error to redefine a primitive procedure unless the variable
	REDEFP has the value TRUE.

TEXT procname

	outputs the text of the procedure named "procname" in the form
	expected by DEFINE: a list of lists, the first of which describes
	the inputs to the procedure and the rest of which are the lines of
	its body.  The text does not reflect formatting information used
	when the procedure was defined, such as continuation lines and
	extra spaces.

FULLTEXT procname

	outputs a representation of the procedure "procname" in which
	formatting information is preserved.  If the procedure was defined
	with TO, EDIT, or LOAD, then the output is a list of words.  Each
	word represents one entire line of the definition in the form
	output by READWORD, including extra spaces and continuation lines.
	The last member of the output represents the END line.  If the
	procedure was defined with DEFINE, then the output is a list of
	lists.  If these lists are printed, one per line, the result will
	look like a definition using TO.  Note: the output from FULLTEXT
	is not suitable for use as input to DEFINE!

COPYDEF newname oldname

	command.  Makes "newname" a procedure identical to "oldname".
	The latter may be a primitive.  If "newname" was already defined,
	its previous definition is lost.  If "newname" was already a
	primitive, the redefinition is not permitted unless the variable
	REDEFP has the value TRUE.

	Note: dialects of Logo differ as to the order of inputs to COPYDEF.
	This dialect uses "MAKE order," not "NAME order."


VARIABLE DEFINITION
-------------------

MAKE varname value

	command.  Assigns the value "value" to the variable named "varname",
	which must be a word.  Variable names are case-insensitive.  If a
	variable with the same name already exists, the value of that
	variable is changed.  If not, a new global variable is created.

NAME value varname					(library procedure)

	command.  Same as MAKE but with the inputs in reverse order.

LOCAL varname
LOCAL varnamelist
(LOCAL varname1 varname2 ...)

	command.  Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of
	words.  A variable is created for each of these words, with
	that word as its name.  The variables are local to the
	currently running procedure.  Logo variables follow dynamic
	scope rules; a variable that is local to a procedure is
	available to any subprocedure invoked by that procedure.
	The variables created by LOCAL have no initial value; they
	must be assigned a value (e.g., with MAKE) before the procedure
	attempts to read their value.

LOCALMAKE varname value				(library procedure)

	command.  Makes the named variable local, like LOCAL, and
	assigns it the given value, like MAKE.

THING varname
:quoted.varname

	outputs the value of the variable whose name is the input.
	If there is more than one such variable, the innermost local
	variable of that name is chosen.  The colon notation is an
	abbreviation not for THING but for the combination

				thing "

	so that :FOO means THING "FOO.

GLOBAL varname
GLOBAL varnamelist
(GLOBAL varname1 varname2 ...)

	command.  Accepts as inputs one or more words, or a list of
	words.  A global variable is created for each of these words, with
	that word as its name.  The only reason this is necessary is that
	you might want to use the "setter" notation SETXYZ for a variable
	XYZ that does not already have a value; GLOBAL "XYZ makes that legal.
	Note: If there is currently a local variable of the same name, this
	command does *not* make Logo use the global value instead of the
	local one.


PROPERTY LISTS
--------------

Note: Names of property lists are always case-insensitive.  Names of
individual properties are case-sensitive or case-insensitive depending
on the value of CASEIGNOREDP, which is TRUE by default.

In principle, every possible name is the name of a property list, which
is initially empty.  So Logo never gives a "no such property list" error,
as it would for undefined procedure or variable names.  But the primitive
procedures that deal with "all" property lists (CONTENTS, PLISTS, etc.)
list only nonempty ones.  To "erase" a property list (see ERASE below)
means to make it empty, removing all properties from it.

PPROP plistname propname value

	command.  Adds a property to the "plistname" property list
	with name "propname" and value "value".

GPROP plistname propname

	outputs the value of the "propname" property in the "plistname"
	property list, or the empty list if there is no such property.

REMPROP plistname propname

	command.  Removes the property named "propname" from the
	property list named "plistname".

PLIST plistname

	outputs a list whose odd-numbered members are the names, and
	whose even-numbered members are the values, of the properties
	in the property list named "plistname".  The output is a copy
	of the actual property list; changing properties later will not
	magically change a list output earlier by PLIST.


PREDICATES
----------

PROCEDUREP name
PROCEDURE? name

	outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a procedure.

PRIMITIVEP name
PRIMITIVE? name

	outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a primitive procedure
	(one built into Logo).  Note that some of the procedures
	described in this document are library procedures, not primitives.

DEFINEDP name
DEFINED? name

	outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a user-defined procedure,
	including a library procedure.

NAMEP name
NAME? name

	outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a variable.

PLISTP name
PLIST? name

	outputs TRUE if the input is the name of a *nonempty* property list.
	(In principle every word is the name of a property list; if you haven't
	put any properties in it, PLIST of that name outputs an empty list,
	rather than giving an error message.)


QUERIES
-------

Note:  All procedures whose input is indicated as "contentslist" will
accept a single word (taken as a procedure name), a list of words (taken
as names of procedures), or a list of three lists as described under
the CONTENTS command above.

CONTENTS

	outputs a "contents list," i.e., a list of three lists containing
	names of defined procedures, variables, and property lists
	respectively.  This list includes all unburied named items in
	the workspace.

BURIED

	outputs a contents list including all buried named items in
	the workspace.

TRACED

	outputs a contents list including all traced named items in
	the workspace.

STEPPED

	outputs a contents list including all stepped named items in
	the workspace.

PROCEDURES

	outputs a list of the names of all unburied user-defined procedures
	in the workspace.  Note that this is a list of names, not a
	contents list.  (However, procedures that require a contents list
	as input will accept this list.)

PRIMITIVES

	outputs a list of the names of all primitive procedures
	in the workspace.  Note that this is a list of names, not a
	contents list.  (However, procedures that require a contents list
	as input will accept this list.)

NAMES

	outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list (indicating
	no procedure names) followed by a list of all unburied variable
	names in the workspace.

PLISTS

	outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists (indicating
	no procedures or variables) followed by a list of all unburied
	nonempty property lists in the workspace.

NAMELIST varname					(library procedure)
NAMELIST varnamelist

	outputs a contents list consisting of an empty list followed by
	a list of the name or names given as input.  This is useful in
	conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents
	list as input.

PLLIST plname						(library procedure)
PLLIST plnamelist

	outputs a contents list consisting of two empty lists followed by
	a list of the name or names given as input.  This is useful in
	conjunction with workspace control procedures that require a contents
	list as input.

ARITY procedurename

	outputs a list of three numbers: the minimum, default, and maximum
	number of inputs for the procedure whose name is the input.  It is an
	error if there is no such procedure.  A maximum of -1 means that the
	number of inputs is unlimited.

NODES

	outputs a list of two numbers.  The first represents the number of
	nodes of memory currently in use.  The second shows the maximum
	number of nodes that have been in use at any time since the last
	invocation of NODES.  (A node is a small block of computer memory
	as used by Logo.  Each number uses one node.  Each non-numeric
	word uses one node, plus some non-node memory for the characters
	in the word.  Each array takes one node, plus some non-node
	memory, as well as the memory required by its elements.  Each
	list requires one node per element, as well as the memory within
	the elements.)  If you want to track the memory use of an
	algorithm, it is best if you invoke GC at the beginning of each
	iteration, since otherwise the maximum will include storage that
	is unused but not yet collected.


INSPECTION
----------

PRINTOUT contentslist
PO contentslist

	command.  Prints to the write stream the definitions of all
	procedures, variables, and property lists named in the input
	contents list.

POALL							(library procedure)

	command.  Prints all unburied definitions in the workspace.
	Abbreviates PO CONTENTS.

POPS							(library procedure)

	command.  Prints the definitions of all unburied procedures in
	the workspace.  Abbreviates PO PROCEDURES.

PONS							(library procedure)

	command.  Prints the definitions of all unburied variables in
	the workspace.  Abbreviates PO NAMES.

POPLS							(library procedure)

	command.  Prints the contents of all unburied nonempty property
	lists in the workspace.  Abbreviates PO PLISTS.

PON varname						(library procedure)
PON varnamelist

	command.  Prints the definitions of the named variable(s).
	Abbreviates PO NAMELIST varname(list).

POPL plname						(library procedure)
POPL plnamelist

	command.  Prints the definitions of the named property list(s).
	Abbreviates PO PLLIST plname(list).

POT contentslist

	command.  Prints the title lines of the named procedures and
	the definitions of the named variables and property lists.
	For property lists, the entire list is shown on one line
	instead of as a series of PPROP instructions as in PO.

POTS							(library procedure)

	command.  Prints the title lines of all unburied procedures
	in the workspace.  Abbreviates POT PROCEDURES.


WORKSPACE CONTROL
-----------------

ERASE contentslist
ER contentslist

	command.  Erases from the workspace the procedures, variables,
	and property lists named in the input.  Primitive procedures may
	not be erased unless the variable REDEFP has the value TRUE.

ERALL

	command.  Erases all unburied procedures, variables, and property
	lists from the workspace.  Abbreviates ERASE CONTENTS.

ERPS

	command.  Erases all unburied procedures from the workspace.
	Abbreviates ERASE PROCEDURES.

ERNS

	command.  Erases all unburied variables from the workspace.
	Abbreviates ERASE NAMES.

ERPLS

	command.  Erases all unburied property lists from the workspace.
	Abbreviates ERASE PLISTS.

ERN varname						(library procedure)
ERN varnamelist

	command.  Erases from the workspace the variable(s) named in the
	input.  Abbreviates ERASE NAMELIST varname(list).

ERPL plname						(library procedure)
ERPL plnamelist

	command.  Erases from the workspace the property list(s) named in the
	input.  Abbreviates ERASE PLLIST plname(list).

BURY contentslist

	command.  Buries the procedures, variables, and property lists
	named in the input.  A buried item is not included in the lists
	output by CONTENTS, PROCEDURES, VARIABLES, and PLISTS, but is
	included in the list output by BURIED.  By implication, buried
	things are not printed by POALL or saved by SAVE.

BURYALL							(library procedure)

	command.  Abbreviates BURY CONTENTS.

BURYNAME varname					(library procedure)
BURYNAME varnamelist

	command.  Abbreviates BURY NAMELIST varname(list).

UNBURY contentslist

	command.  Unburies the procedures, variables, and property lists
	named in the input.  That is, the named items will be returned to
	view in CONTENTS, etc.

UNBURYALL						(library procedure)

	command.  Abbreviates UNBURY BURIED.

UNBURYNAME varname					(library procedure)
UNBURYNAME varnamelist

	command.  Abbreviates UNBURY NAMELIST varname(list).

BURIEDP contentslist
BURIED? contentslist

	outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named
	in the contents list is buried, FALSE if not.  Only the first thing in
	the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input,
	naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can
	BURIEDP [[] [VARIABLE]] or BURIEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]].

TRACE contentslist

	command.  Marks the named items for tracing.  A message is printed
	whenever a traced procedure is invoked, giving the actual input
	values, and whenever a traced procedure STOPs or OUTPUTs.  A
	message is printed whenever a new value is assigned to a traced
	variable using MAKE.  A message is printed whenever a new property
	is given to a traced property list using PPROP.

UNTRACE contentslist

	command.  Turns off tracing for the named items.

TRACEDP contentslist
TRACED? contentslist

	outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named
	in the contents list is traced, FALSE if not.  Only the first thing in
	the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as input,
	naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you can
	TRACEDP [[] [VARIABLE]] or TRACEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]].

STEP contentslist

	command.  Marks the named items for stepping.  Whenever a stepped
	procedure is invoked, each instruction line in the procedure body
	is printed before being executed, and Logo waits for the user to
	type a newline at the terminal.  A message is printed whenever a
	stepped variable name is "shadowed" because a local variable of
	the same name is created either as a procedure input or by the
	LOCAL command.

UNSTEP contentslist

	command.  Turns off stepping for the named items.

STEPPEDP contentslist
STEPPED? contentslist

	outputs TRUE if the first procedure, variable, or property list named
	in the contents list is stepped, FALSE if not.  Only the first thing
	in the list is tested; the most common use will be with a word as
	input, naming a procedure, but a contents list is allowed so that you
	can STEPPEDP [[] [VARIABLE]] or STEPPEDP [[] [] [PROPLIST]].

EDIT contentslist
ED contentslist
(EDIT)
(ED)

	command.  If invoked with an input, EDIT writes the definitions
	of the named items into a temporary file and edits that file, using
	an editor that depends on the platform you're using.  In wxWidgets,
	and in the MacOS Classic version, there is an editor built into Logo.
	In the non-wxWidgets versions for Unix, MacOS X, Windows, and DOS,
	Logo uses your favorite editor as determined by the EDITOR environment
	variable.  If you don't have an EDITOR variable, edits the
	definitions using jove.  If invoked without an input, EDIT edits
	the same file left over from a previous EDIT or EDITFILE instruction.
	When you leave the editor, Logo reads the revised definitions and
	modifies the workspace accordingly.  It is not an error if the
	input includes names for which there is no previous definition.

	If there is a variable LOADNOISILY whose value is TRUE, then, after
	leaving the editor, TO commands in the temporary file print "PROCNAME
	defined" (where PROCNAME is the name of the procedure being defined);
	if LOADNOISILY is FALSE or undefined, TO commands in the file are
	carried out silently.

	If there is an environment variable called TEMP, then Logo uses
	its value as the directory in which to write the temporary file
	used for editing.

	Exceptionally, the EDIT command can be used without its default
	input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on
	the instruction line.

EDITFILE filename

	command.  Starts the Logo editor, like EDIT, but instead of editing
	a temporary file it edits the file specified by the input.  When you
	leave the editor, Logo reads the revised file, as for EDIT.
	EDITFILE also remembers the filename, so that a subsequent EDIT
	command with no input will re-edit the same file.

	EDITFILE is intended as an alternative to LOAD and SAVE.  You can
	maintain a workspace file yourself, controlling the order in which
	definitions appear, maintaining comments in the file, and so on.

EDALL							(library procedure)

	command.  Abbreviates EDIT CONTENTS.

EDPS							(library procedure)

	command.  Abbreviates EDIT PROCEDURES.

EDNS							(library procedure)

	command.  Abbreviates EDIT NAMES.

EDPLS							(library procedure)

	command.  Abbreviates EDIT PLISTS.

EDN varname						(library procedure)
EDN varnamelist

	command.  Abbreviates EDIT NAMELIST varname(list).

EDPL plname						(library procedure)
EDPL plnamelist

	command.  Abbreviates EDIT PLLIST plname(list).

SAVE filename

	command.  Saves the definitions of all unburied procedures,
	variables, and nonempty property lists in the named file.
	Equivalent to

			to save :filename
			local "oldwriter
			make "oldwriter writer
			openwrite :filename
			setwrite :filename
			poall
			setwrite :oldwriter
			close :filename
			end

	Exceptionally, SAVE can be used with no input and without parentheses
	if it is the last thing on the command line.  In this case, the
	filename from the most recent LOAD or SAVE command will be used.  (It
	is an error if there has been no previous LOAD or SAVE.)

SAVEL contentslist filename				(library procedure)

	command.  Saves the definitions of the procedures, variables, and
	property lists specified by "contentslist" to the file named
	"filename".

LOAD filename

	command.  Reads instructions from the named file and executes
	them.  The file can include procedure definitions with TO, and
	these are accepted even if a procedure by the same name already
	exists.  If the file assigns a list value to a variable named
	STARTUP, then that list is run as an instructionlist after the
	file is loaded.  If there is a variable LOADNOISILY whose value
	is TRUE, then TO commands in the file print "PROCNAME defined"
	(where PROCNAME is the name of the procedure being defined); if
	LOADNOISILY is FALSE or undefined, TO commands in the file are
	carried out silently.

CSLSLOAD name

	command.  Loads the named file, like LOAD, but from the directory
	containing the Computer Science Logo Style programs instead of the
	current user's directory.

HELP name
(HELP)

	command.  Prints information from the reference manual about
	the primitive procedure named by the input.  With no input,
	lists all the primitives about which help is available.
	If there is an environment variable LOGOHELP, then its value
	is taken as the directory in which to look for help files,
	instead of the default help directory.

	If HELP is called with the name of a defined procedure for which there
	is no help file, it will print the title line of the procedure
	followed by lines from the procedure body that start with semicolon,
	stopping when a non-semicolon line is seen.

	Exceptionally, the HELP command can be used without its default
	input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on
	the instruction line.

SETEDITOR path

	command.  Tells Logo to use the specified program as its editor
	instead of the default editor.  The format of a path depends on your
	operating system.

SETLIBLOC path

	command.  Tells Logo to use the specified directory as its library
	instead of the default.  (Note that many Logo "primitive" procedures
	are actually found in the library, so they may become unavailable if
	your new library does not include them!)  The format of a path depends
	on your operating system.

SETHELPLOC path

	command.  Tells Logo to look in the specified directory for the
	information provided by the HELP command, instead of the default
	directory.  The format of a path depends on your operating system.

SETCSLSLOC path

	command.  Tells Logo to use the specified directory for the CSLSLOAD
	command, instead of the default directory.  The format of a path
	depends on your operating system.

SETTEMPLOC path

	command.  Tells Logo to write editor temporary files in the specified
	directory rather than in the default directory.  You must have write
	permission for this directory.  The format of a path depends on your
	operating system.

GC
(GC anything)

	command.  Runs the garbage collector, reclaiming unused nodes.  Logo
	does this when necessary anyway, but you may want to use this
	command to control exactly when Logo does it.  In particular, the
	numbers output by the NODES operation will not be very meaningful
	unless garbage has been collected.  Another reason to use GC is that
	a garbage collection takes a noticeable fraction of a second, and you
	may want to schedule collections for times before or after some
	time-critical animation.  If invoked with an input (of any value),
	GC runs a full garbage collection, including GCTWA (Garbage Collect
	Truly Worthless Atoms, which means that it removes from Logo's
	memory words that used to be procedure or variable names but aren't
	any more); without an input, GC does a generational garbage
	collection, which means that only recently created nodes are
	examined.  (The latter is usually good enough.)

.SETSEGMENTSIZE num

	command.  Sets the number of nodes that Logo allocates from the
	operating system at once to num, which must be a positive integer.
	The name is dotted because bad things will happen if you use a
	number that's too small or too large for your computer.  The
	initial value is 16,000 for most systems, but is smaller for
	68000-based Macs.  Making it larger will speed up computations
	(by reducing the number of garbage collections) at the cost of
	allocating more memory than necessary.


CONTROL STRUCTURES
==================

Note: in the following descriptions, an "instructionlist" can be a list
or a word.  In the latter case, the word is parsed into list form before
it is run.  Thus, RUN READWORD or RUN READLIST will work.  The former is
slightly preferable because it allows for a continued line (with ~) that
includes a comment (with ;) on the first line.

A "tf" input must be the word TRUE, the word FALSE, or a list.  If it's a
list, then it must be a Logo expression, which will be evaluated to produce
a value that must be TRUE or FALSE.  The comparisons with TRUE and FALSE
are always case-insensitive.

A runlist can consist of either a single expression (that produces a value)
or zero or more instructions (that do something, rather than output a value),
depending on the context:

	PRINT IFELSE :X<0 ["NEGATIVE] ["POSITIVE]  ; one value in each case
	REPEAT 4 [PRINT "A PRINT "B]  ; two instructions


RUN instructionlist

	command or operation.  Runs the Logo instructions in the input
	list; outputs if the list contains an expression that outputs.

RUNRESULT instructionlist

	runs the instructions in the input; outputs an empty list if
	those instructions produce no output, or a list whose only
	member is the output from running the input instructionlist.
	Useful for inventing command-or-operation control structures:

		local "result
		make "result runresult [something]
		if emptyp :result [stop]
		output first :result

REPEAT num instructionlist

	command.  Runs the "instructionlist" repeatedly, "num" times.

FOREVER instructionlist

	command.  Runs the "instructionlist" repeatedly, until something
	inside the instructionlist (such as STOP or THROW) makes it stop.

REPCOUNT

	outputs the repetition count of the innermost current REPEAT or
	FOREVER, starting from 1.  If no REPEAT or FOREVER is active,
	outputs -1.

	The abbreviation # can be used for REPCOUNT unless the REPEAT is
	inside the template input to a higher order procedure such as
	FOREACH, in which case # has a different meaning.

IF tf instructionlist
(IF tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2)

	command.  If the first input has the value TRUE, then IF runs
	the second input.  If the first input has the value FALSE, then
	IF does nothing.  (If given a third input, IF acts like IFELSE,
	as described below.)  It is an error if the first input is not
	either TRUE or FALSE.

	For compatibility with earlier versions of Logo, if an IF
	instruction is not enclosed in parentheses, but the first thing
	on the instruction line after the second input expression is a
	literal list (i.e., a list in square brackets), the IF is
	treated as if it were IFELSE, but a warning message is given.
	If this aberrant IF appears in a procedure body, the warning is
	given only the first time the procedure is invoked in each Logo
	session.

IFELSE tf instructionlist1 instructionlist2

	command or operation.  If the first input has the value TRUE, then
	IFELSE runs the second input.  If the first input has the value FALSE,
	then IFELSE runs the third input.  IFELSE outputs a value if the
	instructionlist contains an expression that outputs a value.

TEST tf

	command.  Remembers its input, which must be TRUE or FALSE, for use
	by later IFTRUE or IFFALSE instructions.  The effect of TEST is local
	to the procedure in which it is used; any corresponding IFTRUE or
	IFFALSE must be in the same procedure or a subprocedure.

IFTRUE instructionlist
IFT instructionlist

	command.  Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had
	a TRUE input.  The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a
	superprocedure.

IFFALSE instructionlist
IFF instructionlist

	command.  Runs its input if the most recent TEST instruction had
	a FALSE input.  The TEST must have been in the same procedure or a
	superprocedure.

STOP

	command.  Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears.
	Control is returned to the context in which that procedure was
	invoked.  The stopped procedure does not output a value.

OUTPUT value
OP value

	command.  Ends the running of the procedure in which it appears.
	That procedure outputs the value "value" to the context in which
	it was invoked.  Don't be confused: OUTPUT itself is a command,
	but the procedure that invokes OUTPUT is an operation.

CATCH tag instructionlist

	command or operation.  Runs its second input.  Outputs if that
	instructionlist outputs.  If, while running the instructionlist,
	a THROW instruction is executed with a tag equal to the first
	input (case-insensitive comparison), then the running of the
	instructionlist is terminated immediately.  In this case the CATCH
	outputs if a value input is given to THROW.  The tag must be a word.

	If the tag is the word ERROR, then any error condition that arises
	during the running of the instructionlist has the effect of THROW
	"ERROR instead of printing an error message and returning to
	toplevel.  The CATCH does not output if an error is caught.  Also,
	during the running of the instructionlist, the variable ERRACT is
	temporarily unbound.  (If there is an error while ERRACT has a
	value, that value is taken as an instructionlist to be run after
	printing the error message.  Typically the value of ERRACT, if any,
	is the list [PAUSE].)

THROW tag
(THROW tag value)

	command.  Must be used within the scope of a CATCH with an equal
	tag.  Ends the running of the instructionlist of the CATCH.  If
	THROW is used with only one input, the corresponding CATCH does
	not output a value.  If THROW is used with two inputs, the second
	provides an output for the CATCH.

	THROW "TOPLEVEL can be used to terminate all running procedures and
	interactive pauses, and return to the toplevel instruction prompt.
	Typing the system interrupt character (alt-S for wxWidgets; otherwise
	normally control-C for Unix, control-Q for DOS, or command-period for
	Mac) has the same effect.

	THROW "ERROR can be used to generate an error condition.  If the
	error is not caught, it prints a message (THROW "ERROR) with the
	usual indication of where the error (in this case the THROW)
	occurred.  If a second input is used along with a tag of ERROR,
	that second input is used as the text of the error message
	instead of the standard message.  Also, in this case, the location
	indicated for the error will be, not the location of the THROW,
	but the location where the procedure containing the THROW was
	invoked.  This allows user-defined procedures to generate error
	messages as if they were primitives.  Note: in this case the
	corresponding CATCH "ERROR, if any, does not output, since the second
	input to THROW is not considered a return value.

	THROW "SYSTEM immediately leaves Logo, returning to the operating
	system, without printing the usual parting message and without
	deleting any editor temporary file written by EDIT.

ERROR

	outputs a list describing the error just caught, if any.  If there was
	not an error caught since the last use of ERROR, the empty list will
	be output.  The error list contains four members: an integer code
	corresponding to the type of error, the text of the error message (as
	a single word including spaces), the name of the procedure in which
	the error occurred, and the instruction line on which the error
	occurred.

PAUSE

	command or operation.  Enters an interactive pause.  The user is
	prompted for instructions, as at toplevel, but with a prompt that
	includes the name of the procedure in which PAUSE was invoked.
	Local variables of that procedure are available during the pause.
	PAUSE outputs if the pause is ended by a CONTINUE with an input.

	If the variable ERRACT exists, and an error condition occurs, the
	contents of that variable are run as an instructionlist.  Typically
	ERRACT is given the value [PAUSE] so that an interactive pause will
	be entered in the event of an error.  This allows the user to check
	values of local variables at the time of the error.

	Typing the system quit character (alt-S for wxWidgets; otherwise
	normally control-\ for Unix, control-W for DOS, or command-comma for
	Mac) will also enter a pause.

CONTINUE value
CO value
(CONTINUE)
(CO)

	command.  Ends the current interactive pause, returning to the
	context of the PAUSE invocation that began it.  If CONTINUE is
	given an input, that value is used as the output from the PAUSE.
	If not, the PAUSE does not output.

	Exceptionally, the CONTINUE command can be used without its default
	input and without parentheses provided that nothing follows it on
	the instruction line.

WAIT time

	command.  Delays further execution for "time" 60ths of a second.
	Also causes any buffered characters destined for the terminal to
	be printed immediately.  WAIT 0 can be used to achieve this
	buffer flushing without actually waiting.

BYE

	command.  Exits from Logo; returns to the operating system.

.MAYBEOUTPUT value					(special form)

	works like OUTPUT except that the expression that provides the
	input value might not, in fact, output a value, in which case
	the effect is like STOP.  This is intended for use in control
	structure definitions, for cases in which you don't know whether
	or not some expression produces a value.  Example:

		to invoke :function [:inputs] 2
		.maybeoutput apply :function :inputs
		end

		? (invoke "print "a "b "c)
		a b c
		? print (invoke "word "a "b "c)
		abc

	This is an alternative to RUNRESULT.  It's fast and easy to use,
	at the cost of being an exception to Logo's evaluation rules.
	(Ordinarily, it should be an error if the expression that's
	supposed to provide an input to something doesn't have a value.)

GOTO word

	command.  Looks for a TAG command with the same input in the same
	procedure, and continues running the procedure from the location of
	that TAG.  It is meaningless to use GOTO outside of a procedure.

TAG quoted.word

	command.  Does nothing.  The input must be a literal word following
	a quotation mark ("), not the result of a computation.  Tags are
	used by the GOTO command.

IGNORE value						(library procedure)

	command.  Does nothing.  Used when an expression is evaluated for
	a side effect and its actual value is unimportant.

` list							(library procedure)

	outputs a list equal to its input but with certain substitutions.
	If a member of the input list is the word "," (comma) then the
	following member should be an instructionlist that produces an
	output when run.  That output value replaces the comma and the
	instructionlist.  If a member of the input list is the word ",@"
	(comma atsign) then the following member should be an instructionlist
	that outputs a list when run.  The members of that list replace the
	,@ and the instructionlist.  Example:

		show `[foo baz ,[bf [a b c]] garply ,@[bf [a b c]]]

	will print

		[foo baz [b c] garply b c]

	A word starting with , or ,@ is treated as if the rest of the word
	were a one-word list, e.g., ,:FOO is equivalent to ,[:FOO].

	A word starting with ", (quote comma) or :, (colon comma) becomes a
	word starting with " or : but with the result of running the
	substitution (or its first word, if the result is a list) replacing
	what comes after the comma.

	Backquotes can be nested.  Substitution is done only for commas at
	the same depth as the backquote in which they are found:

		? show `[a `[b ,[1+2] ,[foo ,[1+3] d] e] f]
		[a ` [b , [1+2] , [foo 4 d] e] f]

		?make "name1 "x
		?make "name2 "y
		? show `[a `[b ,:,:name1 ,",:name2 d] e]
		[a ` [b , [:x] , ["y] d] e]

FOR forcontrol instructionlist				(library procedure)

	command.  The first input must be a list containing three or four
	members: (1) a word, which will be used as the name of a local
	variable; (2) a word or list that will be evaluated as by RUN to
	determine a number, the starting value of the variable; (3) a word
	or list that will be evaluated to determine a number, the limit value
	of the variable; (4) an optional word or list that will be evaluated
	to determine the step size.  If the fourth member is missing, the
	step size will be 1 or -1 depending on whether the limit value is
	greater than or less than the starting value, respectively.

	The second input is an instructionlist.  The effect of FOR is to run
	that instructionlist repeatedly, assigning a new value to the control
	variable (the one named by the first member of the forcontrol list)
	each time.  First the starting value is assigned to the control
	variable.  Then the value is compared to the limit value.  FOR is
	complete when the sign of (current - limit) is the same as the sign
	of the step size.  (If no explicit step size is provided, the
	instructionlist is always run at least once.  An explicit step size
	can lead to a zero-trip FOR, e.g., FOR [I 1 0 1] ...)  Otherwise, the
	instructionlist is run, then the step is added to the current value
	of the control variable and FOR returns to the comparison step.

		? for [i 2 7 1.5] [print :i]
		2
		3.5
		5
		6.5
		?

DO.WHILE instructionlist tfexpression			(library procedure)

	command.  Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the
	evaluated "tfexpression" remains TRUE.  Evaluates the first input
	first, so the "instructionlist" is always run at least once.  The
	"tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated
	is TRUE or FALSE.

WHILE tfexpression instructionlist			(library procedure)

	command.  Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the
	evaluated "tfexpression" remains TRUE.  Evaluates the first input
	first, so the "instructionlist" may never be run at all.  The
	"tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated
	is TRUE or FALSE.

DO.UNTIL instructionlist tfexpression			(library procedure)

	command.  Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the
	evaluated "tfexpression" remains FALSE.  Evaluates the first input
	first, so the "instructionlist" is always run at least once.  The
	"tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated
	is TRUE or FALSE.

UNTIL tfexpression instructionlist			(library procedure)

	command.  Repeatedly evaluates the "instructionlist" as long as the
	evaluated "tfexpression" remains FALSE.  Evaluates the first input
	first, so the "instructionlist" may never be run at all.  The
	"tfexpression" must be an expressionlist whose value when evaluated
	is TRUE or FALSE.

CASE value clauses					(library procedure)

	command or operation.  The second input is a list of lists (clauses);
	each clause is a list whose first element is either a list of values
	or the word ELSE and whose butfirst is a Logo expression or
	instruction.  CASE examines the clauses in order.  If a clause begins
	with the word ELSE (upper or lower case), then the butfirst of that
	clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if any.  If the first
	input to CASE is a member of the first element of a clause, then the
	butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if
	any.  If neither of these conditions is met, then CASE goes on to the
	next clause.  If no clause is satisfied, CASE does nothing.  Example:

		to vowelp :letter
		output case :letter [ [[a e i o u] "true] [else "false] ]
		end

COND clauses						(library procedure)

	command or operation.  The input is a list of lists (clauses); each
	clause is a list whose first element is either an expression whose
	value is TRUE or FALSE, or the word ELSE, and whose butfirst is a Logo
	expression or instruction.  COND examines the clauses in order.  If a
	clause begins with the word ELSE (upper or lower case), then the
	butfirst of that clause is evaluated and CASE outputs its value, if
	any.  Otherwise, the first element of the clause is evaluated; the
	resulting value must be TRUE or FALSE.  If it's TRUE, then the
	butfirst of that clause is evaluated and COND outputs its value, if
	any.  If the value is FALSE, then COND goes on to the next clause.  If
	no clause is satisfied, COND does nothing.  Example:

		to evens :numbers	; select even numbers from a list
		op cond [ [[emptyp :numbers] []]
		          [[evenp first :numbers]  ; assuming EVENP is defined
		           fput first :numbers evens butfirst :numbers]
		          [else evens butfirst :numbers] ]
		end


TEMPLATE-BASED ITERATION
------------------------

The procedures in this section are iteration tools based on the idea of a
"template."  This is a generalization of an instruction list or an
expression list in which "slots" are provided for the tool to insert varying
data.  Four different forms of template can be used.

The most commonly used form for a template is "explicit-slot" form, or
"question mark" form.  Example:

	? show map [? * ?] [2 3 4 5]
	[4 9 16 25]
	?

In this example, the MAP tool evaluated the template [? * ?] repeatedly,
with each of the members of the data list [2 3 4 5] substituted in turn
for the question marks.  The same value was used for every question mark
in a given evaluation.  Some tools allow for more than one datum to be
substituted in parallel; in these cases the slots are indicated by ?1 for
the first datum, ?2 for the second, and so on:

	? show (map [(word ?1 ?2 ?1)] [a b c] [d e f])
	[ada beb cfc]
	?

If the template wishes to compute the datum number, the form (? 1) is
equivalent to ?1, so (? ?1) means the datum whose number is given in
datum number 1.  Some tools allow additional slot designations, as shown
in the individual descriptions.

The second form of template is the "named-procedure" form.  If the template
is a word rather than a list, it is taken as the name of a procedure.  That
procedure must accept a number of inputs equal to the number of parallel
data slots provided by the tool; the procedure is applied to all of the
available data in order.  That is, if data ?1 through ?3 are available,
the template "PROC is equivalent to [PROC ?1 ?2 ?3].

	? show (map "word [a b c] [d e f])
	[ad be cf]
	?

	to dotprod :a :b	; vector dot product
	op apply "sum (map "product :a :b)
	end

The third form of template is "named-slot" or "lambda" form.  This form is
indicated by a template list containing more than one member, whose first
member is itself a list.  The first member is taken as a list of names;
local variables are created with those names and given the available data
in order as their values.  The number of names must equal the number of
available data.  This form is needed primarily when one iteration tool must
be used within the template list of another, and the ? notation would be
ambiguous in the inner template.  Example:

	to matmul :m1 :m2 [:tm2 transpose :m2]	; multiply two matrices
	output map [[row] map [[col] dotprod :row :col] :tm2] :m1
	end

The fourth form is "procedure text" form, a variant of lambda form.  In this
form, the template list contains at least two members, all of which are
lists.  This is the form used by the DEFINE and TEXT primitives, and APPLY
accepts it so that the text of a defined procedure can be used as a template.

Note:  The fourth form of template is interpreted differently from the
others, in that Logo considers it to be an independent defined procedure
for the purposes of OUTPUT and STOP.  For example, the following two
instructions are identical:

	? print apply [[x] :x+3] [5]
	8
	? print apply [[x] [output :x+3]] [5]
	8

although the first instruction is in named-slot form and the second is
in procedure-text form.  The named-slot form can be understood as telling
Logo to evaluate the expression :x+3 in place of the entire invocation of
apply, with the variable x temporarily given the value 5.  The procedure-text
form can be understood as invoking the procedure

	to foo :x
	output :x+3
	end

with input 5, but without actually giving the procedure a name.  If
the use of OUTPUT were interchanged in these two examples, we'd get errors:

	? print apply [[x] output :x+3] [5]
	Can only use output inside a procedure
	? print apply [[x] [:x+3]] [5]
	You don't say what to do with 8

The named-slot form can be used with STOP or OUTPUT inside a procedure,
to stop the enclosing procedure.


The following iteration tools are extended versions of the ones in Appendix
B of the book _Computer_Science_Logo_Style,_Volume_3:_Advanced_Topics_ by
Brian Harvey [MIT Press, 1987].  The extensions are primarily to allow for
variable numbers of inputs.


APPLY template inputlist

	command or operation.  Runs the "template," filling its slots with
	the members of "inputlist."  The number of members in "inputlist"
	must be an acceptable number of slots for "template."  It is
	illegal to apply the primitive TO as a template, but anything else
	is okay.  APPLY outputs what "template" outputs, if anything.

INVOKE template input					(library procedure)
(INVOKE template input1 input2 ...)

	command or operation.  Exactly like APPLY except that the inputs
	are provided as separate expressions rather than in a list.

FOREACH data template					(library procedure)
(FOREACH data1 data2 ... template)

	command.  Evaluates the template list repeatedly, once for each
	member of the data list.  If more than one data list are given,
	each of them must be the same length.  (The data inputs can be
	words, in which case the template is evaluated once for each
	character.)

	In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the
	data input to the right of the member currently being used as
	the ? slot-filler.  That is, if the data input is [A B C D E]
	and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then
	?REST would be replaced by [C D E].  If multiple parallel slots
	are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc.

	In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data
	input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler.
	That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is
	being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced
	by 2.

MAP template data					(library procedure)
(MAP template data1 data2 ...)

	outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the data input,
	of the same length as that data input.  (If more than one data
	input are given, the output is of the same type as data1.)  Each
	member of the output is the result of evaluating the template
	list, filling the slots with the corresponding member(s) of the
	data input(s).  (All data inputs must be the same length.)  In the
	case of a word output, the results of the template evaluation must
	be words, and they are concatenated with WORD.

	In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the
	data input to the right of the member currently being used as
	the ? slot-filler.  That is, if the data input is [A B C D E]
	and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then
	?REST would be replaced by [C D E].  If multiple parallel slots
	are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc.

	In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data
	input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler.
	That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is
	being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced
	by 2.

MAP.SE template data					(library procedure)
(MAP.SE template data1 data2 ...)

	outputs a list formed by evaluating the template list repeatedly
	and concatenating the results using SENTENCE.  That is, the
	members of the output are the members of the results of the
	evaluations.  The output list might, therefore, be of a different
	length from that of the data input(s).  (If the result of an
	evaluation is the empty list, it contributes nothing to the final
	output.)  The data inputs may be words or lists.

	In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the
	data input to the right of the member currently being used as
	the ? slot-filler.  That is, if the data input is [A B C D E]
	and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then
	?REST would be replaced by [C D E].  If multiple parallel slots
	are used, then (?REST 1) goes with ?1, etc.

	In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data
	input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler.
	That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is
	being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced
	by 2.

FILTER tftemplate data					(library procedure)

	outputs a word or list, depending on the type of the data input,
	containing a subset of the members (for a list) or characters (for
	a word) of the input.  The template is evaluated once for each
	member or character of the data, and it must produce a TRUE or
	FALSE value.  If the value is TRUE, then the corresponding input
	constituent is included in the output.

		? print filter "vowelp "elephant
		eea
		?

	In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the
	data input to the right of the member currently being used as
	the ? slot-filler.  That is, if the data input is [A B C D E]
	and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then
	?REST would be replaced by [C D E].

	In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data
	input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler.
	That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is
	being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced
	by 2.

FIND tftemplate data					(library procedure)

	outputs the first constituent of the data input (the first member
	of a list, or the first character of a word) for which the value
	produced by evaluating the template with that consituent in its
	slot is TRUE.  If there is no such constituent, the empty list
	is output.

	In a template, the symbol ?REST represents the portion of the
	data input to the right of the member currently being used as
	the ? slot-filler.  That is, if the data input is [A B C D E]
	and the template is being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then
	?REST would be replaced by [C D E].

	In a template, the symbol # represents the position in the data
	input of the member currently being used as the ? slot-filler.
	That is, if the data input is [A B C D E] and the template is
	being evaluated with ? replaced by B, then # would be replaced
	by 2.

REDUCE template data					(library procedure)

	outputs the result of applying the template to accumulate the
	members of the data input.  The template must be a two-slot
	function.  Typically it is an associative function name like SUM.
	If the data input has only one constituent (member in a list or
	character in a word), the output is that consituent.  Otherwise,
	the template is first applied with ?1 filled with the next-to-last
	consitient and ?2 with the last constituent.  Then, if there are
	more constituents, the template is applied with ?1 filled with the
	next constituent to the left and ?2 with the result from the
	previous evaluation.  This process continues until all constituents
	have been used.  The data input may not be empty.

	Note: If the template is, like SUM, the name of a procedure that is
	capable of accepting arbitrarily many inputs, it is more efficient
	to use APPLY instead of REDUCE.  The latter is good for associative
	procedures that have been written to accept exactly two inputs:

		to max :a :b
		output ifelse :a > :b [:a] [:b]
		end

		print reduce "max [...]

	Alternatively, REDUCE can be used to write MAX as a procedure
	that accepts any number of inputs, as SUM does:

		to max [:inputs] 2
		if emptyp :inputs ~
		   [(throw "error [not enough inputs to max])]
		output reduce [ifelse ?1 > ?2 [?1] [?2]] :inputs
		end

CROSSMAP template listlist				(library procedure)
(CROSSMAP template data1 data2 ...)

	outputs a list containing the results of template evaluations.
	Each data list contributes to a slot in the template; the number
	of slots is equal to the number of data list inputs.  As a special
	case, if only one data list input is given, that list is taken as
	a list of data lists, and each of its members contributes values
	to a slot.  CROSSMAP differs from MAP in that instead of taking
	members from the data inputs in parallel, it takes all possible
	combinations of members of data inputs, which need not be the same
	length.

		? show (crossmap [word ?1 ?2] [a b c] [1 2 3 4])
		[a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 c1 c2 c3 c4]
		?

	For compatibility with the version in the first edition of CSLS,
	CROSSMAP templates may use the notation :1 instead of ?1 to indicate
	slots.

CASCADE endtest template startvalue			(library procedure)
(CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ...)
(CASCADE endtest tmp1 sv1 tmp2 sv2 ... finaltemplate)

	outputs the result of applying a template (or several templates,
	as explained below) repeatedly, with a given value filling the
	slot the first time, and the result of each application filling
	the slot for the following application.

	In the simplest case, CASCADE has three inputs.  The second input
	is a one-slot expression template.  That template is evaluated
	some number of times (perhaps zero).  On the first evaluation,
	the slot is filled with the third input; on subsequent evaluations,
	the slot is filled with the result of the previous evaluation.
	The number of evaluations is determined by the first input.  This
	can be either a nonnegative integer, in which case the template is
	evaluated that many times, or a predicate expression template, in
	which case it is evaluated (with the same slot filler that will be
	used for the evaluation of the second input) repeatedly, and the
	CASCADE evaluation continues as long as the predicate value is
	FALSE.  (In other words, the predicate template indicates the
	condition for stopping.)

	If the template is evaluated zero times, the output from CASCADE
	is the third (startvalue) input.  Otherwise, the output is the
	value produced by the last template evaluation.

	CASCADE templates may include the symbol # to represent the number
	of times the template has been evaluated.  This slot is filled with
	1 for the first evaluation, 2 for the second, and so on.

		? show cascade 5 [lput # ?] []
		[1 2 3 4 5]
		? show cascade [vowelp first ?] [bf ?] "spring
		ing
		? show cascade 5 [# * ?] 1
		120
		?

	Several cascaded results can be computed in parallel by providing
	additional template-startvalue pairs as inputs to CASCADE.  In this
	case, all templates (including the endtest template, if used) are
	multi-slot, with the number of slots equal to the number of pairs of
	inputs.  In each round of evaluations, ?2, for example, represents the
	result of evaluating the second template in the previous round.  If
	the total number of inputs (including the first endtest input) is odd,
	then the output from CASCADE is the final value of the first template.
	If the total number of inputs is even, then the last input is a
	template that is evaluated once, after the end test is satisfied, to
	determine the output from CASCADE.

		to fibonacci :n
		output (cascade :n [?1 + ?2] 1 [?1] 0)
		end

		to piglatin :word
		output (cascade [vowelp first ?] ~
				[word bf ? first ?] ~
				:word ~
				[word ? "ay])
		end

CASCADE.2 endtest temp1 startval1 temp2 startval2	(library procedure)

	outputs the result of invoking CASCADE with the same inputs.
	The only difference is that the default number of inputs is
	five instead of three.

TRANSFER endtest template inbasket			(library procedure)

	outputs the result of repeated evaluation of the template.
	The template is evaluated once for each member of the list
	"inbasket."  TRANSFER maintains an "outbasket" that is
	initially the empty list.  After each evaluation of the
	template, the resulting value becomes the new outbasket.

	In the template, the symbol ?IN represents the current member
	from the inbasket; the symbol ?OUT represents the entire
	current outbasket.  Other slot symbols should not be used.

	If the first (endtest) input is an empty list, evaluation
	continues until all inbasket members have been used.  If not,
	the first input must be a predicate expression template, and
	evaluation continues until either that template's value is TRUE
	or the inbasket is used up.


MACROS
======

.MACRO procname :input1 :input2 ...				(special form)
.DEFMACRO procname text

	A macro is a special kind of procedure whose output is evaluated
	as Logo instructions in the context of the macro's caller.
	.MACRO is exactly like TO except that the new procedure becomes
	a macro; .DEFMACRO is exactly like DEFINE with the same exception.

	Macros are useful for inventing new control structures comparable
	to REPEAT, IF, and so on.  Such control structures can almost, but
	not quite, be duplicated by ordinary Logo procedures.  For example,
	here is an ordinary procedure version of REPEAT:

		to my.repeat :num :instructions
		if :num=0 [stop]
		run :instructions
		my.repeat :num-1 :instructions
		end

	This version works fine for most purposes, e.g.,

		my.repeat 5 [print "hello]

	But it doesn't work if the instructions to be carried out include
	OUTPUT, STOP, or LOCAL.  For example, consider this procedure:

		to example
		print [Guess my secret word.  You get three guesses.]
		repeat 3 [type "|?? | ~
			  if readword = "secret [pr "Right! stop]]
		print [Sorry, the word was "secret"!]
		end

	This procedure works as written, but if MY.REPEAT is used instead
	of REPEAT, it won't work because the STOP will stop MY.REPEAT
	instead of stopping EXAMPLE as desired.

	The solution is to make MY.REPEAT a macro.  Instead of actually
	carrying out the computation, a macro must return a list containing
	Logo instructions.  The contents of that list are evaluated as if
	they appeared in place of the call to the macro.  Here's a macro
	version of REPEAT:

		.macro my.repeat :num :instructions
		if :num=0 [output []]
		output sentence :instructions ~
				(list "my.repeat :num-1 :instructions)
		end

	Every macro is an operation -- it must always output something.
	Even in the base case, MY.REPEAT outputs an empty instruction
	list.  To show how MY.REPEAT works, let's take the example

		my.repeat 5 [print "hello]

	For this example, MY.REPEAT will output the instruction list

		[print "hello my.repeat 4 [print "hello]]

	Logo then executes these instructions in place of the original
	invocation of MY.REPEAT; this prints "hello" once and invokes
	another repetition.

	The technique just shown, although fairly easy to understand,
	has the defect of slowness because each repetition has to
	construct an instruction list for evaluation.  Another approach
	is to make MY.REPEAT a macro that works just like the non-macro
	version unless the instructions to be repeated include OUTPUT
	or STOP:

		.macro my.repeat :num :instructions
		catch "repeat.catchtag ~
		      [op repeat.done runresult [repeat1 :num :instructions]]
		op []
		end

		to repeat1 :num :instructions
		if :num=0 [throw "repeat.catchtag]
		run :instructions
		.maybeoutput repeat1 :num-1 :instructions
		end

		to repeat.done :repeat.result
		if emptyp :repeat.result [op [stop]]
		op list "output quoted first :repeat.result
		end

	If the instructions do not include STOP or OUTPUT, then REPEAT1 will
	reach its base case and invoke THROW.  As a result, MY.REPEAT's last
	instruction line will output an empty list, so the evaluation of the
	macro result by the caller will do nothing.  But if a STOP or OUTPUT
	happens, then REPEAT.DONE will output a STOP or OUTPUT instruction
	that will be executed in the caller's context.

	The macro-defining commands have names starting with a dot because
	macros are an advanced feature of Logo; it's easy to get in trouble
	by defining a macro that doesn't terminate, or by failing to
	construct the instruction list properly.

	Lisp users should note that Logo macros are NOT special forms.
	That is, the inputs to the macro are evaluated normally, as they
	would be for any other Logo procedure.  It's only the output from
	the macro that's handled unusually.

	Here's another example:

		.macro localmake :name :value
		output (list "local		~
			     word "" :name	~
			     "apply		~
			     ""make		~
			     (list :name :value))
		end

	It's used this way:

		to try
		localmake "garply "hello
		print :garply
		end

	LOCALMAKE outputs the list

		[local "garply apply "make [garply hello]]

	The reason for the use of APPLY is to avoid having to decide
	whether or not the second input to MAKE requires a quotation
	mark before it.  (In this case it would -- MAKE "GARPLY "HELLO --
	but the quotation mark would be wrong if the value were a list.)

	It's often convenient to use the ` function to construct the
	instruction list:

		.macro localmake :name :value
		op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]]
		end

	On the other hand, ` is pretty slow, since it's tree recursive and
	written in Logo.

MACROP name
MACRO? name

	outputs TRUE if its input is the name of a macro.

MACROEXPAND expr					(library procedure)

	takes as its input a Logo expression that invokes a macro (that is,
	one that begins with the name of a macro) and outputs the the Logo
	expression into which the macro would translate the input expression.


		.macro localmake :name :value
		op `[local ,[word "" :name] apply "make [,[:name] ,[:value]]]
		end

		? show macroexpand [localmake "pi 3.14159]
		[local "pi apply "make [pi 3.14159]]


ERROR PROCESSING
================

If an error occurs, Logo takes the following steps.  First, if there is
an available variable named ERRACT, Logo takes its value as an instructionlist
and runs the instructions.  The operation ERROR may be used within the
instructions (once) to examine the error condition.  If the instructionlist
invokes PAUSE, the error message is printed before the pause happens.
Certain errors are "recoverable"; for one of those errors, if the
instructionlist outputs a value, that value is used in place of the
expression that caused the error.  (If ERRACT invokes PAUSE and the user then
invokes CONTINUE with an input, that input becomes the output from PAUSE and
therefore the output from the ERRACT instructionlist.)

It is possible for an ERRACT instructionlist to produce an inappropriate value
or no value where one is needed.  As a result, the same error condition could
recur forever because of this mechanism.  To avoid that danger, if the same
error condition occurs twice in a row from an ERRACT instructionlist without
user interaction, the message "Erract loop" is printed and control returns
to toplevel.  "Without user interaction" means that if ERRACT invokes PAUSE and
the user provides an incorrect value, this loop prevention mechanism does not
take effect and the user gets to try again.

During the running of the ERRACT instructionlist, ERRACT is locally unbound,
so an error in the ERRACT instructions themselves will not cause a loop.  In
particular, an error during a pause will not cause a pause-within-a-pause
unless the user reassigns the value [PAUSE] to ERRACT during the pause.  But
such an error will not return to toplevel; it will remain within the original
pause loop.

If there is no available ERRACT value, Logo handles the error by generating
an internal THROW "ERROR.  (A user program can also generate an error
condition deliberately by invoking THROW.)  If this throw is not caught by
a CATCH "ERROR in the user program, it is eventually caught either by the
toplevel instruction loop or by a pause loop, which prints the error message.
An invocation of CATCH "ERROR in a user program locally unbinds ERRACT, so
the effect is that whichever of ERRACT and CATCH "ERROR is more local will
take precedence.

If a floating point overflow occurs during an arithmetic operation, or a
two-input mathematical function (like POWER) is invoked with an illegal
combination of inputs, the "doesn't like" message refers to the second
operand, but should be taken as meaning the combination.


ERROR CODES
-----------

Here are the numeric codes that appear as the first member of the list
output by ERROR when an error is caught, with the corresponding messages.
Some messages may have two different codes depending on whether or not
the error is recoverable (that is, a substitute value can be provided
through the ERRACT mechanism) in the specific context.  Some messages are
warnings rather than errors; these will not be caught.  Errors 0 and 32 are
so bad that Logo exits immediately.

  0	Fatal internal error (can't be caught)
  1	Out of memory
  2	Stack overflow
  3	Turtle out of bounds
  4	PROC doesn't like DATUM as input (not recoverable)
  5	PROC didn't output to PROC
  6	Not enough inputs to PROC
  7	PROC doesn't like DATUM as input (recoverable)
  8	Too much inside ()'s
  9	You don't say what to do with DATUM
 10	')' not found
 11	VAR has no value
 12	Unexpected ')'
 13	I don't know how to PROC (recoverable)
 14	Can't find catch tag for THROWTAG
 15	PROC is already defined
 16	Stopped
 17	Already dribbling
 18	File system error
 19	Assuming you mean IFELSE, not IF (warning only)
 20	VAR shadowed by local in procedure call (warning only)
 21	Throw "Error
 22	PROC is a primitive
 23	Can't use TO inside a procedure
 24	I don't know how to PROC (not recoverable)
 25	IFTRUE/IFFALSE without TEST
 26	Unexpected ']'
 27	Unexpected '}'
 28	Couldn't initialize graphics
 29	Macro returned VALUE instead of a list
 30	You don't say what to do with VALUE
 31	Can only use STOP or OUTPUT inside a procedure
 32	APPLY doesn't like BADTHING as input
 33	END inside multi-line instruction
 34	Really out of memory (can't be caught)
 35	user-generated error message (THROW "ERROR [message])
 36	END inside multi-line instruction
 37	Bad default expression for optional input: EXPR
 38	Can't use OUTPUT or STOP inside RUNRESULT
 39 	Assuming you meant 'FD 100', not FD100 (or similar)
 40	I can't open file FILENAME
 41	File FILENAME already open
 42	File FILENAME not open
 43	Runlist [EXPR EXPR] has more than one expression.


SPECIAL VARIABLES
=================

Logo takes special action if any of the following variable names exists.
They follow the normal scoping rules, so a procedure can locally set one of
them to limit the scope of its effect.  Initially, no variables exist except
for ALLOWGETSET, CASEIGNOREDP, and UNBURYONEDIT, which are TRUE and buried.

ALLOWGETSET						(variable)

	if TRUE, indicates that an attempt to use a procedure that doesn't
	exist should be taken as an implicit getter or setter procedure
	(setter if the first three letters of the name are SET) for a variable
	of the same name (without the SET if appropriate).

BUTTONACT						(variable)

	if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated
	whenever a mouse button is pressed.  Note that the user may have
	released the button before the instructions are evaluated.  BUTTON
	will still output which button was most recently pressed.  CLICKPOS
	will output the position of the mouse cursor at the moment the
	button was pressed; this may be different from MOUSEPOS if the
	user moves the mouse after clicking.

	Note that it's possible for the user to press a button during the
	evaluation of the instruction list.  If this would confuse your
	program, prevent it by temporarily setting BUTTONACT to the empty
	list.  One easy way to do that is the following:

		make "buttonact [button.action]

		to button.action [:buttonact []]
		... ; whatever you want the button to do
		end

CASEIGNOREDP						(variable)

	if TRUE, indicates that lower case and upper case letters should be
	considered equal by EQUALP, BEFOREP, MEMBERP, etc.  Logo initially
	makes this variable TRUE, and buries it.

COMMANDLINE						(variable)

	contains any text appearing after a hyphen on the command line
	used to start Logo.

ERRACT							(variable)

	an instructionlist that will be run in the event of an error.
	Typically has the value [PAUSE] to allow interactive debugging.

FULLPRINTP						(variable)

	if TRUE, then words that were created using backslash or vertical bar
	(to include characters that would otherwise not be treated as part of
	a word) are printed with the backslashes or vertical bars shown, so
	that the printed result could be re-read by Logo to produce the same
	value.  If FULLPRINTP is TRUE then the empty word (however it was
	created) prints as ||.  (Otherwise it prints as nothing at all.)

KEYACT							(variable)

	if nonempty, should be an instruction list that will be evaluated
	whenever a key is pressed on the keyboard.  The instruction list
	can use READCHAR to find out what key was pressed.  Note that only
	keys that produce characters qualify; pressing SHIFT or CONTROL
	alone will not cause KEYACT to be evaluated.

	Note that it's possible for the user to press a key during the
	evaluation of the instruction list.  If this would confuse your
	program, prevent it by temporarily setting KEYACT to the empty
	list.  One easy way to do that is the following:

		make "keyact [key.action]

		to key.action [:keyact []]
		... ; whatever you want the key to do
		end

LOADNOISILY						(variable)

	if TRUE, prints the names of procedures defined when loading
	from a file (including the temporary file made by EDIT).

PRINTDEPTHLIMIT						(variable)

	if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum depth of sublist
	structure that will be printed by PRINT, etc.

PRINTWIDTHLIMIT						(variable)

	if a nonnegative integer, indicates the maximum number of members
	in any one list that will be printed by PRINT, etc.

REDEFP							(variable)

	if TRUE, allows primitives to be erased (ERASE) or redefined (COPYDEF).

STARTUP							(variable)

	if assigned a list value in a file loaded by LOAD, that value is
	run as an instructionlist after the loading.

UNBURYONEDIT						(variable)

	if TRUE, causes any procedure defined during EDIT or LOAD to be
	unburied, so that it will be saved by a later SAVE.  Files that
	want to define and bury procedures must do it in that order.

USEALTERNATENAMES					(variable)

	if TRUE, causes Logo to generate non-English words (from the
	Messages file) instead of TRUE, FALSE, END, etc.


Logo provides the following buried variables that can be used by programs:

LOGOVERSION						(variable)

	a real number indicating the Logo version number, e.g., 5.5

LOGOPLATFORM						(variable)

	one of the following words: wxWidgets, X11, Windows, or
	Unix-Nographics.



INTERNATIONALIZATION
====================

Berkeley Logo has limited support for non-English-speaking users.
Alas, there is no Unicode support, and high-bit-on ASCII codes work in
some contexts but not others.

If you want to translate Berkeley Logo for use with another language,
there are three main things you have to do:
	1. Primitive names
	2. Error (and other) messages
	3. Documentation

For primitive names, the easiest thing is to provide a startup file that
defines aliases for the English primitive names, using COPYDEF:
	COPYDEF "AVANT "FORWARD
This should take care of it, unless your language's name for one primitive
is spelled like the English name of a different primitive.  In that case
you have to turn REDEFP on and be sure to copy the non-conflicting name
before overwriting the conflicting one!

"Primitives" that are actually in the Logo library, of course, can just
be replaced or augmented with native-language-named Logo procedures and
filenames.

Of course Logo programs will still not look like your native language if
the word order is dramatically different, especially if you don't put
verbs before their objects.

For error messages, there is a file named Messages in the logolib directory
with texts of messages, one per line.  You can replace this with a file for
your own language.  Do not add, delete, or reorder lines; Logo finds messages
by line number.  The sequences %p, %s, and %t in these messages represent
variable parts of the message and should not be translated.  (%p PRINTs
the variable part, while %s SHOWs it -- that is, the difference is about
whether or not brackets are shown surrounding a list.  %t means that the
variable part is a C text string rather than a Logo object.)  If you want to
change the order of two variable parts (no reorderable message has more than
two), you would for example replace the line
	%p doesn't like %s as input
with
	%+s is a lousy input to %p
The plus sign tells the message printer to reverse the order; you must
reverse the order of %p and %s, if both are used, to match.  The plus
sign goes just after the first percent sign in the message, which might
not be at the beginning of the line.  The sequence \n in a message
represents a newline; don't be fooled into thinking that the "n" is part
of the following word.

Some messages appear twice in the file; this isn't a mistake.  The two
spaces before "to" in "I don't know how  to" aren't a mistake either.
The message containing just "%p" is for user-provided error messages
in THROW "ERROR.  The message "  in %s\n%s" is the part of all error
messages that indicates where the error occurred if it was inside a
procedure; you might want to change the word "in" to your language.
"%s defined\n" is what LOAD prints for each procedure defined if
the variable LOADNOISILY is TRUE.  "to %p\nend\n\n" is what EDIT puts in the
temporary file if you ask to edit a procedure that isn't already defined.

Also in the Messages file are lines containing only one word each; the
first of these is the word "true".  Some of these words are recognized by
Logo in user input; some are generated by Logo; some are both.  For example,
the words TRUE and FALSE are recognized as Boolean values by IF and IFELSE,
and are also generated by Logo as outputs from the primitive predicates
such as EQUALP.  The word END is recognized as the end of a procedure
definition, and may be generated when Logo reconstructs a procedure body
for PO or EDIT.  I've used capital letters in this paragraph for easier
reading, but the words in the Messages file should be in lower case.

If you replace these with non-English words, Logo will *recognize* both the
English names and your alternate names.  For example, if you replace the
word "true" with "vrai" then Logo will understand both of these:
	IF "TRUE [PRINT "YES]
	IF "VRAI [PRINT "YES]

The variable UseAlternateNames determines whether Logo will *generate*
other-language names -- for example, whether predicate functions return
the other-language alternates for TRUE and FALSE.  This variable is FALSE by
default, meaning that the English words will be generated.

You might wish to have English-named predicate functions generate English TRUE
and FALSE, while other-language-named predicates generate the alternate
words.  This can be done by leaving UseAlternateNames false, and instead of
defining the other-language predicates with COPYDEF, do it this way:

	to french.boolean :bool
	if equalp :bool "true [output "vrai]
	if equalp :bool "false [output "faux]
	output :bool	; shouldn't happen
	end

	to make.french.predicate :french :english :arity
	define :french `[[[inputs] ,[:arity]]
	                 [output french.boolean
				    apply ,[word "" :english] :inputs]]
	end

	? make.french.predicate "egal? "equal? 2
	? pr egal? 3 4
	faux
	? pr egal? 4 4
	vrai
	? pr equal? 3 4
	false
	? pr equal? 4 4
	true

The third input to make.french.predicate is the number of inputs that the
predicate expects.  This solution isn't quite perfect because the infix
predicates (=, <, >) will still output in English.  If you want them to
generate alternate-language words, set UseAlternateNames to TRUE instead.

Some of the words in this section of the Messages file are names of Logo
primitives (OUTPUT, STOP, GOTO, TAG, IF, IFELSE, TO, .MACRO).  To translate
these names, you must use COPYDEF as described earlier, in addition to
changing the names in Messages.  You should be consistent in these two steps.
Don't forget the period in ".macro"!

For documentation, there are two kinds: this manual and the help files.
The latter are generated automatically from this manual if you have a
Unix system, so in that case you need only translate this manual,
maintaining the format.  (The automatic helpfile generator notices
things like capital letters, tabs, hyphens, and equal signs at the
beginnings of lines.)  The program makehelp.c may require modification
because a few of the primitive names are special cases (e.g., LOG10 is
the only name with digits included).

If you don't have Unix tools, you can just translate each helpfile
individually.  A period in a primitive name is represented as a D in
the filename; there are no files for question marks because the HELP
command looks for the file named after the corresponding primitive
that ends in P.
ucblogo-6.1/term.c0000664000175000017500000001555413575571772012262 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *	term.c		terminal cursor control			dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif

#ifdef mac
#include 
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include 
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#undef TRUE
#undef FALSE

#ifdef HAVE_TERMCAP_H
#include 
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_TERMLIB_H
#include 
#else
#ifdef HAVE_CURSES_H
#include 
#endif
#endif
#endif

#undef TRUE
#undef FALSE

#define FALSE	0
#define TRUE	1

int x_coord, y_coord, x_max, y_max;

char PC;
char *BC;
char *UP;
/* short ospeed; */
char bp[1024];
char cl_arr[40];
char cm_arr[40];
char so_arr[40];
char se_arr[40];

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
struct termio tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
struct sgttyb tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;
#endif
#endif

int interactive, tty_charmode;

extern char **environ, *tgoto(), *tgetstr();

char *termcap_ptr;

int termcap_putter(char ch) {
    *termcap_ptr++ = ch;
    return 0;
}

#ifdef unix
void termcap_getter(char *cap, char *buf) {
    char temp[40];
    char *str;
    char *temp_ptr = temp;

    termcap_ptr = buf;
    str=tgetstr(cap,&temp_ptr);
    /* if (str == NULL) str = temp; */
    tputs(str,1,termcap_putter);
}
#endif

void term_init(void) {
#ifdef unix
    char *emacs; /* emacs change */
    int term_sg;
    int tgetent_result;
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
    interactive = 1;
#else
    interactive = isatty(0);
#endif

#ifdef mac
    term_init_mac();
    return;
#else
#ifdef ibm
#ifndef WIN32
    term_init_ibm();
#endif /* WIN32 */
#else
    if (interactive) {
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
	ioctl(0,TCGETA,(char *)(&tty_cooked));
	tty_cbreak = tty_cooked;
	tty_cbreak.c_cc[VMIN] = '\01';
	tty_cbreak.c_cc[VTIME] = '\0';
	tty_cbreak.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ICANON);
#else
	ioctl(0,TIOCGETP,(char *)(&tty_cooked));
	tty_cbreak = tty_cooked;
	tty_cbreak.sg_flags |= CBREAK;
	tty_cbreak.sg_flags &= ~ECHO;
#endif
    }
    tty_charmode = 0;

    /* The following section assumes
     * x_max, y_max, cm_arr, cl_arr, so_arr, se_arr
     * are preinitialized to 0 */

    /* query terminal information from termcap database, if available */
    tgetent_result = tgetent(bp, getenv("TERM"));
    if (tgetent_result == 1) {
      x_max = tgetnum("co");
      y_max = tgetnum("li");

      term_sg = tgetnum("sg");

      x_coord = y_coord = 0;
      termcap_getter("cm", cm_arr);
      termcap_getter("cl", cl_arr);

      if (term_sg <= 0) {
          termcap_getter("so", so_arr);
          termcap_getter("se", se_arr);
      } else { /* no standout modes */
	so_arr[0] = se_arr[0] = '\0';
      }
    }
    
    /* emacs detection */
    emacs = getenv("EMACS");
    if (emacs && *emacs == 't') { /* started from emacs */
      emacs = getenv("EMACS");
      emacs = getenv("COLUMNS");
      if (!emacs) x_max = 0;
      else x_max = atoi(emacs);
      emacs = getenv("LINES");
      if (!emacs) y_max = 0;
      else y_max = atoi(emacs);
    }
    /* end emacs detection */

    /* if we still don't know our size, set some defaults */
    if (x_max <= 0) x_max = 80;
    if (y_max <= 0) y_max = 24;

#endif
#endif
}

void charmode_on() {
#ifdef unix
    if ((readstream == stdin) && interactive && !tty_charmode) {
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
	ioctl(0,TCSETA,(char *)(&tty_cbreak));
#else /* !HAVE_TERMIO_H */
	ioctl(0,TIOCSETP,(char *)(&tty_cbreak));
#endif /* HAVE_TERMIO_H */
	tty_charmode++;
    }
#endif /* unix */
#ifdef WIN32
    win32_charmode_on();
#endif
}

void charmode_off() {
#ifdef unix
    if (tty_charmode) {
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
	ioctl(0,TCSETA,(char *)(&tty_cooked));
#else /* !HAVE_TERMIO_H */
	ioctl(0,TIOCSETP,(char *)(&tty_cooked));
#endif /* HAVE_TERMIO_H */
	tty_charmode = 0;
    }
#endif /* unix */
#ifdef WIN32
    win32_charmode_off();
#endif
}

NODE *lcleartext(NODE *args) {
#ifdef mac
    cgotoxy(x_margin + 1, y_margin + 1, stdout);
    ccleos(stdout);
#else
#ifdef ibm
#ifndef WIN32 /* sowings */
    ibm_clear_text();
    ibm_gotoxy(x_margin, y_margin);
#else /* WIN32 */
    win32_clear_text();
#endif /* WIN32 || !Win32 */
#else /* !ibm */
    printf("%s", cl_arr);
    printf("%s", tgoto(cm_arr, x_margin, y_margin));
#endif /* ibm */
#endif /* mac */

#ifdef WIN32
	win32_update_text();
#else
	fflush(stdout); /* do it now! */
#endif
	fix_turtle_shownness();
#if defined(__RZTC__)
	zflush();
#endif

    x_coord = x_margin;
    y_coord = y_margin;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lcursor(NODE *args) {
    return(cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(x_coord-x_margin)),
		cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(y_coord-y_margin)), NIL)));
}

NODE *lsetcursor(NODE *args) {
	fix_turtle_shownness();
#ifdef WIN32
    return (win32_lsetcursor(args));
#else /* !win32 */
    NODE *arg;

    arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	x_coord = x_margin + getint(car(arg));
	y_coord = y_margin + getint(cadr(arg));
	while ((x_coord >= x_max || y_coord >= y_max) && NOT_THROWING) {
	    setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
		x_coord = x_margin + getint(car(arg));
		y_coord = y_margin + getint(cadr(arg));
	    }
	}
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
#ifdef mac
	mac_gotoxy(x_coord, y_coord);
#else
#ifdef ibm
	ibm_gotoxy(x_coord, y_coord);
#else
	printf("%s", tgoto(cm_arr, x_coord, y_coord));
#endif
#endif
	fflush(stdout);
#ifdef __RZTC__
	zflush();
#endif
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
#endif /* !win32 (for non-windows version of this code) */
}

NODE *lsetmargins(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	x_margin = getint(car(arg));
	y_margin = getint(cadr(arg));
	lcleartext(NIL);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lstandout(NODE *args) {
    char textbuf[300];
    char fmtbuf[100];
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    sprintf(fmtbuf,"%s%%p%s",so_arr,se_arr);
    print_stringptr = textbuf;
    print_stringlen = 300;
    ndprintf((FILE *)NULL,fmtbuf,car(args));
    *print_stringptr = '\0';
    print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
    print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    return(make_strnode(textbuf,NULL,(int)strlen(textbuf),STRING,strnzcpy));
}
ucblogo-6.1/print.c0000664000175000017500000002365013575571772012443 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      print.c         logo printing module                    dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 

int print_stringlen;
char *print_stringptr;
int force_printwidth = -1, force_printdepth = -1;
int x_margin=0, y_margin=0;
void real_print_node(FILE *, NODE *, int, int);

#ifdef mac
BOOLEAN boldmode = 0;
#endif

void update_coords(char ch) {
    int i;

#ifdef ibm
#if !defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(WIN32)
    check_scroll();
#endif
#endif
	
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	int getTermInfo(int type);
#if 0
	int setTermInfo(int type, int val);
	int x_coord, y_coord, x_max, y_max;
	x_coord=getTermInfo(X_COORD);
	y_coord=getTermInfo(Y_COORD);
	x_max=getTermInfo(X_MAX);
	y_max=getTermInfo(Y_MAX);
	
	if (ch == '\n') {
		x_coord = 0;
		y_coord++;
		setTermInfo(X_COORD,x_coord);
		setTermInfo(Y_COORD,y_coord);
		for (i = 0; i < x_margin; i++) print_char(stdout,' ');
		x_coord=getTermInfo(X_COORD);
		y_coord=getTermInfo(Y_COORD);
    } else if (ch == '\b') {
		if (x_coord > 0) --x_coord;
    } else if (ch == '\t') {
		x_coord &= ~07;
		x_coord += 8;
    } else if (ch != '\007')
		x_coord++;
    if (x_coord > x_max && x_max > 0) {
		y_coord += x_coord/x_max;
		x_coord %= x_max;
    }
    if (y_coord > y_max) y_coord = y_max;
	setTermInfo(X_COORD,x_coord);
	setTermInfo(Y_COORD,y_coord);
#endif
	
#else 	
    if (ch == '\n') {
	x_coord = 0;
	y_coord++;
	for (i = 0; i < x_margin; i++) print_char(stdout,' ');
    } else if (ch == '\b') {
	if (x_coord > 0) --x_coord;
    } else if (ch == '\t') {
	x_coord &= ~07;
	x_coord += 8;
#ifdef WIN32
    } else if (ch == '\1' || ch == '\2') {
#endif
    } else if (ch != '\007')
	x_coord++;
    if (x_coord > x_max) {
	y_coord += x_coord/x_max;
	x_coord %= x_max;
    }
    if (y_coord > y_max) y_coord = y_max;
#endif
}

void print_char(FILE *strm, char ch) {
    if (strm != NULL) {
	if (interactive && strm==stdout) {
#ifdef mac
	    if (boldmode) {
		if (ch == '\2')
		    boldmode = 0;
		else
		    ch = ch | 0200;		/* Not so good in Europe */
	    } else if (ch == '\1')
		boldmode = 1;
#endif
#ifdef ibm
	    if (ch == '\1')
		ibm_bold_mode();
	    if (ch == '\2')
		ibm_plain_mode();
#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
	    ztc_put_char(ch);
#elif defined(TURBO_C)
	    if (in_graphics_mode && ibm_screen_top == 0)
		lsplitscreen();
	    if (ch == '\n' || in_graphics_mode)
		rd_putc(ch, strm);
	    else if (ch != '\1' && ch != '\2')
		rd_putc(ch, stdout); /* takes advantage of bold attribute */
#else /* WIN32 */
	    if (ch != '\1' && ch != '\2')
	      rd_putc(ch, strm);
#endif /* ibm */
#else /* Unix */
	    rd_putc(ch, strm);
#endif
	} else	    /* printing to stream but not screen */
	    rd_putc(ch, strm);
	if (strm == stdout) {
	    if (dribblestream != NULL)
		rd_putc(ch, dribblestream);
	    update_coords(ch);
	}
    } else {	    /* printing to string */
	if (--print_stringlen > 0)
	    *print_stringptr++ = ch;
    }
}

void print_space(FILE *strm) {
    print_char(strm,' ');
}

/*VARARGS2*/
void ndprintf(FILE *strm, char *fmt, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    NODE *nd, *ahead_node = UNBOUND, *next_ahead_node = UNBOUND;
    char *cp;
    long int i;
    char buf[30],ch;

    va_start(ap,fmt);
    while ((ch = *fmt++) != '\0') {
	if (ch == '%') {
	    ahead_node = next_ahead_node;
	    next_ahead_node = UNBOUND;
	    ch = *fmt++;
	    if (ch == '+') {	/* swap arg order in error message */
		next_ahead_node = va_arg(ap,NODE *);
		ch = *fmt++;
	    }
	    if (ch == 's') {    /* show */
		if (ahead_node != UNBOUND) {
		    nd = ahead_node;
		    ahead_node = UNBOUND;
		} else nd = va_arg(ap,NODE *);
		print_node(strm, nd);
	    } else if (ch == 'p') {	/* print */
		if (ahead_node != UNBOUND) {
		    nd = ahead_node;
		    ahead_node = UNBOUND;
		} else nd = va_arg(ap,NODE *);
		if (is_list(nd))
		    print_help(strm,nd);
		else
		    print_node(strm,nd);
	    } else if (ch == 't') { /* text */
		cp = va_arg(ap,char *);
		while ((ch = *cp++) != '\0') print_char(strm,ch);
	    } else if (ch == 'd') { /* integer */
		i = va_arg(ap, int);
		sprintf(buf,"%ld",i);
		cp = buf;
		while ((ch = *cp++) != '\0') print_char(strm,ch);
	    } else {
		print_char(strm,'%');
		print_char(strm,ch);
	    }
	} else if (ch == '\\') {
	    ch = *fmt++;
	    if (ch == 'n') {
		print_char(strm, '\n');
	    } else {
		print_char(strm, '\\');
		print_char(strm, ch);
	    }
	} else print_char(strm,ch);
    }
    /* if (!strm) print_char(strm,'\0'); */
    if (!strm) *print_stringptr = '\0';
    va_end(ap);
    force_printwidth = force_printdepth = -1;
}

void dbprint(NODE *data) {
    ndprintf(stderr, "%p\n", data);
}

void real_print_help(FILE *strm, NODE *ndlist, int depth, int width) {
    NODE *arg = NIL;
    int wid = width;

    while (ndlist != NIL) {
	if (!is_list(ndlist)) {
	    ndprintf(strm, " . %s", ndlist);
	    return;
	}
	arg = car(ndlist);
	ndlist = cdr(ndlist);
	if (check_throwing) break;
	real_print_node(strm, arg, depth, width);
	if (ndlist != NIL) {
	    print_space(strm);
	    if (--wid == 0) {
		ndprintf(strm, "...");
		break;
	    }
	}
    }
}

void real_print_node(FILE *strm, NODE *nd, int depth, int width) {
    int i;
    char *cp;
    NODETYPES ndty;
    BOOLEAN print_backslashes = (varTrue(Fullprintp));

    if (depth == 0) {
	ndprintf(strm, "...");
	return;
    }
    if (nd == NIL) {
	print_char(strm,'[');
	print_char(strm,']');
    } else if (nd == UNBOUND) {
	ndprintf(strm, "%s", theName(Name_nothing));
    } else if ((unsigned int)nd < 200) {    /* for debugging */
	char num[] = "{small}    ";

	sprintf(&num[7],"%d",nd);
	ndprintf(strm,num);
    } else if ((ndty = nodetype(nd)) & NT_PRIM) {
	ndprintf(strm, "PRIM");
    } else if (ndty == CONT) {
	ndprintf(strm, "[ %s]", cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)car(nd)),
					   cdr(nd)));
    } else if (ndty & NT_LIST) {
	print_char(strm,'[');
	real_print_help(strm, nd, depth-1, width);
	print_char(strm,']');
    } else if (ndty == ARRAY) {
	int i = 0, dim = getarrdim(nd), wid;
	NODE **pp = getarrptr(nd);

	if (width < 0) wid = dim;
	else wid = (dim > width ? width : dim);
	print_char(strm,'{');
	while (i < wid) {
	    real_print_node(strm,*pp++,depth-1,width);
	    if (++i < dim) print_space(strm);
	}
	if (wid < dim) ndprintf(strm, "...");
	print_char(strm,'}');
	if (print_backslashes && (getarrorg(nd) != 1)) {
	    char org[] = "@	";

	    sprintf(&org[1],"%d",getarrorg(nd));
	    ndprintf(strm,org);
	}
    } else if (ndty == QUOTE) {
	print_char(strm, '\"');
	print_node(strm, car(nd));
    } else if (ndty == COLON) {
	print_char(strm, ':');
	print_node(strm, car(nd));
#ifdef OBJECTS
    } else if (ndty == OBJECT) {
        NODE *old_obj = current_object;
        NODE *printform;

        current_object = nd;
/*      printform = val_eval_driver(cons(theName(Name_representation), NIL)); */
	printform = lrepresentation(NIL);
        current_object = old_obj;
        real_print_node(strm, printform, depth, width);
#endif
    } else if (print_backslashes && (nd == Null_Word)) {
		ndprintf(strm, "||");
    } else {
	int wid, dots=0;

	nd = cnv_node_to_strnode(nd);
	cp = getstrptr(nd);
	if (width < 0) wid = getstrlen(nd);
	else {
	    wid = (width < 10 ? 10 : width);
	    wid = (wid < getstrlen(nd) ? wid : getstrlen(nd));
	}
	if (wid < getstrlen(nd)) dots++;

	if (!backslashed(nd))
	    for (i = 0; i < wid; i++) {
		print_char(strm,*cp++);
	    }
	else if (print_backslashes == FALSE) {
	    for (i = 0; i < wid; i++) {
		print_char(strm,clearparity(*cp++));
	    }
	} else {
	    for (i = 0; i < wid; i++) {
		if (getparity(cp[i])) break;
	    }
	    if (i < wid) {	/* word was in vbars */
			if (strchr("\":", *cp)) {
				print_char(strm, *cp++);
				wid--;
			}
		print_char(strm,'|');
		for (i = 0; i < wid; i++) {
		    print_char(strm,clearparity(*cp++));
		}
		print_char(strm,'|');
	    } else for (i = 0; i < wid; i++) {
		if (strchr(special_chars,(int)*cp)) {
		    print_char(strm,'\\');
		}
		print_char(strm,*cp++);
	    }
	};
	if (dots) ndprintf(strm, "...");
    }
}

int find_limit(NODE *nd, int forced) {
    int val = -1;

    if (forced >= 0) return forced;
    if (nd == NIL) return(-1);
    nd = cnv_node_to_numnode(valnode__caseobj(nd));
    if (nodetype(nd) == INT) val = getint(nd);
    return(val);
}

void print_help(FILE *strm, NODE *nd) {
    real_print_help(strm, nd, find_limit(Printdepthlimit, force_printdepth),
		    find_limit(Printwidthlimit, force_printwidth));
}

void print_node(FILE *strm, NODE *nd) {
    real_print_node(strm, nd, find_limit(Printdepthlimit, force_printdepth),
		    find_limit(Printwidthlimit, force_printwidth));
}

void print_nobrak(FILE *strm, NODE *nd) {
    if (is_list(nd)) print_help(strm, nd);
    else print_node(strm, nd);
}

void new_line(FILE *strm) {
    print_char(strm,'\n');
}

NODE *lshow(NODE *args) {
    print_help(writestream, args);
    new_line(writestream);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void type_help(NODE *args, int sp) {
    NODE *arg = NIL;

    while (args != NIL) {
	arg = car(args);
	args = cdr(args);
	if (is_list(arg))
	    print_help(writestream, arg);
	else
	    print_node(writestream, arg);
	if (sp && (args != NIL)) {
	    print_space(writestream);
	}
    }
}

NODE *ltype(NODE *args) {
    type_help(args,0);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lprint(NODE *args) {
    type_help(args,1);
    new_line(writestream);
    return(UNBOUND);
}
ucblogo-6.1/parse.c0000664000175000017500000004462613575571772012427 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      parse.c         logo parser module              dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#ifdef HAVE_WX
#ifdef WIN32
#define NEW_WIN32
#endif
#undef WIN32
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
#include 
#endif

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#ifndef NEW_WIN32
#include 
#endif
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#include 

#ifdef ibm
#ifndef _MSC_VER
#include 
extern int getch(void);
#endif /* _MSC_VER */
#endif
#ifdef __RZTC__
#include 
#endif

# ifdef HAVE_WX
#ifdef getc
#undef getc
#endif
#define getc getFromWX_2
#define getch getFromWX
extern int check_wx_stop(int force_yield);
extern void wx_enable_scrolling();
extern void wx_refresh();
#endif

FILE *readstream;
FILE *writestream;
FILE *loadstream;
FILE *dribblestream = NULL;
int input_blocking = 0;
NODE *deepend_proc_name = NIL;

#if 0
char *cmdHistory[HIST_MAX] = {0};
char **hist_inptr, **hist_outptr;
#endif
int readingInstruction = 0;

int rd_getc(FILE *strm) {
    int c;
#ifdef WIN32
    MSG msg;
#endif

#ifndef WIN32 /* skip this section ... */
#ifdef __RZTC__
    if (strm == stdin) zflush();
    c = ztc_getc(strm);
#else
    c = getc(strm);
#endif
    if (strm == stdin && c != EOF) update_coords(c);
#ifndef mac
    if (c == '\r') return rd_getc(strm);
#endif
#ifdef ibm
    if (c == 17 && interactive && strm==stdin) { /* control-q */
	to_pending = 0;
	err_logo(STOP_ERROR,NIL);
	if (input_blocking) {
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
	    logo_stop(0);
#else
	    logo_stop();
#endif
	}
    }
    if (c == 23 && interactive && strm==stdin) { /* control-w */
#ifndef __RZTC__
	getc(strm); /* eat up the return */
#endif

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
	logo_pause(0);
#else
	logo_pause();
#endif

	return(rd_getc(strm));
    }
#endif
#else /* WIN32 */
    if (strm == stdin) {
	if (winPasteText && !line_avail) winDoPaste();
	if (!line_avail) {
	    win32_text_cursor();
	    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
		if (line_avail)
		    break;
		}
	    }
      c = read_line[read_index++];
      if (c == 17 && interactive && strm==stdin) { /* control-q */
	to_pending = 0;
	err_logo(STOP_ERROR,NIL);
	line_avail = 0;
	free(read_line);
	if (input_blocking) logo_stop(0);
	return('\n');
    }
    if (c == 23 && interactive && strm==stdin) { /* control-w */
	line_avail = 0;
	free(read_line);
	logo_pause(0);
	return(rd_getc(strm));
    }
      if (c == '\n') {
	line_avail = 0;
	free(read_line);
      }
    }
    else /* reading from a file */
      c = getc(strm);
#endif /* WIN32 */

#ifdef ecma
    return((c == EOF) ? c : ecma_clear(c));
#else
    return(c);
#endif
}

void rd_print_prompt(char *str) {
#ifdef ibm
#if defined(__RZTC__) || defined(WIN32)
    if (in_graphics_mode && !in_splitscreen)
#else
#ifndef _MSC_VER
    if (in_graphics_mode && ibm_screen_top == 0)
#endif /* _MSC_VER */
#endif
	lsplitscreen(NIL);
#endif
	
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	if(in_graphics_mode && !in_splitscreen)
		lsplitscreen(NIL);
#endif

#ifdef mac
    extern int in_fscreen(void);
    if (in_fscreen())
	lsplitscreen(NIL);
#endif

    ndprintf(stdout,"%t",str);
#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
    zflush();
#endif
}

#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
void zrd_print_prompt(char *str) {
    newline_bugfix();
    rd_print_prompt(str);
}
#else
#define zrd_print_prompt rd_print_prompt
#endif

#define into_line(chr) {if (phys_line >= p_end) { \
				p_len += MAX_PHYS_LINE; \
				p_pos = phys_line - p_line; \
				p_line = realloc(p_line, p_len); \
				p_end = &p_line[p_len-1]; \
				phys_line = &p_line[p_pos]; \
			    } \
			    *phys_line++ = (chr);}

char *p_line = 0, *p_end;
int p_len = MAX_PHYS_LINE;

char ender[100];

NODE *reader(FILE *strm, char *prompt) {
    int c = 0, dribbling, vbar = 0, paren = 0;
    int bracket = 0, brace = 0, p_pos, contin=1, insemi=0, raw=0;
    char *phys_line, *lookfor = ender;
    NODETYPES this_type = STRING;
    NODE *ret;
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    fix_turtle_shownness();

    //readingInstruction = !strcmp(prompt, "? ");
    readingInstruction = (strm == stdin);
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    wx_refresh();
    if(readingInstruction) {
      wx_enable_scrolling();
    }
#endif

    print_stringptr = ender;
    print_stringlen = 99;
    ndprintf(NULL, "\n%p\n", theName(Name_end));
    *print_stringptr = '\0';
    print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
    print_stringlen = old_stringlen;

    if (!strcmp(prompt, "RW")) {	/* called by readword */
	    prompt = "";
	    contin = 0;
    }
    if (!strcmp(prompt, "RAW")) {	/* called by readrawline */
	    prompt = "";
	    contin = 0;
	    raw = 1;
    }
charmode_off();
#ifdef WIN32
    dribbling = 0;
#else
    dribbling = (dribblestream != NULL && strm == stdin);
#endif
    if (p_line == 0) {
    	p_line = malloc(MAX_PHYS_LINE);
	if (p_line == NULL) {
	    err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM, NIL);
		    return UNBOUND;
	}
    	p_end = &p_line[MAX_PHYS_LINE-1];
    }
    phys_line = p_line;
    if (strm == stdin && *prompt) {
	if (interactive) {
	  rd_print_prompt(prompt);
#ifdef WIN32
	  win32_update_text();
#endif
	}
    }
    if (strm == stdin) {
	input_blocking++;
	erract_errtype = FATAL;
    }

#ifndef TIOCSTI
    if (!setjmp(iblk_buf)) {
#endif
    c = rd_getc(strm);
/*    if ((c=='\b' || c=='\127') && strm==stdin && interactive) {
	silent_load(LogoLogo, logolib);
	c = rd_getc(strm);
    } */   /* 6.0 */
#ifdef mac
    if (c == '\r') c = '\n';	/* seen in raw mode by keyp, never read */
#endif
    while (c != EOF && (vbar || paren || bracket || brace || c != '\n')
		    && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (dribbling) rd_putc(c, dribblestream);
	if (!raw && c == '\\' && (c = rd_getc(strm)) != EOF) {
	    if (dribbling) rd_putc(c, dribblestream);
	    c = setparity(c);
	    this_type = BACKSLASH_STRING;
	    if (c == setparity('\n') && strm == stdin) {
		if (interactive) zrd_print_prompt("\\ ");
	    }
	}
	if (c != EOF) into_line(c);
	if (raw) {
	    c = rd_getc(strm);
	    continue;
	}
	if (*prompt && (c&0137) == ((*lookfor)&0137)) {
		lookfor++;
		if (*lookfor == 0) {
		    if (deepend_proc_name != NIL)
			err_logo(DEEPEND, deepend_proc_name);
		    else
			err_logo(DEEPEND_NONAME, NIL);
		    break;
		}
	} else lookfor = ender;
	if (c == '|' && !insemi) {
	    vbar = !vbar;
	    this_type = VBAR_STRING;
	} else if (contin && !vbar && !insemi) {
		if (c == '(') paren++;
		else if (paren && c == ')') paren--;
		else if (c == '[') bracket++;
		else if (bracket && c == ']') bracket--;
		else if (c == '{') brace++;
		else if (brace && c == '}') brace--;
		else if (c == ';') insemi++;
	}

	if (this_type == STRING && strchr(special_chars, c))
	    this_type = VBAR_STRING;
	if (/* (vbar || paren ...) && */ c == '\n') {
	    insemi = 0;
	    if (strm == stdin) {
		if (interactive) zrd_print_prompt(vbar ? "| " : "~ ");
	    }
	}
	while (!vbar && c == '~' && (c = rd_getc(strm)) != EOF) {
	    int gotspc = 0;
	    while (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
		gotspc = 1;
		c = rd_getc(strm);
	    }
	    if (dribbling) rd_putc(c, dribblestream);
	    if (c != '\n' && gotspc) into_line(' ');
	    into_line(c);
	    if (c == '\n') {
		insemi = 0;
		if (interactive && strm == stdin) zrd_print_prompt("~ ");
	    }
	    else if (c == '(') paren++;
	    else if (paren && c == ')') paren--;
	    else if (c == '[') bracket++;
	    else if (bracket && c == ']') bracket--;
	    else if (c == '{') brace++;
	    else if (brace && c == '}') brace--;
	    else if (c == ';') insemi++;
	}
	if (c != EOF) c = rd_getc(strm);
    }
#ifndef TIOCSTI
    }
#endif
    *phys_line = '\0';
    input_blocking = 0;
#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
    fix_cursor();
    if (interactive && strm == stdin) newline_bugfix();
#endif
    if (dribbling)
	rd_putc('\n', dribblestream);
    if (c == EOF && strm == stdin) {
	if (interactive) clearerr(stdin);
	rd_print_prompt("\n");
    }
    if (phys_line == p_line) return(Null_Word); /* so emptyp works */
    ret = make_strnode(p_line, (struct string_block *)NULL, (int)strlen(p_line),
		       this_type, strnzcpy);
#if 0
    if (strm == stdin && !strcmp(prompt, "? ")){
	char *histline = malloc(1+strlen(p_line));
	strcpy(histline, p_line);
	*hist_inptr++ = histline;
	if (hist_inptr >= &cmdHistory[HIST_MAX]) {
	    hist_inptr = cmdHistory;
	}
	if (*hist_inptr) {
	    free(*hist_inptr);
	    *hist_inptr = 0;
	}
	hist_outptr = hist_inptr;
    }
#endif

    //added (evan)
    readingInstruction = 0;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *list_to_array(NODE *list) {
    NODE *np = list, *result;
    FIXNUM len = 0, i;

    for (; np; np = cdr(np)) len++;

    result = make_array(len);
    setarrorg(result,1);

    for (i = 0, np = list; np; np = cdr(np))
	(getarrptr(result))[i++] = car(np);

    return(result);
}

#define parens(ch)      (ch == '(' || ch == ')' || ch == ';')
#define infixs(ch)      (ch == '*' || ch == '/' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '=' || ch == '<' || ch == '>')
#define white_space(ch) (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\0')

NODE *parser_iterate(char **inln, char *inlimit, struct string_block *inhead,
		     BOOLEAN semi, int endchar) {
    char ch, *wptr = NULL;
    static char terminate = '\0';   /* KLUDGE */
    NODE *outline = NIL, *lastnode = NIL, *tnode = NIL;
    int windex = 0, vbar = 0;
    NODETYPES this_type = STRING;
    BOOLEAN broken = FALSE;

    do {
	/* get the current character and increase pointer */
	ch = **inln;
	if (!vbar && windex == 0) wptr = *inln;
	if (++(*inln) >= inlimit) *inln = &terminate;

	/* skip through comments and line continuations */
	while (!vbar && ((semi && ch == ';') ||
#ifdef WIN32
		(ch == '~' && (**inln == 012 || **inln == 015)))) {
	    while (ch == '~' && (**inln == 012 || **inln == 015)) {
#else
		(ch == '~' && **inln == '\n'))) {
	    while (ch == '~' && **inln == '\n') {
#endif
		if (++(*inln) >= inlimit) *inln = &terminate;
		ch = **inln;
		if (windex == 0) wptr = *inln;
		else {
		    if (**inln == ']' || **inln == '[' ||
		    			 **inln == '{' || **inln == '}') {
			ch = ' ';
			break;
		    } else {
			broken = TRUE;
		    }
		}
		if (++(*inln) >= inlimit) *inln = &terminate;
	    }

	    if (semi && ch == ';') {
#ifdef WIN32
		if (**inln != 012 && **inln != 015)
#else
		if (**inln != '\n')
#endif
		do {
		    ch = **inln;
		    if (windex == 0) wptr = *inln;
		    else broken = TRUE;
		    if (++(*inln) >= inlimit) *inln = &terminate;
		} 
#ifdef WIN32
		while (ch != '\0' && ch != '~' && **inln != 012 && **inln != 015);
#else /* !Win32 */
		while (ch != '\0' && ch != '~' && **inln != '\n');
#endif
		if (ch != '\0' && ch != '~') ch = '\n';
	    }
	}

	/* flag that this word will be of BACKSLASH_STRING type */
	if (getparity(ch)) this_type = BACKSLASH_STRING;

	if (ch == '|') {
	    vbar = !vbar;
	    this_type = VBAR_STRING;
	    broken = TRUE; /* so we'll copy the chars */
	}

	else if (vbar || (!white_space(ch) && ch != ']' &&
		    ch != '{' && ch != '}' && ch != '['))
	    windex++;

	if (vbar) continue;

	else if (ch == endchar) break;

	else if (ch == ']') err_logo(UNEXPECTED_BRACKET, NIL);
	else if (ch == '}') err_logo(UNEXPECTED_BRACE, NIL);

	/* if this is a '[', parse a new list */
	else if (ch == '[') {
	    tnode = cons(parser_iterate(inln,inlimit,inhead,semi,']'), NIL);
	    if (**inln == '\0') ch = '\0';
	}

	else if (ch == '{') {
	    tnode = cons(list_to_array
			 (parser_iterate(inln,inlimit,inhead,semi,'}')), NIL);
	    if (**inln == '@') {
		int i = 0, sign = 1;

		(*inln)++;
		if (**inln == '-') {
		    sign = -1;
		    (*inln)++;
		}
		while ((ch = **inln) >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
		    i = (i*10) + ch - '0';
		    (*inln)++;
		}
		setarrorg(car(tnode),sign*i);
	    }
	    if (**inln == '\0') ch = '\0';
	}

/* if this character or the next one will terminate string, make the word */
	else if (white_space(ch) || **inln == ']' || **inln == '[' ||
			    **inln == '{' || **inln == '}') {
		if (windex > 0 || this_type == VBAR_STRING) {
		    if (broken == FALSE)
			 tnode = cons(make_strnode(wptr, inhead, windex,
						   this_type, strnzcpy),
				      NIL);
		    else {
			 tnode = cons(make_strnode(wptr,
				 (struct string_block *)NULL, windex,
				 this_type, (semi ? mend_strnzcpy : mend_nosemi)),
				 NIL);
			 broken = FALSE;
		    }
		    this_type = STRING;
		    windex = 0;
		}
	}

	/* put the word onto the end of the return list */
	if (tnode != NIL) {
	    if (outline == NIL) outline = tnode;
	    else setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
	    lastnode = tnode;
	    tnode = NIL;
	}
    } while (ch);
    return(outline);
}

NODE *parser(NODE *nd, BOOLEAN semi) {
    NODE *rtn;
    int slen;
    char *lnsav;

    rtn = cnv_node_to_strnode(nd);
    slen = getstrlen(rtn);
    lnsav = getstrptr(rtn);
    rtn = parser_iterate(&lnsav,lnsav + slen,getstrhead(rtn),semi,-1);
    return(rtn);
}

NODE *lparse(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg, *val = UNBOUND;

    arg = string_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	val = parser(arg, FALSE);
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *runparse_node(NODE *nd, NODE **ndsptr) {
    NODE *outline = NIL, *tnode = NIL, *lastnode = NIL, *snd;
    char *wptr, *tptr;
    struct string_block *whead;
    int wlen, wcnt, tcnt, isnumb, gotdot;
    NODETYPES wtyp;
    BOOLEAN monadic_minus = FALSE;

    if (nd == Minus_Tight) return cons(nd, NIL);
    snd = cnv_node_to_strnode(nd);
    wptr = getstrptr(snd);
    wlen = getstrlen(snd);
    wtyp = nodetype(snd);
    wcnt = 0;
    whead = getstrhead(snd);

    while (wcnt < wlen) {
	if (*wptr == ';') {
	    *ndsptr = NIL;
	    break;
	}
	if (*wptr == '"') {
	    tcnt = 0;
	    tptr = ++wptr;
	    wcnt++;
	    while (wcnt < wlen && !parens(*wptr)) {
		if (wtyp == BACKSLASH_STRING && getparity(*wptr))
		    wtyp = PUNBOUND;    /* flag for "\( case */
		wptr++, wcnt++, tcnt++;
	    }
	    if (wtyp == PUNBOUND) {
		wtyp = BACKSLASH_STRING;
		tnode = cons(make_quote(intern(make_strnode(tptr, NULL,
					tcnt, wtyp, noparity_strnzcpy))), NIL);
	    } else
		tnode = cons(make_quote(intern(make_strnode(tptr, whead, tcnt,
				        wtyp, strnzcpy))), NIL);
	} else if (*wptr == ':') {
	    tcnt = 0;
	    tptr = ++wptr;
	    wcnt++;
	    while (wcnt < wlen && !parens(*wptr) && !infixs(*wptr))
		wptr++, wcnt++, tcnt++;
	    tnode = cons(make_colon(intern(make_strnode(tptr, whead, tcnt,
				    wtyp, strnzcpy))), NIL);
	} else if (wcnt == 0 && *wptr == '-' && monadic_minus == FALSE &&
		   wcnt+1 < wlen && !white_space(*(wptr+1))) {
	/* minus sign with space before and no space after is unary */
	    tnode = cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)0), NIL);
	    monadic_minus = TRUE;
	} else if (parens(*wptr) || infixs(*wptr)) {
	    if (monadic_minus)
		tnode = cons(Minus_Tight, NIL);
	    else if (wcnt+1 < wlen && 
		     ((*wptr == '<' && (*(wptr+1) == '=' || *(wptr+1) == '>'))
		     || (*wptr == '>' && *(wptr+1) == '='))) {
		tnode = cons(intern(make_strnode(wptr, whead, 2,
						 STRING, strnzcpy)), NIL);
		wptr++, wcnt++;
	    } else
		tnode = cons(intern(make_strnode(wptr, whead, 1,
						 STRING, strnzcpy)), NIL);
	    monadic_minus = FALSE;
	    wptr++, wcnt++;
	} else {
	    tcnt = 0;
	    tptr = wptr;
	    /* isnumb 4 means nothing yet;
	     * 0 means digits so far, 1 means just saw
	     * 'e' so minus can be next, 2 means no longer
	     * eligible even if an 'e' comes along */
	    isnumb = 4;
	    gotdot = 0;
	    if (*wptr == '?') {
		isnumb = 3; /* turn ?5 to (? 5) */
		wptr++, wcnt++, tcnt++;
	    }
	    while (wcnt < wlen && !parens(*wptr) &&
		   (!infixs(*wptr) || (isnumb == 1 && (*wptr == '-' || *wptr == '+')))) {
		if (isnumb == 4 && isdigit(*wptr)) isnumb = 0;
		if (isnumb == 0 && tcnt > 0 && (*wptr == 'e' || *wptr == 'E'))
		    isnumb = 1;
		else if (!(isdigit(*wptr) || (!gotdot && *wptr == '.')) || isnumb == 1)
		    isnumb = 2;
		if (*wptr == '.') gotdot++;
		wptr++, wcnt++, tcnt++;
	    }
	    if (isnumb == 3 && tcnt > 1) {    /* ?5 syntax */
		NODE *qmtnode;

		qmtnode = cons_list(0, Left_Paren, Query,
				    cnv_node_to_numnode
					(make_strnode(tptr+1, whead,
						      tcnt-1, wtyp, strnzcpy)),
				    END_OF_LIST);
		if (outline == NIL) {
		    outline = qmtnode;
		} else {
		    setcdr(lastnode, qmtnode);
		}
		lastnode = cddr(qmtnode);
		tnode = cons(Right_Paren, NIL);
	    } else if (isnumb < 2 && tcnt > 0) {
		tnode = cons(cnv_node_to_numnode(make_strnode(tptr, whead, tcnt,
							      wtyp, strnzcpy)),
			     NIL);
	    } else
		tnode = cons(intern(make_strnode(tptr, whead, tcnt,
						 wtyp, strnzcpy)),
			     NIL);
	}

	if (outline == NIL) outline = tnode;
	else setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
	lastnode = tnode;
    }
    return(outline);
}

NODE *runparse(NODE *ndlist) {
    NODE *curnd = NIL, *outline = NIL, *tnode = NIL, *lastnode = NIL;
    char *str;

    if (nodetype(ndlist) == RUN_PARSE)
		return parsed__runparse(ndlist);
    if (!is_list(ndlist)) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, ndlist);
	    return(NIL);
    }
    if (ndlist != NIL && is_word(curnd=car(ndlist)) && getstrlen(curnd) >= 2 &&
	(str=getstrptr(curnd)) && *str++ == '#' && *str == '!')
	    return NIL;	    /* shell-script #! treated as comment line */
    while (ndlist != NIL) {
	curnd = car(ndlist);
	ndlist = cdr(ndlist);
	if (!is_word(curnd))
	    tnode = cons(curnd, NIL);
	else {
	    if (!numberp(curnd))
		tnode = runparse_node(curnd, &ndlist);
	    else
		tnode = cons(cnv_node_to_numnode(curnd), NIL);
	}
	if (tnode != NIL) {
	    if (outline == NIL) outline = tnode;
	    else setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
	    lastnode = tnode;
	    while (cdr(lastnode) != NIL) {
		lastnode = cdr(lastnode);
		if (check_throwing) break;
	    }
	}
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }
    return(outline);
}

NODE *lrunparse(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = car(args);
    while (nodetype(arg) == ARRAY && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING && !aggregate(arg))
	arg = parser(arg, TRUE);
    if (NOT_THROWING)
	return runparse(arg);
    return UNBOUND;
}
ucblogo-6.1/paren.c0000664000175000017500000003126413575571772012414 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      paren.c		    logo parenthesizing module		dko
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 

#ifdef OBJECTS
#undef procnode__caseobj
#define procnode__caseobj procValue
#endif

NODE *the_generation;

void check_library(NODE *first) {
    if (procnode__caseobj(first) == UNDEFINED && NOT_THROWING &&
	first != Null_Word)
	    silent_load(first, NULL);    /* try ./.lg */
    if (procnode__caseobj(first) == UNDEFINED && NOT_THROWING &&
	first != Null_Word){
      silent_load(first, logolib); /* try / */
    }
}

/* Set the line pointer for a tree.
 */ 
void make_line(NODE *tree, NODE *line) {
    setobject(tree, line);
    settype(tree, LINE);
}

void untreeify(NODE *node) {
    if (node==NIL) return;
    settreepair__tree(node, NIL);
    settype(node, CONS);
}

void untreeify_line(NODE *line) {
    if (line != NIL && is_list(line)) {
	untreeify_line(car(line));
	untreeify_line(cdr(line));
	untreeify(line);
    }
}

void untreeify_body(NODE *body) {
    NODE *body_ptr;

    for (body_ptr = body; body_ptr != NIL; body_ptr = cdr(body_ptr)) {
	untreeify_line(car(body_ptr));
    }
    untreeify(body);
}

void untreeify_proc(NODE *tproc) {
    untreeify_body(bodylist__procnode(tproc));
}

/* Treeify a body by appending the trees of the lines.
 */ 
void make_tree_from_body(NODE *body) {

    NODE *body_ptr, *end_ptr = NIL, *tree = NIL;

    if (body == NIL ||
	(is_tree(body) && generation__tree(body) == the_generation))
	    return;
    if (is_tree(body)) untreeify_body(body);
    for (body_ptr = body; body_ptr != NIL; body_ptr = cdr(body_ptr)) {
	tree = car(body_ptr);
	if (tree == NIL) continue;  /* skip blank line */
	this_line = tree;
	make_tree(tree);
	if (is_tree(tree)) {
	    tree = tree__tree(tree);
	    make_line(tree, car(body_ptr));
	    if (end_ptr == NIL)
		settree__tree(body, tree);
	    else
		setcdr(end_ptr, tree);
	    if (generation__tree(car(body_ptr)) == UNBOUND)
		setgeneration__tree(body, UNBOUND);
/*	    untreeify(car(body_ptr));	*/
	    while (cdr(tree) != NIL)
		tree = cdr(tree);
	    end_ptr = tree;
	} else {    /* error while treeifying */
	    untreeify(body);
	    return;
	}
    }
    settype(body, TREE);
}

NODE *tree_dk_how;

/* Treeify a list of tokens (runparsed or not).
 */ 
void make_tree(NODE *list) {

    NODE *tree = NIL;
    NODE *paren_line(NODE *);

    if (list == NIL ||
	(is_tree(list) && generation__tree(list) == the_generation))
	    return;
    if (!runparsed(list)) make_runparse(list);
    tree_dk_how = NIL;
    tree = paren_line(parsed__runparse(list));
    if (tree != NIL && tree != UNBOUND) {
	settype(list, TREE);
	settree__tree(list, tree);
	if (tree_dk_how != NIL || stopping_flag==THROWING)
	    setgeneration__tree(list, UNBOUND);
    }
}

NODE *gather_args(NODE *, NODE *, NODE **, BOOLEAN, NODE **);
NODE *paren_infix(NODE *, NODE **, int, BOOLEAN);
NODE *gather_some_args(int, int, NODE **, BOOLEAN, NODE **);

/* Fully parenthesize a complete line, i.e. transform it from a flat list
 * to a tree.
 */ 
NODE *paren_line(NODE *line) {

    NODE *retval = NIL;
    NODE *paren_expr(NODE **expr, BOOLEAN inparen);
    NODE *paren_infix(NODE *left, NODE **rest, int old_pri, BOOLEAN inparen);

    if (line == NIL) return line;
    retval = paren_expr(&line, FALSE);
    if (NOT_THROWING && retval != UNBOUND) {
	retval = paren_infix(retval, &line, -1, FALSE);
	retval = cons(retval, paren_line(line));
    }
    return retval;
}

/* See if an unknown procedure name starts with SET */
int is_setter(NODE *name) {
    NODE *string = cnv_node_to_strnode(name);

    if (getstrlen(string) < 4) return FALSE;

    // check to see if name begins with "set"
    return !low_strncmp(getstrptr(string), "set", 3);
}

#ifdef OBJECTS

/* See if procedure name starts with Usual
   this is used in OOP to explicitly call a parents
   methods, Usual.Foo  */
int is_usual(NODE *name) {
  NODE *string = cnv_node_to_strnode(name);

  // first rule out all words shorter than 8 chars
  if (getstrlen(string) < 8) return FALSE;

  // check to see if name begins with "usual."
  return !low_strncmp(getstrptr(string), "usual.", 6);
}

#endif // OBJECTS



/* Check for FD100, give warning, insert space 
   FD100 is assumed to be a typo, that is, we 
   think the user meant FD 100, not FD100
*/

NODE *missing_alphabetic, *missing_numeric;

int missing_space(NODE *name) {
    NODE *str = strnode__caseobj(name);
    char *s = getstrptr(str);
    FIXNUM len = getstrlen(str);
    char *t;
    char ch;
    char alpha[100], numer[100];
    int i;
    NODE *first;

    t = s+len-1;
    ch = *t;
    if (!isdigit(ch)) return 0;
    i = 1;
    while ((t>s) && (isdigit(*--t))) i++;
    if (t<=s) return 0;
    strncpy(numer,t+1,i);
    numer[i] = '\0';
    strncpy(alpha,s,len-i);
    alpha[len-i] = '\0';
    first = intern(make_strnode(alpha, 0, len-i, STRING, strnzcpy));
    check_library(first);
    if (procnode__caseobj(first) == UNDEFINED) return 0;
    missing_alphabetic = first;
    missing_numeric = make_intnode(atoi(numer));
    err_logo(MISSING_SPACE,
	     cons_list(0, cons_list(0, missing_alphabetic, missing_numeric,
				    END_OF_LIST),
		          name, END_OF_LIST));
    return 1;
}

/* Parenthesize an expression.  Set expr to the node after the first full
 * expression.
 */ 
NODE *paren_expr(NODE **expr, BOOLEAN inparen) {

    NODE *first = NIL, *tree = NIL, *pproc, *retval;
    NODE **ifnode = (NODE **)NIL;

    // no expression given
    if (*expr == NIL) {
      // check if we are in a paren, if so error
      if (inparen) err_logo(PAREN_MISMATCH, NIL);
      return *expr;
    }

    // get the first element in the expression, 
    // and pop if off the stack
    first = car(*expr);
    pop(*expr);
    if (nodetype(first) == CASEOBJ && !numberp(first)) {
	if (first == Left_Paren) {
	    tree = paren_expr(expr, TRUE);
	    tree = paren_infix(tree, expr, -1, TRUE);
	    if (*expr == NIL)
		err_logo(PAREN_MISMATCH, NIL);
	    else if (car(*expr) != Right_Paren) {   /* throw the rest away */
		int parens;

		for (parens = 0; *expr; pop(*expr)) {
		    if (car(*expr) == Left_Paren)
			parens++;
		    else if (car(*expr) == Right_Paren)
			if (parens-- == 0) {
			    pop(*expr);
			    break;
			}
		}
		first = tree /* car(tree) */ ;  /* 6.0 */
		tree = cons(Not_Enough_Node, NIL);  /* tell eval */
		tree_dk_how=UNBOUND;
		if (is_list(first))
		    first = car(first);
		if (nodetype(first) != CASEOBJ ||
		    procnode__caseobj(first) == UNDEFINED)
			err_logo(DK_HOW, first);
		else
		    err_logo(TOO_MUCH, first);
	    }
	    else
		pop(*expr);
	    retval = tree;
	} else if (first == Right_Paren) {
	    err_logo(UNEXPECTED_PAREN, NIL);
	    if (inparen) push(first, *expr);
	    retval = NIL;
	} else if (first == Minus_Sign) {
	    push(Minus_Tight, *expr);
	    retval = paren_infix(make_intnode((FIXNUM) 0), expr, -1, inparen);
	} else {	/* it must be a procedure */
	    check_library(first);
	    pproc = procnode__caseobj(first);
	    if (pproc == UNDEFINED) {
		if (missing_space(first)) {
		    push(missing_numeric, *expr);
		    first = missing_alphabetic;
		    pproc = procnode__caseobj(first);
		    retval = gather_args(first, pproc, expr, inparen, ifnode);
		    if (retval != UNBOUND) {
			retval = cons(first, retval);
		    }
		} else if (is_setter(first)) {
		    retval = gather_some_args(0, 1, expr, inparen, ifnode);
		    if (retval != UNBOUND) {
			retval = cons(first, retval);
		    }
#ifdef OBJECTS
		} else if (is_usual(first)) {
		  // the proc starts with "usual.", so chop it off and
		  // try to find the proc name after the dot
		  NODE *name = cnv_node_to_strnode(first);
		  proc = getInheritedProc(make_strnode(getstrptr(name) + 6,
						       getstrhead(name),
						       getstrlen(name) - 6,
						       nodetype(name),
						       strnzcpy),
					  current_object);
		  retval = gather_some_args(minargs__procnode(proc), 
					    maxargs__procnode(proc), 
					    expr, 
					    inparen, 
					    ifnode);
		  return cons(first, retval);
#endif /* OBJECTS */
		} else {
		    retval = cons(first, NIL);
		    tree_dk_how = first;
		}
	    } else if (nodetype(pproc) == INFIX && NOT_THROWING) {
		err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH, first);
		retval = cons(first, NIL);
	    } else {
		/* Kludge follows to turn IF to IFELSE sometimes. */
		if (isName(first, Name_if)) {
		    ifnode = &first;
		}
		retval = gather_args(first, pproc, expr, inparen, ifnode);
		if (retval != UNBOUND) {
		    retval = cons(first, retval);
		}
	    }
	}
    } else if (is_list(first)) {   /* quoted list */
	retval = make_quote(first);
    } else {
	return first;
    }
    return retval;
}

/* Gather the correct number of arguments to proc into a list.  Set args to
 * immediately after the last arg.
 */ 
NODE *gather_args(NODE *newfun, NODE *pproc, NODE **args, BOOLEAN inparen,
		  NODE **ifnode) {
    int min, max;
    NODE /* *oldfun, */ *result;
    
    if (nodetype(pproc) == CONS) {
	min = (inparen ? getint(minargs__procnode(pproc))
		       : getint(dfltargs__procnode(pproc)));
	max = (inparen ? getint(maxargs__procnode(pproc))
		       : getint(dfltargs__procnode(pproc)));
    } else { /* primitive */
	min = (inparen ? getprimmin(pproc) : getprimdflt(pproc));
	if (min < 0) {	    /* special form */
	    result = *args;
	    *args = NIL;
	    return result;
/*
	    oldfun = fun;
	    fun = newfun;
	    result = (*getprimfun(pproc))(*args);
	    fun = oldfun;
	    return result;
 */
	}
    /* Kludge follows to allow EDIT and CO without input without paren */ 
	if (getprimmin(pproc) == OK_NO_ARG) min = 0;
	max = (inparen ? getprimmax(pproc) : getprimdflt(pproc));
    }
    return gather_some_args(min, max, args, inparen, ifnode);
}

/* Make a list of the next n expressions, where n is between min and max.
 * Set args to immediately after the last expression.
 */ 
NODE *gather_some_args(int min, int max, NODE **args, BOOLEAN inparen,
		       NODE **ifnode) {
    NODE *paren_infix(NODE *left, NODE **rest, int old_pri, BOOLEAN inparen);

    if (*args == NIL || car(*args) == Right_Paren ||
	    (nodetype(car(*args)) == CASEOBJ &&
	     nodetype(procnode__caseobj(car(*args))) == INFIX)) {
	if (min > 0) return cons(Not_Enough_Node, NIL);
    } else if (max == 0) {
	if (ifnode != (NODE **)NIL && is_list(car(*args))) {
	    /* if -> ifelse kludge */
	    NODE *retval;
	    err_logo(IF_WARNING, NIL);
	    *ifnode = theName(Name_ifelse);
	    retval = paren_expr(args, FALSE);
	    retval = paren_infix(retval, args, -1, inparen);
	    return cons(retval, gather_some_args(min, max, args,
						 inparen, (NODE **)NIL));
	}
    } else {
	if (max < 0) max = 0;   /* negative max means unlimited */
	if (car(*args) != Right_Paren &&
		(nodetype(car(*args)) != CASEOBJ ||
		 nodetype(procnode__caseobj(car(*args))) != INFIX)) {
	    NODE *retval = paren_expr(args, FALSE);
	    retval = paren_infix(retval, args, -1, inparen);
	    return cons(retval, gather_some_args(min - 1, max - 1, args,
						 inparen, ifnode));
	}
    }
    return NIL;
}

/* Calculate the priority of a procedure.
 */ 
int priority(NODE *proc_obj) {

    NODE *pproc;

    if (proc_obj == Minus_Tight) return PREFIX_PRIORITY+4;
    if (nodetype(proc_obj) != CASEOBJ ||
	(pproc = procnode__caseobj(proc_obj)) == UNDEFINED ||
	nodetype(pproc) != INFIX)
	    return 0;
    return getprimpri(pproc);
}

/* Parenthesize an infix expression.  left_arg is the expression on the left
 * (already parenthesized), and rest is a pointer to the list starting with the
 * infix procedure, if it's there.  Set rest to after the right end of the
 * infix expression.
 */ 
NODE *paren_infix(NODE *left_arg, NODE **rest, int old_pri, BOOLEAN inparen) {
    NODE *infix_proc, *retval;
    int pri;

    // check to make sure we really got an infix expression
    if (*rest == NIL || !(pri = priority(infix_proc = car(*rest)))
		     || pri <= old_pri) 
	return left_arg;
    pop(*rest);
    retval = paren_expr(rest, inparen);
    retval = paren_infix(retval, rest, pri, inparen);
    retval = cons_list(0,infix_proc, left_arg, retval, END_OF_LIST);
    return paren_infix(retval, rest, old_pri, inparen);
}
ucblogo-6.1/obj.c0000664000175000017500000005423413575571772012063 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      obj.c          logo object functions module              scc
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef OBJECTS

extern NODE *make_object(NODE *canonical, NODE *oproc, NODE *val,
			 NODE *plist, NODE *casestrnd);

NODE *logo_object, *current_object;
NODE *name_arg(NODE *args);
NODE *assoc(NODE *name, NODE *alist);

FIXNUM gensymnum = 1;

/* Creates new license plate for object */
NODE *newplate(void) {
    char buffer[20];
    sprintf(buffer,"G%d", gensymnum++);
    return make_strnode(buffer, NULL, strlen(buffer), STRING, strnzcpy);
    return UNBOUND;
}

/* -----------------------------
   OBJECT ADT 
   ----------------------------- */

/* Looks for a variable in the specified
   object only. Is aware of the special case
   where the OOP Object is Logo, in which it
   looks up the variable in the global hash table.
   
   name: a caseobj node
   oop_obj: an OOP object node
   returns: a hashtable entry, or UNBOUND
*/
NODE* get_var(NODE* name, NODE* oop_obj) {
  if (oop_obj == logo_object) {
    NODE* result = object__caseobj(name);
    
    // only non-local values should be considered
    // as part of the Logo object
    return result;
    /*
    if (!flag__object(result, IS_LOCAL_VALUE)
	&& flag__object(result, HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE)) {
      return result;
    }else{
      return UNBOUND;
    }
    */
  }else{
    // search the variable list for the name
    NODE* val = assoc(name, getvars(oop_obj));

    if(val == NIL){
      return UNBOUND;
    }else{
      return getobject(val);
    }
  }
}

NODE* get_varvalue(NODE* name, NODE* oop_obj){
  NODE* binding = get_var(name, oop_obj);
  if (binding != UNBOUND)
    return valnode__object(binding);
  else
    return binding;
}

/* Create a new variable in the OOP object
   which entails creating a new hashtable entry
   and adding it to the var list for the OOP 
   object. Like get_var, it is aware of the global
   Logo object, and will create the variable
   in the global hashtable.

   name: a caseobj node, or a string node (which will be interned)
   value: any node, or possibly UNBOUND
   oop_obj: an OOP object node
   returns: a newly created hashtable entry
 */
NODE* create_var(NODE* name, NODE* value, NODE* oop_obj) {
  // first intern the name, incase it's a string
  NODE *binding;
  NODE *sym = intern(name);
    
  if (oop_obj == logo_object){
    // because this is a logo symbol, the hash
    // entry will have been created as part of 
    // the intern() process, so we can look up
    // the entry right away
    binding = object__caseobj(sym);
  }else{    
    // now look up the caseobj in the OOP obj
    binding = get_var(sym, oop_obj);

    // if unbound, then bind it
    if (binding == UNBOUND) {
      NODE* lownd = make_strnode(getstrptr(strnode__caseobj(name)), 
				 (struct string_block *)NULL,
				 getstrlen(strnode__caseobj(name)), 
				 STRING, 
				 noparitylow_strnzcpy);

      binding = make_object(lownd, UNDEFINED, value, NIL,name);
      setvars(oop_obj, cons(lownd, getvars(oop_obj)));
      setobject(getvars(oop_obj), binding);

      // can return early because the binding is created
      // and the value has been set, so there is nothing
      // more to do
      return binding;
    }
  }

  setflag__object(binding, HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE);

  // TODO: does this mean that values can never be explicitly
  //       set to NIL?
  if (value){
    // assertion: this should work for Logo or generic OOP object
    setvalnode__object(binding, value);
  }      
  
  return binding;
}

/* Gets a procedure by name for a given object
   name: a caseobj node, the name of the procedure
   oop_obj: an OOP object node
   returns: either the procedure node or UNDEFINED  
 */
NODE* get_proc(NODE* name, NODE* oop_obj){
  if (oop_obj == logo_object){
    return procnode__caseobj(name);
  }else{
    // assoc returns a list spine pair, where the car
    // points to the proc's cannonical name and the
    // object points to the hash table entry, which
    // contains the proc-node internally
    NODE* proc = assoc(name, getprocs(oop_obj));
    if (proc == NIL){
      return UNDEFINED;
    }else{
      return procnode__object(getobject(proc));
    }
  }
}

NODE* set_proc(NODE* name, NODE* procnode, NODE* oop_obj){
  if (oop_obj != logo_object) {
    NODE* lownd = make_strnode(getstrptr(strnode__caseobj(name)), 
			       (struct string_block *)NULL,
			       getstrlen(strnode__caseobj(name)), 
			       STRING, 
			       noparitylow_strnzcpy);

    NODE* binding = make_object(lownd, procnode, UNBOUND, NIL,name);
    setprocs(oop_obj, cons(name, getprocs(oop_obj)));
    setobject(getprocs(oop_obj), binding); //procnode);
    return binding;
  }else{
    setprocnode__caseobj(name, procnode);
    return object__caseobj(name);
  }
}

// ----------------------------- //





/* Creates a new object */
NODE *newobj(void) {
	/* obj-upgrade:
	 *  this currently creates a new object with a linked list of 
	 *  variables. the new object layout will create a linked list
	 *  of hash table entries instead, and the first entry will be
	 *  the licenseplate of the object.
	 * 
	 * make_obj(can, proc, val, plist, casestrnd) can be used to
	 * to create a new hashtable entry
	 * the same binding code can be used, but it will 
	 *
	 * Questions: 
	 *   - Seems like parents should be uneffected, is this right?
	 */ 
    NODE *result = newnode(OBJECT);
    create_var(theName(Name_licenseplate), newplate(), result);

    //NODE *binding = newnode(CONS);
    //setcar(binding, theName(Name_licenseplate));
    //setobject(binding, newplate());
    //setvars(result, binding);
    return result;
}

/* Initializes Object Logo */
void obj_init(void) {
    // kludge: since logo_object is not set when newobj() is called
    //         the license plate gets created in the object instead of
    //         in the global hash table, so copy it over. The order
    //         of the following 3 lines is very important!
    current_object = newobj();
    NODE* logo_plate = get_varvalue(theName(Name_licenseplate), current_object);
    logo_object = current_object;

    // now copy over the license plate to the global hash-table
    create_var(theName(Name_licenseplate), logo_plate, logo_object);
    create_var(theName(Name_name), make_static_strnode("Logo"), logo_object);

    //setvars(logo_object, cons(theName(Name_name), getvars(logo_object)));
    //setobject(getvars(logo_object), make_static_strnode("Logo"));

    /* [[initlist] [exist output self]] */
    askexist = cons(cons(theName(Name_initlist), NIL),
		    cons(cons(theName(Name_exist),
			      cons(theName(Name_output),
				   cons(theName(Name_self), NIL))),
			 NIL));
}

/* Outputs the Logo object, ancestor of all other objects.
 * @params - none
 */
NODE *llogo(NODE *args) {
    return(logo_object);
}

/* Creates and outputs an object whose parent is the Logo object.
 * @params - none
 */
NODE *lsomething(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val;

    val = newobj();
    setparents(val, cons(logo_object, NIL));
    return val;
}

/* Creates and outputs an object, whose parent is Object, or whose parents
 * are Object1, Object2, etc., or the elements of ObjectList.
 * @params - Object or ObjectList or (Object1 Object2 etc.)
 */

NODE *lkindof(NODE *args) {
    NODE *argcopy = args;
    NODE *val = UNBOUND;

    if (is_list(car(args))) {
        if (cdr(args) != NIL) {
            err_logo(TOO_MUCH, NIL); /* too many inputs */
        }
        args = car(args);
    }
    /* now args is always a list of objects */
    /* make sure they're all really objects */

    for (argcopy = args; (argcopy != NIL && NOT_THROWING); 
			 argcopy = cdr(argcopy)) {
        while (!is_object(car(argcopy)) && NOT_THROWING) {
            setcar(argcopy, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(argcopy)));
        }
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
        val = newobj();
        setparents(val, args);
    }

    return val;
}

/* Creates an object whose parent is Object or whose parents are the elements
 * of ObjectList, Asks the new object to Exist, and then outputs the object.
 * Any remaining inputs after the first are collected into a list and made
 * the value of the public variable InitList, used to initialize the newly
 * created object.
 * @params - Object or ObjectList or (Object Input1 Input2 etc.) or
 * (ObjectList Input1 Input2 etc.)
 */

NODE *loneof(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *argcopy;

    if (!is_list(car(args))) {
        setcar(args, cons(car(args), NIL));
    }
    /* now the first arg is always a list of objects */

    /* make sure they're really objects */
    argcopy = car(args);
    while (argcopy != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
        while (!is_object(car(argcopy)) && NOT_THROWING) {
            setcar(argcopy, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(argcopy)));
        }
        argcopy = cdr(argcopy);
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
        val = newobj();
        setparents(val, car(args));

        /* apply [[InitList] [Exist Output Self]] cdr(args) */
	return make_cont(withobject_continuation,
			 cons(val,
			      make_cont(begin_apply,
					cons(askexist,
					     cons(cons(cdr(args), NIL),
						  NIL)))));
    }

    return val;
}

/* Each object will be given an Exist method by the user.
 * The global Exist does nothing at all.
 */
NODE *lexist(NODE *args) {
    return UNBOUND;
}

/* Creates the object variable named Symbol, or the object variables named                ,
 * SymbolList within the current object.
 * @params - Symbol or SymbolList
 */
NODE *lhave(NODE *args) {

    if (is_list(car(args))) {
        if (cdr(args) != NIL) {
            err_logo(TOO_MUCH, NIL); /* too many inputs */
        }
        args = car(args);
    }
    /* now args is always a list of symbols. args should not equal to NIL
       because that is checked for before. */

    while (args != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
      NODE *sym = intern(car(args));
      NODE *binding = get_var(sym, current_object);
      //NODE *binding = assoc(sym, getvars(current_object));
      if (binding == UNBOUND) {
	binding = create_var(sym, UNBOUND, current_object);
	//setvars(current_object, cons(sym, getvars(current_object)));
	//setobject(getvars(current_object), UNBOUND);
      }
      args = cdr(args);
    }

    return UNBOUND;
}

/* USUAL.FOO has to be recognized in paren.c as a reference to the FOO method
   in the parent(s), provided we are in the body of FOO, so that we know how
   many inputs it takes.  Then in eval.c we have to look for the parent(s)'
   FOO method.  So there is no lusual() -- it's not a Logo primitive */

/* Changes to Object the object in which subsequent top level instruction will
 * be run until the next time TalkTo is run
 * @params - Object
 */
NODE *ltalkto(NODE *args) {
    while (!is_object(car(args)) && NOT_THROWING)
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));

    if (NOT_THROWING)
	current_object = car(args);

    return UNBOUND;
}

/* Runs RunList, with Object as the current object for the duration of the
 * Ask. After RunList finishes, the current object reverts to what it was
 * before the Ask.
 * @params - Object RunList
 */
NODE *lask(NODE *args) {
    while (!is_object(car(args)) && NOT_THROWING)
        setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	return make_cont(withobject_continuation,
			 cons(car(args),
			      make_cont(begin_seq, cadr(args))));
    }

    return UNBOUND;
}

/* Outputs the current object (the object itself, not its name)
 * @params - none
 */
NODE *lself(NODE *args) {
    return current_object;
}

/* Outputs a list containing the parent(s) of the current Object. The Logo
 * Object has no parents.
 * @params - none
 */
NODE *lparents(NODE *args) {
    return getparents(current_object);
}

/* Outputs a list of the names of the object variables owned by (not
 * inherited by) the current object.
 * @params - none
 */
NODE *lmynames(NODE *args) {
  return getvars(current_object);
}

/* Outputs TRUE if Symbol is the name of an object variable owned by the
 * current object, FALSE otherwise.
 * @params - Symbol
 */
NODE *lmynamep(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;
    arg = name_arg(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
      arg = intern(arg);

      return torf(get_var(arg, current_object) != UNBOUND);

      if (current_object == logo_object) {
        return torf(flag__caseobj(arg, HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE));
      }else{
	return torf(get_var(arg, current_object) != UNBOUND);
        //return torf(assoc(arg, getvars(current_object)) != NIL);
      }
    }

    return UNBOUND;
}

/* Outputs a list of the names of the procedures owned by (not inherited
 * by) the current object.
 * @params - none
 */
NODE *lmyprocs(NODE *args) {
    return getprocs(current_object);
}

/* Outputs TRUE if Symbol is the name of a procedure owned by the current
 * object, FALSE otherwise.
 * @params - Symbol
 */
NODE *lmyprocp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    if (current_object == logo_object)
        return lprocedurep(args); /* return lprocp or just call it? */
    else {
        arg = name_arg(args);
        if (NOT_THROWING)
          return torf(assoc(arg, getprocs(current_object)) != NIL);
    }

    return UNBOUND;
}

/* Outputs the object that owns the accessible variable named Symbol. If there
 * is no such accessible variable, or if it is not an object or global
 * variable, an error is signalled.
 * @params - Symbol
 */

/*
    to whosename :name
    if mynamep :name [output self]
    if equalp self Logo [(throw "error se [No accessible variable] :name)]
    output usual.whosename :name
    end
*/

NODE *lwhosename(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = name_arg(args);

    return varInThisObject(arg, TRUE);
}

/* Outputs the object that owns the accessible procedure named Symbol. If
 * there is no such accessible procedure, an error is signalled.
 * @params - Symbol
 */

/*
    to whoseproc :name
    if myprocp :name [output self]
    if equalp self Logo [(throw "error [No procedure named] :name)]
    output usual.whoseproc :name
    end
*/

/* Helper function */
NODE *assoc(NODE *name, NODE *alist) {
    while (alist != NIL) {
        if (compare_node(name, car(alist), TRUE) == 0)
            return alist;
        alist = cdr(alist);
    }
    return(NIL);
}

/* Looks up value in dynamic bindings and then in Object Hierarchy. If the
 * value is found in one place but not the other, then the value is
 * returned. Otherwise, an error is signalled.
 * @params - name
 */
NODE *varValue(NODE *name) {
  NODE *val;

  name = intern(name);
  val = varInObjectHierarchy(name, TRUE);
  //get_varvalue(name, current_object); //valnode__caseobj(name);

  if ((val != UNBOUND) && flag__caseobj(name, IS_LOCAL_VALUE)) {
    if (varInObjectHierarchy(name, FALSE) != (NODE *)(-1)) {
      err_logo(LOCAL_AND_OBJ, name);
      return UNBOUND;
    }
    //    else {
    //  return val;    /* local binding */
    //}
  }

  return val;
  //val = varInObjectHierarchy(name, TRUE);
  //return((val == (NODE *)(-1)) ? UNBOUND : val);
}

/* Returns the value associated with name, depends on if the logo_object is
 * included in the hierarchy or not.
 */
NODE *varInObjectHierarchy(NODE *name, BOOLEAN includeLogo) {
    NODE *result, *parentList;

    result = get_var(name, current_object);
    //result = assoc(name, getvars(current_object));

    if (result != UNBOUND) {
      // i = includeLogo, c => cur = logo, result
      // i c, (i or !c)
      // 0 0, 1         don't include logo, c != logo
      // 0 1, 0         don't include logo, c = logo
      // 1 0, 1         include logo, c != logo wron
      // 1 1, 1         include logo, c = logo
      if (includeLogo || (current_object != logo_object)){
	return valnode__object(result);}}

    for (parentList = parent_list(current_object);
	 parentList != NIL;
	 parentList = cdr(parentList)) {
      
      result = get_var(name, car(parentList));
      if (result != UNBOUND){
	if (includeLogo || (car(parentList) != logo_object)){
	  return valnode__object(result);}}
    }

    return (NODE *)(-1);

    /*
    if (!includeLogo) {
        return (NODE *)(-1);
    }

    result = intern(name);
    if (flag__caseobj(result, IS_LOCAL_VALUE)) {
        return (NODE *)(-1);
    }
    return valnode__caseobj(result);
    */
}

/* Returns the object which contains the name, depends on if the
 * logo_object is included in the hierarchy or not.
 */
NODE *varInThisObject(NODE *name, BOOLEAN includeLogo) {
    NODE *object, *result, *parentList;

    result = get_var(name, current_object);

    //result = assoc(name, getvars(current_object));
    if (result != UNBOUND){
      if (includeLogo || (current_object != logo_object)){
	return current_object;}}


    for (parentList = parent_list(current_object);
	 parentList != NIL && result == UNBOUND;
	 parentList = cdr(parentList)) {

      object = car(parentList);
      result = get_var(name, object);

      if (result != UNBOUND){
	if (includeLogo || (object != logo_object)){
	  return object;}}

      //result = assoc(name, getvars(car(parentList)));
      //if (result != UNBOUND) return object;
    }

    return NIL;

    /*
    if (!includeLogo) return NIL;

    result = intern(name);
    if (flag__caseobj(result, IS_LOCAL_VALUE)) return NIL;
    return logo_object;
    */
}

/* Returns the procedure associated with name.
 */
extern void dbprint(NODE*);

/*
 * Finds an inherited procedure, returns it and also sets
 * the parent handle to the parent the proc came from
 */
NODE *getInheritedProcWithParent(NODE *name, NODE *obj, NODE **parent){
    NODE *result, *parentList;

    // initialize the return value
    // incase there are no parents
    result = UNDEFINED;

    for (parentList = parent_list(obj);
	 parentList != NIL && result == UNDEFINED;
	 parentList = cdr(parentList)) {
      result = get_proc(name, car(parentList));
      if (parent != 0){
	*parent = car(parentList);      
      }
    }

    // result should be UNDEFINED or a proc at this point
    return result;
}


/* Searches the parents for the given proc
 * if found, returns the proc 
 * if not found, returns UNDEFINED
 */
NODE *getInheritedProc(NODE *name, NODE *obj){
    NODE *result, *parentList;

    // initialize the return value
    // incase there are no parents
    result = UNDEFINED;

    for (parentList = parent_list(obj);
	 parentList != NIL && result == UNDEFINED;
	 parentList = cdr(parentList)) {
      result = get_proc(name, car(parentList));
    }

    // result should be UNDEFINED or a proc at this point
    return result;

    //return getInheritedProcWithParent(name, obj, (NODE**)0);
}

NODE *procValueWithParent(NODE *name, NODE **owner){
  NODE *result, *parentList;

  result = get_proc(name, current_object);

  if (result != UNDEFINED) {
    if (owner != 0){
      *owner = current_object;
    }
    return result;
  }
  
  // search all parents, will return UNDEFINED if not found
  return getInheritedProcWithParent(name, current_object, owner);
}

NODE *procValue(NODE *name) {
  return procValueWithParent(name, (NODE**)0);
}

/*
(define (parent-list obj)
  (define (help obj)
    (let ((p (parents obj)))
      (if (null? p)
      (list obj)
      (cons obj (flatten (map parent-list p))))))
  (remdup (cdr (help obj))))
*/

extern NODE* remdup(NODE *seq);

NODE *parent_list_help(NODE *obj) {
    NODE *p, *out, *tail;

    out = tail = cons(obj, NIL);
    for (p = getparents(obj); p != NIL; p = cdr(p)) {
        setcdr(tail, parent_list_help(car(p)));
        while (cdr(tail) != NIL) tail = cdr(tail);
    }
    return out;
}
NODE *parent_list(NODE *obj) {
    return remdup(cdr(parent_list_help(obj)));
}

/*
(define (remdup seq)
  (cond ((null? seq) '())
    ((memq (car seq) (cdr seq)) (remdup (cdr seq)))
    (else (cons (car seq) (remdup (cdr seq))))))
*/

NODE* remdup(NODE *seq) {
    NODE* okay;
    
    if (seq == NIL)
        return seq;

    /* finds the first element of new seq list */
    while (memq(car(seq), cdr(seq))) {
        seq = cdr(seq);
    }

    for (okay = seq; cdr(okay) != NIL; okay = cdr(okay)) {
        while (memq(cadr(okay), cddr(okay))) {
            setcdr(okay, cddr(okay));
        }
    }

    return seq;
}

/* returns true if item is a member of list, returns false otherwise */
BOOLEAN memq(NODE *item, NODE *list) {
    while (list != NIL) {
        if (item == car(list))
            return TRUE;
        list = cdr(list);
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/* representation of an object */
NODE *lrepresentation(NODE *args) {
    NODE *license, *binding, *classbind;
    char buffer[200];
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    print_stringlen = 200;
    print_stringptr = buffer;

    license = get_varvalue(theName(Name_licenseplate), current_object); 
    //assoc(theName(Name_licenseplate), getvars(current_object));

    ndprintf(NULL, "${Object %p", license); //getobject(license));
    binding = get_varvalue(theName(Name_name), current_object); 
    //binding = assoc(theName(Name_name), getvars(current_object));
    if (binding != NIL && binding != UNBOUND) {
	ndprintf(NULL, ": %p", binding);
    }
    
    classbind = get_varvalue(theName(Name_class), current_object);
    //classbind = assoc(theName(Name_class), getvars(current_object));
    if (classbind != UNBOUND) {
	if (binding == UNBOUND) {
	    ndprintf(NULL, ":");
	}else {
	    ndprintf(NULL, ",");
	}
	ndprintf(NULL, " the class %p", classbind);
    } else {
      classbind = varInObjectHierarchy(theName(Name_class), FALSE);
      if (classbind != UNBOUND && classbind != (NODE *)(-1)) {
	if (binding == NIL) {
	  ndprintf(NULL, ":");
	} else {
	  ndprintf(NULL, ",");
	}
	ndprintf(NULL, " a %p", classbind);
      }
    }

    ndprintf(NULL, "}");
    print_stringptr = '\0';
    print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
    print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    return make_strnode(buffer, NULL, strlen(buffer), STRING, strnzcpy);
}

#endif
ucblogo-6.1/math.c0000664000175000017500000004035713575571772012243 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      math.c          logo math functions module              dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define isdigit(dig)    (dig >= '0' && dig <= '9')

int numberp(NODE *snd) {
    int dl,dr, pcnt, plen;
    char *p;

    if (is_number(snd)) return(1);

    snd = cnv_node_to_strnode(snd);
    if (snd == UNBOUND) return(0);

    p = getstrptr(snd); plen = getstrlen(snd); pcnt = dl = dr = 0;
    if (plen >= MAX_NUMBER) {
	return(0);
    }

    if (pcnt < plen && *p == '-')
	p++, pcnt++;

    while (pcnt < plen && isdigit(*p))
	p++, pcnt++, dl++;

    if (pcnt < plen && *p == '.') {
	p++, pcnt++;
	while (pcnt < plen && isdigit(*p))
	    p++, pcnt++, dr++;
    }

    if (pcnt < plen && (dl || dr) && (*p == 'E' || *p == 'e')) {
	p++, pcnt++;

	if (pcnt < plen && (*p == '+' || *p == '-'))
	    p++, pcnt++;

	while (pcnt < plen && isdigit(*p))
	    p++, pcnt++, dr++;
    }

    if ((dl == 0 && dr == 0) || pcnt != plen)
	return (0);
    else
	return (dr + 1);
}

NODE *lrandom(NODE *arg) {
	NODE *val;
	unsigned long r, base, range;

	val = pos_int_arg(arg);
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    if (cdr(arg)==0) {	/* (random 10) => (0, 10) */
		base = 0;
		range = getint(val);
	    } else {		/* (random 3 10) => (3, 8) */
		base = getint(val);
		val = pos_int_arg(arg);
		if (NOT_THROWING) { /* (random 0 9) <=> (random 10) */
		    range = getint(val);
		    range = range + 1 - base;
		}
	    }
	}
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
#ifdef HAVE_SRANDOM
	    r = (range <= 0 ? 0 : random() % range);
#else
	    r = (((long)rand()) << 15) | rand();
	    r = (range <= 0 ? 0 : r % range);
#endif
	    r += base;
	    val = newnode(INT);
	    setint(val, (FIXNUM)r);
	    return(val);
	} else return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lrerandom(NODE *arg) {
	int seed=1;

	if (arg != NIL) {
		seed = int_arg(arg);
	}
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
#ifdef HAVE_SRANDOM
		srandom((int)seed);
#else
		srand((int)seed);
#endif
	}
	return(UNBOUND);
}

jmp_buf oflo_buf;
BOOLEAN handling_oflo = FALSE;

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
#define sig_arg 0
RETSIGTYPE handle_oflo(int sig) {
#else
#define sig_arg 
RETSIGTYPE handle_oflo() {
#endif
    signal(SIGFPE, handle_oflo);
    if (handling_oflo) longjmp(oflo_buf,1);
    SIGRET
}

void math_init() {
    signal(SIGFPE, handle_oflo);
}

#ifdef HAVE_MATHERR
int matherr(struct exception *x) {
    if (x->type == UNDERFLOW) return(1);
    longjmp(oflo_buf,1);
}
#endif

#ifdef mac
FLONUM degrad = 0.017453292520;
#else
FLONUM degrad = 3.141592653589793227020265931059839203954/180.0;
#endif

#if defined(mac)||defined(ibm)
#define errchk(x) {errno = 0; x; if (errno) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);}
#include 
#else
#define errchk(x) x
#endif

NODE *binary(NODE *args, char fcn) {
    NODE *arg, *val;
    BOOLEAN imode;
    FIXNUM iarg = 0, ival = 0, oval, nval;
    FLONUM farg = 0.0, fval = 0.0;
    int sign, wantint=0;

    /* Force imode, arg and fval into the stack because otherwise they may be
       clobbered during setjmp/longjmp. Especially on Sparc. */
    (void)&imode; (void)&arg; (void)&fval;

/*
    if (fcn == '%' || fcn == 'm')
	arg = integer_arg(args);
    else
 */
	arg = numeric_arg(args);
    args = cdr(args);
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) return UNBOUND;
    if (nodetype(arg) == INT) {
	imode = TRUE;
	ival = getint(arg);
    } else {
	imode = FALSE;
	fval = getfloat(arg);
    }
    if (args == NIL) {    /* one argument supplied */
      if (imode)
	switch(fcn) {
	  case '-': ival = -ival; break;
	  case '~': ival = ~ival; break;
	  case 's':
	  case 'c':
	  case 't':
	  case 'S':
	  case 'C':
	  case 'T':
	  case 'q':
	  case 'e':
	  case 'g':
	  case 'n':
	  case '/':
	    imode = FALSE;
	    fval = (FLONUM)ival;
	    break;
	}
      if (imode == FALSE) {
       if (!setjmp(oflo_buf)) {
	switch(fcn) {
	  case '-': fval = -fval; break;
	  case '/':
	    if (fval == 0.0)
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
	    else
		fval = 1/fval;
	    break;
	  case '~': err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg); break;
	  case 'c':
	    fval = 90.0 - fval;
	  case 's':
	    /* Kahan sez we can't just multiply any old
	     * angle by degrad, but have to get into the
	     * range 0-45 first */
	    sign = (fval < 0.0);
	    if (sign) fval = -fval;
#ifndef HAVE_DREM
	    fval = fmod(fval,360.0);
#else
	    fval = drem(fval,360.0);
#endif
	    if (fval > 180.0) {
		fval -= 180.0;
		sign = !sign;
	    }
	    if (fval > 90.0) fval = 180.0 - fval;
	    if (fval > 45.0)
		fval = cos((90.0-fval)*degrad);
	    else
		fval = sin(fval*degrad);
	    if (sign) fval = -fval;
	    break;
	  case 't': fval = atan(fval)/degrad; break;
	  case 'S': fval = sin(fval); break;
	  case 'C': fval = cos(fval); break;
	  case 'T': fval = atan(fval); break;
	  case 'q': errchk(fval = sqrt(fval)); break;
	  case 'e': errchk(fval = exp(fval)); break;
	  case 'g': errchk(fval = log10(fval)); break;
	  case 'n': errchk(fval = log(fval)); break;
	  case 'r':
	    fval += (fval < 0 ? -0.5 : 0.5);
	  case 'i':
	    handling_oflo = TRUE;
	    if (fval > (FLONUM)MAXLOGOINT ||
		    fval < -(FLONUM)MAXLOGOINT)
		handle_oflo(sig_arg);
	    ival = (FIXNUM)fval;
	    imode = TRUE;
	    handling_oflo = FALSE;
	    break;
	}
       } else {	/* overflow */
	    if (fcn == 'r' || fcn == 'i') {
	      if (fval < 0.0)
		fval = ceil(fval);
	      else
		fval = floor(fval);
	    } else
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
       }
      }	    /* end float case */
    }	    /* end monadic */
    while (args != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
/*
	if (fcn == '%' || fcn == 'm')
	    arg = integer_arg(args);
	else
 */
	    arg = numeric_arg(args);
	args = cdr(args);
	if (stopping_flag == THROWING) return UNBOUND;

	if (nodetype(arg) == INT) {
	    if (imode) iarg = getint(arg);
	    else farg = (FLONUM)getint(arg);
	} else {
	    if (imode) {
		fval = (FLONUM)ival;
		imode = FALSE;
	    }
	    farg = getfloat(arg);
	}

	if (imode) {
	    oval = ival;
	    handling_oflo = TRUE;
	    if (setjmp(oflo_buf) == 0) {
	     switch(fcn) {
	      case '-': iarg = -iarg;
	      case '+':
		if (iarg < 0) {
		    nval = ival + iarg;
		    if (nval >= ival) {
			imode = FALSE;
			fcn = '+';
			fval = (FLONUM)ival;
			farg = (FLONUM)iarg;
		    } else ival = nval;
		} else {
		    nval = ival + iarg;
		    if (nval < ival) {
			imode = FALSE;
			fcn = '+';
			fval = (FLONUM)ival;
			farg = (FLONUM)iarg;
		    } else ival = nval;
		}
		break;
	      case '/':
		if (iarg == 0)
		  err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
		else
		  if (ival % iarg != 0) {
		    imode = FALSE;
		    fval = (FLONUM)ival;
		    farg = (FLONUM)iarg;
		  }
		  else ival /= iarg;
		  break;
	      case '%':
		if (iarg == 0)
		  err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
		else
		  ival %= iarg;
		break;
	      case 'm':
		if (iarg == 0)
		  err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
		else
		  ival %= iarg;
		if ((ival < 0) != (iarg < 0))
		    ival += iarg;
		break;
	      case '&': ival &= iarg; break;
	      case '|': ival |= iarg; break;
	      case '^': ival ^= iarg; break;
	      case 'a':
	      case 'l':
		if (iarg < 0) {
		  if (fcn == 'a')
		    ival >>= -iarg;
		  else
		    ival = (unsigned)ival
			>> -iarg;
		} else
		  ival <<= iarg;
		break;
	      case '*':
		if (ival < SAFEINT && ival > -SAFEINT &&
		    iarg < SAFEINT && iarg > -SAFEINT) {
		    ival *= iarg;
		    break;
		}
		wantint++;
	      default: /* math library */
		imode = FALSE;
		fval = (FLONUM)ival;
		farg = (FLONUM)iarg;
	     }
	    } else {    /* integer overflow detected */
		imode = FALSE;
		fval = (FLONUM)oval;
		farg = (FLONUM)iarg;
	    }
	    handling_oflo = FALSE;
	}
	if (imode == FALSE) {
	  handling_oflo = TRUE;
	  if (setjmp(oflo_buf) == 0) {
	    switch(fcn) {
	      case '+': fval += farg; break;
	      case '-': fval -= farg; break;
	      case '*':
		fval *= farg;
		if (wantint) {
		    wantint = 0;
		    if (fval <= MAXLOGOINT && fval >= -MAXLOGOINT) {
			imode = TRUE;
			ival = (FIXNUM)fval;
		    }
		}
		break;
	      case '/':
		    if (farg == 0.0)
		      err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
		    else
		      fval /= farg;
		    break;
	      case 't':
		errchk(fval = atan2(farg,fval)/degrad);
		break;
	      case 'T':
		errchk(fval = atan2(farg,fval));
		break;
	      case 'p':
		errchk(fval = pow(fval,farg));
		break;
	      case '%':
		if (farg == 0.0)
		    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
		else
		    errchk(fval = fmod(fval,farg));
		break;
	      case 'm':
		if (farg == 0.0)
		    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
		else
		    errchk(fval = fmod(fval,farg));
		if ((fval < 0.0) != (farg < 0.0))
		    fval += farg;
		break;
	      default: /* logical op */
		if (nodetype(arg) == INT)
		  err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, make_floatnode(fval));
		else
		  err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
	    }
	  } else {    /* floating overflow detected */
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
	  }
	  handling_oflo = FALSE;
	}    /* end floating point */
    }	/* end dyadic */
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (imode) {
	    val = newnode(INT);
	    setint(val, ival);
	} else {
	    val = newnode(FLOATT);
	    setfloat(val, fval);
	}
	return(val);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *ladd(NODE *args) {
    if (args == NIL) return make_intnode(0L);
    return(binary(args, '+'));
}

NODE *lsub(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, '-'));
}

NODE *lmul(NODE *args) {
    if (args == NIL) return make_intnode(1L);
    return(binary(args, '*'));
}

NODE *ldivide(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, '/'));
}

NODE *lremainder(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, '%'));
}

NODE *lmodulo(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'm'));
}

NODE *lbitand(NODE *args) {
    if (args == NIL) return make_intnode(-1);
    return(binary(args, '&'));
}

NODE *lbitor(NODE *args) {
    if (args == NIL) return make_intnode(0);
    return(binary(args, '|'));
}

NODE *lbitxor(NODE *args) {
    if (args == NIL) return make_intnode(0);
    return(binary(args, '^'));
}

NODE *lashift(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'a'));
}

NODE *llshift(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'l'));
}

NODE *lbitnot(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, '~'));
}

NODE *lsin(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 's'));
}

NODE *lcos(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'c'));
}

NODE *latan(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 't'));
}

NODE *lradsin(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'S'));
}

NODE *lradcos(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'C'));
}

NODE *lradatan(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'T'));
}

NODE *lsqrt(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'q'));
}

NODE *linteg(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'i'));
}

NODE *lroundx(NODE *args) { /* There's an lround in  */
    return(binary(args, 'r'));
}

NODE *lexp(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'e'));
}

NODE *llog10(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'g'));
}

NODE *lln(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'n'));
}

NODE *lpower(NODE *args) {
    return(binary(args, 'p'));
}

int compare_numnodes(NODE *n1, NODE *n2) {
    FLONUM f;
    FIXNUM i;

    if (nodetype(n1) == INT) {
	if (nodetype(n2) == INT) {
	    i = getint(n1) - getint(n2);
	    return (i == 0L ? 0 : (i > 0L ? 1 : -1));
	} else {
	    f = (FLONUM)getint(n1) - getfloat(n2);
	    return(f == 0.0 ? 0 : (f > 0.0 ? 1 : -1));
	}
    }
    else {
	if (nodetype(n2) == INT) {
	    f = getfloat(n1) - (FLONUM)getint(n2);
	    return(f == 0.0 ? 0 : (f > 0.0 ? 1 : -1));
	}
	else {
	    f = getfloat(n1) - getfloat(n2);
	    return(f == 0.0 ? 0 : (f > 0.0 ? 1 : -1));
	}
    }
}

NODE *torf(BOOLEAN tf) {
    return (tf ? TrueName() : FalseName());
}

NODE *llessp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *n1, *n2;

    n1 = numeric_arg(args);
    n2 = numeric_arg(cdr(args));

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	return torf(compare_numnodes(n1, n2) < 0);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *llessequalp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *n1, *n2;

    n1 = numeric_arg(args);
    n2 = numeric_arg(cdr(args));

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	return torf(compare_numnodes(n1, n2) <= 0);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lgreaterp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *n1, *n2;

    n1 = numeric_arg(args);
    n2 = numeric_arg(cdr(args));

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	return torf(compare_numnodes(n1, n2) > 0);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lgreaterequalp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *n1, *n2;

    n1 = numeric_arg(args);
    n2 = numeric_arg(cdr(args));

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	return torf(compare_numnodes(n1, n2) >= 0);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

int compare_node(NODE *n1, NODE *n2, BOOLEAN ignorecase) {
    NODE *a1 = NIL, *a2 = NIL, *nn1 = NIL, *nn2 = NIL;
    int icmp = 0, cmp_len;
    NODETYPES nt1, nt2;

    if (n1 == n2) return 0;

    nt1 = nodetype(n1);
    nt2 = nodetype(n2);

    if (!(nt1 & NT_WORD) || !(nt2 & NT_WORD)) return -9999;

    if (nt1==QUOTE && is_list(node__quote(n1))) return -9999;
    if (nt2==QUOTE && is_list(node__quote(n2))) return -9999;

    if (nt1 == CASEOBJ && nt2 == CASEOBJ && ignorecase &&
	 (object__caseobj(n1) == object__caseobj(n2))) return 0;

    if ((nt1 & NT_NUMBER) && (nt2 & NT_NUMBER))
	return compare_numnodes(n1, n2);

    if (nt1 & NT_NUMBER) {
	nn2 = cnv_node_to_numnode(n2);
	if (nn2 != UNBOUND) {
	    icmp = compare_numnodes(n1, nn2);
	    return icmp;
	}
    }

    if (nt2 & NT_NUMBER) {
	nn1 = cnv_node_to_numnode(n1);
	if (nn1 != UNBOUND) {
	    icmp = compare_numnodes(nn1, n2);
	    return icmp;
	}
    }

    a1 = cnv_node_to_strnode(n1);
    a2 = cnv_node_to_strnode(n2);
    nt1 = nodetype(a1);
    nt2 = nodetype(a2);
    if (nt1 == STRING && nt2 == STRING) {
	if (getstrptr(a1) == getstrptr(a2))
	    icmp = getstrlen(a1) - getstrlen(a2);
	else {
	    cmp_len = (getstrlen(a1) > getstrlen(a2)) ?
		    getstrlen(a2) : getstrlen(a1);

	    if (ignorecase)
		icmp = low_strncmp(getstrptr(a1), getstrptr(a2), cmp_len);
	    else
		icmp = strncmp(getstrptr(a1), getstrptr(a2), cmp_len);
	    if (icmp == 0)
		icmp = getstrlen(a1) - getstrlen(a2);
	}
    }
    else if (nt1 & NT_BACKSL || nt2 & NT_BACKSL) {
	if (getstrptr(a1) == getstrptr(a2))
	    icmp = getstrlen(a1) - getstrlen(a2);
	else {
	    cmp_len = (getstrlen(a1) > getstrlen(a2)) ?
			getstrlen(a2) : getstrlen(a1);

	    if (ignorecase)
		icmp = noparitylow_strncmp(getstrptr(a1),
					   getstrptr(a2), cmp_len);
	    else
		icmp = noparity_strncmp(getstrptr(a1), getstrptr(a2), cmp_len);
	    if (icmp == 0)
		icmp = getstrlen(a1) - getstrlen(a2);
	}
    }
    else err_logo(FATAL, NIL);
 
    return(icmp);
}

BOOLEAN equalp_help(NODE *arg1, NODE *arg2, BOOLEAN ignc) {
    if (is_list(arg1)) {
	if (!is_list(arg2)) return FALSE;
	while (arg1 != NIL && arg2 != NIL) {
	    if (!equalp_help(car(arg1), car(arg2), ignc))
		return FALSE;
	    arg1 = cdr(arg1);
	    arg2 = cdr(arg2);
	    if (check_throwing) break;
	}
	return (arg1 == NIL && arg2 == NIL);
    } else if (is_list(arg2))
	return FALSE;
    else if (nodetype(arg1) == ARRAY) {
	if (nodetype(arg2) != ARRAY) return FALSE;
	return (arg1 == arg2);
    } else if (nodetype(arg2) == ARRAY)
	return FALSE;
    else return (!compare_node(arg1, arg2, ignc));
}

NODE *lequalp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg1, *arg2;
    BOOLEAN val;

    arg1 = car(args);
    arg2 = cadr(args);

    if (varTrue(Caseignoredp))
	val = equalp_help(arg1, arg2, TRUE);
    else
	val = equalp_help(arg1, arg2, FALSE);

    return(torf(val));
}

NODE *lnotequalp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg1, *arg2;
    BOOLEAN val;

    arg1 = car(args);
    arg2 = cadr(args);

    if (varTrue(Caseignoredp))
	val = equalp_help(arg1, arg2, TRUE);
    else
	val = equalp_help(arg1, arg2, FALSE);

    return(torf(!val));
}

NODE *l_eq(NODE *args) {
    return torf(car(args) == cadr(args));
}

NODE *lbeforep(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg1, *arg2;
    int val;

    arg1 = string_arg(args);
    arg2 = string_arg(cdr(args));

    if (varTrue(Caseignoredp))
	val = compare_node(arg1, arg2, TRUE);
    else
	val = compare_node(arg1, arg2, FALSE);

    return (val < 0 ? TrueName() : FalseName());
}
ucblogo-6.1/macterm.h0000664000175000017500000001051013575571772012733 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      macterm.h          mac-specific graphics macros         mak
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */
 
#include 
extern WindowPtr graphics_window, listener_window;  /* mak */

#define GR_SIZE 30000

#define prepare_to_draw GetPort(&savePort); SetPort(graphics_window)
#define done_drawing SetPort(savePort)

#define prepare_to_draw_turtle nop()
#define done_drawing_turtle nop()

#define screen_left 1
#define screen_right (graphics_window->portRect.right - 1)
#define screen_top 1
#define screen_bottom (graphics_window->portRect.bottom - 1)

#define screen_height (1 + screen_bottom - screen_top)
#define screen_width (1 + screen_right - screen_left)

#define screen_x_center (screen_left + (screen_width)/2)
#define screen_y_center (screen_top + (screen_height)/2)

#define turtle_left_max ((screen_left) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_right_max ((screen_right) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_top_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_top))
#define turtle_bottom_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_bottom))

#define screen_x_coord ((screen_x_center) + turtle_x)
#define screen_y_coord ((screen_y_center) - turtle_y)

#define turtle_height 18
#define turtle_half_bottom 6.0
#define turtle_side 19.0

#define clear_screen erase_screen()

#define line_to(x,y) LineTo(x,y)
#define move_to(x,y) MoveTo(x,y)
#define draw_string(s) DrawString(s)
#define set_pen_vis(v) graphics_window->pnVis = v
#define set_pen_mode(m) graphics_window->pnMode = m
#define set_pen_color(c) mac_set_pc(c)
#define set_back_ground(c) mac_set_bg(c);
#define set_pen_width(w) graphics_window->pnSize.h = w
#define set_pen_height(h) graphics_window->pnSize.v = h
#define set_pen_x(x) graphics_window->pnLoc.h = x
#define set_pen_y(y) graphics_window->pnLoc.v = y

/* pen_info is a stucture type with fields for the various
   pen characteristics including the location, size, color,
   mode (e.g. XOR or COPY), pattern, visibility (0 = visible) */

typedef struct { PenState ps;
				 int      vis;
				 long     color; } pen_info;

#define p_info_x(p) p.ps.pnLoc.h
#define p_info_y(p) p.ps.pnLoc.v

#define pen_width graphics_window->pnSize.h
#define pen_height graphics_window->pnSize.v
#define pen_mode graphics_window->pnMode
#define pen_vis graphics_window->pnVis
#define pen_x graphics_window->pnLoc.h
#define pen_y graphics_window->pnLoc.v
#define get_node_pen_pattern Get_node_pen_pattern()

#define pen_reverse graphics_window->pnMode = patXor
#define pen_erase graphics_window->pnMode = patBic
#define pen_down graphics_window->pnMode = patCopy

#define button Button()
#define mouse_x mickey_x()
#define mouse_y mickey_y()

#define full_screen f_screen()
#define split_screen s_screen()
#define text_screen t_screen()

#define max(x,y) ((x > y) ? x : y)

/* colors
#define	blackColor		33
#define	whiteColor		30
#define	redColor		205
#define	greenColor		341
#define	blueColor		409
#define	cyanColor		273
#define	magentaColor	137
#define	yellowColor		69 */

extern GrafPtr savePort;
extern int x_coord, y_coord, x_max, y_max, tty_charmode;
extern char so_arr[], se_arr[];

extern void save_pen(), restore_pen(), plain_xor_pen(), set_pen_pattern();
extern void set_list_pen_pattern(), get_pen_pattern(), erase_screen();
extern void t_screen(), s_screen(), f_screen(), tone(), logofill(), nop();
extern FIXNUM mickey_x(), mickey_y();
extern NODE *Get_node_pen_pattern();
extern void c_to_pascal_string(), pascal_to_c_string();
extern FIXNUM pen_color, back_ground;
extern void mac_set_pc(), mac_set_bg();
extern void get_palette(int slot,
			unsigned int *r, unsigned int *g, unsigned int *b);
extern void set_palette(int slot,
			unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b);
ucblogo-6.1/macterm.c0000664000175000017500000004231613575571772012737 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      macterm.c          macintosh screen module          mak
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include "macterm.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

char *LogoPlatformName="MacOS-Classic";

char windowtitle[100];
FILE *graphics, *console;
WindowPtr graphics_window, listener_window;
GrafPtr savePort;
extern WindowPtr myWindow; /* the editor window */
FIXNUM pen_color = 7, back_ground = 0;

/************************************************************/

void nop() {
}

int can_do_color = 0, want_color = 0;
PaletteHandle the_palette;

void get_can_do_color(void) {
	long ans;

	if (!Gestalt(gestaltQuickdrawVersion, &ans))
		can_do_color = (ans != 0);
}

void init_mac_memory(void) {
    unsigned long AZ, AL;
    /* SetApplLimit((Ptr)(GetApplLimit() - 150000L)); MaxApplZone(); */
    
    AL = (unsigned long)GetApplLimit(); AZ = (unsigned long)ApplicZone();
/*    SetApplLimit((Ptr) ( (AZ + ((AL-AZ)*3)/4) & 0x00fffffe )); */
		/* SetApplLimit((Ptr)(AZ + 300000L)); */
    SetApplLimit((Ptr)((AZ + ((AL-AZ)*3)/4) & -2L)); /* PCB */
    MaxApplZone();
}

BOOLEAN check_mac_stop(void) {
    char	    the_key_map[16];
    static int full = 400;
    static int gotkey = 0;
    extern void ProcessEvent(void);

    if (FreeMem() < 3000) {
	err_logo(STACK_OVERFLOW, NIL);
	return(1);
    }
    GetKeys((unsigned long *)&the_key_map);
    if (the_key_map[5] & 128 && the_key_map[6] & 128) {
		    /* period and command are down */
	if (!gotkey) {
	    gotkey = 1;
	    FlushEvents(everyEvent, 0);
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
	    logo_stop(0);
#else
	    logo_stop();
#endif
	    return 1;
	}
    } else if (the_key_map[5] & 8 && the_key_map[6] & 128) {
		    /* comma and command are down */
	if (!gotkey) {
	    gotkey = 1;
	    FlushEvents(everyEvent, 0);
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
	    logo_pause(0);
#else
	    logo_pause();
#endif
	}
    } else
	gotkey = 0;
    if (--full == 0) {
        ProcessEvent();
        full = 400;
    }
    return(0);
}

void term_init_mac(void) {
    MenuHandle menu_handle;
    
	get_can_do_color();
    tty_charmode = 0;
    x_max = 80;
    y_max = 24;
    console_options.title = (unsigned char *)windowtitle;
    console_options.top-= 5;
    console_options.left-= 5;
    strncpy((char *)console_options.title, (char const *)"\pGraphics", 9);
	want_color = 1;
    graphics = fopenc();
	want_color = 0;
    cgotoxy(1, 1, graphics);
    graphics_window = FrontWindow();
	if (can_do_color) {
		the_palette = GetNewPalette(131);
		SetPalette(graphics_window, the_palette, 1);
		ActivatePalette(graphics_window);
	}
    SizeWindow(graphics_window, graphics_window->portRect.right,
				graphics_window->portRect.bottom - 1, 0);
    cs_helper(TRUE);

    console_options.top+= 10;
    console_options.left+= 10;
    strncpy((char *)console_options.title, (char const *)"\pBerkeley Logo", 14);
    console = fopenc();
    lregulartext(NIL);
    cinverse(1,stdout);
    listener_window = FrontWindow();
    
    console_options.title[0] = 0;
    
    menu_handle = GetMHandle(3);
    AppendMenu(menu_handle,
	       "\p(-;(Accept Editor Changes/A;(Cancel Editor Changes");
    AppendMenu(menu_handle, "\p(-;(Page Setup;(Print/P");
    SetUpWindows();
    prepare_to_draw;
    mac_set_bg(0L);
    mac_set_pc(7L);
    save_color();
    done_drawing;

    x_coord = y_coord = 0;
    so_arr[0] = '\1'; so_arr[1] = '\0';
    se_arr[0] = '\2'; se_arr[1] = '\0';
}

void mac_gotoxy(int x, int y) {
/* 4.4
    if (x_coord < 0) x_coord = 0;
    if (x_coord >= console_options.ncols) x_coord = console_options.ncols - 1;
    if (y_coord < 0) y_coord = 0;
    if (y_coord >= console_options.nrows) y_coord = console_options.nrows - 1;
 */
    cgotoxy(x_coord + 1, y_coord + 1, stdout);
}

/************************************************************/
/* These are primitives that can only exist on the mac and/or are ad hoc
   things Michael invented that we probably don't want to keep around in Berkeley Logo. */

NODE *lsetwindowtitle(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *name;
    
    name = string_arg(arg);
    if (name != UNBOUND) {
	noparity_strnzcpy((char *)(windowtitle + 1), getstrptr(name), (int)getstrlen(name));
	windowtitle[0] = (char)getstrlen(name);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void option_helper(short* var, NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val;
    
    val = integer_arg(arg);
    if (NOT_THROWING)
	*var = (short)getint(val);
}

NODE *lsettextfont(NODE *arg) {
    option_helper(&console_options.txFont, arg);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsettextsize(NODE *arg) {
    option_helper(&console_options.txSize, arg);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsettextstyle(NODE *arg) {
    option_helper(&console_options.txFace, arg);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetwindowsize(NODE *args) {
    NODE *xnode, *ynode = UNBOUND, *arg;

    arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	xnode = car(arg);
	ynode = cadr(arg);
	console_options.ncols =  max((int)getint(xnode), 40);
	console_options.nrows =  max((int)getint(ynode), 5);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetwindowxy(NODE *args) {
    NODE *xnode, *ynode = UNBOUND, *arg;

    arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	xnode = car(arg);
	ynode = cadr(arg);
	console_options.left = (int)getint(xnode);
	console_options.top = (int)getint(ynode);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lnewconsole(NODE *args) {
    FILE *c, *old;
    int was_graphics;
    
    was_graphics = (FrontWindow() == graphics_window);
    
    chide(stdin);
    fclose(stdin);
    fclose(stdout);
    fclose(stderr);
    c = fopenc();
    fclose(stdin);
    fclose(stdout);
    freopenc(c, stdin);
    freopenc(c, stdout);
    freopenc(c, stderr);
    lcleartext(NIL);
    cinverse(1,stdout);
    
    if (was_graphics) {
	graphics_window = FrontWindow();
	graphics = c;
    } else {
	listener_window = FrontWindow();
	console = c;
	x_max = console_options.ncols;
	y_max = console_options.nrows;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lgraphtext(NODE *args) {
    freopenc(graphics, stdin);
    freopenc(graphics, stdout);
    freopenc(graphics, stderr);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lregulartext(NODE *args) {
    freopenc(console, stdin);
    freopenc(console, stdout);
    freopenc(console, stderr);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lcaninverse(NODE *args) {
    FIXNUM onoff = int_arg(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING) cinverse(onoff, stdin);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

/************************************************************/
/* These are the machine-specific graphics definitions.  All versions must provide
   a set of functions analogous to these. */

void save_pen(pen_info *p) {
    GetPort(&savePort);
    SetPort(graphics_window);
    GetPenState(&(p->ps));
    p->vis = graphics_window->pnVis;
//    p->color = graphics_window->fgColor;
	p->color = pen_color;
    SetPort(savePort);
}

void restore_pen(pen_info *p) {
    GetPort(&savePort);
    SetPort(graphics_window);
    SetPenState(&(p->ps));
    graphics_window->pnVis = p->vis;
//    graphics_window->fgColor = p->color;
	mac_set_pc(p->color);
    SetPort(savePort);
}

void plain_xor_pen(void) {
    PenNormal();
    PenMode(patXor);
}

FIXNUM color_table[8] = {33, 409, 341, 273, 205, 137, 69, 30};

FIXNUM hw_color(FIXNUM c) {
    if (c >= 0 && c < 8) return color_table[c];
    if (c < 0) return c;
    return c-8;
}

int palette_color(FIXNUM c) {
	if (c == 7) return 0;
	if (c >= 0 && c < 7) return c+1;
	return c;
}

void mac_set_pc(FIXNUM c) {
    pen_color = c;
	if (can_do_color)
		PmForeColor(palette_color(c+2));
	else
		graphics_window->fgColor = hw_color(c);
}

void mac_set_bg(FIXNUM c) {
    back_ground = c;
	if (can_do_color)
		PmBackColor(palette_color(c+2));
	else
		graphics_window->bkColor = hw_color(c);
    redraw_graphics();
}

void set_palette(int slot, unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b) {
	RGBColor rgb;

	if (can_do_color) {
		slot+=2;
		rgb.red = r;
		rgb.green = g;
		rgb.blue = b;
		SetEntryColor(the_palette, slot, &rgb);
		SetEntryUsage(the_palette, slot, pmTolerant, 2000);
		ActivatePalette(graphics_window);
		redraw_graphics();
	}
}

void get_palette(int slot, unsigned int *r, unsigned int *g, unsigned int *b) {
	RGBColor rgb;

	if (can_do_color) {
		slot+=2;
		GetEntryColor(the_palette, palette_color((FIXNUM)slot), &rgb);
		*r = rgb.red;
		*g = rgb.green;
		*b = rgb.blue;
	} else {
		*r = (slot&4 ? 65000 : 0);
		*g = (slot&2 ? 65000 : 0);
		*b = (slot&1 ? 65000 : 0);
	}
}

void set_pen_pattern(char *pat) {
	PenPat((struct Pattern *)pat);
}

void set_list_pen_pattern(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *cur_num, *temp;
    char p_arr[8];
    int count;

    cur_num = arg;
    for (count = 0 ; count <= 7 && cur_num != NIL && NOT_THROWING ; count++) {
	temp = cnv_node_to_numnode(car(cur_num));
	p_arr[count] = (char)getint(temp);
	cur_num = cdr(cur_num);
    }
    PenPat((struct Pattern *)p_arr);
}

#ifdef SYMANTEC_C
union myPattU {
	char patt_ch[8];
	struct Pattern patt_p;
};

typedef union myPattU myPatt;

void get_pen_pattern(char *pat) {
    PenState oil;
    int count;
    myPatt my_patt;

    GetPenState(&oil);
    my_patt.patt_p = oil.pnPat;
    for (count = 0; count < 8; count++)
	 *(char *)(pat + count) = my_patt.patt_ch[count];
}

NODE *Get_node_pen_pattern() {
    PenState oil;
    int count;
    myPatt my_patt;

    GetPenState(&oil);
    my_patt.patt_p = oil.pnPat;
    return(cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[0])),
	    cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[1])),
	     cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[2])),
	      cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[3])),
	       cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[4])),
		cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[5])),
		 cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[6])),
		  cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(my_patt.patt_ch[7])),
		   NIL)))))))));
}
#else
void get_pen_pattern(char *pat) {
    PenState oil;
    int count;

    GetPenState(&oil);
    for (count = 0; count < 8; count++)
	 *(char *)(pat + count) = oil.pnPat[count];
}

NODE *Get_node_pen_pattern() {
    PenState oil;
    int count;

    GetPenState(&oil);
    return(cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[0])),
	    cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[1])),
	     cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[2])),
	      cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[3])),
	       cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[4])),
		cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[5])),
		 cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[6])),
		  cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(oil.pnPat[7])),
		   NIL)))))))));
}
#endif

void label(char *s) {
    short tmode;

    GetPort(&savePort);
    SetPort(graphics_window);
    MoveTo(g_round(graphics_window->portRect.right/2.0 + turtle_x),
	   g_round(graphics_window->portRect.bottom/2.0 - turtle_y));
    switch(pen_mode) {
	case patCopy   : tmode = srcOr; break;
	case patBic    : tmode = srcBic; break;
	case patXor    : tmode = srcXor; break;
	default	       : tmode = srcCopy; break;    /* can't happen */
    }
    TextFont(monaco); TextSize(9); TextMode(tmode);
    DrawString((unsigned char const *)s);
    SetPort(savePort);
}

void logofill(void) {
	BitMap mask;

	if (can_do_color) {
		prepare_to_draw;
		mask.bounds = (*(graphics_window->visRgn))->rgnBBox;
		mask.bounds.right = mask.bounds.right - mask.bounds.left;
		mask.bounds.left = 0;
		mask.bounds.bottom = mask.bounds.bottom - mask.bounds.top;
		mask.bounds.top = 0;
		mask.rowBytes = ((mask.bounds.right + 15) / 8) & ~1;
		mask.baseAddr = malloc(mask.rowBytes * mask.bounds.bottom);
		if (mask.baseAddr == NULL) {
		    err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM, NIL);
		    done_drawing;
		    return;
		}
		SeedCFill(&(graphics_window->portBits), &mask,
				  &((*(graphics_window->visRgn))->rgnBBox),
				  &(mask.bounds),
				  graphics_window->pnLoc.h, graphics_window->pnLoc.v,
				  0, 0L);
		CopyMask(&mask, &mask, &(graphics_window->portBits),
				 &(mask.bounds), &(mask.bounds),
				 &((*(graphics_window->visRgn))->rgnBBox));
		free(mask.baseAddr);
		done_drawing;
	}
}

void erase_screen(void) {
    int old_vis;
    
    GetPort(&savePort);
    SetPort(graphics_window);
    old_vis = graphics_window->pnVis;
    graphics_window->pnVis = 0;
    EraseRect(&graphics_window->portRect);
    graphics_window->pnVis = old_vis;
    SetPort(savePort);
}

void t_screen(void) {
    SelectWindow(listener_window);
    console_options.ncols = 80;
    console_options.nrows = 25;
    console_options.left = 15;
    console_options.top = 55;
    strncpy((char *)console_options.title, (char *)"\pBerkeley Logo", 14);
    lnewconsole(NIL);

    MoveWindow(myWindow, 15, 55, TRUE);
    MySizeWindow(myWindow, 488, 283);
    SelectWindow(listener_window);
    myGrow(listener_window, (listener_window == FrontWindow()));
}

void s_screen(void) {
    Rect bounds;
    int v;
    
	if (can_do_color)
		v = ((*(((CGrafPtr)graphics_window)->portPixMap))->bounds.bottom -
			 (*(((CGrafPtr)graphics_window)->portPixMap))->bounds.top) - 84;
	else
		v = (graphics_window->portBits.bounds.bottom -
			 graphics_window->portBits.bounds.top) - 84;

    SelectWindow(listener_window);
    console_options.ncols = 80;
    console_options.nrows = 6;
    console_options.left = 5;
    console_options.top = v + 6;
    strncpy((char *)console_options.title, (char *)"\pBerkeley Logo", 14);
    lnewconsole(NIL);

    MoveWindow(myWindow, 5, v, TRUE);
    MySizeWindow(myWindow, 488, 80);
    SelectWindow(listener_window);
    myGrow(listener_window, (listener_window == FrontWindow()));
}

void f_screen(void) {
    Rect bounds;
    int v;
    
	if (can_do_color)
		v = ((*(((CGrafPtr)graphics_window)->portPixMap))->bounds.bottom -
			 (*(((CGrafPtr)graphics_window)->portPixMap))->bounds.top) - 84;
	else
		v = (graphics_window->portBits.bounds.bottom -
			 graphics_window->portBits.bounds.top) - 84;

    SelectWindow(listener_window);
    console_options.ncols = 80;
    console_options.nrows = 0;
    console_options.left = 5;
    console_options.top = v + 52;
    strncpy((char *)console_options.title, (char *)"\pBerkeley Logo", 14);
    lnewconsole(NIL);

    MoveWindow(myWindow, 5, v, TRUE);
    MySizeWindow(myWindow, 488, 80);
    SelectWindow(graphics_window);
    myGrow(graphics_window, (graphics_window == FrontWindow()));
}

int in_fscreen(void) {
    return (console_options.nrows == 0);
}

FIXNUM mickey_x(void) {
    Point the_mouse;
    
    GetPort(&savePort);
    SetPort(graphics_window);
    GetMouse(&the_mouse);
    SetPort(savePort);
    
    return((FIXNUM)(the_mouse.h - graphics_window->portRect.right/2));
}

FIXNUM mickey_y(void) {
    Point the_mouse;
    
    GetPort(&savePort);
    SetPort(graphics_window);
    GetMouse(&the_mouse);
    SetPort(savePort);
    
    return((FIXNUM)(graphics_window->portRect.bottom/2 - the_mouse.v));
}

#ifdef SYMANTEC_C
SndChannelPtr SoundChannel = NIL;
#endif

/* see Inside Macintosh vol. 2 pp. 237-241 for pitch values */
void tone(FIXNUM pitch, FIXNUM duration) {

#ifndef SYMANTEC_C
    struct { int mode;
	     int freq;
	     int amp;
	     int dur;
	   } sound_rec;
    
    sound_rec.mode = -1;
    sound_rec.freq = (int)(387205L/pitch);
    sound_rec.amp = 200;
    sound_rec.dur = (int)duration;
    
    StartSound(&sound_rec, (long)8, (char *)(-1));
    while (!SoundDone()) ;
#endif

#ifdef SYMANTEC_C
	SndCommand MyCommand;
	SCStatus ChannelStatus;
	
	pitch = (int) 60+((log(pitch/261.625))/(log(twelfthRootTwo)));
	duration *= 34;  /* ticks to half-milliseconds */
	if (duration>0 && duration<65536 && pitch >=0 && pitch<128) {
		if (SoundChannel == NIL) {
			SndNewChannel(&SoundChannel, squareWaveSynth,
						  initMono+initChanLeft, (ProcPtr)NIL);
		}
		if (SoundChannel != NIL) {
			MyCommand.cmd = freqDurationCmd;
			MyCommand.param1 = duration;
			MyCommand.param2 = pitch;
			SndDoImmediate(SoundChannel, &MyCommand);
			ChannelStatus.scChannelBusy = true;
			while (ChannelStatus.scChannelBusy == true)
				SndChannelStatus(SoundChannel, sizeof(ChannelStatus),
								 &ChannelStatus);
		}
	}
#endif
}

/************************************************************/

void c_to_pascal_string(char *str, int len) {
    int count = len;
    char prev;
    
    while (count > 0) {
	prev = str[count - 1];
	str[count] = clearparity(prev);
	count--;
    }
    str[0] = len;
}

void fixMacType(NODE *arg) {
    char *fnstr;
    FSSpec theFSSpec;

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(arg));
    if (arg == UNBOUND) return;
    fnstr = (char *) malloc((size_t)getstrlen(arg) + 1);
    if (fnstr == NULL) {
	err_logo(FILE_ERROR, make_static_strnode("Not enough memory"));
	return;
    }
    noparity_strnzcpy(fnstr, getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg));
    c_to_pascal_string(fnstr, getstrlen(arg));
    FSMakeFSSpec(0, 0L, (unsigned char *)fnstr, &theFSSpec);
    HCreate(theFSSpec.vRefNum, theFSSpec.parID, theFSSpec.name, '????', 'EPSF');
}
ucblogo-6.1/logodata.c0000664000175000017500000003317313575571772013102 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      logodata.c      logo data management module             dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 
#ifdef ibm
#if !defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
#include 
#endif
#endif

char special_chars[] = " \t\n(?????+++~)[]-*/=<>\"\\:;|{}";

#ifdef ecma

#include 

#define upper_p(ch)	(isupper((ch) & 0377))
#define lower_p(ch)	(islower((ch) & 0377))

char ecma_array[128];

int ecma_size = sizeof(special_chars)-1;

char ecma_set(int ch) {
    ch &= 0377;
    if (ch >= 128) return(ch);
    return(ecma_array[ch]);
}

char ecma_clear(int ch) {
    ch &= 0377;
    if (ch < ecma_begin || ch >= ecma_begin+sizeof(special_chars)-1)
	return(ch);
    if (ch >= 007 && ch <= 015 && ch != 013) return(ch);
    return(special_chars[ch - ecma_begin]);
}

int ecma_get(int ch) {
    ch &= 0377;
    return ((ch >= ecma_begin && ch < ecma_begin+sizeof(special_chars)-1)
	    && (ch < 007 || ch > 015 || ch == 013));
}

#else

#define upper_p(c)     (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
#define lower_p(c)     (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')

#endif

char *strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    strncpy(s1, s2, n);
    s1[n] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

char *word_strnzcpy(char *s1, NODE *kludge, int n) {  /* KLUDGE! */
    char *temp = s1;

    while (kludge != NIL) {
	strncpy(s1, getstrptr(car(kludge)), getstrlen(car(kludge)));
	s1 += getstrlen(car(kludge));
	kludge = cdr(kludge);
    }
    temp[n] = '\0';
    return(temp);
}

char *noparity_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	s1[i] = clearparity(s2[i]);
    s1[n] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

char *backslashed_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i,j;

    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < n; i++) {
	if (getparity(s2[i]))
	    s1[j++] = '\\';
	s1[j++] = clearparity(s2[i]);
    }
    s1[j] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

char *mend_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i, vbar = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < n; ) {
	while (*s2 == '|') {
	    vbar = !vbar;
	    s2++;
	}
	if (vbar) {
	    if (strchr(special_chars,(int)*s2))
		s1[i++] = setparity(*s2++);
	    else
		s1[i++] = *s2++;
	} else {
	    while (*s2 == ';' || (*s2 == '~' && *(s2 + 1) == '\n')) {
		while (*s2 == '~' && *(s2 + 1) == '\n') s2 += 2;
		if (*s2 == ';')
		    do {
			s2++;
		    } while (*s2 != '\0' && *s2 != '~' && *(s2 + 1) != '\n');
	    }
	    if (*s2 != '|') s1[i++] = *s2++;
	}
    }
    s1[n] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

char *mend_nosemi(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i, vbar = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < n; ) {
	while (*s2 == '|') {
	    vbar = !vbar;
	    s2++;
	}
	if (vbar) {
	    if (strchr(special_chars,(int)*s2))
		s1[i++] = setparity(*s2++);
	    else
		s1[i++] = *s2++;
	} else {
	    while ((*s2 == '~' && *(s2 + 1) == '\n')) {
		while (*s2 == '~' && *(s2 + 1) == '\n') s2 += 2;
	    }
	    if (*s2 != '|') s1[i++] = *s2++;
	}
    }
    s1[n] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

char *quote_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    s1[0] = '"';
    strncpy(s1 + 1, s2, n - 1);
    s1[n] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

char *colon_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    s1[0] = ':';
    strncpy(s1 + 1, s2, n - 1);
    s1[n] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

#define uncapital(c)    ((c) - 'A' + 'a')

char *low_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    char *temp = s1;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	if (upper_p(*s2))
	    *s1++ = uncapital(*s2++);
	else
	    *s1++ = *s2++;
    }
    *s1 = '\0';
    return(temp);
}

#define capital(c)    ((c) - 'a' + 'A')

char *cap_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    char *temp = s1;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	if (lower_p(*s2))
	    *s1++ = capital(*s2++);
	else
	    *s1++ = *s2++;
    }
    *s1 = '\0';
    return(temp);
}

char *noparitylow_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i;
    char c, *temp = s1;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	c = clearparity(*s2++);
	if (upper_p(c))
	    *s1++ = uncapital(c);
	else
	    *s1++ = c;
    }
    *s1 = '\0';
    return(temp);
}

int low_strncmp(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	if (*s1 != *s2) {
	    if (upper_p(*s2)) {
		if (upper_p(*s1)) {
		    if (uncapital(*s1) != uncapital(*s2))
			return(uncapital(*s1) - uncapital(*s2));
		} else {
		    if (*s1 != uncapital(*s2))
			return(*s1 - uncapital(*s2));
		}
	    } else if (upper_p(*s1)) {
		if (uncapital(*s1) != *s2)
		    return(uncapital(*s1) - *s2);
	    } else return(*s1 - *s2);
	}
	s1++, s2++;
    }
    return(0);
}

int noparity_strncmp(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	if (clearparity(*s1) != clearparity(*s2))
	    return(clearparity(*s1) - clearparity(*s2));
	s1++, s2++;
    }
    return(0);
}

int noparitylow_strncmp(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    int i;
    char c1, c2;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	c1 = clearparity(*s1);
	c2 = clearparity(*s2);
	if (c1 != c2) {
	    if (upper_p(c2)) {
		if (upper_p(c1)) {
		    if (uncapital(c1) != uncapital(c2))
			return(uncapital(c1) - uncapital(c2));
		} else {
		    if (c1 != uncapital(c2))
			return(c1 - uncapital(c2));
		}
	    } else if (upper_p(c1)) {
		if (uncapital(c1) != c2)
		    return(uncapital(c1) - c2);
	    } else return(c1 - c2);
	}
	s1++, s2++;
    }
    return(0);
}

NODE *make_strnode(char *strptr, struct string_block *strhead, int len,
		   NODETYPES typ, char *(*copy_routine)())
{
    NODE *strnode;

    if (len == 0 && Null_Word != NIL) return(Null_Word);
    strnode = newnode(typ);
    if (strhead == NULL) {
	strhead = (struct string_block *) malloc((size_t)len
						 + sizeof(FIXNUM) + 1);
	if (strhead == NULL) {
	    err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM, NIL);
	    return UNBOUND;
	}
	(*copy_routine) (strhead->str_str, strptr, len);
	strptr = strhead->str_str;
	setstrrefcnt(strhead, 0);
    }
    setstrlen(strnode, len);
    setstrptr(strnode, strptr);
    setstrhead(strnode, strhead);
    incstrrefcnt(strhead);
    return(strnode);
}

void make_runparse(NODE *ndi) {
    NODE *rp_list;

    rp_list = runparse(ndi);
    setobject(ndi, rp_list);
    settype(ndi, RUN_PARSE);
}

NODE *make_quote(NODE *qnd) {
    NODE *nd;

    nd = cons(qnd, NIL);
    settype(nd, QUOTE);
    return(nd);
}

NODE *maybe_quote(NODE *nd) {
    if (nodetype(nd) == CONT) nd = cdr(nd);
    if (nd == UNBOUND || aggregate(nd) || numberp(nd)) return(nd);
    return(make_quote(nd));
}

NODE *make_caseobj(NODE *cstrnd, NODE *obj) {
    NODE *nd;

    nd = cons(cstrnd, obj);
    settype(nd, CASEOBJ);
    return(nd);
}

NODE *make_colon(NODE *cnd) {
    NODE *nd;

    nd = cons(cnd, NIL);
    settype(nd, COLON);
    return(nd);
}

NODE *make_intnode(FIXNUM i) {
    NODE *nd = newnode(INT);

    setint(nd, i);
    return(nd);
}

NODE *make_floatnode(FLONUM f) {
    NODE *nd = newnode(FLOATT);

    setfloat(nd, f);
    return(nd);
}

NODE *cnv_node_to_numnode(NODE *ndi) {
    NODE *val;
    int dr;
    char s2[MAX_NUMBER], *s = s2;

    if (is_number(ndi))
	return(ndi);
    ndi = cnv_node_to_strnode(ndi);
    if (ndi == UNBOUND) return(UNBOUND);
    if (((getstrlen(ndi)) < MAX_NUMBER) && (dr = numberp(ndi))) {
	if (backslashed(ndi))
	    noparity_strnzcpy(s, getstrptr(ndi), getstrlen(ndi));
	else
	    strnzcpy(s, getstrptr(ndi), getstrlen(ndi));
	if (*s == '+') ++s;
	if (s2[getstrlen(ndi)-1] == '.') s2[getstrlen(ndi)-1] = 0;
	if (dr - 1 || getstrlen(ndi) > 9) {
	    val = newnode(FLOATT);
	    setfloat(val, atof(s));
	} else {
	    val = newnode(INT);
	    setint(val, atol(s));
	}
	return(val);
    } else {
	return(UNBOUND);
    }
}

NODE *cnv_node_to_strnode(NODE *nd) {
    char s[MAX_NUMBER];

    if (nd == UNBOUND || aggregate(nd)) {
	return(UNBOUND);
    }
    switch(nodetype(nd)) {
	case STRING:
	case BACKSLASH_STRING:
	case VBAR_STRING:
	    return(nd);
	case CASEOBJ:
	    return strnode__caseobj(nd);
	case QUOTE:
	    nd = cnv_node_to_strnode(node__quote(nd));
	    nd = make_strnode(getstrptr(nd), (struct string_block *)NULL,
			      getstrlen(nd) + 1, nodetype(nd), quote_strnzcpy);
	    return(nd);
	case COLON:
	    nd = cnv_node_to_strnode(node__colon(nd));
	    nd = make_strnode(getstrptr(nd), (struct string_block *)NULL,
			      getstrlen(nd) + 1, nodetype(nd), colon_strnzcpy);
	    return(nd);
	case INT:
	    sprintf(s, "%ld", getint(nd));
	    return(make_strnode(s, (struct string_block *)NULL,
				(int)strlen(s), STRING, strnzcpy));
	case FLOATT:
	    sprintf(s, "%0.15g", getfloat(nd));
	    return(make_strnode(s, (struct string_block *)NULL,
				(int)strlen(s), STRING, strnzcpy));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);	/* Can't get here, but makes compiler happy */
}

NODE *make_static_strnode(char *strptr) {
    NODE *strnode = newnode(STRING);

    setstrptr(strnode, strptr);
    setstrhead(strnode, NULL);
    setstrlen(strnode, (int)strlen(strptr));
    return(strnode);
}

NODE *cons_list(int dummy, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    NODE *nptr, *outline = NIL, *lastnode = NIL, *val;

     va_start(ap, dummy);
     while ( (nptr = va_arg(ap, NODE *)) != END_OF_LIST) {
	val = cons(nptr, NIL);
	if (outline == NIL) {
	    outline = val;
	    lastnode = outline;
	} else {
	    setcdr(lastnode, val);
	    lastnode = val;
	}
     }
    va_end(ap);
    return(outline);
}

NODE *make_array(FIXNUM len) {
    NODE *node;
    NODE **data;

    node = newnode(ARRAY);
    setarrorg(node,1);
    setarrdim(node,len);
    data = (NODE **)malloc((size_t)len * sizeof(NODE *));
    if (data == NULL) {
        err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM, NIL);
	return UNBOUND;
    }
    setarrptr(node,data);
    while (--len >= 0) *data++ = NIL;
    return(node);
}

NODE *llowercase(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = string_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	return make_strnode(getstrptr(arg), (struct string_block *)NULL,
			    getstrlen(arg), nodetype(arg), low_strnzcpy);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *luppercase(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = string_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	return make_strnode(getstrptr(arg), (struct string_block *)NULL,
			    getstrlen(arg), nodetype(arg), cap_strnzcpy);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

/* property list stuff */

NODE *getprop(NODE *plist, NODE *name, BOOLEAN before)
{
    NODE *prev = NIL;
    BOOLEAN caseig = FALSE;

    if (varTrue(Caseignoredp))
	caseig = TRUE;
    while (plist != NIL) {
	if (compare_node(name,car(plist),caseig) == 0) {
	    return(before ? prev : plist);
	}
	prev = plist;
	plist = cddr(plist);
    }
    return(NIL);
}

NODE *lgprop(NODE *args) {
    NODE *plname, *pname, *plist, *val = NIL;

    plname = string_arg(args);
    pname = string_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	plname = intern(plname);
	plist = plist__caseobj(plname);
	if (plist != NIL)
	    val = getprop(plist, pname, FALSE);
	if (val != NIL)
	    return cadr(val);
    }
    return NIL;
}

NODE *lpprop(NODE *args) {
    NODE *plname, *pname, *newval, *plist, *val = NIL;

    plname = string_arg(args);
    pname = string_arg(cdr(args));
    newval = car(cddr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	plname = intern(plname);
	if (flag__caseobj(plname, PLIST_TRACED)) {
	    ndprintf(writestream, "%t %s %s %s",
		     message_texts[TRACE_PPROP], maybe_quote(plname),
		     maybe_quote(pname), maybe_quote(newval));
	    if (ufun != NIL)
		ndprintf(writestream,message_texts[ERROR_IN],ufun,this_line);
	    new_line(writestream);
	}
	plist = plist__caseobj(plname);
	if (plist != NIL)
	    val = getprop(plist, pname, FALSE);
	if (val != NIL)
	    setcar(cdr(val), newval);
	else
	    setplist__caseobj(plname, cons(pname, cons(newval, plist)));
	need_save = 1;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lremprop(NODE *args) {
    NODE *plname, *pname, *plist, *val = NIL;
    BOOLEAN caseig = FALSE;

    if (varTrue(Caseignoredp))
	caseig = TRUE;
    plname = string_arg(args);
    pname = string_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	plname = intern(plname);
	plist = plist__caseobj(plname);
	if (plist != NIL) {
	    if (compare_node(car(plist), pname, caseig) == 0)
		setplist__caseobj(plname, cddr(plist));
	    else {
		val = getprop(plist, pname, TRUE);
		if (val != NIL)
		    setcdr(cdr(val), cddr(cddr(val)));
	    }
	}
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *copy_list(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *tnode, *lastnode = NIL, *val = NIL;

    while (arg != NIL) {
	tnode = cons(car(arg), NIL);
	arg = cdr(arg);
	if (val == NIL) {
	    lastnode = val = tnode;
	} else {
	    setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
	    lastnode = tnode;
	}
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lplist(NODE *args) {
    NODE *plname, *plist, *val = NIL;

    plname = string_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	plname = intern(plname);
	plist = plist__caseobj(plname);
	if (plist != NIL)
	    val = copy_list(plist);
    }
    return(val);
}

/* Boolean foreign language stuff */

int isName(NODE *nod, enum words wd) {
    return ((compare_node(nod, translations[wd].English, TRUE) == 0) ||
	    (compare_node(nod, translations[wd].Alt, TRUE) == 0));
}

int varTrue(NODE *varb) {
    return isName(valnode__caseobj(varb), Name_true);
}

NODE *theName(enum words wd) {
    return(varTrue(UseAlternateNames) ? translations[wd].Alt :
					translations[wd].English);
}

NODE *TrueName() {
    return theName(Name_true);
}

NODE *FalseName() {
    return theName(Name_false);
}
ucblogo-6.1/logo.h0000664000175000017500000005345613575571772012263 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      logo.h          logo header file                dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */


#ifndef _LOGO_H
#define _LOGO_H

// #define OBJECTS 

/* #define MEM_DEBUG */

#define ecma	/* for European extended character set using parity bit */


#ifdef WIN32
#define ibm
#undef __RZTC__
#define HAVE_MEMCPY
#define SIG_TAKES_ARG
#endif

#ifdef __ZTC__
#ifndef THINK_C
#define __RZTC__
#endif
#endif

#ifdef THINK_C
#define mac
#define HAVE_MEMCPY
#endif

#ifdef __TURBOC__
#define ibm
#endif

#ifdef __RZTC__
#define ibm
#define HAVE_MEMCPY
#define SIG_TAKES_ARG
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define ibm
#endif

#if !defined(ibm) && !defined(mac)
#ifndef unix
#define unix
#endif
#include "config.h"
#ifndef X_DISPLAY_MISSING
#define x_window
#endif
#else
#define RETSIGTYPE void
#define SIGRET 
#ifndef STDC_HEADERS
#define STDC_HEADERS
#endif
#endif

#include 
#include 
#include 
#ifdef STDC_HEADERS
#include 
#else
#include 
#include 
extern char *getenv();
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_WX
#ifdef ibm
#include 
#endif
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WX
#undef ibm
#define check_throwing (check_wx_stop(0) || stopping_flag == THROWING)
#else
#ifdef mac
#define check_throwing (check_mac_stop() || stopping_flag == THROWING)
#else
#if defined(ibm)
#define check_throwing (check_ibm_stop() || stopping_flag == THROWING)
#else
#if defined(HAVE_X11)
#define check_throwing (check_X11_stop() || stopping_flag == THROWING)
#else
#define check_throwing (stopping_flag == THROWING)
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif

typedef enum {wrapmode, fencemode, windowmode} mode_type;

#define WORDSIZE	(8*sizeof(long))

#define NIL             (NODE *) 0
#define UNBOUND         Unbound
#define UNDEFINED       Unbound
#define END_OF_LIST     (NODE *) 2
#define HASH_LEN        1021	/* a prime number */
#ifdef __RZTC__
#define SEG_SIZE	2000
#else
#ifdef THINK_C
#define SEG_SIZE	4000
#else
#define SEG_SIZE        16000 /* Should be a fairly big number for optimal GC
                                 Performance */
#endif
#endif
#define MAX_PHYS_LINE   5000
#define MAX_NUMBER      200	/* max number of digits in a float */
#define HIST_MAX	50	/* number of remembered instruction lines */

#define STOP_PRIORITY	0
#define OUTPUT_PRIORITY	1
#define MAYBE_PRIORITY	2
#define TAIL_PRIORITY	2	/* largest tailcall priority */
#define MACRO_PRIORITY	3
#define PREFIX_PRIORITY 4

typedef long int NODETYPES;

#ifdef OBJECTS
#define NT_METHOD   (NODETYPES)0100000000
#define NT_OBJ	    (NODETYPES)040000000
#endif
#define NT_LOCAL	(NODETYPES)020000000
#define NT_STACK	(NODETYPES)010000000
#define NT_CONT		(NODETYPES)04000000
#define NT_INFIX	(NODETYPES)02000000
#define NT_LINE		(NODETYPES)01000000
#define NT_TAILFORM	(NODETYPES)0400000
#define NT_MACRO	(NODETYPES)0200000
#define NT_TREE		(NODETYPES)0100000
#define NT_EMPTY	(NODETYPES)040000
#define NT_AGGR		(NODETYPES)020000
#define NT_LIST		(NODETYPES)010000
#define NT_RUNP		(NODETYPES)004000
#define NT_ARRAY	(NODETYPES)002000
#define NT_WORD		(NODETYPES)001000
#define NT_NUMBER	(NODETYPES)000400
#define NT_FLOAT	(NODETYPES)000200
#define NT_PRIM		(NODETYPES)000100
#define NT_VBAR		(NODETYPES)000040
#define NT_STRING	(NODETYPES)000020
#define NT_BACKSL	(NODETYPES)000010
#define NT_PUNCT	(NODETYPES)000004
#define NT_COLON	(NODETYPES)000002
#define NT_CASEOBJ	(NODETYPES)000001

#define	PNIL		(NODETYPES)(NT_EMPTY|NT_AGGR|NT_LIST)
#define PUNBOUND	(NODETYPES)0
#define CONS		(NODETYPES)(NT_AGGR|NT_LIST)
#define STRING		(NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_STRING)
#define INT		(NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_NUMBER)
#define FLOATT		(NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_NUMBER|NT_FLOAT)
#define PRIM		(NODETYPES)(NT_PRIM)
#define MACRO		(NODETYPES)(NT_PRIM|NT_MACRO)
#define TAILFORM	(NODETYPES)(NT_PRIM|NT_TAILFORM)
#define CASEOBJ		(NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_CASEOBJ)
#define INFIX		(NODETYPES)(NT_PRIM|NT_INFIX)
#define TREE		(NODETYPES)(NT_AGGR|NT_LIST|NT_TREE)
#define RUN_PARSE	(NODETYPES)(NT_AGGR|NT_LIST|NT_RUNP)
#define QUOTE		(NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_PUNCT)
#define COLON		(NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_PUNCT|NT_COLON)
#define BACKSLASH_STRING (NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_STRING|NT_BACKSL)
#define VBAR_STRING	(NODETYPES)(NT_WORD|NT_STRING|NT_BACKSL|NT_VBAR)
#define ARRAY		(NODETYPES)(NT_AGGR|NT_ARRAY)
#define LINE		(NODETYPES)(NT_LINE|NT_LIST|NT_AGGR)
#define CONT		(NODETYPES)(NT_CONT|NT_LIST)
#define STACK		(NODETYPES)(NT_STACK|NT_LIST)
#define NTFREE		(NODETYPES)(-1)
#define LOCALSAVE	(NODETYPES)(CONS|NT_LOCAL)
#ifdef OBJECTS
#define OBJECT      (NODETYPES)(NT_OBJ)
#define METHOD	    (NODETYPES)(NT_AGGR|NT_LIST|NT_METHOD)
#endif

#define aggregate(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_AGGR)
#define is_cont(nd)	(nodetype(nd) == CONT)
#define is_list(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_LIST)
#define is_tree(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_TREE)
#define is_string(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_STRING)
#define is_number(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_NUMBER)
#define is_prim(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_PRIM)
#define is_word(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_WORD)
#define runparsed(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_RUNP)
#define backslashed(nd)	(nodetype(nd) & NT_BACKSL)
#define is_tailform(nd)	(nodetype(nd) == TAILFORM)
#ifdef OBJECTS
#define is_object(nd)   (nodetype(nd) == NT_OBJ)
#define is_method(nd)   (nodetype(nd) == NT_METHOD)
#endif

typedef enum { FATAL, OUT_OF_MEM, STACK_OVERFLOW, TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
		BAD_DATA_UNREC, DIDNT_OUTPUT, NOT_ENOUGH, BAD_DATA, TOO_MUCH,
		DK_WHAT, PAREN_MISMATCH, NO_VALUE, UNEXPECTED_PAREN, DK_HOW,
		NO_CATCH_TAG, ALREADY_DEFINED, STOP_ERROR, ALREADY_DRIBBLING,
		FILE_ERROR, IF_WARNING, SHADOW_WARN, USER_ERR, IS_PRIM,
		NOT_INSIDE, DK_HOW_UNREC, NO_TEST, UNEXPECTED_BRACKET,
		UNEXPECTED_BRACE, BAD_GRAPH_INIT, ERR_MACRO,
		DK_WHAT_UP, AT_TOPLEVEL, APPLY_BAD_DATA, DEEPEND,
		OUT_OF_MEM_UNREC, USER_ERR_MESSAGE, DEEPEND_NONAME,
		BAD_DEFAULT, RUNRES_STOP, MISSING_SPACE,
		CANT_OPEN_ERROR, ALREADY_OPEN_ERROR, NOT_OPEN_ERROR,
		RUNNABLE_ARG,
// I removed conditional inclusion of LOCAL_AND_OBJ because
// it the messages text file does not have the ability to 
// conditionally include the text for the message, resulting
// in a shift by 1 when compiled with OBJECTS
		LOCAL_AND_OBJ,
    /* below this point aren't actually error codes, just messages */
		THANK_YOU, NICE_DAY, NOSHELL_MAC, TYPE_EXIT, ERROR_IN,
		ERRACT_LOOP, PAUS_ING, TRACE_STOPS, TRACE_OUTPUTS,
		NO_FILE, NO_FIONREAD, MEM_LOW, CANT_OPEN, ALREADY_OPEN,
		NOT_OPEN, TRACE_PPROP, WELCOME_TO, CANT_STOP, CANT_GC,
		EXIT_NOW, LOAD_DEF, TRACE_MAKE, EMPTY_PROC, POT_PLIST,
		NO_HELP, NO_HELPON, MORE_HELP,
		MAX_MESSAGE} ERR_TYPES;	    /* MAX_MESSAGE must be last */

#ifdef WIN32
#define BOOLEAN int
#else
typedef int BOOLEAN;
#endif

#define FALSE	0
#define TRUE	1

#define SPECIAL_COLORS 5
#define FILLED_COLOR_INDEX 0
#define FILLED_COLOR_OFFSET -5
#define BACKGROUND_COLOR_INDEX 1
#define BACKGROUND_COLOR_OFFSET -4
#define PEN_COLOR_INDEX 2
#define PEN_COLOR_OFFSET -3
#define TEXT_BG_COLOR_INDEX 3
#define TEXT_BG_COLOR_OFFSET -2
#define TEXT_FG_COLOR_INDEX 4
#define TEXT_FG_COLOR_OFFSET -1


#define even_p(x) !(x & 0x1)

#define FIXNUM          long
#define FLONUM          double
#define MAXLOGOINT	0x7fffffff
#define SAFEINT		0x00003fff  /* safe to multiply w/o overflow */

struct string_block {
    unsigned FIXNUM str_refcnt;
    char str_str[1];	    /* This array will be of variable length really */
};

#define getstrrefcnt(sh)        ((sh)->str_refcnt)
#define setstrrefcnt(sh, v)     ((sh)->str_refcnt = (v))
#define incstrrefcnt(sh)        (((sh)->str_refcnt)++)
#define decstrrefcnt(sh)        (--((sh)->str_refcnt))

typedef struct logo_node {
    NODETYPES node_type;
    int my_gen; /* Nodes's Generation */ /*GC*/
    int gen_age; /* How many times to GC at this generation */
    long int mark_gc;	/* when marked */
    struct logo_node *next; /* Link together nodes of the same age */ /*GC*/
    struct logo_node *oldyoung_next;
    union {
	struct {
	    struct logo_node *ncar;
	    struct logo_node *ncdr;
	    struct logo_node *nobj;         /* used only for oblist etc */
	} ncons;
	struct {
	    char *nstring_ptr;
	    struct string_block *nstring_head;
	    FIXNUM nstring_len;
	} nstring;
	struct {
	    struct logo_node * (*nprim_fun) ();
	    short npriority;
	    short nmin_args;
	    short ndef_args;
	    short nmax_args;
	} nprim;
	FIXNUM nint;
	FLONUM nfloat;
	struct {
	    FIXNUM narray_dim;
	    FIXNUM narray_origin;
	    struct logo_node **narray_data;
	} narray;
#ifdef OBJECTS
	struct {
	    struct logo_node *nvars;
	    struct logo_node *nprocs;
	    struct logo_node *nparents;
	} nobject;
	struct {
	    struct logo_node *nparent;
	    struct logo_node *nprocname;
	} nmethod;
#endif
    } nunion;
} NODE;

#define settype(node, type)     ((node)->node_type = (type))

#define n_car                   nunion.ncons.ncar
#define n_cdr                   nunion.ncons.ncdr
#define n_obj                   nunion.ncons.nobj
#define getobject(node)         ((node)->n_obj)
#define car(node)               ((node)->n_car)
#define cdr(node)               ((node)->n_cdr)
#define caar(node)              ((node)->n_car->n_car)
#define cadr(node)              ((node)->n_cdr->n_car)
#define cdar(node)              ((node)->n_car->n_cdr)
#define cddr(node)              ((node)->n_cdr->n_cdr)

#define n_str                   nunion.nstring.nstring_ptr
#define n_len                   nunion.nstring.nstring_len
#define n_head                  nunion.nstring.nstring_head
#define getstrptr(node)         ((node)->n_str)
#define getstrlen(node)         ((node)->n_len)
#define getstrhead(node)        ((node)->n_head)
#define setstrptr(node,ptr)     ((node)->n_str = (ptr))
#define setstrlen(node,len)     ((node)->n_len = (len))
#define setstrhead(node,ptr)    ((node)->n_head = (ptr))

#define n_int                   nunion.nint
#define getint(node)            ((node)->n_int)
#define setint(node,num)        ((node)->n_int = (num))

#define n_float                 nunion.nfloat
#define getfloat(node)          ((node)->n_float)
#define setfloat(node,num)      ((node)->n_float = (num))

#define n_pfun                  nunion.nprim.nprim_fun
#define n_ppri                  nunion.nprim.npriority
#define n_pmin                  nunion.nprim.nmin_args
#define n_pdef                  nunion.nprim.ndef_args
#define n_pmax                  nunion.nprim.nmax_args
#define getprimfun(node)        ((node)->n_pfun)
#define setprimfun(node,fun)    ((node)->n_pfun = (fun))
#define getprimmin(node)        ((node)->n_pmin)
#define setprimmin(node,num)    ((node)->n_pmin = (num))
#define getprimmax(node)        ((node)->n_pmax)
#define setprimmax(node,num)    ((node)->n_pmax = (num))
#define getprimdflt(node)       ((node)->n_pdef)
#define setprimdflt(node,num)   ((node)->n_pdef = (num))
#define getprimpri(node)        ((node)->n_ppri)
#define setprimpri(node,num)    ((node)->n_ppri = (num))
/* Special value for pmin, means that it's
 *  OK if primitive name on line by itself even though defltargs=1 (ED, CO) */
#define OK_NO_ARG	01000

#define n_dim			nunion.narray.narray_dim
#define n_org			nunion.narray.narray_origin
#define n_array			nunion.narray.narray_data
#define getarrdim(node)		((node)->n_dim)
#define getarrorg(node)		((node)->n_org)
#define getarrptr(node)		((node)->n_array)
#define setarrdim(node,len)	((node)->n_dim = (len))
#define setarrorg(node,org)	((node)->n_org = (org))
#define setarrptr(node,ptr)	((node)->n_array = (ptr))

#ifdef OBJECTS
#define n_vars                    nunion.nobject.nvars          
#define n_procs                   nunion.nobject.nprocs         
#define n_parents                 nunion.nobject.nparents       
#define getvars(node)             ((node)->n_vars)              
#define getprocs(node)            ((node)->n_procs)             
#define getparents(node)          ((node)->n_parents)           
#define setvars(node, vars)       ((node)->n_vars = (vars))       
#define setprocs(node, procs)     ((node)->n_procs = (procs))     
#define setparents(node, parents) ((node)->n_parents = (parents)) 

#define getsymbol(frame)          car(frame)
#define getvalue(frame)           cadr(frame)

#define n_parent		nunion.nmethod.nparent
#define n_procname		nunion.nmethod.nprocname
#define getparent(node)		((node)->n_parent)
#define getprocname(node)	((node)->n_procname)
#endif	/* OBJECTS */

#ifdef ecma
#define clearparity(ch)		ecma_clear(ch)
#define setparity(ch)		ecma_set(ch)
#define getparity(ch)		ecma_get(ch)
#define ecma_begin		003	/* first char used for quoteds */
#else
#define clearparity(ch)         (ch & 0x7f)
#define setparity(ch)           (ch | 0x80)
#define getparity(ch)           (ch & 0x80)
#endif

typedef enum { RUN, STOP, OUTPUT, THROWING, MACRO_RETURN } CTRLTYPE;

struct segment {
	struct segment *next;
	FIXNUM size;
#ifdef mac
	struct logo_node nodes[1];
#else
#ifdef __RZTC__
	struct logo_node nodes[1];
#else
	struct logo_node nodes[0];
#endif
#endif
};

#define NOT_THROWING            (stopping_flag != THROWING)
#define RUNNING                 (stopping_flag == RUN)
#define STOPPING                (stopping_flag == STOP)

#define canonical__object(o)    car(o)
#define procnode__object(o)     cadr(o)
#define setprocnode__object(o,v) setcar(cdr(o), v)
#define valnode__object(o)      cadr(cdr(o))
#define setvalnode__object(o,v) setcar(cddr(o), v)
#define plist__object(o)        cadr(cddr(o))
#define setplist__object(o,v)	setcar(cdr(cddr(o)), v)
#define obflags__object(o)	car(cddr(cddr(o)))
#define caselistptr__object(o)  cddr(cddr(o))
#define caselist__object(o)     cdr(cddr(cddr(o)))

#define strnode__caseobj(co)    car(co)
#define object__caseobj(c)      cdr(c)
#define procnode__caseobj(c)    procnode__object(object__caseobj(c))
#define setprocnode__caseobj(c,v) setprocnode__object(object__caseobj(c),v)
#define valnode__caseobj(c)	valnode__object(object__caseobj(c))
#define setvalnode__caseobj(c,v) setvalnode__object(object__caseobj(c),v)
#define plist__caseobj(c)	plist__object(object__caseobj(c))
#define setplist__caseobj(c,v)	setplist__object(object__caseobj(c),v)
#define obflags__caseobj(c)	obflags__object(object__caseobj(c))

#define text__procnode(p)	car(p)
#define formals__procnode(p)    caar(p)
#define bodylist__procnode(p)   cdar(p)
#define bodywords__procnode(p)  cadr(p)
#define setbodywords__procnode(p,v) setcar(cdr(p),v)
#define minargs__procnode(p)    car(cddr(p))
#define dfltargs__procnode(p)   cadr(cddr(p))
#define maxargs__procnode(p)    car(cddr(cddr(p)))

#define unparsed__runparse(rn)  rn
#define parsed__runparse(rn)    getobject(rn)
#define node__quote(q)          car(q)
#define node__colon(c)          car(c)
#define valnode__colon(c)       valnode__caseobj(node__colon(c))

#define unparsed__tree(t)	t
#define treepair__tree(t)	(getobject(t))
#define settreepair__tree(t, v)	setobject(t, v)
#define generation__tree(t)	(car(treepair__tree(t)))
#define setgeneration__tree(t, g) setcar(treepair__tree(t), g)
#define tree__tree(t)		cdr(treepair__tree(t))
#define settree__tree(t, v)	settreepair__tree(t, cons(the_generation, v))

#define unparsed__line(l)	(getobject(l))
#define generation__line(l)	(generation__tree(unparsed__line(l)))
#define tree__line(l)		l

#define cont__cont(c)		(FIXNUM)car(c)
#define val__cont(c)		cdr(c)

/* Object flags.  Ones settable by users via bury_helper must come in threes
 * for proc, val, plist even if meaningless for some of those. */
#define PROC_BURIED	    01
#define VAL_BURIED	    02
#define PLIST_BURIED	    04
#define PROC_TRACED	    010
#define VAL_TRACED	    020
#define PLIST_TRACED	    040
#define PROC_STEPPED	    0100
#define VAL_STEPPED	    0200
#define PLIST_STEPPED	    0400
#define PROC_MACRO	    01000
#define PERMANENT	    02000
#define HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE    04000
#define IS_LOCAL_VALUE	    010000
#ifdef OBJECTS
#define MIXED_ARITY	    020000
#endif
#define PROC_SPECFORM	    040000

#define setflag__caseobj(c,f) ((obflags__caseobj(c))->n_int |= (f))
#define clearflag__caseobj(c,f) ((obflags__caseobj(c))->n_int &= ~(f))
#define flag__caseobj(c,f) (int)((obflags__caseobj(c))->n_int & (f))
#define flag__object(o,f) (int)((obflags__object(o))->n_int & (f))
#define setflag__object(c,f) ((obflags__object(c))->n_int |= (f))
#define clearflag__object(c,f) ((obflags__object(c))->n_int &= ~(f))
#define is_macro(c) (flag__caseobj(c, PROC_MACRO))

#define push(obj, stack)    stack = cons(obj, stack)
#define pop(stack)	    stack = cdr(stack)

/* evaluator labels, needed by macros in other files */
/* (Put the commonly used ones first.) */

#ifdef OBJECTS

#define do_list(x) \
    x(no_reset_args) x(eval_sequence_continue) \
    x(accumulate_arg) x(compound_apply_continue) \
    x(after_const_arg) x(begin_seq) x(begin_apply) \
    x(set_args_continue) x(macro_return) \
    x(repeat_continuation) x(repeat_followup) \
    x(runresult_continuation) x(runresult_followup) \
    x(catch_continuation) x(catch_followup) x(after_lambda) \
    x(after_maybeoutput) \
    x(withobject_continuation) x(withobject_followup) \
    x(goto_continuation) \
    x(begin_line) x(end_line) \
    x(all_done) \
    x(fall_off_want_output) x(op_want_stop) x(after_constant)

#else /* OBJECTS */

#define do_list(x) \
    x(no_reset_args) x(eval_sequence_continue) \
    x(accumulate_arg) x(compound_apply_continue) \
    x(after_const_arg) x(begin_seq) x(begin_apply) \
    x(set_args_continue) x(macro_return) \
    x(repeat_continuation) x(repeat_followup) \
    x(runresult_continuation) x(runresult_followup) \
    x(catch_continuation) x(catch_followup) x(after_lambda) \
    x(after_maybeoutput) \
    x(goto_continuation) \
    x(begin_line) x(end_line) \
    x(all_done) \
    x(fall_off_want_output) x(op_want_stop) x(after_constant)

#endif /* OBJECTS */

#define do_enum(x) x,

enum labels {
    do_list(do_enum)
    NUM_TOKENS
};

/* similarly, names that might be translated in Messages file */

#ifdef OBJECTS
#define do_trans(x) \
    x(true) x(false) x(end) x(output) x(stop) x(goto) x(tag) \
    x(if) x(ifelse) x(to) x(macro) x(toplevel) x(system) x(error) x(nothing) \
    x(textscreen) x(splitscreen) x(fullscreen) x(paint) x(erase) x(reverse) \
    x(wrap) x(fence) x(window) x(sum) x(difference) x(product) x(quotient) \
    x(equalp) x(lessp) x(greaterp) x(lessequalp) x(greaterequalp) \
    x(notequalp) \
    x(name) x(class) x(self) \
    x(licenseplate) x(initlist) x(exist)
#else
#define do_trans(x) \
    x(true) x(false) x(end) x(output) x(stop) x(goto) x(tag) \
    x(if) x(ifelse) x(to) x(macro) x(toplevel) x(system) x(error) x(nothing) \
    x(textscreen) x(splitscreen) x(fullscreen) x(paint) x(erase) x(reverse) \
    x(wrap) x(fence) x(window) x(sum) x(difference) x(product) x(quotient) \
    x(equalp) x(lessp) x(greaterp) x(lessequalp) x(greaterequalp) \
    x(notequalp)
#endif

#define wd_enum(x) Name_ ## x,

enum words {
    do_trans(wd_enum)
    NUM_WORDS
};

struct wdtrans {
    NODE *English;
    NODE *Alt;
};

/* evaluator val_status flags, used also in coms.c */

#define VALUE_OK 1	/* [instr instr instr exp] */
#define NO_VALUE_OK 2	/* [instr instr instr instr] */
#define OUTPUT_OK 4	/* [instr instr OUTPUT exp instr] */
#define STOP_OK 8	/* [instr instr STOP instr] */
#define OUTPUT_TAIL 16	/* not [repeat n [... output ...]] */
#define STOP_TAIL 32	/* not [repeat n [... stop ...]] */

/* evaluator registers that need saving around evals */
/* Node pointers must all come before other types.  proc must be first;
   val_status must be first non-node.  See end of init(). */

struct registers {
    NODE *r_proc;   /* the procedure definition */
    NODE *r_argl;   /* evaluated argument list */
    NODE *r_unev;   /* list of unevaluated expressions */
    NODE *r_fun;    /* current function name */
    NODE *r_ufun;   /* current user-defined function name */
    NODE *r_var;    /* frame pointer into var_stack */
    NODE *r_vsp;    /* temp ptr into var_stack */
    NODE *r_qm_list;	/* question mark list */
    NODE *r_formals;	/* list of formal parameters */
    NODE *r_last_ufun;	/* the function that called this one */
    NODE *r_this_line;	/* the current instruction line */
    NODE *r_last_line;	/* the line that called this one */
    NODE *r_current_unode;	/* a pair to identify this proc call */
    NODE *r_didnt_output_name;  /* name of the proc that didn't OP */
    NODE *r_didnt_get_output;	/* procedure wanting output from EVAL */
    FIXNUM r_val_status;    /* tells what EVAL_SEQUENCE should do: */
    FIXNUM r_tailcall;	    /* 0 in sequence, 1 for tail, -1 for arg */
    FIXNUM r_repcount;	    /* count for repeat */
    FIXNUM r_user_repcount;
    FIXNUM r_ift_iff_flag;
#ifdef OBJECTS
    NODE *r_usual_parent;
    NODE *r_usual_caller;
#endif

};

/* definitions for evaluator registers */

#ifdef WANT_EVAL_REGS
#define proc (regs.r_proc)
#define argl (regs.r_argl)
#define unev (regs.r_unev)
#define fun (regs.r_fun)
#define ufun (regs.r_ufun)
#define var (regs.r_var)
#define vsp (regs.r_vsp)
#define qm_list (regs.r_qm_list)
#define formals (regs.r_formals)
#define last_ufun (regs.r_last_ufun)
#define this_line (regs.r_this_line)
#define last_line (regs.r_last_line)
#define current_unode (regs.r_current_unode)
#define didnt_output_name (regs.r_didnt_output_name)
#define didnt_get_output (regs.r_didnt_get_output)
#define val_status (regs.r_val_status)
#define tailcall (regs.r_tailcall)
#define repcount (regs.r_repcount)
#define user_repcount (regs.r_user_repcount)
#define ift_iff_flag (regs.r_ift_iff_flag)

#ifdef OBJECTS
#define usual_parent (regs.r_usual_parent)
#define usual_caller (regs.r_usual_caller)
#endif

#endif

#endif /* _LOGO_H */
ucblogo-6.1/lists.c0000664000175000017500000004226313575571772012446 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      lists.c         logo list functions module              dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 

NODE *bfable_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args);

    while ((arg == NIL || arg == UNBOUND || arg == Null_Word ||
	    nodetype(arg) == ARRAY) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
    }
    return arg;
}

NODE *list_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args);

    while (!(arg == NIL || is_list(arg)) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
    }
    return arg;
}

NODE *lbutfirst(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg;

    arg = bfable_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (is_list(arg))
	    val = cdr(arg);
	else {
	    setcar(args, cnv_node_to_strnode(arg));
	    arg = car(args);
	    if (getstrlen(arg) > 1)
		val = make_strnode(getstrptr(arg) + 1,
			  getstrhead(arg),
			  getstrlen(arg) - 1,
			  nodetype(arg),
			  strnzcpy);
	    else
		val = Null_Word;
	}
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lbutlast(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *lastnode = NIL, *tnode, *arg;

    arg = bfable_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (is_list(arg)) {
	    args = arg;
	    val = NIL;
	    while (cdr(args) != NIL) {
		tnode = cons(car(args), NIL);
		if (val == NIL) {
		    val = tnode;
		    lastnode = tnode;
		} else {
		    setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
		    lastnode = tnode;
		}
		args = cdr(args);
		if (check_throwing) break;
	    }
	} else {
	    setcar(args, cnv_node_to_strnode(arg));
	    arg = car(args);
	    if (getstrlen(arg) > 1)
		val = make_strnode(getstrptr(arg),
			  getstrhead(arg),
			  getstrlen(arg) - 1,
			  nodetype(arg),
			  strnzcpy);
	    else
		val = Null_Word;
	}
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lfirst(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg;

    if (nodetype(car(args)) == ARRAY) {
	return make_intnode((FIXNUM)getarrorg(car(args)));
    }
    arg = bfable_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (is_list(arg))
	    val = car(arg);
	else {
	    setcar(args, cnv_node_to_strnode(arg));
	    arg = car(args);
	    val = make_strnode(getstrptr(arg), getstrhead(arg), 1,
			       nodetype(arg), strnzcpy);
	}
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lfirsts(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg, *argp, *tail;

    arg = list_arg(args);
    if (car(args) == NIL) return(NIL);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	val = cons(lfirst(arg), NIL);
	tail = val;
	for (argp = cdr(arg); argp != NIL; argp = cdr(argp)) {
	    setcdr(tail, cons(lfirst(argp), NIL));
	    tail = cdr(tail);
	    if (check_throwing) break;
	}
	if (stopping_flag == THROWING) {
	    return UNBOUND;
	}
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lbfs(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg, *argp, *tail;

    arg = list_arg(args);
    if (car(args) == NIL) return(NIL);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	val = cons(lbutfirst(arg), NIL);
	tail = val;
	for (argp = cdr(arg); argp != NIL; argp = cdr(argp)) {
	    setcdr(tail, cons(lbutfirst(argp), NIL));
	    tail = cdr(tail);
	    if (check_throwing) break;
	}
	if (stopping_flag == THROWING) {
	    return UNBOUND;
	}
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *llast(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg;

    arg = bfable_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (is_list(arg)) {
	    args = arg;
	    while (cdr(args) != NIL) {
		args = cdr(args);
		if (check_throwing) break;
	    }
	    val = car(args);
	}
	else {
	    setcar(args, cnv_node_to_strnode(arg));
	    arg = car(args);
	    val = make_strnode(getstrptr(arg) + getstrlen(arg) - 1,
			       getstrhead(arg), 1, nodetype(arg), strnzcpy);
	}
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *llist(NODE *args) {
    return(args);
}

NODE *lemptyp(NODE *arg) {
    return torf(car(arg) == NIL || car(arg) == Null_Word);
}

NODE *char_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args), *val;

    val = cnv_node_to_strnode(arg);
    while ((val == UNBOUND || getstrlen(val) != 1) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
	val = cnv_node_to_strnode(arg);
    }
    setcar(args,val);
    return(val);
}

NODE *lascii(NODE *args) {
    FIXNUM i;
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg;

    arg = char_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (nodetype(arg) == BACKSLASH_STRING)
	    i = (FIXNUM)(*getstrptr(arg)) & 0377;
	else
	    i = (FIXNUM)clearparity(*getstrptr(arg)) & 0377;
	val = make_intnode(i);
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lrawascii(NODE *args) {
    FIXNUM i;
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg;

    arg = char_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	i = (FIXNUM)((unsigned char)*getstrptr(arg));
	val = make_intnode(i);
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lvbarredp(NODE *args) {
    char i;
    NODE *arg;

    arg = char_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	i = *getstrptr(arg);
	return torf(getparity(i));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lchar(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg;
    char c;

    arg = pos_int_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	c = (char)getint(arg);
	val = make_strnode(&c, (struct string_block *)NULL, 1,
		       STRING, strnzcpy);
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lcount(NODE *args) {
    int cnt = 0;
    NODE *arg;

    arg = car(args);
    if (arg != NIL && arg != Null_Word) {
	if (is_list(arg)) {
	    args = arg;
	    for (; args != NIL; cnt++) {
		args = cdr(args);
		if (check_throwing) break;
	    }
	} else if (nodetype(arg) == ARRAY) {
	    cnt = getarrdim(arg);
	} else {
	    setcar(args, cnv_node_to_strnode(arg));
	    cnt = getstrlen(car(args));
	}
    }
    return(make_intnode((FIXNUM)cnt));
}

NODE *lfput(NODE *args) {
    NODE *lst, *arg;

    if (is_word(cadr(args)) && is_word(car(args)) &&
	    getstrlen(cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args))) == 1)
	return lword(args);

    arg = car(args);
    lst = list_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING)
	return cons(arg,lst);
    else
	return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *llput(NODE *args) {
    NODE *lst, *arg, *val = UNBOUND, *lastnode = NIL, *tnode = NIL;

    if (is_word(cadr(args)) && is_word(car(args)) &&
	    getstrlen(cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args))) == 1)
	return lword(cons(cadr(args), cons(car(args), NIL)));

    arg = car(args);
    lst = list_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	val = NIL;
	while (lst != NIL) {
	    tnode = cons(car(lst), NIL);
	    if (val == NIL) {
		val = tnode;
	    } else {
		setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
	    }
	    lastnode = tnode;
	    lst = cdr(lst);
	    if (check_throwing) break;
	}
	if (val == NIL)
	    val = cons(arg, NIL);
	else
	    setcdr(lastnode, cons(arg, NIL));
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *string_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args), *val;

    val = cnv_node_to_strnode(arg);
    while (val == UNBOUND && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
	val = cnv_node_to_strnode(arg);
    }
    setcar(args,val);
    return(val);
}

NODE *lword(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = NIL, *arg = NIL;
    int cnt = 0;
    NODETYPES str_type = STRING;

    if (args == NIL) return Null_Word;
    val = args;
    while (val != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = string_arg(val);
	val = cdr(val);
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    if (backslashed(arg))
		str_type = VBAR_STRING;
	    cnt += getstrlen(arg);
	}
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING)
	val = make_strnode((char *)args, (struct string_block *)NULL,
			   cnt, str_type, word_strnzcpy); /* kludge */
    else
	val = UNBOUND;
    return(val);
}

NODE *lsentence(NODE *args) {
    NODE *tnode = NIL, *lastnode = NIL, *val = NIL, *arg = NIL;

    while (args != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = car(args);
	while (nodetype(arg) == ARRAY && NOT_THROWING) {
	    setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	    arg = car(args);
	}
	args = cdr(args);
	if (stopping_flag == THROWING) break;
	if (is_list(arg)) {
	    if (args == NIL) {	    /* 5.2 */
		if (val == NIL) val = arg;
		else setcdr(lastnode, arg);
		break;
	    } else while (arg != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
		tnode = cons(car(arg), NIL);
		arg = cdr(arg);
		if (val == NIL) val = tnode;
		else setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
		lastnode = tnode;
	    }
	} else {
	    tnode = cons(arg, NIL);
	    if (val == NIL) val = tnode;
	    else setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
	    lastnode = tnode;
	}
    }
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) {
	return UNBOUND;
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lwordp(NODE *arg) {
    arg = car(arg);
    return torf(arg != UNBOUND && !aggregate(arg));
}

NODE *llistp(NODE *arg) {
    arg = car(arg);
    return torf(is_list(arg));
}

NODE *lnumberp(NODE *arg) {
    setcar(arg, cnv_node_to_numnode(car(arg)));
    return torf(car(arg) != UNBOUND);
}

NODE *larrayp(NODE *arg) {
    return torf(nodetype(car(arg)) == ARRAY);
}

NODE *memberp_help(NODE *args, BOOLEAN notp, BOOLEAN substr) {
    NODE *obj1, *obj2, *val;
    int leng;
    int caseig = varTrue(Caseignoredp);

    val = FalseName();
    obj1 = car(args);
    obj2 = cadr(args);
    if (is_list(obj2)) {
	if (substr) return FalseName();
	while (obj2 != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	    if (equalp_help(obj1, car(obj2), caseig))
		return (notp ? obj2 : TrueName());
	    obj2 = cdr(obj2);
	    if (check_throwing) break;
	}
	return (notp ? NIL : FalseName());
    }
    else if (nodetype(obj2) == ARRAY) {
	int len = getarrdim(obj2);
	NODE **data = getarrptr(obj2);

	if (notp)
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,obj2);
	if (substr) return FalseName();
	while (--len >= 0 && NOT_THROWING) {
	    if (equalp_help(obj1, *data++, caseig)) return TrueName();
	}
	return FalseName();
    } else {
	NODE *tmp;
	int i;

	if (aggregate(obj1)) return (notp ? Null_Word : FalseName());
	setcar (cdr(args), cnv_node_to_strnode(obj2));
	obj2 = cadr(args);
	setcar (args, cnv_node_to_strnode(obj1));
	obj1 = car(args);
	tmp = NIL;
	if (obj1 != UNBOUND && obj2 != UNBOUND &&
	    getstrlen(obj1) <= getstrlen(obj2) &&
	    (substr || (getstrlen(obj1) == 1))) {
	    leng = getstrlen(obj2) - getstrlen(obj1);
	    setcar(cdr(args),make_strnode(getstrptr(obj2), getstrhead(obj2),
					  getstrlen(obj1), nodetype(obj2),
					  strnzcpy));
	    tmp = cadr(args);
	    for (i = 0; i <= leng; i++) {
		if (equalp_help(obj1, tmp, caseig)) {
		    if (notp) {
			setstrlen(tmp,leng+getstrlen(obj1)-i);
			return tmp;
		    } else return TrueName();
		}
		setstrptr(tmp, getstrptr(tmp) + 1);
	    }
	}
	return (notp ? Null_Word : FalseName());
    }
}

NODE *lmemberp(NODE *args) {
    return(memberp_help(args, FALSE, FALSE));
}

NODE *lsubstringp(NODE *args) {
    return(memberp_help(args, FALSE, TRUE));
}

NODE *lmember(NODE *args) {
    return(memberp_help(args, TRUE, FALSE));
}

NODE *integer_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args), *val;
    FIXNUM i;
    FLONUM f;

    val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    while ((nodetype(val) != INT) && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (nodetype(val) == FLOATT &&
		    fmod((f = getfloat(val)), 1.0) == 0.0 &&
		    f >= -(FLONUM)MAXLOGOINT && f < (FLONUM)MAXLOGOINT) {
#if HAVE_IRINT
	    i = irint(f);
#else
	    i = (FIXNUM)f;
#endif
	    val = make_intnode(i);
	    break;
	}
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
	val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    }
    setcar(args,val);
    if (nodetype(val) == INT) return(val);
    return UNBOUND;
}

FIXNUM int_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg =integer_arg(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING) return getint(arg);
    return 0;
}

NODE *litem(NODE *args) {
    int i;
    NODE *obj, *val;

    val = integer_arg(args);
    obj = cadr(args);
    while ((obj == NIL || obj == Null_Word) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(cdr(args), err_logo(BAD_DATA, obj));
	obj = cadr(args);
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	i = getint(val);
	if (is_list(obj)) {
	    if (i <= 0) {
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, val);
		return UNBOUND;
	    }
	    while (--i > 0) {
		obj = cdr(obj);
		if (obj == NIL) {
		    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, val);
		    return UNBOUND;
		}
	    }
	    return car(obj);
	}
	else if (nodetype(obj) == ARRAY) {
	    i -= getarrorg(obj);
	    if (i < 0 || i >= getarrdim(obj)) {
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, val);
		return UNBOUND;
	    }
	    return (getarrptr(obj))[i];
	}
	else {
	    if (i <= 0) {
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, val);
		return UNBOUND;
	    }
	    setcar (cdr(args), cnv_node_to_strnode(obj));
	    obj = cadr(args);
	    if (i > getstrlen(obj)) {
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, val);
		return UNBOUND;
	    }
	    return make_strnode(getstrptr(obj) + i - 1, getstrhead(obj),
				1, nodetype(obj), strnzcpy);
	}
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

int circular(NODE *arr, NODE *new) {
    if (new == NIL) return(0);
    else if (nodetype(new) == ARRAY) {
	int i = getarrdim(new);
	NODE **p = getarrptr(new);

	if (new == arr) return(1);
	while (--i >= 0) {
	    if (circular(arr,*p++)) return(1);
	}
	return(0);
    } else if (is_list(new)) {
	while (new != NIL) {
	    if (circular(arr,car(new))) return(1);
	    new = cdr(new);
	}
	return(0);
    } else return(0);
}

NODE *setitem_helper(NODE *args, BOOLEAN safe) {
    int i;
    NODE *obj, *val, *cont;

    val = integer_arg(args);
    obj = cadr(args);
    while (nodetype(obj) != ARRAY && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(cdr(args), err_logo(BAD_DATA, obj));
	obj = cadr(args);
    }
    cont = car(cddr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	i = getint(val);
	if (safe) {
	    while (circular(obj,cont) && NOT_THROWING) {
		setcar(cddr(args), err_logo(BAD_DATA, cont));
		cont = car(cddr(args));
	    }
	}
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    i -= getarrorg(obj);
	    while ((i < 0 || i >= getarrdim(obj)) && NOT_THROWING) {
	    	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, val));
	    	val = integer_arg(args);
	    	i = getint(val);
	    }
		if (NOT_THROWING) {
			(getarrptr(obj))[i] = cont;
			check_valid_oldyoung(obj, cont);
	    }
	}
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetitem(NODE *args) {
    return setitem_helper(args, TRUE);
}

NODE *l_setitem(NODE *args) {
    return setitem_helper(args, FALSE);
}

NODE *larray(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;
    FIXNUM d, o;

    arg = pos_int_arg(args);
    if (cdr(args) != NIL) o = int_arg(cdr(args));
    else o = 1;

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	d = getint(arg);
	arg = make_array(d);
	setarrorg(arg,o);
	return arg;
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *llisttoarray(NODE *args) {
    int len = 0, org = 1, i;
    NODE *p, *arr = UNBOUND;

    while (car(args) != NIL && !is_list(car(args)) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));
    }

    if (cdr(args) != NIL) {
	p = cnv_node_to_numnode(car(cdr(args)));
	while (nodetype(p) != INT && NOT_THROWING) {
	    setcar(cdr(args), err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(cdr(args))));
	    p = cnv_node_to_numnode(car(cdr(args)));
	}
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	for (p = car(args); p != NIL; p = cdr(p)) len++;

	if (cdr(args) != NIL)
	    org = getint(car(cdr(args)));
	arr = make_array(len);
	setarrorg(arr,org);

	i = 0;
	for (p = car(args); p != NIL; p = cdr(p))
	    (getarrptr(arr))[i++] = car(p);
    }
    return(arr);
}

NODE *larraytolist(NODE *args) {
    NODE *p = NIL, *arg;
    int i;

    while (nodetype(car(args)) != ARRAY && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = car(args);
	for (i = getarrdim(arg) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	    p = cons(getarrptr(arg)[i], p);
	return p;
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

FLONUM float_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args), *val;

    val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    while (!is_number(val) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
	val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    }
    setcar(args,val);
    if (nodetype(val) == FLOATT) return getfloat(val);
    if (nodetype(val) == INT) return (FLONUM)getint(val);
    return 0.0;
}

NODE *lform(NODE *args) {
    FLONUM number;
    int width, precision = 0;
    char result[100];
    char format[20];
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    number = float_arg(args);
    width = (int)int_arg(cdr(args));
    if (width < 0) {
	print_stringptr = format;
	print_stringlen = 20;
	ndprintf((FILE *)NULL,"%p\n",string_arg(cddr(args)));
	*print_stringptr = '\0';
	print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
	print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    } else
	precision = (int)int_arg(cddr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (width >= 100) width = 99;
	if (width < 0)
	    sprintf(result,format,number);
	else
	    sprintf(result,"%*.*f",width,precision,number);
	return(make_strnode(result, (struct string_block *)NULL,
			    (int)strlen(result), STRING, strnzcpy));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *l_setfirst(NODE *args) {
    NODE *list, *newval;

    list = car(args);
    newval = cadr(args);
    while (NOT_THROWING && (list == NIL || !is_list(list))) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA,list));
	list = car(args);
    }
    setcar(list,newval);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *l_setbf(NODE *args) {
    NODE *list, *newval;

    list = car(args);
    newval = cadr(args);
    while (NOT_THROWING && (list == NIL || !is_list(list))) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA,list));
	list = car(args);
    }
    setcdr(list,newval);
    return(UNBOUND);
}
ucblogo-6.1/intern.c0000664000175000017500000000751613575571772012611 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      intern.c        logo data interning module              dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

NODE *hash_table[HASH_LEN] = {NIL};

void map_oblist(void (*fcn)()) {
    int i;
    NODE *nd;

    for (i = 0; i < HASH_LEN; i++)
	for (nd = hash_table[i]; nd != NIL; nd = cdr(nd))
	    (*fcn) (car(nd));
}

FIXNUM hash(char *s, int len) {
    /* Map S to an integer in the range 0 .. HASH_LEN-1. */
    /* Method attributed to Peter Weinberger, adapted from Aho, Sethi, */
    /* and Ullman's book, Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and */
    /* Tools; figure 7.35. */

    unsigned FIXNUM h = 0, g;

    while (--len >= 0) {
	h = (h << 4) + (FIXNUM)(*s++);
	g = h & (0xf << (WORDSIZE-4));
	if (g != 0) {
	    h ^= g ^ (g >> (WORDSIZE-8));
	}
    }
    return h % HASH_LEN;
}

NODE *make_case(NODE *casestrnd, NODE *obj) {
    NODE *new_caseobj, *clistptr;

    clistptr = caselistptr__object(obj);
    new_caseobj = make_caseobj(casestrnd, obj);
    setcdr(clistptr, cons(new_caseobj, cdr(clistptr)));
    return(new_caseobj);
}

NODE *make_object(NODE *canonical, NODE *oproc, NODE *val,
		  NODE *plist, NODE *casestrnd) {
    NODE *temp;

    temp = cons_list(0, canonical, oproc, val, plist,
		     make_intnode((FIXNUM)0), END_OF_LIST);
    make_case(casestrnd, temp);
    return(temp);
}

NODE *make_instance(NODE *casend, NODE *lownd) {
    NODE *obj;
    FIXNUM hashind;

    /* Called only if arg isn't already in hash table */

    obj = make_object(lownd, UNDEFINED, UNBOUND, NIL, casend);
    hashind = hash(getstrptr(lownd), getstrlen(lownd));
    push(obj,(hash_table[hashind]));
    return car(caselist__object(obj));
}

NODE *find_instance(NODE *lownd) {
    NODE *hash_entry, *thisobj = NIL;
    int cmpresult;

    hash_entry = hash_table[hash(getstrptr(lownd), getstrlen(lownd))];

    while (hash_entry != NIL) {
	thisobj = car(hash_entry);
	cmpresult = compare_node(lownd, canonical__object(thisobj), FALSE);
	if (cmpresult == 0)
	    break;
	else
	    hash_entry = cdr(hash_entry);
    }
    if (hash_entry == NIL) return(NIL);
    else return(thisobj);
}

int case_compare(NODE *nd1, NODE *nd2) {
    if (backslashed(nd1) && backslashed(nd2)) {
	if (getstrlen(nd1) != getstrlen(nd2)) return(1);
	return(strncmp(getstrptr(nd1), getstrptr(nd2),
		       getstrlen(nd1)));
    }
    if (backslashed(nd1) || backslashed(nd2))
	return(1);
    return(compare_node(nd1, nd2, FALSE));
}

NODE *find_case(NODE *strnd, NODE *obj) {
    NODE *clist;

    clist = caselist__object(obj);
    while (clist != NIL &&
	    case_compare(strnd, strnode__caseobj(car(clist))))
	clist = cdr(clist);
    if (clist == NIL) return(NIL);
    else return(car(clist));
}

NODE *intern(NODE *nd) {
    NODE *obj, *casedes, *lownd;

    if (nodetype(nd) == CASEOBJ) return(nd);
    nd = cnv_node_to_strnode(nd);
    lownd = make_strnode(getstrptr(nd), (struct string_block *)NULL,
			 getstrlen(nd), STRING, noparitylow_strnzcpy);
    if ((obj = find_instance(lownd)) != NIL) {
	if ((casedes = find_case(nd, obj)) == NIL)
	    casedes = make_case(nd, obj);
    } else
	casedes = make_instance(nd, lownd);
    return(casedes);
}
ucblogo-6.1/graphics.c0000664000175000017500000015556313575571772013120 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      graphics.c          logo graphics module          mak
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#ifdef WIN32
#include 
#endif /* WIN32 */
 
#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
/*   #include "globals.h"   has been moved further down */
#include 

#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include "wxGraphics.h"
#elif defined(mac)
#include "macterm.h"
#elif defined(WIN32)
#include "win32trm.h"
#elif defined(__RZTC__)
#include 
#include "ztcterm.h"
#elif defined(x_window)
#include "xgraphics.h"
#elif defined(ibm)
#include "ibmterm.h"
#else
#include "nographics.h"
#endif /* end this whole big huge tree */

#include "globals.h"

#ifdef HAVE_WX
int drawToPrinter=0;
int turtlePosition_x=0;
int turtlePosition_y=0;
extern void wx_adjust_label_height();
#endif

#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
#define total_turtle_bottom_max (-(MaxY/2))
#else
#define total_turtle_bottom_max turtle_bottom_max
#endif

/* types of graphics moves that can be recorded */
#define FINISHED       0    /* must be zero */
#define LINEXY         1
#define MOVEXY         2
#define LABEL          3
#define SETPENVIS      4
#define SETPENMODE     5
#define SETPENCOLOR    6
#define SETPENSIZE     7
#define SETPENPATTERN  8
#define FILLERUP       9
#define ARC	      10
#define SETPENRGB     11
#define NEXTBUFFER    12
#define STARTFILL     13
#define ENDFILL	      14
#define COLORFILL     15

/* NOTE: See the files (macterm.c and macterm.h) or (ibmterm.c and ibmterm.h)
   for examples of the functions and macros that this file assumes exist. */

#define One (sizeof(void *))
#define Two (2*One)
#define Three (3*One)
#define Four (4*One)
#define Big (sizeof(FLONUM))

#define PENMODE_PAINT	0
#define PENMODE_ERASE	1
#define PENMODE_REVERSE	2

int internal_penmode = PENMODE_PAINT;
int drawing_turtle = 0;

enum s_md screen_mode = SCREEN_TEXT;

mode_type current_mode = wrapmode;
FLONUM turtle_x = 0.0, turtle_y = 0.0, turtle_heading = 0.0;
FLONUM x_scale = 1.0, y_scale = 1.0;
BOOLEAN turtle_shown = FALSE, user_turtle_shown = TRUE;
int graphics_setup = 0;
FLONUM wanna_x = 0.0, wanna_y = 0.0;
BOOLEAN out_of_bounds = FALSE;
void setpos_bynumber(FLONUM, FLONUM);
void internal_hideturtle(void);

int max_palette_slot = 0;

char record_buffer[GR_SIZE];
char *record = 0;
FIXNUM record_index = 0;
int last_recorded = -1;
pen_info orig_pen;

BOOLEAN refresh_p = TRUE;
BOOLEAN doing_filled = FALSE;

/************************************************************/

double pfmod(double x, double y) {
    double temp = fmod(x,y);

    if (temp < 0) return temp+y;
    return temp;
}

FLONUM cut_error(FLONUM n) {
    n *= 1000000;
    n = (n > 0 ? floor(n) : ceil(n));
    n /= 1000000;
    if (n == -0.0) n = 0.0;
    return(n);
}

FIXNUM g_round(FLONUM n) {
    n += (n < 0.0 ? -0.5 : 0.5);
    if ((n < 0.0 ? -n : n) > MAXLOGOINT)
	err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);
    if (n < 0.0)
	return((FIXNUM)ceil(n));
    return((FIXNUM)floor(n));
}

/************************************************************/
void draw_turtle_helper(void);
void check_x_high(void);
void check_x_low(void);
void forward(FLONUM);

void draw_turtle(void) {
    unsigned int r=0, g=0, b=0;
    int old_color=pen_color;
    int save_vis;

#ifdef HAVE_WX
    if (drawToPrinter) return;
#endif

    if (!turtle_shown) {
		if (!graphics_setup) {
			graphics_setup++;
                        turtle_shown = TRUE;
		}
		return;
	}

    drawing_turtle = 1;
    turtle_shown = 0;
/*
    get_palette(pen_color, &r, &g, &b);
    if (r==0 && g==0 && b==0) {
	set_pen_color(7);
    }
*/
    save_vis=pen_vis;
    pen_vis = -1;
    forward(-1);
    draw_turtle_helper();
    /* all that follows is for "turtle wrap" effect */
    if ((turtle_y > turtle_top_max - turtle_height) &&
	    (current_mode == wrapmode)) {
	turtle_y -= (screen_height + 1);
	draw_turtle_helper();
	check_x_high();
	check_x_low();
	turtle_y += (screen_height + 1);
    }
    if ((turtle_y < turtle_bottom_max + turtle_height) &&
	    (current_mode == wrapmode)) {
	turtle_y += (screen_height + 1);
	draw_turtle_helper();
	check_x_high();
	check_x_low();
	turtle_y -= (screen_height + 1);
    }
    check_x_high();
    check_x_low();
    turtle_shown = 0;
    set_pen_color(old_color);
    forward(1);
    set_pen_vis(save_vis);
    turtle_shown = 1;
    drawing_turtle = 0;
}

void check_x_high(void) {
    if ((turtle_x > turtle_right_max - turtle_height) &&
	    (current_mode == wrapmode)) {
	turtle_x -= (screen_width + 1);
	draw_turtle_helper();
	turtle_x += (screen_width + 1);
    }
}

void check_x_low(void) {
    if ((turtle_x < turtle_left_max + turtle_height) &&
	    (current_mode == wrapmode)) {
	turtle_x += (screen_width + 1);
	draw_turtle_helper();
	turtle_x -= (screen_width + 1);
    }
}
void draw_turtle_helper(void) {
    pen_info saved_pen;
    FLONUM real_heading;
    int left_x, left_y, right_x, right_y, top_x, top_y;
#if 1	/* Evan Marshall Manning  */
    double cos_real_heading, sin_real_heading;
    FLONUM delta_x, delta_y;
#endif
   
    prepare_to_draw;
    prepare_to_draw_turtle;
    save_pen(&saved_pen);
    plain_xor_pen();
    pen_vis = 0;
    set_pen_width(1);
    set_pen_height(1);

    real_heading = -turtle_heading + 90.0;
 
    cos_real_heading = cos((FLONUM)(real_heading*degrad));
    sin_real_heading = sin((FLONUM)(real_heading*degrad));
 
    delta_x = x_scale*(FLONUM)(sin_real_heading*turtle_half_bottom);
    delta_y = y_scale*(FLONUM)(cos_real_heading*turtle_half_bottom);
 
    left_x = g_round(turtle_x - delta_x);
    left_y = g_round(turtle_y + delta_y);
 
    right_x = g_round(turtle_x + delta_x);
    right_y = g_round(turtle_y - delta_y);
 
    top_x = g_round(turtle_x + x_scale*(FLONUM)(cos_real_heading*turtle_side));
    top_y = g_round(turtle_y + y_scale*(FLONUM)(sin_real_heading*turtle_side));
 
    /* move to right, draw to left, draw to top, draw to right */
    move_to(screen_x_center + right_x, screen_y_center - right_y);
    line_to(screen_x_center + left_x, screen_y_center - left_y);
    line_to(screen_x_center + top_x, screen_y_center - top_y);
    line_to(screen_x_center + right_x, screen_y_center - right_y);
 
    restore_pen(&saved_pen);
    done_drawing_turtle;
    done_drawing;
}

/************************************************************/
void forward_helper(FLONUM);
BOOLEAN safe_to_save(void);
void save_line(void), save_move(void), save_vis(void), save_mode(void);
void save_color(void), save_size(void), save_pattern(void);
void save_string(char *, int);
void save_arc(FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM);

void right(FLONUM a) {
    prepare_to_draw;
    draw_turtle();
    turtle_heading += a;
    turtle_heading = pfmod(turtle_heading,360.0);
    draw_turtle();
    done_drawing;
}

NODE *numeric_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args), *val;

    val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    while (val == UNBOUND && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
	val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    }
    setcar(args,val);
    return(val);
}

NODE *lright(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val;
    FLONUM a;
    
    val = numeric_arg(arg);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (nodetype(val) == INT)
	    a = (FLONUM)getint(val);
	else
	    a = getfloat(val);
	right(a);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lleft(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val;
    FLONUM a;
    
    val = numeric_arg(arg);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (nodetype(val) == INT)
	    a = (FLONUM)getint(val);
	else
	    a = getfloat(val);
	right(-a);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

FLONUM wrap_right(FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM);
FLONUM wrap_left(FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM);
FLONUM wrap_up(FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM);
FLONUM wrap_down(FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM, FLONUM);

void forward(FLONUM d) {
   // #ifndef WIN32
    internal_hideturtle();
   // #endif
    prepare_to_draw;
    draw_turtle();
    forward_helper(d);
    draw_turtle();
    done_drawing;
    wanna_x = turtle_x;
    wanna_y = turtle_y;
    out_of_bounds = FALSE;
}

void forward_helper(FLONUM d) {
    FLONUM real_heading, dx, dy, x1, y1, x2, y2, newd = 0.0;
    FIXNUM rx2, ry2;

wraploop:
    if (newd != 0.0) d = newd;
    real_heading = -turtle_heading + 90.0;
    x1 = screen_x_coord;
    y1 = screen_y_coord;
    dx = (FLONUM)(cos((FLONUM)(real_heading*degrad))*d*x_scale);
    dy = (FLONUM)(sin((FLONUM)(real_heading*degrad))*d*y_scale);
    if ((dx < 0 && dx > -0.000001) || (dx > 0 && dx < 0.000001)) dx = 0;
    if ((dy < 0 && dy > -0.000001) || (dy > 0 && dy < 0.000001)) dy = 0;
    x2 = x1 + dx;
    y2 = y1 - dy;
    move_to(g_round(x1), g_round(y1));
    save_move();
    
    if (!drawing_turtle && check_throwing) return;

    if (internal_penmode == PENMODE_REVERSE && pen_vis == 0 && d > 0.0) {
	line_to(g_round(x1), g_round(y1));	/* flip the corner */
	save_line();
    }

    rx2 = g_round(x2);
    ry2 = g_round(y2);
    
    if (!drawing_turtle && check_throwing) return;

    if (current_mode == windowmode ||
	(rx2 >= screen_left && rx2 <= screen_right &&
	 ry2 >= screen_top && ry2 <= screen_bottom)) {
	turtle_x = turtle_x + dx;
	turtle_y = turtle_y + dy;
	line_to(rx2, ry2);
	save_line();
    } else {
	if (rx2 > screen_right && g_round(x1) == screen_right) {
	    move_to(screen_left, g_round(y1));
	    turtle_x = turtle_left_max;
	    goto wraploop;
	}
	if (ry2 < screen_top && g_round(y1) == screen_top) {
	    move_to(g_round(x1), screen_bottom);
	    turtle_y = turtle_bottom_max;
	    goto wraploop;
	}
	if (rx2 < screen_left && g_round(x1) == screen_left) {
	    move_to(screen_right, g_round(y1));
	    turtle_x = turtle_right_max;
	    goto wraploop;
	}
	if (ry2 > screen_bottom && g_round(y1) == screen_bottom) {
	    move_to(g_round(x1), screen_top);
	    turtle_y = turtle_top_max;
	    goto wraploop;
	}
	if ((newd = wrap_right(d, x1, y1, x2, y2)) != 0.0) goto wraploop;
	if ((newd = wrap_left(d, x1, y1, x2, y2)) != 0.0) goto wraploop;
	if ((newd = wrap_up(d, x1, y1, x2, y2)) != 0.0) goto wraploop;
	if ((newd = wrap_down(d, x1, y1, x2, y2)) != 0.0) goto wraploop;
    }

    if (internal_penmode == PENMODE_REVERSE && pen_vis == 0 && d < 0.0) {
	line_to(g_round(screen_x_coord), g_round(screen_y_coord));
	save_line();
    }
}

FLONUM wrap_right(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {
    FLONUM yi, newd;
    FIXNUM ryi;
    
    if (x2 > screen_right + 0.5) {
	yi = ((y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1)) * (screen_right + 1 - x1) + y1;
	ryi = g_round(yi);
	if (ryi >= screen_top && ryi <= screen_bottom) {
	    line_to(screen_right, ryi);
	    save_line();
	    turtle_x = turtle_left_max;
	    turtle_y = screen_y_center - yi;
	    if (current_mode == wrapmode) {
		newd = d * ((x2 - screen_right - 1)/(x2 - x1));
		if (newd*d > 0) return(newd);
	    } else {
		turtle_x = turtle_right_max;
		err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);
	    }
	}
    }
    return(0.0);
}

FLONUM wrap_left(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {
    FLONUM yi, newd;
    FIXNUM ryi;
    
    if (x2 < screen_left - 0.5) {
	yi = ((y1 - y2)/(x2 - x1)) * (x1 + 1 - screen_left) + y1;
	ryi = g_round(yi);
	if (ryi >= screen_top && ryi <= screen_bottom) {
	    line_to(screen_left, ryi);
	    save_line();
	    turtle_x = turtle_right_max;
	    turtle_y = screen_y_center - yi;
	    if (current_mode == wrapmode) {
		newd = d * ((x2 + 1 - screen_left)/(x2 - x1));
		if (newd*d > 0) return(newd);
	    } else {
		turtle_x = turtle_left_max;
		err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);	    
	    }
	}
    }
    return(0.0);
}

FLONUM wrap_up(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {
    FLONUM xi, newd;
    FIXNUM rxi;

    if (y2 < screen_top - 0.5) {
	xi = ((x2 - x1)/(y1 - y2)) * (y1 + 1 - screen_top) + x1;
	rxi = g_round(xi);
	if (rxi >= screen_left && rxi <= screen_right) {
	    line_to(rxi, screen_top);
	    save_line();
	    turtle_x = xi - screen_x_center;
	    turtle_y = turtle_bottom_max;
	    if (current_mode == wrapmode) {
		newd = d * ((y2 + 1 - screen_top)/(y2 - y1));
		if (newd*d > 0) return(newd);
	    } else {
		turtle_y = turtle_top_max;
		err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);
	    }
	} else if (rxi >= (screen_left-1) && rxi <= (screen_right+1)) {
	    rxi = (rxi > screen_right ? screen_right : screen_left);
	    line_to(rxi, screen_top);
	    save_line();
	    turtle_x = xi - screen_x_center;
	    turtle_y = turtle_bottom_max;
	    if (current_mode == wrapmode) {
		newd = d * ((y2 + 1 - screen_top)/(y2 - y1));
		if (newd*d > 0) return(newd);
	    } else {
		turtle_y = turtle_top_max;
		err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);
	    }
	}
    }
    return(0.0);
}

FLONUM wrap_down(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {
    FLONUM xi, newd;
    FIXNUM rxi;
    
    if (y2 > screen_bottom + 0.5) {
	xi = ((x2 - x1)/(y2 - y1)) * (screen_bottom + 1 - y1) + x1;
	rxi = g_round(xi);
	if (rxi >= screen_left && rxi <= screen_right) {
	    line_to(rxi, screen_bottom);
	    save_line();
	    turtle_x = xi - screen_x_center;
	    turtle_y = turtle_top_max;
	    if (current_mode == wrapmode) {
		newd = d * ((y2 - screen_bottom - 1)/(y2 - y1));
		if (newd*d > 0) return(newd);
	    } else {
		turtle_y = turtle_bottom_max;
		err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);
	    }
	} else if (rxi >= (screen_left-1) && rxi <= (screen_right+1)) {
	    rxi = (rxi > screen_right ? screen_right : screen_left);
	    line_to(rxi, screen_bottom);
	    save_line();
	    turtle_x = xi - screen_x_center;
	    turtle_y = turtle_top_max;
	    if (current_mode == wrapmode) {
		newd = d * ((y2 - screen_bottom - 1)/(y2 - y1));
		if (newd*d > 0) return(newd);
	    } else {
		turtle_y = turtle_bottom_max;
		err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);
	    }
	}
    }
    return(0.0);
}

FLONUM get_number(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val = numeric_arg(arg);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (nodetype(val) == INT)
	    return (FLONUM)getint(val);
	else
	    return getfloat(val);
    } else return 0.0;
}


NODE *lforward(NODE *arg) {
    FLONUM d = get_number(arg);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	forward(d);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lback(NODE *arg) {
    FLONUM d = get_number(arg);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	forward(-d);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lshowturtle(NODE *args) {
    if(!graphics_setup) graphics_setup++;
    prepare_to_draw;
    if (!turtle_shown) {
	turtle_shown = TRUE;
	draw_turtle();
    }
    done_drawing;
    user_turtle_shown = TRUE;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void internal_hideturtle() {
    if(!graphics_setup) graphics_setup++;
    prepare_to_draw;
    if (turtle_shown) {
	draw_turtle();
	turtle_shown = FALSE;
    }
    done_drawing;
}

NODE *lhideturtle(NODE *args) {
    internal_hideturtle();
    user_turtle_shown = FALSE;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void fix_turtle_shownness() {
    if (graphics_setup
#if !defined(x_window) || defined(HAVE_WX)
		    && screen_mode != SCREEN_TEXT
#endif
	) {
      if(user_turtle_shown)
	(void)lshowturtle(NIL);
    }
}

NODE *lshownp(NODE *args) {
    return(user_turtle_shown ? TrueName() : FalseName());
}

NODE *lsetheading(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val;
    
    val = numeric_arg(arg);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	draw_turtle();
	if (nodetype(val) == INT)
	    turtle_heading = (FLONUM)getint(val);
	else
	    turtle_heading = getfloat(val);
	turtle_heading = pfmod(turtle_heading,360.0);
	draw_turtle();
	done_drawing;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lheading(NODE *args) {
    return(make_floatnode(turtle_heading));
}

NODE *vec_arg_helper(NODE *args, BOOLEAN floatok, BOOLEAN three) {
    NODE *arg = car(args), *val1, *val2, *val3 = NIL;

    while (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (arg != NIL &&
	is_list(arg) &&
	cdr(arg) != NIL &&
	(three ? (cddr(arg) != NIL && cdr(cddr(arg)) == NIL) : cddr(arg) == NIL)) {
	    val1 = cnv_node_to_numnode(car(arg));
	    val2 = cnv_node_to_numnode(cadr(arg));
		if (three) val3 = cnv_node_to_numnode(car(cddr(arg)));
	    if (val1 != UNBOUND && val2 != UNBOUND &&
		(floatok || (nodetype(val1) == INT && getint(val1) >= 0 &&
			     nodetype(val2) == INT && getint(val2) >= 0 &&
				 (!three || (nodetype(val3) == INT && getint(val3) >= 0))))) {
		setcar(arg, val1);
		setcar(cdr(arg), val2);
		if (three) setcar (cddr(arg), val3);
		return(arg);
	    }
	}
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *vector_arg(NODE *args) {
    return vec_arg_helper(args,TRUE,FALSE);
}

NODE *pos_int_vector_arg(NODE *args) {
    return vec_arg_helper(args,FALSE,FALSE);
}

NODE *rgb_arg(NODE *args) {
	return vec_arg_helper(args,TRUE,TRUE);
}

FLONUM towards_helper(FLONUM x, FLONUM y, FLONUM from_x, FLONUM from_y) {
    FLONUM m, a, tx, ty;

    tx = from_x/x_scale;
    ty = from_y/y_scale;

    if (x != tx || y != ty) {
	if (x == tx)
	    a = (y < ty) ? -90 : 90;
	else {
	    m = (y - ty)/(x - tx);
	    a = atan(m)/degrad;
	    if (x < tx) a = fmod(a + 180.0,360.0);
	}
	a = -(a - 90.0);
	return (a < 0 ? 360.0+a : a);
    }
    return 0.0;
}

NODE *ltowards(NODE *args) {
    NODE *xnode, *ynode = UNBOUND, *arg;
    FLONUM x, y;
    
    arg = vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	xnode = car(arg);
	ynode = cadr(arg);
	
	x = ((nodetype(xnode) == FLOATT) ? getfloat(xnode) :
			  (FLONUM)getint(xnode));
	y = ((nodetype(ynode) == FLOATT) ? getfloat(ynode) :
			  (FLONUM)getint(ynode));
	return make_floatnode(towards_helper(x, y, turtle_x, turtle_y));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lpos(NODE *args) {
    return(cons(make_floatnode(cut_error(turtle_x/x_scale)),
	cons(make_floatnode(cut_error(turtle_y/y_scale)), NIL)));
}

NODE *lscrunch(NODE *args) {
    return(cons(make_floatnode(x_scale), cons(make_floatnode(y_scale), NIL)));
}

NODE *lhome(NODE *args) {
    prepare_to_draw;
    out_of_bounds = FALSE;
    setpos_bynumber((FLONUM)0.0, (FLONUM)0.0);
    draw_turtle();
    turtle_heading = 0.0;
    draw_turtle();
    done_drawing;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void cs_helper(int centerp) {    
#if defined(x_window) && !HAVE_WX
    clearing_screen++;
#endif
    prepare_to_draw;
    clear_screen;
#if defined(x_window) && !HAVE_WX
    clearing_screen==0;
#endif
    if (centerp) {
	wanna_x = wanna_y = turtle_x = turtle_y = turtle_heading = 0.0;
	out_of_bounds = FALSE;
	move_to(screen_x_coord, screen_y_coord);
    }
    if (!graphics_setup) {
	graphics_setup++;
        turtle_shown = TRUE;
    }
    draw_turtle();
    save_pen(&orig_pen);
    p_info_x(orig_pen) = g_round(screen_x_coord);
    p_info_y(orig_pen) = g_round(screen_y_coord);
    (void)safe_to_save();
    record = record_buffer;
    record_index = One;
    last_recorded = -1;
    record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    if (turtle_x != 0.0 || turtle_y != 0.0) save_move();
    if (pen_vis != 0) save_vis();
    if (internal_penmode != PENMODE_PAINT) save_mode();
    if (pen_color != 7) save_color();
    if (pen_width != 1 || pen_height != 1) save_size();
    done_drawing;
}

NODE *lclearscreen(NODE *args) {
    cs_helper(TRUE);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lclean(NODE *args) {
    cs_helper(FALSE);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void setpos_commonpart(FLONUM target_x, FLONUM target_y) {
    FLONUM scaled_x, scaled_y, tx, ty, save_heading;
    BOOLEAN wrapping = FALSE;
    
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	scaled_x = target_x * x_scale;
	scaled_y = target_y * y_scale;
	wrapping = scaled_x > turtle_right_max || scaled_x < turtle_left_max ||
		   scaled_y > turtle_top_max || scaled_y < turtle_bottom_max;
	if (current_mode == fencemode && wrapping)
	    err_logo(TURTLE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, NIL);
	else if (current_mode == wrapmode && (wrapping || out_of_bounds)) {
	    save_heading = turtle_heading;
	    turtle_heading = towards_helper(target_x, target_y,
					    wanna_x, wanna_y);
	    tx = wanna_x/x_scale;
	    ty = wanna_y/y_scale;
#define sq(z) ((z)*(z))
	    forward_helper(sqrt(sq(target_x - tx) + sq(target_y - ty)));
	    turtle_heading = save_heading;
	    wanna_x = scaled_x;
	    wanna_y = scaled_y;
	    out_of_bounds = wrapping;
	}
	else {
	    out_of_bounds = FALSE;
	    wanna_x = turtle_x = scaled_x;
	    wanna_y = turtle_y = scaled_y;
	    line_to(g_round(screen_x_coord),
		    g_round(screen_y_coord));
	    save_line();
	}
	draw_turtle();
	done_drawing;
    }
}

void setpos_bynumber(FLONUM target_x, FLONUM target_y) {
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	draw_turtle();
	move_to(g_round(screen_x_coord), g_round(screen_y_coord));
	setpos_commonpart(target_x, target_y);
	done_drawing;
    }
}

void setpos_helper(NODE *xnode, NODE *ynode) {
    FLONUM target_x, target_y;
    
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	internal_hideturtle();
	prepare_to_draw;
	draw_turtle();
	move_to(g_round(screen_x_coord), g_round(screen_y_coord));
	target_x = ((xnode == NIL) ?
		turtle_x/x_scale :
		((nodetype(xnode) == FLOATT) ? getfloat(xnode) :
		 (FLONUM)getint(xnode)));
	target_y = ((ynode == NIL) ?
		turtle_y/y_scale :
		((nodetype(ynode) == FLOATT) ? getfloat(ynode) :
		 (FLONUM)getint(ynode)));
	setpos_commonpart(target_x, target_y);
	done_drawing;
    }
}

NODE *lsetpos(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = vector_arg(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	setpos_helper(car(arg), cadr(arg));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetxy(NODE *args) {
    NODE *xnode, *ynode;
    
    xnode = numeric_arg(args);
    ynode = numeric_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	setpos_helper(xnode, ynode);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetx(NODE *args) {
    NODE *xnode;
    
    xnode = numeric_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	setpos_helper(xnode, NIL);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsety(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ynode;
    
    ynode = numeric_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	setpos_helper(NIL, ynode);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lwrap(NODE *args) {
    prepare_to_draw;
    draw_turtle();
    current_mode = wrapmode;
    while (turtle_x > turtle_right_max) {
	turtle_x -= screen_width;
    }
    while (turtle_x < turtle_left_max) {
	turtle_x += screen_width;
    }
    while (turtle_y > turtle_top_max) {
	turtle_y -= screen_height;
    }
    while (turtle_y < turtle_bottom_max) {
	turtle_y += screen_height;
    }
    move_to(screen_x_coord, screen_y_coord);
    draw_turtle();
    done_drawing;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lfence(NODE *args) {
    (void)lwrap(args);	    /* get turtle inside the fence */
    prepare_to_draw;
    draw_turtle();
    current_mode = fencemode;
    draw_turtle();
    done_drawing;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lwindow(NODE *args) {
    prepare_to_draw;
    draw_turtle();
    current_mode = windowmode;
    draw_turtle();
    done_drawing;
    return(UNBOUND);
}


NODE *lturtlemode(NODE *args) {
    switch (current_mode) {
	case wrapmode: return(theName(Name_wrap));
	case fencemode: return(theName(Name_fence));
	case windowmode: return(theName(Name_window));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);	/* Can't get here, but makes compiler happy */
}

NODE *lfill(NODE *args) {    
    prepare_to_draw;
    draw_turtle();
    logofill();
    draw_turtle();
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	save_move();
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = FILLERUP;
	record_index += One;
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
    done_drawing;
    return(UNBOUND);

}

NODE *llabel(NODE *arg) {
    char textbuf[300];
    short theLength;
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    print_stringptr = textbuf;
    print_stringlen = 300;
    ndprintf((FILE *)NULL,"%p",car(arg));
    *print_stringptr = '\0';
    print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
    print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
	
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	draw_turtle();
	theLength = strlen(textbuf);
#ifdef mac
	c_to_pascal_string(textbuf, theLength);
#endif
	label(textbuf);
	save_string(textbuf,theLength);
	draw_turtle();
	done_drawing;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *ltextscreen(NODE *args) {
    text_screen;
    screen_mode = SCREEN_TEXT;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsplitscreen(NODE *args) {
    if (!graphics_setup) {
	graphics_setup++;
//        turtle_shown = TRUE;
    }
    split_screen;
    screen_mode = SCREEN_SPLIT;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lfullscreen(NODE *args) {
    if (!graphics_setup) {
	graphics_setup++;
//        turtle_shown = TRUE;
    }
    full_screen;
    screen_mode = SCREEN_FULL;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lscreenmode(NODE *args) {
    switch (screen_mode) {
	case SCREEN_TEXT: return(theName(Name_textscreen));
	case SCREEN_SPLIT: return(theName(Name_splitscreen));
	case SCREEN_FULL: return(theName(Name_fullscreen));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);	/* Can't get here, but makes compiler happy */
}

NODE *lpendownp(NODE *args) {
    return(pen_vis == 0 ? TrueName() : FalseName());
}

NODE *lpencolor(NODE *args) {
    if (pen_color == PEN_COLOR_OFFSET)
	return lpalette(cons(make_intnode(PEN_COLOR_OFFSET),NIL));
    return(make_intnode((FIXNUM)pen_color));
}

NODE *lbackground(NODE *args) {
    if (back_ground == BACKGROUND_COLOR_OFFSET)
	return lpalette(cons(make_intnode(BACKGROUND_COLOR_OFFSET),NIL));
    return(make_intnode((FIXNUM)back_ground));
}

NODE *lpensize(NODE *args) {
    return(cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)pen_width),
	cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)pen_height), NIL)));
}

NODE *lpenpattern(NODE *args) {
    return(get_node_pen_pattern);
}

NODE *lpendown(NODE *args) {
    pen_vis = 0;
    save_vis();
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lpenup(NODE *args) {
    if (pen_vis == 0)
	pen_vis--;
    save_vis();
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lpenpaint(NODE *args) {
    internal_penmode = PENMODE_PAINT;
    pen_down;
    save_mode();
    return(lpendown(NIL));
}

NODE *lpenerase(NODE *args) {
    internal_penmode = PENMODE_ERASE;
    pen_erase;
    save_mode();
    return(lpendown(NIL));
}

NODE *lpenreverse(NODE *args) {
    internal_penmode = PENMODE_REVERSE;
    pen_reverse;
    save_mode();
    return(lpendown(NIL));
}

NODE *lpenmode(NODE *args) {
    switch(internal_penmode) {
	case PENMODE_PAINT: return theName(Name_paint);
	case PENMODE_ERASE: return theName(Name_erase);
	case PENMODE_REVERSE: return theName(Name_reverse);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);	/* Can't get here, but makes compiler happy */
}

NODE *lsetpencolor(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val;

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	if (is_list(car(arg))) {
	    val = make_intnode(PEN_COLOR_OFFSET);
	    lsetpalette(cons(val,arg));
	} else
	    val = pos_int_arg(arg);
	set_pen_color(getint(val));
	save_color();
	done_drawing;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetbackground(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val;

    if (!graphics_setup) {
	graphics_setup++;
	turtle_shown=TRUE;
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	if (is_list(car(arg))) {
	    val = make_intnode(BACKGROUND_COLOR_OFFSET);
	    lsetpalette(cons(val,arg));
	} else
	    val = pos_int_arg(arg);
	set_back_ground(getint(val));
	done_drawing;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetpalette(NODE *args) {
	NODE *slot = integer_arg(args);
	NODE *arg = rgb_arg(cdr(args));
	int slotnum = (int)getint(slot);

	if (slotnum < -SPECIAL_COLORS) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, slot);
	} else if (NOT_THROWING && ((slotnum > 7) || (slotnum < 0))) {
//		prepare_to_draw;
		set_palette(slotnum,
		    (unsigned int)(get_number(arg)*65535/100.0),
		    (unsigned int)(get_number(cdr(arg))*65535/100.0),
		    (unsigned int)(get_number(cddr(arg))*65535/100.0));
		if (pen_color == slotnum) {
		    set_pen_color(slotnum);
		}
//		done_drawing;
		if (slotnum > max_palette_slot) max_palette_slot = slotnum;
	}
	return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *make_rgbnode(unsigned int val) {
    FLONUM result=val * 100.0 / 65535.0;

    if (result == g_round(result)) 
	return make_intnode((FIXNUM)result);
    else
	return make_floatnode(result);
}

NODE *lpalette(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = integer_arg(args);
    unsigned int r=0, g=0, b=0;

    if (getint(arg) < -SPECIAL_COLORS) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	get_palette((int)getint(arg), &r, &g, &b);
	return cons(make_rgbnode(r), 
			cons(make_rgbnode(g),
				cons(make_rgbnode(b), NIL)));
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

void save_palette(FILE *fp) {
    unsigned int colors[3];
    int i;
    fwrite(&max_palette_slot, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
    for (i=8; i <= max_palette_slot; i++) {
	get_palette(i, &colors[0], &colors[1], &colors[2]);
	fwrite(colors, sizeof(int), 3, fp);
    }
}

void restore_palette(FILE *fp) {
    unsigned int colors[3];
    int i, nslots;
    fread(&nslots, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
    if (nslots > max_palette_slot) max_palette_slot = nslots;
    for (i=8; i <= nslots; i++) {
	fread(colors, sizeof(int), 3, fp);
	set_palette(i, colors[0], colors[1], colors[2]);
    }
}

NODE *lsetpensize(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    prepare_to_draw;
    if (is_list(car(args))) {
	arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    set_pen_width((int)getint(car(arg)));
	    set_pen_height((int)getint(cadr(arg)));
	}
    } else {    /* 5.5 accept single number for [n n] */
	arg = pos_int_arg(args);
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    set_pen_width((int)getint(arg));
	    set_pen_height((int)getint(arg));
	}
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING)
	save_size();
    done_drawing;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetpenpattern(NODE *args) {    
    NODE *arg;

    arg = car(args);
    while ((!is_list(arg)) && NOT_THROWING)
	arg = err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg);
	
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	set_list_pen_pattern(arg);
	save_pattern();
	done_drawing;
    }

    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetscrunch(NODE *args) {
    NODE *xnode, *ynode;

    xnode = numeric_arg(args);
    ynode = numeric_arg(cdr(args));

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	draw_turtle();
	x_scale = (nodetype(xnode) == FLOATT) ? getfloat(xnode) :
			       (FLONUM)getint(xnode);
	y_scale = (nodetype(ynode) == FLOATT) ? getfloat(ynode) :
			       (FLONUM)getint(ynode);
	draw_turtle();
	done_drawing;
#ifdef __RZTC__
	{
	    FILE *fp = fopen("scrunch.dat","r");
	    if (fp != NULL) {
		fclose(fp);
		fp = fopen("scrunch.dat","w");
		if (fp != NULL) {
		    fwrite(&x_scale, sizeof(FLONUM), 1, fp);
		    fwrite(&y_scale, sizeof(FLONUM), 1, fp);
		    fclose(fp);
		}
	    }
	}
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	//update the label height!

	wx_adjust_label_height();
#endif
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lmousepos(NODE *args) {
    return(cons(make_floatnode(mouse_x/x_scale),
		cons(make_floatnode(mouse_y/y_scale), NIL)));
}

#ifdef HAVE_WX

NODE *lclickpos(NODE *args) {
    return(cons(make_floatnode(click_x/x_scale),
		cons(make_floatnode(click_y/y_scale), NIL)));
}

#endif

NODE *lbuttonp(NODE *args) {

    if (button)
	return(TrueName());
    return(FalseName());
}

NODE *lbutton(NODE *args) {
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    return(make_intnode(lastbutton));
#else
    return(make_intnode(button));
#endif
}

NODE *ltone(NODE *args) {
    NODE *p, *d;
    FIXNUM pitch, duration;
    
    p = numeric_arg(args);
    d = numeric_arg(cdr(args));
    
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	pitch = (nodetype(p) == FLOATT) ? (FIXNUM)getfloat(p) : getint(p);
	duration = (nodetype(d) == FLOATT) ? (FIXNUM)getfloat(d) : getint(d);
	if (pitch > 0) tone(pitch, duration);
}
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void do_arc(FLONUM count, FLONUM ang, FLONUM radius, FLONUM delta,
	    FLONUM tx, FLONUM ty, FLONUM angle, FLONUM thead, BOOLEAN save) {
    FLONUM x;
    FLONUM y;
    FLONUM i;
    BOOLEAN save_refresh = refresh_p;
    FLONUM save_x = turtle_x;
    FLONUM save_y = turtle_y;
    int pen_state;

    refresh_p = 0;
    if (save) {
	x = sin(ang*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;
	y = cos(ang*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;
	turtle_x = tx+x*x_scale;
	turtle_y = ty+y*y_scale;
    }

    /* draw each line segment of arc (will do wrap) */

    for (i=1.0;i<=count;i=i+1.0) {

       /* calc x y */

       x = sin(ang*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;
       y = cos(ang*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;
       setpos_bynumber(tx/x_scale+x, ty/y_scale+y);
       ang = ang + delta;
    }

    /* assure we draw something and end in the exact right place */

    x = sin((thead+angle)*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;
    y = cos((thead+angle)*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;

    setpos_bynumber(tx/x_scale+x, ty/y_scale+y);

    if (save) {
	pen_state = pen_vis;
	pen_vis = -1;
	setpos_bynumber(tx/x_scale, ty/y_scale);
	pen_vis = pen_state;
	turtle_x = save_x;
	turtle_y = save_y;
    }
    refresh_p = save_refresh;
}

NODE *larc(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val1;
    NODE *val2;

    FLONUM angle;
    FLONUM radius;
    FLONUM ang;
    FLONUM tx;
    FLONUM ty;
    FLONUM count;
    FLONUM delta;
    FLONUM x;
    FLONUM y;

    int turtle_state;
    int pen_state;
    
    /* get args */

    val1 = numeric_arg(arg);
    val2 = numeric_arg(cdr(arg));

    if (NOT_THROWING) {

	if (nodetype(val1) == INT)
	    angle = (FLONUM)getint(val1);
	else
	    angle = getfloat(val1);

	if (nodetype(val2) == INT)
	    radius = (FLONUM)getint(val2);
	else
	    radius = getfloat(val2);

	internal_hideturtle();
	prepare_to_draw;
	draw_turtle();

	/* save and force turtle state */

	turtle_state = turtle_shown;
	turtle_shown = 0;

	/* grab things before they change and use for restore */

	ang = turtle_heading;
	tx = turtle_x;
	ty = turtle_y;

	/* calculate resolution parameters */

	if (angle > 360.0) angle = 360.0+fmod(angle, 360.0);
	if (angle < -360.0) angle = -(360.0+fmod(-angle, 360.0));
	count = fabs(angle*radius/200.0);	/* 4.5 */
	if (count == 0.0) count = 1.0;
	delta = angle/count;

	/* jump to begin of first line segment without drawing */

	x = sin(ang*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;
	y = cos(ang*3.141592654/180.0)*radius;

	pen_state = pen_vis;
	pen_vis = -1;
	save_vis();
	setpos_bynumber(tx/x_scale+x, ty/y_scale+y);
	pen_vis = pen_state;
	save_vis();
	ang = ang + delta;

	save_arc(count, ang, radius, delta, tx, ty, angle, turtle_heading);

	do_arc(count, ang, radius, delta, tx, ty, angle, turtle_heading, 0);

	/* restore state */

	pen_state = pen_vis;
	pen_vis = -1;
	save_vis();
	setpos_bynumber(tx/x_scale, ty/y_scale);
	pen_vis = pen_state;
	save_vis();

	turtle_shown = turtle_state;
	draw_turtle();
	wanna_x = turtle_x;
	wanna_y = turtle_y;
	out_of_bounds = FALSE;
	pen_state = pen_vis;
	pen_vis = -1;
	save_vis();
	forward_helper((FLONUM)0.0);    /* Lets fill work -- dunno why */
	pen_vis = pen_state;
	save_vis();

	done_drawing;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

#ifdef HAVE_WX

int insidefill = 0;

struct mypoint {
    int x,y;
};

NODE *lfilled(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val, *arg;
    char *start, *ptr;
    int start_idx, idx, count, color;
    unsigned int r,g,b;
    struct mypoint *points, *point;
    FLONUM x1,y1,lastx,lasty;
    int old_refresh = refresh_p;

    prepare_to_draw;
    if (is_list(car(args))) {
	val = make_intnode(FILLED_COLOR_OFFSET);
	lsetpalette(cons(val,args));
    } else
	val = pos_int_arg(args);
    done_drawing;
    color = getint(val);

    old_refresh = refresh_p;
    refresh_p = 1;  /* have to save polygon to fill it */

    if (!safe_to_save() || insidefill) {
	err_logo(BAD_GRAPH_INIT, NIL);
	refresh_p = old_refresh;
	return UNBOUND;
    }

    insidefill = 1;
    start = record;
    start_idx = record_index;
    x1 = screen_x_coord;
    y1 = screen_y_coord;

    arg = runnable_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = STARTFILL;
	record_index += Three;	/* Will be filled in at endfill */
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
	if (color == FILLED_COLOR_OFFSET) {
	    get_palette(FILLED_COLOR_OFFSET, &r, &g, &b);
	    last_recorded = record[record_index] = COLORFILL;
	    *(unsigned int *)(record + record_index + One) = r;
	    *(unsigned int *)(record + record_index + Two) = g;
	    *(unsigned int *)(record + record_index + Three) = b;
	    record_index += Four;
	}

	doing_filled = TRUE;
	(void)evaluator(arg, begin_line);
	doing_filled = FALSE;
    }

    insidefill = 0;

    if (!safe_to_save()) {
	err_logo(BAD_GRAPH_INIT, NIL);
	refresh_p = old_refresh;
	return UNBOUND;
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = ENDFILL;
	*(char **)(record + record_index + One) = start;
	*(int *)(record + record_index + Two) = start_idx;
	record_index += Three;
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
	    count=0;
	for (ptr = start, idx = start_idx; ptr[idx] != FINISHED; ) {
	switch (ptr[idx]) {
		case (LINEXY) :
		case (MOVEXY) :
		    count++;
		case (SETPENMODE) :
		case (SETPENSIZE) :
		case (STARTFILL) :
		case (ENDFILL) :
		    idx += Three;
		    break;
		case (LABEL) :
		    idx += (One+2 + ptr[idx + One] + (One-1)) & ~(One-1);
		    break;
		case (SETPENVIS) :
		case (FILLERUP) :
		    idx += One;
		    break;
		case (SETPENCOLOR) :
		    idx += Two;
		    break;
		case (SETPENRGB) :
		case (COLORFILL) :
		    idx += Four;
		    break;
		case (SETPENPATTERN) :
		    idx += One+8;
		    break;
		case (ARC) :
		    idx += 9*Big;
		    break;
		case (NEXTBUFFER):
		    ptr = *(char **)(ptr);
		    idx = One;
		    break;
	    }
	}
	point = points = malloc((count+1)*sizeof(struct mypoint));
	point->x = g_round(x1);
	point->y = g_round(y1);
	point++;
	ptr = start;
	idx = start_idx;
	*(int *)(start + start_idx + One) = count+1;
	*(int *)(start + start_idx + Two) = color;

    while (ptr[idx] != FINISHED) {
	switch (ptr[idx]) {
	    case (LINEXY) :
	    case (MOVEXY) :
		lastx = *(int *)(ptr + idx + One);
		lasty = *(int *)(ptr + idx + Two);
		point->x = screen_x_center+lastx;
		point->y = screen_y_center-lasty;
		point++;
	    case (SETPENMODE) :
	    case (SETPENSIZE) :
	    case (STARTFILL) :
	    case (ENDFILL) :
		idx += Three;
		break;
	    case (LABEL) :
		idx += (One+2 + ptr[idx + One] + (One-1)) & ~(One-1);
		break;
	    case (SETPENVIS) :
	    case (FILLERUP) :
		idx += One;
		break;
	    case (SETPENCOLOR) :
		idx += Two;
		break;
	    case (SETPENRGB) :
	    case (COLORFILL) :
		idx += Four;
		break;
	    case (SETPENPATTERN) :
		idx += One+8;
		break;
	    case (ARC) :
		idx += 9*Big;
		break;
	    case (NEXTBUFFER):
		ptr = *(char **)(ptr);
		idx = One;
		break;
	    }
	}
	doFilled(color, count+1, points);
	free(points);
    }

    refresh_p = old_refresh;
    if (!refresh_p) {
	record = start;
	record_index = start_idx;
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lprintpict(NODE *args) {
    if (args != NIL)
	wxlPrintPreviewPict();
    else
	wxlPrintPict();
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lprinttext(NODE *args) {
    if (args != NIL)
	wxlPrintPreviewText();
    else
	wxlPrintText();
    return UNBOUND;
}
#endif

/************************************************************/
/* The rest of this file implements the recording of moves in
   the graphics window and the playing back of those moves.  It's
   needed on machines like the Macintosh where the contents of the
   graphics window can get erased and need to be redrawn.  On
   machines where no graphics redrawing is necessary, set the size
   of the recording buffer to 1 in logo.h. */

BOOLEAN safe_to_save(void) {
    char *newbuf;

    if (!refresh_p || drawing_turtle) return FALSE;
    if (record == 0) {	/* first time */
	record = record_buffer;
	*(char **)(record) = 0;
	record_index = One;
	return TRUE;
    }
    if (record_index < (GR_SIZE - 300)) return TRUE;	/* room here */
    if (*(char **)(record) != 0) {    /* already allocated next one */
	*(record + record_index) = NEXTBUFFER;
	record = *(char **)(record);
	record_index = One;
	return TRUE;
    }
    newbuf = malloc(GR_SIZE);	/* get a new buffer */
    if (newbuf == NULL) return FALSE;	/* failed */
    
    *(record + record_index) = NEXTBUFFER;

    *(char **)(record) = newbuf;
    record = newbuf;
    *(char **)(record) = 0; 
    record_index = One;
    return TRUE;
}

void save_lm_helper (void) {
    *(int *)(record + record_index + One) = g_round(turtle_x);
    *(int *)(record + record_index + Two) = g_round(turtle_y);
    record_index += Three;
}

void save_line(void) {
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = LINEXY;
	save_lm_helper();
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

void save_move(void) {
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	if (record_index >= Three && last_recorded == MOVEXY && !doing_filled)
	    record_index -= Three;
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = MOVEXY;
	save_lm_helper();
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

void save_vis(void) {
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = SETPENVIS;
	record[record_index + 1] = pen_vis;
	record_index += One;
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

void save_mode(void) {
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = SETPENMODE;
#if defined(x_window) && !HAVE_WX
	*(GC *)(record + record_index + One) = pen_mode;
#else
	*(int *)(record + record_index + One) = pen_mode;
#endif
	*(int *)(record + record_index + Two) = internal_penmode;
	record_index += Three;
	save_color();
    }
}

void save_color(void) {
    unsigned int r,g,b;

    if (safe_to_save()) {
	if (pen_color == PEN_COLOR_OFFSET) {
	    get_palette(pen_color, &r, &g, &b);
	    last_recorded = record[record_index] = SETPENRGB;
	    *(unsigned int *)(record + record_index + One) = r;
	    *(unsigned int *)(record + record_index + Two) = g;
	    *(unsigned int *)(record + record_index + Three) = b;
	    record_index += Four;
	} else {
	    last_recorded = record[record_index] = SETPENCOLOR;
	    *(int *)(record + record_index + One) = pen_color;
	    record_index += Two;
	}
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

void save_size(void) {
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = SETPENSIZE;
	*(int *)(record + record_index + One) = pen_width;
	*(int *)(record + record_index + Two) = pen_height;
	record_index += Three;
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

void save_pattern(void) {
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = SETPENPATTERN;
	get_pen_pattern(&record[record_index + One]);
	record_index += One+8;
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

void save_string(char *s, int len) {
    int count;

    if (safe_to_save()) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = LABEL;
	record[record_index + One] = (unsigned char)len;
	for (count = 0; count <= len; count++)
	    record[record_index + One+1 + count] = s[count];
	record[record_index + One+2 + len] = '\0';
	record_index += (One+2 + len + (One-1)) & ~(One-1);
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

void save_arc(FLONUM count, FLONUM ang, FLONUM radius, FLONUM delta,
	      FLONUM tx, FLONUM ty, FLONUM angle, FLONUM thead) {
    if (safe_to_save()) {
	last_recorded = record[record_index] = ARC;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + Big) = count;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + 2 * Big) = ang;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + 3 * Big) = radius;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + 4 * Big) = delta;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + 5 * Big) = tx;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + 6 * Big) = ty;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + 7 * Big) = angle;
	*(FLONUM *)(record + record_index + 8 * Big) = thead;
	record_index += 9*Big;
	record[record_index] = FINISHED;
    }
}

NODE *lrefresh(NODE *args) {
    refresh_p = TRUE;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lnorefresh(NODE *args) {
    refresh_p = FALSE;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void redraw_graphics(void) {
    FLONUM save_tx, save_ty, save_th;
    FIXNUM r_index = One;
    char *bufp = record_buffer;
    int lastx, lasty;
    pen_info saved_pen;
    BOOLEAN saved_shown;
#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32)
    BOOLEAN save_splitscreen = in_splitscreen;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    char *start, *ptr;
    int start_idx, idx, count, color;
    unsigned int r,g,b;
    struct mypoint *points = 0, *point = 0;
#endif

    if (!refresh_p ) {
    /*	clear_screen;
	draw_turtle();	*/
	return;
    }

    prepare_to_draw;
    if(!graphics_setup){
        done_drawing;
        return;
    }
    save_tx = turtle_x;
    save_ty = turtle_y;
    save_th = turtle_heading;
    saved_shown = turtle_shown;
    turtle_shown = FALSE;
    save_pen(&saved_pen);
    restore_pen(&orig_pen);
	
#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32)
    full_screen;
#endif

    erase_screen();
    wanna_x = wanna_y = turtle_x = turtle_y = turtle_heading = 0.0;
    out_of_bounds = FALSE;
    move_to(screen_x_coord, screen_y_coord);
    internal_penmode = PENMODE_PAINT;
    pen_down;
    set_pen_color((FIXNUM)7);
    set_pen_width(1);
    set_pen_height(1);

#ifdef __TURBOC__
    moveto(p_info_x(orig_pen),p_info_y(orig_pen));
#endif

    lastx = lasty = 0;

    while (bufp[r_index] != FINISHED) {
    	turtle_x = (FLONUM)(lastx);
	turtle_y = (FLONUM)(lasty);
	switch (bufp[r_index]) {
	    case (LINEXY) :
		lastx = *(int *)(bufp + r_index + One);
		lasty = *(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two);
		line_to(screen_x_center+lastx, screen_y_center-lasty);
		r_index += Three;
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	    if (point != NULL) {
		point->x = screen_x_center+lastx;
		point->y = screen_y_center-lasty;
		point++;
	    }
#endif
		break;
	    case (MOVEXY) :
		lastx = *(int *)(bufp + r_index + One);
		lasty = *(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two);
		move_to(screen_x_center+lastx, screen_y_center-lasty);
		r_index += Three;
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	    if (point != NULL) {
		point->x = screen_x_center+lastx;
		point->y = screen_y_center-lasty;
		point++;
	    }
#endif
		break;
	    case (LABEL) :
 		draw_string((unsigned char *)(bufp + r_index + One+1));
		move_to(screen_x_center+lastx, screen_y_center-lasty);
		r_index += (One+2 + bufp[r_index + One] + (One-1)) & ~(One-1);
		break;
	    case (SETPENVIS) :
		set_pen_vis(bufp[r_index + 1]);
		r_index += One;
		break;
	    case (SETPENMODE) :
#if defined(x_window) && !HAVE_WX
		set_pen_mode(*(GC *)(bufp + r_index + One));
#else
		set_pen_mode(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One));
#endif
		internal_penmode = *(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two);
		r_index += Three;
		break;
	    case (SETPENCOLOR) :
		set_pen_color((FIXNUM)(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One)));
		r_index += Two;
		break;
	    case (SETPENRGB) :
		set_palette(PEN_COLOR_OFFSET,
				(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One)),
				(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two)),
				(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + Three)));
		set_pen_color((FIXNUM)(PEN_COLOR_OFFSET));
		r_index += Four;
		break;
	    case (COLORFILL) :
#ifdef HAVE_WX
		set_palette(FILLED_COLOR_OFFSET,
				(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One)),
				(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two)),
				(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + Three)));
#endif
		r_index += Four;
		break;
	    case (STARTFILL) :
#ifdef HAVE_WX
		point = points = malloc((*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One))
					    * sizeof(struct mypoint));
		if (point != NULL) {
		    point->x = screen_x_center+lastx;
		    point->y = screen_y_center-lasty;
		    point++;
		}
#endif
		r_index += Three;
		break;
	    case (ENDFILL) :
#ifdef HAVE_WX
		start = *(char **)(bufp + r_index + One);
		start_idx = *(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two);
		doFilled((*(int *)(start + start_idx + Two)),
			 (*(int *)(start + start_idx + One)),
			 points);
		free(points);
		point = points = 0;
#endif
		r_index += Three;
		break;
	    case (SETPENSIZE) :
		set_pen_width(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One));
		set_pen_height(*(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two));
		r_index += Three;
		break;
	    case (SETPENPATTERN) :
		set_pen_pattern(&bufp[r_index + One]);
		r_index += One+8;
		break;
	    case (FILLERUP) :
		logofill();
		r_index += One;
		break;
	    case (ARC) :
		do_arc(*(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + Big),
		       *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 2 * Big),
		       *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 3 * Big),
		       *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 4 * Big),
		       *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 5 * Big),
		       *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 6 * Big),
		       *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 7 * Big),
		       *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 8 * Big),
		       1);
		r_index += 9*Big;
		break;
	    case (NEXTBUFFER):
		bufp = *(char **)(bufp);
		r_index = One;
		break;
	}
    }

    restore_pen(&saved_pen);
    turtle_shown = saved_shown;

#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32)
    if (save_splitscreen) {split_screen;}
#endif

    turtle_x = save_tx;
    turtle_y = save_ty;
    turtle_heading = save_th;
    draw_turtle();
    done_drawing;
}

NODE *lsavepict(NODE *args) {
    FILE *fp;
    static int bg;
    FIXNUM want, cnt;
    FIXNUM zero = 0;
    char *p;
    char *buf = record_buffer;
	
#if defined(WIN32)||defined(ibm)
	extern NODE *lopen(NODE *, char *);
	lopen(args,"wb");
#else
    lopenwrite(args);
#endif
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	fp = (FILE *)file_list->n_obj;
	save_palette(fp);
	fwrite(&record_index, sizeof(FIXNUM), 1, fp);
	while (buf != record) {
	    want = GR_SIZE;
	    p = buf;
	    while (want > 0) {
		    cnt = fwrite(p, 1, want, fp);
		    if (ferror(fp) || cnt <= 0) {
			    err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
				    make_static_strnode("File too big"));
			    lclose(args);
			    return UNBOUND;
		    }
		    want -= cnt;
		    p += cnt;
	    }
	    buf = *(char **)(buf);
	}
	(void)fwrite(&zero, One, 1, fp);
	want = record_index;
	p = record + One;
	while (want > 0) {
		cnt = fwrite(p, 1, want, fp);
		if (ferror(fp) || cnt <= 0) {
			err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
				make_static_strnode("File too big"));
			lclose(args);
			return UNBOUND;
		}
		want -= cnt;
		p += cnt;
	}
	bg = (int)back_ground;
	fwrite(&bg, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
	lclose(args);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lloadpict(NODE *args) {
    FILE *fp;
    static int bg;
    FIXNUM want, cnt, next, rec_idx;
    char *p, *buf=record_buffer, *newbuf;

#if defined(WIN32)||defined(ibm)
	extern NODE *lopen(NODE *, char *);
	lopen(args,"rb");
#else
    lopenread(args);
#endif
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	prepare_to_draw;
	fp = (FILE *)file_list->n_obj;
	restore_palette(fp);
	fread(&rec_idx, sizeof(FIXNUM), 1, fp);
	if (rec_idx < 0 || rec_idx >= GR_SIZE) {
		err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
				 make_static_strnode("File bad format"));
		lclose(args);
		return UNBOUND;
	}
	(void)fread(&next, One, 1, fp);
	while (next != 0) {
	    want = GR_SIZE - One;
	    p = buf + One;
	    while (want > 0) {
		    cnt = fread(p, 1, want, fp);
		    if (ferror(fp) || cnt <= 0) {
			    record_index = 0;
			    last_recorded = -1;
			    done_drawing;
			    err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
				      make_static_strnode("File bad format"));
			    lclose(args);
			    return UNBOUND;
		    }
		    want -= cnt;
		    p += cnt;
	    }
	    newbuf = *(char **)(buf);
	    if (newbuf == 0) {
		newbuf = malloc(GR_SIZE);	/* get a new buffer */
		if (newbuf == NULL) {
		    done_drawing;
		    err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
				  make_static_strnode("Not enough memory."));
		    lclose(args);
		    return UNBOUND;
		}
		*(char **)(buf) = newbuf;
	    }
	    buf = newbuf;
	    (void)fread(&next, One, 1, fp);
	}
	want = rec_idx;
	p = buf + One;
	while (want > 0) {
		cnt = fread(p, 1, want, fp);
		if (ferror(fp) || cnt <= 0) {
			done_drawing;
			err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
				  make_static_strnode("File bad format"));
			lclose(args);
			return UNBOUND;
		}
		want -= cnt;
		p += cnt;
	}
	record = buf;
	record_index = rec_idx;
	fread(&bg, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
	lclose(args);
	set_back_ground((FIXNUM)bg);
	done_drawing;
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

void ps_string(FILE *fp, char *p) {
    int ch;

    while ((ch = *p++)) {
	if (ch=='(' || ch==')' || ch=='\\') fprintf(fp, "\\");
	fprintf(fp, "%c", ch);
    }
}

void rgbprint(FILE *fp, int cnum) {
    unsigned int r=0, g=0, b=0;

    get_palette(cnum, &r, &g, &b);
    fprintf(fp, "%6.4f %6.4f %6.4f", ((double)r)/65535,
		((double)g)/65535, ((double)b)/65535);
}

#ifdef mac
extern void fixMacType(NODE *args);
#endif

NODE *lepspict(NODE *args) {
    FILE *fp;
    int r_index = One, act=0, lastx = 0, lasty = 0, vis = 0;
    char *bufp = record_buffer;

#ifdef mac
    fixMacType(args);
    lopenappend(args);
#else
    lopenwrite(args);
#endif
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	fp = (FILE *)file_list->n_obj;

	fprintf(fp, "%%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n");
	ndprintf(fp, "%%Title: %p\n", car(args));
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%Creator: Logo2PS 1.1; Copyright 1997, Vladimir Batagelj\n");
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%BoundingBox: %d %d %d %d\n",
		screen_left, screen_top, screen_right, screen_bottom);
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%EndComments\n");
	ndprintf(fp, "%%Page: %p\n", car(args));
	fprintf(fp, "1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin\n");
	fprintf(fp, "/Courier 9 selectfont\n");

	fprintf(fp, "gsave\n");
	rgbprint(fp, back_ground);
	fprintf(fp, " setrgbcolor\n");
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d moveto %d %d lineto %d %d lineto %d %d lineto\n",
		    screen_left, screen_top, screen_right, screen_top,
		    screen_right, screen_bottom, screen_left, screen_bottom);
	fprintf(fp, " closepath fill grestore\n");

	fprintf(fp, "%d %d moveto\n", screen_x_center, screen_y_center);

	while (bufp[r_index] != FINISHED) {
	    switch (bufp[r_index]) {
		case (LINEXY) :
		    if (!vis) {
			lastx = screen_x_center + *(int *)(bufp + r_index + One);
			lasty = screen_y_center + *(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two);
			fprintf(fp, "%d %d lineto\n", lastx, lasty);
			r_index += Three;
			act++;
			break;	/* else fall through */
		    }
		case (MOVEXY) :
		    lastx = screen_x_center + *(int *)(bufp + r_index + One);
		    lasty = screen_y_center + *(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two);
		    fprintf(fp, "%d %d moveto\n", lastx, lasty);
		    r_index += Three;
		    break;
		case (LABEL) :
		    fprintf(fp, "gsave -5 1 rmoveto (");
		    ps_string(fp, bufp + r_index + One+1);
		    fprintf(fp, ") show grestore\n");
		    fprintf(fp, "%d %d moveto\n", lastx, lasty);
		    r_index += (One+2 + bufp[r_index + One] + (One-1)) & ~(One-1);
		    break;
		case (SETPENVIS) :
		    vis = bufp[r_index + 1];
		    r_index += One;
		    break;
		case (SETPENMODE) :
		    r_index += Three;
		    break;
		case (SETPENCOLOR) :
		    if (act) {
			fprintf(fp, "stroke %d %d moveto\n", lastx, lasty);
			act = 0;
		    }
		    rgbprint(fp, (*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One)));
		    fprintf(fp, " setrgbcolor\n");
		    r_index += Two;
		    break;
		case (SETPENRGB) :
		    if (act) {
			fprintf(fp, "stroke %d %d moveto\n", lastx, lasty);
			act = 0;
		    }
		    set_palette(-1, (*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One)),
				    (*(int *)(bufp + r_index + Two)),
				    (*(int *)(bufp + r_index + Three)));
		    rgbprint(fp, -1);
		    fprintf(fp, " setrgbcolor\n");
		    r_index += Four;
		    break;
		case (SETPENSIZE) :
		    if (act) {
			fprintf(fp, "stroke %d %d moveto\n", lastx, lasty);
			act = 0;
		    }
		    fprintf(fp, "%d setlinewidth\n",
			    (*(int *)(bufp + r_index + One)));
		    r_index += Three;
		    break;
		case (SETPENPATTERN) :
		    r_index += One+8;
		    break;
		case (FILLERUP) :
		    r_index += One;
		    break;
		case (ARC) :
		{
		    FLONUM tx = screen_x_center +
						*(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 5*Big);
		    FLONUM ty = screen_y_center +
						*(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 6*Big);
		    FLONUM radius = *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 3*Big);
		    FLONUM angle =*(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 7*Big);
		    FLONUM thead = *(FLONUM *)(bufp + r_index + 8*Big);
		    
		    /* move to beginning of the arc */
		    fprintf(fp, "%f %f moveto\n",
			    tx + radius * cos(degrad * (90 - thead - angle)),
			    ty + radius * sin(degrad * (90 - thead - angle)));
		    
		    /* x-coord y-coord r ang1 ang2 arc  - */
		    fprintf(fp, "%f %f %f %f %f arc\n",
			    tx, ty, radius, 
			    90 - thead - angle, 
			    90 - thead); 

		    /* bring ps-pen back to where turtle is */
		    fprintf(fp, "%d %d moveto\n", lastx, lasty);
		}

		r_index += 9*Big;
		break;
	    case (NEXTBUFFER):
		bufp = *(char **)(bufp);
		r_index = One;
		break;
	    case (STARTFILL):
	    case (ENDFILL):
		r_index += Three;
		break;
	    case (COLORFILL):
		r_index += Four;
		break;
	    }
	}
	    
	fprintf(fp, "stroke\nshowpage\n%%%%EOF\n");

	lclose(args);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}
ucblogo-6.1/ucblogo.png0000664000175000017500000020742013601420003013244 0ustar  jjcjjcPNG


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 GNU General Public License v3.0 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
 



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tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.



1. Source Code.



The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it.  “Object code” means any non-source
form of a work.



A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.



The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
“Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.



The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.



The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.



The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.



2. Basic Permissions.



All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.



You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.



Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.



3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.



No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.



When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
technological measures.



4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.



You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.



You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.



5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.



You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:



    

  • a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
    it, and giving a relevant date.
    • 


  • b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
    released under this License and any conditions added under section
    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
    “keep intact all notices”.
    • 


  • c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
    License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
    additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
    regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
    permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
    invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
    • 


  • d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
    Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
    interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
    work need not make them do so.
    • 




A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
“aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.



6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.



You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:



    

  • a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
    Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
    customarily used for software interchange.
    • 


  • b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
    long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
    copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
    product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
    Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
    • 


  • c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
    written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
    only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
    with subsection 6b.
    • 


  • d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
    place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
    Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
    further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
    Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
    copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
    may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
    that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
    clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
    Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
    Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
    available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
    • 


  • e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
    you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
    Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
    charge under subsection 6d.
    • 




A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.



A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
the only significant mode of use of the product.



“Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.



If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).



The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.



Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.



7. Additional Terms.



“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.



When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.



Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:



    

  • a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
    terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
    • 


  • b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
    author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
    Notices displayed by works containing it; or
    • 


  • c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
    requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
    reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
    • 


  • d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
    authors of the material; or
    • 


  • e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
    trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
    • 


  • f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
    material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
    it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
    any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
    those licensors and authors.
    • 




All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further
restrictions” within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.



If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.



Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.



8. Termination.



You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).



However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.



Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.



Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.



9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.



You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.



10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.



Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.



An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.



You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.



11. Patents.



A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.



A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.



Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.



In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement).  To “grant” such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.



If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients.  “Knowingly relying” means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.



If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.



A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.



Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.



12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.



If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.



13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.



Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.



14. Revised Versions of this License.



The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.



Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.



If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.



Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.



15. Disclaimer of Warranty.



THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.



16. Limitation of Liability.



IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.



17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.



If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.



END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS



How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs



If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.



To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.



    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.




Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.



If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:



    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.




The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.



You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.



The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.



ucblogo-6.1/LICENSE0000664000175000017500000010451513575571772012150 0ustar  jjcjjc                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                       Version 3, 29 June 2007

 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

                            Preamble

  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.

  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
your programs, too.

  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.

  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.

  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.

  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.

  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.

                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS

  0. Definitions.

  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.

  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.

  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.

  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.

  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

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Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
.
ucblogo-6.1/files.c0000664000175000017500000004444713575571772012420 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      files.c         logo file management module             dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#ifdef WIN32
#include 
#endif /* WIN32 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef HAVE_WX
#define getc getFromWX_2
#define ungetc wxUnget_c
int reading_char_now = 0;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include 
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif

#ifdef mac
#include 
#endif
#ifdef ibm
#ifndef _MSC_VER
#include 
#ifndef __RZTC__
#include 
#endif /* ZTC */
#endif /* MSC_VER */
extern int getch(), kbhit();
#ifdef __RZTC__
#include 
#endif
#endif

NODE *file_list = NULL;
NODE *reader_name = NIL, *writer_name = NIL, *file_prefix = NIL;
int need_save = 0;  /* nonzero if workspace changed since save */
NODE *save_name = NIL;	/* filename of last save or load command */

char *asciiz(NODE *arg) {
    char *out = (char *)malloc(getstrlen(arg)+1);
    return noparity_strnzcpy(out, getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg));
}

NODE *lseteditor(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args));
    if (arg == UNBOUND) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
    else {
	editor = asciiz(arg);
    editorname = strrchr(editor, (int)'/');
    if (editorname == NULL) editorname = strrchr(editor, (int)'\\');
    if (editorname == NULL) editorname = strrchr(editor, (int)':');
    editorname = (editorname ? editorname+1 : editor);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lsetlibloc(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args));
    if (arg == UNBOUND) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
    else logolib = asciiz(arg);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lsethelploc(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args));
    if (arg == UNBOUND) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
    else helpfiles = asciiz(arg);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lsetcslsloc(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args));
    if (arg == UNBOUND) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
    else csls = asciiz(arg);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lsettemploc(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args));
    if (arg == UNBOUND) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
    else tempdir = asciiz(arg);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lsetprefix(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    if (car(args) == NIL) file_prefix = NIL;
    else {
	arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args));
	if (arg == UNBOUND) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
	else file_prefix = arg;
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lprefix(NODE *args) {
    return file_prefix;
}

FILE *open_file(NODE *arg, char *access) {
    char *fnstr;
    FILE *tstrm;
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    if (is_list(arg)) { /* print to string */
	if (*access != 'w') {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
	    return NULL;
	} else {
	    FIXNUM i = int_arg(cdr(arg));
	    if (NOT_THROWING && i > 0 && cddr(arg) == NIL) {
		char *tmp = (char *)malloc(i);
		*tmp = '\0';
		return (FILE *)tmp;
	    }
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(arg));
	    return NULL;
	}
    }

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(arg);
    if (arg == UNBOUND) return(NULL);
    if (file_prefix != NIL) {
	print_stringlen = getstrlen(file_prefix) +
			    getstrlen(arg) + 2;
	fnstr = (char *)malloc((size_t)print_stringlen + 1);
    } else
	fnstr = (char *) malloc((size_t)getstrlen(arg) + 1);
    if (fnstr == NULL) {
	err_logo(FILE_ERROR, make_static_strnode(message_texts[MEM_LOW]));
	print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
	print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
	return NULL;
    }
    if (file_prefix != NIL) {
	print_stringptr = fnstr;
	ndprintf((FILE *)NULL, "%p%t%p", file_prefix, separator, arg);
	*print_stringptr = '\0';
	print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
	print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    } else
	noparity_strnzcpy(fnstr, getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg));
    tstrm = fopen(fnstr, access);
    free(fnstr);
    return(tstrm);
}

NODE *ldribble(NODE *arg) {
    if (dribblestream != NULL)
	err_logo(ALREADY_DRIBBLING, NIL);
    else {
	dribblestream = open_file(car(arg), "w+");
	if (dribblestream == NULL) err_logo(CANT_OPEN_ERROR, car(arg));
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lnodribble(NODE *args) {
    if (dribblestream != NULL) {
	fclose(dribblestream);
	dribblestream = NULL;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

FILE *find_file(NODE *arg, BOOLEAN remove) {
    NODE *t, *prev = NIL;
    FILE *fp = NULL;

    t = file_list;
    while (t != NIL) {
	if ((is_list(arg) && arg == car(t)) ||
	    (!is_list(arg) && (compare_node(arg, car(t), FALSE) == 0))) {
	    fp = (FILE *)t->n_obj;
	    if (remove) {
		t->n_obj = NIL;
		if (prev == NIL)
		    file_list = cdr(t);
		else
		    setcdr(prev, cdr(t));
	    }
	    break;
	}
	prev = t;
	t = cdr(t);
    }
    return fp;
}

NODE *lopen(NODE *arg, char *mode) {
    FILE *tmp;

    arg = car(arg);
    if (find_file(arg, FALSE) != NULL)
	err_logo(ALREADY_OPEN_ERROR, arg);
    else if ((tmp = open_file(arg, mode)) != NULL) {
	push(arg, file_list);
	file_list->n_obj = (NODE *)tmp;
    }
    else
	err_logo(CANT_OPEN_ERROR, arg);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lopenread(NODE *arg) {
    return(lopen(arg,"r"));
}

NODE *lopenwrite(NODE *arg) {
    return(lopen(arg,"w"));
}

NODE *lopenappend(NODE *arg) {
    return(lopen(arg,"a"));
}

NODE *lopenupdate(NODE *arg) {
    return(lopen(arg,"a+"));
}

NODE *lallopen(NODE *args) {
    return(file_list);
}

NODE *lclose(NODE *arg) {
    FILE *tmp;
    NODE *margs;

    if ((tmp = find_file(car(arg), TRUE)) == NULL)
	err_logo(NOT_OPEN_ERROR, car(arg));
    else if (is_list (car(arg))) {
	margs = cons(caar(arg),
		     cons(make_strnode((char *)tmp, NULL, strlen((char *)tmp),
				       STRING, strnzcpy),
			  NIL));
	lmake(margs);
	free((char *)tmp);
    } else
	fclose(tmp);
    if ((is_list(car(arg)) && car(arg) == writer_name) ||
	(!is_list(car(arg)) &&
	 (compare_node(car(arg), writer_name, FALSE) == 0))) {
	    writer_name = NIL;
	    writestream = stdout;
    }
    if ((is_list(car(arg)) && car(arg) == reader_name) ||
	(!is_list(car(arg)) &&
	 (compare_node(car(arg), reader_name, FALSE) == 0))) {
	    reader_name = NIL;
	    readstream = stdin;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

char *write_buf = 0;

NODE *lsetwrite(NODE *arg) {
    FILE *tmp;
    NODE *margs;

    if (writestream == NULL) {
	/* Any setwrite finishes earlier write to string */
	*print_stringptr = '\0';
	writestream = stdout;
	if (find_file(writer_name, FALSE) == NULL) {
	    /* pre-5.4 compatibility mode, implicitly close string */
	    margs = cons(car(writer_name),
			 cons(make_strnode(write_buf, NULL, strlen(write_buf),
					   STRING, strnzcpy),
			      NIL));
	    lmake(margs);
	    free(write_buf);
	}
	writer_name = NIL;
    }
    if (car(arg) == NIL) {
	writestream = stdout;
	writer_name = NIL;
    } else if (is_list(car(arg))) { /* print to string */
	FIXNUM i = int_arg(cdar(arg));
	if ((tmp = find_file(car(arg), FALSE)) != NULL) {
	    writestream = NULL;
	    writer_name = car(arg);
	    print_stringptr = (char *)tmp + strlen((char *)tmp);
	    print_stringlen = i - strlen((char *)tmp);
	} else if (NOT_THROWING && i > 0 && cddr(car(arg)) == NIL) {
	    writestream = NULL;
	    writer_name = copy_list(car(arg));
	    print_stringptr = write_buf = (char *)malloc(i);
	    print_stringlen = i;
	} else err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(arg));
    } else if ((tmp = find_file(car(arg), FALSE)) != NULL) {
	writestream = tmp;
	writer_name = car(arg);
    } else
	err_logo(NOT_OPEN_ERROR, car(arg));
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsetread(NODE *arg) {
    FILE *tmp;

    if (car(arg) == NIL) {
	readstream = stdin;
	reader_name = NIL;
    }
    else if ((tmp = find_file(car(arg), FALSE)) != NULL) {
	readstream = tmp;
	reader_name = car(arg);
    }
    else
	err_logo(NOT_OPEN_ERROR, car(arg));
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lreader(NODE *args) {
    return(reader_name);
}

NODE *lwriter(NODE *args) {
    return(writer_name);
}

NODE *lerasefile(NODE *arg) {
    char *fnstr;

    arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(arg));
    if (arg == UNBOUND) return(UNBOUND);
    fnstr = malloc((size_t)getstrlen(arg) + 1);
    if (fnstr == NULL) {
	err_logo(FILE_ERROR, make_static_strnode(message_texts[MEM_LOW]));
	return UNBOUND;
    }
    strnzcpy(fnstr, getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg));
    unlink(fnstr);
    free(fnstr);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsave(NODE *arg) {
    FILE *tmp;
    NODE *name;

    if (arg == NIL) name = save_name;
    else name = car(arg);
    tmp = writestream;
    if (name != NIL) {
	writestream = open_file(name, "w+");
	if (writestream != NULL) {
	    lpo(cons(lcontents(NIL), NIL));
	    fclose(writestream);
	    need_save = 0;
	    save_name = name;
	}
	else
	    err_logo(CANT_OPEN_ERROR, car(arg));
    } else
	err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH, NIL);
    writestream = tmp;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

void runstartup(NODE *oldst) {
    NODE *st;

    st = valnode__caseobj(Startup);
    if (st != oldst && st != NIL && is_list(st)) {
	eval_driver(st);
    }
}

void silent_load(NODE *arg, char *prefix) {
    FILE *tmp_stream;
    NODE *tmp_line, *exec_list;
    char load_path[200];
    NODE *st = valnode__caseobj(Startup);

    /* This procedure is called three ways:
     *    silent_load(NIL,*argv)	loads *argv
     *    silent_load(proc,logolib)     loads logolib/proc
     *    silent_load(proc,NULL)	loads proc.lg
     * The "/" or ".lg" is supplied by this procedure as needed.
     */

    /*     [This is no longer true!  But for Windows we change FOO? to FOOQ.]
     * In the case that this procedure is called to load a procedure from the
     * logo library, it must first truncate the name of the procedure to
     * eight characters, to find the filename (so as to be compatible with
     * MS-DOS)
     */

    if (prefix == NULL && arg == NIL) return;
    strcpy(load_path, (prefix == NULL ? "" :
    			  (arg == NIL ? prefix : addsep(prefix))));
    if (arg != NIL) {
	arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(arg);
	if (arg == UNBOUND) return;
	if (!strncmp(getstrptr(arg), ".", getstrlen(arg))) return;
	if (!strncmp(getstrptr(arg), "..", 2)) return;
	if (getstrlen(arg) > 150) return;
	noparitylow_strnzcpy(load_path + (int)strlen(load_path),
			     getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg));
	if (prefix == NULL)
	  strcat(load_path, ".lg");
/* #ifdef WIN32 */
	else if (arg != NIL) {
	    char *cp;
	    for (cp = load_path; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
		if (*cp == '?') *cp = 'Q';
	}
	/*  strcpy(load_path, eight_dot_three(load_path));  */
/* #endif */
    }
    tmp_stream = loadstream;
    tmp_line = current_line;
    loadstream = fopen(load_path, "r");
    if (loadstream != NULL) {
#ifdef OBJECTS
      // make sure the library executes
      // in the context of the logo object
      NODE* temp_object = current_object;
      current_object = logo_object;
#endif
      while (!(feof(loadstream)) && NOT_THROWING) {
	current_line = reader(loadstream, "");
	exec_list =parser(current_line, TRUE);
	if (exec_list != NIL) eval_driver(exec_list);
      }
      fclose(loadstream);
      runstartup(st);
#ifdef OBJECTS
      // restore the old current object
      current_object = temp_object;
#endif
    } else if (arg == NIL || prefix == csls)
      err_logo(CANT_OPEN_ERROR,
	       make_strnode(load_path, NULL, strlen(load_path), STRING,
			    strnzcpy));
    loadstream = tmp_stream;
    current_line = tmp_line;
}

NODE *lcslsload(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *save_prefix = file_prefix;
    file_prefix = NIL;
    silent_load(car(arg),csls);
    file_prefix = save_prefix;
    save_name = car(arg);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lload(NODE *arg) {
    FILE *tmp;
    NODE *tmp_line, *exec_list;
    NODE *st = valnode__caseobj(Startup);

    tmp = loadstream;
    tmp_line = current_line;
    loadstream = open_file(car(arg), "r");
    if (loadstream != NULL) {
	while (!(feof(loadstream)) && NOT_THROWING) {
	    current_line = reader(loadstream, "");
	    exec_list = parser(current_line, TRUE);
	    if (exec_list != NIL) eval_driver(exec_list);
	}
	fclose(loadstream);
	save_name = car(arg);
	runstartup(st);
    } else
	err_logo(CANT_OPEN_ERROR, car(arg));
    loadstream = tmp;
    current_line = tmp_line;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lreadlist(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val;

    val = parser(reader(readstream, ""), FALSE);
    if (feof(readstream)) {
	return(Null_Word);
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lreadword(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val;

    val = reader(readstream, "RW");	/* fake prompt flags no auto-continue */
    if (feof(readstream)) {
	return(NIL);
    }
    return(val);
}

NODE *lreadrawline(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val;

    val = reader(readstream, "RAW");	/* fake prompt flags no specials */
    if (feof(readstream)) {
	return(NIL);
    }
    return(val);
}

int readchar_lookahead_buf = -1;

NODE *lreadchar(NODE *args) {
#ifdef WIN32
    MSG msg;
#endif /* WIN32 */
    char c;

    if (readchar_lookahead_buf >= 0) {
	c = (char)readchar_lookahead_buf;
	readchar_lookahead_buf = -1;
	return(make_strnode((char *)&c, (struct string_block *)NULL, 1,
		(getparity(c) ? BACKSLASH_STRING : STRING), strnzcpy));
    }
    charmode_on();
    input_blocking++;
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	if (interactive && readstream==stdin) {
	    reading_char_now = 1;
	    c = getFromWX();
	    reading_char_now = 0;
	}
	else
	    c = (char)getc(readstream);
#else
#ifndef TIOCSTI
    if (!setjmp(iblk_buf))
#endif
    {
#ifdef mac
	csetmode(C_RAW, stdin);
	while ((c = (char)getc(readstream)) == EOF && readstream == stdin);
	csetmode(C_ECHO, stdin);
#else /* !mac */
#ifdef ibm
	if (interactive && readstream==stdin)
#ifndef WIN32
		c = (char)getch();
#else /* WIN32 */
	{
	  win32_update_text();
	  if (!char_avail)
	    while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	    {
	      TranslateMessage(&msg);
	      DispatchMessage(&msg);
	      if (char_avail)
		break;
	    }
	  c = buffered_char;
	  char_avail = 0;
	}
#endif /* WIN32 */	
	else
		c = (char)getc(readstream);

	if (c == 17) { /* control-q */
	    to_pending = 0;
	    err_logo(STOP_ERROR,NIL);
	}
	if (c == 23) { /* control-w */

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
	    logo_pause(0);
#else
	    logo_pause();
#endif
	    return(lreadchar(NIL));
	}
#else /* !ibm */
	c = (char)getc(readstream);
#endif /* ibm */
#endif /* mac */
    }
#endif /* wx */
    input_blocking = 0;
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    if ((!interactive || readstream!=stdin) && feof(readstream)) {
#else
    if (feof(readstream)) {
#endif
	return(NIL);
    }
    return(make_strnode((char *)&c, (struct string_block *)NULL, 1,
	    (getparity(c) ? BACKSLASH_STRING : STRING), strnzcpy));
}

NODE *lreadchars(NODE *args) {
    unsigned int c, i;
    struct string_block *strhead = NULL;
    char *strptr= NULL;
    NODETYPES type = STRING;
    char *cp;

    c = (unsigned int)getint(pos_int_arg(args));
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) return UNBOUND;
    charmode_on();
    input_blocking++;
#ifndef TIOCSTI
    if (!setjmp(iblk_buf))
#endif
    {
	strhead = malloc((size_t)(c + sizeof(FIXNUM) + 1));
	if (strhead == NULL) {
	    err_logo(FILE_ERROR, make_static_strnode(message_texts[MEM_LOW]));
	    return UNBOUND;
	}
	strptr = strhead->str_str;
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	if (interactive && readstream==stdin) {
	    reading_char_now = 1;
	    cp=strptr;
	    for (i=c; i != 0; --i) {
		*cp++ = getFromWX();
	    }
	    reading_char_now = 0;
	} else
	    c = (unsigned int)fread(strptr, 1, (size_t)c, readstream);
#else
	c = (unsigned int)fread(strptr, 1, (size_t)c, readstream);
#endif
	setstrrefcnt(strhead, 0);
    }
    input_blocking = 0;
#ifndef TIOCSTI
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) return(UNBOUND);
#endif
    if (c <= 0) {
	free(strhead);
	return(NIL);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
	if (getparity(strptr[i])) type = BACKSLASH_STRING;
    return(make_strnode(strptr, strhead, (int)c, type, strnzcpy));
}

NODE *leofp(NODE *args) {
    int c;

#ifdef HAVE_WX
    if (interactive && readstream==stdin) return FalseName();
#endif
    c = getc(readstream);
    if (c == EOF) return(TrueName());

    ungetc(c,readstream);
    return(FalseName());
}

NODE *lkeyp(NODE *args) {
#if defined(unix) | defined(__WXMSW__)
    long nc;
#endif
    int c;
#ifdef WIN32
    MSG msg;
    int old_mode;
#endif

    if (readchar_lookahead_buf >= 0) return TrueName();
    if (readstream == stdin && interactive) {
	charmode_on();
	fflush(stdout);
	fix_turtle_shownness();
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	return(wxKeyp() ? TrueName() : FalseName());
#else
#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
	zflush();
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
	win32_update_text();
#endif

#if defined(mac)
	csetmode(C_RAW, stdin);
	c = ungetc(getc(readstream), readstream);
	csetmode(C_ECHO, stdin);
	return(c == EOF ? FalseName() : TrueName());
#elif defined(ibm)
#ifdef WIN32
	old_mode = char_mode;
	char_mode = 1;
	while (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, WM_KEYFIRST, WM_KEYLAST, PM_REMOVE))
	{
	  TranslateMessage(&msg);
	  DispatchMessage(&msg);
	  if (char_avail/* ||cur_index */ )
	    break;
	}
	char_mode = old_mode;
	return ((char_avail /* ||cur_index */ ) ? TrueName() : FalseName());
#else
	return(kbhit() ? TrueName() : FalseName());
#endif
#else
#ifdef FIONREAD
	ioctl(0,FIONREAD,(int *)(&nc));
#else
	ndprintf(stdout, "%t\n", message_texts[NO_FIONREAD]);
	nc = 1;    /* pretend there's a char so we don't loop */
#endif
	if (nc > 0)
	    return(TrueName());
	else
	    return(FalseName());
#endif
#endif /* wx */
    }
    c = getc(readstream);
    if (feof(readstream))
	return(FalseName());
    else {
	ungetc(c, readstream);
	return(TrueName());
    }
}

NODE *lreadpos(NODE *args) {
    return(make_intnode(ftell(readstream)));
}

NODE *lsetreadpos(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val = pos_int_arg(arg);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	fseek(readstream,getint(val),0);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lwritepos(NODE *args) {
    return(make_intnode(ftell(writestream)));
}

NODE *lsetwritepos(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *val = pos_int_arg(arg);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	fseek(writestream,getint(val),0);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}
ucblogo-6.1/.gitignore0000664000175000017500000000041213601420003013064 0ustar  jjcjjc*.o
git.c
libloc.c
makefile
makehelp
logo
config.h
config.log
config.status
docs/html/
docs/ucblogo.info
docs/usermanual.aux
docs/usermanual.cp
docs/usermanual.cps
docs/usermanual.dvi
docs/usermanual.log
docs/usermanual.ps
docs/usermanual.toc
helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
ucblogo-6.1/README.md0000664000175000017500000000511113601420003012354 0ustar  jjcjjc# UCBLogo

## Berkeley Logo interpreter

This is a free (both senses) interpreter for the Logo programming language.

The interpreter was written primarily by Daniel Van Blerkom, Brian Harvey,
Michael Katz, Douglas Orleans and Joshua Cogliati. Thanks to Fred Gilham for the X11 code.
Emacs logo-mode by Hrvoje Blazevic.

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

## About this project

This uses the repository https://github.com/jrincayc/ucblogo-code
created for further UCBLogo development.
The current version is 6.1

Changes for this release:
* The license has been changed to GPL3.
* The wxWidgets version updated to compile and run with version 3.0.
* Adjustments made to compile and run on newer OSX versions.
* Variety fixes like fixing implicit function definitions, fixing a line cursor behaviour, etc.

Here is an overview of the repository:
* csls - Programs form [Brian Harvey's trilogy "Computer Science Logo Style"](https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bh/).
* docs - Usermanual in variety formats and brief manual page.
* helpfiles - files for UCBLogo interactive help.
* test - Unit tests.
* / - program source code and [a Program Logic Manual](/plm).

The executable file in this distribution includes libraries from the
[wxWidgets project](http://wxwidgets.org/).  The Microsoft Windows version
is distributed with runtime library libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll and libstdc++-6.dll,
from the [MinGW project](http://www.mingw.org/).
Those libraries are also covered by the Gnu GPL.  We
do not distribute their source code; you can download it from their
respective web sites.

## Usage

To build Logo under *nix, do this:
```
	./configure
	make
```

## Previous versions

For getting UCBLogo previous versions such as version 6.0 if you're running wxWidgets or 5.4 if not, please visit [Brian Harvey's UCBLogo GitHub repository](https://github.com/brianharvey/UCBLogo).

The distribution for frozen platforms includes version 5.3 for DOS and Mac Classic (pre-OS X) still may be reached at [Brian Harvey's personal page](https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bh/).
ucblogo-6.1/error.c0000664000175000017500000002054713575571772012442 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      error.c         logo error module                       dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include 
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
#include 
#endif

#ifdef mac
#include 
#endif

NODE *throw_node = NIL;
NODE *err_mesg = NIL;
ERR_TYPES erract_errtype;

char *message_texts[MAX_MESSAGE+NUM_WORDS];

void err_print(char *buffer) {
    int save_flag = stopping_flag;
    int errtype;
    NODE *errargs, *oldfullp;
    FILE *fp;
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    if (err_mesg == NIL) return;

    if (buffer == NULL) {
	fp = stdout;
    } else {
	if (writestream == NULL) lsetwrite(the_generation); /* setwrite [] */
	print_stringptr = buffer;
	print_stringlen = 200;
	fp = NULL;
    }

    stopping_flag = RUN;
	oldfullp = valnode__caseobj(Fullprintp);
    setvalnode__caseobj(Fullprintp, TrueName());

    errtype = getint(car(err_mesg));
    errargs = cadr(err_mesg);

    force_printdepth = 5;
    force_printwidth = 80;
    if (errargs == NIL)
	ndprintf(fp, message_texts[errtype]);
    else if (cdr(errargs) == NIL)
	ndprintf(fp, message_texts[errtype], car(errargs));
    else
	ndprintf(fp, message_texts[errtype], car(errargs), cadr(errargs));

    if (car(cddr(err_mesg)) != NIL && buffer == NULL) {
	ndprintf(fp, message_texts[ERROR_IN], car(cddr(err_mesg)),
						  cadr(cddr(err_mesg)));
    }
    err_mesg = NIL;
    if (buffer == NULL)
	new_line(fp);
    else {
	*print_stringptr = '\0';
	print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
	print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    }
    setvalnode__caseobj(Fullprintp, oldfullp);
    stopping_flag = save_flag;
}

NODE *err_logo(ERR_TYPES error_type, NODE *error_desc) {
    BOOLEAN recoverable = FALSE, warning = FALSE, uplevel = FALSE;
    NODE *err_act, *val = UNBOUND;

    switch(error_type) {
	case FATAL:
	    prepare_to_exit(FALSE);
	    ndprintf(stdout,"%t\n",message_texts[FATAL]);
	    exit(1);
	case OUT_OF_MEM_UNREC:
	    prepare_to_exit(FALSE);
	    ndprintf(stdout,"%t\n",message_texts[OUT_OF_MEM_UNREC]);
	    exit(1);
	case OUT_OF_MEM:
	    use_reserve_tank();
	    break;
	case DIDNT_OUTPUT:
	    if (didnt_output_name != NIL) {
		last_call = didnt_output_name;
	    }
	    if (error_desc == NIL) {
		error_desc = car(didnt_get_output);
		ufun = cadr(didnt_get_output);
		this_line = cadr(cdr(didnt_get_output));
	    }
	    err_mesg = cons_list(0, last_call, error_desc, END_OF_LIST);
	    recoverable = TRUE;
	    break;
	case NOT_ENOUGH:
	    if (error_desc == NIL)
		err_mesg = cons_list(0, fun, END_OF_LIST);
	    else
		err_mesg = cons_list(0, error_desc, END_OF_LIST);
	    break;
	case BAD_DATA:
	    recoverable = TRUE;
	case BAD_DATA_UNREC:
	    err_mesg = cons_list(0, fun, error_desc, END_OF_LIST);
	    break;
	case DK_WHAT_UP:
	    uplevel = TRUE;
	case DK_WHAT:
	    err_mesg = cons_list(0, error_desc, END_OF_LIST);
	    break;
	case DK_HOW:
	case APPLY_BAD_DATA:
	case NO_VALUE:
	    recoverable = TRUE;
	case DK_HOW_UNREC:
	case NO_CATCH_TAG:
	case ALREADY_DEFINED:
	case FILE_ERROR:
	case IS_PRIM:
	case AT_TOPLEVEL:
	case ERR_MACRO:
	case RUNNABLE_ARG:
	case TOO_MUCH:
	case DEEPEND:
	case BAD_DEFAULT:
	case CANT_OPEN_ERROR:
	case ALREADY_OPEN_ERROR:
	case NOT_OPEN_ERROR:
	    err_mesg = cons_list(0, error_desc, END_OF_LIST);
	    break;
	case SHADOW_WARN:
	    err_mesg = cons_list(0, error_desc, END_OF_LIST);
	case IF_WARNING:
	    warning = TRUE;
	    break;
	case MISSING_SPACE:
	    warning = TRUE;
	    err_mesg = error_desc;
	    break;
	case USER_ERR_MESSAGE:
	    uplevel = TRUE;
	    err_mesg = cons_list(0, error_desc, END_OF_LIST);
	    break;
	case NO_TEST:
	    err_mesg = cons_list(0, fun, END_OF_LIST);
	    break;
	default:
	    err_mesg = NIL;
    }
    didnt_output_name = NIL;
    if (uplevel && ufun != NIL) {
	ufun = last_ufun;
	this_line = last_line;
    }
    if (ufun != NIL)
	err_mesg = cons_list(0, err_mesg, ufun, this_line, END_OF_LIST);
    else
	err_mesg = cons_list(0, err_mesg, NIL, NIL, END_OF_LIST);
    err_mesg = cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)error_type), err_mesg);
    if (warning) {
	err_print(NULL);
	return(UNBOUND);
    }
    err_act = valnode__caseobj(Erract);
    if (err_act != NIL && err_act != UNDEFINED) {
	if (error_type != erract_errtype) {

	    erract_errtype = error_type;
	    setvalnode__caseobj(Erract, NIL);
	    val = err_eval_driver(err_act, recoverable);
	    setvalnode__caseobj(Erract, err_act);
	    if (recoverable == TRUE && val != UNBOUND) {
		return(val);
	    } else if (recoverable == FALSE && val != UNBOUND) {
		ndprintf(stdout, message_texts[DK_WHAT], val);
		ndprintf(stdout, "\n");
		val = UNBOUND;
		throw_node = theName(Name_toplevel);
	    } else {
		/* if (err_mesg != NIL) */  {	/* is this ever wrong? */
		    throw_node = theName(Name_error);
		    stopping_flag = THROWING;
		    output_node = UNBOUND;
		}
		return(UNBOUND);
	    }
	} else {
	    ndprintf(stdout,"%t\n", message_texts[ERRACT_LOOP]);
	    throw_node = theName(Name_toplevel);
	}
    } else {	/* no erract */
	throw_node = theName(Name_error);
    }
    stopping_flag = THROWING;
    output_node = UNBOUND;
    return(val);
}

NODE *lerror(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val, *save_err = err_mesg;
    char buffer[200];

    if (err_mesg == NIL) return NIL;
    err_print(buffer);
    err_mesg = save_err;
    setcar(cdr(err_mesg), make_strnode(buffer, (struct string_block *)NULL,
				       strlen(buffer), STRING, strnzcpy));
    val = err_mesg;
    err_mesg = NIL;
    return(val);
}

/*
#ifndef HAVE_MEMCPY
void memcpy(char *to, char *from, size_t len) {
    while (--len >= 0)
	*to++ = *from++;
}
#endif
*/

NODE *lpause(NODE *args) {
    NODE *elist = NIL, *val = UNBOUND, *uname = NIL;
    int sav_input_blocking;
#ifndef TIOCSTI
    jmp_buf sav_iblk;
#endif

    if (err_mesg != NIL) err_print(NULL);
    ndprintf(stdout, "%t\n", message_texts[PAUS_ING]);
    if (inside_evaluator) {
	uname = ufun;
	ufun = NIL;
#ifndef TIOCSTI
	memcpy((char *)(&sav_iblk), (char *)(&iblk_buf), sizeof(jmp_buf));
#endif
	sav_input_blocking = input_blocking;
	input_blocking = 0;
#ifdef mac
	csetmode(C_ECHO, stdin);
	fflush(stdin);
#endif
	while (RUNNING) {
	    if (uname != NIL) print_node(stdout, uname);
	    elist = reader(stdin, "? ");
	    if (NOT_THROWING) elist = parser(elist, TRUE);
	    else elist = NIL;
#ifndef WIN32
	    if (feof(stdin) && !isatty(0)) lbye(NIL);
#endif
#ifdef __RZTC__
	    if (feof(stdin)) rewind(stdin);
#endif
	    if (elist != NIL) eval_driver(elist);
	    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) {
		if (compare_node(throw_node, Pause, TRUE) == 0) {
		    val = output_node;
		    output_node = UNBOUND;
		    stopping_flag = RUN;
#ifndef TIOCSTI
		    memcpy((char *)(&iblk_buf), (char *)(&sav_iblk),
			   sizeof(jmp_buf));
#endif
		    input_blocking = sav_input_blocking;
			if (uname != NIL) {
				ufun = uname;
			}
		    return(val);
		} else if (isName(throw_node, Name_error)) {
		    err_print(NULL);
		    stopping_flag = RUN;
		}
	    }
	}
#ifndef TIOCSTI
	memcpy((char *)(&iblk_buf), (char *)(&sav_iblk), sizeof(jmp_buf));
#endif
	input_blocking = sav_input_blocking;
	unblock_input();
	if (uname != NIL) {
		ufun = uname;
	}
/*  } else {
	stopping_flag = THROWING;
	throw_node = theName(Name_toplevel);
 */
    } else {
	ndprintf(stdout, "? ");
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	flushFile(stdout);
#else
	fflush(stdout);
#endif
}
    return(val);
}

NODE *lcontinue(NODE *args) {
    stopping_flag = THROWING;
    throw_node = Pause;
    if (args != NIL)
	output_node = car(args);
    else
	output_node = UNBOUND;
    return(UNBOUND);
}
ucblogo-6.1/wxterm.c0000664000175000017500000001417113575571772012633 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *	wxterm.c	terminal cursor control			dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif

#ifdef mac
#include 
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#include 
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#undef TRUE
#undef FALSE

#ifdef HAVE_TERMCAP_H
#include 
#else
#ifdef HAVE_TERMLIB_H
#include 
#else
#ifdef HAVE_CURSES_H
#include 
#endif
#endif
#endif

#undef TRUE
#undef FALSE

#define FALSE	0
#define TRUE	1

char PC;
char *BC;
char *UP;
/* short ospeed; */
char bp[1024];
char cl_arr[40];
char cm_arr[40];
char so_arr[40];
char se_arr[40];

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
struct termios tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
struct sgttyb tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;
#endif
#endif

int interactive, tty_charmode;
int getTermInfo(int type);
int setTermInfo(int type, int val);

extern char **environ, *tgoto(), *tgetstr();

char *termcap_ptr;

char* LogoPlatformName="wxWidgets";
char wx_font_face[300] = "Courier";   //300 matches lsetfont in wxterm.c
int wx_font_size = 12;	
int label_height = 15;

int termcap_putter(char ch) {
    *termcap_ptr++ = ch;
    return 0;
}

#ifdef unix
void termcap_getter(char *cap, char *buf) {
	
}
#endif

void term_init(void) {
  

    interactive = 1;
 
  
}



void setCharMode(int);

void charmode_on() {
    setCharMode(1);
}

void charmode_off() {
  setCharMode(0);;
}

char* wx_fgets(char* s, int n, FILE* stream) {
	char c;
	char * orig = s;
	if (stream != stdin) {
	  return fgets(s, n, stream);
	}
  
	 charmode_on();

 
	 n --;
	 c = ' ';
  while (c != '\n' && n != 0) {
    c = getFromWX_2(stream);
    s[0] = c;
    s++;
    n--;
  }
  return orig;
}


extern void wxClearText();

NODE *lcleartext(NODE *args) {
	int x_coord, y_coord;
	x_coord=getTermInfo(X_COORD);
	y_coord=getTermInfo(Y_COORD);
	
    wxClearText();
    x_coord = x_margin;
    y_coord = y_margin;
	setTermInfo(X_COORD,x_coord);
	setTermInfo(Y_COORD,y_coord);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lcursor(NODE *args) {
	int x_coord, y_coord;
	x_coord=getTermInfo(X_COORD);
	y_coord=getTermInfo(Y_COORD);

	
  return(cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(x_coord-x_margin)),
	      cons(make_intnode((FIXNUM)(y_coord-y_margin)), NIL)));
}

extern void wxSetCursor(int, int);
extern void wx_refresh();

NODE *lsetcursor(NODE *args) {

	int x_coord, y_coord, x_max, y_max;
	NODE *arg;
	fix_turtle_shownness();
        wx_refresh();

	x_coord=getTermInfo(X_COORD);
	y_coord=getTermInfo(Y_COORD);
	x_max=getTermInfo(X_MAX);
	y_max=getTermInfo(Y_MAX);
	
  

    arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	x_coord = x_margin + getint(car(arg));
	y_coord = y_margin + getint(cadr(arg));
	while ((x_coord >= x_max || y_coord >= y_max) && NOT_THROWING) {
	    setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
		x_coord = x_margin + getint(cadr(arg));
		y_coord = y_margin + getint(car(arg));
	    }
	}
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
      wxSetCursor(x_coord,y_coord);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);

}

NODE *lsetmargins(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = pos_int_vector_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	x_margin = getint(cadr(arg));
	y_margin = getint(car(arg));
	lcleartext(NIL);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lstandout(NODE *args) {
    char textbuf[300];
    char fmtbuf[100];
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    sprintf(fmtbuf,"%c%%p%c",17,17);
    print_stringptr = textbuf;
    print_stringlen = 300;
    ndprintf((FILE *)NULL,fmtbuf,car(args));
    *print_stringptr = '\0';
    print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
    print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    return make_strnode(textbuf,NULL,(int)strlen(textbuf),STRING,strnzcpy);
}

extern void wxSetFont(char *fm, int sz);



NODE *lfont(NODE *arg) {
  NODE *val;

  return make_static_strnode(wx_font_face);

}

NODE *lsetfont(NODE *arg) {
  char textbuf[300];                                                      
  print_stringptr = textbuf;
  print_stringlen = 300;
  ndprintf((FILE *)NULL, "%p", car(arg));
  *print_stringptr = '\0';

  if (NOT_THROWING) {
    wxSetFont(textbuf, wx_font_size);
  }

  return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lsettextsize(NODE *arg) {
  NODE *val = integer_arg(arg);
  if (NOT_THROWING) {
    wxSetFont(wx_font_face, getint(val));
  }

  return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *ltextsize(NODE *arg) {
  return make_intnode(wx_font_size);
}

extern void wx_adjust_label_height();

NODE *lsetlabelheight(NODE *arg) {
  NODE *val = integer_arg(arg);
  label_height = getint(val);
  wx_adjust_label_height();

  return(UNBOUND);
}


extern void wx_get_label_size(int *w, int *h);

NODE *llabelsize(NODE *arg) {
  int w,h;
  wx_get_label_size(&w, &h);
  return cons(make_intnode(w/x_scale),
	      cons(make_intnode(h/y_scale), NIL));
}

extern void wxSetTextColor(FIXNUM, FIXNUM);

NODE *set_text_color(NODE *args) {
    NODE *fgcolor, *bgcolor;

    if (is_list(car(args))) {
	fgcolor = make_intnode(TEXT_FG_COLOR_OFFSET);
	lsetpalette(cons(fgcolor,args));
    } else {
	fgcolor = pos_int_arg(args);
    }

    if (is_list(cadr(args))) {
	bgcolor = make_intnode(TEXT_BG_COLOR_OFFSET);
	lsetpalette(cons(bgcolor,cdr(args)));
    } else {
	bgcolor = pos_int_arg(cdr(args));
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	wxSetTextColor(getint(fgcolor)+SPECIAL_COLORS,
		       getint(bgcolor)+SPECIAL_COLORS);
    }

    return UNBOUND;
}

void color_init() {
    wxSetTextColor(7+SPECIAL_COLORS, 0+SPECIAL_COLORS);
}
ucblogo-6.1/wrksp.c0000664000175000017500000013571413575571772012462 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      wrksp.c         logo workspace management module                dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#ifdef HAVE_WX
#define fgets wx_fgets
#endif

#include 
#ifdef WIN32
#include 
#endif

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef  HAVE_WX
int wxEditFile(char *);
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif

#ifdef ibm
#include "process.h"
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include 
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#ifdef OBJECTS
extern NODE* get_var(NODE*, NODE*);
extern NODE* get_proc(NODE*, NODE*);
extern NODE* set_proc(NODE*, NODE*, NODE*);
#endif

char *editor, *editorname, *tempdir;
int to_pending = 0;

NODE *make_procnode(NODE *lst, NODE *wrds, int min, int df, int max) {
    return(cons_list(0, lst, wrds, make_intnode((FIXNUM)min),
		     make_intnode((FIXNUM)df), make_intnode((FIXNUM)max),
		     END_OF_LIST));
}

NODE *get_bodywords(NODE *pproc, NODE *name) {
    NODE *val = bodywords__procnode(pproc);
    NODE *head = NIL, *tail = NIL;

    if (val != NIL) return(val);
    name = intern(name);
    head = cons_list(0, (is_macro(name) ? theName(Name_macro) : theName(Name_to)),
			name, END_OF_LIST);
    tail = cdr(head);
    val = formals__procnode(pproc);
    while (val != NIL) {
	if (is_list(car(val)))
	    setcdr(tail, cons(cons(make_colon(caar(val)), cdar(val)), NIL));
	else if (nodetype(car(val)) == INT)
	    setcdr(tail, cons(car(val),NIL));
	else
	    setcdr(tail, cons(make_colon(car(val)),NIL));
	tail = cdr(tail);
	val = cdr(val);
    }
    head = cons(head, NIL);
    tail = head;
    val = bodylist__procnode(pproc);
    while (val != NIL) {
	setcdr(tail, cons(runparse(car(val)), NIL));
	tail = cdr(tail);
	val = cdr(val);
    }
    setcdr(tail, cons(cons(theName(Name_end), NIL), NIL));
/*  setbodywords__procnode(pproc,head);    */   /* confuses copydef */
    return(head);
}

NODE *name_arg(NODE *args) {
    while (aggregate(car(args)) && NOT_THROWING)
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));
    return car(args);
}

NODE *proc_name_arg(NODE *args) {
    while ((aggregate(car(args)) || numberp(car(args))) && NOT_THROWING)
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));
    return car(args);
}

NODE *ltext(NODE *args) {
    NODE *name, *val = UNBOUND;

    name = proc_name_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	name=intern(name);
	check_library(name);
	val = procnode__caseobj(name);
	if (val == UNDEFINED) {
	    err_logo(DK_HOW_UNREC,name);
	    return UNBOUND;
	} else if (is_prim(val)) {
	    err_logo(IS_PRIM,name);
	    return UNBOUND;
	} else 
	    return text__procnode(val);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lfulltext(NODE *args) {
    NODE *name, *val = UNBOUND;

    name = proc_name_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	name=intern(name);
	check_library(name);
	val = procnode__caseobj(name);
	if (val == UNDEFINED) {
	    err_logo(DK_HOW_UNREC,name);
	    return UNBOUND;
	} else if (is_prim(val)) {
	    err_logo(IS_PRIM,name);
	    return UNBOUND;
	} else 
	    return get_bodywords(val,name);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

BOOLEAN all_lists(NODE *val) {
    if (val == NIL) return TRUE;
    if (!is_list(car(val))) return FALSE;
    return all_lists(cdr(val));
}


#ifdef OBJECTS

BOOLEAN proc_exists(NODE *name) {
  return get_proc(name, current_object) != UNDEFINED;

  //  if (current_object == logo_object)
  //	return procnode__caseobj(name) != UNDEFINED;
  //  else
  //	return assoc(name, getprocs(current_object)) != NIL;
}

BOOLEAN prim_exists(NODE *name) {
  NODE *proc_node = get_proc(name, current_object);
  return (proc_node == UNDEFINED ? FALSE : is_prim(proc_node));

  //  if (current_object == logo_object)
  //	return is_prim(procnode__caseobj(name));
  // else
  //    binding = assoc(name, getprocs(current_object));
  //    return (binding==NIL ? FALSE : is_prim(getobject(binding)));
}

int find_old_default(NODE *name) {
    NODE *p;

    if (flag__caseobj(name, MIXED_ARITY)) return -2;
    p = procValue(name);
    if (p == UNDEFINED) return -1;
    return (is_prim(p) ? getprimdflt(p) : getint(dfltargs__procnode(p)));
}

#endif /* OBJECTS */

NODE *define_helper(NODE *args, BOOLEAN macro_flag) {
    /* macro_flag is -1 for anonymous function */
    NODE *name = NIL, *val = NIL, *arg = NIL;
    int minimum = 0, deflt = 0, maximum = 0, old_default = -1;
    int redef = (varTrue(Redefp));

    if (macro_flag >= 0) {
	name = proc_name_arg(args);
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    name = intern(name);
	    val = procnode__caseobj(name);
	    if (!redef && is_prim(val)) {
		err_logo(IS_PRIM,name);
		return UNBOUND;
	    } else if (val != UNDEFINED) {
		old_default = (is_prim(val) ? getprimdflt(val) :
					      getint(dfltargs__procnode(val)));
	    }
	}
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    val = cadr(args);
	    while ((val == NIL || !is_list(val) || !all_lists(val)) &&
			    NOT_THROWING) {
		setcar(cdr(args), err_logo(BAD_DATA, val));
		val = cadr(args);
	    }
	    if (NOT_THROWING) val = deep_copy(val);
	    /* 5.4 fixes bug about defined procedures sharing tree form */
	}
    } else {	/* lambda */
	val = args;
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	args = car(val);
	if (args != NIL) {
	    make_runparse(args);
	    args = parsed__runparse(args);
	}
	setcar(val, args);
	while (args != NIL) {
	    arg = car(args);
	    if (arg != NIL && is_list(arg) && maximum != -1) {
		make_runparse(arg);
		arg = parsed__runparse(arg);
		setcar(args, arg);
		setcar(arg, intern(car(arg)));	/* fixes crash for # as arg */
		maximum++;
		if (arg == NIL || !is_word(car(arg))) {
		    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
		    break;
		}
		if (cdr(arg) == NIL)
		    maximum = -1;
	    } else if (nodetype(arg) == INT) {
		if ((unsigned)getint(arg) <= (unsigned) maximum &&
		     getint(arg) >= minimum) {
			deflt = getint(arg);
		} else {
		    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
		    break;
		}
	    } else if (is_word(arg) && maximum == minimum) {
		minimum++;
		maximum++;
		deflt++;
	    } else {
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
		break;
	    }
	    args = cdr(args);
	    if (check_throwing) break;
	}
    }
    if (macro_flag < 0) {
	return make_procnode(val, NIL, minimum, deflt, maximum);
    } else if (NOT_THROWING) {
	setprocnode__caseobj(name,
			     make_procnode(val, NIL, minimum, deflt, maximum));
	if (macro_flag)
	    setflag__caseobj(name, PROC_MACRO);
	else
	    clearflag__caseobj(name, PROC_MACRO);
	if (deflt != old_default && old_default >= 0) {
	    the_generation = cons(NIL, NIL);
	}
	need_save = 1;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *ldefine(NODE *args) {
    return define_helper(args, FALSE);
}

NODE *ldefmacro(NODE *args) {
    return define_helper(args, TRUE);
}

NODE *anonymous_function(NODE *text) {
    return define_helper(text, -1);
}

char *strncasestr(char *big, char *little, FIXNUM len) {
    char *p, *q, pc, qc;
    FIXNUM i;

    while (*big != '\0') {
	while ((pc = *big++) != '\0' && tolower(pc) != tolower(*little)) ;
	if (pc == '\0') return NULL;
	p = big; q = little+1; i = len;
	while (--i > 0 && (qc = *q++) != '\0') {
	    if ((pc = *p++) == '\0') return NULL;
	    if (pc == '~') {
		while ((pc = *p++) != '\0' && pc != '\n') ;
		if (pc == '\0') return NULL;
		pc = *p++;
	    }
	    if (tolower(pc) != tolower(qc)) break;
	}
	if (i == 0) return big-1;
    }
    return NULL;    /* not reached, I think */
}

NODE *find_to(NODE *line) {
    char *lp = getstrptr(line);
    NODE *funn = cnv_node_to_strnode(fun);
    char *fp = getstrptr(funn);
    FIXNUM len = getstrlen(funn);
    char *p, c;

    p = lp;
    while (p != NULL) {
	p = strncasestr(p, fp, len);
	if (p == NULL) return(line);    /* punt */
	if ((c = *(p+len)) == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n') {
	    if (p == lp ||
		    ((c = *(p-1)) == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n'))
		return make_strnode(p, getstrhead(line),
				    getstrlen(line)-(p-lp),
				    nodetype(line), strcpy);
	    if (c == '[')
		return make_strnode(p, getstrhead(line),
				    strchr(p, ']')-p,
				    nodetype(line), strcpy);
	}
	p++;
    }
    return line;
}

NODE *to_helper(NODE *args, BOOLEAN macro_flag) {
    NODE *arg = NIL, *tnode = NIL, *proc_name, *forms = NIL, *lastnode = NIL,
	 *body_words, *lastnode2, *body_list;
    int minimum = 0, deflt = 0, maximum = 0, old_default = -1;

    if (ufun != NIL && loadstream == stdin) {
	err_logo(NOT_INSIDE,NIL);
	return(UNBOUND);
    }

    if (args == NIL) {
	err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH,NIL);
	return(UNBOUND);
    }

    deepend_proc_name = proc_name = car(args);
    args = cdr(args);

    if (nodetype(proc_name) != CASEOBJ)
	err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, proc_name);
#ifdef OBJECTS
    else if ((proc_exists(proc_name) && loadstream == stdin)
	     || prim_exists(proc_name))
#else /* OBJECTS */
    else if ((procnode__caseobj(proc_name) != UNDEFINED && loadstream == stdin)
	     || is_prim(procnode__caseobj(proc_name)))
#endif /* OBJECTS */
	err_logo(ALREADY_DEFINED, proc_name);
    else {
#ifdef OBJECTS
	old_default = find_old_default(proc_name);
#else /* OBJECTS */
	NODE *old_proc = procnode__caseobj(proc_name);
	if (old_proc != UNDEFINED) {
	    old_default = (is_prim(old_proc) ? getprimdflt(old_proc) :
					      getint(dfltargs__procnode(old_proc)));
	}
#endif /* OBJECTS */
	while (args != NIL) {
	    arg = car(args);
	    args = cdr(args);
	    if (nodetype(arg) == CONS && maximum != -1) {
		make_runparse(arg);
		arg = parsed__runparse(arg);
		maximum++;
		if (arg == NIL || !is_word(car(arg))) {
		    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
		    break;
		}
		if (nodetype(car(arg)) == COLON)
		    setcar(arg, node__colon(car(arg)));
		if (nodetype(car(arg)) == QUOTE)
		    setcar(arg, node__quote(car(arg)));
		if (cdr(arg) == NIL)
		    maximum = -1;
	    } else if (nodetype(arg) == INT) {
		if ((unsigned)getint(arg) <= (unsigned) maximum &&
		     getint(arg) >= minimum) {
			deflt = getint(arg);
		} else {
		    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
		    break;
		}
	    } else if (is_word(arg) && maximum == minimum) {
		if (nodetype(arg) == COLON)
		    arg = node__colon(arg);
		if (nodetype(arg) == QUOTE)
		    arg = node__quote(arg);
		minimum++;
		maximum++;
		deflt++;
	    } else {
		err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, arg);
		break;
	    }
	    tnode = cons(arg, NIL);
	    if (forms == NIL) forms = tnode;
	    else setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
	    lastnode = tnode;
	}
    }

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		body_words = cons(find_to(current_line), NIL);
		lastnode2 = body_words;
		body_list = cons(forms, NIL);
		lastnode = body_list;
		to_pending++;    /* for int or quit signal */

		while (NOT_THROWING && to_pending && (!feof(loadstream))) {
			tnode = cons(reader(loadstream, "> "), NIL);

			if ((feof(loadstream))) {
				tnode = cons(theName(Name_end), NIL);
			}

			setcdr(lastnode2, tnode);
			lastnode2 = tnode;
			tnode = cons(parser(car(tnode), TRUE), NIL);

			if (car(tnode) != NIL && isName(caar(tnode), Name_end)){
				break;
			} else if (car(tnode) != NIL) {
				setcdr(lastnode, tnode);
				lastnode = tnode;
			}
		}
		if (to_pending && NOT_THROWING) {
#ifdef OBJECT
		  // proc is a hash-table entry
		  NODE* proc_obj;
		  proc_obj = set_proc(proc_name, 
				      make_procnode(body_list, 
						    body_words, 
						    minimum,
						    deflt, maximum),
				      current_object);
		  
		  if (macro_flag)
		    setflag__object(proc_obj, PROC_MACRO);
		  else
		    clearflag__object(proc_obj, PROC_MACRO);
		  
		  if (deflt != old_default && old_default >= 0) {
		    the_generation = cons(NIL, NIL);
		  }
		  if (loadstream == stdin || varTrue(LoadNoisily)) {
		    ndprintf(stdout, message_texts[LOAD_DEF], proc_name);
		  }
		  if (loadstream != stdin && varTrue(UnburyOnEdit)) {
		    clearflag__object(proc_obj, PROC_BURIED);
		  }

		  /*if (current_object != logo_object) {
		    setprocs(current_object,
			     cons(proc_name, getprocs(current_object)));
		    setobject(getprocs(current_object), 
			      make_procnode(body_list, 
					    body_words, 
					    minimum,
					    deflt, maximum));
		  }else{
		    setprocnode__caseobj(proc_name,
					 make_procnode(body_list, body_words, minimum,
						       deflt, maximum));
						       }*/
#else
		  setprocnode__caseobj(proc_name,
				       make_procnode(body_list, body_words, minimum,
						     deflt, maximum));
		  if (macro_flag)
		    setflag__caseobj(proc_name, PROC_MACRO);
		  else
		    clearflag__caseobj(proc_name, PROC_MACRO);

		  if (deflt != old_default && old_default >= 0) {
		    the_generation = cons(NIL, NIL);
		  }
		  if (loadstream == stdin || varTrue(LoadNoisily)) {
		    ndprintf(stdout, message_texts[LOAD_DEF], proc_name);
		  }
		  if (loadstream != stdin && varTrue(UnburyOnEdit)) {
		    clearflag__caseobj(proc_name, PROC_BURIED);
		  }
#endif
		  
		}

		to_pending = 0;
		need_save = 1;
    }
    
    deepend_proc_name = NIL;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lto(NODE *args) {
    return to_helper(args, FALSE);
}

NODE *lmacro(NODE *args) {
    return to_helper(args, TRUE);
}

#ifdef OBJECTS
/* If binding found in object hierarchy and as local, flag error, same
   as varValue.  If binding found only in object hierarchy, set it.
   Otherwise (including if no binding found at all) set valnode in
   symbol table. Need to distinguish var local to --this-- procedure from var 
   inherited from caller.  Former is allowed to conflict with object variable. 
 */

NODE *lmake(NODE *args) {
  NODE *what, *object, *bindings, *binding;

  what = name_arg(args);
 
  if (NOT_THROWING) {
    what = intern(what);

    if (varInObjectHierarchy(what, FALSE) != (NODE *)(-1)) {
      if (flag__caseobj(what, IS_LOCAL_VALUE)) {
	err_logo(LOCAL_AND_OBJ, what);
	return UNBOUND;
      } else {
	need_save = 1;
	object = varInThisObject(what, FALSE);

	// assertion, object should never = NIL at this point
 
	binding = get_var(what, object);
	
	/* for (bindings = getvars(object); bindings != NIL;
	   bindings = cdr(bindings)) {
	   if (car(bindings) == what) {
	   setobject(bindings, cadr(args));
	   break;
	   }
	   }*/
      }
    } else {
      binding = object__caseobj(what);
      //setvalnode__caseobj(what, cadr(args));
      if (!flag__caseobj(what, IS_LOCAL_VALUE)) {
	setflag__caseobj(what, HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE);
	need_save = 1;
      }
    }

    // at this piont we should have a hash table entry
    // in the binding variable
    setvalnode__object(binding, cadr(args));
	
    
    if (flag__object(binding, VAL_TRACED)) {
      NODE *tvar = maybe_quote(cadr(args));
      ndprintf(writestream, message_texts[TRACE_MAKE],
	       make_quote(what), tvar);
      if (ufun != NIL) {
	ndprintf(writestream,message_texts[ERROR_IN],ufun,this_line);
      }
      new_line(writestream);
    }
  }
  return(UNBOUND);
}

#else /* OBJECTS */

NODE *lmake(NODE *args) {
    NODE *what;

    what = name_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	what = intern(what);
	setvalnode__caseobj(what, cadr(args));
	if (!flag__caseobj(what, IS_LOCAL_VALUE)) {
	    setflag__caseobj(what, HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE);
	    need_save = 1;
	}
	if (flag__caseobj(what, VAL_TRACED)) {
	    NODE *tvar = maybe_quote(cadr(args));
	    ndprintf(writestream, message_texts[TRACE_MAKE],
				  make_quote(what), tvar);
	    if (ufun != NIL) {
		ndprintf(writestream,message_texts[ERROR_IN],ufun,this_line);
	    }
	    new_line(writestream);
	}
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

#endif /* OBJECTS */

NODE *llocal(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = NIL;

    if (tailcall != 0) return UNBOUND;
    if (args==NIL) return UNBOUND;
    while (is_list(car(args)) && cdr(args) != NIL && NOT_THROWING)
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));
    if (is_list(car(args)))
	args = car(args);
    while (args != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = car(args);
	while (!is_word(arg) && NOT_THROWING) {
	    arg = err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg);
	    setcar(args, arg); /* prevent crash in lapply */
	}
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    arg = intern(arg);
	    setcar(args, arg); /* local [a b] faster next time */
	    if (not_local(arg,var_stack)) {
		push(arg, var_stack);
		if (flag__caseobj(arg, IS_LOCAL_VALUE))
		    settype(var_stack, LOCALSAVE);
		setobject(var_stack, valnode__caseobj(arg));
		setflag__caseobj(arg, IS_LOCAL_VALUE);
	    }
	    setvalnode__caseobj(arg, UNBOUND);
	    tell_shadow(arg);
	    args = cdr(args);
	}
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lglobal(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = NIL;

    if (args==NIL) return UNBOUND;
    while (is_list(car(args)) && cdr(args) != NIL && NOT_THROWING)
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, car(args)));
    if (is_list(car(args)))
	args = car(args);
    while (args != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = car(args);
	while (!is_word(arg) && NOT_THROWING) {
	    arg = err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg);
	    setcar(args, arg); /* prevent crash in lapply */
	}
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    arg = intern(arg);
	    setcar(args, arg); /* local [a b] faster next time */
	    setflag__caseobj(arg, HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE);
	    args = cdr(args);
	}
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *cnt_list = NIL;
NODE *cnt_last = NIL;
int want_buried = 0;

typedef enum {c_PROCS, c_VARS, c_PLISTS, c_PRIMS, c_PROCSnPRIMS} CNTLSTTYP;
CNTLSTTYP contents_list_type;

#ifdef OBJECTS //OBJECTS4

/* For ancestry lists */
typedef enum {NORMAL, ANCESTRY} LSTFORM;
/* For type of list wanted */
typedef enum {ACCESSIBLE, OWNED, INHERITED} LSTTYP;

void contents_map(NODE *sym);
NODE *mergesrt(NODE *nd);
void putname(NODE *name, NODE *obj, LSTFORM format);
void special_contents_map(NODE *sym, LSTFORM format);

/* Depending on the current contents_list_type, this returns the variables
   or procedures of the current object. Signals error if plists  */
NODE *contentsListType(NODE *obj) {
    switch (contents_list_type) {
    case c_VARS:
        return getvars(obj);
    case c_PROCS:
        return getprocs(obj);
    case c_PLISTS:
        err_logo(BAD_DATA, make_static_strnode("objects don't have plists!"));
    return;
    }
}

void normal_special_contents_map(NODE *sym) {
    special_contents_map(sym, NORMAL);
}

void ancestry_special_contents_map(NODE *sym) {
    special_contents_map(sym, ANCESTRY);
}

void fmt_map_oblist(LSTFORM format) {
    if (format == NORMAL)
    map_oblist(normal_special_contents_map);
    else
    map_oblist(ancestry_special_contents_map);
}

/** new things **/
/* get_contents with special format and normal format */
NODE *get_special_contents(LSTFORM format, LSTTYP type) {
    cnt_list = NIL;
    cnt_last = NIL;

    if (current_object == logo_object)
        fmt_map_oblist(format);
    else {
        /* for accessible, owned, or inherited, the current object's
           vars/procs have to be in cnt_list */
        NODE *mylist = contentsListType(current_object); /* contains vars or procs of current object */
        while (mylist != NIL) {
            putname(caar(mylist), current_object, format);
            mylist = cdr(mylist);
        }
        /* do not need to add parents' vars/procs for owned, but do for
           accessible and inherited */
        if (type == ACCESSIBLE || type == INHERITED) {
        /* add your parents */
        NODE *parlst = parent_list(current_object);
        while (parlst != NIL) {
            if (car(parlst) == logo_object) {
                fmt_map_oblist(format);
            } else {
                mylist = contentsListType(car(parlst));
                while (mylist != NIL) {
                    putname(caar(mylist), car(parlst), format);
                    /* put name of var or proc, associated with parent object */
                    mylist = cdr(mylist);
                }
            }
            parlst = cdr(parlst);
        }
        /* if accessible, then remove the shadowed vars/procs */
        if (type == ACCESSIBLE) {
			// TODO: Find removeShadowed
            //cnt_list = removeShadowed(cnt_list);
        }
        }
    }
    return(cnt_list);
}

/* used for getting the normal plist contents */
NODE *get_plistcontents() {
    cnt_list = NIL;
    cnt_last = NIL;
    map_oblist(contents_map);
    cnt_list = mergesrt(cnt_list);
    return(cnt_list);
}

/* puts name or name with object into cnt_list */
void putname(NODE *name, NODE *obj, LSTFORM format) {
    NODE *newNode;

    if (format == NORMAL)
		newNode = name;
    else
		newNode = cons(name, cons(obj, NIL));

    if (cnt_list == NIL) {
        cnt_list = cons(newNode, NIL);
        cnt_last = cnt_list;
    } else {
        setcdr(cnt_last, newNode);
        cnt_last = cdr(cnt_last);
    }
}

/* contents_map for special format */
void special_contents_map(NODE *sym, LSTFORM format) {
    int flag_check = PROC_BURIED;

    if (want_buried) flag_check = want_buried;
    switch(contents_list_type) {
		case c_PROCS:
			check_library(sym);
			if (procnode__object(sym) == UNDEFINED ||
					is_prim(procnode__object(sym)))
				return;
		    if (bck(flag__object(sym,flag_check))) 
				return;
			break;
		case c_VARS:
			flag_check <<= 1;
			if (valnode__object(sym) == UNBOUND) return;
			if (bck(flag__object(sym,flag_check))) return;
			break;
		case c_PLISTS:
			err_logo(BAD_DATA, UNBOUND); //contents_list_type
    }
    putname(canonical__object(sym), logo_object, format);
}

/* checks if the car of the item is equal to the car of something in
   alist */
BOOLEAN carequal(NODE *item, NODE *alist) {
    while (alist != NIL) {
        if (car(item) == caar(alist))
            return TRUE;
        alist = cdr(alist);
    }
    return FALSE;
}
#endif

int bck(int flag) {
    return (want_buried ? !flag : flag);
}

void contents_map(NODE *sym) {
    int flag_check = PROC_BURIED;

    if (want_buried) flag_check = want_buried;
    switch(contents_list_type) {
	case c_PROCS:
	    check_library(sym);
	    if (procnode__object(sym) == UNDEFINED ||
			is_prim(procnode__object(sym)))
		return;
	    if (bck(flag__object(sym,flag_check))) return;
	    break;
	case c_PRIMS:
	    if (procnode__object(sym) == UNDEFINED ||
			!is_prim(procnode__object(sym)))
		return;
	    break;
	case c_PROCSnPRIMS:
	    check_library(sym);
	    if (procnode__object(sym) == UNDEFINED)
		return;
	    if (bck(flag__object(sym,flag_check))) return;
	    break;
	case c_VARS:
	    flag_check <<= 1;
	    if (valnode__object(sym) == UNBOUND) return;
	    if (bck(flag__object(sym,flag_check))) return;
	    break;
	case c_PLISTS:
	    flag_check <<= 2;
	    if (plist__object(sym) == NIL) return;
	    if (bck(flag__object(sym,flag_check))) return;
	    break;
    }
    if (cnt_list == NIL) {
	cnt_list = cons(canonical__object(sym), NIL);
	cnt_last = cnt_list;
    } else {
	setcdr(cnt_last, cons(canonical__object(sym), NIL));
	cnt_last = cdr(cnt_last);
    }
}

void ms_listlist(NODE *nd) {
    while (nd != NIL) {
	setcar(nd, cons(car(nd), NIL));
	nd = cdr(nd);
    }
}

NODE *merge(NODE *a, NODE *b) {
    NODE *ret, *tail;

    if (a == NIL) return(b);
    if (b == NIL) return(a);
    if (compare_node(car(a),car(b),FALSE) < 0) {
	ret = a;
	tail = a;
	a = cdr(a);
    } else {
	ret = b;
	tail = b;
	b = cdr(b);
    }

    while (a != NIL && b != NIL) {
	if (compare_node(car(a),car(b),FALSE) < 0) {
	    setcdr(tail, a);
	    a = cdr(a);
	} else {
	    setcdr(tail, b);
	    b = cdr(b);
	}
	tail = cdr(tail);
    }

    if (b == NIL) setcdr(tail, a);
    else setcdr(tail, b);

    return ret;
}

void mergepairs(NODE *nd) {
    while (nd != NIL && cdr(nd) != NIL) {
	setcar(nd, merge(car(nd), cadr(nd)));
	setcdr(nd, cddr(nd));
	nd = cdr(nd);
    }
}

NODE *mergesrt(NODE *nd) {    /* spelled funny to avoid library conflict */
    if (nd == NIL) return(NIL);
    if (cdr(nd) == NIL) return(nd);
    ms_listlist(nd);
    while (cdr(nd) != NIL)
	mergepairs(nd);
    return car(nd);
}

NODE *get_contents() {
    cnt_list = NIL;
    cnt_last = NIL;
    map_oblist(contents_map);
    cnt_list = mergesrt(cnt_list);
    return(cnt_list);
}

#ifdef OBJECTS //OBJECTS4

/* calls to new special_contents */
NODE *lcontents(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_plistcontents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_special_contents(ACCESSIBLE, NORMAL), ret);

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    push(get_special_contents(ACCESSIBLE, NORMAL), ret);

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lburied(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = PROC_BURIED;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_plistcontents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_special_contents(INHERITED, ANCESTRY), ret);

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    push(get_special_contents(INHERITED, ANCESTRY), ret);

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *ltraced(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = PROC_TRACED;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_plistcontents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_special_contents(INHERITED, ANCESTRY), ret); /* not sure: INHERITED? */

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    push(get_special_contents(INHERITED, ANCESTRY), ret); /* not sure: INHERITED? */

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lstepped(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = PROC_STEPPED;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_plistcontents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_special_contents(INHERITED, ANCESTRY), ret); /* not sure: INHERITED? */

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    push(get_special_contents(INHERITED, ANCESTRY), ret); /* not sure: INHERITED? */

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lprocedures(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    ret = get_special_contents(ACCESSIBLE, NORMAL);
    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lnames(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    ret = cons(NIL, cons(get_special_contents(ACCESSIBLE, NORMAL), NIL));
    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lplists(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(NIL, cons(NIL, cons(get_plistcontents(), NIL)));
    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

#else /* OBJECTS */

NODE *lcontents(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_contents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lburied(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = PROC_BURIED;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_contents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *ltraced(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = PROC_TRACED;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_contents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    contents_list_type = c_PROCSnPRIMS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lstepped(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = PROC_STEPPED;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(get_contents(), NIL);

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    push(get_contents(), ret);

    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lprocedures(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_PROCS;
    ret = get_contents();
    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lnames(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_VARS;
    ret = cons(NIL, cons(get_contents(), NIL));
    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *lplists(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_PLISTS;
    ret = cons(NIL, cons(NIL, cons(get_contents(), NIL)));
    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

#endif /* OBJECTS */

NODE *lprimitives(NODE *args) {
    NODE *ret;

    want_buried = 0;

    contents_list_type = c_PRIMS;
    ret = get_contents();
    cnt_list = NIL;
    return(ret);
}

NODE *one_list(NODE *nd) {
    if (!is_list(nd))
	return(cons(nd,NIL));
    return nd;
}

void three_lists(NODE *arg, NODE **proclst, NODE **varlst, NODE **plistlst) {
    if (nodetype(car(arg)) == CONS)
	arg = car(arg);

    if (!is_list(car(arg)))
	*proclst = arg;
    else {
	*proclst = car(arg);
	if (cdr(arg) != NIL) {
	    *varlst = one_list(cadr(arg));
	    if (cddr(arg) != NIL) {
		*plistlst = one_list(car(cddr(arg)));
	    }
	}
    }
    if (!is_list(*proclst) || !is_list(*varlst) || !is_list(*plistlst)) {
	err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,arg);
	*plistlst = *varlst = *proclst = NIL;
    }
}

char *expand_slash(NODE *wd) {
	char *result, *cp, *cp2;
	int i, len = getstrlen(wd), j;

	for (cp = getstrptr(wd), i=0, j = len; --j >= 0; )
		if (getparity(*cp++)) i++;
	result = malloc(len+i+1);
	if (result == NULL) {
	    err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM, NIL);
	    return 0;
	}
	for (cp = getstrptr(wd), cp2 = result, j = len; --j >= 0; ) {
		if (getparity(*cp)) *cp2++ = '\\';
		*cp2++ = clearparity(*cp++);
	}
	*cp2 = '\0';
	return result;
}

NODE *po_helper(NODE *arg, int just_titles) {
    /* just_titles is -1 for EDIT, 0 for PO, 1 for HELP, 3 for POT */
    NODE *proclst = NIL, *varlst = NIL, *plistlst = NIL, *tvar = NIL;
    NODE *plist, *oldfullp;

	oldfullp = valnode__caseobj(Fullprintp);
    setvalnode__caseobj(Fullprintp, theName(Name_true));

    three_lists(arg, &proclst, &varlst, &plistlst);

    while (proclst != NIL) {
	if (aggregate(car(proclst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(proclst));
	    break;
	} else {
	    check_library(intern(car(proclst)));
	    tvar = procnode__caseobj(intern(car(proclst)));
	}

	if (tvar == UNDEFINED) {
	    if (just_titles < 0) {
		ndprintf(writestream,message_texts[EMPTY_PROC],car(proclst));
	    } else {
		err_logo(DK_HOW_UNREC, car(proclst));
		break;
	    }
	} else if (nodetype(tvar) & NT_PRIM) {
	    err_logo(IS_PRIM, car(proclst));
	    break;
	} else {
	    tvar = get_bodywords(tvar,car(proclst));
	    if (just_titles > 2) {
		if (is_list(car(tvar)))
			print_nobrak(writestream, car(tvar));
		else {
			char *str = expand_slash(car(tvar));
			ndprintf(writestream, "%t", str);
			free(str);
		}
	    } else while (tvar != NIL) {
			if (is_list(car(tvar))) {
				if (just_titles == 2) break;
				print_nobrak(writestream, car(tvar));
			} else {
				char *str = expand_slash(car(tvar));
				if (just_titles == 2 && *str != ';') break;
				ndprintf(writestream, "%t", str);
				free(str);
			}
			new_line(writestream);
			tvar = cdr(tvar);
			if (just_titles == 1) just_titles++;
	    }
	    new_line(writestream);
	}
	proclst = cdr(proclst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }

    while (varlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(varlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(varlst));
	    break;
	} else
	    tvar = maybe_quote(valnode__caseobj(intern(car(varlst))));

	if (tvar == UNBOUND) {
	    if (just_titles >= 0) {
		err_logo(NO_VALUE, car(varlst));
		break;
	    }
	} else {
	    ndprintf(writestream, message_texts[TRACE_MAKE],
		     make_quote(car(varlst)), tvar);
	    new_line(writestream);
	}
	varlst = cdr(varlst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }

    while (plistlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(plistlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(plistlst));
	    break;
	} else {
	    plist = plist__caseobj(intern(car(plistlst)));
	    if (plist != NIL && just_titles > 0) {
		ndprintf(writestream, message_texts[POT_PLIST],
			 maybe_quote(car(plistlst)), plist);
	    } else while (plist != NIL) {
		ndprintf(writestream, "%t %s %s %s\n",
			 message_texts[TRACE_PPROP],
			 maybe_quote(car(plistlst)),
			 maybe_quote(car(plist)),
			 maybe_quote(cadr(plist)));
		plist = cddr(plist);
	    }
	}
	plistlst = cdr(plistlst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }

    setvalnode__caseobj(Fullprintp, oldfullp);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lpo(NODE *arg) {
    return(po_helper(arg,0));
}

NODE *lpot(NODE *arg) {
    return(po_helper(arg,3));
}

NODE *lerase(NODE *arg) {
    NODE *proclst = NIL, *varlst = NIL, *plistlst = NIL;
    NODE *nd, *what;
    int redef = (varTrue(Redefp));

    three_lists(arg, &proclst, &varlst, &plistlst);

    if (proclst != NIL)
	the_generation = cons(NIL, NIL);

    while (proclst != NIL) {
	if (aggregate(car(proclst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(proclst));
	    break;
	}
	nd = intern(car(proclst));
	if (!redef && is_prim(procnode__caseobj(nd))) {
	    err_logo(IS_PRIM, nd);
	    break;
	}
	setprocnode__caseobj(nd, UNDEFINED);
	proclst = cdr(proclst);
    }

    while (varlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(varlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(varlst));
	    break;
	}
	what = intern(car(varlst));
	setvalnode__caseobj(what, UNBOUND);
	if (!flag__caseobj(what, IS_LOCAL_VALUE))
	    clearflag__caseobj(what, HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE);
	varlst = cdr(varlst);
    }

    while (plistlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(plistlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(plistlst));
	    break;
	}
	setplist__caseobj(intern(car(plistlst)), NIL);
	plistlst = cdr(plistlst);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *erall_helper(BOOLEAN procs, BOOLEAN vals, BOOLEAN plists) {
    NODE *nd, *obj;
    int loop;
    int redef = (varTrue(Redefp));

    for (loop = 0; loop < HASH_LEN ; loop++) {
	for (nd = hash_table[loop]; nd != NIL; nd = cdr(nd)) {
	    obj = car(nd);
	    if (procs && !flag__object(obj, PROC_BURIED) &&
			(procnode__object(obj) != UNDEFINED) &&
			(redef || !is_prim(procnode__object(obj))))
		setprocnode__object(obj, UNDEFINED);
	    if (vals && !flag__object(obj, VAL_BURIED))
		setvalnode__object(obj, UNBOUND);
	    if (plists && !flag__object(obj, PLIST_BURIED))
		setplist__object(obj, NIL);
	}
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lerall(NODE *args) {
    return erall_helper(TRUE, TRUE, TRUE);
}

NODE *lerps(NODE *args) {
    return erall_helper(TRUE, FALSE, FALSE);
}

NODE *lerns(NODE *args) {
    return erall_helper(FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
}

NODE *lerpls(NODE *args) {
    return erall_helper(FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
}

NODE *bury_helper(NODE *arg, BOOLEAN flag, BOOLEAN setp) {
    NODE *proclst = NIL, *varlst = NIL, *plistlst = NIL;

    three_lists(arg, &proclst, &varlst, &plistlst);

    while (proclst != NIL) {
	if (aggregate(car(proclst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(proclst));
	    break;
	}
	if (setp)
	    setflag__caseobj(intern(car(proclst)), flag);
	else
	    return torf(flag__caseobj(intern(car(proclst)), flag));
	proclst = cdr(proclst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }

    flag <<= 1;
    while (varlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(varlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(varlst));
	    break;
	}
	if (setp)
	    setflag__caseobj(intern(car(varlst)), flag);
	else
	    return torf(flag__caseobj(intern(car(varlst)), flag));
	varlst = cdr(varlst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }

    flag <<= 1;
    while (plistlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(plistlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(plistlst));
	    break;
	}
	if (setp)
	    setflag__caseobj(intern(car(plistlst)), flag);
	else
	    return torf(flag__caseobj(intern(car(plistlst)), flag));
	plistlst = cdr(plistlst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }
    if (!setp) err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, NIL);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lbury(NODE *arg) {
    return bury_helper(arg,PROC_BURIED,TRUE);
}

NODE *ltrace(NODE *arg) {
    return bury_helper(arg,PROC_TRACED,TRUE);
}

NODE *lstep(NODE *arg) {
    return bury_helper(arg,PROC_STEPPED,TRUE);
}

NODE *lburiedp(NODE *arg) {
    return bury_helper(arg,PROC_BURIED,FALSE);
}

NODE *ltracedp(NODE *arg) {
    return bury_helper(arg,PROC_TRACED,FALSE);
}

NODE *lsteppedp(NODE *arg) {
    return bury_helper(arg,PROC_STEPPED,FALSE);
}

NODE *unbury_helper(NODE *arg, int flag) {
    NODE *proclst = NIL, *varlst = NIL, *plistlst = NIL;

    three_lists(arg, &proclst, &varlst, &plistlst);

    while (proclst != NIL) {
	if (aggregate(car(proclst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(proclst));
	    break;
	}
	clearflag__caseobj(intern(car(proclst)), flag);
	proclst = cdr(proclst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }

    flag <<= 1;
    while (varlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(varlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(varlst));
	    break;
	}
	clearflag__caseobj(intern(car(varlst)), flag);
	varlst = cdr(varlst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }

    flag <<= 1;
    while (plistlst != NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (aggregate(car(plistlst))) {
	    err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(plistlst));
	    break;
	}
	clearflag__caseobj(intern(car(plistlst)), flag);
	plistlst = cdr(plistlst);
	if (check_throwing) break;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lunbury(NODE *arg) {
    return unbury_helper(arg,PROC_BURIED);
}

NODE *luntrace(NODE *arg) {
    return unbury_helper(arg,PROC_TRACED);
}

NODE *lunstep(NODE *arg) {
    return unbury_helper(arg,PROC_STEPPED);
}

char *addsep(char *path) {
    static char result[256];

    strcpy(result, path);
    if (result[0]) strcat(result, separator);
    return result;
}

char tmp_filename[500] = "";
int isEditFile = 0;
int setTermInfo(int type, int val);

NODE *leditfile(NODE *args) {

    NODE *arg = cnv_node_to_strnode(car(args));

	#ifdef HAVE_WX
	setTermInfo(EDIT_STATE, NO_INFO);
	isEditFile=1;
	#endif
	
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
    	noparity_strnzcpy(tmp_filename, getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg));
	return ledit(NIL);
    } else
    	return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *ledit(NODE *args) {
    FILE *holdstrm;
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	int doSave;
	int getTermInfo(int);
#endif
#ifdef unix
#ifndef HAVE_UNISTD_H
    extern int getpid();
#endif
#endif
#ifdef __RZTC__
    BOOLEAN was_graphics;
#endif
    NODE *tmp_line = NIL, *exec_list = NIL;

    if (tmp_filename[0] == '\0' || args != NIL) {
#ifndef unix
	sprintf(tmp_filename, "%stemp.txt", addsep(tempdir));
#else
	sprintf(tmp_filename, "%s/logo%d", tempdir, (int)getpid());
#endif
    }
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	if(!isEditFile){
		setTermInfo(EDIT_STATE,DO_LOAD);
	}
	isEditFile=0;
#endif

    if (args != NIL) {
	holdstrm = writestream;
	writestream = fopen(tmp_filename, "w");
	if (writestream != NULL) {
	    po_helper(args,-1);
	    fclose(writestream);
	    writestream = holdstrm;
	} else {
	    err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
	      make_static_strnode("Could not create editor file"));
	    writestream = holdstrm;
	    return(UNBOUND);
	}
    }
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) return(UNBOUND);
#ifdef mac
    if (!mac_edit()) return(UNBOUND);
#else	    /* !mac */
#ifdef  HAVE_WX
	doSave = wxEditFile(tmp_filename);
    if(!doSave || getTermInfo(EDIT_STATE) != DO_LOAD)
	return(UNBOUND);
#else
#ifdef ibm
#ifdef __RZTC__
    was_graphics = in_graphics_mode;
    if (in_graphics_mode) t_screen();
    zflush();
#endif	/* ztc */
    if (spawnlp(P_WAIT, editor, editorname, tmp_filename, NULL)) {
	err_logo(FILE_ERROR, make_static_strnode
		 ("Could not launch the editor"));
	return(UNBOUND);
    }
#ifdef __RZTC__
    if (was_graphics) s_screen();
    else lcleartext(NIL);
#endif	/* ztc */
#ifdef WIN32
    win32_repaint_screen();
#endif
#else	/* !ibm (so unix) */
    if (fork() == 0) {
	execlp(editor, editorname, tmp_filename, 0);
	exit(1);
    }
    wait(0);
#endif	/* ibm */
#endif /* wx */
#endif	/* mac */
    holdstrm = loadstream;
    tmp_line = current_line;
    loadstream = fopen(tmp_filename, "r");
    if (loadstream != NULL) {
	while (!feof(loadstream) && NOT_THROWING) {
	    current_line = reader(loadstream, "");
	    exec_list = parser(current_line, TRUE);
	    if (exec_list != NIL) eval_driver(exec_list);
	}
	fclose(loadstream);
    } else
	err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
	      make_static_strnode("Could not read editor file"));
    loadstream = holdstrm;
    current_line = tmp_line;
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lthing(NODE *args) {
    NODE *val = UNBOUND, *arg;

    arg = name_arg(args);
#ifdef OBJECTS
    if (NOT_THROWING) val = varValue(arg);
#else
    if (NOT_THROWING) val = valnode__caseobj(intern(arg));
#endif
    while (val == UNBOUND && NOT_THROWING)
	val = err_logo(NO_VALUE, car(args));
    return(val);
}

NODE *lnamep(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = name_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) 
#ifdef OBJECTS
	return torf(varValue(arg) != UNBOUND);
#else
	return torf(valnode__caseobj(intern(arg)) != UNBOUND);
#endif
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lprocedurep(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = name_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = intern(arg);
	check_library(arg);
	return torf(procnode__caseobj(arg) != UNDEFINED);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lplistp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg;

    arg = name_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) 
	return torf(plist__caseobj(intern(arg)) != NIL);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *check_proctype(NODE *args, int wanted) {
    NODE *arg, *cell = NIL;
    int isprim;

    arg = proc_name_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) check_library(intern(arg));
    if (NOT_THROWING &&
	    (cell = procnode__caseobj(intern(arg))) == UNDEFINED) {
	return(FalseName());
    }
    if (wanted == 2) return torf(is_macro(intern(arg)));
    isprim = is_prim(cell);
    if (NOT_THROWING) return torf((isprim != 0) == wanted);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lprimitivep(NODE *args) {
    return(check_proctype(args,1));
}

NODE *ldefinedp(NODE *args) {
    return(check_proctype(args,0));
}

NODE *lmacrop(NODE *args) {
    return(check_proctype(args,2));
}

NODE *larity(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = proc_name_arg(args);
    FIXNUM min;

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = intern(arg);
	check_library(arg);
	arg = procnode__caseobj(arg);
	if is_prim(arg) {
	    min = getprimmin(arg);
	    if (min == OK_NO_ARG) min = 0;
	    return cons_list(0, make_intnode(min),
			     make_intnode(getprimdflt(arg)),
			     make_intnode(getprimmax(arg)), END_OF_LIST);
	} else if (arg == UNDEFINED) {
	    err_logo(DK_HOW_UNREC, car(args));
	    return UNBOUND;
	} else {
	    return cons_list(0, minargs__procnode(arg),
			     dfltargs__procnode(arg),
			     maxargs__procnode(arg), END_OF_LIST);
	}
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *cpdf_newname(NODE *name, NODE*titleline) {
    NODE *nname=cnv_node_to_strnode(name);
    char *namestr=getstrptr(nname);
    char *titlestr=getstrptr(titleline);
    char buf[2000];
    char *p1, *p2;

    p1 = titlestr+strcspn(titlestr, " \t");
    p1 = p1+strspn(p1, " \t");
    p2 = p1+strcspn(p1, " \t");
    sprintf(buf, "%.*s%.*s%s",
	    p1-titlestr, titlestr, getstrlen(nname), namestr, p2);
    return make_strnode(buf, NULL, strlen(buf), STRING, strcpy);
}

NODE *lcopydef(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg1, *arg2;
    int redef = (varTrue(Redefp));
    int old_default = -1, new_default;

    arg1 = proc_name_arg(args);
    arg2 = proc_name_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	arg1 = intern(arg1);
	arg2 = intern(arg2);
	check_library(arg2);
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING && procnode__caseobj(arg2) == UNDEFINED)
	err_logo(DK_HOW, arg2);
    if (NOT_THROWING && !redef && is_prim(procnode__caseobj(arg1)))
	err_logo(IS_PRIM, arg1);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	NODE *old_proc = procnode__caseobj(arg1);
	NODE *new_proc = procnode__caseobj(arg2);
	if (old_proc != UNDEFINED) {
	    old_default = (is_prim(old_proc) ? getprimdflt(old_proc) :
		  		          getint(dfltargs__procnode(old_proc)));
	    }
	new_default = (is_prim(new_proc) ? getprimdflt(new_proc) :
					   getint(dfltargs__procnode(new_proc)));
	if (old_default != new_default && old_default >= 0) {
	    the_generation = cons(NIL, NIL);
	}
	if (is_prim(new_proc))
	    setprocnode__caseobj(arg1, new_proc);
	else {
	    NODE *bwds=get_bodywords(new_proc,arg1);	/* 5.5 */
	    setprocnode__caseobj(arg1,
		make_procnode(text__procnode(new_proc),
		    cons(cpdf_newname(arg1,car(bwds)),
			 cdr(bwds)),
		    getint(minargs__procnode(new_proc)),
		    getint(dfltargs__procnode(new_proc)),
		    getint(maxargs__procnode(new_proc))));
	}
	/* setflag__caseobj(arg1, PROC_BURIED); */
	if (is_macro(arg2)) setflag__caseobj(arg1, PROC_MACRO);
	else clearflag__caseobj(arg1, PROC_MACRO);
	if (flag__caseobj(arg2, PROC_SPECFORM))
	    setflag__caseobj(arg1, PROC_SPECFORM);
	else clearflag__caseobj(arg1, PROC_SPECFORM);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}
  
char *fixhelp(char *ptr, int len) {
    static char result[32];
    char *p, c;
    for (p = result; --len >= 0;  *p++ = c) {
        c = *ptr++;
        if (c == '?')
            c = 'p';
        else if (c == '.')
            c = 'd';
    }
    *p = '\0';
    return result;
}

char inops[] = "+-*/=<>";

NODE *lhelp(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = NIL, *pproc;
	char buffer[1024];
#ifndef WIN32
    char junk[20];
#endif
    FILE *fp;
    int lines;
#ifdef __RZTC__
    size_t len;
#endif

    if (args == NIL) {
/*
 #ifdef WIN32
	sprintf(buffer, "%sHELPCONT", addsep(helpfiles));
 #else
 */
	sprintf(buffer, "%sHELPCONTENTS", addsep(helpfiles));
/* #endif */
    } else if (is_word(car(args)) && car(args) != Null_Word) {
        arg = llowercase(args);
    /*	setcar(args, arg);  */
	if (getstrlen(arg) == 1) {
	    char *cp = strchr(inops,*(getstrptr(arg)));
	    if (cp != NULL) {
		arg=cnv_node_to_strnode(theName(Name_sum+(cp-inops)));
	    }
	}
	if (getstrlen(arg) == 2) {
	    if (!strncmp(getstrptr(arg), "<=", 2))
		arg=cnv_node_to_strnode(theName(Name_lessequalp));
	    if (!strncmp(getstrptr(arg), ">=", 2))
		arg=cnv_node_to_strnode(theName(Name_greaterequalp));
	    if (!strncmp(getstrptr(arg), "<>", 2))
		arg=cnv_node_to_strnode(theName(Name_notequalp));
	}
	//sprintf(result, "%s", fixhelp(getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg)));
	//sprintf(buffer, "%s%s",  addsep(helpfiles), result);
	
 sprintf(buffer, "%s%s", addsep(helpfiles),
		fixhelp(getstrptr(arg), getstrlen(arg)));
			//printf("Buffer: %s\n", buffer);

#ifdef __RZTC__    /* defined(ibm) || defined(WIN32) */
	if (strlen(buffer) > (len = strlen(addsep(helpfiles))+8)) {
	    buffer[len+5] = '\0';
	    buffer[len+4] = buffer[len+3];
	    buffer[len+3] = buffer[len+2];
	    buffer[len+2] = buffer[len+1];
	    buffer[len+1] = buffer[len];
	    buffer[len] = '.';
	}
#endif
    } else {
        err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, car(args));
	return UNBOUND;
    }
    fp = fopen(buffer, "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
	if (args == NIL)
	    ndprintf(writestream, message_texts[NO_HELP]);
	else {
	    check_library(intern(car(args)));
	    pproc = procnode__caseobj(intern(car(args)));
	    if (is_list(pproc)) {
		po_helper(args, 1);
	    }
	    else
		ndprintf(writestream, message_texts[NO_HELPON], arg);
	}
    } else {
	(void)ltextscreen(NIL);
	lines = 0;
	fgets(buffer, 200, fp);
	while (NOT_THROWING && !feof(fp)) {
#ifdef HAVE_WX
		int getTermInfo(int val);
		if (interactive && writestream==stdout && ++lines >= getTermInfo(Y_MAX)) {
#else
	    if (interactive && writestream==stdout && ++lines >= y_max) {
#endif
		ndprintf(writestream, message_texts[MORE_HELP]);
		input_blocking++;
#ifndef TIOCSTI
		if (!setjmp(iblk_buf))
#endif
#ifdef __RZTC__
		    ztc_getcr();
		    print_char(stdout, '\n');
#else
#ifdef WIN32
		    (void)reader(stdin, "");
#else
		    fgets(junk, 19, stdin);
#endif
#endif
		input_blocking = 0;
		update_coords('\n');
		lines = 1;
	    }
	    ndprintf(writestream, "%t", buffer);
	    fgets(buffer, 200, fp);
	}
	fclose(fp);
    }
    return UNBOUND;
}
ucblogo-6.1/main.c0000664000175000017500000001645613601420003012203 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      main.c          logo main procedure module              dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#ifdef WIN32
#include 
#include   /* needed? */
#endif

#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include 
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#ifdef __RZTC__
#include 
#define SIGQUIT SIGTERM
#include 
#endif

#ifndef TIOCSTI
#include 
jmp_buf iblk_buf;
#endif
 
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif

#ifdef mac
#include 
#endif

NODE *current_line = NIL;
NODE **bottom_stack; /*GC*/
NODE *command_line = NIL;   /* 6.0 command line args after files */

int stop_quietly_flag=0;

void unblock_input(void) {
    if (input_blocking) {
	input_blocking = 0;
#ifdef mac
	csetmode(C_ECHO, stdin);
	fflush(stdin);
#endif
#ifdef TIOCSTI
	ioctl(0,TIOCSTI,"\n");
#else
	longjmp(iblk_buf,1);
#endif
    }
}

extern int in_eval_save;

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
#define sig_arg 0
RETSIGTYPE logo_stop(int sig)
#else
#define sig_arg 
RETSIGTYPE logo_stop()
#endif
{
    if (inside_gc || in_eval_save) {
	int_during_gc = 1;
    } else {
	charmode_off();
	to_pending = 0;
        if (!stop_quietly_flag)
            err_logo(STOP_ERROR,NIL);
        stop_quietly_flag = 0;
#ifdef __RZTC__
	if (!input_blocking)
#endif
	  signal(SIGINT, logo_stop);
	unblock_input();
    }
    SIGRET
}

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
#define sig_arg 0
RETSIGTYPE logo_pause(int sig)
#else
#define sig_arg 
RETSIGTYPE logo_pause()
#endif
{
    if (inside_gc || in_eval_save) {
	int_during_gc = 2;
    } else {
	charmode_off();
	to_pending = 0;
#ifdef bsd
	sigsetmask(0);
#else
#if !defined(mac) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
	signal(SIGQUIT, logo_pause);
#endif
#endif
	lpause(NIL);
    }
    SIGRET
}

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
#define sig_arg 0
RETSIGTYPE mouse_down(int sig)
#else
#define sig_arg 
RETSIGTYPE mouse_down()
#endif
{
    NODE *line;

    if (inside_gc || in_eval_save) {
	if (int_during_gc == 0) int_during_gc = 3;
    } else {
	line = valnode__caseobj(Buttonact);
	if (line != UNBOUND && line != NIL) {
	    if (inside_evaluator) {
		eval_buttonact = line;
	    } else {
		eval_driver(line);
		fix_turtle_shownness();
	    }
	}
    }
    SIGRET
}

int keyact_set() {
    NODE *line;

    line = valnode__caseobj(Keyact);
    return (line != UNBOUND && line != NIL);
}

void do_keyact(int);

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
#define sig_arg 0
RETSIGTYPE delayed_keyact(int sig)
#else
#define sig_arg 
RETSIGTYPE delayed_keyact()
#endif
{
    do_keyact(readchar_lookahead_buf);
    SIGRET
}

void do_keyact(int ch) {
    NODE *line;

    readchar_lookahead_buf = ch;
    if (inside_gc || in_eval_save) {
	if (int_during_gc == 0) int_during_gc = 4;
    } else {
	line = valnode__caseobj(Keyact);
	if (line != UNBOUND && line != NIL) {
	    if (inside_evaluator) {
		eval_buttonact = line;
	    } else {
		eval_driver(line);
		fix_turtle_shownness();
	    }
	}
    }
}


RETSIGTYPE (*intfuns[])() = {0, logo_stop, logo_pause, mouse_down,
			     delayed_keyact};

void delayed_int() {
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
    (void)(*intfuns[int_during_gc])(0);
#else
    (void)(*intfuns[int_during_gc])();
#endif
}

#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
void _far _cdecl do_ctrl_c(void) {
    ctrl_c_count++;
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WX
int wx_leave_mainloop = 0;
int  start (int argc,char ** argv) {
#else
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
#endif
    NODE *exec_list = NIL;
    NODE *cl_tail = NIL;
    int argc2;
    char **argv2;

#ifdef SYMANTEC_C
    extern void (*openproc)(void);
    extern void __open_std(void);
    openproc = &__open_std;
#endif

#ifdef mac
    init_mac_memory();
#endif

    bottom_stack = &exec_list; /*GC*/

#ifndef HAVE_WX
#ifdef x_window
    x_window_init(argc, argv);
#endif
#endif
    (void)addseg();
    term_init();
    init();

    math_init();

#ifdef ibm
    signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
#if defined(__RZTC__) && !defined(WIN32) /* sowings */
    _controlc_handler = do_ctrl_c;
    controlc_open();
#endif
#else /* !ibm */
    signal(SIGINT, logo_stop);
#endif /* ibm */
#ifdef mac
    signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
#else /* !mac */
	//signal(SIGQUIT, logo_pause);
#endif
    /* SIGQUITs never happen on the IBM */

    if (argc < 2) {
#ifndef WIN32
      if (1 || isatty(1))   // fix this.  for interactive from menu bar.
#endif
      {
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	extern char *GIT;
#endif
	char version[64];
	lcleartext(NIL);
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	strcpy(version,"6.1");
	strcat(version,GIT);
#else
	strcpy(version,"5.6");
#endif
	ndprintf(stdout, message_texts[WELCOME_TO], version);
	new_line(stdout);
      }
    }

#ifdef HAVE_WX
    setvalnode__caseobj(LogoVersion, make_floatnode(6.1));
#else
    setvalnode__caseobj(LogoVersion, make_floatnode(5.6));
#endif
    setflag__caseobj(LogoVersion, VAL_BURIED);

    argv2 = argv; argc2 = argc;

    if (!strcmp(*argv+strlen(*argv)-4, "logo")) {
	argv++;
	while (--argc > 0 && strcmp(*argv, "-") && NOT_THROWING) {
	    argv++;
	}
    }

    argv++;
    while (--argc > 0) {
	if (command_line == NIL) 
	    cl_tail = command_line = cons(make_static_strnode(*argv++), NIL);
	else {
	    setcdr(cl_tail, cons(make_static_strnode(*argv++), NIL));
	    cl_tail = cdr(cl_tail);
	}
    }

    setvalnode__caseobj(CommandLine, command_line);

    silent_load(Startuplg, logolib);
#ifndef WIN32
    silent_load(Startuplg, getenv("HOME")); /* load startup.lg */
#else
    silent_load(Startuplg, NULL); /* load startup.lg */
#endif
    if (!strcmp(*argv2+strlen(*argv2)-4, "logo")) {
	argv2++;
	while (--argc2 > 0 && strcmp(*argv2, "-") && NOT_THROWING) {
	    silent_load(NIL,*argv2++);
	    }
    }

    for (;;) {
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    check_reserve_tank();
	    current_line = reader(stdin,"? ");
#ifdef __RZTC__
		(void)feof(stdin);
		if (!in_graphics_mode)
		    printf(" \b");
		fflush(stdout);
#endif

#ifndef WIN32
	    if (feof(stdin) && !isatty(0)) lbye(NIL);
#endif

#ifdef __RZTC__
	    if (feof(stdin)) clearerr(stdin);
#endif
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		exec_list = parser(current_line, TRUE);
		if (exec_list != NIL) eval_driver(exec_list);
	    }
	}
#ifdef HAVE_WX
	if (wx_leave_mainloop) {
	  break;
	}
#endif	
	if (stopping_flag == THROWING) {
	    if (isName(throw_node, Name_error)) {
		err_print(NULL);
	    } else if (isName(throw_node, Name_system))
		break;
	    else if (!isName(throw_node, Name_toplevel)) {
		err_logo(NO_CATCH_TAG, throw_node);
		err_print(NULL);
	    }
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	}
	if (stopping_flag == STOP || stopping_flag == OUTPUT) {
	/*    ndprintf(stdout, "%t\n", message_texts[CANT_STOP]);   */
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	}
    }
    //prepare_to_exit(TRUE);
    exit(0);
    return 0;
}
ucblogo-6.1/mem.c0000664000175000017500000004704313575571772012067 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      mem.c           logo memory management module           dvb 6/28/88
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 */

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
extern NODE *stack, *numstack, *expresn, *val, *parm, *catch_tag, *arg;

/* #ifdef ibm */
/* #ifndef __RZTC__ */
/* #include  */
/* #endif */
/* #endif */

#ifdef PUNY
#define GCMAX 1000
#else
#ifdef THINK_C
#define GCMAX 8000
#else
#ifdef __RZTC__
#define GCMAX 3000
#else
#define GCMAX 16000

#endif
#endif
#endif

#ifdef THINK_C
extern NODE *gcstack[];
#else
NODE *gcstack[GCMAX];
#endif

NODE **mark_gcstack = gcstack;
NODE **gctop = gcstack;
NODE **gcbottom = gcstack;

long int mem_nodes = 0, mem_max = 0;	/* for Logo NODES primitive */

/* GC heuristic parameters. These parameters can be modified to fine tune
   the performance of the GC program. The values below are a good set of
   default parameters that should work well for most data */

/* Number of times to collect at the current GC state before going to
   the next state. Basically the number of times a given generation is
   collected before its members are moved to an older generation */
#define gc_age_threshold 4

FIXNUM seg_size = SEG_SIZE;

/* A new segment of nodes is added if fewer than freed_threshold nodes are
   freed in one GC run */
#define freed_threshold ((long int)(seg_size * 0.4))

NODE *free_list = NIL;                /* global ptr to free node list */
struct segment *segment_list = NULL;  /* global ptr to segment list */

long int mem_allocated = 0, mem_freed = 0;

/* The number of generations */
#define NUM_GENS 4

/* ptr to list of Nodes in the same generation */
NODE *generation[NUM_GENS] = {NIL};

/* ptr to list of nodes that point to younger nodes */
NODE *oldyoungs = NIL;

long int current_gc = 0;

long int gc_stack_malloced = 0;

long int gc_stack_size = GCMAX;

long int gc_overflow_flag = 0;

NODE *reserve_tank = NIL;

BOOLEAN inside_gc = 0, int_during_gc = 0;

int next_gen_gc = 0, max_gen = 0;

int mark_gen_gc;

/* #define GC_DEBUG 1 /* */
/* #define GC_TWOBYTE 1 /* Use 2-byte stack offset in mark phase */

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
long int num_examined;
#endif

NODE *lsetsegsz(NODE *args) {
    NODE *num = pos_int_arg(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING)
	seg_size = getint(num);
    return UNBOUND;
}

BOOLEAN addseg(void) {
    long int p;
    struct segment *newseg;

    if ((newseg = (struct segment *)malloc(sizeof(struct segment)
					   + seg_size*sizeof(struct logo_node)))
            != NULL) {
        newseg->next = segment_list;
	newseg->size = seg_size;
        segment_list = newseg;
        for (p = 0; p < seg_size; p++) {
            newseg->nodes[p].next = free_list;
            free_list = &newseg->nodes[p];
	    settype(&newseg->nodes[p], NTFREE);
	}
	return 1;
    } else
  	return 0;
}

#ifdef THINK_C
#pragma options(!global_optimizer)
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
#pragma optimize("",off)
#endif
/* Think C tries to load ptr_val->node_type early if optimized */

BOOLEAN valid_pointer (volatile NODE *ptr_val) {
    struct segment* current_seg;
    unsigned long int ptr = (unsigned long int)ptr_val;
    FIXNUM size;
   
    if (ptr_val == NIL) return 0;
    for (current_seg = segment_list; current_seg != NULL;
		current_seg = current_seg->next) {
	size = current_seg->size;
	if ((ptr >= (unsigned long int)¤t_seg->nodes[0]) &&
	    (ptr <= (unsigned long int)¤t_seg->nodes[size-1]) &&
	    ((ptr - (unsigned long int)¤t_seg->nodes[0])%
	                 (sizeof(struct logo_node)) == 0))
	    return (ptr_val->node_type != NTFREE);
    }
    return 0;
}

#ifdef THINK_C
#pragma options(global_optimizer)
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
/* #pragma optimize("",on) */
#endif

NODETYPES nodetype(NODE *nd) {
    if (nd == NIL) return (PNIL);
    return(nd->node_type);
}

void check_oldyoung(NODE *old, NODE *new) {
    if (valid_pointer(new) && (new->my_gen < old->my_gen) &&
			      old->oldyoung_next == NIL) {
	old->oldyoung_next = oldyoungs;
	oldyoungs = old;
    }
}

void check_valid_oldyoung(NODE *old, NODE *new) {
    if (new == NIL) return;
    if ((new->my_gen < old->my_gen) && old->oldyoung_next == NIL) {
	old->oldyoung_next = oldyoungs;
	oldyoungs = old;
    }
}

/* setcar/cdr/object should be called only when the new pointee is really
 * a node.  Otherwise just directly assign to the field (e.g. for CONTs). */

void setobject(NODE *nd, NODE *newobj) {
    nd->n_obj = newobj;
    check_valid_oldyoung(nd, newobj);
}

void setcar(NODE *nd, NODE *newcar) {
    nd->n_car = newcar;
    check_valid_oldyoung(nd, newcar);
}

void setcdr(NODE *nd, NODE *newcdr) {
    nd->n_cdr = newcdr;
    check_valid_oldyoung(nd, newcdr);
}

#ifdef THINK_C
#pragma options(honor_register)
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
#pragma optimize("",off)
#endif

void do_gc(BOOLEAN full) {
    register NODE *pa, *pb, *pc, *pd, *pe;	/* get registers onto stack */
    register int aa, bb, cc, dd, ee;
    
    int_during_gc = 0;
    inside_gc++;
    gc(full);
    inside_gc = 0;
    if (int_during_gc != 0) {
	delayed_int();
    }
}

NODE *newnode(NODETYPES type) {
    register NODE *newnd;
    static NODE phony;

    while ((newnd = free_list) == NIL && NOT_THROWING) {
	do_gc(FALSE);
    }
    if (newnd != NIL) {
	free_list = newnd->next;
	newnd->n_car = NIL;
	newnd->n_cdr = NIL;
	newnd->n_obj = NIL;
	newnd->my_gen = 0;
	newnd->gen_age = gc_age_threshold;
	newnd->mark_gc = 0;
	newnd->next = generation[0];
	generation[0] = newnd;
	newnd->oldyoung_next = NIL;
	settype(newnd, type);
	mem_nodes++;
	if (mem_nodes > mem_max) mem_max = mem_nodes;
	return(newnd);
    } else return &phony;
}

#ifdef THINK_C
#pragma options(!honor_register)
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
/* #pragma optimize("",on) */
#endif

NODE *cons(NODE *x, NODE *y) {
    NODE *val = newnode(CONS);

    /* New node can't possibly point to younger one, so no need to check */
    val->n_car = x;
    val->n_cdr = y;
    return(val);
}

#define mmark(child) {if ((child)->my_gen < nd->my_gen) \
			 {mark(child); got_young++;}}

NODE **inter_gen_mark (NODE **prev) {
/* Mark/traverse pointers to younger generations only */
    NODE* nd = *prev;
    NODE** array_ptr;
    NODE* tmp_node;
    int loop;
    int got_young = 0;

    if (nd->my_gen <= mark_gen_gc) return &(nd->oldyoung_next);
    switch (nodetype(nd)) {
	case CONS:
	case CASEOBJ:
	case RUN_PARSE:
	case QUOTE:
	case COLON:
	case TREE:
	case LINE:
	case LOCALSAVE:
#ifdef OBJECTS
	case OBJECT:
	case METHOD:
#endif
	    if (valid_pointer(nd->n_car))
		mmark(nd->n_car);
	    if (valid_pointer(nd->n_obj))
		mmark(nd->n_obj);
	case CONT:
	    if (valid_pointer(nd->n_cdr))
		mmark(nd->n_cdr);
	    break;
	case STACK:
	    if (valid_pointer(nd->n_cdr))
		mmark(nd->n_cdr);
	    array_ptr = (NODE **)car(nd);
	    loop = num_saved_nodes;
	    while (--loop >= 0) {
		tmp_node = *array_ptr++;
		if (valid_pointer(tmp_node))
		    mmark(tmp_node);
	    }
	    break;
	case ARRAY:
	    array_ptr = getarrptr(nd);
	    loop = getarrdim(nd);
	    while (--loop >= 0) {
		tmp_node = *array_ptr++;
		if (valid_pointer(tmp_node))
		    mmark(tmp_node);
	    }
	    break;
    }
#ifdef WHYDOESNTTHISWORK
    if (!got_young) {	/* nd no longer points to younger */
	*prev = nd->oldyoung_next;
   	nd->oldyoung_next = NIL;
   	return prev;
    }
#endif
    return &(nd->oldyoung_next);
}

void gc_inc () {
    NODE **new_gcstack;
    long int loop;

    if (gc_overflow_flag == 1) return;

    if (gctop == &mark_gcstack[gc_stack_size-1])
	gctop = mark_gcstack;
    else
	gctop++;
    if (gctop == gcbottom) { /* gc STACK overflow */
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
	printf("\nAllocating new GC stack\n");
	if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"\nAllocating new GC stack\n");
#endif
	if ((new_gcstack = (NODE**) malloc ((size_t) sizeof(NODE *) *
				(gc_stack_size + GCMAX))) == NULL) {

	    /* no room to increse GC Stack */
	    ndprintf(stdout, "\n%t\n", message_texts[CANT_GC]);
	    ndprintf(stdout, "%t\n", message_texts[EXIT_NOW]);

	    gc_overflow_flag = 1;
	} else {
	    /* transfer old stack to new stack */
	    new_gcstack[0] = *gcbottom;
	    if (gcbottom == &mark_gcstack[gc_stack_size-1])
		gcbottom = mark_gcstack;
	    else
		gcbottom++;

	    for (loop = 1 ; gcbottom != gctop ; loop++) {
		new_gcstack[loop] = *gcbottom;
		if (gcbottom == &mark_gcstack[gc_stack_size-1])
		    gcbottom = mark_gcstack;
		else
		    gcbottom++;
	    }
	    gc_stack_size = gc_stack_size + GCMAX;
	    if (gc_stack_malloced == 1) free(mark_gcstack);
	    gc_stack_malloced = 1;

	    mark_gcstack = new_gcstack;
	    gctop = &mark_gcstack[loop];
	    gcbottom = mark_gcstack;
	}
    }
}

/* Iterative mark procedure */
void mark(NODE* nd) {
    int loop;
    NODE** array_ptr;

    if (gc_overflow_flag == 1) return;
    if (!valid_pointer(nd)) return; /* NIL pointer */
    if (nd->my_gen > mark_gen_gc) return; /* I'm too old */
    if (nd->mark_gc == current_gc) return; /* I'm already marked */

    *gctop = nd;
    gc_inc();

    while (gcbottom != gctop) {
	nd = *gcbottom;
	if ((valid_pointer(nd)) && (nd->my_gen <= mark_gen_gc) &&
		(nd->mark_gc != current_gc)) {
	    if (nd->mark_gc == -1) {
		nd->mark_gc = 0;    /* this is a caseobj during gctwa */
		goto no_mark;	    /* so don't really mark yet */
	    }
	    nd->mark_gc = current_gc;
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
	    num_examined++;
#endif
	    switch (nodetype(nd)) {
		case CONS:
		case CASEOBJ:
		case RUN_PARSE:
		case QUOTE:
		case COLON:
		case TREE:
		case LINE:
		case LOCALSAVE:
#ifdef OBJECTS
		case OBJECT:
		case METHOD:
#endif
		    *gctop = nd->n_car;
		    gc_inc();
		    *gctop = nd->n_obj;
		    gc_inc();
		case CONT:
		    *gctop = nd->n_cdr;
		    gc_inc();
		    break;
		case STACK:
		    *gctop = nd->n_cdr;
		    gc_inc();
		    array_ptr = (NODE **)car(nd);
		    loop = num_saved_nodes;
		    while (--loop >= 0) {
			*gctop = *array_ptr++;
			gc_inc();
		    }
		    break;
		case ARRAY:
		    array_ptr = getarrptr(nd);
		    loop = getarrdim(nd);
		    while (--loop >= 0) {
			*gctop = *array_ptr++;
			gc_inc();
		    }
		break;
	    }
	}
no_mark:
	if (gcbottom == &mark_gcstack[gc_stack_size-1])
	    gcbottom = mark_gcstack;
	else
	    gcbottom++;
    }
}

void gc(BOOLEAN no_error) {
    NODE *top;
    NODE **top_stack;
    NODE *nd, *tmpnd;
    long int num_freed = 0;
    NODE **tmp_ptr, **prev;
    long int freed_sofar = 0;
    NODE** array_ptr;
    NODE* tmp_node;
    NODE *obj, *caselist;
    int anygood;
    int i;
    short int loop;
    int gen_gc; /* deepest generation to garbage collect */
    int gctwa;	/* garbage collect truly worthless atoms */

    if (gc_overflow_flag == 1) {
	if (!addseg()) {
	    err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM, NIL);
	    if (free_list == NIL)
		err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM_UNREC, NIL);
	}
	return;
    }

    check_throwing;

    top_stack = ⊤

    mark_gen_gc = gen_gc = (no_error ? max_gen : next_gen_gc);

    gctwa = (gen_gc == max_gen && max_gen > 1) || no_error;

    if (gctwa) {
	/* Every caseobj must be marked twice to count */
	for (loop = 0; loop < HASH_LEN ; loop++) {
	    for (nd = hash_table[loop]; nd != NIL; nd = cdr(nd)) {
		tmpnd = caselist__object(car(nd));
		while (tmpnd != NIL) {
		    (car(tmpnd))->mark_gc = -1;
		    tmpnd = cdr(tmpnd);
		}
	    }
	}
    }

re_mark:

    current_gc++;

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("gen = %d\n", gen_gc);
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"gen = %d\n", gen_gc);
    num_examined = 0;
#endif

    /* Begin Mark Phase */

    /* Check globals for NODE pointers */

    mark(Regs_Node);
    mark(stack);
    mark(numstack);
    mark(expresn);
    mark(val);
    mark(parm);
    mark(catch_tag);
    mark(arg);
    mark(var_stack);
    mark(last_call);
    mark(output_node);
    mark(output_unode);

    mark(throw_node);
    mark(err_mesg);
    mark(current_line);

/*
    mark(fun);
    mark(ufun);
    mark(last_ufun);
    mark(this_line);
    mark(last_line);
    mark(var);
    mark(didnt_output_name);
    mark(didnt_get_output);
    mark(qm_list);
 */

    mark(file_list);
    mark(reader_name);
    mark(writer_name);
    mark(file_prefix);
    mark(save_name);

    mark(the_generation);
    mark(Not_Enough_Node);
    mark(Unbound);

    mark(Listvalue);
    mark(Dotsvalue);

    mark(cnt_list);
    mark(cnt_last);

    mark(deepend_proc_name);

#ifdef OBJECTS
	mark(logo_object);
	mark(current_object);
	mark(askexist);
#endif

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("globals %ld + ", num_examined);
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"globals %ld + ", num_examined);
    num_examined = 0;
#endif

    for (loop = 0; loop < HASH_LEN ; loop++)
	mark(hash_table[loop]);

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("oblist %ld + ", num_examined);
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"oblist %ld + ", num_examined);
    num_examined = 0;
#endif

    /* Check Stack for NODE pointers */

    if (top_stack < bottom_stack) { /* check direction stack grows */
	for (tmp_ptr = top_stack; tmp_ptr <= bottom_stack; 
#if defined(THINK_C) || defined(__RZTC__) || defined(GC_TWOBYTE)
	     tmp_ptr = (NODE **)(((unsigned long int)tmp_ptr)+2)
#else
	     tmp_ptr++
#endif
	     ) {
		if (valid_pointer(*tmp_ptr)) {
		    mark(*tmp_ptr);
		}
	}
    } else {
	for (tmp_ptr = top_stack; tmp_ptr >= bottom_stack; 
#if defined(THINK_C) || defined(__RZTC__) || defined(GC_TWOBYTE)
	     tmp_ptr = (NODE **)(((unsigned long int)tmp_ptr)-2)
#else
	     tmp_ptr--
#endif
	     ) {
		if (valid_pointer(*tmp_ptr)) {
		    mark(*tmp_ptr);
		}
	}
    }

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("stack %ld + ", num_examined);
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"stack %ld + ", num_examined);
    num_examined = 0;
#endif

    /* check pointers from old generations to young */
    for (prev = &oldyoungs; *prev != Unbound; prev = inter_gen_mark(prev)) ;

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("inter_gen %ld marked\n", num_examined);
    if (dribblestream != NULL)
	fprintf(dribblestream,"inter_gen %ld marked\n", num_examined);
    num_examined = 0;
#endif

    if (gc_overflow_flag) return;

    if (gctwa) {

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("GCTWA: ");
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"GCTWA: ");
    num_examined = 0;
#endif
	for (loop = 0; loop < HASH_LEN ; loop++) {
	    tmpnd = NIL;
	    for (nd = hash_table[loop]; nd != NIL; nd = cdr(nd)) {
		obj = car(nd);
		if (procnode__object(obj) == UNDEFINED &&
		    valnode__object(obj) == UNBOUND &&
		    plist__object(obj) == NIL &&
		    !flag__object(obj, PERMANENT)) {
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
			    num_examined++;
#endif
			anygood = 0;
			for (caselist = caselist__object(obj);
					caselist != NIL; caselist = cdr(caselist)) {
			    if ((car(caselist))->mark_gc == current_gc) {
				anygood = 1;
				break;
			    }
			}
			if (anygood) {	/* someone points here, don't gctwa */
			    tmpnd = nd;
			} else {	/* do gctwa */
			    if (tmpnd == NIL)
				hash_table[loop] = cdr(hash_table[loop]);
			    else
				setcdr(tmpnd, cdr(nd));
			}
		} else			/* has a value, don't gctwa */
		    tmpnd = nd;
	    }
	}

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("%ld collected\n", num_examined);
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"%ld collected\n", num_examined);
    num_examined = 0;
#endif
	gctwa = 0;
	goto re_mark;
    }

    /* Begin Sweep Phase */
   	
    for (loop = gen_gc; loop >= 0; loop--) {
	tmp_ptr = &generation[loop];
	for (nd = generation[loop]; nd != NIL; nd = *tmp_ptr) {
	    if (nd->mark_gc == current_gc) {
		if (--(nd->gen_age) == 0 && loop < NUM_GENS-1) {
		    /* promote to next gen */
		    *tmp_ptr = nd->next;
		    nd->next = generation[loop+1];
		    generation[loop+1] = nd;
		    nd->my_gen = loop+1;
		    if (max_gen == loop) max_gen++;
		    nd->gen_age = gc_age_threshold;
		    switch (nodetype(nd)) {
			case CONS:
			case CASEOBJ:
			case RUN_PARSE:
			case QUOTE:
			case COLON:
			case TREE:
			case LINE:
			case LOCALSAVE:
#ifdef OBJECTS
			case OBJECT:
			case METHOD:
#endif
			    check_oldyoung(nd, nd->n_car);
			    check_oldyoung(nd, nd->n_obj);
			case CONT:
			    check_oldyoung(nd, nd->n_cdr);
			    break;
			case STACK:
			    check_oldyoung(nd, nd->n_cdr);
			    array_ptr = (NODE **)car(nd);
			    i = num_saved_nodes;
			    while (--i >= 0) {
				tmp_node = *array_ptr++;
				check_oldyoung(nd, tmp_node);
			    }
			    break;
			case ARRAY:
			    array_ptr = getarrptr(nd);
			    i = getarrdim(nd);
			    while (--i >= 0) {
				tmp_node = *array_ptr++;
				check_oldyoung(nd, tmp_node);
			    }
			    break;
		    }
       		} else {
		    /* keep in this gen */
		    tmp_ptr = &(nd->next);
         	}
	    } else {
		/* free */
		num_freed++;
		mem_nodes--;
         	*tmp_ptr = nd->next;
     		if (nd->oldyoung_next != NIL) {
		    for (prev = &oldyoungs; *prev != nd;
			    prev = &((*prev)->oldyoung_next))
		        ;
		    *prev = nd->oldyoung_next;
		    nd->oldyoung_next = NIL;
		}
        	switch (nodetype(nd)) {
		    case ARRAY:
			free((char *)getarrptr(nd));
             		break;
		    case STACK:
			free((char *)car(nd));
			break;
		    case STRING:
		    case BACKSLASH_STRING:
		    case VBAR_STRING:
			if (getstrhead(nd) != NULL &&
				    decstrrefcnt(getstrhead(nd)) == 0)
			    free(getstrhead(nd));
			    break;
		}
		settype (nd, NTFREE);
	 	nd->next = free_list;
	 	free_list = nd;
	    }
	}
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
	printf("%ld + ", num_freed - freed_sofar);
	if (dribblestream != NULL)
	    fprintf(dribblestream,"%ld + ", num_freed - freed_sofar);
#endif
	freed_sofar = num_freed;
    }

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    printf("= %ld freed\n", num_freed);
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream,"= %ld freed\n", num_freed);
#endif

    if (num_freed > freed_threshold)
	next_gen_gc = 0;
    else if (gen_gc < max_gen)
	next_gen_gc = gen_gc+1;
    else
	next_gen_gc = 0;

    if (num_freed < freed_threshold) {
	if (!addseg() && num_freed < 50 && gen_gc == max_gen && !no_error) {
	    err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM, NIL);
	    if (free_list == NIL)
		err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM_UNREC, NIL);
	}
#ifdef __RZTC__
	(void)addseg();
#endif
    }

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
/*    getchar(); */
#endif
}

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
void prname(NODE *foo) {
    ndprintf(stdout, "%s ", car(foo));
    if (dribblestream != NULL) fprintf(dribblestream, "%s ", car(foo));
}
#endif

NODE *lgc(NODE *args) {
    do_gc(args != NIL);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lnodes(NODE *args) {
    long int temp_max, temp_nodes;

#ifdef GC_DEBUG
/*    map_oblist(&prname); */
#endif
    do_gc(TRUE);	/* get real in-use figures */
    temp_max = mem_max;
    temp_nodes = mem_nodes;
    mem_max = mem_nodes;
    return cons(make_intnode(temp_nodes),
		cons(make_intnode(temp_max), NIL));
}

void fill_reserve_tank(void) {
    NODE *newnd, *p = NIL;
    int i = 50;

    while (--i >= 0) {	/* make pairs not in any generation */
	if ((newnd = free_list) == NIL) break;
	free_list = newnd->next;
	settype(newnd, CONS);
	newnd->n_car = NIL;
	newnd->n_cdr = p;
	newnd->n_obj = NIL;
	newnd->next = NIL;
	newnd->oldyoung_next = NIL;
	p = newnd;
    }
    reserve_tank = p;
}

void use_reserve_tank(void) {
    NODE *nd = reserve_tank;
	
    reserve_tank = NIL;
    for ( ; nd != NIL; nd = cdr(nd) ) {
    	settype(nd, NTFREE);
    	nd->next = free_list;
    	free_list = nd;
    }
}

void check_reserve_tank(void) {
    if (reserve_tank == NIL) fill_reserve_tank();
}
ucblogo-6.1/globals.h0000664000175000017500000005104113575571772012732 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      globals.h       logo global references module           dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

/* main.c */
#ifdef HAVE_WX
extern int start(int, char **);
extern int wx_leave_mainloop;
extern int check_wx_stop(int force_yield);
#endif
extern NODE **bottom_stack; /*GC*/
extern NODE *current_line, *exec_list;
extern int main(int, char *[]);
extern void unblock_input(void);
extern NODE **bottom_stack;
extern void delayed_int(void);
extern NODE *command_line;

#if defined(SIG_TAKES_ARG)
RETSIGTYPE logo_stop(int);
RETSIGTYPE logo_pause(int);
RETSIGTYPE mouse_down(int);
#define mouse_click mouse_down(0)
#else
RETSIGTYPE logo_stop(void);
RETSIGTYPE logo_pause(void);
RETSIGTYPE mouse_down(void);
#define mouse_click mouse_down()
#endif

#ifndef TIOCSTI
#include 
extern jmp_buf iblk_buf;
#endif

/* logodata.c */
extern char *strnzcpy(char *, char *, int);
extern char *word_strnzcpy(char *, NODE *, int);
extern char *noparity_strnzcpy(char *, char *, int);
extern char *backslashed_strnzcpy(char *, char *, int);
extern char *mend_strnzcpy(char *, char *, int);
extern char *mend_nosemi(char *, char *, int);
extern char *low_strnzcpy(char *, char *, int);
extern char *cap_strnzcpy(char *, char *, int);
extern char *noparitylow_strnzcpy(char *, char *, int);
extern int low_strncmp(char *, char *, int);
extern int noparity_strncmp(char *, char *, int);
extern int noparitylow_strncmp(char *, char *, int);
extern NODE *make_strnode(char *, struct string_block *, int,
			  NODETYPES, char *(*)());
extern void make_runparse(NODE *);
extern NODE *make_quote(NODE *);
extern NODE *maybe_quote(NODE *);
extern NODE *make_caseobj(NODE *, NODE *);
extern NODE *make_colon(NODE *);
extern NODE *make_intnode(FIXNUM);
extern NODE *make_floatnode(FLONUM);
extern NODE *cnv_node_to_numnode(NODE *);
extern NODE *cnv_node_to_strnode(NODE *);
extern NODE *make_static_strnode(char *);
extern NODE *cons_list(int, ...);
extern NODE *make_array(FIXNUM);
extern NODE *llowercase(NODE *);
extern NODE *luppercase(NODE *);
extern NODE *lgprop(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpprop(NODE *);
extern NODE *lremprop(NODE *);
extern NODE *copy_list(NODE *);
extern NODE *lplist(NODE *);
extern int isName(NODE *, enum words);
extern int varTrue(NODE *);
extern NODE *theName(enum words);
extern NODE *TrueName(void);
extern NODE *FalseName(void);

#ifdef ecma
extern char ecma_array[], special_chars[];
extern char ecma_set(int);
extern char ecma_clear(int);
extern int ecma_size;
extern int ecma_get(int);
#endif

/* mem.c */
extern NODE *free_list;
extern struct segment *segment_list;
extern NODE *oldyoungs;
extern BOOLEAN inside_gc, int_during_gc;
extern BOOLEAN addseg(void);
extern NODETYPES nodetype(NODE *);
extern void check_valid_oldyoung(NODE *old, NODE *n);
extern void setobject(NODE *, NODE *);
extern void setcar(NODE *, NODE *);
extern void setcdr(NODE *, NODE *);
extern NODE *newnode(NODETYPES);
extern NODE *cons(NODE *, NODE *);
extern void mark(NODE *);
extern void gc(BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *lgc(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnodes(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetsegsz(NODE *);
extern void fill_reserve_tank(void);
extern void use_reserve_tank(void);
extern void check_reserve_tank(void);

/* parse.c */
extern FILE *loadstream, *writestream, *readstream, *dribblestream;
extern int input_blocking;
extern NODE *current_line, *deepend_proc_name;
extern NODE *reader(FILE *, char *);
extern NODE *parser(NODE *, BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *lparse(NODE *);
extern NODE *runparse(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrunparse(NODE *);
#if 0
extern char *cmdHistory[];
extern char **hist_inptr, **hist_outptr;
#endif

/* math.c */
extern int numberp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrandom(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrerandom(NODE *);
extern void math_init(void);
extern FLONUM degrad;
extern NODE *ladd(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsub(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmul(NODE *);
extern NODE *ldivide(NODE *);
extern NODE *lremainder(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmodulo(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbitand(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbitor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbitxor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lashift(NODE *);
extern NODE *llshift(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbitnot(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsin(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcos(NODE *);
extern NODE *latan(NODE *);
extern NODE *lradsin(NODE *);
extern NODE *lradcos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lradatan(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsqrt(NODE *);
extern NODE *linteg(NODE *);
extern NODE *lroundx(NODE *);
extern NODE *lexp(NODE *);
extern NODE *llog10(NODE *);
extern NODE *lln(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpower(NODE *);
extern NODE *torf(BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *llessp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lgreaterp(NODE *);
extern NODE *llessequalp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lgreaterequalp(NODE *);
extern int compare_node(NODE *, NODE *, BOOLEAN);
extern BOOLEAN equalp_help(NODE *, NODE *, BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *lequalp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnotequalp(NODE *);
extern NODE *l_eq(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbeforep(NODE *);

/* intern.c */
extern NODE *hash_table[HASH_LEN];
void map_oblist(void (*)());
extern NODE *make_instance(NODE *, NODE *);
extern NODE *intern(NODE *);

/* print.c */
extern int print_stringlen;
extern char *print_stringptr;
extern int force_printwidth, force_printdepth;
extern int x_margin, y_margin;
extern NODE *Fullprintp;
extern void update_coords(char);
extern void print_char(FILE *, char);
extern void print_space(FILE *);
extern void ndprintf(FILE *, char *, ...);
extern void real_print_help(FILE *, NODE *, int, int);
extern void print_help(FILE *, NODE *);
extern void print_node(FILE *, NODE *);
extern void print_nobrak(FILE *, NODE *);
extern void new_line(FILE *);
extern NODE *lshow(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltype(NODE *);
extern NODE *lprint(NODE *);

/* init.c */
extern NODE *Left_Paren, *Right_Paren;
extern NODE *Redefp, *Caseignoredp, *Erract, *Printdepthlimit;
extern NODE *Printwidthlimit, *Pause, *LoadNoisily, *AllowGetSet;
extern NODE *UnburyOnEdit, *Make, *Listvalue, *Dotsvalue;
extern NODE *Unbound, *Not_Enough_Node, *Buttonact, *LogoVersion;
extern NODE *Minus_Sign, *Minus_Tight, *Startup, *Startuplg, *Query;
extern NODE *UseAlternateNames, *LogoLogo, *LogoPlatform, *Keyact;
extern NODE *CommandLine, *Null_Word;
extern void init(void);
extern struct wdtrans translations[];
extern char *LogoPlatformName;

/* wrksp.c */
#ifdef HAVE_WX
extern char* wx_fgets(char* s, int n, FILE* stream);
#endif

extern char *editor, *editorname, *tempdir;
extern int to_pending;
extern NODE *ltext(NODE *);
extern NODE *lfulltext(NODE *);
extern NODE *ldefine(NODE *);
extern NODE *ldefmacro(NODE *);
extern NODE *anonymous_function(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmacro(NODE *);
extern NODE *lto(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmake(NODE *);
extern NODE *llocal(NODE *);
extern NODE *lglobal(NODE *);
extern NODE *cnt_list, *cnt_last;
extern NODE *lcontents(NODE *);
extern NODE *lburied(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltraced(NODE *);
extern NODE *lstepped(NODE *);
extern NODE *lprocedures(NODE *);
extern NODE *lprimitives(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnames(NODE *);
extern NODE *lplists(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpo(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpot(NODE *);
extern NODE *lerase(NODE *);
extern NODE *lerall(NODE *);
extern NODE *lerps(NODE *);
extern NODE *lerns(NODE *);
extern NODE *lerpls(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbury(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltrace(NODE *);
extern NODE *lstep(NODE *);
extern NODE *lburiedp(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltracedp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsteppedp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lunbury(NODE *);
extern NODE *luntrace(NODE *);
extern NODE *lunstep(NODE *);
extern char *addsep(char *);
extern NODE *ledit(NODE *);
extern NODE *leditfile(NODE *);
extern NODE *lthing(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnamep(NODE *);
extern NODE *lprocedurep(NODE *);
extern NODE *lplistp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lprimitivep(NODE *);
extern NODE *ldefinedp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmacrop(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcopydef(NODE *);
extern NODE *lhelp(NODE *);
extern NODE *larity(NODE *);

/* error.c */
extern char *message_texts[];
extern NODE *throw_node;
extern NODE *err_mesg;
extern ERR_TYPES erract_errtype;
extern void err_print(char *);
extern NODE *err_logo(ERR_TYPES, NODE *);
extern NODE *lerror(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpause(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcontinue(NODE *);

/* eval.c */
extern NODE *var_stack;
extern NODE *output_node, *output_unode, *last_call;
extern CTRLTYPE stopping_flag;
extern char *logolib, *helpfiles, *csls;
extern FIXNUM dont_fix_ift;
extern void eval_driver(NODE *);
extern NODE *err_eval_driver(NODE *, BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *lapply(NODE *);
extern NODE *lqm(NODE *);
extern NODE *deep_copy(NODE *);
extern void tell_shadow(NODE *);
extern int not_local(NODE *, NODE *);
extern int num_saved_nodes;
extern struct registers regs;
extern NODE *Regs_Node;
extern int inside_evaluator;
extern NODE *evaluator(NODE *list, enum labels where);
extern NODE *eval_buttonact;

/*
 #ifdef OBJECTS
extern NODE *val_eval_driver(NODE *seq);
 #endif
*/

/* lists.c */
extern NODE *lbutfirst(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbutlast(NODE *);
extern NODE *lfirst(NODE *);
extern NODE *lfirsts(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbfs(NODE *);
extern NODE *llast(NODE *);
extern NODE *llist(NODE *);
extern NODE *lemptyp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lascii(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrawascii(NODE *);
extern NODE *lvbarredp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lchar(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcount(NODE *);
extern NODE *lfput(NODE *);
extern NODE *llput(NODE *);
extern NODE *string_arg(NODE *);
extern NODE *lword(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsentence(NODE *);
extern NODE *lwordp(NODE *);
extern NODE *llistp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnumberp(NODE *);
extern NODE *larrayp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmemberp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsubstringp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmember(NODE *);
extern NODE *integer_arg(NODE *);
extern FIXNUM int_arg(NODE *);
extern NODE *litem(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetitem(NODE *);
extern NODE *l_setitem(NODE *);
extern NODE *larray(NODE *);
extern NODE *larraytolist(NODE *);
extern NODE *llisttoarray(NODE *);
extern NODE *lform(NODE *);
extern NODE *l_setfirst(NODE *);
extern NODE *l_setbf(NODE *);

/* files.c */
#ifdef HAVE_WX
extern int wxKeyp();
#endif
extern NODE *file_list;
extern NODE *reader_name, *writer_name, *file_prefix;
extern NODE *lseteditor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetlibloc(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetcslsloc(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsethelploc(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsettemploc(NODE *);
extern NODE *ldribble(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnodribble(NODE *);
extern NODE *lopenread(NODE *);
extern NODE *lopenwrite(NODE *);
extern NODE *lopenappend(NODE *);
extern NODE *lopenupdate(NODE *);
extern NODE *lallopen(NODE *);
extern NODE *lclose(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetwrite(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetread(NODE *);
extern NODE *lreader(NODE *);
extern NODE *lwriter(NODE *);
extern NODE *lerasefile(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsave(NODE *);
extern void silent_load(NODE *, char *);
extern NODE *lload(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcslsload(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetprefix(NODE *);
extern NODE *lprefix(NODE *);
extern NODE *lreadlist(NODE *);
extern NODE *lreadword(NODE *);
extern NODE *lreadrawline(NODE *);
extern NODE *lreadchar(NODE *);
extern NODE *lreadchars(NODE *);
extern NODE *leofp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lkeyp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lreadpos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetreadpos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lwritepos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetwritepos(NODE *);
extern int readchar_lookahead_buf;
extern int need_save;
extern NODE *save_name;

/* coms.c */
extern NODE *make_cont(enum labels, NODE *);
extern NODE *loutput(NODE *);
extern NODE *lstop(NODE *);
extern NODE *lthrow(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcatch(NODE *);
extern NODE *lgoto(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltag(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnot(NODE *);
extern NODE *land(NODE *);
extern NODE *lor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lif(NODE *);
extern NODE *lifelse(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrun(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrunresult(NODE *);
extern NODE *pos_int_arg(NODE *);
extern int torf_arg(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrepeat(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrepcount(NODE *);
extern NODE *lforever(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltest(NODE *);
extern NODE *liftrue(NODE *);
extern NODE *liffalse(NODE *);
extern void prepare_to_exit(BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *lbye(NODE *);
extern NODE *lwait(NODE *);
extern NODE *lshell(NODE *);
NODE *runnable_arg(NODE *);

/* term.c */
#ifndef HAVE_WX
extern int x_coord, y_coord, x_max, y_max;
#endif
extern int interactive;
extern void term_init(void);
extern void charmode_on(void);
extern void charmode_off(void);
extern NODE *lcleartext(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcursor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetcursor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetmargins(NODE *);
extern NODE *lstandout(NODE *);

/* libloc.c */
extern char *libloc, *helploc, *cslsloc, *temploc, *separator;

/* paren.c */
extern NODE *the_generation;
extern void untreeify_proc(NODE *);
extern void make_tree_from_body(NODE *);
extern void make_tree(NODE *);
extern NODE *tree_dk_how;
extern void check_library(NODE *);

/* graphics.c */
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#ifndef IN_SPLITSCREEN
#define REMOVE_DEFINES 1
#define	IN_SPLITSCREEN		4
#define	IN_GRAPHICS_MODE	5
#endif
int wxGetInfo(int);
#define in_splitscreen wxGetInfo(IN_SPLITSCREEN)
#define in_graphics_mode wxGetInfo(IN_GRAPHICS_MODE)

#ifdef REMOVE_DEFINES
#undef IN_SPLITSCREEN
#undef IN_GRAPHICS_MODE
#endif
#endif
extern mode_type current_mode;
extern FLONUM turtle_x, turtle_y, turtle_heading, x_scale, y_scale;
extern BOOLEAN turtle_shown;
extern BOOLEAN refresh_p;
extern FIXNUM g_round(FLONUM);
void draw_turtle(void);
extern NODE *numeric_arg(NODE *);
extern NODE *lright(NODE *);
extern NODE *lleft(NODE *);
extern NODE *lforward(NODE *);
extern NODE *lback(NODE *);
extern NODE *lshowturtle(NODE *);
extern NODE *lhideturtle(NODE *);
extern NODE *lshownp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetheading(NODE *);
extern NODE *lheading(NODE *);
extern NODE *pos_int_vector_arg(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltowards(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lscrunch(NODE *);
extern NODE *lhome(NODE *);
extern NODE *lclearscreen(NODE *);
extern NODE *lclean(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetpos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetxy(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetx(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsety(NODE *);
extern NODE *lwrap(NODE *);
extern NODE *lfence(NODE *);
extern NODE *lwindow(NODE *);
extern NODE *lfill(NODE *);
#ifdef HAVE_WX
extern NODE *lfilled(NODE *);
#endif
extern NODE *llabel(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltextscreen(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsplitscreen(NODE *);
extern NODE *lfullscreen(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpendownp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpenmode(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpencolor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbackground(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpensize(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpenpattern(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpendown(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpenup(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpenpaint(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpenerase(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpenreverse(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetpencolor(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetbackground(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetpalette(NODE *);
extern NODE *lpalette(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetpensize(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetpenpattern(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetscrunch(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmousepos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lclickpos(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbuttonp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lbutton(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltone(NODE *);
extern NODE *larc(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrefresh(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnorefresh(NODE *);
extern NODE *lloadpict(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsavepict(NODE *);
extern NODE *lepspict(NODE *);
extern void redraw_graphics(void);
extern NODE *lscreenmode(NODE *);
extern NODE *lturtlemode(NODE *);
extern void fix_turtle_shownness(void);
extern enum s_md {SCREEN_TEXT, SCREEN_SPLIT, SCREEN_FULL} screen_mode;
#ifdef HAVE_WX
extern NODE *lprintpict(NODE *), *lprinttext(NODE *);
#endif

#ifdef mac

#define SIGQUIT SIGABRT

/* macterm.c */
extern void init_mac_memory(void);
extern BOOLEAN check_mac_stop(void);
extern void  term_init_mac(void);
extern void mac_gotoxy(int, int);
extern NODE *lsetwindowtitle(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsettextfont(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsettextsize(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsettextstyle(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetwindowsize(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetwindowxy(NODE *);
extern NODE *lnewconsole(NODE *);
extern NODE *lgraphtext(NODE *);
extern NODE *lregulartext(NODE *);
extern NODE *lcaninverse(NODE *);

extern BOOLEAN mac_edit();
#ifndef SYMANTEC_C
extern WindowPtr graphics_window, listener_window;
#endif
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WX
extern NODE *lfont(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetlabelheight(NODE *);
extern NODE *llabelsize(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsetfont(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsettextsize(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltextsize(NODE *);
extern NODE *set_text_color(NODE *);
#endif


#ifdef __RZTC__   /* ztcterm.c */
extern BOOLEAN in_graphics_mode, in_splitscreen;
extern int ibm_screen_bottom;
#include 
extern fg_coord_t MaxX, MaxY;
extern void outtext(char *);
extern void init_ibm_memory(void);
extern volatile int ctrl_c_count;
extern BOOLEAN check_ibm_stop(void);
extern void term_init_ibm(void);
extern void ibm_gotoxy(int, int);
extern void ibm_clear_text(void);
extern void ibm_clear_screen(void);
extern void ibm_plain_mode(void);
extern void ibm_bold_mode(void);
extern void erase_graphics_top(void);
extern void ztc_set_penc(FIXNUM);
extern void t_screen(void);
extern void s_screen(void);
extern void check_scroll(void);
extern void ztc_put_char(int);
extern void fix_cursor(void);
extern void zflush(void);
extern void newline_bugfix(void);
extern void ztc_getcr(void);
extern NODE *set_text_color(NODE *);
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WX
extern void init_wx(int, char**);
extern void printToScreen(char c, FILE * stream);
extern void flushFile(FILE * stream);
extern char getFromWX();
extern char getFromWX_2(FILE * f);
extern void wxLogoExit(int code);
extern void wxLogoSleep(unsigned int milli);
extern int wxUnget_c(int c, FILE * f);
extern void wxlPrintPict(void);
extern void wxlPrintPreviewPict(void);
extern void wxlPrintText(void);
extern void wxlPrintPreviewText(void);
extern NODE*IncreaseFont(void *);
extern NODE*DecreaseFont(void *);
extern int turtlePosition_x;
extern int turtlePosition_y;
#define SCREEN_WIDTH		1
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT		2
#define	BACK_GROUND			3
#define	IN_SPLITSCREEN		4
#define	IN_GRAPHICS_MODE	5
#define	X_COORD				6
#define	Y_COORD				7
#define X_MAX				8
#define Y_MAX				9
#define EDIT_STATE   	    10

// used for the text editor flag
#define NO_INFO 0
#define DO_LOAD	1
#define NO_LOAD 2
#else
extern int in_graphics_mode, in_splitscreen, cur_len, read_index;
#endif

#ifdef x_window
/* xgraphics.c */
extern void x_window_init(int, char **);
extern void check_X11_stop(void);
extern int clearing_screen;
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
/* Win32trm.c */

#undef WIN32_DEBUG

#undef CONSOLE

#ifdef WIN32_DEBUG
extern void WinDebug(char *);
#endif


extern char *read_line, buffered_char;
extern int char_mode;
extern int line_avail, char_avail;
extern void win32_advance_line(void);
extern char *eight_dot_three(char *);
extern BOOLEAN check_ibm_stop(void);
extern NODE* win32_lsetcursor(NODE *);
extern int win32_putc(int, FILE*);
extern void win32_charmode_off(void), win32_charmode_on(void);
extern void win32_repaint_screen(void);
extern void win32_clear_text(void);
extern void ibm_plain_mode(void);
extern void ibm_bold_mode(void);
extern void win32_update_text(void);
extern void moveto(int, int);
extern void lineto(int, int);
extern void draw_string(char *);
extern int win32_screen_bottom(void);
extern void win32_text_cursor(void);
extern NODE *set_text_color(NODE *);
extern void winDoPaste(void);
extern char *winPasteText;
extern NODE *maximize(NODE *);

#define SIGQUIT SIGABRT

#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WX
#define rd_putc printToScreen
#else
#ifdef WIN32
#define rd_putc win32_putc
#else /* !WIN32 */
#define rd_putc putc
#endif
#endif

#ifdef OBJECTS
/* obj.c */
extern NODE *logo_object, *current_object, *askexist;
extern void obj_init(void);
NODE *assoc(NODE *name, NODE *alist);

extern NODE *llogo(NODE *);
extern NODE *lsomething(NODE *);
extern NODE *lkindof(NODE *);
extern NODE *loneof(NODE *);
extern NODE *lexist(NODE *);
extern NODE *lhave(NODE *);
extern NODE *ltalkto(NODE *);
extern NODE *lask(NODE *);
extern NODE *lself(NODE *);
extern NODE *lparents(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmynames(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmynamep(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmyprocs(NODE *);
extern NODE *lmyprocp(NODE *);
extern NODE *lrepresentation(NODE *);

extern NODE *varValue(NODE *);
extern NODE *varInObjectHierarchy(NODE *, BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *varInThisObject(NODE *, BOOLEAN);
extern NODE *procValue(NODE *);
extern NODE *parent_list(NODE *);

#endif
ucblogo-6.1/eval.c0000664000175000017500000012035013575571772012231 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      eval.c          logo eval/apply module                  dko
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"

/* evaluator registers that need saving around evals */
struct registers regs;
NODE *Regs_Node;
int num_saved_nodes;
int inside_evaluator = 0;
NODE *eval_buttonact = NIL;

/* node-value registers that don't need saving */

NODE    *expresn = NIL,  /* the current expression */
	*val    = NIL,  /* the value of the last expression */
	*stack  = NIL,  /* register stack */
	*numstack = NIL,/* stack whose elements aren't objects */
	*parm   = NIL,  /* the current formal */
	*catch_tag = NIL,
	*arg    = NIL;  /* the current actual */

NODE
*var_stack	= NIL,	/* the stack of variables and their bindings */
*last_call	= NIL,	/* the last proc called */
*output_node    = NIL,	/* the output of the current function */
*output_unode	= NIL;	/* the unode in which we saw the output */

#define DEBUGGING 0

#if DEBUGGING
#define DEB_STACK 0	    /* set to 1 to log save/restore */
#define DEB_CONT 0	    /* set to 1 to log newcont/fetch_cont */

#define do_debug(x) \
    x(expresn) x(unev) x(val) x(didnt_get_output) x(didnt_output_name) x(fun) \
    x(proc)
#define deb_enum(x) \
    ndprintf(stdout, #x " = %s,  ", x);

void vs_print() {
    FIXNUM vs = val_status;
    int i;
    static char *vnames[] = {"VALUE_OK", "NO_VALUE_OK", "OUTPUT_OK",
			    "STOP_OK", "OUTPUT_TAIL", "STOP_TAIL"};
    static char *names[] = {"RUN", "STOP", "OUTPUT", "THROWING",
			    "MACRO_RETURN"};

    if (!varTrue(Redefp)) return;
    printf("Val_status = ");
    for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
	if (vs&1) {
	    printf(vnames[i]);
	    vs >>= 1;
	    if (vs != 0) printf("|");
	} else vs >>= 1;
	if (vs == 0) break; 
    }
    if (vs != 0) printf("0%o", vs<<6);
    printf(", stopping_flag = %s\n", names[stopping_flag]);
}

void debprint(char *name) {
    if (!varTrue(Redefp)) return;
    printf("%s: ", name);
    do_debug(deb_enum)
    vs_print();
    printf("current_unode=0x%x, output_unode=0x%x\n",current_unode,
	   output_unode);
}
#define debprint2(a,b) if (varTrue(Redefp)) ndprintf(stdout,a,b)
#else
#define debprint(name)
#define debprint2(a,b)
#define DEB_STACK 0
#define DEB_CONT 0
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include 
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

#if DEB_STACK
NODE *restname, *restline;
#define save(register) (    debprint2("saving " #register " = %s ", register), \
			    push(register, stack), \
			    push(make_intnode(__LINE__), stack), \
			    debprint2(" at line %s\n", car(stack)), \
			    push(make_static_strnode(#register), stack) )
#define restore(register) ( restname = car(stack), pop(stack), \
			    restline = car(stack), pop(stack), \
			    register = car(stack), pop(stack), \
			    ( (strcmp(getstrptr(restname), #register)) ? (\
				debprint2("*** Restoring " #register " but saved %s",\
					 restname), \
				debprint2(" at line %s! ***\n", restline) \
			    ) : 0), \
			    debprint2("restoring " #register " = %s ", register), \
			    debprint2(" at line %s\n", make_intnode(__LINE__)) )
#define save2(reg1,reg2) (  save(reg1), save(reg2)  )
#define restore2(reg1,reg2) ( restore(reg2), restore(reg1) )
#else
#define save(register)	    push(register, stack)
#define restore(register)   (register = car(stack), pop(stack))

#define save2(reg1,reg2)    (push(reg1,stack),stack->n_obj=reg2)
#define restore2(reg1,reg2) (reg2 = getobject(stack), \
			     reg1 = car(stack), pop(stack))
#endif

/* saving and restoring FIXNUMs rather than NODEs */

#define numsave(register)   numpush(register,&numstack)
#define numrestore(register) (register=(FIXNUM)car(numstack), numstack=cdr(numstack))

#define num2save(reg1,reg2) (numpush(reg1,&numstack),numstack->n_obj=(NODE *)reg2)
#define num2restore(reg1,reg2) (reg2=(FIXNUM)getobject(numstack), \
				reg1=(FIXNUM)car(numstack), numstack=cdr(numstack))

#if DEB_CONT
#define newcont(tag)	debprint("Newcont = " #tag); \
			 numsave(cont); cont = (FIXNUM)tag
#else
#define newcont(tag)	    (numsave(cont), cont = (FIXNUM)tag)
#endif

/* These variables are all externed in globals.h */

CTRLTYPE    stopping_flag = RUN;
char	    *logolib, *helpfiles, *csls;
FIXNUM	    dont_fix_ift = 0;

/* These variables are local to this file. */
static int trace_level = 0;	/* indentation level when tracing */

/* These first few functions are externed in globals.h */

void numpush(FIXNUM obj, NODE **stack) {
    NODE *temp = newnode(CONT); /*GC*/

    temp->n_car = (NODE *)obj;
    temp->n_cdr = *stack;
    *stack = temp;
}

/* forward declaration */
NODE *evaluator(NODE *list, enum labels where);

/* Evaluate a line of input. */
void eval_driver(NODE *line) {
    evaluator(line, begin_line);
}

/* Evaluate a sequence of expressions until we get a value to return.
 * (Called from erract.)
 */ 
NODE *err_eval_driver(NODE *seq, BOOLEAN recoverable) {
    val_status = (recoverable ? VALUE_OK : NO_VALUE_OK) |
		    (val_status & (OUTPUT_OK|STOP_OK));
    return evaluator(seq, begin_seq);
}

/* The logo word APPLY. */
NODE *lapply(NODE *args) {
    return make_cont(begin_apply, args);
}

/* The logo word ? . */
NODE *lqm(NODE *args) {
    FIXNUM argnum = 1, i;
    NODE *np = qm_list;

    if (args != NIL) argnum = getint(pos_int_arg(args));
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) return(UNBOUND);
    i = argnum;
    while (--i > 0 && np != NIL) np = cdr(np);
    if (np == NIL)
	return(err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC,make_intnode(argnum)));
    return(car(np));
}

/* The rest of the functions are local to this file. */

/* Warn the user if a local variable shadows a global one. */
void tell_shadow(NODE *arg) {
    if (flag__caseobj(arg, VAL_STEPPED))
	err_logo(SHADOW_WARN, arg);
}

/* Check if a local variable is already in this frame */
int not_local(NODE *name, NODE *sp) {
    for ( ; sp != var; sp = cdr(sp)) {
	if (compare_node(car(sp),name,TRUE) == 0) {
	    return FALSE;
	}
    }
    return TRUE;
}

/* reverse a list destructively */
NODE *reverse(NODE *list) {
    NODE *ret = NIL, *temp;

    while (list != NIL) {
	temp = list;
	list = cdr(list);
	setcdr(temp, ret);
	ret = temp;
    }
    return ret;
}

/* nondestructive append */
NODE *append(NODE *a, NODE *b) {
    if (a == NIL) return b;
    return cons(car(a), append(cdr(a), b));
}

/* nondestructive flatten */
NODE *flatten(NODE *a) {
    if (a == NIL) return NIL;
    return append(car(a), flatten(cdr(a)));
}

/* Reset the var stack to the previous place holder.
 */
void reset_args(NODE *old_stack) {
    for (; var_stack != old_stack; pop(var_stack)) {
	if (nodetype(var_stack) & NT_LOCAL)
	    setflag__caseobj(car(var_stack), IS_LOCAL_VALUE);
	else
	    clearflag__caseobj(car(var_stack), IS_LOCAL_VALUE);
	setvalnode__caseobj(car(var_stack), getobject(var_stack));
    }
}

NODE *bf3(NODE *name) {
    NODE *string = cnv_node_to_strnode(name);
    return make_strnode(getstrptr(string)+3, getstrhead(string),
			getstrlen(string)-3, nodetype(string), strcpy);
}

NODE *deep_copy(NODE *expresn) {
    NODE *val, **p, **q;
    FIXNUM arridx;

    if (expresn == NIL) return NIL;
    else if (is_list(expresn)) {
	val = cons(deep_copy(car(expresn)), deep_copy(cdr(expresn)));
	val->n_obj = deep_copy(expresn->n_obj);
	settype(val, nodetype(expresn));
    } else if (nodetype(expresn) == ARRAY) {
	val = make_array(getarrdim(expresn));
	setarrorg(val, getarrorg(expresn));
	for (p = getarrptr(expresn), q = getarrptr(val), arridx=0;
	     arridx < getarrdim(expresn); arridx++, p++)
	*q++ = deep_copy(*p);
    } else val = expresn;
    return val;
}

int in_eval_save = 0;

void eval_save() {
    push(NIL, stack);
    int_during_gc = 0;
    in_eval_save = 1;
    settype(stack, STACK);
    stack->n_car = (NODE *)malloc(sizeof(regs));
    if (car(stack) == NULL) {
	err_logo(OUT_OF_MEM_UNREC, NIL);
    } else {
	memcpy(car(stack), ®s, sizeof(regs));
    }
    in_eval_save = 0;
    if (int_during_gc != 0) {
	delayed_int();
    }
}

void eval_restore() {
    int_during_gc = 0;
    in_eval_save = 1;
    memcpy(®s, car(stack), sizeof(regs));
    pop(stack);
    in_eval_save = 0;
    if (int_during_gc != 0) {
	delayed_int();
    }
}

/*
 #ifdef OBJECTS

NODE *val_eval_driver(NODE *seq) {
    val_status = VALUE_OK;
    return evaluator(seq, begin_seq);
}

 #endif
*/

/* An explicit control evaluator, taken almost directly from SICP, section
 * 5.2.  list is a flat list of expressions to evaluate.  where is a label to
 * begin at.  Return value depends on where.
 */ 
NODE *evaluator(NODE *list, enum labels where) {

    FIXNUM  cont   = 0;	    /* where to go next */
    int i;
    BOOLEAN tracing = FALSE; /* are we tracing the current procedure? */
	
    inside_evaluator++;
    eval_save();
    var = var_stack;
    newcont(all_done);
    newcont(where);
    goto fetch_cont;

all_done:
    reset_args(var);
    eval_restore();
    if (dont_fix_ift) {
        ift_iff_flag = dont_fix_ift-1;
        dont_fix_ift = 0;
    }
inside_evaluator--;
return(val);

begin_line:
    this_line = list;
    val_status = NO_VALUE_OK;
    newcont(end_line);
begin_seq:
    debprint("begin_seq");
    make_tree(list);
    if (!is_tree(list)) {
	val = UNBOUND;
	goto fetch_cont;
    }
    unev = tree__tree(list);
    goto eval_sequence;

end_line:
    if (val != UNBOUND) {
	if (NOT_THROWING) err_logo(DK_WHAT, val);
    }
/*    val = NIL;    */
    goto fetch_cont;


/* ----------------- EVAL ---------------------------------- */
/* Get here for actual argument, from eval_sequence (non-tail), or
   from tail call. */

tail_eval_dispatch:
    tailcall = 1;
eval_dispatch:
    debprint("eval_dispatch");
    switch (nodetype(expresn)) {
	case QUOTE:			/* quoted literal */
	    val = /* deep_copy */ (node__quote(expresn));
	    goto fetch_cont;
	case COLON:			/* variable */

#ifdef OBJECTS
	    val = varValue(node__colon(expresn));
#else
	    val = valnode__colon(expresn);
#endif
	    while (val == UNBOUND && NOT_THROWING)
		val = err_logo(NO_VALUE, node__colon(expresn));
	    goto fetch_cont;
	case CONS:			/* procedure application */
	    if (tailcall == 1 && is_macro(car(expresn)) &&
				 (is_list(procnode__caseobj(car(expresn)))
		   || isName(car(expresn), Name_goto))) {
		/* tail call to user-defined macro must be treated as non-tail
		 * because the expression returned by the macro
		 * remains to be evaluated in the caller's context */
		unev = NIL;
		goto non_tail_eval;
	    }
	    fun = car(expresn);
	    if (fun == Not_Enough_Node) {
		err_logo(TOO_MUCH, NIL);    /* When does this happen? */
		val = UNBOUND;
		goto fetch_cont;
	    }
	    if (flag__caseobj(fun, PROC_SPECFORM)) {
		argl = cdr(expresn);
		goto apply_dispatch;
	    }
	    if (cdr(expresn) != NIL)
		goto ev_application;
	    else
		goto ev_no_args;
	case ARRAY:			/* array must be copied */
	    val = deep_copy(expresn);
	    goto fetch_cont;
	default:
	    val = expresn;		/* self-evaluating */
	    goto fetch_cont;
    }

ev_no_args:
    /* Evaluate an application of a procedure with no arguments. */
    argl = NIL;
    goto apply_dispatch;    /* apply the procedure */

ev_application:
    /* Evaluate an application of a procedure with arguments. */
    unev = cdr(expresn);
    argl = NIL;
eval_arg_loop:
    debprint("eval_arg_loop");
    if (unev == NIL) goto eval_args_done;
    expresn = car(unev);
    if (expresn == Not_Enough_Node) {
	if (NOT_THROWING)
	    err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH, NIL);
	goto eval_args_done;
    }
arg_from_macro:
    if (nodetype(expresn) != CONS) {    /* Don't bother saving registers */
	newcont(after_const_arg);    /* if the expresn isn't a proc call */
	goto eval_dispatch;
    }
    eval_save();
    save(current_unode);
    var = var_stack;
    tailcall = -1;
    didnt_output_name = NIL;
    didnt_get_output = cons_list(0, fun, ufun, this_line, END_OF_LIST);
    val_status = VALUE_OK;
	/* in case of apply or catch */
    newcont(accumulate_arg);
    goto eval_dispatch;	    /* evaluate the current argument */

accumulate_arg:
    debprint("accumulate_arg");
    /* Put the evaluated argument into the argl list. */
    reset_args(var);
    restore(current_unode);
    last_call = fun;
    if (current_unode != output_unode) {
	if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
	if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	    val = output_node;
	}
    }
    if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
	didnt_output_name = NIL;
	err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, fun);
    }
    while (NOT_THROWING && val == UNBOUND) {
	val = err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, NIL);
    }
    eval_restore();
    if (stopping_flag == MACRO_RETURN) {
	if (val == NIL || val == UNBOUND || cdr(val) != NIL) {
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		if (tree_dk_how != NIL && tree_dk_how != UNBOUND)
		    err_logo(DK_HOW_UNREC, tree_dk_how);
		else

		    err_logo((val!=NIL && val!=UNBOUND) ?
				 RUNNABLE_ARG : ERR_MACRO, val);
	    }
	    goto eval_args_done;
	}
	expresn = car(val);
	stopping_flag = RUN;
	goto arg_from_macro;
    }
after_const_arg:
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) goto eval_args_done;
    push(val, argl);
    pop(unev);
    goto eval_arg_loop;

eval_args_done:
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) {
	val = UNBOUND;
	goto fetch_cont;
    }
    argl = reverse(argl);
/* --------------------- APPLY ---------------------------- */
apply_dispatch:
    debprint("apply_dispatch");
    /* Load in the procedure's definition and decide whether it's a compound
     * procedure or a primitive procedure.
     */
#ifdef OBJECTS
    extern NODE* procValueWithParent(NODE*, NODE**);
    NODE* parent = (NODE*)0;
    proc = procValueWithParent(fun, &parent);
    if (proc != UNDEFINED && parent != 0){ 
      usual_parent = parent;
    }
#else
    proc = procnode__caseobj(fun);
#endif

    if (is_macro(fun)) {
	num2save(val_status,tailcall);
	save2(didnt_get_output,current_unode);
	didnt_get_output = the_generation; /* (cons nil nil) */
	    /* We want a value, but not as actual arg */
	newcont(macro_return);
    }

#ifdef OBJECTS
    
    if (proc == UNDEFINED) {	/* for usual.foo support */
      /* The function(fun) may be of the form usual.foo, in which case
       * "usual." should be stripped away, and "foo" should be 
       * resolved in the parent(s) of the current object
       */
      extern NODE *parent_list(NODE *obj);
      NODE *string = cnv_node_to_strnode(fun);

      // first rule out all words shorter than 8 chars
      if (getstrlen(string) > 6) {
	// check to see if name begins with "usual."
	if (!low_strncmp(getstrptr(string), "usual.", 6)){
	  usual_caller = current_object;
	  NODE* parent = (NODE*)0;
	  proc = getInheritedProcWithParent(make_strnode(getstrptr(string) + 6,
					       getstrhead(string),
					       getstrlen(string) - 6,
					       nodetype(string),
					       strnzcpy),
					    usual_parent,
					    &parent);
	 
	  // if a proc was found, usual_parent needs to be updated
	  // to avoid infinite loops when usual is called multiple times
	  if (proc != UNDEFINED) {
      	    usual_parent = parent;
	  }
	}
      }
    }
#endif


    if (proc == UNDEFINED) {	/* 5.0 punctuationless variables */
	if (!varTrue(AllowGetSet)) {    /* No getter/setter allowed, punt */
	    val = err_logo(DK_HOW, fun);
	    goto fetch_cont;
	} else if (argl == NIL) {	/* possible var getter */
	    val = valnode__caseobj(fun);
	    if (val == UNBOUND && NOT_THROWING)
		val = err_logo(DK_HOW, fun);
	    else if (val != UNBOUND) {
		(void)ldefine(cons(fun, cons(
		   cons(NIL,cons(cons(theName(Name_output),
				      cons(make_colon(fun),NIL)),
				 NIL)),
		  NIL)));    /* make real proc so no disk load next time */
		setflag__caseobj(fun,PROC_BURIED);
	    }
	    goto fetch_cont;
	} else {		/* var setter */
	    NODE *name = intern(bf3(fun));
	    if (valnode__caseobj(name) == UNBOUND &&
		!(flag__caseobj(name, (HAS_GLOBAL_VALUE|IS_LOCAL_VALUE)))) {
		    val = err_logo(DK_HOW, fun);
		    goto fetch_cont;
	    }
	    (void)ldefine(cons(fun, cons(
		cons(Listvalue,
		     cons(cons(Make,
			       cons(make_quote(bf3(fun)),
				    cons(Dotsvalue,NIL))),
			  NIL))
		,NIL)));
	    setflag__caseobj(fun,PROC_BURIED);
	    argl = cons(bf3(fun), argl);
	    if (NOT_THROWING)
		val = lmake(argl);
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
    }
    if (is_list(proc)) goto compound_apply;
    /* primitive_apply */
    debprint("primitive_apply");
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if ((tracing = flag__caseobj(fun, PROC_TRACED))) {
	    for (i = 0; i < trace_level; i++) {
		print_space(stdout);
	    }
	    ndprintf(stdout, "( %s ", fun);
	    if (argl != NIL) {
		arg = argl;
		while (arg != NIL) {
		    print_node(stdout, maybe_quote(car(arg)));
		    print_space(stdout);
		    arg = cdr(arg);
		}
	    }
		print_char(stdout, ')');
	    new_line(stdout);
	}
	val = (*getprimfun(proc))(argl);
        if (tracing && NOT_THROWING) {
	    for (i = 0; i < trace_level; i++) {
		print_space(stdout);
	    }
	    print_node(stdout, fun);
	    if (val == UNBOUND)
	        ndprintf(stdout, " %t\n", message_texts[TRACE_STOPS]);
	    else {
	        ndprintf(stdout, " %t %s\n", message_texts[TRACE_OUTPUTS],
					     maybe_quote(val));
	    }
        }
    } else
	val = UNBOUND;
	/* falls into fetch_cont */

#if DEB_CONT
#define do_case(x) case x: debprint("Fetch_cont = " #x); goto x;
#else
#define do_case(x) case x: goto x;
#endif

fetch_cont:
    {
	enum labels x = (enum labels)cont;
	cont = (FIXNUM)car(numstack);
	numstack=cdr(numstack);
	switch (x) {
	    do_list(do_case)
	    default: abort();
	}
    }


/* ----------------- COMPOUND_APPLY ---------------------------------- */

compound_apply:
    debprint("compound_apply");
#ifdef mac
    check_mac_stop();
#endif
#ifdef ibm
    check_ibm_stop();
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    check_wx_stop(0);
#endif
    if ((tracing = flag__caseobj(fun, PROC_TRACED))) {
	for (i = 0; i < trace_level; i++) print_space(writestream);
	trace_level++;
	ndprintf(writestream, "( %s ", fun);
    }
/* Bind the actuals to the formals */
lambda_apply:
    vsp = var_stack;	/* remember where we came in */
    for (formals = formals__procnode(proc);
    	 formals != NIL;
	 formals = cdr(formals)) {
	    parm = car(formals);
	    if (nodetype(parm) == INT) break;	/* default # args */
	    if (argl != NIL) {
		arg = car(argl);
		if (tracing) {
		    print_node(writestream, maybe_quote(arg));
		    print_space(writestream);
		}
	    } else
		arg = UNBOUND;
	    if (nodetype(parm) == CASEOBJ) {
		if (not_local(parm,vsp)) {
		    push(parm, var_stack);
		    if (flag__caseobj(parm, IS_LOCAL_VALUE))
			settype(var_stack, LOCALSAVE);
		    var_stack->n_obj = valnode__caseobj(parm);
		    setflag__caseobj(parm, IS_LOCAL_VALUE);
		}
		tell_shadow(parm);
		setvalnode__caseobj(parm, arg);
		if (arg == UNBOUND)
		    err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH, fun);
	    } else if (nodetype(parm) == CONS) {
		/* parm is optional or rest */
		if (not_local(car(parm),vsp)) {
		    push(car(parm), var_stack);
		    if (flag__caseobj(car(parm), IS_LOCAL_VALUE))
			settype(var_stack, LOCALSAVE);
		    var_stack->n_obj = valnode__caseobj(car(parm));
		    setflag__caseobj(car(parm), IS_LOCAL_VALUE);
		}
		tell_shadow(car(parm));
		if (cdr(parm) == NIL) {		    /* parm is rest */
		    setvalnode__caseobj(car(parm), argl);
		    if (tracing) {
			if (argl != NIL) pop(argl);
			while (argl != NIL) {
			    arg = car(argl);
			    print_node(writestream, maybe_quote(arg));
			    print_space(writestream);
			    pop(argl);
			}
		    } else argl = NIL;
		    break;
		}
		if (arg == UNBOUND) {		    /* use default */
		    eval_save();
		    save(current_unode);
		    var = var_stack;
		    tailcall = -1;
		    list = cdr(parm);
		    didnt_get_output = cons_list(0, fun, ufun,
						 list, END_OF_LIST);
		    didnt_output_name = NIL;
		    if (NOT_THROWING)
			make_tree(list);
		    else
			list = NIL;
		    if (!is_tree(list)) {
			val = UNBOUND;
			goto set_args_continue;
		    }
		    unev = tree__tree(list);
		    val = UNBOUND;
		    expresn = car(unev);
		    pop(unev);
		    if (unev != NIL) {
			err_logo(BAD_DEFAULT, parm);
			val = UNBOUND;
			goto set_args_continue;
		    }
		    newcont(set_args_continue);
		    goto eval_dispatch;

set_args_continue:
		    if (stopping_flag == MACRO_RETURN) {
			if (val == NIL || val == UNBOUND || cdr(val) != NIL) {
			    if (NOT_THROWING)
				err_logo((val!=NIL && val!=UNBOUND) ?
				 RUNNABLE_ARG : ERR_MACRO, val);
			} else {
			    reset_args(var);
			    expresn = car(val);
			    stopping_flag = RUN;
			    didnt_get_output = cons_list(0, fun, ufun,
							 list, END_OF_LIST);
			    didnt_output_name = NIL;
			    tailcall = -1;
			    newcont(set_args_continue);
			    goto eval_dispatch;
			}
		    }
		    restore(current_unode);
		    last_call = fun;
		    if (current_unode != output_unode) {
			if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
			if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
			    stopping_flag = RUN;
			    val = output_node;
			}
		    }
		    if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
			didnt_output_name = NIL;
			err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, fun);
		    }
		    while (NOT_THROWING && val == UNBOUND) {
			val = err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, NIL);
		    }
		    reset_args(var);
		    eval_restore();
		    parm = car(formals);
		    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) {
			val = UNBOUND;
			goto fetch_cont;
		    }
		    arg = val;
		}
		setvalnode__caseobj(car(parm), arg);
	    }
	    if (argl != NIL) pop(argl);
    }
    if (argl != NIL) {
	err_logo(TOO_MUCH, fun);
    }
    if (check_throwing) {
	val = UNBOUND;
	goto fetch_cont;
    }
    vsp = NIL;
    if ((tracing = !is_list(fun) && flag__caseobj(fun, PROC_TRACED))) {
	if (NOT_THROWING) print_char(writestream, ')');
	new_line(writestream);
	save(fun);
	newcont(compound_apply_continue);
    }
    last_ufun = ufun;
    if (!is_list(fun)) ufun = fun;
    last_line = this_line;
    this_line = NIL;
/*    proc = (is_list(fun) ? anonymous_function(fun) : procnode__caseobj(fun)); */
/*  If that's uncommented, begin_apply must get proc from fun, not expresn  */
    list = bodylist__procnode(proc);	/* get the body ... */
    make_tree_from_body(list);
    if (!is_tree(list) || treepair__tree(list)==NIL) {
	val = UNBOUND;
	goto fetch_cont;
    }
    debprint("treeified body");
/*    printf("list = 0x%x = ",list); dbprint(list); */
    unev = tree__tree(list);
    if (NOT_THROWING) stopping_flag = RUN;
    output_node = UNBOUND;
    if (didnt_get_output == UNBOUND)
	val_status = NO_VALUE_OK | STOP_OK | STOP_TAIL;
    else if (didnt_get_output == NIL)
	val_status = NO_VALUE_OK | STOP_OK | STOP_TAIL |
		     OUTPUT_OK | OUTPUT_TAIL;
    else val_status = OUTPUT_OK | OUTPUT_TAIL;
    if (didnt_output_name == NIL) didnt_output_name = fun;
    current_unode = cons(NIL,NIL);  /* a marker for this proc call */

/* ----------------- EVAL_SEQUENCE ---------------------------------- */
/* Fall through from proc body, call from start or fsubr argument */

eval_sequence:
    debprint("eval_sequence");
    /* Evaluate each expression in the sequence.
       Most of the complexity is in recognizing tail calls.
     */
    if (eval_buttonact != NIL) {
	make_tree(eval_buttonact);
	if (NOT_THROWING) {
	    if (is_tree(eval_buttonact)) {
		unev = append(tree__tree(eval_buttonact), unev);
		eval_buttonact = NIL;
	    }
	}
    }
    if (!RUNNING) goto fetch_cont;
    if (nodetype(unev) == LINE) {
	if (the_generation != (generation__line(unev))) {
	    /* something redefined while we're running */
	    int linenum = 0;
	    this_line = tree__tree(bodylist__procnode(proc));
	    while (this_line != unev) {
		/* If redef isn't end of line, don't try to fix,
		   but don't blow up either. (Maybe not called from here.) */
		if (this_line == NULL) goto nofix;
		if (nodetype(this_line) == LINE) linenum++;
		this_line = cdr(this_line);
	    }
	    untreeify_proc(proc);
	    make_tree_from_body(bodylist__procnode(proc));
	    unev = tree__tree(bodylist__procnode(proc));
	    while (--linenum >= 0) {
		do pop(unev);
		while (unev != NIL && nodetype(unev) != LINE);
	    }
	}
nofix:	this_line = unparsed__line(unev);
	if (ufun != NIL && flag__caseobj(ufun, PROC_STEPPED)) {
	    if (tracing) {
		int i = 1;
		while (i++ < trace_level) print_space(stdout);
	    }
	    print_node(stdout, this_line);
	    (void)reader(stdin, " >>> ");
	}
    }
    expresn = car(unev);
    pop(unev);
    if (expresn != NIL &&
        is_list(expresn) && (is_tailform(procnode__caseobj(car(expresn))))) {
      i = (int)getprimpri(procnode__caseobj(car(expresn)));
      if (i == OUTPUT_PRIORITY) {
	if (cadr(expresn) == Not_Enough_Node) {
	    err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH,car(expresn));
	    val = UNBOUND;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
	didnt_output_name = NIL;
	if (val_status & OUTPUT_TAIL) {
	    didnt_get_output = cons_list(0,car(expresn),ufun,this_line,
					 END_OF_LIST);
	    fun = car(expresn);
	    expresn = cadr(expresn);
	    val_status = VALUE_OK;
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	} else if (val_status & OUTPUT_OK) {
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	} else if (ufun == NIL) {
	    err_logo(AT_TOPLEVEL,car(expresn));
	    val = UNBOUND;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	} else if (val_status & STOP_OK) {
	    didnt_get_output = cons_list(0,car(expresn),ufun,this_line,
					 END_OF_LIST);
	    val_status = VALUE_OK;
	    expresn = cadr(expresn);
	    newcont(op_want_stop);
	    goto eval_dispatch;
op_want_stop:
	    if (NOT_THROWING) err_logo(DK_WHAT_UP, val);
	    goto fetch_cont;
	} else if (val_status & VALUE_OK) {
	    /* pr apply [output ?] [3] */
	    debprint("Op with VALUE_OK");
	    didnt_output_name = fun;
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	} else {
	    debprint("Op with none of the above");
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	}
      } else if (i == STOP_PRIORITY) {
	if (ufun == NIL) {
	    err_logo(AT_TOPLEVEL,car(expresn));
	} else if (val_status & STOP_TAIL) {
	} else if (val_status & STOP_OK) {
	    stopping_flag = STOP;
	    output_unode = current_unode;
	} else if (val_status & OUTPUT_OK) {
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		if (didnt_get_output == NIL || didnt_get_output == UNBOUND) {
		/*  actually can happen: PRINT FOREACH ...
		    will give didn't output message uplevel  */
		} else
		    err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, NIL);
	    }
	} else {    /* show runresult [stop] inside a procedure */
	    didnt_output_name = car(expresn);
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		if (didnt_get_output == NIL || didnt_get_output == UNBOUND) {
		/*  actually can happen: STOP during PAUSE */
		    err_logo(AT_TOPLEVEL, car(expresn));
		} else
		    err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, NIL);
	    }
	}
	val = UNBOUND;
	goto fetch_cont;
      } else { /* maybeoutput */
	debprint("maybeoutput");
	if (cadr(expresn) == Not_Enough_Node) {
	    err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH,car(expresn));
	    val = UNBOUND;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
	if (ufun == NIL) {
	    err_logo(AT_TOPLEVEL,car(expresn));
	    val = UNBOUND;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
	if (val_status & OUTPUT_TAIL) {
	    didnt_output_name = NIL;
	    if (val_status & STOP_TAIL) {
		expresn = cadr(expresn);
		didnt_get_output = NIL;
		val_status = VALUE_OK | NO_VALUE_OK;
	    } else {
		didnt_get_output = cons_list(0,car(expresn),ufun,
					     this_line,END_OF_LIST);
		expresn = cadr(expresn);
		val_status = VALUE_OK;
	    }
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	} else if (val_status & OUTPUT_OK) {
	    didnt_output_name = NIL;
	    if (val_status & STOP_OK) {
		didnt_get_output = NIL;
		val_status = NO_VALUE_OK | VALUE_OK;
		expresn = cadr(expresn);
		newcont(after_maybeoutput);
		goto eval_dispatch;
after_maybeoutput:
		if (val == UNBOUND)
		    lstop(NIL);
		else
		    loutput(cons(val, NIL));
		goto fetch_cont;
	    } else {
		goto eval_dispatch;
	    }
	} else if (val_status & STOP_TAIL) {
	    expresn = cadr(expresn);
	    didnt_get_output = UNBOUND;
	    val_status = NO_VALUE_OK;
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	} else if (val_status & STOP_OK) {
	    expresn = cadr(expresn);
	    didnt_get_output = UNBOUND;
	    val_status = NO_VALUE_OK;
	    newcont(after_maybeoutput);
	    goto eval_dispatch;
	} else {
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	}
      }
    }

    if (unev == NIL) {	/* falling off tail of sequence */
	debprint("falling off");
	if (val_status & NO_VALUE_OK) {
	    if (val_status & VALUE_OK)	/* from runresult */
		didnt_get_output = NIL;
	    else
		didnt_get_output = UNBOUND;
	} else if (val_status & VALUE_OK) {
	} else if (val_status & OUTPUT_OK) {
next_stop_want_output:
	    save(didnt_get_output);
	    didnt_get_output = UNBOUND;
	    val_status &= ~OUTPUT_TAIL;
	    newcont(fall_off_want_output);
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
fall_off_want_output:
	    restore(didnt_get_output);
	    if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT) {
		goto fetch_cont;    /* repeat body did output */
	    }
	    if (NOT_THROWING && val != UNBOUND) {
		/* Don't allow just value expr w/o OUTPUT */
		err_logo(DK_WHAT, val);
	    }
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
	goto tail_eval_dispatch;
    }

    if (car(unev) != NIL && is_list(car(unev)) &&   /* next is STOP */
	  (is_tailform(procnode__caseobj(car(car(unev))))) &&
	  getprimpri(procnode__caseobj(car(car(unev)))) == STOP_PRIORITY) {
	if (val_status & STOP_TAIL) {
	    didnt_get_output = UNBOUND;
	    goto tail_eval_dispatch;
	} else if (val_status & STOP_OK) {
	    goto non_tail_eval;
	} else if (val_status & OUTPUT_OK) {
	    goto next_stop_want_output;
	}   /* else treat as non-tail and the STOP will be caught later */
    }

non_tail_eval:
    debprint("non_tail_eval");
    if (nodetype(expresn) != CONS) {    /* Don't bother saving registers */
	newcont(after_constant);    /* if the expresn isn't a proc call */
	goto eval_dispatch;
    }
    eval_save();
    didnt_get_output = UNBOUND;    /* tell EVAL we don't want a value */
    tailcall = 0;
    if (nodetype(expresn) == CONS && is_prim(procnode__caseobj(car(expresn)))) {
	newcont(no_reset_args);	    /* primitive */
    } else {
	var = var_stack;
	newcont(eval_sequence_continue);
    }
    goto eval_dispatch;

eval_sequence_continue:
    reset_args(var);
no_reset_args:	/* allows catch "foo [local ...] to work */
    eval_restore();
    if (dont_fix_ift) {
	ift_iff_flag = dont_fix_ift-1;
	dont_fix_ift = 0;
    }
    debprint("eval_sequence_continue");
    if (stopping_flag == MACRO_RETURN) {
	if (val != NIL && is_list(val) && (isName(car(val), Name_tag)))
	    unev = cdr(val);	/* from goto */
	else
	    unev = append(val, unev);
	val = UNBOUND;
	stopping_flag = RUN;
	if (unev == NIL) goto fetch_cont;
    } else {
	if (current_unode != output_unode) {
	    if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
	    if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
		stopping_flag = RUN;
		val = output_node;
		goto fetch_cont;
	    }
	}
    }
after_constant:
    if (val != UNBOUND && NOT_THROWING) {
	err_logo(DK_WHAT, val);
	val = UNBOUND;
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING && unev == NIL) {
	goto fetch_cont;
    }
    goto eval_sequence;

compound_apply_continue:
    /* Only get here if tracing */
    restore(parm);  /* saved from fun */
    --trace_level;
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	for (i = 0; i < trace_level; i++) print_space(writestream);
	print_node(writestream, parm);
	if (val == UNBOUND)
	    ndprintf(writestream, " %t\n", message_texts[TRACE_STOPS]);
	else {
	    ndprintf(writestream, " %t %s\n", message_texts[TRACE_OUTPUTS],
					      maybe_quote(val));
	}
    }
    goto fetch_cont;

/* --------------------- MACROS ---------------------------- */

macro_return:
    restore2(didnt_get_output,current_unode);
    num2restore(val_status,tailcall);
    debprint("macro_return");
    if (current_unode != output_unode) {
	if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
	if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	    val = output_node;
	}
    }
    while (!is_list(val) && NOT_THROWING) {
	val = err_logo(ERR_MACRO,val);
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (didnt_get_output != UNBOUND)
	    didnt_output_name = fun;
	if (is_cont(val)) {
	    newcont(cont__cont(val));
	    val = val__cont(val);
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
	if (tailcall <= 0) {
	    list = val;
	    make_tree(list);
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		stopping_flag = MACRO_RETURN;
		if (!is_tree(list)) val = NIL;
		else val = tree__tree(list);
	    } else val = UNBOUND;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
	list = val;
	goto begin_seq;
    }
    val = UNBOUND;
    goto fetch_cont;

#define RUNRESULT_OUTPUT_LEGAL 0

runresult_continuation:
    list = val;
#if RUNRESULT_OUTPUT_LEGAL
    val_status |= VALUE_OK | NO_VALUE_OK;
    val_status &= ~(STOP_TAIL | OUTPUT_TAIL);
#else
    val_status = VALUE_OK | NO_VALUE_OK | OUTPUT_OK | STOP_OK;
    /* output and stop are not okay, but we give our own err message */
#endif
    save(current_unode);
    newcont(runresult_followup);
    goto begin_seq;

runresult_followup:
    restore(current_unode);
    debprint("runresult_followup");
    if (current_unode != output_unode) {
	if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
	if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	    val = output_node;
	}
    }
    if (STOPPING || stopping_flag == OUTPUT)
	err_logo(RUNRES_STOP, NIL);
    if (val == UNBOUND) {
	val = NIL;
    } else {
	val = cons(val, NIL);
    }
    goto fetch_cont;

repeat_continuation:
    list = cdr(val);
    num2save(repcount,user_repcount);
    repcount = getint(car(val));
    user_repcount = 0;
repeat_again:
    val = UNBOUND;
    if (repcount == 0) {
repeat_done:
	num2restore(repcount,user_repcount);
	goto fetch_cont;
    }
    user_repcount++;
    save2(list,var);
    var = var_stack;
    num2save(repcount,user_repcount);
    num2save(val_status,tailcall);
    val_status &= ~(VALUE_OK|OUTPUT_TAIL|STOP_TAIL);
    if (tailcall == 0) val_status |= NO_VALUE_OK;   /* embedded repeat */
    newcont(repeat_followup);
    goto begin_seq;

repeat_followup:
    if (val != UNBOUND && NOT_THROWING) {
	err_logo(DK_WHAT, val);
    }
    num2restore(val_status,tailcall);
    num2restore(repcount,user_repcount);
    reset_args(var);
    restore2(list,var);
    if (current_unode != output_unode) {
	debprint("rep_foll tailcall");
	if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
	if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	    val = output_node;
	    goto repeat_done;
	}
    }
    if (repcount > 0)    /* negative means forever */
	--repcount;
#ifdef mac
    check_mac_stop();
#endif
#ifdef ibm
    check_ibm_stop();
#endif
    if (RUNNING) goto repeat_again;
    val = UNBOUND;
    goto repeat_done;

catch_continuation:
    list = cdr(val);
    catch_tag = car(val);
    if (isName(catch_tag, Name_error)) {
	push(Erract, var_stack);
	if (flag__caseobj(Erract, IS_LOCAL_VALUE))
	    settype(var_stack, LOCALSAVE);
	var_stack->n_obj = valnode__caseobj(Erract);
	setflag__caseobj(Erract, IS_LOCAL_VALUE);
	setvalnode__caseobj(Erract, UNBOUND);
    }
    save2(didnt_output_name,didnt_get_output);
    num2save(val_status,tailcall);
    save2(current_unode,catch_tag);
    newcont(catch_followup);
    val_status &= ~(STOP_TAIL | OUTPUT_TAIL);
    goto begin_seq;

catch_followup:
    restore2(current_unode,catch_tag);
    num2restore(val_status,tailcall);
    restore2(didnt_output_name,didnt_get_output);
    if (current_unode != output_unode) {
	if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
	if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	    val = output_node;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING && val != UNBOUND && !(val_status & VALUE_OK))
	err_logo(DK_WHAT, val);
    if (stopping_flag == THROWING &&
	((compare_node(throw_node, catch_tag, TRUE) == 0) ||
	 (isName(throw_node, Name_error) && isName(catch_tag, Name_error)))) {
	    throw_node = UNBOUND;
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	    val = output_node;
    }
    goto fetch_cont;

#ifdef OBJECTS

withobject_continuation:
    save2(didnt_output_name,didnt_get_output);
    num2save(val_status,tailcall);
    save2(current_unode,current_object);
    newcont(withobject_followup);
    current_object = car(val);
    usual_parent = current_object;
    newcont(cont__cont(cdr(val)));
    list = val = val__cont(cdr(val));
    val_status &= ~(STOP_TAIL | OUTPUT_TAIL);
    goto fetch_cont;

withobject_followup:
    restore2(current_unode,current_object);
    num2restore(val_status,tailcall);
    restore2(didnt_output_name,didnt_get_output);
    usual_parent = current_object;
    if (current_unode != output_unode) {
	if (STOPPING || RUNNING) output_node = UNBOUND;
	if (stopping_flag == OUTPUT || STOPPING) {
	    stopping_flag = RUN;
	    val = output_node;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING && val != UNBOUND && !(val_status & VALUE_OK))
	err_logo(DK_WHAT, val);
    goto fetch_cont;

#endif /* OBJECTS */

goto_continuation:
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (ufun == NIL) {
	    err_logo(AT_TOPLEVEL, theName(Name_goto));
	    val = UNBOUND;
	    goto fetch_cont;
	}
	proc = procnode__caseobj(ufun);
	list = bodylist__procnode(proc);
	unev = tree__tree(list);
	while (unev != NIL && !check_throwing) {
	    if (nodetype(unev) == LINE)
		this_line = unparsed__line(unev);
	    expresn = car(unev);
	    pop(unev);
	    if (is_list (expresn) &&
		    (isName(car(expresn), Name_tag)) &&
		    (nodetype(cadr(expresn)) == QUOTE) &&
		    compare_node(val, node__quote(cadr(expresn)), TRUE) == 0) {
		val = cons(theName(Name_tag), unev);
		stopping_flag = MACRO_RETURN;
		goto fetch_cont;
	    }
	}
	err_logo(BAD_DATA_UNREC, val);
    }
    val = UNBOUND;
    goto fetch_cont;

begin_apply:
    /* This is for lapply. */
    expresn = car(val);
    while (nodetype(expresn) == ARRAY && NOT_THROWING)
	expresn = err_logo(APPLY_BAD_DATA, expresn);
    argl = append(cadr(val), NIL);
    val = UNBOUND;
    while (!is_list(argl) && NOT_THROWING)
	argl = err_logo(APPLY_BAD_DATA, argl);
    if (NOT_THROWING && expresn != NIL) {
	if (is_list(expresn)) {		    /* template */
	    if (is_list(car(expresn)) && cdr(expresn) != NIL) {
		if (is_list(cadr(expresn))) {
		    /* procedure text form [[param ...] [instr ...] ...] */
		    proc = anonymous_function(expresn);
		    debprint("anon func");
		    if (stopping_flag == THROWING) goto fetch_cont;
		    tracing = 0;
		    if (tailcall <= 0) {
			save(var);
			var = var_stack;
			newcont(after_lambda);
		    }
		    goto lambda_apply;
		}
		/* lambda form [[param ...] instr ...] */
		formals = car(expresn);
		if (tailcall <= 0) {
		    save(var);
		    var = var_stack;
		    newcont(after_lambda);
		}
/*		numsave(tailcall);  */
		tailcall = 0;
		llocal(formals);    /* bind the formals locally */
/*		numrestore(tailcall);	*/
		for ( ;
		      formals != NIL && argl != NIL && NOT_THROWING;
		      formals = cdr(formals),
		      argl = cdr(argl))
		    setvalnode__caseobj(car(formals), car(argl));
		if (formals != NIL) {
		    err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH, expresn);
		    goto fetch_cont;
		} else if (argl != NIL) {
		    err_logo(DK_WHAT, car(argl));
		    goto fetch_cont;
		}
		list = cdr(expresn);
		goto lambda_qm;
	    } else {		/* question-mark form [instr ...] */
		qm_list = argl;
		list = expresn;
lambda_qm:
		make_tree(list);
		if (list == NIL || !is_tree(list)) {
		    goto fetch_cont;
		}
		unev = tree__tree(list);
		if (tailcall <= 0) {
		    val_status &= ~(STOP_TAIL | OUTPUT_TAIL);
			save(var);
			var = var_stack;
			newcont(after_lambda);
		}
		goto eval_sequence;
	    }
	} else {    /* name of procedure to apply */
	    int min, max, n;
	    NODE *arg;
	    fun = intern(expresn);
	    check_library(fun);
	    proc = procnode__caseobj(fun);
	    while (proc == UNDEFINED && NOT_THROWING) {
		val = err_logo(DK_HOW_UNREC, fun);
	    }
	    if (NOT_THROWING) {
		if (nodetype(proc) == CONS) {
		    min = getint(minargs__procnode(proc));
		    max = getint(maxargs__procnode(proc));
		} else {
		    if (getprimdflt(proc) < 0) {        /* special form */
			err_logo(DK_HOW_UNREC, fun);    /* can't apply */
			goto fetch_cont;
		    } else {
			min = getprimmin(proc);
			if (min == OK_NO_ARG) min = 0;
			max = getprimmax(proc);
		    }
		}
		for (n = 0, arg = argl; arg != NIL; n++, arg = cdr(arg));
		if (n < min) {
		    err_logo(NOT_ENOUGH, NIL);
		} else if (n > max && max >= 0) {
		    err_logo(TOO_MUCH, fun);
		} else {
		    if (tailcall <= 0) {
			save(var);
			var = var_stack;
			newcont(after_lambda);
		    }
		    goto apply_dispatch;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
    goto fetch_cont;

after_lambda:
    reset_args(var);
    restore(var);
    goto fetch_cont;
}
ucblogo-6.1/makefile.msys0000664000175000017500000001001713601420003013570 0ustar  jjcjjcCC	= gcc
CFLAGS	= -g -O -DHAVE_WX    -DX_DISPLAY_MISSING -O0
CXX     = g++
CXXFLAGS =  -DHAVE_WX -I$(HOME)/wxWidgets-3.0.4/include -I$(HOME)/wxWidgets-3.0.4/lib/gcc_lib/mswu -D__WXDEBUG__ -D__WXMSW__ -mthreads
LDFLAGS	=   -mwindows
WX_LIB_LOC = $(HOME)/wxWidgets-3.0.4/lib/gcc_lib/
LIBS  =   -lm  -L/usr/local/lib  -mwindows -mthreads  -mwindows -Wl,--subsystem,windows -mwindows -L$(WX_LIB_LOC)  -lwxmsw30u_richtext -lwxmsw30u_aui -lwxmsw30u_html -lwxmsw30u_adv -lwxmsw30u_core -lwxbase30u_net -lwxbase30u  -lwxregexu -lwxtiff -lwxjpeg -lwxpng -lwxzlib -lrpcrt4 -loleaut32 -lole32 -luuid -lwinspool -lwinmm -lshell32 -lcomctl32 -lcomdlg32 -lctl3d32 -ladvapi32 -lwsock32 -lgdi32
prefix = /c/ucblogo
BINDIR        = $(prefix)/bin
LIBLOC        = $(prefix)/lib/logo
LINKER = $(CXX)

# LIBLOC      = `pwd`

OBJS	= coms.o error.o eval.o files.o graphics.o init.o intern.o \
	  libloc.o lists.o logodata.o main.o math.o mem.o paren.o parse.o \
	  print.o wrksp.o nographics.o git.o wxMain.o wxTerminal.o wxTurtleGraphics.o TextEditor.o wxterm.o

SRCS	= coms.c error.c eval.c files.c graphics.c init.c intern.c config.h \
	  libloc.c lists.c logodata.c main.c math.c mem.c paren.c parse.c \
	  print.c wrksp.c nographics.c wxMain.cpp wxTerminal.cpp wxTurtleGraphics.cpp TextEditor.cpp wxterm.c

HDRS	= globals.h logo.h xgraphics.h

all:	logo.exe logolib/Messages helpfiles helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS

mem.o:	mem.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 -c mem.c

logo.exe:	$(OBJS)
	windres logo_win.rc -O coff -o logo_win.res
	$(LINKER) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) logo_win.res -o logo.exe

git.c:	$(SRCS)
	echo 'char* GIT = "('`git describe||echo NA|tr -d '\r'`')";' > git.c

config.h: config.h.msys
	cp config.h.msys config.h

tags:	$(SRCS)
	ctags --format=1 -N $(SRCS) $(HDRS)
#	ctags -t $(SRCS) $(HDRS)

libloc.c:
	echo 'char *libloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/logolib";' > libloc.c
	echo 'char *helploc="'$(LIBLOC)'/helpfiles";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *cslsloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/csls";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *temploc="/tmp";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *separator="/";' >> libloc.c

logolib/Messages:	makelib Messages
	chmod +x makelib
	./makelib
	cp -f Messages logolib

helpfiles:
	mkdir helpfiles

helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS:	makehelp usermanual
	./makehelp
	sort helptemp | pr -5 -t -w80 >> helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
	rm helptemp

makehelp:	makehelp.c
	$(CC) -o makehelp makehelp.c

clean:
	rm -f *.o libloc.c
	rm -Rf UCBLogo/

ship:
	rm -f config.h config.cache config.log config.status
	rm -f makefile makehelp logo *.o libloc.c
	cd docs; $(MAKE) ship

install_win: all
	for d in $(BINDIR) $(LIBLOC) $(LIBLOC)/logolib $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles $(LIBLOC)/csls $(LIBLOC)/source; do [ -d $$d ] || mkdir -p $$d || exit 1; done
	cp logo.exe $(BINDIR)/ucblogo.exe
	cp /mingw/bin/libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll /mingw/bin/libstdc++-6.dll $(BINDIR)/
	cp -f logolib/* $(LIBLOC)/logolib/.
	cp -f helpfiles/* $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles/.
	cp -f csls/* $(LIBLOC)/csls/.
	cp -f LICENSE $(LIBLOC)/
	cp -f README.md $(LIBLOC)/README.txt
	cp -f *.[ch]* makefile.msys ucblogo.xpm logo_win.rc logologo.ico makelib Messages docs/usermanual.texi $(LIBLOC)/source/
	cp -f docs/usermanual.pdf $(LIBLOC)/
	#(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
#	prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE) install

make-docs:
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) $(MAKE) all)

ucblogo.zip : logo.exe
	mkdir -p UCBLogo
	cp logo.exe UCBLogo/
	cp -a logolib UCBLogo/
	cp /mingw/bin/libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll /mingw/bin/libstdc++-6.dll UCBLogo/
	zip -r ucblogo.zip UCBLogo
#Note, to figure out which dlls are needed, use:
#  objdump.exe -x logo.exe | grep -i 'DLL Name'

mac: all
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents
	cp Info.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp PkgInfo UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp pbdevelopment.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources
	cp -r csls UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r helpfiles UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r logolib UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/
	cp logo UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/UCBLogo
ucblogo-6.1/logo_win.rc0000664000175000017500000000003413577775701013275 0ustar  jjcjjclogologo ICON "logologo.ico"ucblogo-6.1/config.h.msys0000664000175000017500000000003013577775701013536 0ustar  jjcjjc#define RETSIGTYPE void
ucblogo-6.1/inno/0000775000175000017500000000000013601420024012045 5ustar  jjcjjcucblogo-6.1/inno/ucblogo.iss0000664000175000017500000000745113601420003014223 0ustar  jjcjjc; Script generated by the Inno Setup Script Wizard.
; SEE THE DOCUMENTATION FOR DETAILS ON CREATING INNO SETUP SCRIPT FILES!

[Setup]
AppName=Berkeley Logo
AppVerName=Berkeley Logo 6.1
AppVersion=6.1
AppPublisher=University of California, Berkeley
AppPublisherURL=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/logo.html
AppSupportURL=https://github.com/jrincayc/ucblogo-code/issues
AppUpdatesURL=https://github.com/jrincayc/ucblogo-code/releases
OutputBaseFilename=ucblogo61setup
OutputDir=.
DefaultDirName={autopf}\UCBLogo
DefaultGroupName=Berkeley Logo
DisableStartupPrompt=yes
DisableProgramGroupPage=yes
AllowNoIcons=yes
WindowStartMaximized=no
LicenseFile=..\LICENSE
PrivilegesRequiredOverridesAllowed=dialog commandline

[Components]
Name: "program"; Description: "Program Files"; Types: full compact custom; Flags: fixed
Name: "help"; Description: "Help Files"; Types: full compact custom
Name: "csls"; Description: "Programs from Computer Science Logo Style"; Types: full compact custom
Name: "pdf"; Description: "User Manual in PDF format"; Types: full custom
Name: "source"; Description: "Source Files"; Types: full custom

[Tasks]
Name: "programmenu"; Description: "Create a Program menu entry"; GroupDescription: "Shortcuts:"
Name: "desktopicon"; Description: "Create a &desktop icon"; GroupDescription: "Shortcuts:"; MinVersion: 4,4
Name: "quicklaunchicon"; Description: "Create a &Quick Launch icon"; GroupDescription: "Shortcuts:"; MinVersion: 4,4; Flags: unchecked


[Files]
Source: "C:\ucblogo\bin\ucblogo.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: program
Source: "C:\ucblogo\bin\*.dll"; DestDir: "{app}"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: program
Source: "C:\UCBLOGO\lib\logo\CSLS\*.*"; DestDir: "{app}\CSLS"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: csls
Source: "C:\UCBLOGO\lib\logo\HELPFILES\*.*"; DestDir: "{app}\HELPFILE"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: help
Source: "C:\UCBLOGO\lib\logo\LOGOLIB\*.*"; DestDir: "{app}\LOGOLIB"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: program
Source: "C:\UCBLOGO\lib\logo\LICENSE"; DestDir: "{app}"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: program
Source: "C:\UCBLOGO\lib\logo\README.txt"; DestDir: "{app}"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: program
Source: "C:\UCBLOGO\lib\logo\usermanual.pdf"; DestDir: "{app}\DOCS"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: pdf
Source: "C:\UCBLOGO\lib\logo\SOURCE\*.*"; DestDir: "{app}\SOURCE"; CopyMode: alwaysoverwrite; Components: source

[Icons]
Name: "{group}\Berkeley Logo"; Filename: "{app}\ucblogo.exe"; WorkingDir: "{app}"; Tasks: programmenu
Name: "{autodesktop}\Berkeley Logo"; Filename: "{app}\ucblogo.exe"; WorkingDir: "{app}"; MinVersion: 4,4; Tasks: desktopicon

[Registry]
Root: HKA; Subkey: "Software\UCB"; Flags: uninsdeletekeyifempty
Root: HKA; Subkey: "Software\UCB\UCBLogo"; Flags: uninsdeletekey
Root: HKA; Subkey: "Software\UCB\UCBLogo"; ValueType: string; ValueName: "LOGOLIB"; ValueData: "{app}\LOGOLIB"
Root: HKA; Subkey: "Software\UCB\UCBLogo"; ValueType: string; ValueName: "HELPFILE"; ValueData: "{app}\HELPFILE"
Root: HKA; Subkey: "Software\UCB\UCBLogo"; ValueType: string; ValueName: "CSLS"; ValueData: "{app}\CSLS"

[Messages]
WelcomeLabel2=This will install [name/ver] on your computer.%n%nThis installer was created with the freeware Inno Setup Compiler by Jordan Russell with portions by Martijn Laan.%nhttp://www.jrsoftware.org/isinfo.php
LicenseLabel=UCBLogo is free, and has NO WARRANTY.  (See sections 15 and 16 below.)%nThe other license provisions are only about distributing Logo to other people.
ComponentsDiskSpaceMBLabel=Current selection requires at least [kb] KB of disk space.

[Run]
Filename: "notepad.exe"; Parameters: "{app}\README"; Description: "View README file"; Flags: postinstall skipifsilent
Filename: "{app}\ucblogo.exe"; WorkingDir: "{app}"; Description: "Launch Berkeley Logo"; Flags: postinstall skipifsilent
ucblogo-6.1/ztcterm.h0000664000175000017500000001045613575571772013004 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      ztcterm.h          IBM-specific graphics macros         mak
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#define GR_SIZE 15000

#define prepare_to_draw gr_mode()
#define done_drawing nop()

#define prepare_to_draw_turtle nop()
#define done_drawing_turtle nop()

#define screen_left 0
#define screen_right (MaxX)
#define screen_top 0
#define screen_bottom (ibm_screen_bottom)
#define max_screen_bottom (MaxY)

#define screen_height (1 + screen_bottom - screen_top)
#define max_screen_height (1 + max_screen_bottom - screen_top)
#define screen_width (1 + screen_right - screen_left)

#define screen_x_center (screen_left + (screen_width)/2)
#define screen_y_center (screen_top + (max_screen_height)/2)

#define turtle_left_max ((screen_left) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_right_max ((screen_right) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_top_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_top))
#define turtle_bottom_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_bottom))

#define screen_x_coord ((screen_x_center) + turtle_x)
#define screen_y_coord ((screen_y_center) - turtle_y)

#define turtle_height t_height()
#define turtle_half_bottom t_half_bottom()
#define turtle_side t_side()

#define clear_screen erase_screen()

#define line_to(x,y) {if (current_vis==0) lineto((int)x,(int)y); else moveto((int)x,(int)y);}
#define move_to(x,y) moveto((int)x,(int)y)
#define draw_string(s) outtext((char *)s)
#define set_pen_vis(v) current_vis = v
#define set_pen_mode(m) set_ibm_pen_mode(m)
#define set_pen_color(c) {ztc_set_penc(c);}
#define set_back_ground(c) {ztc_set_bg(c);}
#define set_pen_width(w) {ztc_penwidth = w;}
#define set_pen_height(h) {ztc_penwidth = h;}
#define set_pen_x(x) moveto((int)x, ztc_y)
#define set_pen_y(y) moveto(ztc_x, (int)y)

/* pen_info is a stucture type with fields for the various
   pen characteristics including the location, size, color,
   mode (e.g. XOR or COPY), pattern, visibility (0 = visible) */

typedef struct { int    h;
		 int	v;
		 int	vis;
		 int	width;
		 int    color;
		 char	pattern[8];
		 int	mode; } pen_info;

#define p_info_x(p) p.h
#define p_info_y(p) p.v

#define pen_width ztc_penwidth
#define pen_height ztc_penwidth
#define pen_mode get_ibm_pen_mode()
#define pen_vis current_vis
#define pen_x ztc_x
#define pen_y ztc_y
#define get_node_pen_pattern Get_node_pen_pattern()

#define pen_reverse ibm_pen_xor()
#define pen_erase ibm_pen_erase()
#define pen_down ibm_pen_down()

#define button Button()
#define mouse_x mickey_x()
#define mouse_y mickey_y()

#define full_screen f_screen()
#define split_screen s_screen()
#define text_screen t_screen()

/* definitions from term.c and math.c for ibmterm.c */
extern int x_coord, y_coord, x_max, y_max, tty_charmode;
extern char so_arr[], se_arr[];

/* definitions from ibmterm.c for graphics.c */
extern void gr_mode();
extern void ibm_pen_erase(), ibm_pen_down(), ibm_pen_xor();
extern void set_ibm_pen_mode();
extern int get_ibm_pen_mode();
extern void save_pen(), restore_pen(), set_pen_pattern();
extern void plain_xor_pen();
extern void set_list_pen_pattern(), get_pen_pattern(), erase_screen();
extern void label(), logofill();
extern void t_screen(), s_screen(), f_screen(), tone();
extern FIXNUM mickey_x(), mickey_y();
extern NODE *Get_node_pen_pattern();
extern FIXNUM t_height();
extern FIXNUM pen_color, back_ground;
extern FLONUM t_half_bottom(), t_side();
extern int current_vis, ibm_screen_bottom;
extern BOOLEAN in_erase_mode;
extern int ztc_penwidth;
extern fg_coord_t ztc_x, ztc_y;
extern void get_palette(int slot,
			unsigned int *r, unsigned int *g, unsigned int *b);
extern void set_palette(int slot,
			unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b);
ucblogo-6.1/xgraphics.h0000664000175000017500000001521613557147341013272 0ustar  jjcjjc/* X window system graphics header file. */

#include 
#include 
#include 

extern int have_x;
extern int back_ground;

extern void real_window_init();
void logofill(void);

/* Some X-related defines. */
#define BORDER	1
#define FONT	"fixed"
#define NUMCOLORS 512
#define NUMINITCOLORS 16
#define EVENT_MASK  (StructureNotifyMask | PointerMotionMask \
		     | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
#define DEFAULT_HEIGHT           500
#define DEFAULT_WIDTH            500

#define GR_SIZE         60000

#define checkX { \
    if (have_x < 0) real_window_init(); \
    if (!have_x) { \
	err_logo(BAD_GRAPH_INIT,NIL); \
	return; \
    } \
}

#define prepare_to_draw          {checkX; placate_x();}
#define done_drawing             XFlush(dpy)
extern void placate_x();

#define prepare_to_draw_turtle nop()
#define done_drawing_turtle nop()

#define screen_left              0
#define screen_right             (screen_width-1)
#define screen_top               0
#define screen_bottom            (screen_height-1)

/* #define screen_height (1 + screen_bottom - screen_top) */
/* #define screen_width (1 + screen_right - screen_left) */

#define screen_x_center (screen_left + (screen_width)/2)
#define screen_y_center (screen_top + (screen_height)/2)

#define turtle_left_max ((screen_left) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_right_max ((screen_right) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_top_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_top))
#define turtle_bottom_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_bottom))

#define screen_x_coord ((screen_x_center) + turtle_x)
#define screen_y_coord ((screen_y_center) - turtle_y)

#define turtle_height 18
#define turtle_half_bottom 6.0
#define turtle_side 19.0

#define clear_screen		 XClearWindow(dpy, win)

#define erase_screen()		 XClearWindow(dpy, win)

#define line_to(a,b)             if(xgr_pen.vis==0)\
                                 XDrawLine(dpy,win,xgr_pen.pm,\
                                 xgr_pen.xpos,xgr_pen.ypos,\
                                 (a),(b));\
                                 xgr_pen.xpos=(a);\
                                 xgr_pen.ypos=(b)

#define move_to(a,b)             xgr_pen.xpos=(a);\
                                 xgr_pen.ypos=(b)

#define draw_string(s)           XDrawString(dpy,win,xgr_pen.pm,\
                                 xgr_pen.xpos,xgr_pen.ypos,\
                                 (s),strlen((s)));

#define set_pen_vis(v)           xgr_pen.vis=(v)

#define set_pen_mode(m)          xgr_pen.pm=(m)

#define set_pen_color(c)         draw_turtle();\
                                 xgr_pen.color=c%NUMCOLORS;\
                                 XSetForeground(dpy,draw_gc,color[2+xgr_pen.color].pixel);\
                                 XSetForeground(dpy,reverse_gc,color[2+xgr_pen.color].pixel);\
                                 draw_turtle();

#define set_back_ground(c)       back_ground=c%NUMCOLORS;\
                                 XSetBackground(dpy,draw_gc,color[2+back_ground].pixel);\
                                 XSetBackground(dpy,reverse_gc,color[2+back_ground].pixel);\
                                 XSetBackground(dpy,erase_gc,color[2+back_ground].pixel);\
                                 XSetForeground(dpy,erase_gc,color[2+back_ground].pixel);\
				 XSetWindowBackground(dpy,win,color[2+back_ground].pixel);\
				 redraw_graphics();

#define set_pen_width(w)         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, draw_gc, w, LineSolid, \
						    CapProjecting, JoinMiter);\
				 XSetLineAttributes(dpy, erase_gc, w, LineSolid, \
						    CapProjecting, JoinMiter);\
				 XSetLineAttributes(dpy, reverse_gc, w, LineSolid, \
						    CapProjecting, JoinMiter);\
                                 xgr_pen.pw = w;

#define set_pen_height(h)        XSetLineAttributes(dpy, draw_gc, h, LineSolid, \
						    CapProjecting, JoinMiter);\
				 XSetLineAttributes(dpy, erase_gc, h, LineSolid, \
						    CapProjecting, JoinMiter);\
				 XSetLineAttributes(dpy, reverse_gc, h, LineSolid, \
						    CapProjecting, JoinMiter);\
                                 xgr_pen.ph = h;

#define set_pen_x(x)             nop()
#define set_pen_y(y)             nop()

/* pen_info is a stucture type with fields for the various
   pen characteristics including the location, size, color,
   mode (e.g. XOR or COPY), pattern, visibility (0 = visible) */

typedef struct {
  int color;
  int xpos;
  int ypos;
  int vis;
  int pw;
  int ph;
  GC  pm;
} pen_info;

extern pen_info xgr_pen;

#define p_info_x(p)              (p.xpos)
#define p_info_y(p)              (p.ypos)

/* All these should take an argument, like the two just above.
   Then we could support multiple turtles.
 */

#define pen_width                xgr_pen.pw
#define pen_height               xgr_pen.ph
#define pen_color                xgr_pen.color
#define pen_mode                 xgr_pen.pm
#define pen_vis                  xgr_pen.vis
#define pen_x                    (xgr_pen.xpos)
#define pen_y                    (xgr_pen.ypos)
#define get_node_pen_pattern     (cons(make_intnode(-1), NIL))

#define pen_reverse              pen_mode=reverse_gc
#define pen_erase                pen_mode=erase_gc
#define pen_down                 pen_mode=draw_gc

#define button                   get_button()
#define mouse_x                  get_mouse_x()
#define mouse_y                  get_mouse_y()

/* There seems little point in implementing these unless we put
   everything in one window.  (Possibly use a slave xterm?)
 */
#define full_screen              nop()
#define split_screen             nop()
#define text_screen              nop()

#define plain_xor_pen()          pen_reverse

#define label(s)                 XDrawImageString(dpy,win,xgr_pen.pm,\
                                 xgr_pen.xpos,xgr_pen.ypos,\
                                 (s), strlen(s))

#define tone(p,d)                nop()
#define get_pen_pattern(p)       nop()
#define set_pen_pattern(p)       nop()
#define set_list_pen_pattern(p)  nop()

extern void set_palette(int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
extern void get_palette(int, unsigned int*, unsigned int*, unsigned int*);

/* The sparc has fmod.  So I use it. */
/* #define fmod(x,y)                x */


extern void nop();

/* Global X variables. */
extern int screen_height, screen_width;

extern Display    *dpy;		/* X server connection */
extern Window      win;		/* Window ID */
extern GC          draw_gc,     /* GC to draw with */
                   erase_gc,    /* GC to draw with */
                   reverse_gc;  /* GC to draw with */

extern XColor color[];
extern XColor dummy;

extern int get_mouse_x(), get_mouse_y();


/* Avoid name conflicts.  Note: if xgraphics.c uses True and
   False, bad things are likely to happen.
 */
#undef True
#undef False


ucblogo-6.1/xgraphics.c0000664000175000017500000002265213557147341013267 0ustar  jjcjjc/* X window graphics for logo.  Nov. 1991. */

/* Note:  logo uses True and False as variables to hold references
   to the nodes containing the values true and false.  X uses them
   as macros serving the functions often served by the more standard
   TRUE and FALSE.  To avoid a conflict, don't use True and False in
   this file.
 */

#ifndef X_DISPLAY_MISSING

#include 

#include "logo.h"
#include "xgraphics.h"
#include "globals.h"

char *LogoPlatformName="X11";

int clearing_screen = 0;

#ifdef SIGWINCH

#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
#define sig_arg 0
RETSIGTYPE x_win_resize(int sig)
#else
#define sig_arg 
RETSIGTYPE x_win_resize()
#endif
{
    signal(SIGWINCH, x_win_resize);
    placate_x();
    SIGRET
}
#endif	/* SIGWINCH */

int have_x = -1;

XWMHints xwmh = {
  (InputHint|StateHint),	/* flags */
  FALSE,			/* input */
  NormalState,                  /* initial_state */
  0,				/* icon pixmap */
  0,				/* icon window */
  0, 0,                         /* icon location */
  0,				/* icon mask */
  0,				/* Window group */
};

int screen_height = DEFAULT_HEIGHT;
int screen_width  = DEFAULT_WIDTH;
int x_mouse_x, x_mouse_y, x_buttondown=0;

/* We'll use 16 named colors for now (see xgraphics.h).
   The ordering here corresponds to the zero-based argument
   to setpencolor that gives that color -- pink is 12,
   turquoise is 10 etc.
 */

char *colorname[NUMINITCOLORS] = {
  "black", "blue"   , "green" , "cyan" ,
  "red"  , "magenta", "yellow", "white",
  "brown",
  "tan",
  "dark green",  /* Should be 'forest' */
  "aquamarine",  /* Should be 'aqua'   */
  "salmon",
  "purple",
  "orange",
  "grey"
};

XColor color[NUMCOLORS+2];
XColor dummy;

void nop() {
}

pen_info xgr_pen;
int back_ground;

Display    *dpy;		/* X server connection   */
Window      win;		/* Window ID             */
GC          draw_gc,            /* GC to draw with       */
            up_gc,              /* Do nothing gc.        */
            erase_gc,           /* Erase gc.             */
            reverse_gc;         /* GC to reverse things. */

int         screen;

int save_argc;
char ** save_argv;

void x_window_init(int argc, char **argv)
{
    save_argc = argc;
    save_argv = argv;
}

void real_window_init()
{
  unsigned long fth, pad;	/* Font size parameters */
  unsigned long fg, bg, bd;	/* Pixel values */
  unsigned long bw;		/* Border width */
  XFontStruct *fontstruct;	/* Font descriptor */
  XGCValues   gcv;		/* Struct for creating GC */
  XEvent      event;		/* Event received */
  XSizeHints  xsh;		/* Size hints for window manager */
  XSetWindowAttributes xswa;	/* Temporary Set Window Attribute struct */
  int n;

  /* Open X display. */
  if ((dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)) == NULL) {
    have_x = 0;
    return;
  } else have_x = 1;

  screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);

  /* Load default font. */
  if ((fontstruct = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, FONT)) == NULL) {
    have_x = 0;
    return;
  }

  fth = fontstruct->max_bounds.ascent + fontstruct->max_bounds.descent;

  /*
   * Select colors.
   */

  for(n = 0; n < NUMINITCOLORS; n++)
    XAllocNamedColor(dpy, DefaultColormap(dpy, screen),
		     colorname[n], &color[n+2], &dummy);

    for (n = NUMINITCOLORS; n < NUMCOLORS; n++)
	color[n+2] = color[(n+2) % NUMINITCOLORS];

    xgr_pen.color = 7;

  /* Not much alternative to the following,
     because of the use of the xor operation to erase the turtle.
     The background HAS to be the zero pixel or the scheme won't work.
   */
  bg = BlackPixel(dpy, screen);
  fg = bd = WhitePixel(dpy, screen);

  /*
   * Set the border width of the window,  and the gap between the text
   * and the edge of the window, "pad".
   */
  pad = BORDER;
  bw = 1;

  /* Set up size/position hints. */
  xsh.flags = (PPosition | PSize);
  xsh.height = DEFAULT_HEIGHT;
  xsh.width = DEFAULT_WIDTH;
  xsh.x = (DisplayWidth(dpy, DefaultScreen(dpy)) - xsh.width) / 2;
  xsh.y = (DisplayHeight(dpy, DefaultScreen(dpy)) - xsh.height) / 2;

  win = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy),
			    xsh.x, xsh.y, xsh.width, xsh.height,
			    bw, bd, bg);

  /* Label window. */
  XSetStandardProperties(dpy, win, "BXLogo", "BXLogo", None,
				save_argv, save_argc, &xsh);
  XSetWMHints(dpy, win, &xwmh);

  /* Set up default color map. */
  xswa.colormap = DefaultColormap(dpy, DefaultScreen(dpy));
  xswa.backing_store = Always;
  XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, win, CWColormap | CWBackingStore, &xswa);


 /*
  * Create GCs.
  */

  /* Make the foreground and background fields in the GC
     match the fg and bg variables that were passed to the window.
   */

  gcv.font = fontstruct->fid;
  gcv.background = BlackPixel(dpy, screen);
  gcv.foreground = WhitePixel(dpy, screen);
  gcv.plane_mask = AllPlanes;

  /* Normal drawing GC. */
  draw_gc = XCreateGC(dpy, win,
		      (GCPlaneMask | GCFont | GCForeground | GCBackground),
		      &gcv);

  /* Create GC for erasing/drawing turtle. */
  gcv.function = GXxor;
  reverse_gc = XCreateGC(dpy, win, 
			 (GCPlaneMask | GCFont | GCFunction |
			  GCForeground | GCBackground), 
			 &gcv);

  /* Erase gc just draws the bacground color. */
  gcv.foreground = bg;
  gcv.function = GXcopy;
  erase_gc = XCreateGC(dpy, win,
		       (GCPlaneMask | GCFont | GCForeground | GCBackground),
		       &gcv);

  gcv.function = GXnoop;
  up_gc = XCreateGC(dpy, win,
		    (GCPlaneMask | GCFunction | GCForeground | GCBackground),
		    &gcv);

  xgr_pen.pm = draw_gc;
  xgr_pen.vis = 0;

  XSelectInput(dpy, win, EVENT_MASK);

 /*
  * Map the window to make it visible.  See Section 3.5.
  */
  XMapWindow(dpy, win);

 /*
  * Loop,  examining each event.  Exit when we get mapped.
  */
  do {
   /*
    * Get the next event
    */
    XWindowEvent(dpy, win, StructureNotifyMask, &event);

    /*
     * Wait for the map notify event.
     */
    if (event.type == MapNotify) {
      XClearWindow(dpy, win);
      break;
    }
  } while(1);

  lclearscreen(NIL);
  move_to(screen_x_coord, screen_y_coord);
/*   if(turtle_shown)
    draw_turtle();  */
#ifdef SIGWINCH
    signal(SIGWINCH, x_win_resize);
#endif
}

void save_pen(pen_info *p) {
    memcpy(((char *)(p)),((char *)(&xgr_pen)),sizeof(pen_info));
}

void restore_pen(pen_info *p) {
    memcpy(((char *)(&xgr_pen)),((char *)(p)),sizeof(pen_info));
    set_pen_width(p->pw);
    set_pen_height(p->ph);
}

void placate_x()
{
  XEvent           event;
  XConfigureEvent *xce;
  XMotionEvent    *xme;
  XButtonEvent    *xbe;
    checkX;

  while(XCheckWindowEvent(dpy, win, EVENT_MASK, (XEvent *)&event))

    switch(event.type) {

    case ConfigureNotify:

      xce = (XConfigureEvent *)&event;
      screen_height = xce->height;
      screen_width  = xce->width;

      XClearWindow(dpy, win);
      /* if (!clearing_screen) */ redraw_graphics();

      break;

    case MotionNotify:

      xme = (XMotionEvent *)&event;
      x_mouse_x = xme->x;
      x_mouse_y = xme->y;
      break;

    case ButtonPress:
	xbe = (XButtonEvent *)&event;
#undef button
	x_buttondown = xbe->button;
	mouse_click;
	break;

    case ButtonRelease:
	x_buttondown = 0;
	break;
    }
}

void check_X11_stop() {
    static int count=300;

    if (--count == 0) {
	count = 300;
	checkX;
	placate_x();
    }
}

int get_button()
{
  checkX;

  placate_x();

  return( x_buttondown );
}

int get_mouse_x()
{
  checkX;

  placate_x();

  return( x_mouse_x - (screen_width / 2));
}


int get_mouse_y()
{
  checkX;

  placate_x();

  return((screen_height / 2) - x_mouse_y);
}

 
void floodfill( XImage *img, int x, int y, unsigned long
					   oldColor, unsigned long newColor ) 
{
	int lastBorder;
	int leftLimit, rightLimit;
	int i;
	if (oldColor == newColor) {
		/* Nothing to be done */
		return;
	}
	/* Seek left */
	leftLimit = (-1);
	for (i = x; (i >= 0); i--) {
		if (XGetPixel(img, i, y) != oldColor) {
			break;
		}
		XPutPixel(img, i, y, newColor);
		leftLimit = i;
	}
	if (leftLimit == (-1)) {
		return;
	}
	/* Seek right */
	rightLimit = x;
	for (i = (x+1); (i < screen_width); i++) {	
		if (XGetPixel(img, i, y) != oldColor) {
			break;
		}
		XPutPixel(img, i, y, newColor);
		rightLimit = i;
	}
	/* Look at lines above and below and start paints */
	/* Above */
	if (y > 0) {
		lastBorder = 1;
		for (i = leftLimit; (i <= rightLimit); i++) {
			int c;
			c = XGetPixel(img, i, y-1);
			if (lastBorder) {
				if (c == oldColor) {	
					floodfill(img, i, y-1, oldColor, newColor);
					lastBorder = 0;
				}
			} else if (c != oldColor) {
				lastBorder = 1;
			}
		}
	}
	/* Below */
	if (y < screen_height - 1) {
		lastBorder = 1;
		for (i = leftLimit; (i <= rightLimit); i++) {
			int c;
			c = XGetPixel(img, i, y+1);
			if (lastBorder) {
				if (c == oldColor) {
					floodfill(img, i, y+1, oldColor, newColor);
					lastBorder = 0;
				}
			} else if (c != oldColor) {
				lastBorder = 1;
			}
		}
	}
}
 
void logofill() {
	XImage *img = XGetImage(dpy, win, 0, 0, screen_width, screen_height, -1,
							ZPixmap );
	floodfill( img, xgr_pen.xpos, xgr_pen.ypos,
			   XGetPixel( img, xgr_pen.xpos, xgr_pen.ypos ),
			   color[(xgr_pen.color)+2].pixel );
	
	XPutImage( dpy, win, draw_gc, img, 0, 0, 0, 0, screen_width,
			   screen_height );
  XDestroyImage( img );
}


void set_palette(int n, unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b) {
    n+=2;
    color[n].red = r;
    color[n].green = g;
    color[n].blue = b;
    color[n].flags = DoRed|DoGreen|DoBlue;  /* unnecessary? */
    XAllocColor(dpy, DefaultColormap(dpy, DefaultScreen(dpy)), &color[n]);
}

void get_palette(int n, unsigned int *r, unsigned int *g, unsigned int *b) {
    n+=2;
    *r = color[n].red;
    *g = color[n].green;
    *b = color[n].blue;
}

#endif


ucblogo-6.1/wxTurtleGraphics.h0000664000175000017500000001417513575571772014635 0ustar  jjcjjc
#include 

#include 
#include 
#include 

#include 
#include "LogoFrame.h"
#include "logo.h"
#include "wxTerminal.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "wxGlobals.h"

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// structs
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct line {
	short int x1;
	short int y1;
	short int x2;
	short int y2;
	short int pw;
	unsigned char color;
	unsigned char pm;
	int vis;
};

typedef struct {
  int color;
  int xpos;
  int ypos;
  int vis;
  int pw;
  int ph;
  int pen_mode;
  } pen_info;




// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// constants
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


// what do we show on screen (there are too many shapes to put them all on
// screen simultaneously)
enum ScreenToShow
{
    Show_Default,
    Show_Text,
    Show_Lines,
    Show_Brushes,
    Show_Polygons,
    Show_Mask,
    Show_Ops,
    Show_Regions,
    Show_Circles
};

enum messageEnum {
	PREPARE = 0,
	SPLITSCREEN,
	FULLSCREEN,
	TEXTSCREEN,
	DRAWLINE,
	EDITCALL,
	CLEARSCREEN,
	SAVEPEN,
	RESTOREPEN,
	KILLAPPLICATION,
	SETPENCOLOR,
	ADDLINE,
	SETPENWIDTH,
	GETPALETTE,
	FLOODFILL,
	TOPRINTER,
	GETMOUSECOORDS,
	GETMOUSEDOWN,
	SETINFO,
	GETINFO,
	DRAWLABEL,
	CATCHUP,
	PRINTPICT,
	PRINTPREVIEWPICT,
	PRINTTEXT,
	PRINTPREVIEWTEXT
};

#define PEN_REVERSE              0
#define PEN_ERASE                1
#define PEN_DOWN                 2

#define NUMCOLORS 512
#define NUMINITCOLORS 16


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Classes
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TurtleCanvas;

// This frame will contain the TurtleCanvas
class TurtleFrame : public wxFrame
{
public:
    TurtleFrame( wxFrame * parent, const wxString& title, const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size);
    // event handlers (these functions should _not_ be virtual)
    void OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& event);	
    void OnShow(wxCommandEvent &event);
	
	static int 
		back_ground,
		screen_height, 
		screen_width,
	    in_graphics_mode,
	    in_splitscreen;
	static pen_info xgr_pen;
    int         m_backgroundMode;
    int         m_textureBackground;
    int         m_mapMode;
    double      m_xUserScale;
    double      m_yUserScale;
    int         m_xLogicalOrigin;
    int         m_yLogicalOrigin;
    bool        m_xAxisReversed,
		m_yAxisReversed;
    wxColour    m_colourForeground,    // these are _text_ colours
		m_colourBackground;
    wxBrush     m_backgroundBrush;
    TurtleCanvas   *m_canvas;
	
    TurtleCanvas * GetCanvas ();
private:

		// any class wishing to process wxWindows events must use this macro
		DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};

struct mypoint {
    int x,y;
};

// define a scrollable canvas for drawing onto
class TurtleCanvas: public wxWindow
{
public:
    TurtleCanvas( wxFrame *parent );
    virtual ~TurtleCanvas();
    wxFrame *m_owner;
    wxPaintDC * dc;

	static void FinishedEvent();
	static void WaitForEvent();
    void OnPaint(wxPaintEvent &event);
    void OnSize(wxSizeEvent &event);
    void OnDraw(wxDC &dc);

    bool SetFont(const wxFont &f);

    void Show(ScreenToShow show) { m_show = show; Refresh(); }
	void internalPrepare();
	void TurtlePrintPreview(wxCommandEvent& event);
	void PrintTurtleWindow(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void SetOwner (wxFrame * frame);
	void SetDC (wxPaintDC * dc);
	void drawLine(wxCommandEvent & e);
    void editCall();
    void logoHandle ( wxCommandEvent & e);
    void exitApplication();
    void OnFocus (wxFocusEvent & event);
    void LoseFocus (wxFocusEvent & event);
    void OnLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event) ;
    void OnLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
     void OnMiddleDown(wxMouseEvent& event) ;
    void OnMiddleUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
     void OnRightDown(wxMouseEvent& event) ;
    void OnRightUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
    void OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event) ;
    void OnChar(wxKeyEvent& event);
    static void setInfo(int type, int val);
    static int getInfo(int type);
    void OnTimer (wxTimerEvent& event);
	void OnEraseBackGround(wxEraseEvent& event) ;
    void OnPageSetup(wxCommandEvent& event);
    static void drawOneLine(struct line *, wxDC *);
    static void realFloodFill(int, wxDC *);
    static void realdoFilled(int fillcolor, int count,
				    struct mypoint *points, wxDC *dc);

    static void realDrawLabel(char *, wxDC *);
    static void realClearScreen(wxDC *);
	void PaintBackground(wxDC& dc) ;

    wxFrame *  GetOwner();
	wxDC *  GetDC();

	static int mousePosition_x;
	static int mousePosition_y;
	static int clickPosition_x;
	static int clickPosition_y;

	static int mouse_down_left;
	static int mouse_down_middle;
	static int mouse_down_right;
	static int mouse_down_last;

	static wxColour colors[NUMCOLORS+SPECIAL_COLORS];

private:
	void DrawTurtle(wxDC &dc);

	wxBitmap
		*m_bitmap;

	int resized;
	ScreenToShow m_show;
    wxBitmap     m_smile_bmp;
    wxIcon       m_std_icon;
    bool         m_clip;

    wxTimer * m_timer;


    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Accessed by interpreter 
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern "C" void nop();
extern "C" void set_palette(int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
extern "C" void get_palette(int, unsigned int*, unsigned int*, unsigned int*);
extern "C" void save_pen(pen_info *p);
extern "C" void restore_pen(pen_info *p);
extern "C" void set_pen_patter();
extern "C" void logofill();
extern "C" void wx_clear();
extern "C" NODE lclearscreen(NODE *);
extern "C" void wxDrawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int vis);
extern "C" void wxSplitScreen();
extern "C" void wxFullScreen();
extern "C" void wxTextScreen();
extern "C" void wxPrepare();
extern "C" int  wxEditFile(char * f);

extern "C" int wxGetMouseX();
extern "C" int wxGetMouseY();
extern "C" int wxGetButton();

extern "C" void redraw_graphics();

extern "C" void wxSetInfo(int type, int val);
extern "C" int wxGetInfo(int type);


ucblogo-6.1/wxTurtleGraphics.cpp0000664000175000017500000010656013575571772015170 0ustar  jjcjjc#include 
#include "wxTurtleGraphics.h"
#include "TextEditor.h"
#include 
#define WX_TURTLEGRAPHICS_CPP 1

using namespace std;


#define SCREEN_WIDTH		1
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT		2
#define	BACK_GROUND		3
#define	IN_SPLITSCREEN		4
#define	IN_GRAPHICS_MODE	5

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Custom Events
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  /* The edit event */
#if 0
BEGIN_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
DECLARE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_EDIT_CUSTOM_COMMAND, 7777)
END_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
DEFINE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_EDIT_CUSTOM_COMMAND)

#define EVT_EDIT_CUSTOM_COMMAND(id, fn) \
DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE_ENTRY( \
						   wxEVT_EDIT_CUSTOM_COMMAND, id, -2, \
						   (wxObjectEventFunction)(wxEventFunction)(wxCommandEventFunction)&fn, \
						   (wxObject *) NULL \
						   ),
#endif
 
  /* Used for multithread event handling, as well as
     for a dummy event otherwise */
BEGIN_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
DECLARE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND, 7777)
END_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
DEFINE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND)

#define EVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND(id, fn) \
DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE_ENTRY( \
						   wxEVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND, id, -1, \
						   (wxObjectEventFunction)(wxEventFunction)(wxCommandEventFunction)&fn, \
						   (wxObject *) NULL \
						   ),
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Globals
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

float fillScale;

pen_info p;
int TurtleFrame::back_ground = 0;
int TurtleFrame::screen_height = 0; 
int TurtleFrame::screen_width = 0;
int TurtleFrame::in_graphics_mode = 0;
int TurtleFrame::in_splitscreen = 0;
pen_info TurtleFrame::xgr_pen = p;

int drawToWindow = 0;	// for redraw_graphics from gui "thread"
wxDC *windowDC = 0;

wxMemoryDC *m_memDC;
#define USE_MEMDC 1

int pictureleft = 0, pictureright = 0, picturetop = 0, picturebottom = 0;
// Keep track of max range for printing.


int TurtleCanvas::mousePosition_x;
int TurtleCanvas::mousePosition_y;
int TurtleCanvas::clickPosition_x;
int TurtleCanvas::clickPosition_y;

int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_left;
int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_middle;
int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_right;
int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_last;

wxColour TurtleCanvas::colors[NUMCOLORS+SPECIAL_COLORS];

int R, G, B;


// Global print data, to remember settings during the session
wxPrintData *g_printData = (wxPrintData*) NULL ;

// Global page setup data
wxPageSetupDialogData* g_pageSetupData = (wxPageSetupDialogData*) NULL;

// Used for printing
TurtleWindowPrintout *turtlePrintout;
extern "C" int drawToPrinter;
wxDC *printerDC;
wxBitmap *tempBitmap;

// have already called prepareToDraw
int prepared = 0;
TurtleFrame *turtleFrame;
int turtleIndex = 0;
int putInQueue = 0;

#if 0
wxCommandEvent editEvent = wxCommandEvent(wxEVT_EDIT_CUSTOM_COMMAND);
#endif
char * file;

// the location of the turtle
extern "C" int turtlePosition_x;
extern "C" int turtlePosition_y;

#define LINEPAUSE 30

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Debug Functions
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

/* We'll use 16 named colors for now (see xgraphics.h).
   The ordering here corresponds to the zero-based argument
   to setpencolor that gives that color -- pink is 12,
   turquoise is 10 etc.
 */

/*

void PrintLines(){
	struct line l;
	unsigned int turtleIndex = 0;
	for (; turtleIndexSetMarginTopLeft(wxPoint(15, 15));
    g_pageSetupData->SetMarginBottomRight(wxPoint(15, 15));
#ifndef __WXMAC__   /* needed for wxWidgets 2.6 */
    wxSetWorkingDirectory(wxStandardPaths::Get().GetDocumentsDir());
#endif

  mousePosition_x = 0;
  mousePosition_y = 0;
  clickPosition_x = 0;
  clickPosition_y = 0;
  mouse_down_left = 0;
  mouse_down_middle = 0;
  mouse_down_right = 0;
  mouse_down_last = 0;

  // initialize the TurtleCanvas::colors
  int i;
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS] = wxColour(0, 0, 0);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+1] = wxColour(0, 0, 255);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+2] = wxColour(0, 255, 0);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+3] = wxColour(0, 255, 255);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+4] = wxColour(255, 0, 0);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+5] = wxColour(255, 0, 255);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+6] = wxColour(255, 255, 0);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+7] = wxColour(255, 255, 255);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+8] = wxColour(155, 96, 59);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+9] = wxColour(197, 136, 18);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+10] = wxColour(100, 162, 64);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+11] = wxColour(120, 187, 187);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+12] = wxColour(255, 149, 119);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+13] = wxColour(144, 113, 208);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+14] = wxColour(255, 163, 0);
    TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+15] = wxColour(183, 183, 183);
  for(i=SPECIAL_COLORS+16;ixgr_pen.vis = 0;
  int screen_width, screen_height;
  parent->GetSize(&screen_width, &screen_height);
  setInfo(SCREEN_WIDTH, screen_width);
  setInfo(SCREEN_HEIGHT, screen_height);
  turtleFrame->xgr_pen.xpos = screen_width/2;
  turtleFrame->xgr_pen.ypos = screen_height/2;
  pictureleft = pictureright = screen_width/2;
  picturetop = picturebottom = screen_height/2;
  turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color = 7;
  turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pw = 1;
  turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pen_mode = PEN_DOWN;


#if USE_MEMDC

  m_memDC=new wxMemoryDC();
  
  //make a bitmap the maximum size of the screen (the monitor, not the drawing area)
  int m_w,m_h; //monitor screen width and height
  wxDisplaySize(&m_w,&m_h);
  m_bitmap = new wxBitmap(m_w, m_h);

  PrepareDC(*m_memDC);
  wxBrush myBrush(TurtleCanvas::colors[turtleFrame->back_ground
				       +SPECIAL_COLORS],wxSOLID);
  m_memDC->SelectObject(*m_bitmap);
  m_memDC->SetBackgroundMode( wxSOLID );
  m_memDC->SetBackground( myBrush );
  m_memDC->Clear();

  //compute origin based on  screen size vs monitor size
  //(BIGWIDTH - SMALLWIDTH)/2

  m_memDC->SetDeviceOrigin( (m_w - screen_width)/2, 
			    (m_h - screen_height)/2 );

  wxFont f(FONT_CFG(wx_font_face, wx_font_size));
  m_memDC->SetFont(f);

  
#endif

  
}

TurtleCanvas::~TurtleCanvas() {
  turtleGraphics = 0;
}


void TurtleCanvas::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event))
{
  wxdprintf("OnPaint starts\n");

  wxPaintDC dc(this);
  OnDraw(dc);
  wxdprintf("OnPaint ends\n");
}

void TurtleCanvas::OnSize(wxSizeEvent& event) {

  wxdprintf("OnSize starts\n");

  int m_w,m_h;
  int screen_width, screen_height;

  wxDisplaySize(&m_w,&m_h);

  logoFrame->GetSize(&screen_width, &screen_height);
  setInfo(SCREEN_WIDTH, screen_width);
  setInfo(SCREEN_HEIGHT, screen_height);

#if USE_MEMDC  
  m_memDC->SetDeviceOrigin( (m_w - screen_width)/2, 
			    (m_h - screen_height)/2 );
  
#endif

  wxClientDC dc(this);

  OnDraw(dc);

  wxdprintf("OnSize ends\n");
}

extern FLONUM turtle_x, turtle_y, turtle_heading;
extern "C" FLONUM x_scale, y_scale;
extern "C" BOOLEAN user_turtle_shown;
extern "C" FIXNUM g_round(FLONUM n);

void TurtleCanvas::DrawTurtle(wxDC &dc) {
  FLONUM real_heading;
  int left_x, left_y, right_x, right_y, top_x, top_y;
  double cos_real_heading, sin_real_heading;
  FLONUM delta_x, delta_y;
  if (!user_turtle_shown) {
    return;
  }
  const FLONUM degrad = 0.017453292520;
  const int screen_width = wxGetInfo(SCREEN_WIDTH);
  const int screen_height = wxGetInfo(SCREEN_HEIGHT);
  const int screen_top = 0;
  const int screen_left = 0;
  const FLONUM turtle_side = 19.0;
  const FLONUM turtle_half_bottom = 6.0;
  const int screen_x_center = (screen_left + (screen_width)/2);
  const int screen_y_center = (screen_top + (screen_height)/2);

  real_heading = -turtle_heading + 90.0;

  cos_real_heading = cos((FLONUM)(real_heading*degrad));
  sin_real_heading = sin((FLONUM)(real_heading*degrad));

  delta_x = x_scale*(FLONUM)(sin_real_heading*turtle_half_bottom);
  delta_y = y_scale*(FLONUM)(cos_real_heading*turtle_half_bottom);

  left_x = g_round(turtle_x - delta_x);
  left_y = g_round(turtle_y + delta_y);

  right_x = g_round(turtle_x + delta_x);
  right_y = g_round(turtle_y - delta_y);

  top_x = g_round(turtle_x + x_scale*(FLONUM)(cos_real_heading*turtle_side));
  top_y = g_round(turtle_y + y_scale*(FLONUM)(sin_real_heading*turtle_side));

  /* move to right, draw to left, draw to top, draw to right */
  //move_to(screen_x_center + right_x, screen_y_center - right_y);
  //line_to(screen_x_center + left_x, screen_y_center - left_y);
  dc.SetPen(wxPen(colors[turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color+SPECIAL_COLORS],
		  turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pw, wxSOLID));
  dc.DrawLine(screen_x_center + right_x, screen_y_center - right_y,
	      screen_x_center + left_x, screen_y_center - left_y);
  //line_to(screen_x_center + top_x, screen_y_center - top_y);
  dc.DrawLine(screen_x_center + left_x, screen_y_center - left_y,
	      screen_x_center + top_x, screen_y_center - top_y);
  //line_to(screen_x_center + right_x, screen_y_center - right_y);
  dc.DrawLine(screen_x_center + top_x, screen_y_center - top_y,
	      screen_x_center + right_x, screen_y_center - right_y);

}

void TurtleCanvas::OnDraw(wxDC &dc) {
  int x, y;

  //dc.DestroyClippingRegion();
  
  GetSize(&x, &y);
  
#if USE_MEMDC
  dc.Blit(0,0,x,y,m_memDC,0,0);
  DrawTurtle(dc);
  return;
#endif
	
  int unset_windowDC = 0;
  if(windowDC == 0) {   //OnSize may be triggered multiple times...
    windowDC = &dc;
    unset_windowDC++;
  }
  
  drawToWindow++;
  redraw_graphics();
  drawToWindow--;
  if(unset_windowDC) {
    windowDC = 0;
    unset_windowDC--;
  }

}

void TurtleCanvas::OnFocus (wxFocusEvent & event){
  wxTerminal::terminal->SetFocus();
}

void TurtleCanvas::LoseFocus (wxFocusEvent & event){
  
}

void TurtleCanvas::SetOwner(wxFrame * owner) {
	m_owner = owner;
}

wxFrame *  TurtleCanvas::GetOwner() {
	return m_owner;
}

wxDC *  TurtleCanvas::GetDC() {
	return dc;
}

void TurtleCanvas::OnEraseBackGround(wxEraseEvent& event) {
	wxdprintf("Executing OnEraseBackGround\n");
}


void TurtleCanvas::drawOneLine(struct line *l, wxDC *dc) {
    wxPen myPen;
    wxColour xorColor;

    if (l->pm==PEN_ERASE) {
	myPen = wxPen(TurtleCanvas::colors[turtleFrame->back_ground+
					    SPECIAL_COLORS],
			l->pw, wxSOLID);

    } else if (l->pm==PEN_REVERSE) {
	unsigned int pr, pg, pb, br, bg, bb;
	get_palette(l->color, &pr, &pg, &pb);
	get_palette(turtleFrame->back_ground, &br, &bg, &bb);
	xorColor=wxColour((pr^br)/256, (pg^bg)/256, (pb^bb)/256);
	myPen = wxPen(xorColor, l->pw, wxSOLID);

    } else if(drawToPrinter && turtleFrame->back_ground==0 && l->color==7){
	myPen = wxPen( wxT("black"), l->pw, wxSOLID);
    } else {
	myPen = wxPen(TurtleCanvas::colors[l->color+SPECIAL_COLORS],
			l->pw, wxSOLID);
    }
    dc->SetPen(myPen);

    if(l->pm==PEN_REVERSE){
	dc->SetLogicalFunction(wxXOR);
    } else {  
	dc->SetLogicalFunction(wxCOPY);
    }
    if(l->vis) {
      dc->DrawLine(l->x1,l->y1,l->x2,l->y2);
      dc->DrawPoint(l->x2,l->y2);	/* draw endpoint */
	if (!drawToPrinter && !drawToWindow) {
	    if (l->x2 < pictureleft) pictureleft = l->x2;
	    if (l->x2 > pictureright) pictureright = l->x2;
	    if (l->y2 < picturetop) picturetop = l->y2;
	    if (l->y2 > picturebottom) picturebottom = l->y2;
	}
    }
    turtlePosition_x = l->x2;
    turtlePosition_y = l->y2;
    dc->SetPen(wxNullPen);

}

extern "C" int turtle_shown;
extern "C" void draw_turtle();
extern int editor_active;  //from TextEditor.cpp

void TurtleCanvas::editCall(){ 
  editor_active = 1;  
  editWindow->Clear();
  topsizer->Show(wxTerminal::terminal, 0);
  topsizer->Show(turtleGraphics, 0);
  topsizer->Show(editWindow, 1);
  logoFrame->SetUpEditMenu();
  topsizer->Layout();
  editWindow->SetFocus();
  FILE * filestream;
  filestream = fopen(file, "r");
  if (filestream == NULL) {
		filestream = fopen(file, "w");
  }
  fclose(filestream);
  editWindow->Load(wxString(file,wxConvUTF8));
  //need to busy wait and handle events...
  while(editor_active) {
    if(check_wx_stop(1))
      break; 
    wxMilliSleep(10);
  }
}

extern "C" void mouse_down(int);

void
TurtleCanvas::OnLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event) {
  mouse_down_left = 1;
  mouse_down_last = 1;
  clickPosition_x = mousePosition_x;
  clickPosition_y = mousePosition_y;
    mouse_down(0);
  event.Skip(); //allow native handler to set focus
}
void TurtleCanvas::OnLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event) {
  mouse_down_left = 0;
  event.Skip(); //allow native handler to set focus
}
void TurtleCanvas::OnMiddleDown(wxMouseEvent& event) {
  mouse_down_middle = 3;
  mouse_down_last = 3;
  clickPosition_x = mousePosition_x;
  clickPosition_y = mousePosition_y;
    mouse_down(0);
  event.Skip(); //allow native handler to set focus
}
void TurtleCanvas::OnMiddleUp(wxMouseEvent& event) {
  mouse_down_middle = 0;
  event.Skip(); //allow native handler to set focus
}
void TurtleCanvas::OnRightDown(wxMouseEvent& event) {
  mouse_down_right = 2;
  mouse_down_last = 2;
  clickPosition_x = mousePosition_x;
  clickPosition_y = mousePosition_y;
    mouse_down(0);
  event.Skip(); //allow native handler to set focus
}
void TurtleCanvas::OnRightUp(wxMouseEvent& event) {
  mouse_down_right = 0;
  event.Skip(); //allow native handler to set focus
}

void TurtleCanvas::OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event){
  mousePosition_x = event.m_x;
  mousePosition_y = event.m_y;
  event.Skip(); //allow native handler to set focus
}


extern "C" pen_info* getPen();

void TurtleCanvas::realClearScreen(wxDC *dc) {
    wxBrush myBrush(TurtleCanvas::colors[turtleFrame->back_ground+
					    SPECIAL_COLORS],wxSOLID);
    if(drawToPrinter && turtleFrame->back_ground==0){
	    myBrush.SetColour(_T("white"));
    }
    dc->SetBackgroundMode( wxSOLID );
    dc->SetBackground( myBrush );
    dc->Clear();
    if (!drawToPrinter && !drawToWindow) {
	pictureleft = pictureright = getInfo(SCREEN_WIDTH)/2;
	picturetop = picturebottom = getInfo(SCREEN_HEIGHT)/2;
    }
}

void TurtleCanvas::realFloodFill(int color, wxDC *dc) {
    wxColour c;
//fprintf(stderr, "realFloodFill: (x,y): (%d, %d)\n", turtlePosition_x, turtlePosition_y);
    dc->GetPixel(turtlePosition_x, turtlePosition_y, &c);
    wxBrush brush(TurtleCanvas::colors[color+SPECIAL_COLORS]);

    dc->SetBrush(brush);
    if (drawToPrinter) {
      dc->SetUserScale(1.0, 1.0);
      dc->FloodFill((long)(turtlePosition_x*fillScale),
		    (long)(turtlePosition_y*fillScale) , c);
      dc->SetUserScale(fillScale, fillScale);
    } else {
      dc->FloodFill(turtlePosition_x, turtlePosition_y , c);
    }


//    dc->FloodFill(dc->LogicalToDeviceX(turtlePosition_x), dc->LogicalToDeviceY(turtlePosition_y) , c);

}

void TurtleCanvas::realdoFilled(int fillcolor, int count,
				    struct mypoint *points, wxDC *dc) {
    wxPen myPen;
    wxPoint *wxpoints = (wxPoint*)malloc(count*sizeof(wxPoint));
    wxPoint *wxptr;
    struct mypoint *ptr;

    for (wxptr = wxpoints, ptr = points; ptr < &points[count];
	    wxptr++, ptr++) {
	 wxptr->x = ptr->x;
	 wxptr->y = ptr->y;
    }

    if(drawToPrinter && turtleFrame->back_ground==0 &&
		turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color==7){
	myPen = wxPen( wxT("black"), turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pw, wxSOLID);
    } else {
	myPen = wxPen(colors[turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color+SPECIAL_COLORS],
			turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pw, wxSOLID);
    }
    dc->SetPen(myPen);
    wxBrush brush(TurtleCanvas::colors[fillcolor+SPECIAL_COLORS], wxSOLID);

    dc->SetBrush(brush);
    dc->DrawPolygon(count, wxpoints);
    free(wxpoints);

}

extern "C" FLONUM y_scale;

extern "C" void wx_get_label_size(int *w, int *h) {
    /* returns size in pixels; converted to turtle steps in wxterm.c */
  int descent, extlead;
  m_memDC->GetTextExtent(wxString("M", wxConvUTF8, wxString::npos), w, h, &descent, &extlead);  
}

extern "C" void wx_adjust_label_height() {
    //take the font name, change the size based on scrunch
    int px_height = y_scale * label_height;
    int descent, extlead; 
    int cw,ch;

    wxFont label_font = m_memDC->GetFont();
    //now, initial guess for pt size is height / 1.5
    int font_size = px_height * 3 / 2;
    label_font.SetPointSize(font_size);

    m_memDC->SetFont(label_font);	
    m_memDC->GetTextExtent(wxString("M", wxConvUTF8, wxString::npos), &cw, &ch, &descent, &extlead);

    //now... first figure out whether we undershot or overshot...
    //this determines which direction to change the size

    int tmp_height = ch;
    wxFont tmp_font = label_font;
    if(tmp_height < px_height) {
        //increase the point size until we get two consecutive font sizes
        //where one is below px_height and one is above px_height
        int expected;
        while(tmp_height < px_height) {
            expected = tmp_font.GetPointSize() + 1;
            while(tmp_font.GetPointSize() != expected && expected <= 100){
	  	expected++;
		tmp_font.SetPointSize(expected);
	    }
	    if (expected == 100) break;
	    m_memDC->SetFont(tmp_font);	
	    m_memDC->GetTextExtent(wxString("M", wxConvUTF8, wxString::npos), &cw, &tmp_height, &descent, &extlead);

	    if(tmp_height >= px_height) break;

	    label_font.SetPointSize(expected);
	    ch = tmp_height;
	}       	
    }
    else {
        //same as above, but decrease instead
        int expected;
        while(tmp_height > px_height) {
            expected = tmp_font.GetPointSize() - 1;
            while(tmp_font.GetPointSize() != expected && expected >= 2){
	  	expected--;
		tmp_font.SetPointSize(expected);
	    }
	    if (expected == 2) break;
	    m_memDC->SetFont(tmp_font);	
	    m_memDC->GetTextExtent(wxString("M", wxConvUTF8, wxString::npos), &cw, &tmp_height, &descent, &extlead);

	    if(tmp_height <= px_height) break;

	    label_font.SetPointSize(expected);
	    ch = tmp_height;
	}
    }
    //now we have two fonts and two heights, we pick the closest one!
    int curr_diff = ch - px_height;
    int tmp_diff = tmp_height - px_height;
    if(curr_diff < 0) curr_diff = -curr_diff;
    if(tmp_diff < 0) tmp_diff = -tmp_diff;

//    fprintf(stderr, "ph: %d, cpt: %d, ch: %d, tpt: %d, th: %d \n", px_height, label_font.GetPointSize(), ch, tmp_font.GetPointSize(), tmp_height);
    if(curr_diff < tmp_diff) {
        m_memDC->SetFont(label_font);
    }
    else if(curr_diff > tmp_diff) {
        m_memDC->SetFont(tmp_font);
    }
    else {
        // if difference are the same, pick the smaller one
        if(ch < tmp_height) {
	    m_memDC->SetFont(label_font);
        }	
	else {
  	    m_memDC->SetFont(tmp_font);
	}
    }
}

bool TurtleCanvas::SetFont(const wxFont &f) {
    m_memDC->SetFont(f);
    wx_adjust_label_height();
    
    return TRUE;
}

void TurtleCanvas::realDrawLabel(char *data, wxDC *dc) {
    wxString s(data, wxConvUTF8);
    wxCoord wid, ht;
	
    dc->GetTextExtent(s, &wid, &ht);
    dc->SetBackgroundMode(wxTRANSPARENT);
    if (turtleFrame->back_ground == 0 && drawToPrinter) {
	dc->SetTextBackground(TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+7]);
	if (turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color == 7)
	    dc->SetTextForeground(TurtleCanvas::colors[SPECIAL_COLORS+0]);
	else
	    dc->SetTextForeground(TurtleCanvas::colors
				  [turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color+SPECIAL_COLORS]);
    } else {
	dc->SetTextBackground(TurtleCanvas::colors[turtleFrame->back_ground+
						    SPECIAL_COLORS]);
	dc->SetTextForeground(TurtleCanvas::colors[turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color+
						    SPECIAL_COLORS]);
    }
    dc->DrawText(s, getPen()->xpos, getPen()->ypos-ht);
    if (!drawToPrinter) {
	if (getPen()->xpos < pictureleft) pictureleft = getPen()->xpos;
	if (getPen()->xpos+wid > pictureright)
	    pictureright = getPen()->xpos+wid;
	if (getPen()->ypos-ht < picturetop) picturetop = getPen()->ypos-ht;
	if (getPen()->ypos > picturebottom) picturebottom = getPen()->ypos;
    }
}


/* A setter function for various turtle graphics properties */
void TurtleCanvas::setInfo(int type, int val){
	switch (type){
	case SCREEN_WIDTH:
		turtleFrame->screen_width = val;
		break;
	case SCREEN_HEIGHT:
		turtleFrame->screen_height = val;
		break;
	case BACK_GROUND:
		turtleFrame->back_ground = val;
		break;
	case IN_SPLITSCREEN:
		turtleFrame->in_splitscreen = val;
		break;
	case IN_GRAPHICS_MODE:
		turtleFrame->in_graphics_mode = val;
		break;
	}

}

/* A getter function for various turtle graphics properties */
int TurtleCanvas::getInfo(int type){
	switch (type){
	case SCREEN_WIDTH:
		return turtleFrame->screen_width;
		break;
	case SCREEN_HEIGHT:
		return turtleFrame->screen_height;
		break;
	case BACK_GROUND:
		return turtleFrame->back_ground;
		break;
	case IN_SPLITSCREEN:
		return turtleFrame->in_splitscreen;
		break;
	case IN_GRAPHICS_MODE:
		return turtleFrame->in_graphics_mode;
		break;
	}
	return -1;

}


void TurtleCanvas::OnPageSetup(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
{
    (*g_pageSetupData) = *g_printData;

    wxPageSetupDialog pageSetupDialog(this, g_pageSetupData);
    pageSetupDialog.ShowModal();

    (*g_printData) = pageSetupDialog.GetPageSetupDialogData().GetPrintData();
    (*g_pageSetupData) = pageSetupDialog.GetPageSetupDialogData();
}


void TurtleCanvas::PrintTurtleWindow(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)) {
    wxPrintDialogData printDialogData(* g_printData);

    wxPrinter printer(& printDialogData);
    TurtleWindowPrintout printout(_T("Turtle Graphics"));
    if (!printer.Print(turtleFrame, &printout, true /*prompt*/)) {
        if (wxPrinter::GetLastError() == wxPRINTER_ERROR)
	        wxMessageBox(_T("There was a problem printing.\nPerhaps your current printer is not set correctly?"), _T("Printing"), wxOK);
    } else {
        (*g_printData) = printer.GetPrintDialogData().GetPrintData();
    }
}


void TurtleCanvas::TurtlePrintPreview(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)) {
    // Pass two printout objects: for preview, and possible printing.
    wxPrintDialogData printDialogData(* g_printData);
    wxPrintPreview *preview = new wxPrintPreview(new TurtleWindowPrintout, new TurtleWindowPrintout, & printDialogData);
    if (!preview->Ok())
    {
        delete preview;
        wxMessageBox(_T("There was a problem previewing.\nPerhaps your current printer is not set correctly?"), _T("Previewing"), wxOK);
        return;
    }
    preview->SetZoom(100);
    wxPreviewFrame *frame = new wxPreviewFrame(preview, wxTerminal::terminal->terminal, _T("Turtle Graphics Preview"), wxPoint(100, 100), wxSize(600, 650));
    frame->Centre(wxBOTH);
    frame->Initialize();
    frame->Show();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TurtleFrame Class
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------



BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(TurtleFrame, wxFrame)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

// frame constructor
TurtleFrame::TurtleFrame(wxFrame * parent, const wxString& title, const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size)
  : wxFrame(/*(wxFrame *)NULL*/ parent, -1, title, pos, size,
                 wxDEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE | wxNO_FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE)
{
   m_canvas = new TurtleCanvas( this );
}

void TurtleFrame::OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
{
    Close(TRUE);
}

TurtleCanvas * TurtleFrame::GetCanvas() {
  return m_canvas;
}


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Functions called from the interpreter thread
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

extern "C" void nop() {
}

extern "C" void set_palette(int color, unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b){
	TurtleCanvas::colors[color+SPECIAL_COLORS] =
				wxColour(r/256,g/256,b/256);
}

extern "C" void get_palette(int color, unsigned int *r, unsigned int *g, unsigned int *b){
    wxColour colour(TurtleCanvas::colors[color+SPECIAL_COLORS]);
    *r = colour.Red()*256;
    *g = colour.Green()*256;
    *b = colour.Blue()*256;
}

extern "C" void save_pen(pen_info *p) {
  memcpy(((char *)(p)),((char *)(&turtleFrame->xgr_pen)),
	   sizeof(pen_info));
}

extern "C" void restore_pen(pen_info *p) {
    memcpy(((char *)(&turtleFrame->xgr_pen)),((char *)(p)),
	   sizeof(pen_info));
}

extern "C" void set_pen_patter(){
  nop();
}

extern "C" void logofill() {
    if (drawToPrinter)
	TurtleCanvas::realFloodFill(turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color, printerDC);
    else if (drawToWindow)
	TurtleCanvas::realFloodFill(turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color, windowDC);
    else {
#if USE_MEMDC
      TurtleCanvas::realFloodFill(turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color, m_memDC);
#else
	wxDC *dc = new wxClientDC(turtleGraphics);
	TurtleCanvas::realFloodFill(turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color, dc);
	delete dc;
#endif
    }

}


extern "C" void wx_refresh() {
#if USE_MEMDC
  if(turtleGraphics) {
    turtleGraphics->Refresh();
    turtleGraphics->Update();
  }
#endif
}

/* Clear the turtle graphics screen, and put in splitscreen if we are
   currently in full text mode */
extern "C" void wx_clear() {
    if (drawToPrinter)
	TurtleCanvas::realClearScreen(printerDC);
    else if (drawToWindow)
	TurtleCanvas::realClearScreen(windowDC);
    else {
#if USE_MEMDC
      TurtleCanvas::realClearScreen(m_memDC);
#else
      wxDC *dc = new wxClientDC(turtleGraphics);
      TurtleCanvas::realClearScreen(dc);
      delete dc;
#endif

      if(!TurtleFrame::in_graphics_mode)
	wxSplitScreen();
    }
    return;
}

extern "C" char record_buffer[];

extern "C" void wxPrepare(){
    if (drawToPrinter || drawToWindow) {
      return;
    }
    
    if(!turtleFrame->in_graphics_mode) {
	wxSplitScreen();
    }
    if(!prepared){
	record_buffer[sizeof(int)] = 0;
        wx_clear();
	prepared = 1;
    }
    return;
}

/* Have turtle graphics draw the given line */
extern "C" void wxDrawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int vis){

    static int numLines = 0;
    if (!drawToPrinter && !drawToWindow) {
	if (numLines == LINEPAUSE) {
	  wxMilliSleep(1);
	  numLines = 0;
	}
	else 
	  numLines++;

    }


    
    wxDC *dc;

    struct line l;
    l.x1 = x1;
    l.y1 = y1;
    l.x2 = x2;
    l.y2 = y2;
    l.vis = vis;
    l.color = turtleFrame->xgr_pen.color;
    l.pm = turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pen_mode;
    l.pw = turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pw;
    if (drawToPrinter)
	TurtleCanvas::drawOneLine(&l, printerDC);
    else if (drawToWindow)
	TurtleCanvas::drawOneLine(&l, windowDC);
    else {
#if USE_MEMDC
        TurtleCanvas::drawOneLine(&l, m_memDC);
#else
	dc = new wxClientDC(turtleGraphics);
	TurtleCanvas::drawOneLine(&l, dc);
	delete dc;
#endif
    }
    return;
}

extern "C" void doFilled(int fillcolor, int count, struct mypoint *points) {
    if (drawToPrinter)
	TurtleCanvas::realdoFilled(fillcolor, count, points, printerDC);
    else if (drawToWindow)
	TurtleCanvas::realdoFilled(fillcolor, count, points, windowDC);
    else {
#if USE_MEMDC
      TurtleCanvas::realdoFilled(fillcolor, count, points, m_memDC);
#else
	wxDC *dc = new wxClientDC(turtleGraphics);
	TurtleCanvas::realdoFilled(fillcolor, count, points, dc);
	delete dc;
#endif
    }
}

/* Set the pen width.  Notice this only takes one number, because wx only
   allows us to set the width and not the pen height */
extern "C" void wxSetPenWidth(int width){
    turtleFrame->xgr_pen.pw = width;
}

extern "C" enum s_md {SCREEN_TEXT, SCREEN_SPLIT, SCREEN_FULL} screen_mode;

//the event calling this never seems to trigger...
void TurtleCanvas::OnChar(wxKeyEvent& event) {
  wxTerminal::terminal->OnChar(event);
}

/* Put the logoframe into splitscreen mode*/
extern "C" void wxSplitScreen(){
    turtleFrame->in_graphics_mode = 1;
    turtleFrame->in_splitscreen = 1;
    topsizer->Show(wxTerminal::terminal, 1);
    topsizer->Show(turtleGraphics, 1);
    topsizer->Show(editWindow, 0);   
    topsizer->Layout();
    wxTerminal::terminal->SetFocus();
    wxTerminal::terminal->deferUpdate(0);
    screen_mode = SCREEN_SPLIT;
}

/* Put the logoframe into full screen mode */
extern "C" void wxFullScreen(){
    turtleFrame->in_graphics_mode = 1;
    turtleFrame->in_splitscreen = 0;
    topsizer->Show(wxTerminal::terminal, 0);
    topsizer->Show(turtleGraphics, 1);
    topsizer->Show(editWindow, 0);
    topsizer->Layout();
    wxTerminal::terminal->SetFocus();
    wxTerminal::terminal->deferUpdate(1);
    screen_mode = SCREEN_FULL;
}

/* Put the logoframe into text screen mode*/
extern "C" void wxTextScreen(){
  turtleFrame->in_graphics_mode = 0;
  turtleFrame->in_splitscreen = 0;
  topsizer->Show(wxTerminal::terminal, 1);
  topsizer->Show(turtleGraphics, 0);
  topsizer->Show(editWindow, 0);
  topsizer->Layout();
  wxTerminal::terminal->SetFocus();
  wxTerminal::terminal->deferUpdate(0);
  screen_mode = SCREEN_TEXT;
}

extern "C" void wxlPrintPict(){
  wxCommandEvent event(wxEVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND);
  turtleGraphics->PrintTurtleWindow(event);
}

extern "C" void wxlPrintPreviewPict(){
  wxCommandEvent event(wxEVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND);
  turtleGraphics->TurtlePrintPreview(event);
}

extern "C" void wxlPrintText(){
  wxCommandEvent event(wxEVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND);
  logoFrame->OnPrintText(event);
}

extern "C" void wxlPrintPreviewText(){
  wxCommandEvent event(wxEVT_LOGO_CUSTOM_COMMAND);
  logoFrame->OnPrintTextPrev(event);
}

void getMousePosition (int * x, int * y) {
  *x = TurtleCanvas::mousePosition_x - wxGetInfo(SCREEN_WIDTH)/2;
  *y = wxGetInfo(SCREEN_HEIGHT)/2 - TurtleCanvas::mousePosition_y;
}

void getClickPosition (int * x, int * y) {
  *x = TurtleCanvas::clickPosition_x - wxGetInfo(SCREEN_WIDTH)/2;
  *y = wxGetInfo(SCREEN_HEIGHT)/2 - TurtleCanvas::clickPosition_y;
}

extern "C" int wxGetMouseX() {
  int x, y;
  getMousePosition(&x,&y);
  return x;
}
extern "C" int wxGetMouseY() {
  int x, y;
  getMousePosition(&x,&y);
  return y;
}

extern "C" int wxGetClickX() {
  int x, y;
  getClickPosition(&x,&y);
  return x;
}
extern "C" int wxGetClickY() {
  int x, y;
  getClickPosition(&x,&y);
  return y;
}

extern "C" int wxGetButton () {
    return TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_left + TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_middle
	    + TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_right;
}
extern "C" int wxGetLastButton () {
    return TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_last;
}

/* Show the text editor and have it load the given file */
extern "C" int wxEditFile(char * f){
  file = f;
  alreadyDone = 0;
  //turtleGraphics->ProcessEvent(editEvent);
  turtleGraphics->editCall();
 
  return editWindow->doSave;
}

extern "C" pen_info* getPen(){
	return &turtleFrame->xgr_pen;	
}

extern "C" void wxSetInfo(int type, int val) {
    TurtleCanvas::setInfo(type, val);
}

extern "C" int wxGetInfo(int type) {
    return TurtleCanvas::getInfo(type);
}

extern "C" void wxLabel(char * string) {
    if (drawToPrinter) 
	TurtleCanvas::realDrawLabel(string, printerDC);
    else if (drawToWindow) 
	TurtleCanvas::realDrawLabel(string, windowDC);
    else {
#if USE_MEMDC
      TurtleCanvas::realDrawLabel(string, m_memDC);
#else
	wxDC *dc = new wxClientDC(turtleGraphics);
	TurtleCanvas::realDrawLabel(string, dc);
	delete dc;	
#endif
    }
}


void TurtleCanvas::exitApplication()
{
}




// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TurtleWindowPrintout
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

extern int turtle_shown;

bool TurtleWindowPrintout::OnPrintPage(int page)
{
    int w,h; 
    wxDC *dc=GetDC();
    int oldshown = turtle_shown;

    if (!dc) return false;

#if !defined(__WXMAC__) && !defined(__WXMSW__)
  //using a memdc for printer here
    /*
     *  Create our bitmap for copying
     */
  
    dc->GetSize(&w, &h);
 
    wxMemoryDC *printMemDC = new wxMemoryDC();
    wxBitmap *printBitmap = new wxBitmap(w,h);
    printMemDC->SelectObject(*printBitmap);

    printerDC = printMemDC;
#else
    printerDC = dc;
#endif

#if 0
//#ifndef __WXMAC__   /* needed for wxWidgets 2.6 */
    int maxX = pictureright - pictureleft;
    int maxY = picturebottom - picturetop;

    FitThisSizeToPageMargins(wxSize(maxX, maxY), *g_pageSetupData);
    wxRect fitRect = GetLogicalPageMarginsRect(*g_pageSetupData);

    wxCoord xoff = (fitRect.width - maxX) / 2 - pictureleft;
    //wxCoord xoff = (fitRect.width - maxX) / 2;
    wxCoord yoff = (fitRect.height - maxY) / 2 - picturetop;
    //wxCoord yoff = (fitRect.height - maxY) / 2;
    OffsetLogicalOrigin(xoff, yoff);
#else
    float maxX = pictureright - pictureleft;
    float maxY = picturebottom - picturetop;

    // Let's have at least 50 device units margin
    float marginX = 50;
    float marginY = 50;

    // Get the size of the DC in pixels
    
#if defined(__WXMAC__) || defined(__WXMSW__)
     dc->GetSize(&w, &h);   //this is now done above with memDC
#endif

    // Calculate a suitable scaling factor
    float scaleX=(float)((w-2*marginX)/maxX);
    float scaleY=(float)((h-2*marginY)/maxY);

    // Use x or y scaling factor, whichever fits on the DC
    float actualScale = wxMin(scaleX,scaleY);

    // Calculate the position on the DC for centring the graphic
    float posX = (float)((w - actualScale*maxX)/2)-pictureleft*actualScale;
    float posY = (float)((h - actualScale*maxY)/2)-picturetop*actualScale;

    // Set the scale and origin
    printerDC->SetUserScale(actualScale, actualScale);
    printerDC->SetDeviceOrigin( (long)posX, (long)posY );
    fillScale = actualScale;
#endif

    drawToPrinter = 1;
    turtle_shown = 0;
    redraw_graphics();
    turtle_shown = oldshown;
    drawToPrinter = 0;

#if !defined(__WXMAC__) && !defined(__WXMSW__)
    //now print the bitmap to the dc
    //actualPrinterDC->Blit(0,0,w,h,printMemDC,0,0); //appears not to work
    dc->DrawBitmap(*printBitmap, 0, 0);

    //delete bitmap and memorydc
    delete printBitmap;
    delete printMemDC;
#endif

    return true;
}

bool TurtleWindowPrintout::OnBeginDocument(int startPage, int endPage)
{
    if (!wxPrintout::OnBeginDocument(startPage, endPage))
        return false;
	
    return true;
}

void TurtleWindowPrintout::GetPageInfo(int *minPage, int *maxPage, int *selPageFrom, int *selPageTo)
{
    *minPage = 1;
    *maxPage = 1;
    *selPageFrom = 1;
    *selPageTo = 1;
}

bool TurtleWindowPrintout::HasPage(int pageNum)
{
    return (pageNum == 1);
}
ucblogo-6.1/wxTerminal.h0000664000175000017500000002057213557147341013435 0ustar  jjcjjc#ifndef INCLUDE_WXTERM
#define INCLUDE_WXTERM

#ifdef __GNUG__
#pragma interface
#endif

#include 
#include 

#define CURSOR_BLINK_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT	300
#define CURSOR_BLINK_MAX_TIMEOUT	2000
#define wxEVT_COMMAND_TERM_RESIZE        wxEVT_USER_FIRST + 1000
#define wxEVT_COMMAND_TERM_NEXT          wxEVT_USER_FIRST + 1001

#define EVT_TERM_RESIZE(id, fn) { wxEVT_COMMAND_TERM_RESIZE, id, -1, (wxObjectEventFunction) (wxEventFunction) (wxCommandEventFunction) &fn, (wxObject *)NULL },


class TurtleWindowPrintout: public wxPrintout
{
 public:
  TurtleWindowPrintout(wxChar *title = _T("Turtle Graphics")):wxPrintout(title) {}
  bool OnPrintPage(int page);
  bool HasPage(int page);
  bool OnBeginDocument(int startPage, int endPage);
  void TurtlePrintPreview();
  void GetPageInfo(int *minPage, int *maxPage, int *selPageFrom, int *selPageTo);
};


// Structures for maintaining characters and lines
#define WXTERM_CB_SIZE 8000
#define WXTERM_LB_SIZE 1000

struct wxterm_char_buffer {
  char cbuf[WXTERM_CB_SIZE];       //characters
  char mbuf[WXTERM_CB_SIZE];       //mode flags
  wxterm_char_buffer *next; //next part of buffer
} ;

struct wxterm_charpos {
  wxterm_char_buffer *buf;   //which char buffer
  int offset;                //offset into buffer
  int line_length;           //length of line
} ;

#define inc_charpos(cp)   cp.offset++; \
                          if(cp.offset == WXTERM_CB_SIZE) {  \
                            if(!cp.buf->next) {  \
                              cp.buf->next = (wxterm_char_buffer *) malloc(sizeof(wxterm_char_buffer)); \
                              memset(cp.buf->next, '\0', sizeof(wxterm_char_buffer));  \
                            }  \
			    cp.buf = cp.buf->next; \
                            cp.offset = 0; \
                          }

// adjust offset >= WXTERM_CB_SIZE issues
#define adjust_charpos(cp) while(cp.offset >= WXTERM_CB_SIZE) { \
                             if(!cp.buf->next) {  \
                               cp.buf->next = (wxterm_char_buffer *) malloc(sizeof(wxterm_char_buffer)); \
                               memset(cp.buf->next, '\0', sizeof(wxterm_char_buffer));  \
                             }  \
			     cp.buf = cp.buf->next; \
                             cp.offset -= WXTERM_CB_SIZE; \
                          }
 

//lineposition consists of just a buffer and an offset.
#define inc_linepos(lp)   lp.offset++; \
                          if(lp.offset == WXTERM_LB_SIZE) { \
                              if(!lp.buf->next) { \
                                lp.buf->next = (wxterm_line_buffer *) malloc(sizeof(wxterm_line_buffer)); \
                                memset(lp.buf->next, 0, sizeof(wxterm_line_buffer)); \
                              } \
                              lp.buf = lp.buf->next; \
                              lp.offset = 0; \
                          }

//adjust offset >= WXTERM_LB_SIZE issue
#define adjust_linepos(lp) while(lp.offset >= WXTERM_LB_SIZE) { \
                               if(!lp.buf->next) { \
                                 lp.buf->next = (wxterm_line_buffer *) malloc(sizeof(wxterm_line_buffer)); \
                                 memset(lp.buf->next, 0, sizeof(wxterm_line_buffer)); \
                               } \
                               lp.buf = lp.buf->next; \
                               lp.offset -= WXTERM_LB_SIZE; \
                           }

                               
struct wxterm_line_buffer {
  wxterm_charpos lbuf[WXTERM_LB_SIZE];  //lines
  wxterm_line_buffer *next;          //next part of buffer
};

struct wxterm_linepos {
  wxterm_line_buffer *buf;  //which line buffer
  int offset;               //offset into line buffer
};


#define line_of(lpos) lpos.buf->lbuf[lpos.offset]
#define char_of(cpos) cpos.buf->cbuf[cpos.offset]
#define mode_of(cpos) cpos.buf->mbuf[cpos.offset]

// enter/exit standout mode character
#define TOGGLE_STANDOUT 17

  class wxTerminal : public wxScrolledWindow
{

 public:
  int m_charWidth;
  int m_charHeight;

  int  m_width;
  int m_height;
  int  m_curFG,
    m_curBG;
 private:
  int  m_selx1,
    m_sely1,
    m_selx2,
    m_sely2,
    m_seloldx1,
    m_seloldy1,
    m_seloldx2,
    m_seloldy2,
    m_curX,
    m_curY,
    m_curFlags;

  //used in enableScrolling
  int 
    m_vscroll_pos;

  //number of input lines ready
  int m_inputLines;
  bool m_inputReady; //whether ENTER was hit.


  bool
    m_selecting;
//    m_marking;

  wxColour
//    m_vt_colors[16],
//    m_pc_colors[16],
    m_colors[16];

  wxPen
//    m_vt_colorPens[16],
 //   m_pc_colorPens[16],
    m_colorPens[16];

  wxFont
    m_normalFont,
    m_underlinedFont,
    m_boldFont,
    m_boldUnderlinedFont;

  wxMemoryDC
    m_memDC;

  FILE
    *m_printerFN;

  char
    *m_printerName;


// character buffer
  wxterm_char_buffer *term_chars;
  wxterm_line_buffer *term_lines;
  wxterm_charpos curr_char_pos;
  wxterm_linepos curr_line_pos;
public:
  int cursor_x, cursor_y;

public:
	// mode flags
	enum MODES
        {
          BOLD=0x1, 
          BLINK=0x2, 
          UNDERLINE=0x4, 
          INVERSE=0x8,
	  DEFERUPDATE=0x10,
//          DESTRUCTBS=0x800,
          CURSORINVISIBLE=0x20,
          //SELECTED=0x40	// flag to indicate a char is selected
        };

	char m_currMode;

#if 0
  enum BOLDSTYLE
  {
    DEFAULT = -1,
    COLOR = 0,
    OVERSTRIKE = 1,
    FONT = 2
  };
#endif

private:
//  BOLDSTYLE m_boldStyle;

  typedef struct
  {
    wxKeyCode
      keyCode;

    int
      VTKeyCode;
  } TermKeyMap;


public:
  wxTerminal(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id,
         const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
         int width = 81, int height = 25,
         const wxString& name = _T("wxTerminal"));

  virtual ~wxTerminal();
  // For printing the text
  wxHtmlEasyPrinting *htmlPrinter;
  int 
	  x_coord,
	  y_coord,
	  x_max,
	  y_max,
	  isEditFile;
  static wxTerminal *terminal; 
  void GetCharSize(int *cw, int *ch);
  bool SetFont(const wxFont& font);
  void GetColors(wxColor colors[16]/*, wxTerminal::BOLDSTYLE boldStyle = wxTerminal::DEFAULT*/);
  void deferUpdate(int);
  void set_mode_flag(int flag);
  void clear_mode_flag(int flag);

  void ClearSelection();
  bool HasSelection();
  wxString GetChars(int x1,int y1,int x2, int y2);
  wxString GetSelection();
  void SelectAll();
  wxterm_linepos GetLinePosition(int y);
  wxterm_charpos GetCharPosition(int x, int y);
  void DoCopy();
  void DoPaste();
  void ProcessInput();
  void Flush ();
  void OnSize(wxSizeEvent& event);
  void terminalEvent (wxCommandEvent & event);
  void PassInputToInterp();
  void setCursor (int x, int y, bool fromLogo = FALSE);

  //scrolling
  void EnableScrolling(bool want_scrolling);
    
  virtual void DrawText(wxDC& dc, int fg_color, int bg_color, int flags,
                        int x, int y, int len, char *string);

//  virtual void MoveChars(int sx, int sy, int dx, int dy, int w, int h);
//  virtual void ClearChars(int bg_color, int x, int y, int w, int h);
//  virtual void ModeChange(int state);
  virtual void Bell();
  void RenumberLines(int new_width);
  virtual void ResizeTerminal(int w, int h);
//  virtual void RequestSizeChange(int w, int h);

  void DebugOutputBuffer();
  void InsertChar(char c);
  void NextLine();
  virtual void PassInputToTerminal(int len, char *data);

  wxString *get_text();

  void ClearScreen();

  virtual void SelectPrinter(char *PrinterName);
  virtual void PrintChars(int len, char *data);


  //TurtleCanvas passes char to here.
  void OnChar(wxKeyEvent& event);

  void handle_backspace();
  void handle_home();
  void handle_end();
  void handle_clear_to_end();
  void handle_history_prev();
  void handle_history_next();
  void handle_left();
  void handle_right();



private:
  int MapKeyCode(int keyCode);
  void InvertArea(wxDC &dc, int tx1, int tx2, int w, int h, bool scrolled_coord = FALSE);
  void MarkSelection(wxDC &dc, bool scrolled_coord = FALSE);

  int CheckPlatformKeys(wxKeyEvent& event);
  void OnKeyDown(wxKeyEvent& event);
  void OnEraseBackground(wxEraseEvent& event);
  void OnPaint(wxPaintEvent& event);
  void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
  void GetClickCoords(wxMouseEvent& event, int *x, int *y);
  void OnLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event);
  void OnLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
  void OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event);
  void LoseFocus (wxFocusEvent & event);
  
  DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};

 enum terminalEvents {
    CLEARTEXT = 0,
    SETCURSOR
  };

void init_Logo_Interpreter (int argc, char ** argv);
#endif /* INCLUDE_WXTERM */

ucblogo-6.1/wxTerminal.cpp0000664000175000017500000020134113575571772013774 0ustar  jjcjjc/* This file implements the logo frame, which is the main frame that
   contains the terminal, turtle graphics and the editor.

CONTAINED IN #IF 0 BLOCKS:
-- if user types input, presses UP, and then DOWN, it remembers it...
   feature isn't very complete, though...
   to implement, probably need TWO copies of the history buffer

*/

#include 

#ifdef __GNUG__
    #pragma implementation "wxTerminal.h"
#endif

// For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx/wx.h".
#include "wx/wxprec.h"

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
    #pragma hdrstop
#endif

// for all others, include the necessary headers (this file is usually all you
// need because it includes almost all "standard" wxWindows headers
#ifndef WX_PRECOMP
    #include "wx/wx.h"
#endif

#include 
extern std::string pathString;
#include 
#include 

extern "C" int readingInstruction;

#include 
#include "LogoFrame.h"
#include "wxGlobals.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include   //buffered_DC
#include "wxTurtleGraphics.h"
#include "TextEditor.h"
#ifndef __WXMSW__
    #include "config.h"
#endif
#ifdef __WXMAC__
    #include "CoreFoundation/CFBundle.h"
#endif
#include "wxTerminal.h"		/* must come after wxTurtleGraphics.h */
#include 

// in Visual Studio 6.0, min and max are not defined up this point
#ifndef max
#define max(a,b)    (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#endif

#ifndef min
#define min(a,b)    (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#endif

using namespace std;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Globals
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This is for the input for terminal-like behavior
char input_buffer [MAXINBUFF+1];
// How far into the input_buffer we are
int input_index = 0;
// Where the cursor is in the input_buffer
int input_current_pos = 0;


//history storage
char *cmdHistory[HIST_MAX] = {0};
char **hist_inptr, **hist_outptr; 

#if 0
//temporary storage of currently typed input
//so that if we retrieve history and then come back, we can see it again
char latest_history_buffer[MAXINBUFF];
int latest_history_stored = 0;
#endif

// if logo is in character mode
int logo_char_mode;
extern "C" int reading_char_now;
// the terminal DC
wxFont old_font;
wxTextAttr old_style;
// when edit is called in logo
TextEditor * editWindow;
// the turtle graphics we are using
TurtleCanvas * turtleGraphics; 
// this contains the previous 3 window
wxBoxSizer *topsizer;
LogoFrame *logoFrame;
LogoEventManager *logoEventManager;

// used to calculate where the cursor should be
int cur_x = 0, cur_y = 0;
int first = 1;
int last_logo_x = 0, last_logo_y = 0;
int last_input_x = 0, last_input_y = 0;
// the menu
wxMenuBar* menuBar;

extern "C" void wxTextScreen();

char *fooargv[2] = {"UCBLogo", 0};

// This is for stopping logo asynchronously
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
extern "C" RETSIGTYPE logo_stop(int);
extern "C" RETSIGTYPE logo_pause(int);
#else
extern "C" RETSIGTYPE logo_stop();
extern "C" RETSIGTYPE logo_pause();
#endif
int logo_stop_flag = 0;
int logo_pause_flag = 0;

// this is a static reference to the main terminal
wxTerminal *wxTerminal::terminal;


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// constants
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

enum
{
	
    Menu_File = 200,
	Menu_File_Save,
	Menu_File_Save_As,
	Menu_File_Load,
    Menu_File_Page_Setup,
	Menu_File_Print_Text,
	Menu_File_Print_Text_Prev,
	Menu_File_Print_Turtle,
	Menu_File_Print_Turtle_Prev,
	Menu_File_Quit,
	
	Menu_Edit = 300,
    Menu_Edit_Copy,
	Menu_Edit_Paste,
	
	Menu_Logo = 400,
	Menu_Logo_Stop,
	Menu_Logo_Pause,
	
	Menu_Font = 500,
        Menu_Font_Choose,
	Menu_Font_Inc,
	Menu_Font_Dec,
	
	Menu_Help = 600,
	Menu_Help_Man,
	
	Edit_Menu_File = 700,
	Edit_Menu_File_Close_Accept,
	Edit_Menu_File_Close_Reject,
    Edit_Menu_File_Page_Setup,
    Edit_Menu_File_Print_Text,

	
	Edit_Menu_Edit = 800,
    Edit_Menu_Edit_Copy,
	Edit_Menu_Edit_Paste,
	Edit_Menu_Edit_Cut,
	Edit_Menu_Edit_Find,
	Edit_Menu_Edit_Find_Next
	
};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LogoApplication class
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


bool LogoApplication::OnInit()
{

  logoFrame = new LogoFrame
    (_T("Berkeley Logo"));

  logoFrame->Show(TRUE);
  SetTopWindow(logoFrame);

#ifndef __WXMAC__
  m_mainLoop = new wxEventLoop();
#endif

  logoEventManager = new LogoEventManager(this);

  return TRUE;	
}

extern "C" int start (int, char **);


int LogoApplication::OnRun()
{
  wxEventLoop::SetActive(m_mainLoop);
  //SetExitOnFrameDelete(true);

  wxSetWorkingDirectory(wxStandardPaths::Get().GetDocumentsDir());

  // fix the working directory in mac
#ifdef __WXMAC__
  char path[1024];
  CFBundleRef mainBundle = CFBundleGetMainBundle();
  assert( mainBundle );

  CFURLRef mainBundleURL = CFBundleCopyBundleURL( mainBundle);
  assert( mainBundleURL);

  CFStringRef cfStringRef = CFURLCopyFileSystemPath( mainBundleURL, kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle);
  assert( cfStringRef);

  CFStringGetCString( cfStringRef, path, 1024, kCFStringEncodingASCII);

  CFRelease( mainBundleURL);
  CFRelease( cfStringRef);

  //std::string pathString(path);
  pathString = path;
  pathString+="/Contents/Resources/";
  //	chdir(pathString.c_str());

#endif

  start(1, fooargv);
  return 0;
}

int LogoApplication::OnExit() {
  return 0;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LogoEventManager class
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

LogoEventManager::LogoEventManager(LogoApplication *logoApp)
{
  m_logoApp = logoApp;
}

extern "C" void wx_refresh();
void LogoEventManager::ProcessEvents(int force_yield)
{
  static int inside_yield = 0;
  static int yield_delay = 500;  // carefully tuned fudge factor
  static int foo = yield_delay;

  foo--;

  if( m_logoApp->Pending() ) {
    while( m_logoApp->Pending() )
       m_logoApp->Dispatch();
  }
  else {
    if(force_yield || foo == 0) {
      if(!inside_yield) {
        inside_yield++;
        m_logoApp->Yield(TRUE);
        inside_yield--;
      }
    }
  }

  if(foo == 0) {
    wx_refresh();
    foo = yield_delay;
  }
}


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LogoFrame class
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE (LogoFrame, wxFrame)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Save,				LogoFrame::OnSave)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Save_As,			LogoFrame::OnSaveAs)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Load,				LogoFrame::OnLoad)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Page_Setup,			TurtleCanvas::OnPageSetup)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Print_Text,			LogoFrame::OnPrintText)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Print_Text_Prev,		LogoFrame::OnPrintTextPrev)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Print_Turtle,	TurtleCanvas::PrintTurtleWindow)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Print_Turtle_Prev,   TurtleCanvas::TurtlePrintPreview)
EVT_MENU(Menu_File_Quit,			LogoFrame::OnQuit)
EVT_MENU(Menu_Edit_Copy,			LogoFrame::DoCopy)
EVT_MENU(Menu_Edit_Paste,			LogoFrame::DoPaste)
EVT_MENU(Menu_Logo_Pause,			LogoFrame::DoPause)
EVT_MENU(Menu_Logo_Stop,			LogoFrame::DoStop)
EVT_MENU(Menu_Font_Choose,                      LogoFrame::OnSelectFont)
EVT_MENU(Menu_Font_Inc,				LogoFrame::OnIncreaseFont)
EVT_MENU(Menu_Font_Dec,				LogoFrame::OnDecreaseFont)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_File_Close_Accept,	LogoFrame::OnEditCloseAccept)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_File_Close_Reject,	LogoFrame::OnEditCloseReject)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_File_Page_Setup,		TurtleCanvas::OnPageSetup)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_File_Print_Text,		LogoFrame::OnEditPrint)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_Edit_Copy,			LogoFrame::OnEditCopy)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_Edit_Cut,			LogoFrame::OnEditCut)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_Edit_Paste,			LogoFrame::OnEditPaste)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_Edit_Find,			LogoFrame::OnEditFind)
EVT_MENU(Edit_Menu_Edit_Find_Next,		LogoFrame::OnEditFindNext)
EVT_CLOSE(LogoFrame::OnCloseWindow)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

#include "ucblogo.xpm"

extern "C" void wxSetTextColor(int fg, int bg);

//this should compute the size based on the chosen font!
LogoFrame::LogoFrame (const wxChar *title,
 int xpos, int ypos,
 int width, int height)
  : wxFrame( (wxFrame *) NULL, -1, title,
	     wxPoint(xpos, ypos),
	     wxSize(width, height)) {
  // the topsizer allows different resizeable segments in the main frame (i.e. for 
  // turtle graphics and the terminal displaying simultaneously)
  SetMinSize(wxSize(100, 100));
  SetIcon(wxIcon(ucblogo));
  logoFrame = this;
  topsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxVERTICAL );
  wxTerminal::terminal = new wxTerminal (this, -1, wxPoint(-1, -1),
			        TERM_COLS, TERM_ROWS,  _T(""));
  turtleGraphics = new TurtleCanvas( this );

  wxFont f(FONT_CFG(wx_font_face, wx_font_size));

  wxTerminal::terminal->SetFont(f);

  AdjustSize();

    wxSetTextColor(7+SPECIAL_COLORS, 0+SPECIAL_COLORS);
  editWindow = new TextEditor( this, -1, _T(""), wxDefaultPosition,
			      wxSize(100,60), wxTE_MULTILINE|wxTE_RICH, f);
  wxTerminal::terminal->isEditFile=0;
  
  topsizer->Add(
		editWindow,
		1,            // make vertically stretchable
		wxEXPAND |    // make horizontally stretchable
		wxALL,        //   and make border all around
		2 );  
 
  topsizer->Add(
		turtleGraphics,
		4,            // make vertically stretchable
		wxEXPAND |    // make horizontally stretchable
		wxALL,        //   and make border all around
		2 );
  topsizer->Add(
		wxTerminal::terminal,
		1,            // make vertically stretchable
		wxEXPAND |    // make horizontally stretchable
		wxALL,        //   and make border all around
		2 ); 
     

  topsizer->Show(wxTerminal::terminal, 1);
  topsizer->Show(turtleGraphics, 0);
  topsizer->Show(editWindow, 0);
  
  SetSizer( topsizer ); 
  
  //SetAutoLayout(true);
  //topsizer->Fit(this);
  //topsizer->SetSizeHints(this);  
  
  wxTerminal::terminal->SetFocus();
  SetUpMenu();
}

extern "C" int wx_leave_mainloop;
void LogoFrame::OnCloseWindow(wxCloseEvent& event)
{
  logo_stop_flag = 1;
  wx_leave_mainloop++;
  Destroy();
}

extern "C" int need_save;

void LogoFrame::OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    if (need_save) {
	wxMessageDialog dialog( NULL, _T("Save workspace before quitting?"),
			       _T("Quit Logo"), wxYES_DEFAULT|wxYES_NO|wxCANCEL);
	switch ( dialog.ShowModal() ) {
	    case wxID_YES:
		LogoFrame::OnSave(event);
	    /* falls through */
	    case wxID_NO:
		Close(TRUE);
	}
    } else Close(TRUE);
}



void LogoFrame::SetUpMenu(){
	int i;
	if(!menuBar)
		menuBar = new wxMenuBar( wxMB_DOCKABLE );
	else
		for(i=menuBar->GetMenuCount()-1;i>=0;i--)
			delete menuBar->Remove(i);

	
	wxMenu *fileMenu = new wxMenu;
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Load, _T("Load Logo Session \tCtrl-O"));
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Save, _T("Save Logo Session \tCtrl-S"));
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Save_As, _T("Save As..."));
	fileMenu->AppendSeparator();
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Page_Setup, _T("Page Setup"));
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Print_Text, _T("Print Text Window"));
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Print_Text_Prev, _T("Print Preview Text Window"));
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Print_Turtle, _T("Print Turtle Graphics"));
	fileMenu->Append( Menu_File_Print_Turtle_Prev, _T("Turtle Graphics Print Preview"));
	fileMenu->AppendSeparator();
	fileMenu->Append(Menu_File_Quit, _T("Quit UCBLogo \tCtrl-Q"));
	
	
	wxMenu *editMenu = new wxMenu;
		
	menuBar->Append(fileMenu, _T("&File"));
	menuBar->Append(editMenu, _T("&Edit"));

	wxMenu *logoMenu = new wxMenu;
// #ifdef __WXMSW__
// 	editMenu->Append(Menu_Edit_Copy, _T("Copy \tCtrl-C"));
// 	editMenu->Append(Menu_Edit_Paste, _T("Paste \tCtrl-V"));
// 
// 	logoMenu->Append(Menu_Logo_Pause, _T("Pause \tCtrl-P"));
// 	logoMenu->Append(Menu_Logo_Stop, _T("Stop \tCtrl-S"));	
// #else
	editMenu->Append(Menu_Edit_Copy, _T("Copy \tCtrl-C"));
	editMenu->Append(Menu_Edit_Paste, _T("Paste \tCtrl-V"));

	logoMenu->Append(Menu_Logo_Pause, _T("Pause \tAlt-P"));
	logoMenu->Append(Menu_Logo_Stop, _T("Stop \tAlt-S"));
// #endif
	menuBar->Append(logoMenu, _T("&Logo"));
	
	wxMenu *fontMenu = new wxMenu;
	fontMenu->Append(Menu_Font_Choose, _T("Select Font..."));
	fontMenu->Append(Menu_Font_Inc, _T("Increase Font Size \tCtrl-+"));
	fontMenu->Append(Menu_Font_Dec, _T("Decrease Font Size \tCtrl--"));
	menuBar->Append(fontMenu, _T("&Font"));
	
	/*wxMenu *helpMenu = new wxMenu;
	helpMenu->Append(Menu_Help_Man, _T("Browse Online Manual"));
	menuBar->Append(helpMenu, _T("&Help"));*/
	
	SetMenuBar(menuBar);
}
void LogoFrame::DoCopy(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	wxTerminal::terminal->DoCopy();
}

void LogoFrame::DoPaste(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	wxTerminal::terminal->DoPaste();
}

extern "C" void new_line(FILE *);
int firstloadsave = 1;
extern "C" void *save_name;

void doSave(char * name, int length);
void doLoad(char * name, int length);

extern "C" void *cons(void*, void*);
extern "C" void lsave(void*);

void LogoFrame::OnSave(wxCommandEvent& event) {
    if (save_name != NULL) {
	lsave(cons(save_name, NULL));
    } else {
	OnSaveAs(event);
    }
}

void LogoFrame::OnSaveAs(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)) {
	wxFileDialog dialog(this,
			    _T("Save Logo Workspace"),
			    *wxEmptyString,
			    wxEmptyString,
			    _T("Logo workspaces(*.lg)|*.lg|All files(*)|*"),
//			    "*",
			    wxFD_SAVE|wxFD_OVERWRITE_PROMPT|wxFD_CHANGE_DIR
			    );
	
//	dialog.SetFilterIndex(1);
	if (dialog.ShowModal() == wxID_OK)
	{
	    doSave((char *)dialog.GetPath().char_str(wxConvUTF8),
		   dialog.GetPath().length());
	    new_line(stdout);
	}
    firstloadsave = 0;
}

void LogoFrame::OnLoad(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	wxFileDialog dialog
	(
	 this,
	 _T("Load Logo Workspace"),
	 *wxEmptyString,
	 wxEmptyString,
	 _T("Logo workspaces(*.lg)|*.lg|All files(*)|*"),
//	 "*",
	 wxFD_OPEN|wxFD_FILE_MUST_EXIST|wxFD_CHANGE_DIR
	 );
		
	if (dialog.ShowModal() == wxID_OK) {
	    doLoad((char *)dialog.GetPath().char_str(wxConvUTF8),
		   dialog.GetPath().length());
	    new_line(stdout);
	}
    firstloadsave = 0;
}


void LogoFrame::OnPrintText(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	wxHtmlEasyPrinting *htmlPrinter=wxTerminal::terminal->htmlPrinter;
	if(!htmlPrinter){
		htmlPrinter = new wxHtmlEasyPrinting();
		int fontsizes[] = { 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 };
		htmlPrinter->SetFonts(_T("Courier"),_T("Courier"), fontsizes);
	}
	wxString *textString = wxTerminal::terminal->get_text();
	
	
	htmlPrinter->PrintText(*textString);	
	delete textString;
}

void LogoFrame::OnPrintTextPrev(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	wxHtmlEasyPrinting *htmlPrinter=wxTerminal::terminal->htmlPrinter;
	if(!htmlPrinter){
		htmlPrinter = new wxHtmlEasyPrinting();
		int fontsizes[] = { 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 };
		htmlPrinter->SetFonts(_T("Courier"),_T("Courier"), fontsizes);
	}
	wxString *textString = wxTerminal::terminal->get_text();
	
	htmlPrinter->PreviewText(*textString,_T(""));
	
}

extern "C" void wxSetFont(char *fm, int sz);

void LogoFrame::OnSelectFont(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)) {
    wxFontData data;
    data.SetInitialFont(wxTerminal::terminal->GetFont());

    wxFontDialog dialog(this, data);
    if ( dialog.ShowModal() == wxID_OK )
    {
        wxFontData retData = dialog.GetFontData();
        wxFont font = retData.GetChosenFont();

	wxSetFont((char *)font.GetFaceName().char_str(wxConvUTF8), 
		  font.GetPointSize());	
    }    
}

void LogoFrame::OnIncreaseFont(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	int expected;
	
	wxFont font = wxTerminal::terminal->GetFont();
	expected = font.GetPointSize()+1;
	
	// see that we have the font we are trying to use
	// since for some fonts, the next size is +2
	while(font.GetPointSize() != expected && expected <= 24){
		expected++;
		font.SetPointSize(expected);
	}

	wxSetFont(wx_font_face, expected);
	
}

void LogoFrame::OnDecreaseFont(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	int expected;

	wxFont font = wxTerminal::terminal->GetFont();
	expected = font.GetPointSize()-1;
	
	// see that we have the font we are trying to use
	while(font.GetPointSize() != expected && expected >= 6){
		expected--;
		font.SetPointSize(expected);
	}	

	wxSetFont(wx_font_face, expected);

}

extern "C" void *Unbound;

extern "C" void *IncreaseFont(void *) {
    wxCommandEvent dummy;
    logoFrame->OnIncreaseFont(dummy);
    return Unbound;
}

extern "C" void *DecreaseFont(void *) {
    wxCommandEvent dummy;
    logoFrame->OnDecreaseFont(dummy);
    return Unbound;
}
 
void LogoFrame::AdjustSize() {
  int char_width, char_height;	
  wxTerminal::terminal->GetCharSize(&char_width, &char_height);
  wxSize sz(char_width * TERM_COLS, char_height * TERM_ROWS + 5 );
  SetClientSize(sz);
  //Layout();
}

void LogoFrame::DoStop(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
  logo_stop_flag = 1;
}


void LogoFrame::DoPause(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
  logo_pause_flag = 1;
}

void LogoFrame::OnEditCloseAccept(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->OnCloseAccept();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditCloseReject(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->OnCloseReject();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditPrint(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->DoPrint();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditCopy(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->DoCopy();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditCut(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->DoCut();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditPaste(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->Paste();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditFind(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->OnFind();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditFindNext(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->OnFindNext();
}
void LogoFrame::OnEditSave(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event)){
	editWindow->OnSave();
}

void LogoFrame::SetUpEditMenu(){
	int i;
	for(i=menuBar->GetMenuCount()-1;i>=0;i--)
		delete menuBar->Remove(i);
	
	wxMenu *fileMenu = new wxMenu;
	fileMenu->Append( Edit_Menu_File_Close_Accept, _T("Close and Accept Changes \tAlt-A"));
	fileMenu->Append( Edit_Menu_File_Close_Reject, _T("Close and Revert Changes \tAlt-R"));
	fileMenu->AppendSeparator();
	fileMenu->Append( Edit_Menu_File_Page_Setup, _T("Page Setup"));
	fileMenu->Append( Edit_Menu_File_Print_Text, _T("Print... \tCtrl-P"));
	
	wxMenu *editMenu = new wxMenu;
	
	menuBar->Append(fileMenu, _T("&File"));
	menuBar->Append(editMenu, _T("&Edit"));
	
	
	editMenu->Append(Edit_Menu_Edit_Cut, _T("Cut \tCtrl-X"));
	editMenu->Append(Edit_Menu_Edit_Copy, _T("Copy \tCtrl-C"));
	editMenu->Append(Edit_Menu_Edit_Paste, _T("Paste \tCtrl-V"));
	editMenu->AppendSeparator();
	editMenu->Append(Edit_Menu_Edit_Find, _T("Find... \tCtrl-F"));
	editMenu->Append(Edit_Menu_Edit_Find_Next, _T("Find Next \tCtrl-G"));
	
	wxMenu *fontMenu = new wxMenu;
	fontMenu->Append(Menu_Font_Choose, _T("Select Font..."));
	fontMenu->Append(Menu_Font_Inc, _T("Increase Font Size \tCtrl-+"));
	fontMenu->Append(Menu_Font_Dec, _T("Decrease Font Size \tCtrl--"));
	menuBar->Append(fontMenu, _T("&Font"));
	
	
	logoFrame->SetMenuBar(menuBar);
}

     

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxTerminal
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
  DECLARE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_MY_CUSTOM_COMMAND, 7777)
  END_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
  DEFINE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_MY_CUSTOM_COMMAND)

#define EVT_MY_CUSTOM_COMMAND(id, fn) \
    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE_ENTRY( \
        wxEVT_MY_CUSTOM_COMMAND, id, -1, \
        (wxObjectEventFunction)(wxEventFunction)(wxCommandEventFunction)&fn, \
        (wxObject *) NULL \
    ),


BEGIN_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
  DECLARE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_TERM_CUSTOM_COMMAND, 7777)
  END_DECLARE_EVENT_TYPES()
  DEFINE_EVENT_TYPE(wxEVT_TERM_CUSTOM_COMMAND)

#define wxEVT_TERM_CUSTOM_COMMAND(id, fn) \
    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE_ENTRY( \
        wxEVT_TERM_CUSTOM_COMMAND, id, -1, \
        (wxObjectEventFunction)(wxEventFunction)(wxCommandEventFunction)&fn, \
        (wxObject *) NULL \
    ),


BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(wxTerminal, wxWindow)
EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND(wxTerminal::OnEraseBackground)
EVT_PAINT(wxTerminal::OnPaint)
EVT_CHAR(wxTerminal::OnChar)
EVT_LEFT_DOWN(wxTerminal::OnLeftDown)
EVT_LEFT_UP(wxTerminal::OnLeftUp)
EVT_MOTION(wxTerminal::OnMouseMove)
//EVT_MY_CUSTOM_COMMAND(-1, wxTerminal::Flush)
EVT_SIZE(wxTerminal::OnSize)
EVT_KILL_FOCUS(wxTerminal::LoseFocus)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

wxCommandEvent * haveInputEvent = new wxCommandEvent(wxEVT_MY_CUSTOM_COMMAND);

extern "C" void color_init(void);

 wxTerminal::wxTerminal(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id,
               const wxPoint& pos,
               int width, int height,
               const wxString& name) :
  wxScrolledWindow(parent, id, pos, wxSize(-1, -1), wxWANTS_CHARS|wxVSCROLL, name)
//    wxScrolledWindow(parent, id, pos, wxSize(-1, -1), wxWANTS_CHARS, name)
{
  //allocating char structures.
  term_chars = (wxterm_char_buffer *) malloc(sizeof(wxterm_char_buffer));
  memset(term_chars, '\0', sizeof(wxterm_char_buffer));
  term_lines = (wxterm_line_buffer *) malloc(sizeof(wxterm_line_buffer));
  memset(term_lines, 0, sizeof(wxterm_line_buffer));
  term_chars->next = 0;
  term_lines->next = 0;

  //initializations
  curr_line_pos.buf = term_lines;
  curr_line_pos.offset = 0;
  line_of(curr_line_pos).buf = term_chars;
  line_of(curr_line_pos).offset = 0;

  curr_char_pos.buf = term_chars;
  curr_char_pos.offset = 0;
  //curr_char_pos line_length not used!

  //initializing history
  hist_inptr = hist_outptr = cmdHistory; 

  m_width = width;
  m_height = height;


  m_currMode = 0;
  y_max = 0;
  x_max = m_width - 1;


  // start us out not in char mode
  logo_char_mode = 0;
  // For printing the text
  htmlPrinter = 0;
  //  set_mode_flag(DESTRUCTBS);
  wxTerminal::terminal = this;
  int
    i;

  m_selecting = FALSE;
  m_selx1 = m_sely1 = m_selx2 = m_sely2 = 0;
  m_seloldx1 = m_seloldy1= m_seloldx2 = m_seloldy2 = 0;
  //m_marking = FALSE;
  m_curX = -1;
  m_curY = -1;

  //  m_boldStyle = FONT;

  GetColors(m_colors);

    color_init();
  SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_CUSTOM);
  SetBackgroundColour(TurtleCanvas::colors[m_curBG]);
  SetMinSize(wxSize(50, 50));

  for(i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    m_colorPens[i] = wxPen(m_colors[i], 1, wxSOLID);

  m_printerFN = 0;
  m_printerName = 0;

  wxClientDC
    dc(this);
  
  GetCharSize(&m_charWidth, &m_charHeight);
  //dc.GetTextExtent("M", &m_charWidth, &m_charHeight);
  //  m_charWidth--;

  m_inputReady = FALSE;
  m_inputLines = 0;
  
  //  int x, y;
  //GetSize(&x, &y);  
  
  //  parent->SetSize(-1,-1, m_charWidth * width, m_charHeight * height + 1);
  //  SetScrollbars(m_charWidth, m_charHeight, 0, 30);
  //SetScrollRate(0, m_charHeight);
  //SetVirtualSize(m_charWidth * width, 2 * m_charHeight);  //1 row (nothing displayed yet)


  //  ResizeTerminal(width, height);

}

wxTerminal::~wxTerminal()
{
  //clean up the buffers
  wxTerminal::terminal = 0;
}

void wxTerminal::deferUpdate(int flag) {
    if (flag)
	set_mode_flag(DEFERUPDATE);
    else
	clear_mode_flag(DEFERUPDATE);
}

void wxTerminal::set_mode_flag(int flag) {
  m_currMode |= flag;
}

void wxTerminal::clear_mode_flag(int flag) {
  m_currMode &= ~flag;
}


bool
wxTerminal::SetFont(const wxFont& font)
{
  wxWindow::SetFont(font);

  m_normalFont = font;
  m_underlinedFont = font;
  m_underlinedFont.SetUnderlined(TRUE);
  m_boldFont = font;
  m_boldFont.SetWeight(wxFONTWEIGHT_BOLD);
  m_boldUnderlinedFont = m_boldFont;
  m_boldUnderlinedFont.SetUnderlined(TRUE);
  GetCharSize(&m_charWidth, &m_charHeight);
  //  wxClientDC
  //	  dc(this);
  
  //  dc.GetTextExtent("M", &m_charWidth, &m_charHeight);
  //  m_charWidth--;
  ResizeTerminal(m_width, m_height);
  if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
    Refresh();
  } 
  return TRUE;
}

void 
wxTerminal::GetCharSize(int *cw, int *ch) {
  wxClientDC
    dc(this);
  
  //int dummy;
  //dc.GetTextExtent("M", cw, &dummy);
  //dc.GetTextExtent("(", &dummy, ch);

  int descent, extlead; 
  dc.GetTextExtent(wxString("M", wxConvUTF8, wxString::npos), cw, ch, &descent, &extlead);
  //for the tails of g's and y's, if needed.
#ifdef __WXMSW__
    *ch += descent + extlead + 1;
#endif
}

void
wxTerminal::GetColors(wxColour colors[16] /*, wxTerminal::BOLDSTYLE boldStyle*/)
{
    colors[0] = wxColour(0, 0, 0);                             // black
    colors[1] = wxColour(255, 0, 0);                           // red
    colors[2] = wxColour(0, 255, 0);                           // green
    colors[3] = wxColour(255, 0, 255);                         // yellow
    colors[4] = wxColour(0, 0, 255);                           // blue
    colors[5] = wxColour(255, 255, 0);                         // magenta
    colors[6] = wxColour(0, 255, 255);                         // cyan
    colors[7] = wxColour(255, 255, 255);                       // white
    colors[8] = wxColour(0, 0, 0);                             // black
    colors[9] = wxColour(255, 0, 0);                           // red
    colors[10] = wxColour(0, 255, 0);                          // green
    colors[11] = wxColour(255, 0, 255);                        // yellow
    colors[12] = wxColour(0, 0, 255);                          // blue
    colors[13] = wxColour(255, 255, 0);                        // magenta
    colors[14] = wxColour(0, 255, 255);                        // cyan
    colors[15] = wxColour(255, 255, 255);                      // white
}



/*
 * ProcessInput()
 *
 * passes input to logo, one line at a time
 * and prints to terminal as well
 *
 * assumes cursor is set at last logo position already 
 */
void wxTerminal::ProcessInput() {
  //pass input up to newline.
  int i;
  for(i = 0; i < input_index; i++) {
    if(input_buffer[i] == '\n') break;
  }
  PassInputToTerminal(i+1,input_buffer); //include '\n'
  last_logo_x = cursor_x;
  last_logo_y = cursor_y;
  
  PassInputToInterp();
  m_inputLines--;
  if(!m_inputLines) m_inputReady = FALSE;  
}


/*
 * Flush()
 * 
 * Handles output from logo
 */
void  wxTerminal::Flush (){
  set_mode_flag(BOLD);

  if(output_index == 0) {
    clear_mode_flag(BOLD);
    return;
  }


  bool cursor_moved = FALSE;

  if(input_index != 0){
    // set the cursor in the proper place 
    setCursor(last_logo_x, last_logo_y);
    //    scroll_region(last_logo_y, last_logo_y + 1, -1);
    cursor_moved = TRUE;
    
  }    //calculate new cursor location
  if (output_index != 0) {
    ClearSelection(); //eventually, only clear if overlap with updated region?  
    PassInputToTerminal(output_index, output_buffer);
    output_index = 0;
  }

  //save current cursor position to last_logo
  last_logo_x = cursor_x;
  last_logo_y = cursor_y;

  clear_mode_flag(BOLD);
  if(cursor_moved/* && readingInstruction*/){   
    cursor_moved = FALSE;

    if(m_inputReady && readingInstruction) {
      ProcessInput();
    }
    else {
      //pass the input up to the current input location to terminal
      //e.g. cpos is 6, then pass chars 0 to 5 to terminal (6 chars)
      PassInputToTerminal(input_current_pos, input_buffer);
      int new_cursor_x = cursor_x, new_cursor_y = cursor_y;
      //pass the rest of input to terminal
      //e.g. inputindex is 20, then pass chars 6 to 19 to terminal (14 chars)
      PassInputToTerminal(input_index-input_current_pos, input_buffer+input_current_pos);
      // set last_input coords
      last_input_x = cursor_x;
      last_input_y = cursor_y;
      // and set cursor back to proper location
      setCursor(new_cursor_x, new_cursor_y);
    }
  }

  if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
    Refresh();
  }

}


/* 
	PassInputToInterp() 
        takes all characters in the input buffer 
	up to the FIRST '\n' and hands
	them off to the logo interpreter
        if logo_char_mode, then just send the character
 ** does not edit cursor locations!
 */
void wxTerminal::PassInputToInterp() {
  int i;  
  if(logo_char_mode){
    //buff[buff_index++] = input_buffer[--input_index];
    buff_push(input_buffer[--input_index]);
    
    input_index = 0;
    input_current_pos = 0;
  }
  else {
    for (i = 0; i < input_index; i++) {
      buff_push(input_buffer[i]);	
      if(input_buffer[i] == '\n') {
	break;
      }
    }
    int saw_newline = i;

    //so create a string of size i+1 and copy the contents over
    char *histline = (char *)malloc(1+i);
    for(i = 0; i < saw_newline; i++) {
      histline[i] = input_buffer[i];
    }
    histline[saw_newline] = 0;
    //put it in the history
    *hist_inptr++ = histline;
    if (hist_inptr >= &cmdHistory[HIST_MAX]) {  //wraparound
      hist_inptr = cmdHistory;
    }
    if (*hist_inptr) { 
      free(*hist_inptr);
      *hist_inptr = 0;
    }
    hist_outptr = hist_inptr;

    for(i = saw_newline + 1; i < input_index; i++) {
      input_buffer[i - saw_newline - 1] = input_buffer[i];
    }
    // a to b, length is b - a + 1
    input_index = input_index - saw_newline - 1;
    input_current_pos = input_index;
  }
}


void wxTerminal::DoCopy(){
	
	if (wxTheClipboard->Open())
	{
		// This data objects are held by the clipboard, 
		// so do not delete them in the app.
		wxTheClipboard->SetData( new wxTextDataObject(GetSelection()) );
		wxTheClipboard->Close();
	}
	
}


void wxTerminal::DoPaste(){
	if (wxTheClipboard->Open())
	{
		if (wxTheClipboard->IsSupported( wxDF_TEXT ))
		{
		  wxClientDC dc(this);

		  wxTextDataObject data;
		  wxTheClipboard->GetData( data );
		  wxString s = data.GetText();
		  
		  int i; 
		  //char chars[2];
		  char c;
		  int num_newlines = 0;
		  int len;
		  char prev = ' ';
		  for (i = 0; i < s.Length() && input_index < MAXINBUFF; i++){
		    len = 1;
		    c = s.GetChar(i);
		    if (c == '\n') {
		      num_newlines++;
		    }
		    if (prev == ' ' && c == ' ') {
		      continue;
		    }
		    prev = c;
		    if(input_index < MAXINBUFF) {
		      input_buffer[input_index++] = c;
		    }
		    else {
		      break;
		    }
		    ClearSelection();
		    PassInputToTerminal(len, &c);
		  }
		  m_inputLines = num_newlines;
		  input_current_pos = input_index;
		}  
		wxTheClipboard->Close();
	}
	
}


void wxTerminal::LoseFocus (wxFocusEvent & event) {
}


extern "C" int keyact_set(void);
extern "C" void do_keyact(int);

/*
 OnChar
 is called each time the user types a character
 in the main terminal window
 */


void
wxTerminal::OnChar(wxKeyEvent& event)
{
  ClearSelection();
  int
      keyCode = 0,
      len;
  char buf[10];


  keyCode = (int)event.GetKeyCode();
  if (!readingInstruction && !reading_char_now && keyact_set()) {
    if (keyCode == WXK_RETURN) {
      keyCode = '\n';
    }
    else if (keyCode == WXK_BACK) {
      keyCode = 8;
    }
    else if (keyCode >= WXK_START) {
	/* ignore it */
      return;  //not sure about this (evan)
    } 
    else {
      
    }
    if (event.ControlDown()) keyCode &= 0237;
    if (event.AltDown()) keyCode += 0200;

    do_keyact(keyCode);
  }
  else if(logo_char_mode){
    if (keyCode == WXK_RETURN) {
      keyCode = '\n';
    }
    else if (keyCode == WXK_BACK) {
      keyCode = 8;
    }
    else if (keyCode >= WXK_START) {
	/* ignore it */
      return;  //not sure about this (evan)
    } 
    else {
      
    }
    if (event.ControlDown()) keyCode &= 0237;
    if (event.AltDown()) keyCode += 0200;
    if(input_index < MAXINBUFF) {
      input_buffer[input_index++] = keyCode;
      input_current_pos++;
      PassInputToInterp();
    }
  }
  else if (keyCode == WXK_RETURN) {
    //the following condition should never happen.
    //input_buffer is size MAXINBUFF+1, to leave room for \n char
    //this is the only code segment that's allowed to add a \n
    //in that last slot.
    if(input_index > MAXINBUFF) fprintf(stderr, "onChar: WXK_RETURN, moved past end of input buffer. Should never happen!\n");  

    
    if(input_current_pos < input_index) {
      setCursor(last_input_x, last_input_y);
    }

    //    buf[0] = 10;
    //buf[1] = 13;
    //len = 2;
    
    input_buffer[input_index++] = '\n';
    input_current_pos = input_index;

    char newline = '\n';
    PassInputToTerminal(1,&newline);

    m_inputReady = TRUE;
    m_inputLines++;

    if(readingInstruction) {
      setCursor(last_logo_x, last_logo_y);
      ProcessInput(); 
    }
    else {
      last_input_x = cursor_x;
      last_input_y = cursor_y;
    }
  }
  else if (keyCode == WXK_BACK) {
    handle_backspace();
  }
  else if (keyCode == WXK_UP) { // up
    handle_history_prev();
  }
  else if  (keyCode == WXK_DOWN) { // down
    handle_history_next();
  }
  else if  (keyCode == WXK_LEFT) { // left    
    handle_left();
  }
  else if  (keyCode == WXK_RIGHT) { // right
    handle_right();
  }
  else if (keyCode == WXK_TAB) { // tab
    //do nothing for now. could be tab completion later.
  }
  else if  (keyCode == WXK_DELETE) { // DEL key
    if(input_current_pos < input_index) {
      handle_right();
      handle_backspace();
    }
  }
  else if  (keyCode == WXK_HOME) {  //HOME key
    handle_home();
  }
  else if  (keyCode == WXK_END) {  //END key
    handle_end();
  }
  else if (keyCode >= WXK_START) {
    /* ignore it */
  } 
  else {
    if(input_index >= MAXINBUFF) return;	

    buf[0] = keyCode;
    len = 1;
    int doInsert = 0;
    if (input_current_pos < input_index ) { // we are in the middle of input
      doInsert = 1;
      int i;
      for (i = input_index; i >= input_current_pos + 1; i--) {
	input_buffer[i] = input_buffer[i - 1]; 
      }
      input_buffer[input_current_pos] = keyCode;
      input_index++;
      input_current_pos++;
    }
    else {
      input_buffer[input_index++] = keyCode;
      input_current_pos++;
    }

    if (doInsert) {
      cur_x = cursor_x; cur_y = cursor_y;


      //remember, input_current_pos - 1 has last character typed
      PassInputToTerminal(input_index - (input_current_pos - 1),
			  (input_buffer + (input_current_pos - 1)));
	
      //now the cursor is where the last input position is
      last_input_x = cursor_x;
      last_input_y = cursor_y;
	
      //set cursor back to cursorPos
      if (cur_x == x_max)
	setCursor(0, cur_y + 1);
      else
	setCursor(cur_x+1, cur_y);
    } 
    else {
      PassInputToTerminal(len, buf);
      //now the cursor is where the last input position is
      last_input_x = cursor_x;
      last_input_y = cursor_y;	
    }   
  }

  if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
    Refresh();
  }

}


void wxTerminal::handle_backspace() {
  if (input_index == 0)
    return;
    

  if (input_current_pos == 0)
    return;
    
  bool removing_newline = FALSE;
  if(input_buffer[input_current_pos-1] == '\n') {
    removing_newline = TRUE;
  }
    
  for (int i = input_current_pos; i < input_index; i++) {
    input_buffer[i-1] = input_buffer[i]; 
  }
  input_index--;
  input_current_pos--;

  cur_x = cursor_x - 1, cur_y = cursor_y;
  if(cur_x < 0) {
    wxterm_linepos cpos = GetLinePosition(cursor_y - 1);
    // x_max if wrapped line,  line_length otherwise.
    cur_x = min(x_max, line_of(cpos).line_length);
    cur_y = cursor_y - 1;
    setCursor(cur_x, cur_y);
  }
  else {
    setCursor(cur_x, cur_y);
  }
    
  PassInputToTerminal(input_index - input_current_pos,
		      input_buffer + input_current_pos);
    
  //cursor_x , cursor_y now at input's last location
  last_input_x = cursor_x;
  last_input_y = cursor_y;
    
    
  if(removing_newline) {
    //add a second newline, to erase contents of the last
    //input line.
    //this causes a very specific "feature"....
    //if last input line contains other noninput chars
    //then doing this will erase them too
    //this situation can happen when you use setcursor and hit Backspace...
    //it's a very specific situation that should not clash with 
    //intended behavior...
    char nl = '\n';
    PassInputToTerminal(1, &nl);
    PassInputToTerminal(1, &nl);  //pass two newlines

    m_inputLines--; //merged two lines
  }
  else {
    char spc = ' ';
    PassInputToTerminal(1, &spc);
  }
    
  //set cursor back to backspace'd location
  setCursor(cur_x,cur_y); 
}

void wxTerminal::handle_home() {
  setCursor(last_logo_x, last_logo_y);
  input_current_pos = 0;
}

void wxTerminal::handle_end() {
  setCursor(last_input_x, last_input_y);
  input_current_pos = input_index;
}


void wxTerminal::handle_clear_to_end() {
#if 0
  //old code that put spaces everyhwere...
  int xval;
  int yval;

  xval = cursor_x;
  yval = cursor_y;

  int i;

  for (i = input_current_pos; i < input_index; i++) {
      if(input_buffer[i] == '\n') {
	input_buffer[i] = '\n';
      }
      else {	    
	input_buffer[i] = ' ';
      }
  }
  PassInputToTerminal(input_index-input_current_pos, &input_buffer[i]);
  
  setCursor(xval, yval); 
#else
  //make the current position the end of the buffer 
  //update line structure accordingly

  char_of(curr_char_pos) = '\0';
  line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length = cursor_x;
  y_max = cursor_y;
#endif
}



// warning: the history buffer WRAPS around!
// so to detect for the beginning/end, check for NULL string pointer

void wxTerminal::handle_history_prev() {
  
  // Now get a history entry
  if (--hist_outptr < cmdHistory) {
    hist_outptr = &cmdHistory[HIST_MAX-1];
  }

  if (*hist_outptr == 0) {
    wxBell();
    hist_outptr++;  //put it back to where it was
    if (hist_outptr >= &cmdHistory[HIST_MAX]) {  //wraparound
      hist_outptr = cmdHistory;      
    }
    return;
  }

#if 0
  //if we're not currently storing anything 
  //in latest_history_buffer:
  //store current input buffer in it.
  //we are about to change the input
  if(!latest_history_stored) {
    strcpy(latest_history_buffer, input_buffer);
    latest_history_buffer[input_index] = 0;
    latest_history_stored++;
  }
#endif

  handle_home();  //go to the start of input

  int hist_len = strlen((const char *) *hist_outptr);
  strcpy(input_buffer, (char *)*hist_outptr);
  PassInputToTerminal(hist_len, input_buffer);

  m_inputLines = 0;

  input_current_pos = hist_len;

  handle_clear_to_end();  //clear to the old end of input_buffer

  input_index = hist_len;

  //cursor_x , cursor_y now at input's last location
  last_input_x = cursor_x;
  last_input_y = cursor_y;	
}

void wxTerminal::handle_history_next() {
  if (*hist_outptr != 0) { 
      hist_outptr++;
  }

  if (hist_outptr >= &cmdHistory[HIST_MAX]) {  //wraparound
    hist_outptr = cmdHistory;
  }


  if(*hist_outptr == 0) {
#if 0
    //if latest_history_buffer is not empty, put that here.
    if(latest_history_stored) {	
      handle_home();  //go to front
      int latest_len = strlen(latest_history_buffer);
      PassInputToTerminal(latest_len, latest_history_buffer);
      strcpy(input_buffer, latest_history_buffer);
      input_current_pos = latest_len;

      handle_clear_to_end();  //clear to old end of input

      input_index = latest_len;

      m_inputLines = 0;

      latest_history_stored--;
      
      //cursor_x , cursor_y now at input's last location
      last_input_x = cursor_x;
      last_input_y = cursor_y;	
    }
    else {
      wxBell();    
    }
#else
    wxBell();
    handle_home();
    handle_clear_to_end();
    input_current_pos = 0;
    input_index = 0;
    m_inputLines = 0;
      
    //cursor_x , cursor_y now at input's last location
    last_input_x = cursor_x;
    last_input_y = cursor_y;	

#endif
    return;
  }

    
  handle_home();  //jump to beginning

  int hist_len = strlen((const char *) *hist_outptr);
  strcpy(input_buffer, (char *)*hist_outptr);
  PassInputToTerminal(hist_len, input_buffer);

  m_inputLines = 0;

  input_current_pos = hist_len;

  handle_clear_to_end(); //clear to old end of input_buffer

  input_index = hist_len;
  
  //cursor_x , cursor_y now at input's last location
  last_input_x = cursor_x;
  last_input_y = cursor_y;	
}

void wxTerminal::handle_left() {
  if(input_current_pos > 0) {
    if (cursor_x - 1 < 0) {	  
      //if previous char is a newline, then cursor goes to line_length
      //otherwise, it's a wrapped line, and should go to the end
      // just use min...
      wxterm_linepos cpos = GetLinePosition(cursor_y - 1);
      setCursor(min(x_max, line_of(cpos).line_length), cursor_y - 1);   
    }   
    else {
      setCursor(cursor_x - 1, cursor_y);
    }
    input_current_pos--;
  }
}

void wxTerminal::handle_right() {
  if(input_current_pos < input_index) {
    if (input_buffer[input_current_pos] == '\n' ||
	cursor_x + 1 > x_max) {
      setCursor(0, cursor_y + 1);
    }
    else {
      setCursor(cursor_x + 1, cursor_y);	  
    }
    input_current_pos++;
  }
}


void wxTerminal::setCursor (int x, int y, bool fromLogo) {


  int vis_x,vis_y;
  GetViewStart(&vis_x,&vis_y);


  if(fromLogo) {
    //need to change to unscrolled coordinates

    if(x < 0 || x > m_width ||
       y < 0 || y > m_height) {
      return;
    }
    //GetViewStart(&cursor_x,&cursor_y);

    cursor_x = x;
    cursor_y = vis_y + y;

    
  }
  else {
    cursor_x = x;
    cursor_y = y;
  }


  int want_x, want_y;
  want_x = cursor_x;
  want_y = cursor_y;

  if(cursor_y < 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "cursor_y < 0 in setcursor. BAD \n");
  }
  cursor_y = min(cursor_y,y_max);
  curr_line_pos = GetLinePosition(cursor_y);
  curr_char_pos = line_of(curr_line_pos);
  if(cursor_y < want_y ||  
     cursor_x > curr_char_pos.line_length) {
    cursor_x = curr_char_pos.line_length;
  }
  curr_char_pos.offset = curr_char_pos.offset + cursor_x;
  adjust_charpos(curr_char_pos);

  if(fromLogo && 
     (cursor_x != want_x ||
      cursor_y != want_y)) {
    //add spaces until we get to desired location

    if(cursor_x > x_max) {
      cursor_x = 0;
      cursor_y++;
      inc_linepos(curr_line_pos);
    }

    char space = ' ';  
    char newline = '\n';

    while(cursor_y != want_y) {
      PassInputToTerminal(1,&newline);
    }
    while(cursor_x != want_x) {
      PassInputToTerminal(1,&space);
    }
  }

  if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
    if(cursor_y >= vis_y &&
       cursor_y <= vis_y + m_height - 1) {
    }
    else {

      Scroll(-1, cursor_y);
      
      //      Refresh();
    }
  }
}


void wxTerminal::OnSize(wxSizeEvent& event) {      
	
  int x, y;
  GetSize(&x, &y);
  
  //leave one char on the right for scroll bar width
  if (m_width == (x / m_charWidth) - 1 && m_height == y / m_charHeight)
    return;
  x = (x / m_charWidth) - 1;
  y = y / m_charHeight;
  
  if (x < 1) 
    x = 1;
  if (y < 1) 
    y = 1;
  ResizeTerminal(x,y);
  Scroll(-1, cursor_y);
  Refresh();
}

wxMemoryDC * currentMemDC = NULL;
wxBitmap * currentBitmap = NULL;
int oldWidth = -1;
int oldHeight = -1;

void wxTerminal::OnEraseBackground(wxEraseEvent &WXUNUSED(event)) 
{
  //don't erase background.. for double buffering!
}

extern "C" void wxSetTextColor(int fg, int bg) {
    wxTerminal::terminal->m_curFG = fg;
    wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG = bg;
    wxTerminal::terminal->SetBackgroundColour(
		TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG]);
}

void wxTerminal::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event)) 
{
  wxBufferedPaintDC dc(this);

  DoPrepareDC(dc);
  dc.SetBackground(TurtleCanvas::colors[m_curBG]);
  dc.Clear();
  OnDraw(dc);
}

void wxTerminal::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
{  
  //DebugOutputBuffer();
  
  wxRect rectUpdate = GetUpdateRegion().GetBox();
  CalcUnscrolledPosition(rectUpdate.x, rectUpdate.y,
			 &rectUpdate.x, &rectUpdate.y);
  int lineFrom = rectUpdate.y / m_charHeight;
  int lineTo = rectUpdate.GetBottom() / m_charHeight;

  if ( lineTo > y_max)
    lineTo = y_max;
  
  //find the position!
  wxterm_linepos tlpos;
  tlpos.buf = term_lines;
  wxterm_charpos tline;
  tlpos.offset = lineFrom;
  adjust_linepos(tlpos);

  for ( int line = lineFrom; line <= lineTo; line++ )
  {
    tline = line_of(tlpos);
    for ( int col = 0; col < tline.line_length; col++ ) {      
      DrawText(dc, m_curFG, m_curBG, mode_of(tline), col, line, 1, &char_of(tline));
      inc_charpos(tline);
    }

    inc_linepos(tlpos);
  }

  //draw text cursor as line if visible
  if(lineFrom <= cursor_y  && cursor_y <= lineTo &&
     !(m_currMode & CURSORINVISIBLE)) {
    int c_x = cursor_x;
    int c_y = cursor_y;
    int t_x = c_x*m_charWidth;
    int t_y = c_y*m_charHeight;
    dc.SetPen(wxPen(TurtleCanvas::colors[terminal->m_curFG],1));
    dc.DrawLine( t_x, t_y, t_x, t_y + m_charHeight);

  }

  MarkSelection(dc,FALSE);
  
}

// gets the click coordinate (unscrolled) in terms of characters
void wxTerminal::GetClickCoords(wxMouseEvent& event, int *click_x, int *click_y) {
  // pixel coordinates
  *click_x = event.GetX();
  *click_y = event.GetY();
  CalcUnscrolledPosition(*click_x, *click_y, click_x, click_y);

  // convert to character coordinates
  *click_x = *click_x / m_charWidth;
  *click_y = *click_y / m_charHeight;
  if(*click_x < 0) {
    *click_x = 0;
  }
  else if(*click_x > x_max) {
    *click_x = x_max;
  }

  if(*click_y < 0) { 
    *click_y = 0; 
  }
  else if(*click_y > y_max) {
    *click_y = y_max;
  }
}

void
wxTerminal::OnLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event)
{
  m_selecting = TRUE;
  int click_x, click_y;
  GetClickCoords(event, &click_x, &click_y);

  m_selx1 = m_selx2 = click_x;
  m_sely1 = m_sely2 = click_y;
  //Refresh();

  event.Skip();  //let native handler reset focus
}

void
wxTerminal::OnLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event)
{
  
  if ((m_sely2 != m_sely1 || m_selx2 != m_selx1))
    {
      if (wxTheClipboard->Open() ) {
	// This data objects are held by the clipboard, 
	// so do not delete them in the app.
	wxTheClipboard->SetData( new wxTextDataObject(GetSelection()) );
	wxTheClipboard->Close();
      }
    }
  m_selecting = FALSE;

  if (HasCapture()) {
    // uncapture mouse
    ReleaseMouse();
  }
}

void
wxTerminal::OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event)
{
  if(m_selecting)
  {

    int click_x, click_y;
    GetClickCoords(event, &click_x, &click_y);
    m_selx2 = click_x;
    m_sely2 = click_y;
          
    if(!HasCapture()) {
      CaptureMouse();
    }      
  }

  if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
    Refresh();
  }

}

void
wxTerminal::ClearSelection()
{
  if (m_sely2 != m_sely1 || m_selx2 != m_selx1) {

    m_sely2 = m_sely1;
    m_selx2 = m_selx1;   

  }

  if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
    Refresh();
  }

}

void 
wxTerminal::InvertArea(wxDC &dc, int t_x, int t_y, int w, int h, bool scrolled_coord) {

  if(scrolled_coord) {
    CalcScrolledPosition(t_x,t_y,&t_x,&t_y);
    //calculate if out of bounds
    //    if(t_x < 0 || t_x > m_width * m_charWidth ||
    //   t_y < 0 || t_y > m_height * m_charHeight) {
    //  return;
    //}
  }
  if (w > 0 && h > 0) {
#ifndef __WXMAC__
    dc.Blit( t_x, t_y, w, h, &dc, t_x, t_y, wxINVERT);
#endif
  }
}


void
wxTerminal::MarkSelection(wxDC &dc, bool scrolled_coord) {

  int 
    pic_x1, pic_y1,
    pic_x2, pic_y2;

  if(m_sely1 > m_sely2 ||
     (m_sely1 == m_sely2 && m_selx1 > m_selx2)) {
    pic_x1 = m_selx2;
    pic_y1 = m_sely2;
    pic_x2 = m_selx1;
    pic_y2 = m_sely1;
  }
  else {
    pic_x1 = m_selx1;
    pic_y1 = m_sely1;
    pic_x2 = m_selx2;
    pic_y2 = m_sely2;
  }

  if(pic_y1 == pic_y2) {
    InvertArea(dc, 
	       pic_x1 * m_charWidth, pic_y1 * m_charHeight, 
	       (pic_x2 - pic_x1)*m_charWidth, m_charHeight,
	       scrolled_coord);
  }
  else if(pic_y1 < pic_y2) {
    InvertArea(dc, 
	       pic_x1 * m_charWidth, pic_y1 * m_charHeight, 
	       (x_max - pic_x1) * m_charWidth, m_charHeight,
	       scrolled_coord);
    InvertArea(dc, 
	       0, (pic_y1 + 1)*m_charHeight,
	       x_max * m_charWidth, (pic_y2 - pic_y1 - 1)*m_charHeight,
	       scrolled_coord);
    InvertArea(dc, 
	       0, pic_y2*m_charHeight, 
	       pic_x2*m_charWidth, m_charHeight,
	       scrolled_coord);
  }
}

bool
wxTerminal::HasSelection()
{
  return(m_selx1 != m_selx2 || m_sely1 != m_sely2);
}


/*
 * Gets characters from x1,y1 up to , but not including x2,y2
 */
wxString
wxTerminal::GetChars(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) 
{
  int tx,ty;
  if(y1 > y2 || 
     (y1 == y2 && x1 > x2)) {
    tx = x1;
    ty = y1;
    x1 = x2;
    y1 = y2;
    x2 = tx;
    y2 = ty;
  }

  //this case from dragging the mouse position off screen.
  if(x1 < 0) x1 = 0;
  if(x2 < 0) x2 = 0;
  if(y1 < 0) y1 = 0;
  if(y2 < 0) y2 = 0;

  wxString ret;

  if(0 < y1 && y1 > y_max) {
    return ret;
  }

  wxterm_charpos a = GetCharPosition(0,y1);

  a.offset = a.offset + min(x1, max(0,a.line_length - 1)); 
  adjust_charpos(a);

  wxterm_charpos b = GetCharPosition(0,min(y2, y_max));
  
  b.offset = b.offset + min(x2, b.line_length); 
  adjust_charpos(b);

  while(a.buf != b.buf) {
    //  size 10, offset 5,  copy 10-5=5 chars... yup
    ret.Append((wxChar*)a.buf->cbuf+a.offset, WXTERM_CB_SIZE-a.offset);
    if(a.buf->next) {
      a.offset = 0;
      a.buf = a.buf->next;
    }
    else {
      //bad
      fprintf(stderr, "BAD (getchars)\n");
    }
  }
  ret.Append((wxChar*)a.buf->cbuf+a.offset, b.offset - a.offset);
  return ret;
}

wxString
wxTerminal::GetSelection()
{
  return GetChars(m_selx1,m_sely1,m_selx2,m_sely2);
}

void
wxTerminal::SelectAll()
{
  m_selx1 = 0;
  m_sely1 = 0;
  m_selx2 = x_max;
  m_sely2 = y_max;

  //Refresh();
}

wxterm_linepos wxTerminal::GetLinePosition(int y) 
{
  wxterm_linepos lpos;
  lpos.buf = term_lines;
  lpos.offset = y;
  adjust_linepos(lpos);
  return lpos;
}

wxterm_charpos wxTerminal::GetCharPosition(int x, int y)
{ 
  wxterm_charpos ret = line_of(GetLinePosition(y));

  if(x > ret.line_length) {    
    fprintf(stderr, "invalid longer than linelength: %d\n", ret.line_length);
  }

  
  ret.offset = ret.offset + x;
  adjust_charpos(ret);
  return ret;  
}

void
wxTerminal::DrawText(wxDC& dc, int fg_color, int bg_color, int flags,
                 int x, int y, int len, char *string)
{
  wxString
    str((const char *)string, wxConvUTF8, len);

    if(flags & BOLD)
    {
      if(flags & UNDERLINE)
        dc.SetFont(m_boldUnderlinedFont);
      else
        dc.SetFont(m_boldFont);
    }
    else
    {
      if(flags & UNDERLINE)
        dc.SetFont(m_underlinedFont);
      else
        dc.SetFont(m_normalFont);
    }

  int coord_x, coord_y;
  dc.SetBackgroundMode(wxSOLID);
  dc.SetTextBackground(TurtleCanvas::colors[bg_color]);
  dc.SetTextForeground(TurtleCanvas::colors[fg_color]);
  coord_y = y * m_charHeight; 
  coord_x = x * (m_charWidth);	

  for(unsigned int i = 0; i < str.Length(); i++, coord_x+=m_charWidth){
    //clear the pixels first
    //dc.Blit(coord_x, coord_y, m_charWidth, m_charHeight, &dc, coord_x, coord_y, wxCLEAR);
    dc.DrawText(str.Mid(i, 1), coord_x, coord_y);
    //	  if(flags & BOLD && m_boldStyle == OVERSTRIKE)
    //	  dc.DrawText(str, x + 1, y);
    if(flags & INVERSE) {
      InvertArea(dc, coord_x, coord_y, m_charWidth, m_charHeight);
      //	    dc.Blit( coord_x, coord_y, m_charWidth, m_charHeight, &dc, coord_x, coord_y, wxINVERT);
    }
  }
}

void
wxTerminal::Bell()
{
  wxBell();
}

void 
wxTerminal::RenumberLines(int new_width) 
{
  //m_width is the OLD WIDTH at this point of the code.
  
  wxterm_linepos l_pos;
  l_pos.buf = term_lines;
  l_pos.offset = 0;

  wxterm_charpos c_pos;
  c_pos.buf = term_chars;
  c_pos.line_length = 0;
  c_pos.offset = 0; 
  wxterm_charpos last_logo_pos = GetCharPosition(last_logo_x,last_logo_y);

  //IMPORTANT: 
  //  * line_number stores the current line we're looking at,
  //  * c_pos.line_length is how far into the current line we are
  //  * c_pos.offset is the offset into the BUFFER

  int line_number = 0;
  
  //run until see '\0'
  int next_line = 0; // flag to say "mark next line".
  
  while(char_of(c_pos) != '\0') {
    if(c_pos.buf == curr_char_pos.buf && c_pos.offset == curr_char_pos.offset) {
      cursor_x = c_pos.line_length;
      cursor_y = line_number;
      curr_line_pos = l_pos;
    }
    if(c_pos.buf == last_logo_pos.buf && c_pos.offset == last_logo_pos.offset) {
      last_logo_x = c_pos.line_length;
      last_logo_y = line_number;      
    }
    if(char_of(c_pos) == '\n') {
      next_line = 1;
    }
    else {
      c_pos.line_length++;
      if(c_pos.line_length == new_width) {
	next_line = 1;
      }
    }

    inc_charpos(c_pos);

    if(next_line) {
      line_of(l_pos).line_length = c_pos.line_length;
      inc_linepos(l_pos);

      line_of(l_pos).buf = c_pos.buf;
      line_of(l_pos).offset = c_pos.offset;
      
      c_pos.line_length = 0;
      next_line = 0;
      line_number++;
    }



  }
  if(c_pos.buf == curr_char_pos.buf && c_pos.offset == curr_char_pos.offset) {
    cursor_x = c_pos.line_length;
    cursor_y = line_number;
    curr_line_pos = l_pos;
  }
  if(c_pos.buf == last_logo_pos.buf && c_pos.offset == last_logo_pos.offset) {
    last_logo_x = c_pos.line_length;
    last_logo_y = line_number;      
  }

  line_of(l_pos).line_length = c_pos.line_length;
  y_max = line_number;

  //sanity check on variables
  //fprintf(stderr, "cursor %d %d\n", cursor_x, cursor_y);
  //fprintf(stderr, "lastlogopos xy %d %d\n", last_logo_x, last_logo_y);
}

void
wxTerminal::ResizeTerminal(int width, int height)
{

  /*
  **  Set terminal size
  */
  if(width != m_width) {
    //need to renumber the lines
    RenumberLines(width);
    m_width = width;
    x_max = m_width - 1;
  }
  m_height = height;


  //reset virtual size
  SetScrollRate(0, m_charHeight);
  //number of lines is y_max + 1
  SetVirtualSize(m_width*m_charWidth,(y_max+1)*m_charHeight);
}


void wxTerminal::DebugOutputBuffer() {
  //debugging
  wxterm_linepos lpos;
  lpos.buf = term_lines;
  lpos.offset = 0;
  wxterm_charpos pos_1 = line_of(lpos);
  
  //    fprintf(stderr, "WXTERMINAL STATS: \n  width: %d, height: %d, \n cw: %d, ch: %d \n x_max: %d, y_max: %d \n cursor_x: %d, cursor_y: %d \n last_logo_x : %d, last_logo_y: %d \ncurr_charpos buf %d offset %d  \ncurr_line buf %d offset %d\n", m_width, m_height, m_charWidth, m_charHeight, x_max, y_max,cursor_x, cursor_y, last_logo_x, last_logo_y,(int)curr_char_pos.buf, curr_char_pos.offset, (int)curr_line_pos.buf, curr_line_pos.offset);
  //    fprintf(stderr, "WXTERMINAL CHARACTER BUFFER\n###############\n");
  while(char_of(pos_1) != '\0') {
    if(char_of(pos_1) == '\n') {
      fprintf(stderr, "\\n\n");
    }
    else {
      fprintf(stderr,"%c", char_of(pos_1));
      
    }
    inc_charpos(pos_1);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "|");
    fprintf(stderr, "\n#############\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "WXTERMINAL LINE BUFFER\n##############\n");
  for(int i = 0; i <= y_max; i++) {
      //    fprintf(stderr, "LINE %d: buf: %d, offset: %d, len: %d\n", i,(int)line_of(lpos).buf, line_of(lpos).offset, line_of(lpos).line_length);
    inc_linepos(lpos);
  }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n#############\n\n");
}

void wxTerminal::InsertChar(char c)
{
  
  //insert a character at current location

  //if there is a newline at the current location and we're not inserting one
  // scenario:
  // Buffer: abcde\nfgh
  //         *    X *
  // X = current position
  // * = line locations
  // 
  // After insert k:
  //         abcdek\nfgh
  //         *     X *

  if(char_of(curr_char_pos) == '\n' &&
     c != '\n') {
    // check case if we're about to insert the last character of the line
    if(line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length < m_width - 1) {       

      //have to add characters to current line, 

      //bump characters up.      
      wxterm_linepos lpos = curr_line_pos;
      wxterm_charpos pos_1 = curr_char_pos;
      wxterm_charpos pos_2 = pos_1;

      inc_charpos(pos_2);


      //  Method of relocating characters:
      //   need two variables, S = save, G = grab
      // 
      //   save 1, 
      //   S1  G      
      //  12345678
      //
      //   grab 2, place 1, save 2
      //  
      //  S2 G2
      //  _1345678
      //
      //  grab 3, place 2, save 3...
      //
      //  S3 G3
      //  _1245678
      // 
      //  etc...
      // ends when next position to grab is '\0'
      // (allocate buffer when necesary)
      // grab 8, place 7, save 8
      // place 8 in that last position

      char save_char, save_mode; 
      char grab_char, grab_mode;       
      save_char = char_of(pos_1);
      save_mode = mode_of(pos_1);

      while(char_of(pos_2) != '\0') {

	grab_char = char_of(pos_2);
	grab_mode = mode_of(pos_2);
	char_of(pos_2) = save_char;
	mode_of(pos_2) = save_mode;
	save_char = grab_char;
	save_mode = grab_mode;

	inc_charpos(pos_1);
	inc_charpos(pos_2);	
      }
      //insert "save" into pos2
      char_of(pos_2) = save_char;
      mode_of(pos_2) = save_mode;
      
      //now bump all the lines up.
      //look at the current line number (cursor_y)
      // go until  y_max, and adjust position of all lines +1
      inc_linepos(lpos);
      for(int lnum = cursor_y+1; lnum <= y_max; lnum++) {
	inc_charpos(line_of(lpos));
	inc_linepos(lpos);      
      }
    }
  }
  char_of(curr_char_pos) = c;
  mode_of(curr_char_pos) = m_currMode;
  inc_charpos(curr_char_pos);
}

void wxTerminal::NextLine() {
  //points next line position to current char position, and increments line offset.

  inc_linepos(curr_line_pos);

  line_of(curr_line_pos).buf = curr_char_pos.buf;
  line_of(curr_line_pos).offset = curr_char_pos.offset;
  //line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length = 0;


  cursor_y++;
  if(cursor_y > y_max) {
    y_max = cursor_y;
    int x,y;
    GetVirtualSize(&x,&y);

    //y_max + 1 = number of lines    
    SetVirtualSize(max(x,m_width*m_charWidth),max(y,(y_max+1)*m_charHeight)); 
  }
  cursor_x = 0;
}

void
wxTerminal::PassInputToTerminal(int len, char *data)
{
  int i;
  int numspaces, j;
  wxterm_linepos lpos;
  wxterm_charpos pos_1, pos_2;
  int new_line_length;

  int vis_x,vis_y;
  GetViewStart(&vis_x,&vis_y);
  static int old_vis_y = 0;

  char spc = ' ';


  for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    switch(data[i]) {
    case TOGGLE_STANDOUT:  // char 17
      //enter/exit standout mode , ignore character
      m_currMode ^= INVERSE;
      break;
    case '\t':
      // formula is: (8 - (cursorpos%8)) spaces
      numspaces = (8 - (cursor_x % 8));
      if(numspaces == 0) {
	numspaces = 8;
      }
      for(j = 0; j < numspaces; j++) {
	InsertChar(spc);


	cursor_x++;
	if(cursor_x > line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length) {
	  line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length = cursor_x;
	}
	if(cursor_x > x_max) {
	  //tab should stop inserting spaces.	   
	  NextLine();
	  break; //out of the for loop
	}
      }
      break;
    case '\r':
    case '\n':
      new_line_length = cursor_x;
      InsertChar('\n');

      
      if(i + 1 < len && 
	 ((data[i] == '\r' && data[i+1] == '\n') ||  //LF+CR
	  (data[i] == '\n' && data[i+1] == '\r')))  { //CR+LF
	i++;
      }

      // this case triggers when you do
      // ? setcursor [0 0]
      // and then press 
      // if this is commented out, it will still work, but the characters
      // will remain in the buffer!

      if(new_line_length < line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length &&
	 cursor_y < y_max) {
	//shift all the characters down.
	//(remove characters between inserted newline and end of line)
	
	lpos = curr_line_pos;
	inc_linepos(lpos);
	pos_1 = curr_char_pos;
	pos_2 = line_of(lpos);
	while(char_of(pos_1) != '\0') {
	  if(char_of(pos_2) != '\0' &&
	     pos_2.buf == line_of(lpos).buf &&
	     pos_2.offset == line_of(lpos).offset) {
	    line_of(lpos).buf = pos_1.buf;
	    line_of(lpos).offset = pos_1.offset;
	    inc_linepos(lpos);
	  }
	  char_of(pos_1) = char_of(pos_2);
	  mode_of(pos_1) = mode_of(pos_2);
	  inc_charpos(pos_1);
	  inc_charpos(pos_2);
	}
      }

      line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length = new_line_length;
      
      NextLine();
      
      break;
    default:
      InsertChar(data[i]);


      cursor_x++;
      if(cursor_x > line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length) {
	line_of(curr_line_pos).line_length = cursor_x;
      }
      if(cursor_x > x_max) {
	NextLine();
      }      
      break;
    }   
  }


  if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
    //scroll if cursor current cursor not visible or 
    // if we're not reading an instruction (logo output)
    // old_vis_y keeps track of whether the screen has changed lately
    
    if((!readingInstruction &&
	1 ||                     //don't use old_vis_y??
	vis_y != old_vis_y) || 
       cursor_y < vis_y  ||
       cursor_y > vis_y + m_height - 1) {

      Scroll(-1, cursor_y);
      old_vis_y = vis_y;
      

      //Refresh();
    }  
    
  }
}

wxString * wxTerminal::get_text() 
{
  //  int i;
  wxString *outputString = new wxString();
  outputString->Clear();
  outputString->Append(_T("\n"));
  outputString->Append(_T("\n"));
  outputString->Append(_T("\n"));
  wxString txt = GetChars(0,0,x_max,y_max);
  txt.Replace(_T("\n"),_T("
\n"));
  outputString->Append(txt);
  /*
  wxterm_linepos tlpos = term_lines;
  for(i=0;iappend(textString->Mid(linenumbers[i]*MAXWIDTH),MAXWIDTH);
    outputString->append(_T("
"));		
    }*/
  outputString->Append(_T("<\\FONT>"));
  outputString->Append(_T("<\\BODY>"));
  outputString->Append(_T("<\\HTML>"));
  //  delete textString;
  return outputString;
}


void
wxTerminal::SelectPrinter(char *PrinterName)
{
  if(m_printerFN)
  {
    if(m_printerName[0] == '#')
      fclose(m_printerFN);
    else
#if defined(__WXMSW__)
      fclose(m_printerFN);
#else
      pclose(m_printerFN);
#endif

    m_printerFN = 0;
  }

  if(m_printerName)
  {
    free(m_printerName);
    m_printerName = 0;
  }

  if(strlen(PrinterName))
  {
    m_printerName = strdup(PrinterName);
  }
}

void
wxTerminal::PrintChars(int len, char *data)
{
  char
    pname[100];

  if(!m_printerFN)
  {
    if(!m_printerName)
      return;

    if(m_printerName[0] == '#')
    {
#if defined(__WXMSW__)
      sprintf(pname, "lpt%d", m_printerName[1] - '0' + 1);
#else
      sprintf(pname, "/dev/lp%d", m_printerName[1] - '0');
#endif
      m_printerFN = fopen(pname, "wb");
    }
    else
    {
#if defined(__WXMSW__)
      m_printerFN = fopen(m_printerName, "wb");
#else
      sprintf(pname, "lpr -P%s", m_printerName);
      m_printerFN = popen(pname, "w");
#endif
    }
  }
  
  if(m_printerFN)
  {
    fwrite(data, len, 1, m_printerFN);
  }
}



// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Functions called from the interpreter thread
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

extern "C" void setCharMode(int mode){
	logo_char_mode = mode;
	
	//if turning charmode off, flush the
	//buffer (not the input buffer, logo's buffer)

	if(!logo_char_mode) {
          char tmp;
	  while(!buff_empty) {
	    buff_pop(tmp);
	  }
        }
}

extern "C" void wxClearText() {
  wxTerminal::terminal->ClearScreen();
  //  output_index = 0;
}

void wxTerminal::ClearScreen() {
  if(y_max > 0) {
    int x,y;
    GetVirtualSize(&x,&y);
    SetVirtualSize(max(x,m_width*m_charWidth),max(y,(y_max+1+m_height)*m_charHeight));
    Scroll(-1,y_max+1);
    int vx,vy;
    GetViewStart(&vx,&vy);
    //pretend setcursor from logo so that it can insert spaces if needed
    wxClientDC dc(this);
    setCursor(0,y_max + 1 - vy, TRUE); 
    if(!(m_currMode & DEFERUPDATE)) {
      Refresh();
    }
  }
}

//currently does nothing.
void wxTerminal::EnableScrolling(bool want_scrolling) {
  //wxScrolledWindow::EnableScrolling(FALSE,want_scrolling); //doesn't work
  return;
}

extern "C" void flushFile(FILE * stream);

extern "C" void wxSetCursor(int x, int y){
  //just call wxTerminal::setCursor with a special flag.
  flushFile(stdout);
  wxTerminal::terminal->EnableScrolling(FALSE);
  wxClientDC dc(wxTerminal::terminal);
  wxTerminal::terminal->setCursor(x,y,TRUE);
}

extern "C" void wxSetFont(char *fm, int sz) {

    int adjust_label = 0;
    if(fm != wx_font_face) {
        strcpy(wx_font_face, fm);
        adjust_label++;
    }

    wx_font_size = sz;

    wxFont f(FONT_CFG(wx_font_face, wx_font_size));

    wxTerminal::terminal->SetFont(f);
    editWindow->SetFont(f);

    //TurtleCanvas memDC, set size depending on scrunch!
    if(adjust_label) {
        turtleGraphics->SetFont(f);
    }

    logoFrame->AdjustSize();
}

extern "C" void wx_enable_scrolling() {
  wxTerminal::terminal->EnableScrolling(TRUE);
}

extern enum s_md {SCREEN_TEXT, SCREEN_SPLIT, SCREEN_FULL} screen_mode;


extern "C" int check_wx_stop(int force_yield) {
  logoEventManager->ProcessEvents(force_yield); 

  //give focus to terminal if text window shown
  //and Frame has focus
  wxWindow * focus_win = wxWindow::FindFocus();
  if(wxTerminal::terminal &&
     //screen_mode != SCREEN_FULL &&  // screen_text or screen_split mode
     !(focus_win == (wxWindow *)wxTerminal::terminal) &&
     (focus_win == (wxWindow *)logoFrame)) {
    wxTerminal::terminal->SetFocus();
  }

  if (logo_stop_flag) {
    logo_stop_flag = 0;
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
    logo_stop(0);
#else
    logo_stop();
#endif
    return 1;
  }
  if (logo_pause_flag) {
    logo_pause_flag = 0;
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
    logo_pause(0);
#else
    logo_pause();
#endif
    return 0;
  }
  return 0;
}

extern "C" int internal_check(){
 if (logo_stop_flag) {
    logo_stop_flag = 0;
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
    logo_stop(0);
#else
    logo_stop();
#endif
    return 1;
  }
  if (logo_pause_flag) {
    logo_pause_flag = 0;
#ifdef SIG_TAKES_ARG
    logo_pause(0);
#else
    logo_pause();
#endif
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

extern "C" int getTermInfo(int type){
	switch (type){
	case X_COORD:
		return wxTerminal::terminal->cursor_x;
		break;
	case Y_COORD:
	  int vx,vy;
	  wxTerminal::terminal->GetViewStart(&vx,&vy);
		return wxTerminal::terminal->cursor_y - vy;
		break;
	case X_MAX:
	  //return wxTerminal::terminal->x_max;
	  return wxTerminal::terminal->m_width;
		break;
	case Y_MAX:
	  //return wxTerminal::terminal->y_max;
	  return wxTerminal::terminal->m_height;
		break;
	case EDIT_STATE:
		return editWindow->stateFlag;
		break;
	default:
		return -1;
	}
	
	return -1;
}

extern "C" void setTermInfo(int type, int val){
	switch (type){
		case X_COORD:
		  //wxTerminal::terminal->x_coord=val;
		  return;
			break;
		case Y_COORD:
		  //wxTerminal::terminal->y_coord=val;
		  return;
			break;
		case X_MAX:
		  return;
		  //wxTerminal::terminal->x_max=val;
			break;
		case Y_MAX:
		  return;
		  //wxTerminal::terminal->y_max=val;
			break;
		case EDIT_STATE:
			editWindow->stateFlag=val;
			break;
	}
}


extern "C" void doClose() {
  extern int wx_leave_mainloop;

  if(!wx_leave_mainloop) {
    logoFrame->Close(TRUE);
  }
}


ucblogo-6.1/wxMain.h0000664000175000017500000000005013557147341012533 0ustar  jjcjjcvoid init_wx();
void putInBuff(char c);
ucblogo-6.1/wxMain.cpp0000664000175000017500000001267213577775676013127 0ustar  jjcjjc#include 
#include 
#include "LogoFrame.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "stdio.h"
#include "wxTurtleGraphics.h"
#include "wxGlobals.h"
#ifdef __WXMAC__
#include 
#endif
#include 
#include "wxTerminal.h"		/* must come after wxTurtleGraphics.h */
std::string pathString;
#include 

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif

int wx_Debugging = 0;

// start the application
IMPLEMENT_APP(LogoApplication)

extern "C" NODE *cons(NODE *, NODE *);
extern "C" NODE *make_static_strnode(char *);
extern "C" NODE *lload(NODE *);
extern "C" NODE *lsave(NODE *);
extern int logo_stop_flag;
extern "C" int stop_quietly_flag;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Globals
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


// externs from the logo interpreter 
extern "C" int start (int , char **);
extern "C" void redraw_graphics(); 

// need to redraw turtle graphics
int needToRefresh = 0;


// IO buffer handling
char nameBuffer [NAME_BUFFER_SIZE];
int nameBufferSize = 0;


char output_buffer[MAXOUTBUFF];
int output_index = 0;

char buff[BUFF_LEN];
int buff_push_index = 0;
int buff_pop_index = 0;



// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// misc functions
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

extern "C" void wxLogoExit(int code) {
}

#define LINEPAUSE 25

// flush the output
extern "C" void flushFile(FILE * stream) {
  static int numLines = 0;
  char * temp;

  if (numLines >= LINEPAUSE) {
    wxMilliSleep(1);
    numLines = 0;
  }
  else 
    numLines++;

  wxTerminal::terminal->Flush();
}

// have the interpreter go to sleep
extern "C" void *eval_buttonact;

extern "C" void wxLogoSleep(unsigned int milli) {
  //may not work on mac according to wxWidgets doc
  wxDateTime stop_waiting = wxDateTime::UNow() + wxTimeSpan(0,0,0,milli);
  flushFile(stdout);
  extern void wx_refresh();
  wx_refresh();
  if(milli <= 100) {
    wxMilliSleep(milli);
    return;
  }
  while(wxDateTime::UNow().IsEarlierThan(stop_waiting)) {
    if(check_wx_stop(1) || eval_buttonact) {  //force yielding
      break;
    }
    wx_refresh();
    wxMilliSleep(10);
  }
}

/* Called by the logo thread to display a character onto the terminal screen */
extern "C" void printToScreen(char c, FILE * stream) 
{ 
  if (stream != stdout) {
    putc(c, stream);
    return;
  }

    if (c == 0x7) {	/* ^G */
	wxBell();
	return;
    }

  if(TurtleFrame::in_graphics_mode && !TurtleFrame::in_splitscreen)
    // we are in fullscreen mode
    wxSplitScreen();
  
  if (output_index >= (MAXOUTBUFF - 1)) {   
    flushFile(stdout);   
  }
    
  if (c == '\n') {
    output_buffer[output_index++] = 10;
    output_buffer[output_index++] = 13;
    flushFile(stdout);
  }
  else {
     output_buffer[output_index++] = c;
  }
}



extern "C" char getFromWX_2(FILE * f) ;

extern "C" char getFromWX() 
{ 
  return getFromWX_2(stdin);
}

extern "C" char getFromWX_2(FILE * f) 
{
  int putReturn = 0;
 if (f != stdin) {
    return getc(f);
  }
	
   //  while (buff_index == 0 && !putReturn) {
   while(buff_empty && !putReturn) {
    if(needToRefresh){
      redraw_graphics();
      wxdprintf("wxMain after calling redraw graphics\n");
      needToRefresh = 0;
      turtleGraphics->Refresh();
      wxdprintf("after wxMain calling refresh()");	  
    }
    // Do this while the lock is released just in case the longjump occurs
    if (check_wx_stop(1)) {   // force yield (1)
      putReturn = 1;
    }
    flushFile(stdout);
    //if (buff_index == 0 && !putReturn)
    if (buff_empty && !putReturn)
      wxMilliSleep(1); // don't wait too long now...
  }
  char c;
  if (putReturn)
    c = '\n';
  else
    buff_pop(c);
  return c;
}


extern "C" int wxKeyp() {
  int ret = 0;
  if (!buff_empty)
    ret = 1;
  return ret;
}

extern "C" int wxUnget_c(int c, FILE * f) {
  if (f != stdin)
    return ungetc(c, f);
  else {
    buff_push((char)c);
    return c;
  }
}

extern "C" void getExecutableDir(char * path, int maxlen) {
  wxString executable = wxStandardPaths::Get().GetExecutablePath();
  wxString executable_dir =  wxFileName(executable).GetPath();
  strncpy(path, executable_dir, maxlen);
  path[maxlen - 1] = '\0';
}


void doLoad(char * name, int length) {
  int i = 0;
  while (i < length && i < NAME_BUFFER_SIZE) {
    nameBuffer[i] = name[i];
    i++;
  }
  nameBufferSize = (length >= NAME_BUFFER_SIZE? NAME_BUFFER_SIZE : length);

    (void)lload(cons(make_static_strnode(name),NIL));
    stop_quietly_flag = 1;
    logo_stop_flag = 1;
}

void doSave(char * name, int length) {
  int i = 0;
  while (i < length && i < NAME_BUFFER_SIZE) {
    nameBuffer[i] = name[i];
    i++;
  }
  nameBufferSize = (length >= NAME_BUFFER_SIZE? NAME_BUFFER_SIZE : length);
  
    (void)lsave(cons(make_static_strnode(name),NIL));
    stop_quietly_flag = 1;
    logo_stop_flag = 1;
  }

extern "C" const char* wxMacGetLibloc(){
#ifdef __WXMAC__
	static std::string libloc; 
	libloc=pathString;
	libloc+="logolib";
	return libloc.c_str();
#endif
	return 0;
	
}

extern "C" const char* wxMacGetCslsloc(){
#ifdef __WXMAC__
	static std::string cslsloc;
	cslsloc=pathString;
	cslsloc+="csls";
	return cslsloc.c_str();	
#endif
	return 0;
}

extern "C" const char* wxMacGetHelploc(){
#ifdef __WXMAC__
	static std::string helploc;
	helploc=pathString;
	helploc+="helpfiles";
	return helploc.c_str();
#endif
	return 0;
}
ucblogo-6.1/wxGraphics.h0000664000175000017500000001242613575571772013432 0ustar  jjcjjc
/* pen_info is a stucture type with fields for the various
   pen characteristics including the location, size, color,
   mode (e.g. XOR or COPY), pattern, visibility (0 = visible) */


typedef struct {
  int color;
  int xpos;
  int ypos;
  int vis;
  int pw;
  int ph;
  int pen_md;
} pen_info;



pen_info* getPen();
extern  void wxPrepare();
extern void wxSetPenWidth(int width);
extern void wxDrawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int vis);
extern void wx_clear();
extern void wxLabel(char * string);
extern void wxTextScreen();
extern void wxSplitScreen();
extern void wxFullScreen();
extern void wxSetInfo(int type, int val);
extern int wxGetMouseX();
extern int wxGetMouseY();
extern int wxGetClickX();
extern int wxGetClickY();
extern int wxGetButton();
extern int wxGetLastButton();
extern void doFilled(int fillcolor, int count, struct mypoint *points);

#define SCREEN_WIDTH		1
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT		2
#define	BACK_GROUND			3
#define	IN_SPLITSCREEN		4
#define	IN_GRAPHICS_MODE	5
#define NUMCOLORS 256
#define NUMINITCOLORS 16


#define GR_SIZE         60000

#define prepare_to_draw          wxPrepare()
#define done_drawing             nop()

#define prepare_to_draw_turtle nop()
#define done_drawing_turtle  nop()

    
//#define screen_height (1 + screen_bottom - screen_top) 
//#define screen_width (1 + screen_right - screen_left) 
#define screen_width			 wxGetInfo(SCREEN_WIDTH)
#define	screen_height			 wxGetInfo(SCREEN_HEIGHT)
#define back_ground				 wxGetInfo(BACK_GROUND)
#define xgr_pen					 getPen()

#define screen_left              0
#define screen_right             (screen_width)
#define screen_top               0
#define screen_bottom            (screen_height)


#define screen_x_center (screen_left + (screen_width)/2)
#define screen_y_center (screen_top + (screen_height)/2)

#define turtle_left_max ((screen_left) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_right_max ((screen_right) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_top_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_top))
#define turtle_bottom_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_bottom))

#define screen_x_coord ((screen_x_center) + turtle_x)
#define screen_y_coord ((screen_y_center) - turtle_y)

#define turtle_height 18
#define turtle_half_bottom 6.0
#define turtle_side 19.0

#define refresh_screen()         wx_refresh();
#define clear_screen		 wx_clear();

#define erase_screen()		 wx_clear();

#define line_to(a,b)             wxDrawLine(xgr_pen->xpos, \
                                 xgr_pen->ypos,a,b,!xgr_pen->vis);\
                                 xgr_pen->xpos=(a);\
                                 xgr_pen->ypos=(b)

#define move_to(a,b)             xgr_pen->xpos=(a); \
                                 xgr_pen->ypos=(b); \
				 turtlePosition_x=screen_x_coord; \
				 turtlePosition_y=screen_y_coord;

#define draw_string(s)           wxLabel(s);

#define set_pen_vis(v)           xgr_pen->vis=(v)

#define set_pen_mode(m)          xgr_pen->pen_md=(m)

#define set_pen_color(c)         draw_turtle();\
                                 xgr_pen->color=c%NUMCOLORS;\
                                 draw_turtle();

#define set_back_ground(c)       wxSetInfo(BACK_GROUND,c%NUMCOLORS);\
                                 redraw_graphics();

#define set_pen_width(w)         wxSetPenWidth(w);

#define set_pen_height(h)        nop();

#define set_pen_x(x)             nop()
#define set_pen_y(y)             nop()



#define p_info_x(p)              (p.xpos)
#define p_info_y(p)              (p.ypos)

/* All these should take an argument, like the two just above.
   Then we could support multiple turtles.
 */

#define pen_width                xgr_pen->pw
#define pen_height               xgr_pen->pw	/* not ph, which isn't set */
#define pen_color                xgr_pen->color
#define pen_mode                 xgr_pen->pen_md
#define pen_vis                  xgr_pen->vis
#define pen_x                    (xgr_pen->xpos)
#define pen_y                    (xgr_pen->ypos)
#define get_node_pen_pattern     (cons(make_intnode(-1), NIL))

#define PEN_REVERSE              0
#define PEN_ERASE                1
#define PEN_DOWN                 2

#define pen_reverse              pen_mode=PEN_REVERSE
#define pen_erase                pen_mode=PEN_ERASE
#define pen_down                 pen_mode=PEN_DOWN

#define button                   wxGetButton()
#define lastbutton		 wxGetLastButton()
#define mouse_x                  wxGetMouseX()
#define mouse_y                  wxGetMouseY()
#define click_x                  wxGetClickX()
#define click_y                  wxGetClickY()

#define full_screen              wxFullScreen()
#define split_screen             wxSplitScreen()
#define text_screen              wxTextScreen()

#define in_splitscreen wxGetInfo(IN_SPLITSCREEN)
#define in_graphics_mode wxGetInfo(IN_GRAPHICS_MODE)

#define plain_xor_pen()          pen_reverse

#define label(s)                 wxLabel(s)

#define tone(p,d)                nop()
#define get_pen_pattern(p)       nop()
#define set_pen_pattern(p)       nop()
#define set_list_pen_pattern(p)  nop()

extern void set_palette(int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
extern void get_palette(int, unsigned int*, unsigned int*, unsigned int*);
extern void save_pen(pen_info*), restore_pen(pen_info*);
extern void logofill();




/* The sparc has fmod.  So I use it. */
/* #define fmod(x,y)                x */


extern void nop();







ucblogo-6.1/init.c0000664000175000017500000010044413601420003012211 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      init.c	  logo init module			dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#ifdef WIN32
#include 
#endif

//#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#ifndef WIN32
#include 
#endif

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 
#include 

#ifdef HAVE_WX
void getExecutableDir(char * path, int maxlen);
#endif

typedef struct priminfo {
    char *name;
    short minargs;
    short defargs;
    short maxargs;
    short priority;
    NODE *(*prim) ();
} PRIMTYPE;

NODE *Right_Paren, *Left_Paren, *Redefp, *Caseignoredp, *Erract, *Printdepthlimit,
     *Printwidthlimit, *Pause, *LoadNoisily, *AllowGetSet,
     *UnburyOnEdit, *Fullprintp, *Make, *Listvalue, *Dotsvalue,
     *Unbound, *Not_Enough_Node, *Buttonact, *LogoVersion, *LogoPlatform,
     *LogoLogo, *CommandLine, *Keyact,
#ifdef OBJECTS
     *askexist,
#endif
     *Minus_Sign, *Minus_Tight, *Startup, *Startuplg,
     *Query, *UseAlternateNames;
NODE *Null_Word = NIL;

PRIMTYPE prims[] = {
    {"*", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 3, lmul},
    {"+", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 2, ladd},
    {"-", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 2, lsub},
    {"--", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 4, lsub},
    {".defmacro", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ldefmacro},
    {".eq", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, l_eq},
    {".macro", -1, -1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmacro},
    {".maybeoutput", 1, 1, 1, MAYBE_PRIORITY, loutput},
    {".setbf", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, l_setbf},
    {".setfirst", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, l_setfirst},
    {".setitem", 3, 3, 3, PREFIX_PRIORITY, l_setitem},
    {".setsegmentsize", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetsegsz},
    {"/", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 3, ldivide},
    {"<", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 1, llessp},
    {"=", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 1, lequalp},
    {">", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 1, lgreaterp},
    {"<=", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 1, llessequalp},
    {"<>", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 1, lnotequalp},
    {">=", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY + 1, lgreaterequalp},
    {"?", 0, 0, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lqm},
    {"allopen", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lallopen},
    {"and", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, land},
    {"apply", 2, 2, 2, MACRO_PRIORITY, lapply},
    {"arc", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, larc},
    {"arctan", 1, 1, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, latan},
    {"arity", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, larity},
    {"array", 1, 1, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, larray},
    {"arrayp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, larrayp},
    {"arraytolist", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, larraytolist},
    {"array?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, larrayp},
    {"ascii", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lascii},
    {"ashift", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lashift},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"ask", 2, 2, 2, MACRO_PRIORITY, lask},
#endif
    {"back", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lback},
    {"background", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbackground},
    {"beforep", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbeforep},
    {"before?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbeforep},
    {"bf", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbutfirst},
    {"bfs", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbfs},
    {"bg", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbackground},
    {"bitand", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbitand},
    {"bitnot", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbitnot},
    {"bitor", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbitor},
    {"bitxor", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbitxor},
    {"bk", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lback},
    {"bl", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbutlast},
    {"buried", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lburied},
    {"buriedp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lburiedp},
    {"buried?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lburiedp},
    {"bury", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbury},
    {"butfirst", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbutfirst},
    {"butfirsts", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbfs},
    {"butlast", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbutlast},
    {"button", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbutton},
    {"buttonp", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbuttonp},
    {"button?", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbuttonp},
    {"bye", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lbye},
    {"catch", 2, 2, 2, MACRO_PRIORITY, lcatch},
    {"char", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lchar},
    {"clean", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lclean},
    {"clearscreen", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lclearscreen},
    {"cleartext", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcleartext},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"clickpos", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lclickpos},
#endif
    {"close", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lclose},
    {"co", OK_NO_ARG, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcontinue},
    {"contents", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcontents},
    {"continue", OK_NO_ARG, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcontinue},
    {"copydef", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcopydef},
    {"cos", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcos},
    {"count", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcount},
    {"cs", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lclearscreen},
    {"cslsload", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcslsload},
    {"ct", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcleartext},
    {"cursor", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcursor},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"decreasefont", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, DecreaseFont},
#endif
    {"define", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ldefine},
    {"definedp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ldefinedp},
    {"defined?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ldefinedp},
    {"difference", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsub},
    {"dribble", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ldribble},
    {"ed", OK_NO_ARG, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ledit},
    {"edit", OK_NO_ARG, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ledit},
    {"editfile", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, leditfile},
    {"emptyp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lemptyp},
    {"empty?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lemptyp},
    {"eofp", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, leofp},
    {"eof?", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, leofp},
    {"epspict", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lepspict},
    {"equalp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lequalp},
    {"equal?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lequalp},
    {"er", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerase},
    {"erall", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerall},
    {"erase", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerase},
    {"erasefile", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerasefile},
    {"erf", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerasefile},
    {"erns", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerns},
    {"erpls", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerpls},
    {"erps", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerps},
    {"error", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lerror},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"exist", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lexist},
#endif
    {"exp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lexp},
    {"fd", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lforward},
    {"fence", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfence},
    {"fill", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfill},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"filled", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfilled},
#endif
    {"first", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfirst},
    {"firsts", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfirsts},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"font", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfont},
#endif
    {"forever", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, lforever},
    {"form", 3, 3, 3, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lform},
    {"forward", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lforward},
    {"fput", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfput},
    {"fs", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfullscreen},
    {"fullscreen", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfullscreen},
    {"fulltext", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lfulltext},
    {"gc", 0, 0, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lgc},
    {"global", 1, 1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lglobal},
    {"goto", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, lgoto},
    {"gprop", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lgprop},
    {"greaterp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lgreaterp},
    {"greater?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lgreaterp},
    {"greaterequalp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lgreaterequalp},
    {"greaterequal?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lgreaterequalp},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"have", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lhave},
#endif
    {"heading", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lheading},
    {"help", OK_NO_ARG, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lhelp},
    {"hideturtle", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lhideturtle},
    {"home", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lhome},
    {"ht", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lhideturtle},
    {"if", 2, 2, 3, MACRO_PRIORITY, lif},
    {"ifelse", 3, 3, 3, MACRO_PRIORITY, lifelse},
    {"iff", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, liffalse},
    {"iffalse", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, liffalse},
    {"ift", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, liftrue},
    {"iftrue", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, liftrue},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"increasefont", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, IncreaseFont},
#endif
    {"int", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, linteg},
    {"item", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, litem},
    {"keyp", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lkeyp},
    {"key?", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lkeyp},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"kindof", 1, 1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lkindof},
#endif
    {"label", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llabel},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"labelsize", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llabelsize},	
#endif
    {"last", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llast},
    {"left", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lleft},
    {"lessp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llessp},
    {"less?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llessp},
    {"lessequalp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llessequalp},
    {"lessequal?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llessequalp},
    {"list", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llist},
    {"listp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llistp},
    {"listtoarray", 1, 1, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llisttoarray},
    {"list?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llistp},
    {"ln", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lln},
    {"load", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lload},
    {"loadpict", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lloadpict},
    {"local", 1, 1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llocal},
    {"log10", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llog10},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"logo", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llogo},
#endif
    {"lowercase", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llowercase},
    {"lput", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llput},
    {"lshift", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, llshift},
    {"lt", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lleft},
    {"macrop", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmacrop},
    {"macro?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmacrop},
    {"make", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmake},
#ifndef HAVE_WX
#if defined(WIN32)
    {"maximize.window", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, maximize},
#endif
#endif
    {"member", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmember},
    {"memberp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmemberp},
    {"member?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmemberp},
    {"minus", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsub},
    {"modulo", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmodulo},
    {"mousepos", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmousepos},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"mynamep", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmynamep},
    {"mynames", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmynames},
    {"myprocp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmyprocp},
    {"myprocs", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmyprocs},
#endif
    {"namep", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnamep},
    {"name?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnamep},
    {"names", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnames},
    {"nodes", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnodes},
    {"nodribble", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnodribble},
    {"norefresh", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnorefresh},
    {"not", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnot},
    {"notequalp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnotequalp},
    {"notequal?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnotequalp},
    {"numberp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnumberp},
    {"number?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnumberp},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"oneof", 1, 1, -1, MACRO_PRIORITY, loneof},
#endif
    {"op", 1, 1, 1, OUTPUT_PRIORITY, loutput},
    {"openappend", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lopenappend},
    {"openread", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lopenread},
    {"openupdate", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lopenupdate},
    {"openwrite", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lopenwrite},
    {"or", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lor},
    {"output", 1, 1, 1, OUTPUT_PRIORITY, loutput},
    {"palette", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpalette},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"parents", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lparents},
#endif
    {"parse", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lparse},
    {"pause", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpause},	       
    {"pc", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpencolor},
    {"pd", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpendown},
    {"pe", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenerase},
    {"pencolor", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpencolor},
    {"pendown", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpendown},
    {"pendownp", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpendownp},
    {"pendown?", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpendownp},
    {"penerase", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenerase},
    {"penmode", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenmode},
    {"penpaint", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenpaint},
    {"penpattern", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenpattern},
    {"penreverse", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenreverse},
    {"pensize", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpensize},
    {"penup", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenup},
    {"plist", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lplist},
    {"plistp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lplistp},
    {"plist?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lplistp},
    {"plists", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lplists},
    {"po", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpo},
    {"pos", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpos},
    {"pot", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpot},
    {"power", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpower},
    {"pprop", 3, 3, 3, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpprop},
    {"ppt", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenpaint},
    {"pr", 0, 1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprint},
    {"prefix", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprefix},
    {"primitivep", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprimitivep},
    {"primitive?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprimitivep},
    {"primitives", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprimitives},
    {"print", 0, 1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprint},
    {"printout", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpo},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"printpict", 0, 0, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprintpict},
    {"printtext", 0, 0, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprinttext},
#endif
    {"procedurep", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprocedurep},
    {"procedure?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprocedurep},
    {"procedures", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lprocedures},
    {"product", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lmul},
    {"pu", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenup},
    {"px", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lpenreverse},
    {"quotient", 1, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ldivide},
    {"radarctan", 1, 1, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lradatan},
    {"radcos", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lradcos},
    {"radsin", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lradsin},
    {"random", 1, 1, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lrandom},
    {"rawascii", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lrawascii},
    {"rc", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadchar},
    {"rcs", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadchars},
    {"readchar", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadchar},
    {"readchars", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadchars},
    {"reader", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreader},
    {"readlist", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadlist},
    {"readpos", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadpos},
    {"readrawline", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadrawline},
    {"readword", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadword},
    {"refresh", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lrefresh},
    {"remainder", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lremainder},
    {"remprop", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lremprop},
    {"repcount", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lrepcount},
    {"repeat", 2, 2, 2, MACRO_PRIORITY, lrepeat},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"representation", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lrepresentation},
#endif
    {"rerandom", 0, 0, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lrerandom},
    {"right", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lright},
    {"rl", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadlist},
    {"round", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lroundx},
    {"rt", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lright},
    {"run", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, lrun},
    {"runparse", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lrunparse},
    {"runresult", 1, 1, 1, MACRO_PRIORITY, lrunresult},
    {"rw", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lreadword},
    {"save", OK_NO_ARG, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsave},
    {"savepict", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsavepict},
    {"screenmode", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lscreenmode},
    {"scrunch", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lscrunch},
    {"se", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsentence},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"self", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lself},
#endif
    {"sentence", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsentence},
    {"setbg", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetbackground},
    {"setbackground", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetbackground},
    {"setcursor", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetcursor},
    {"setcslsloc", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetcslsloc},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"setfont", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetfont},
#endif
    {"seteditor", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lseteditor},
    {"seth", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetheading},
    {"setheading", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetheading},
    {"sethelploc", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsethelploc},
    {"setitem", 3, 3, 3, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetitem},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"setlabelheight", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetlabelheight},
#endif
    {"setlibloc", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetlibloc},
    {"setmargins", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetmargins},
    {"setpalette", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetpalette},
    {"setpc", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetpencolor},
    {"setpencolor", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetpencolor},
    {"setpenpattern", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetpenpattern},
    {"setpensize", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetpensize},
    {"setpos", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetpos},
    {"setprefix", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetprefix},
    {"setread", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetread},
    {"setreadpos", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetreadpos},
    {"setscrunch", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetscrunch},
#if defined(WIN32)|defined(ibm)|defined(HAVE_WX)
    {"settc", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, set_text_color},
    {"settextcolor", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, set_text_color},
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"settextsize", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsettextsize},
#endif
    {"settemploc", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsettemploc},
    {"setwrite", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetwrite},
    {"setwritepos", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetwritepos},
    {"setx", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetx},
    {"setxy", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetxy},
    {"sety", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsety},
    {"shell", 1, 1, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lshell},
    {"show", 0, 1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lshow},
    {"shownp", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lshownp},
    {"shown?", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lshownp},
    {"showturtle", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lshowturtle},
    {"sin", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsin},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"something", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsomething},
#endif
    {"splitscreen", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsplitscreen},
    {"sqrt", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsqrt},
    {"ss", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsplitscreen},
    {"st", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lshowturtle},
    {"standout", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lstandout},
    {"step", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lstep},
    {"stepped", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lstepped},
    {"steppedp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsteppedp},
    {"stepped?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsteppedp},
    {"stop", 0, 0, 0, STOP_PRIORITY, lstop},
    {"substringp", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsubstringp},
    {"substring?", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsubstringp},
    {"sum", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ladd},
    {"tag", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltag},
#ifdef OBJECTS
    {"talkto", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltalkto},
#endif
    {"test", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltest},
    {"text", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltext},
    {"textscreen", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltextscreen},
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    {"textsize", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltextsize},
#endif
    {"thing", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lthing},
    {"throw", 1, 1, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lthrow},
    {"to", -1, -1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lto},
    {"tone", 2, 2, 2, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltone},
    {"towards", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltowards},
    {"trace", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltrace},
    {"traced", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltraced},
    {"tracedp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltracedp},
    {"traced?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltracedp},
    {"ts", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltextscreen},
    {"turtlemode", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lturtlemode},
    {"type", 0, 1, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, ltype},
    {"unbury", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lunbury},
    {"unstep", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lunstep},
    {"untrace", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, luntrace},
    {"uppercase", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, luppercase},
    {"vbarredp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lvbarredp},
    {"vbarred?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lvbarredp},
    {"wait", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lwait},
    {"window", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lwindow},
    {"word", 0, 2, -1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lword},
    {"wordp", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lwordp},
    {"word?", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lwordp},
    {"wrap", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lwrap},
    {"writepos", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lwritepos},
    {"writer", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lwriter},

#ifdef mac
    {"setwindowtitle", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetwindowtitle},
    {"settextfont", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsettextfont},
    {"settextsize", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsettextsize},
    {"settextstyle", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsettextstyle},
    {"setwindowsize", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetwindowsize},
    {"setwindowxy", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lsetwindowxy},
    {"newconsole", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lnewconsole},
    {"graphtext", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lgraphtext},
    {"regulartext", 0, 0, 0, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lregulartext},
    {"caninverse", 1, 1, 1, PREFIX_PRIORITY, lcaninverse},
#endif

    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};

struct wdtrans translations[NUM_WORDS];

NODE *intern_p(NODE *caseobj) {
    NODE *result = intern(caseobj);
    setflag__caseobj(result, PERMANENT);
    return result;
}

void init(void) {
    int i = 0;
    NODE *iproc = NIL, *pname = NIL, *cnd = NIL;
    FILE *fp;
    char linebuf[256];
    char *sugar;
    static char sugarlib[100], sugarhelp[100], sugarcsls[100];
#ifdef WIN32
    HKEY regKey1, regKey2, regKey3;
    int got_hklm = 0;
    char buf[200];
    unsigned long int bufsiz;
    char *envp;
#endif

    readstream = stdin;
    writestream = stdout;
    loadstream = stdin;

    fill_reserve_tank();
    oldyoungs = Unbound = newnode(PUNBOUND);

#ifdef HAVE_SRANDOM
    srandom((int)time((time_t *)NULL));
#else
    srand((int)time((time_t *)NULL));
#endif
#ifdef ecma
    for (i=0; i<128; i++)
	ecma_array[i] = i;
    for (i=0; in_car = (NODE *)®s;

//hist_inptr = hist_outptr = cmdHistory;

#ifdef OBJECTS
    obj_init();
#endif

/*  Uncomment these to print debugging messages right away! */
/*
    setvalnode__caseobj(Redefp, True);
    setflag__caseobj(Redefp, VAL_BURIED);
 */
}
ucblogo-6.1/win32trm.h0000664000175000017500000001216013557147341012762 0ustar  jjcjjc/* -*-C-*-
 * Win32trm.h
 *
 * Function prototypes &c for Win32 API (Win95, WinNT) compliant
 * procedures.
 *
 * $Id: win32trm.h,v 1.1.1.1 2005/02/01 19:47:31 paley Exp $
 *
 * $Log: win32trm.h,v $
 * Revision 1.1.1.1  2005/02/01 19:47:31  paley
 * initial commit
 *
 *
 * (c) 1996 UC Regents, etc.
 *
 */

#include 
#include "logo.h"

#ifndef _WIN32TRM_H

/* set to 1000 for debugging, should normally be ~10k */
#define GR_SIZE 60000

#define prepare_to_draw win32_prepare_draw()
#define done_drawing

#define prepare_to_draw_turtle win32_turtle_prep()
#define done_drawing_turtle win32_turtle_end()

#define screen_left 0
#define screen_right win32_screen_right()
#define screen_top 0
#define screen_bottom win32_screen_bottom()
#define max_screen_bottom win32_screen_bottom()

#define screen_height (1 + screen_bottom - screen_top)
#define screen_width (1 + screen_right - screen_left)

#define screen_x_center (screen_left + (screen_width)/2)
#define screen_y_center (screen_top + (screen_height)/2)

#define turtle_left_max ((screen_left) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_right_max ((screen_right) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_top_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_top))
#define turtle_bottom_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_bottom))

#define screen_x_coord ((screen_x_center) + turtle_x)
#define screen_y_coord ((screen_y_center) - turtle_y)

#define turtle_height (FIXNUM) 18
#define turtle_half_bottom (FLONUM) 6.0
#define turtle_side (FLONUM) 19.0

#define clear_screen win32_erase_screen()

#define line_to(x,y) {\
  if (pen_vis==0) \
    lineto((int)x,(int)y); \
  else \
    moveto((int)x,(int)y);\
  }

#define move_to(x,y) moveto((int)x,(int)y)
/* #define draw_string(s) outtext((char *)s) function */

#define set_pen_vis(v) { turtlePen.vis = v; }
/* functionified */
#define set_pen_mode(m)  win32_set_pen_mode(m)
/* functionified */
#define set_pen_color(c) win32_set_pen_color(c)

#define set_back_ground(c) win32_set_bg(c)
/*  Now functions instead of macros */
#define set_pen_width(w) win32_set_pen_width(w)
#define set_pen_height(h) win32_set_pen_width(h)

#define set_pen_x(x) moveto((int)x, pen_y)
#define set_pen_y(y) moveto(pen_x, (int)y)

#define erase_screen() win32_erase_screen()

/* pen_info is a stucture type with fields for the various
   pen characteristics including the location, size, color,
   mode (e.g. XOR or COPY), pattern, visibility (0 = visible) */

typedef struct { int    h;
		 int	v;
		 int	vis;
		 int	width;
		 int    color;
		 char	pattern[8];
		 int	mode;
#ifdef WIN32
                 HPEN   hpen;
#endif  
} pen_info;

#define p_info_x(p) p.h
#define p_info_y(p) p.v

#define pen_width (int) turtlePen.width
#define pen_height (int) turtlePen.width
#define pen_mode turtlePen.mode
#define pen_vis turtlePen.vis

#define pen_x turtlePen.h
#define pen_y turtlePen.v

#define get_node_pen_pattern win32_get_node_pen_pattern()

#define pen_reverse win32_pen_reverse()
#define pen_erase win32_pen_erase()
#define pen_down win32_pen_down()

#define button (w_button)

#define full_screen win32_con_full_screen()
#define split_screen win32_con_split_screen()
#define text_screen win32_con_text_screen()

/* definitions from term.c and math.c for ibmterm.c */
extern int x_coord, y_coord, x_max, y_max, tty_charmode;
extern char so_arr[], se_arr[];
extern FLONUM degrad;

/* Forward declarations for graphics.c */
extern void gr_mode(), draw_turtle();
extern void win32_pen_erase(), win32_pen_down(), win32_pen_xor();
extern void win32_set_pen_mode(int), win32_set_pen_color(), win32_set_bg();
extern int get_win32_pen_mode(), win32_set_pen_width(int);
extern void save_pen(pen_info*), restore_pen(pen_info*), set_pen_pattern();
extern void plain_xor_pen();
extern void set_list_pen_pattern(), get_pen_pattern(), erase_screen();
extern void label(), logofill();
extern void t_screen(), s_screen(), f_screen(), tone();
extern FIXNUM mickey_x(), mickey_y();
extern NODE *win32_get_node_pen_pattern();
extern FIXNUM t_height();
extern FIXNUM pen_color, back_ground;
extern FLONUM t_half_bottom(), t_side();
extern BOOLEAN in_erase_mode;
extern void win32_init_palette(), win32_pen_reverse();
extern void win32_turtle_prep(), win32_turtle_end();
extern void win32_con_text_screen(), win32_con_split_screen();
extern void win32_prepare_draw(void);
extern void win32_con_full_screen(), win32_clear_text();
extern NODE* win32_lsetcursor(NODE *);
extern int win32_screen_right();
extern pen_info turtlePen;
extern void MoveCursor(int, int), win32_receive_char(char);
extern void win32_parse_line(char*);
extern FIXNUM mouse_x, mouse_y;
extern int w_button;

/* prototypes added by sowings */
extern BOOLEAN safe_to_save();
extern void save_lm_helper(), save_line(), save_move();
extern void save_mode(), save_color(), save_pattern();
extern void save_size(), save_vis();

extern void set_palette(int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
extern void get_palette(int, unsigned int*, unsigned int*, unsigned int*);

#define nop() {} 

#define WIN_PEN_ERASE   1
#define WIN_PEN_DOWN    2
#define WIN_PEN_REVERSE 3

#define NUM_LINES 100
#define CHARS_PER_LINE 200

LRESULT CALLBACK MainFunc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

#define _WIN32TRM_H
#endif /* !_WIN32TRM_H */
ucblogo-6.1/ucblogo.xpm0000664000175000017500000041522213557147341013312 0ustar  jjcjjc/* XPM */
static const char *ucblogo[] =
{
/* width height ncolors chars_per_pixel */
"256 256 234 2",
/* colors */
"AA c #FFFFFFFFFFFF",
"BA c #F7F7FFFFA5A5",
"CA c #F7F7F7F7E7E7",
"DA c #F7F7F7F79C9C",
"EA c #EFEFF7F7F7F7",
"FA c #EFEFF7F7DEDE",
"GA c #EFEFF7F7CECE",
"HA c #EFEFEFEFB5B5",
"IA c #EFEFE7E7ADAD",
"JA c #EFEFE7E79C9C",
"KA c #EFEFD6D6DEDE",
"LA c #EFEFD6D6C6C6",
"MA c #EFEFCECEB5B5",
"NA c #EFEFCECE9C9C",
"OA c #E7E7BDBDADAD",
"PA c #E7E7BDBD8C8C",
"AB c #E7E7ADAD9C9C",
"BB c #DEDED6D69C9C",
"CB c #DEDEC6C6C6C6",
"DB c #DEDEA5A58C8C",
"EB c #D6D6DEDEE7E7",
"FB c #D6D6DEDECECE",
"GB c #D6D6D6D6BDBD",
"HB c #D6D6CECE8C8C",
"IB c #D6D6B5B57373",
"JB c #CECEE7E7F7F7",
"KB c #CECECECEA5A5",
"LB c #CECEBDBDADAD",
"MB c #CECEBDBD8C8C",
"NB c #CECEADAD5A5A",
"OB c #CECEA5A58C8C",
"PB c #CECE94947373",
"AC c #CECE94945A5A",
"BC c #C6C6CECEC6C6",
"CC c #C6C6ADAD7373",
"DC c #BDBDD6D6B5B5",
"EC c #BDBDC6C6DEDE",
"FC c #BDBDBDBDADAD",
"GC c #BDBDB5B58C8C",
"HC c #BDBDADADB5B5",
"IC c #BDBDA5A59C9C",
"JC c #BDBD9C9C5A5A",
"KC c #BDBD94948C8C",
"LC c #B5B5CECEA5A5",
"MC c #B5B58C8C5252",
"NC c #B5B584847373",
"OC c #B5B57B7B6363",
"PC c #ADADD6D6EFEF",
"AD c #ADADCECEE7E7",
"BD c #ADADCECEDEDE",
"CD c #ADADCECEC6C6",
"DD c #ADADBDBDC6C6",
"ED c #ADADADAD8C8C",
"FD c #ADADADAD7373",
"GD c #ADAD8C8C8C8C",
"HD c #ADAD73735252",
"ID c #A5A5D6D6F7F7",
"JD c #A5A5BDBDDEDE",
"KD c #A5A5BDBDBDBD",
"LD c #A5A5BDBDA5A5",
"MD c #A5A5BDBD8C8C",
"ND c #A5A59C9C8C8C",
"OD c #A5A59C9C7373",
"PD c #A5A59C9C5A5A",
"AE c #A5A58C8C6B6B",
"BE c #A5A584842929",
"CE c #A5A573734A4A",
"DE c #9C9CD6D69494",
"EE c #9C9CD6D67B7B",
"FE c #9C9CB5B5A5A5",
"GE c #9C9CADADC6C6",
"HE c #9C9CADADA5A5",
"IE c #9C9C9C9CADAD",
"JE c #9C9C94949C9C",
"KE c #9C9C8C8C5252",
"LE c #9C9C84848C8C",
"ME c #9C9C7B7B7373",
"NE c #9C9C73736363",
"OE c #9C9C6B6B4242",
"PE c #9C9C6B6B3939",
"AF c #9494CECEF7F7",
"BF c #9494B5B5DEDE",
"CF c #9494B5B57373",
"DF c #9494B5B56B6B",
"EF c #949473732929",
"FF c #949452520808",
"GF c #8C8CDEDE9494",
"HF c #8C8CD6D67B7B",
"IF c #8C8CD6D66B6B",
"JF c #8C8CCECEDEDE",
"KF c #8C8CB5B5D6D6",
"LF c #8484B5B5BDBD",
"MF c #8484B5B5A5A5",
"NF c #8484B5B58484",
"OF c #8484B5B56B6B",
"PF c #84849C9CBDBD",
"AG c #84849C9C7B7B",
"BG c #84849C9C6363",
"CG c #84849494ADAD",
"DG c #84848C8C9C9C",
"EG c #848484845A5A",
"FG c #84847B7B7B7B",
"GG c #84846B6B4242",
"HG c #84846B6B3131",
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lsqrt	math.c	/^NODE *lsqrt(NODE *args) {$/
lstandout	wxterm.c	/^NODE *lstandout(NODE *args) {$/
lstep	wrksp.c	/^NODE *lstep(NODE *arg) {$/
lstepped	wrksp.c	/^NODE *lstepped(NODE *args) {$/
lsteppedp	wrksp.c	/^NODE *lsteppedp(NODE *arg) {$/
lstop	coms.c	/^NODE *lstop(NODE *args) {$/
lsub	math.c	/^NODE *lsub(NODE *args) {$/
lsubstringp	lists.c	/^NODE *lsubstringp(NODE *args) {$/
ltag	coms.c	/^NODE *ltag(NODE *args) {$/
ltest	coms.c	/^NODE *ltest(NODE *args) {$/
ltext	wrksp.c	/^NODE *ltext(NODE *args) {$/
ltextscreen	graphics.c	/^NODE *ltextscreen(NODE *args) {$/
ltextsize	wxterm.c	/^NODE *ltextsize(NODE *arg) {$/
lthing	wrksp.c	/^NODE *lthing(NODE *args) {$/
lthrow	coms.c	/^NODE *lthrow(NODE *arg) {$/
ltone	graphics.c	/^NODE *ltone(NODE *args) {$/
ltowards	graphics.c	/^NODE *ltowards(NODE *args) {$/
ltrace	wrksp.c	/^NODE *ltrace(NODE *arg) {$/
ltraced	wrksp.c	/^NODE *ltraced(NODE *args) {$/
ltracedp	wrksp.c	/^NODE *ltracedp(NODE *arg) {$/
lturtlemode	graphics.c	/^NODE *lturtlemode(NODE *args) {$/
ltype	print.c	/^NODE *ltype(NODE *args) {$/
lunbury	wrksp.c	/^NODE *lunbury(NODE *arg) {$/
lunstep	wrksp.c	/^NODE *lunstep(NODE *arg) {$/
luntrace	wrksp.c	/^NODE *luntrace(NODE *arg) {$/
luppercase	logodata.c	/^NODE *luppercase(NODE *args) {$/
lvbarredp	lists.c	/^NODE *lvbarredp(NODE *args) {$/
lwait	coms.c	/^NODE *lwait(NODE *args) {$/
lwindow	graphics.c	/^NODE *lwindow(NODE *args) {$/
lword	lists.c	/^NODE *lword(NODE *args) {$/
lwordp	lists.c	/^NODE *lwordp(NODE *arg) {$/
lwrap	graphics.c	/^NODE *lwrap(NODE *args) {$/
lwritepos	files.c	/^NODE *lwritepos(NODE *args) {$/
lwriter	files.c	/^NODE *lwriter(NODE *args) {$/
m_memDC	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^wxMemoryDC *m_memDC;$/
mac	logo.h	/^#define mac$/
make_array	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_array(FIXNUM len) {$/
make_case	intern.c	/^NODE *make_case(NODE *casestrnd, NODE *obj) {$/
make_caseobj	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_caseobj(NODE *cstrnd, NODE *obj) {$/
make_colon	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_colon(NODE *cnd) {$/
make_cont	coms.c	/^NODE *make_cont(enum labels cont, NODE *val) {$/
make_floatnode	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_floatnode(FLONUM f) {$/
make_instance	intern.c	/^NODE *make_instance(NODE *casend, NODE *lownd) {$/
make_intnode	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_intnode(FIXNUM i) {$/
make_line	paren.c	/^void make_line(NODE *tree, NODE *line) {$/
make_object	intern.c	/^NODE *make_object(NODE *canonical, NODE *oproc, NODE *val,$/
make_procnode	wrksp.c	/^NODE *make_procnode(NODE *lst, NODE *wrds, int min, int df, int max) {$/
make_quote	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_quote(NODE *qnd) {$/
make_rgbnode	graphics.c	/^NODE *make_rgbnode(unsigned int val) {$/
make_runparse	logodata.c	/^void make_runparse(NODE *ndi) {$/
make_static_strnode	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_static_strnode(char *strptr) {$/
make_strnode	logodata.c	/^NODE *make_strnode(char *strptr, struct string_block *strhead, int len,$/
make_tree	paren.c	/^void make_tree(NODE *list) {$/
make_tree_from_body	paren.c	/^void make_tree_from_body(NODE *body) {$/
map_oblist	intern.c	/^void map_oblist(void (*fcn)()) {$/
mark	mem.c	/^void mark(NODE* nd) {$/
mark_gc	logo.h	/^    long int mark_gc;	\/* when marked *\/$/
mark_gcstack	mem.c	/^NODE **mark_gcstack = gcstack;$/
mark_gen_gc	mem.c	/^int mark_gen_gc;$/
math_init	math.c	/^void math_init() {$/
matherr	math.c	/^int matherr(struct exception *x) {$/
max_gen	mem.c	/^int next_gen_gc = 0, max_gen = 0;$/
max_palette_slot	graphics.c	/^int max_palette_slot = 0;$/
maxargs	init.c	/^    short maxargs;$/
maxargs__procnode	logo.h	/^#define maxargs__procnode(/
maybe_quote	logodata.c	/^NODE *maybe_quote(NODE *nd) {$/
mem_allocated	mem.c	/^long int mem_allocated = 0, mem_freed = 0;$/
mem_freed	mem.c	/^long int mem_allocated = 0, mem_freed = 0;$/
mem_max	mem.c	/^long int mem_nodes = 0, mem_max = 0;	\/* for Logo NODES primitive *\/$/
mem_nodes	mem.c	/^long int mem_nodes = 0, mem_max = 0;	\/* for Logo NODES primitive *\/$/
memberp_help	lists.c	/^NODE *memberp_help(NODE *args, BOOLEAN notp, BOOLEAN substr) {$/
mend_nosemi	logodata.c	/^char *mend_nosemi(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
mend_strnzcpy	logodata.c	/^char *mend_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
menuBar	wxTerminal.cpp	/^wxMenuBar* menuBar;$/
merge	wrksp.c	/^NODE *merge(NODE *a, NODE *b) {$/
mergepairs	wrksp.c	/^void mergepairs(NODE *nd) {$/
mergesrt	wrksp.c	/^NODE *mergesrt(NODE *nd) {    \/* spelled funny to avoid library conflict *\/$/
message_texts	error.c	/^char *message_texts[MAX_MESSAGE+NUM_WORDS];$/
minargs	init.c	/^    short minargs;$/
minargs__procnode	logo.h	/^#define minargs__procnode(/
missing_alphabetic	paren.c	/^NODE *missing_alphabetic, *missing_numeric;$/
missing_numeric	paren.c	/^NODE *missing_alphabetic, *missing_numeric;$/
missing_space	paren.c	/^int missing_space(NODE *name) {$/
mmark	mem.c	/^#define mmark(/
mode_type	logo.h	/^typedef enum {wrapmode, fencemode, windowmode} mode_type;$/
mousePosition_x	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleCanvas::mousePosition_x;$/
mousePosition_y	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleCanvas::mousePosition_y;$/
mouse_click	globals.h	/^#define mouse_click /
mouse_down	main.c	/^RETSIGTYPE mouse_down(int sig)$/
mouse_down_last	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_last;$/
mouse_down_left	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_left;$/
mouse_down_middle	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_middle;$/
mouse_down_right	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleCanvas::mouse_down_right;$/
mouse_x	xgraphics.h	/^#define mouse_x /
mouse_y	xgraphics.h	/^#define mouse_y /
move_to	xgraphics.h	/^#define move_to(/
ms_listlist	wrksp.c	/^void ms_listlist(NODE *nd) {$/
my_gen	logo.h	/^    int my_gen; \/* Nodes's Generation *\/ \/*GC*\/$/
mypoint	graphics.c	/^struct mypoint {$/
n_array	logo.h	/^#define n_array	/
n_car	logo.h	/^#define n_car /
n_cdr	logo.h	/^#define n_cdr /
n_dim	logo.h	/^#define n_dim	/
n_float	logo.h	/^#define n_float /
n_head	logo.h	/^#define n_head /
n_int	logo.h	/^#define n_int /
n_len	logo.h	/^#define n_len /
n_obj	logo.h	/^#define n_obj /
n_org	logo.h	/^#define n_org	/
n_parent	logo.h	/^#define n_parent	/
n_parents	logo.h	/^#define n_parents /
n_pdef	logo.h	/^#define n_pdef /
n_pfun	logo.h	/^#define n_pfun /
n_pmax	logo.h	/^#define n_pmax /
n_pmin	logo.h	/^#define n_pmin /
n_ppri	logo.h	/^#define n_ppri /
n_procname	logo.h	/^#define n_procname	/
n_procs	logo.h	/^#define n_procs /
n_str	logo.h	/^#define n_str /
n_vars	logo.h	/^#define n_vars /
name	init.c	/^    char *name;$/
nameBuffer	wxMain.cpp	/^char nameBuffer [NAME_BUFFER_SIZE];$/
nameBufferSize	wxMain.cpp	/^int nameBufferSize = 0;$/
name_arg	wrksp.c	/^NODE *name_arg(NODE *args) {$/
narray	logo.h	/^	} narray;$/
narray_data	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node **narray_data;$/
narray_dim	logo.h	/^	    FIXNUM narray_dim;$/
narray_origin	logo.h	/^	    FIXNUM narray_origin;$/
ncar	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *ncar;$/
ncdr	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *ncdr;$/
ncons	logo.h	/^	} ncons;$/
ndef_args	logo.h	/^	    short ndef_args;$/
ndprintf	print.c	/^void ndprintf(FILE *strm, char *fmt, ...) {$/
needToRefresh	wxMain.cpp	/^int needToRefresh = 0;$/
need_save	files.c	/^int need_save = 0;  \/* nonzero if workspace changed since save *\/$/
need_save	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" int need_save;$/
new_line	print.c	/^void new_line(FILE *strm) {$/
newcont	eval.c	/^#define newcont(/
newnode	mem.c	/^NODE *newnode(NODETYPES type) {$/
next	logo.h	/^	struct segment *next;$/
next	logo.h	/^    struct logo_node *next; \/* Link together nodes of the same age *\/ \/*GC*\/$/
next_gen_gc	mem.c	/^int next_gen_gc = 0, max_gen = 0;$/
nfloat	logo.h	/^	FLONUM nfloat;$/
nint	logo.h	/^	FIXNUM nint;$/
nmax_args	logo.h	/^	    short nmax_args;$/
nmethod	logo.h	/^	} nmethod;$/
nmin_args	logo.h	/^	    short nmin_args;$/
nobj	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *nobj;         \/* used only for oblist etc *\/$/
nobject	logo.h	/^	} nobject;$/
node__colon	logo.h	/^#define node__colon(/
node__quote	logo.h	/^#define node__quote(/
node_type	logo.h	/^    NODETYPES node_type;$/
nodes	logo.h	/^	struct logo_node nodes[0];$/
nodes	logo.h	/^	struct logo_node nodes[1];$/
nodetype	mem.c	/^NODETYPES nodetype(NODE *nd) {$/
nop	nographics.c	/^void nop()$/
nop	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void nop() {$/
noparity_strncmp	logodata.c	/^int noparity_strncmp(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
noparity_strnzcpy	logodata.c	/^char *noparity_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
noparitylow_strncmp	logodata.c	/^int noparitylow_strncmp(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
noparitylow_strnzcpy	logodata.c	/^char *noparitylow_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
not_local	eval.c	/^int not_local(NODE *name, NODE *sp) {$/
nparent	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *nparent;$/
nparents	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *nparents;$/
nprim	logo.h	/^	} nprim;$/
nprim_fun	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node * (*nprim_fun) ();$/
npriority	logo.h	/^	    short npriority;$/
nprocname	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *nprocname;$/
nprocs	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *nprocs;$/
nstring	logo.h	/^	} nstring;$/
nstring_head	logo.h	/^	    struct string_block *nstring_head;$/
nstring_len	logo.h	/^	    FIXNUM nstring_len;$/
nstring_ptr	logo.h	/^	    char *nstring_ptr;$/
num2restore	eval.c	/^#define num2restore(/
num2save	eval.c	/^#define num2save(/
num_examined	mem.c	/^long int num_examined;$/
num_saved_nodes	eval.c	/^int num_saved_nodes;$/
numberp	math.c	/^int numberp(NODE *snd) {$/
numeric_arg	graphics.c	/^NODE *numeric_arg(NODE *args) {$/
numpush	eval.c	/^void numpush(FIXNUM obj, NODE **stack) {$/
numrestore	eval.c	/^#define numrestore(/
numsave	eval.c	/^#define numsave(/
numstack	eval.c	/^	*numstack = NIL,\/* stack whose elements aren't objects *\/$/
nunion	logo.h	/^    } nunion;$/
nvars	logo.h	/^	    struct logo_node *nvars;$/
obflags__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define obflags__caseobj(/
obflags__object	logo.h	/^#define obflags__object(/
object__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define object__caseobj(/
oflo_buf	math.c	/^jmp_buf oflo_buf;$/
oldHeight	wxTerminal.cpp	/^int oldHeight = -1;$/
oldWidth	wxTerminal.cpp	/^int oldWidth = -1;$/
old_font	wxTerminal.cpp	/^wxFont old_font;$/
old_style	wxTerminal.cpp	/^wxTextAttr old_style;$/
oldyoung_next	logo.h	/^    struct logo_node *oldyoung_next;$/
oldyoungs	mem.c	/^NODE *oldyoungs = NIL;$/
one_list	wrksp.c	/^NODE *one_list(NODE *nd) {$/
open_file	files.c	/^FILE *open_file(NODE *arg, char *access) {$/
orig_pen	graphics.c	/^pen_info orig_pen;$/
ospeed	wxterm.c	/^short ospeed;$/
out_of_bounds	graphics.c	/^BOOLEAN out_of_bounds = FALSE;$/
output_buffer	wxMain.cpp	/^char output_buffer[MAXOUTBUFF];$/
output_index	wxMain.cpp	/^int output_index = 0;$/
output_node	eval.c	/^*output_node    = NIL,	\/* the output of the current function *\/$/
output_unode	eval.c	/^*output_unode	= NIL;	\/* the unode in which we saw the output *\/$/
p	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^pen_info p;$/
p_end	parse.c	/^char *p_line = 0, *p_end;$/
p_info_x	xgraphics.h	/^#define p_info_x(/
p_info_y	xgraphics.h	/^#define p_info_y(/
p_len	parse.c	/^int p_len = MAX_PHYS_LINE;$/
p_line	parse.c	/^char *p_line = 0, *p_end;$/
paren_expr	paren.c	/^NODE *paren_expr(NODE **expr, BOOLEAN inparen) {$/
paren_infix	paren.c	/^NODE *paren_infix(NODE *left_arg, NODE **rest, int old_pri, BOOLEAN inparen) {$/
paren_line	paren.c	/^NODE *paren_line(NODE *line) {$/
parens	parse.c	/^#define parens(/
parm	eval.c	/^	*parm   = NIL,  \/* the current formal *\/$/
parsed__runparse	logo.h	/^#define parsed__runparse(/
parser	parse.c	/^NODE *parser(NODE *nd, BOOLEAN semi) {$/
parser_iterate	parse.c	/^NODE *parser_iterate(char **inln, char *inlimit, struct string_block *inhead,$/
pathString	wxMain.cpp	/^std::string pathString;$/
pc	nographics.c	/^int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;$/
pen_color	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_color /
pen_down	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_down /
pen_erase	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_erase /
pen_height	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_height /
pen_info	xgraphics.h	/^} pen_info;$/
pen_mode	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_mode /
pen_reverse	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_reverse /
pen_vis	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_vis /
pen_width	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_width /
pen_x	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_x /
pen_y	xgraphics.h	/^#define pen_y /
pfmod	graphics.c	/^double pfmod(double x, double y) {$/
ph	nographics.c	/^int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;$/
ph	xgraphics.h	/^  int ph;$/
picturebottom	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int pictureleft = 0, pictureright = 0, picturetop = 0, picturebottom = 0;$/
pictureleft	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int pictureleft = 0, pictureright = 0, picturetop = 0, picturebottom = 0;$/
pictureright	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int pictureleft = 0, pictureright = 0, picturetop = 0, picturebottom = 0;$/
picturetop	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int pictureleft = 0, pictureright = 0, picturetop = 0, picturebottom = 0;$/
plain_xor_pen	xgraphics.h	/^#define plain_xor_pen(/
plist__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define plist__caseobj(/
plist__object	logo.h	/^#define plist__object(/
pm	nographics.c	/^int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;$/
pm	xgraphics.h	/^  GC  pm;$/
po_helper	wrksp.c	/^NODE *po_helper(NODE *arg, int just_titles) {$/
pop	logo.h	/^#define pop(/
pos_int_arg	coms.c	/^NODE *pos_int_arg(NODE *args) {$/
pos_int_vector_arg	graphics.c	/^NODE *pos_int_vector_arg(NODE *args) {$/
prepare_to_draw	xgraphics.h	/^#define prepare_to_draw /
prepare_to_draw_turtle	xgraphics.h	/^#define prepare_to_draw_turtle /
prepare_to_exit	coms.c	/^void prepare_to_exit(BOOLEAN okay) {$/
prepared	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int prepared = 0;$/
prim	init.c	/^    NODE *(*prim) ();$/
prim_exists	wrksp.c	/^BOOLEAN prim_exists(NODE *name) {$/
priminfo	init.c	/^typedef struct priminfo {$/
prims	init.c	/^PRIMTYPE prims[] = {$/
printToScreen	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" void printToScreen(char c, FILE * stream) $/
print_char	print.c	/^void print_char(FILE *strm, char ch) {$/
print_help	print.c	/^void print_help(FILE *strm, NODE *nd) {$/
print_nobrak	print.c	/^void print_nobrak(FILE *strm, NODE *nd) {$/
print_node	print.c	/^void print_node(FILE *strm, NODE *nd) {$/
print_space	print.c	/^void print_space(FILE *strm) {$/
print_stringlen	print.c	/^int print_stringlen;$/
print_stringptr	print.c	/^char *print_stringptr;$/
printerDC	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^wxDC *printerDC;$/
priority	init.c	/^    short priority;$/
priority	paren.c	/^int priority(NODE *proc_obj) {$/
prname	mem.c	/^void prname(NODE *foo) {$/
proc	logo.h	/^#define proc /
proc_exists	wrksp.c	/^BOOLEAN proc_exists(NODE *name) {$/
proc_name_arg	wrksp.c	/^NODE *proc_name_arg(NODE *args) {$/
procnode__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define procnode__caseobj(/
procnode__caseobj	paren.c	/^#define procnode__caseobj /
procnode__caseobj	paren.c	/^#undef procnode__caseobj$/
procnode__object	logo.h	/^#define procnode__object(/
ps_string	graphics.c	/^void ps_string(FILE *fp, char *p) {$/
push	logo.h	/^#define push(/
putInQueue	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int putInQueue = 0;$/
pv	nographics.c	/^int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;$/
pw	nographics.c	/^int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;$/
pw	xgraphics.h	/^  int pw;$/
px	nographics.c	/^int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;$/
py	nographics.c	/^int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;$/
qm_list	logo.h	/^#define qm_list /
quote_strnzcpy	logodata.c	/^char *quote_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
r_argl	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_argl;   \/* evaluated argument list *\/$/
r_current_unode	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_current_unode;	\/* a pair to identify this proc call *\/$/
r_didnt_get_output	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_didnt_get_output;	\/* procedure wanting output from EVAL *\/$/
r_didnt_output_name	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_didnt_output_name;  \/* name of the proc that didn't OP *\/$/
r_formals	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_formals;	\/* list of formal parameters *\/$/
r_fun	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_fun;    \/* current function name *\/$/
r_ift_iff_flag	logo.h	/^    FIXNUM r_ift_iff_flag;$/
r_last_line	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_last_line;	\/* the line that called this one *\/$/
r_last_ufun	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_last_ufun;	\/* the function that called this one *\/$/
r_proc	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_proc;   \/* the procedure definition *\/$/
r_qm_list	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_qm_list;	\/* question mark list *\/$/
r_repcount	logo.h	/^    FIXNUM r_repcount;	    \/* count for repeat *\/$/
r_tailcall	logo.h	/^    FIXNUM r_tailcall;	    \/* 0 in sequence, 1 for tail, -1 for arg *\/$/
r_this_line	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_this_line;	\/* the current instruction line *\/$/
r_ufun	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_ufun;   \/* current user-defined function name *\/$/
r_unev	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_unev;   \/* list of unevaluated expressions *\/$/
r_user_repcount	logo.h	/^    FIXNUM r_user_repcount;$/
r_val_status	logo.h	/^    FIXNUM r_val_status;    \/* tells what EVAL_SEQUENCE should do: *\/$/
r_var	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_var;    \/* frame pointer into var_stack *\/$/
r_vsp	logo.h	/^    NODE *r_vsp;    \/* temp ptr into var_stack *\/$/
rd_getc	parse.c	/^int rd_getc(FILE *strm) {$/
rd_print_prompt	parse.c	/^void rd_print_prompt(char *str) {$/
rd_putc	globals.h	/^#define rd_putc /
readchar_lookahead_buf	files.c	/^int readchar_lookahead_buf = -1;$/
reader	parse.c	/^NODE *reader(FILE *strm, char *prompt) {$/
reader_name	files.c	/^NODE *reader_name = NIL, *writer_name = NIL, *file_prefix = NIL;$/
readingInstruction	parse.c	/^int readingInstruction = 0;$/
readingInstruction	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" int readingInstruction;$/
reading_char_now	files.c	/^int reading_char_now = 0;$/
reading_char_now	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" int reading_char_now;$/
readstream	parse.c	/^FILE *readstream;$/
realClearScreen	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^void TurtleCanvas::realClearScreen(wxDC *dc) {$/
realDrawLabel	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^void TurtleCanvas::realDrawLabel(char *data, wxDC *dc) {$/
realFloodFill	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^void TurtleCanvas::realFloodFill(int color, wxDC *dc) {$/
real_print_help	print.c	/^void real_print_help(FILE *strm, NODE *ndlist, int depth, int width) {$/
real_print_node	print.c	/^void real_print_node(FILE *strm, NODE *nd, int depth, int width) {$/
realdoFilled	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^void TurtleCanvas::realdoFilled(int fillcolor, int count,$/
record	graphics.c	/^char *record = 0;$/
record_buffer	graphics.c	/^char record_buffer[GR_SIZE];$/
record_buffer	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" char record_buffer[];$/
record_index	graphics.c	/^FIXNUM record_index = 0;$/
redraw_graphics	graphics.c	/^void redraw_graphics(void) {$/
refresh_p	graphics.c	/^BOOLEAN refresh_p = TRUE;$/
registers	logo.h	/^struct registers {$/
regs	eval.c	/^struct registers regs;$/
repcount	logo.h	/^#define repcount /
reserve_tank	mem.c	/^NODE *reserve_tank = NIL;$/
reset_args	eval.c	/^void reset_args(NODE *old_stack) {$/
restline	eval.c	/^NODE *restname, *restline;$/
restname	eval.c	/^NODE *restname, *restline;$/
restore	eval.c	/^#define restore(/
restore2	eval.c	/^#define restore2(/
restore_palette	graphics.c	/^void restore_palette(FILE *fp) {$/
restore_pen	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void restore_pen(pen_info *p) {$/
reverse	eval.c	/^NODE *reverse(NODE *list) {$/
rgb_arg	graphics.c	/^NODE *rgb_arg(NODE *args) {$/
rgbprint	graphics.c	/^void rgbprint(FILE *fp, int cnum) {$/
right	graphics.c	/^void right(FLONUM a) {$/
runnable_arg	coms.c	/^NODE *runnable_arg(NODE *args) {$/
runparse	parse.c	/^NODE *runparse(NODE *ndlist) {$/
runparse_node	parse.c	/^NODE *runparse_node(NODE *nd, NODE **ndsptr) {$/
runparsed	logo.h	/^#define runparsed(/
runstartup	files.c	/^void runstartup(NODE *oldst) {$/
s_md	globals.h	/^extern enum s_md {SCREEN_TEXT, SCREEN_SPLIT, SCREEN_FULL} screen_mode;$/
s_md	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern enum s_md {SCREEN_TEXT, SCREEN_SPLIT, SCREEN_FULL} screen_mode;$/
s_md	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" enum s_md {SCREEN_TEXT, SCREEN_SPLIT, SCREEN_FULL} screen_mode;$/
safe_to_save	graphics.c	/^BOOLEAN safe_to_save(void) {$/
save	eval.c	/^#define save(/
save2	eval.c	/^#define save2(/
save_arc	graphics.c	/^void save_arc(FLONUM count, FLONUM ang, FLONUM radius, FLONUM delta,$/
save_color	graphics.c	/^void save_color(void) {$/
save_line	graphics.c	/^void save_line(void) {$/
save_lm_helper	graphics.c	/^void save_lm_helper (void) {$/
save_mode	graphics.c	/^void save_mode(void) {$/
save_move	graphics.c	/^void save_move(void) {$/
save_name	files.c	/^NODE *save_name = NIL;	\/* filename of last save or load command *\/$/
save_name	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" void *save_name;$/
save_palette	graphics.c	/^void save_palette(FILE *fp) {$/
save_pattern	graphics.c	/^void save_pattern(void) {$/
save_pen	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void save_pen(pen_info *p) {$/
save_size	graphics.c	/^void save_size(void) {$/
save_string	graphics.c	/^void save_string(char *s, int len) {$/
save_vis	graphics.c	/^void save_vis(void) {$/
screen_bottom	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_bottom /
screen_height	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleFrame::screen_height = 0; $/
screen_left	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_left /
screen_mode	graphics.c	/^enum s_md screen_mode = SCREEN_TEXT;$/
screen_mode	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" enum s_md {SCREEN_TEXT, SCREEN_SPLIT, SCREEN_FULL} screen_mode;$/
screen_right	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_right /
screen_top	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_top /
screen_width	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int TurtleFrame::screen_width = 0;$/
screen_x_center	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_x_center /
screen_x_coord	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_x_coord /
screen_y_center	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_y_center /
screen_y_coord	xgraphics.h	/^#define screen_y_coord /
se_arr	wxterm.c	/^char se_arr[40];$/
seg_size	mem.c	/^FIXNUM seg_size = SEG_SIZE;$/
segment	logo.h	/^struct segment {$/
segment_list	mem.c	/^struct segment *segment_list = NULL;  \/* global ptr to segment list *\/$/
separator	libloc.c	/^char *separator="\/";$/
setCharMode	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" void setCharMode(int mode){$/
setCursor	wxTerminal.cpp	/^void wxTerminal::setCursor (int x, int y, bool fromLogo) {$/
setInfo	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^void TurtleCanvas::setInfo(int type, int val){$/
setTermInfo	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" void setTermInfo(int type, int val){$/
set_back_ground	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_back_ground(/
set_list_pen_pattern	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_list_pen_pattern(/
set_mode_flag	wxTerminal.cpp	/^void wxTerminal::set_mode_flag(int flag) {$/
set_palette	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void set_palette(int color, unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b){$/
set_pen_color	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_color(/
set_pen_height	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_height(/
set_pen_mode	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_mode(/
set_pen_patter	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void set_pen_patter(){$/
set_pen_pattern	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_pattern(/
set_pen_vis	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_vis(/
set_pen_width	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_width(/
set_pen_x	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_x(/
set_pen_y	xgraphics.h	/^#define set_pen_y(/
setarrdim	logo.h	/^#define setarrdim(/
setarrorg	logo.h	/^#define setarrorg(/
setarrptr	logo.h	/^#define setarrptr(/
setbodywords__procnode	logo.h	/^#define setbodywords__procnode(/
setcar	mem.c	/^void setcar(NODE *nd, NODE *newcar) {$/
setcdr	mem.c	/^void setcdr(NODE *nd, NODE *newcdr) {$/
setflag__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define setflag__caseobj(/
setfloat	logo.h	/^#define setfloat(/
setgeneration__tree	logo.h	/^#define setgeneration__tree(/
setint	logo.h	/^#define setint(/
setitem_helper	lists.c	/^NODE *setitem_helper(NODE *args, BOOLEAN safe) {$/
setobject	mem.c	/^void setobject(NODE *nd, NODE *newobj) {$/
setparents	logo.h	/^#define setparents(/
setparity	logo.h	/^#define setparity(/
setplist__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define setplist__caseobj(/
setplist__object	logo.h	/^#define setplist__object(/
setpos_bynumber	graphics.c	/^void setpos_bynumber(FLONUM target_x, FLONUM target_y) {$/
setpos_commonpart	graphics.c	/^void setpos_commonpart(FLONUM target_x, FLONUM target_y) {$/
setpos_helper	graphics.c	/^void setpos_helper(NODE *xnode, NODE *ynode) {$/
setprimdflt	logo.h	/^#define setprimdflt(/
setprimfun	logo.h	/^#define setprimfun(/
setprimmax	logo.h	/^#define setprimmax(/
setprimmin	logo.h	/^#define setprimmin(/
setprimpri	logo.h	/^#define setprimpri(/
setprocnode__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define setprocnode__caseobj(/
setprocnode__object	logo.h	/^#define setprocnode__object(/
setprocs	logo.h	/^#define setprocs(/
setstrhead	logo.h	/^#define setstrhead(/
setstrlen	logo.h	/^#define setstrlen(/
setstrptr	logo.h	/^#define setstrptr(/
setstrrefcnt	logo.h	/^#define setstrrefcnt(/
settree__tree	logo.h	/^#define settree__tree(/
settreepair__tree	logo.h	/^#define settreepair__tree(/
settype	logo.h	/^#define settype(/
setvalnode__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define setvalnode__caseobj(/
setvalnode__object	logo.h	/^#define setvalnode__object(/
setvars	logo.h	/^#define setvars(/
sig_arg	main.c	/^#define sig_arg /
sig_arg	math.c	/^#define sig_arg /
silent_load	files.c	/^void silent_load(NODE *arg, char *prefix) {$/
size	logo.h	/^	FIXNUM size;$/
so_arr	wxterm.c	/^char so_arr[40];$/
special_chars	logodata.c	/^char special_chars[] = " \\t\\n(?????+++~)[]-*\/=<>\\"\\\\:;|{}";$/
split_screen	xgraphics.h	/^#define split_screen /
sq	graphics.c	/^#define sq(/
stack	eval.c	/^	*stack  = NIL,  \/* register stack *\/$/
start	main.c	/^int  start (int argc,char ** argv) {$/
stop_quietly_flag	main.c	/^int stop_quietly_flag=0;$/
stop_quietly_flag	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" int stop_quietly_flag;$/
stopping_flag	eval.c	/^CTRLTYPE    stopping_flag = RUN;$/
str_refcnt	logo.h	/^    unsigned FIXNUM str_refcnt;$/
str_str	logo.h	/^    char str_str[1];	    \/* This array will be of variable length really *\/$/
string_arg	lists.c	/^NODE *string_arg(NODE *args) {$/
string_block	logo.h	/^struct string_block {$/
strncasestr	wrksp.c	/^char *strncasestr(char *big, char *little, FIXNUM len) {$/
strnode__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define strnode__caseobj(/
strnzcpy	logodata.c	/^char *strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {$/
tailcall	logo.h	/^#define tailcall /
tell_shadow	eval.c	/^void tell_shadow(NODE *arg) {$/
tempBitmap	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^wxBitmap *tempBitmap;$/
tempdir	wrksp.c	/^char *editor, *editorname, *tempdir;$/
temploc	libloc.c	/^char *temploc="\/tmp";$/
term_init	wxterm.c	/^void term_init(void) {$/
termcap_getter	wxterm.c	/^void termcap_getter(char *cap, char *buf) {$/
termcap_ptr	wxterm.c	/^char *termcap_ptr;$/
termcap_putter	wxterm.c	/^int termcap_putter(char ch) {$/
terminal	wxTerminal.cpp	/^wxTerminal *wxTerminal::terminal;$/
text__procnode	logo.h	/^#define text__procnode(/
text_screen	xgraphics.h	/^#define text_screen /
theName	logodata.c	/^NODE *theName(enum words wd) {$/
the_generation	paren.c	/^NODE *the_generation;$/
this_line	logo.h	/^#define this_line /
three_lists	wrksp.c	/^void three_lists(NODE *arg, NODE **proclst, NODE **varlst, NODE **plistlst) {$/
throw_node	error.c	/^NODE *throw_node = NIL;$/
tmp_filename	wrksp.c	/^char tmp_filename[500] = "";$/
to_helper	wrksp.c	/^NODE *to_helper(NODE *args, BOOLEAN macro_flag) {$/
to_pending	wrksp.c	/^int to_pending = 0;$/
tone	xgraphics.h	/^#define tone(/
topsizer	wxTerminal.cpp	/^wxBoxSizer *topsizer;$/
torf	math.c	/^NODE *torf(BOOLEAN tf) {$/
torf_arg	coms.c	/^int torf_arg(NODE *args) {$/
total_turtle_bottom_max	graphics.c	/^#define total_turtle_bottom_max /
towards_helper	graphics.c	/^FLONUM towards_helper(FLONUM x, FLONUM y, FLONUM from_x, FLONUM from_y) {$/
trace_level	eval.c	/^static int trace_level = 0;	\/* indentation level when tracing *\/$/
translations	init.c	/^struct wdtrans translations[NUM_WORDS];$/
tree__line	logo.h	/^#define tree__line(/
tree__tree	logo.h	/^#define tree__tree(/
tree_dk_how	paren.c	/^NODE *tree_dk_how;$/
treepair__tree	logo.h	/^#define treepair__tree(/
tty_cbreak	wxterm.c	/^struct sgttyb tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;$/
tty_cbreak	wxterm.c	/^struct termios tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;$/
tty_charmode	wxterm.c	/^int interactive, tty_charmode;$/
tty_cooked	wxterm.c	/^struct sgttyb tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;$/
tty_cooked	wxterm.c	/^struct termios tty_cooked, tty_cbreak;$/
turtleFrame	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^TurtleFrame *turtleFrame;$/
turtleGraphics	wxTerminal.cpp	/^TurtleCanvas * turtleGraphics; $/
turtleIndex	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^int turtleIndex = 0;$/
turtlePosition_x	graphics.c	/^int turtlePosition_x=0;$/
turtlePosition_x	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int turtlePosition_x;$/
turtlePosition_y	graphics.c	/^int turtlePosition_y=0;$/
turtlePosition_y	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int turtlePosition_y;$/
turtlePrintout	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^TurtleWindowPrintout *turtlePrintout;$/
turtle_bottom_max	xgraphics.h	/^#define turtle_bottom_max /
turtle_half_bottom	xgraphics.h	/^#define turtle_half_bottom /
turtle_heading	graphics.c	/^FLONUM turtle_x = 0.0, turtle_y = 0.0, turtle_heading = 0.0;$/
turtle_height	xgraphics.h	/^#define turtle_height /
turtle_left_max	xgraphics.h	/^#define turtle_left_max /
turtle_right_max	xgraphics.h	/^#define turtle_right_max /
turtle_shown	graphics.c	/^BOOLEAN turtle_shown = FALSE, user_turtle_shown = TRUE;$/
turtle_shown	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int turtle_shown;$/
turtle_side	xgraphics.h	/^#define turtle_side /
turtle_top_max	xgraphics.h	/^#define turtle_top_max /
turtle_x	graphics.c	/^FLONUM turtle_x = 0.0, turtle_y = 0.0, turtle_heading = 0.0;$/
turtle_y	graphics.c	/^FLONUM turtle_x = 0.0, turtle_y = 0.0, turtle_heading = 0.0;$/
type_help	print.c	/^void type_help(NODE *args, int sp) {$/
ufun	logo.h	/^#define ufun /
unblock_input	main.c	/^void unblock_input(void) {$/
unbury_helper	wrksp.c	/^NODE *unbury_helper(NODE *arg, int flag) {$/
uncapital	logodata.c	/^#define uncapital(/
unev	logo.h	/^#define unev /
ungetc	files.c	/^#define ungetc /
unix	logo.h	/^#define unix$/
unparsed__line	logo.h	/^#define unparsed__line(/
unparsed__runparse	logo.h	/^#define unparsed__runparse(/
unparsed__tree	logo.h	/^#define unparsed__tree(/
untreeify	paren.c	/^void untreeify(NODE *node) {$/
untreeify_body	paren.c	/^void untreeify_body(NODE *body) {$/
untreeify_line	paren.c	/^void untreeify_line(NODE *line) {$/
untreeify_proc	paren.c	/^void untreeify_proc(NODE *tproc) {$/
update_coords	print.c	/^void update_coords(char ch) {$/
upper_p	logodata.c	/^#define upper_p(/
use_reserve_tank	mem.c	/^void use_reserve_tank(void) {$/
user_repcount	logo.h	/^#define user_repcount /
user_turtle_shown	graphics.c	/^BOOLEAN turtle_shown = FALSE, user_turtle_shown = TRUE;$/
val	eval.c	/^	*val    = NIL,  \/* the value of the last expression *\/$/
val__cont	logo.h	/^#define val__cont(/
val_status	logo.h	/^#define val_status /
valid_pointer	mem.c	/^BOOLEAN valid_pointer (volatile NODE *ptr_val) {$/
valnode__caseobj	logo.h	/^#define valnode__caseobj(/
valnode__colon	logo.h	/^#define valnode__colon(/
valnode__object	logo.h	/^#define valnode__object(/
var	logo.h	/^#define var /
varTrue	logodata.c	/^int varTrue(NODE *varb) {$/
var_stack	eval.c	/^*var_stack	= NIL,	\/* the stack of variables and their bindings *\/$/
vec_arg_helper	graphics.c	/^NODE *vec_arg_helper(NODE *args, BOOLEAN floatok, BOOLEAN three) {$/
vector_arg	graphics.c	/^NODE *vector_arg(NODE *args) {$/
vis	xgraphics.h	/^  int vis;$/
vs_print	eval.c	/^void vs_print() {$/
vsp	logo.h	/^#define vsp /
wanna_x	graphics.c	/^FLONUM wanna_x = 0.0, wanna_y = 0.0;$/
wanna_y	graphics.c	/^FLONUM wanna_x = 0.0, wanna_y = 0.0;$/
wd_copy	init.c	/^#define wd_copy(/
wd_enum	logo.h	/^#define wd_enum(/
wdtrans	logo.h	/^struct wdtrans {$/
white_space	parse.c	/^#define white_space(/
windowDC	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^wxDC *windowDC = 0;$/
windowmode	logo.h	/^typedef enum {wrapmode, fencemode, windowmode} mode_type;$/
word_strnzcpy	logodata.c	/^char *word_strnzcpy(char *s1, NODE *kludge, int n) {  \/* KLUDGE! *\/$/
words	logo.h	/^enum words {$/
wrap_down	graphics.c	/^FLONUM wrap_down(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {$/
wrap_left	graphics.c	/^FLONUM wrap_left(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {$/
wrap_right	graphics.c	/^FLONUM wrap_right(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {$/
wrap_up	graphics.c	/^FLONUM wrap_up(FLONUM d, FLONUM x1, FLONUM y1, FLONUM x2, FLONUM y2) {$/
wrapmode	logo.h	/^typedef enum {wrapmode, fencemode, windowmode} mode_type;$/
write_buf	files.c	/^char *write_buf = 0;$/
writer_name	files.c	/^NODE *reader_name = NIL, *writer_name = NIL, *file_prefix = NIL;$/
writestream	parse.c	/^FILE *writestream;$/
wxClearText	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxClearText() {$/
wxDrawLine	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxDrawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int vis){$/
wxEVT_TERM_CUSTOM_COMMAND	wxTerminal.cpp	/^#define wxEVT_TERM_CUSTOM_COMMAND(/
wxEditFile	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxEditFile(char * f){$/
wxFontDialog	wxTerminal.cpp	/^    #undef wxFontDialog$/
wxFullScreen	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxFullScreen(){$/
wxGetButton	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxGetButton () {$/
wxGetClickX	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxGetClickX() {$/
wxGetClickY	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxGetClickY() {$/
wxGetInfo	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxGetInfo(int type) {$/
wxGetLastButton	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxGetLastButton () {$/
wxGetMouseX	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxGetMouseX() {$/
wxGetMouseY	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxGetMouseY() {$/
wxKeyp	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxKeyp() {$/
wxLabel	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxLabel(char * string) {$/
wxLogoExit	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxLogoExit(int code) {$/
wxLogoSleep	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxLogoSleep(unsigned int milli) {$/
wxMacGetCslsloc	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" const char* wxMacGetCslsloc(){$/
wxMacGetHelploc	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" const char* wxMacGetHelploc(){$/
wxMacGetLibloc	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" const char* wxMacGetLibloc(){$/
wxPrepare	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxPrepare(){$/
wxSetCursor	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxSetCursor(int x, int y){$/
wxSetFont	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxSetFont(char *fm, int sz) {$/
wxSetInfo	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxSetInfo(int type, int val) {$/
wxSetPenWidth	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxSetPenWidth(int width){$/
wxSplitScreen	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxSplitScreen(){$/
wxTerminal	wxTerminal.cpp	/^ wxTerminal::wxTerminal(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id,$/
wxTextScreen	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxTextScreen(){$/
wxUnget_c	wxMain.cpp	/^extern "C" int wxUnget_c(int c, FILE * f) {$/
wx_Debugging	wxMain.cpp	/^int wx_Debugging = 0;$/
wx_adjust_label_height	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wx_adjust_label_height() {$/
wx_clear	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wx_clear() {$/
wx_enable_scrolling	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" void wx_enable_scrolling() {$/
wx_fgets	wxterm.c	/^char* wx_fgets(char* s, int n, FILE* stream) {$/
wx_font_face	wxterm.c	/^char wx_font_face[300] = "Courier";   \/\/300 matches lsetfont in wxterm.c$/
wx_font_size	wxterm.c	/^int wx_font_size = 12;	$/
wx_get_label_size	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wx_get_label_size(int *w, int *h) {$/
wx_leave_mainloop	main.c	/^int wx_leave_mainloop = 0;$/
wx_leave_mainloop	wxTerminal.cpp	/^extern "C" int wx_leave_mainloop;$/
wx_refresh	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wx_refresh() {$/
wxlPrintPict	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxlPrintPict(){$/
wxlPrintPreviewPict	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxlPrintPreviewPict(){$/
wxlPrintPreviewText	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxlPrintPreviewText(){$/
wxlPrintText	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^extern "C" void wxlPrintText(){$/
x	graphics.c	/^    int x,y;$/
x_margin	print.c	/^int x_margin=0, y_margin=0;$/
x_scale	graphics.c	/^FLONUM x_scale = 1.0, y_scale = 1.0;$/
x_window	logo.h	/^#define x_window$/
xgr_pen	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^pen_info TurtleFrame::xgr_pen = p;$/
xpos	xgraphics.h	/^  int xpos;$/
y	graphics.c	/^    int x,y;$/
y_margin	print.c	/^int x_margin=0, y_margin=0;$/
y_scale	graphics.c	/^FLONUM x_scale = 1.0, y_scale = 1.0;$/
ypos	xgraphics.h	/^  int ypos;$/
zrd_print_prompt	parse.c	/^#define zrd_print_prompt /
zrd_print_prompt	parse.c	/^void zrd_print_prompt(char *str) {$/
~TurtleCanvas	wxTurtleGraphics.cpp	/^TurtleCanvas::~TurtleCanvas() {$/
~wxTerminal	wxTerminal.cpp	/^wxTerminal::~wxTerminal()$/
ucblogo-6.1/plm0000664000175000017500000021133313557147341011642 0ustar  jjcjjcUnderstanding the UCBLogo evaluator

Prerequisite: understanding the metacircular evaluator (MCE, SICP 4.1)
Corequisite: understanding the explicit control evaluator (ECE, SICP 5.4)


Contents
--------
1. Review of metacircular evaluator
    1.1 Recursive structure of the evaluator
    1.2 Tail call elimination in the MCE
2. The Explicit-Control Evaluator
    2.1 Typical C-style procedure calling convention
    2.2 Procedure calling convention in the ECE
    2.3 The evaluator uses surprisingly few registers
    2.4 The two-screenful version of the explicit control evaluator
    2.5 Implementing explicit control in C
3. Complicating Issues in UCBLogo
    3.1 Commands vs. operations
    3.2 Error messages and tail call elimination
	3.2a Tailforms
	3.2b Tailforms handled as embedded calls
	3.2c Caller-status arguments to eval-sequence and eval-dispatch
	3.2d Detecting errors before they happen
    3.3 Macros
	3.3a Why the MCE uses special forms
	3.3b Using rewriting instead of special forms
	3.3c Logo continuations
    3.4 Dynamic scope
	3.4a Reasons for lexical scope
	3.4b Reasons for dynamic scope
	3.4c Shallow binding
    3.5 Nonlocal exit
    3.6 Lack of parentheses delimiting procedure calls
	3.6a Tokenization
	3.6b Monadic and dyadic minus
	3.6c More on runparsing
	3.6d Treeification
	3.6e Procedure bodies
	3.6f Changing a procedure's arity
4. Data structures and types
    4.1 Pair-based types
    4.2 Numeric types
    4.3 String types
	4.3a Internal structure of a string
	4.3b How to create a string node
	4.3c Including punctuation characters in words
    4.4 Symbols
    4.5 Quote and colon types
    4.6 Arrays
    4.7 Primitive procedures
5. Garbage collector
    5.1 Node allocation
    5.2 The mark phase
    5.3 GCTWA
    5.4 The sweep phase
    5.5 Per-node gc data


1. Review of metacircular evaluator
-----------------------------------

1.1 Recursive structure of the evaluator

In Logo, as in Scheme, evaluating an expression involves recursively
evaluating other expressions, for two reasons:

	1.  Visible subexpressions, as in (+ (* 3 4))

	2.  Expressions in the body of a procedure invoked by this expression

#1 gives rise to the mutual recursion

	eval -> list-of-values -> eval

while #2 gives rise to

	eval -> apply -> eval-sequence -> eval

As usual with recursive problems, the resulting program is remarkably short,
but it gives rise to complicated processes.

In what follows, we mostly focus on recursive path #2.


1.2 Tail call elimination in the MCE

Since recursion is the main built-in means for expression iterations
(iterative tools such as MAP are written using recursion; for the moment we
ignore Scheme's primitive DO and Logo's primitive REPEAT), it's important that
implementations be able to evaluate tail calls without creating extra frames
for each call.  The proper handling of tail calls in the MCE depends on proper
tail calling in the underlying Scheme, and also on the fact that the
evaluation of the last expression in a sequence is done through a tail call to
EVAL:

	(define (eval-sequence exps env)	; SICP p. 367
	  (cond ((last-exp? exps) (EVAL (FIRST-EXP EXPS) ENV))
		(else (eval (first-exp exps) env)
		      (eval-sequence (rest-exps exps) env))))

To emphasize the point, the evaluator would not handle tail calls properly if
eval-sequence were written this way:

	(define (eval-sequence exps env)	; wrong!
	  (let ((result (eval (first-exp exps) env)))
	    (if (null? (rest-exps exps))
		result
		(eval-sequence (rest-exps exps) env))))

This might seem more elegant because the call to EVAL appears only once in the
definition, but that call isn't a tail call.


2. The Explicit-Control Evaluator
----------------------------------

2.1 Typical C-style procedure calling convention

In typical machine-language programming (including compiled C programs) it
is the responsibility of called procedures to allocate space and save whatever
might otherwise be clobbered by a recursive call.  So the calling sequence (in
the calling procedure) looks like

	
	

where the second line represents a single machine language instruction that
saves the return address in a register and jumps to the procedure.  The called
procedure looks like this:

	
	
	...  ...
	
	
	


2.2 Procedure calling convention in the ECE

But this won't work if we want a tail-call to avoid allocating new stack
space.  It's the caller, not the callee, who knows that this is a tail call.
Therefore the ECE makes saving the caller's job:

	
	
	
	
	
	

When the caller is making a tail call rather than an embedded call, it can
leave out the saving and restoring steps:

	
	

That last line works because the called procedure inherits its return address
from the caller.  In other words, it returns directly to the caller's caller.


2.3 The evaluator uses surprisingly few registers

	exp	  an expression to be evaluated (argument to EVAL)
	env	  the current environment (argument to EVAL and EVAL-SEQUENCE)
	val	  the value of the expression (returned from EVAL)
	continue  the current return address (set by procedure call instruction
		    in most computers, but assigned explicitly here)
	proc	  the procedure being invoked (argument to APPLY)
	argl	  the actual argument values (argument to APPLY)
	unev	  a list of expressions (argument to EVAL-SEQUENCE)

In addition, the SAVE and RESTORE operations use an implicit stack pointer
register, which is never explicitly saved or restored.


2.4 The two-screenful version of the explicit control evaluator

eval-dispatch:	[Corresponds to EVAL in MCE]
	exp is self-evaluating -> val=exp, return to caller
	exp is variable -> val=(lookup exp env), return to caller
	exp is special form -> each one is different, much like MCE
	exp is application:
		SAVE STUFF
		EXP=(CAR EXP)
		CALL EVAL-DISPATCH	;operator
		RESTORE STUFF
		proc=val
		argl='()
		unev=(cdr exp)		;actual argument expressions
		ev-appl-operand-loop:
			unev is empty -> goto apply-dispatch
			exp=(car unev)
			SAVE STUFF
			CALL EVAL-DISPATCH
			RESTORE STUFF
			argl=(cons val argl)
			unev=(cdr unev)
			goto ev-appl-operand-loop

apply-dispatch:	[Corresponds to APPLY in MCE]
	proc is primitive -> do magic, return to caller
compound-apply:
	unev=(procedure-parameters proc)
	env=(procedure-environment proc)
	env=(extend-environment unev argl env)
	unev=(procedure-body proc)
	goto ev-sequence

ev-sequence:	[Corresponds to EVAL-SEQUENCE in MCE]
	exp=(car unev)
	(cdr unev) is empty -> ev-sequence-last-exp
	SAVE STUFF
	CALL EVAL-DISPATCH
	RESTORE STUFF
	unev=(cdr unev)
	goto ev-sequence

ev-sequence-last-exp:
	GOTO EVAL-DISPATCH

The calls to EVAL-DISPATCH are capitalized in the above.  There are four of
them; the first three (operator, operand, body expression) are surrounded by
save and restore operations, but the fourth (final body expression) is just a
goto, without saving registers.  (SICP pp 556-557.)

The version above simplifies the actual ECE by leaving out an optimization in
evaluating the last actual argument expression in a procedure application.

It's important that special forms that evaluate subexpressions, such as IF,
are written to tail-call EVAL-DISPATCH for the last subexpression, so that
	(if (= 2 3) (this-isnt-evaluated) (this-is-tail-called))
works correctly.


2.5 Implementing explicit control in C

The C language provides labels and goto, but the labels are not first-class;
you can't put a label (i.e., a memory address in your code) into a register
or onto the stack.

UCBLogo gets around this restriction by using a kind of pun:  C has separate
namespaces for labels and members of enums -- the same symbol can be used for
both.  So in logo.h there is a declaration of an "enum labels" whose members
have the same names as labels in the evaluator (e.g., begin_seq).  The
newcont macro that's used in the evaluator to store a new continuation (in
the ECE sense) on the stack actually stores this enum (i.e., a small
nonnegative integer).  This stored value is translated into an actual label
at fetch_cont, which says

	switch (x) {
	    begin_seq: goto begin_seq;
	    accumulate_arg: goto accumulate_arg;
	    ...
	}

(The actual order of labels is determined in logo.h; I've tried to put the
more commonly used ones first.)


3. Complicating Issues in UCBLogo
---------------------------------

The SICP evaluators leave out one important complexity of a full Scheme
implementation (the nonlocal transfer of control allowed by CALL/CC, which is
somewhat like the issue raised in Logo by CATCH and THROW).  Also, Logo is
more complicated to interpret than Scheme, for these reasons:

	Commands vs. operations (not every procedure returns a value)

	The desire for error messages that hide tail call elimination

	Macros

	Dynamic scope

	Lack of parentheses delimiting procedure calls

These topics are discussed in the following sections.


3.1 Commands vs. operations

The UCBLogo interpreter contains an object named UNBOUND that can be used as
the return value from a Logo procedure to indicate that, above the abstraction
barrier, there is no return value.

Consider the following Logo procedure:

	to bfn :n :lst
	if :n=0 [output :lst]
	output bfn :n-1 butfirst :lst
	end

The call to BFN in the last line of the body should be a tail call.  This
means that we have to treat the word OUTPUT specially in the interpreter.  To
the user, OUTPUT is a primitive procedure that takes one input.  But we can't
evaluate the input expression and then call OUTPUT, because that would make
the call to BFN an embedded recursion.  (In other words, the call to
EVAL-DISPATCH in 2.4 above that evaluates argument expressions saves and
restores registers.)

Instead, OUTPUT must be treated internally as a special form.  When OUTPUT is
seen, even if there are more unevaluated expressions in the body, its input is
evaluated with a tail call (a goto) to EVAL-DISPATCH.

Similarly, STOP must be treated specially.  EVAL-SEQUENCE looks to see if the
expression *after* the current one is the word STOP; if so, the current
expression is tail-called.  We must catch STOP early to handle things like

	to foo
	IF condition [tail-call-this STOP]
	...more expressions...
	end

Under some circumstances the STOP is seen as the current expression, rather
than as the expression after the current one; in this case, EVAL-SEQUENCE just
returns to its caller.  This situation is exemplified by

	to foo
	IF condition [STOP]
	...more expressions...
	end

In eval.c, OUTPUT and STOP are referred to as "tailforms"; there is a
procedure is_tailform(exp) that returns nonzero (true) if the expression is an
OUTPUT or STOP expression.

Note on terminology:  In above-the-line documentation we distinguish between
*expressions*, which return values, and *instructions*, which don't.  But
internally they're all expressions.

A third tailform is .MAYBEOUTPUT; this tail-calls its input expression, like
OUTPUT; the only difference is that it's not considered an error if the input
expression returns UNBOUND instead of a value.  This brings us to the next
topic:


3.2 Error messages and tail call elimination

First of all, in order to give error messages at all, the interpreter must
maintain some extra information, mainly the names of procedures, in additional
registers.  The main ones are:

	fun		the name of the current procedure
	ufun		the name of the current user-defined procedure
	this_line	the line in ufun's body being evaluated

FUN and UFUN will be unequal if we're evaluating a call to a primitive
procedure.

Logo gives error messages if a return value is expected and not provided
(X DIDN'T OUTPUT TO Y) or vice versa (YOU DON'T SAY WHAT TO DO WITH Z).

These error messages would be straightforward were it not for tail call
elimination.  The obvious place to check is right after a call to
EVAL-DISPATCH; the caller knows whether it wants a value or not, so it
compares the value returned with UNBOUND, giving an error message when
appropriate.  The call to EVAL-DISPATCH for evaluating an argument would
require a return value other than UNBOUND, whereas the one in EVAL-SEQUENCE
for expressions other than the last would require UNBOUND.


3.2a Tailforms

One complicating factor is tailforms.  Consider this Logo program:

	to foo
	output print 3
	end

	to baz
	show foo
	end

When we call BAZ, we should get the error message

	print didn't output to output  in foo

But we don't call PRINT and then call OUTPUT; we just tail-call PRINT directly
from FOO.  So if we're not careful we'll get an incorrect message such as

	print didn't output to foo
	print didn't output to show
	foo didn't output to show

On the other hand, consider this program:

	to foo
	print 3
	end

	to baz
	show foo
	end

This time, when we call BAZ, the message should be

	foo didn't output to show  in baz

and not anything starting "print didn't output..."

To avoid these incorrect error messages, it's not enough to remember "the
current procedure".  We maintain additional information specifically for the
DIDN'T OUTPUT message:

	didnt_get_output	the context (fun, ufun, line) wanting output
	didnt_output_name 	the procedure that should be blamed if no o/p

These should be thought of as arguments to EVAL-DISPATCH.  There are three
special values of didnt_get_output:

	UNBOUND		we don't want an output
	NIL		either output or no output is okay (from .MAYBEOUTPUT)
	(NIL . NIL)	this is a macro, and must output, but not for anyone
			in particular


3.2b Tailforms handled as embedded calls

Sometimes it's not good enough to handle STOP and OUTPUT as tail calls.
Consider the Logo instruction

	repeat 5 [... if :x<0 [output 3] ...]

This is legal inside a procedure body; the OUTPUT outputs from the enclosing
user-defined procedure.  But the evaluation of the expression that is the
second input to REPEAT isn't a tail evaluation, since after it's done the
repeat count must be updated and tested.  So when :X is negative we can't just
tail-eval the 3; that would return 3 as the value of the entire repeated
expression sequence.  This OUTPUT is a nonlocal exit, comparable to a THROW.
So in this case we actually do call a primitive procedure named OUTPUT.
(Never mind for now what OUTPUT does in this case; we'll get back to nonlocal
exit later.)


3.2c Caller-status arguments to eval-sequence and eval-dispatch

To make all this work, we need an extra argument to EVAL-SEQUENCE and an
extra argument to EVAL-DISPATCH; these must be saved and restored with the
other evaluator registers.  The extra argument to EVAL-DISPATCH is
didnt_get_output, mentioned earlier.  The extra argument to EVAL-SEQUENCE is
named val_status and is an integer containing some combination of the
following flag bits:

#define VALUE_OK	 1	/* [instr instr instr exp] */
#define NO_VALUE_OK	 2	/* [instr instr instr instr] */
#define OUTPUT_OK	 4	/* [instr instr OUTPUT exp ...] */
#define STOP_OK		 8	/* [instr instr STOP ...] */
#define OUTPUT_TAIL	16	/* not [repeat n [... output ...]] */
#define STOP_TAIL	32	/* not [repeat n [... stop ...]] */

Here are all the ways in which EVAL-SEQUENCE is called, with the corresponding
values of val_status:

entry to evaluator (from Logo prompt)	NO_VALUE_OK

body of procedure when output wanted	OUTPUT_OK | OUTPUT_TAIL

body of procedure when no o/p wanted	NO_VALUE_OK | STOP_OK | STOP_TAIL

body of procedure for .MAYBEOUTPUT	NO_VALUE_OK | STOP_OK | STOP_TAIL |
					    OUTPUT_OK | OUTPUT_TAIL

RUNRESULT [sequence]			VALUE_OK | NO_VALUE_OK |
					    OUTPUT_OK[**] | STOP_OK[**]

REPEAT n [sequence]			NO_VALUE_OK | 
					    OUTPUT_OK[*] | STOP_OK[*]

APPLY [sequence] args, output wanted	VALUE_OK

APPLY [sequence] args, no o/p wanted 	NO_VALUE_OK |
					    OUTPUT_OK[*] | STOP_OK[*]

[*] means that these flags are on only if they were on for the enclosing
expression sequence.

[**] means that OUTPUT and STOP are actually not okay inside a RUNRESULT,
but the RUNRESULT handler lets STOP or OUTPUT be called and then detects
and reports the error afterwards.

You may wonder why RUNRESULT and REPEAT are special cases here, but not RUN,
IF, and IFELSE.  We'll discuss that shortly.


3.2d Detecting errors before they happen

Sometimes it's not good enough to detect an error after evaluation.
These situations are obscure.  For example:

	to blorp :x
	repeat 5 [pr :x  if :x<0 [op 3]  make "x :x-1]
	end

	? blorp 2
	2
	1
	0
	-1
	You don't say what to do with 3

The OP in BLORP would be legal if the top-level instruction had been
PRINT BLORP 2.  When we see the OP, we know that no output is wanted,
but we have to evaluate the input expression (3) anyway, just in case
it prints something or has some other side effect.  Because the OP is
nested inside a REPEAT, it turns out, we can't just let the error be
detected downstream; we have to flag the error without letting the REPEAT
handler continue.  So we non-tail-evaluate the 3, then after the evaluation
returns, we flag the error.  (Look at label op_want_stop in eval.c to see
how this works.)  This code is used for all cases of OUTPUT when STOP was
wanted, but it's only really necessary in the REPEAT case.


3.3 Macros

In the SICP evaluators, IF is a special form.  This means that the evaluation
of the consequent or alternative of an IF expression happens through a string
of tail calls within the evaluator:

	eval -> eval-if -> eval (of consequent or alternative)

Thus, if the entire IF expression is in tail position, the consequent or
alternative is also tail-evaluated.  (Of course the predicate argument to IF
can't be tail-evaluated, because the job of IF isn't finished when that
argument has been evaluated; the result must still be tested for true or
false, and either the consequent or the alternative must be evaluated.)

SICP handles COND differently; instead of directly tail-evaluating the actions
of the successful COND clause, the entire expression is rewritten as an IF
expression, which is then evaluated:

	(define (eval exp env)		; SICP page 365
	  (cond ...
		((cond? exp) (EVAL (COND->IF EXP) ENV))
		...))

COND->IF is a rewriting procedure that returns a new expression, which is used
as argument to another (tail-recursive) call to EVAL.

They could have handled IF as a sort of rewriting, also, except that the
rewriting procedure would need access to the environment:

	(define (if->exp exp env)	; compare with EVAL-IF, SICP p. 367
	  (if (true? (eval (if-predicate exp) env))
	      (if-consequent exp)
	      (if-alternative exp)))

The general name for such a rewriting procedure is a macro.


3.3a Why the MCE uses special forms

Special forms in the MCE have two purposes.  First, they delay (IF) or
prevent (QUOTE) evaluation of subexpressions; second, they have access to the
caller's environment (DEFINE, SET!).  Neither of these issues comes up in
quite the same way in a Logo interpreter.

Delayed evaluation in Logo is done by quoting (including " and [] notations);
this is why we say

	ifelse :x < 0 [print "negative] [print "positive]

with brackets around the PRINT instructions, but not around the :X < 0
expression.  [In Scheme, parentheses would be used for all three
subexpressions:

	(if (< x 0) (display 'negative) (display 'positive))

and it's the status of IF as a special form that prevents the early evaluation
of the last two subexpressions.]

Access to the caller's environment isn't a problem for Logo primitives because
of dynamic scope; the evaluator's ENV variable, which is a global variable in
the C program, contains the correct environment when any primitive is used.
So Logo's equivalent to DEFINE and SET!, namely MAKE, is an ordinary
primitive.

As a result, Logo has only two special forms: TO, because of its strange
notation, and .MAYBEOUTPUT, because its "input" expression need not return a
value.  (This is the above-the-line view.)  In principle there's nothing
special about RUN, IF, IFELSE, REPEAT, or RUNRESULT.

This simple view of the world doesn't quite hold below the line, though,
because of tail call elimination.  We want

	to foo
	if ... [output tail-call-this]
	...
	end

to be a tail call, so we can't recursively call the evaluator from inside the
IF primitive.


3.3b Using rewriting instead of special forms

Instead we make IF a macro -- that is, a rewriting procedure.  If the
condition is satisfied, it outputs its second input; if not, it outputs the
empty list.  (IFELSE outputs either its second or its third input; RUN just
outputs its input.)  The evaluator recognizes (in APPLY-DISPATCH) that a macro
is being invoked; instead of just returning what the procedure returns, it
splices the return value into the sequence of unevaluated expressions.
What "splices" means, more precisely, is

	unev=(append val unev)

[If you're reading carefully you'll notice that I'm having APPLY do something
to a sequence of expressions, whereas such a sequence exists only in
EVAL-SEQUENCE.  Actually APPLY pushes on the control stack a return address
of macro_return (so that every call to a macro is a non-tail call, by the
way); when we get there, the C instruction

	stopping_flag = MACRO_RETURN;

is executed.  Back in EVAL-SEQUENCE, this flag is noted, and that's where the
splicing is done.  A further complication is that if the macro was in fact
called from tail position, we won't return to EVAL-SEQUENCE, which tail-called
EVAL-DISPATCH, so instead macro_return has to go to begin_seq (which goes to
eval_sequence) itself.  If the macro is called when an argument was expected,
it must return exactly one expression; the MACRO_RETURN flag is caught at
accumulate_arg, and the returned expression is sent to eval_dispatch.]

Why not just treat RUN, IF, and IFELSE as special forms internally (that is,
handle them as special cases within EVAL-DISPATCH) even though we tell users
they're ordinary procedures?  Two reasons:

	1.  The UCBLogo approach allows these to be separate C procedures,
	    outside of eval.c, instead of making the core evaluator know
	    about them.

	2.  Once we have the macro capability, we can fairly easily make it
	    available to users, through the .MACRO primitive.

(Note: As of R5RS, Scheme has a standard rewriting capability available to
users, more complicated than ours, but with the same purposes.)


3.3c Logo continuations

This is the entire story for RUN, IF, and IFELSE.  As we've seen before,
REPEAT and RUNRESULT are more complicated, because they both have more work to
do after their expression-sequence arguments are evaluated.  REPEAT must count
down its repetition count and test for zero.  RUNRESULT modifies the result of
the evaluation, returning [] instead of UNBOUND and [FOO] instead of FOO.

REPEAT and RUNRESULT are still considered macros, but they don't return
rewritten expressions.  Instead they return a special internal data type,
called a "continuation."  (The name is inspired by Scheme's continuations, and
it's a reasonably appropriate name because it does embody "what to do next,"
but it's not an exact analog of Scheme continuations.)  A continuation is a
pair whose car is a (representation of a) label within the evaluator, and
whose cdr is whatever data the code at that label expects (this generally
means the inputs to the macro).  The code at macro_return recognizes that the
return value was a continuation; it sets VAL to the cdr of the continuation
and jumps to the label specified in the car.

Since most of the implementation of these Logo primitives is buried inside the
core evaluator, they are similar to the special forms of the SICP evaluator.
The difference is that they are recognized through the same table lookup used
for ordinary procedures, rather than by special tests within EVAL-DISPATCH.

GOTO and CATCH are also macros with continuations.  GOTO doesn't take an
expression sequence as an input; the sense in which it's a rewriting procedure
is that it "rewrites" its input into the expression sequence consisting of the
part of the current user procedure's body starting at the corresponding TAG
and continuing until the end.  In this case the resulting expression sequence
replaces the previous value of UNEV instead of being spliced into it.

We'll discuss CATCH shortly, under the heading of nonlocal exit, but we're not
quite ready for that.


3.4 Dynamic scope

It's rather a shame, I think, that the second edition of SICP no longer even
mentions dynamic scope, so I have to explain what it means before discussing
how it's implemented.  See also _Computer Science Logo Style_ vol 1 page 49
on dynamic scope, and CSLS vol 3 page 183 on lexical scope.

Within a procedure body, how do we handle references to variables that are not
local to that procedure itself?

In C, any variable reference within a procedure must be either to a variable
local to that procedure or to a global variable; one procedure can never refer
to another procedure's local variables.

In Scheme, one procedure can be defined inside the body of another; the inner
procedure can refer to local variables belonging to the outer one.  This is
called *lexical scope*.  [C is lexically scoped, too, but trivially so, since
there is no nesting of procedure definitions.]

In Logo, when one procedure *invokes* another, the invoked procedure can refer
to local variables belonging to the caller.  This is called *dynamic* scope.

The following would print DYNAMIC in a dynamically-scoped Scheme, but prints
LEXICAL in (the actual) lexically-scoped Scheme:

	(define (a x)
	  (define (b x) (c))
	  (define (c) x)
	  (b 'dynamic))

	(a 'lexical)

Focus on the reference to X in the body of procedure C.  Since C was invoked
by B, its *dynamic environment* is

	C -> B -> A -> global

whereas its *lexical environment* is

	C -> A -> global

because C was defined inside A, not inside B.


3.4a Reasons for lexical scope

Why does almost everyone prefer lexical scope?  (I prefer it, too, under
many circumstances, by the way.)  Three reasons:

	1.  A complier can produce faster compiled code for a lexically scoped
	    language, because the compiler knows which variable is meant by a
	    variable reference without actually running the program.  The
	    rules refer only to the physical position of the procedure's
	    definition within the program, not to who calls whom.  In a
	    dynamically scoped language, variable references can't be resolved
	    until the program is actually running; the same reference might
	    mean two different variables on two calls to the same procedure.

	2.  Lexical scope avoids "name capture" bugs, in which the programmer
	    accidentally uses the same name for two different purposes, so
	    that a procedure thinks it's getting one variable X when it really
	    ends up getting a different variable X because the name was reused
	    in a procedure that (directly or indirectly) invokes it.  This is
	    the reason most often cited.  For the most part I think people who
	    name variables X deserve what they get, but name capture does come
	    up as a problem when writing higher-order functions in Logo, if
	    the names of inputs to the higher-order function are common words
	    that might appear in a template.  See CSLS vol 2 page 204.

	3.  In Scheme, in which lexical scope is combined with first-class
	    procedures (i.e., LAMBDA), that combination allows for persistent
	    local state variables, and therefore for object-oriented
	    programming, without any OOP-specific language syntax.  See
	    SICP 3.1 and 3.2 for details.


3.4b Reasons for dynamic scope

Why, then, does Logo use dynamic scope?  Four reasons:

	1.  It allows for a simple notation for higher-order functions, using
	    first-class expressions rather than first-class procedures.  We
	    can say

		to add.suffix :suffix :words
		output map [word ? :suffix] :words
		end

	    The expression template [WORD ? :SUFFIX] is evaluated inside MAP,
	    not inside ADD.SUFFIX, and yet it has access to the latter's local
	    variable SUFFIX.  In Scheme we'd have to use LAMBDA, a more
	    intimidating notation.

	2.  Some of us think that dynamic scope is just easier for kids and/or
	    novice programmers to think about.  If a variable exists, it's
	    available for use, unless shadowed by a more recently created
	    variable of the same name.  You don't have to think about scope
	    at all, really.

	3.  Debugging support is more natural.  You can tell Logo to PAUSE
	    whenever there's an error.  You then have a Logo prompt, to which
	    you type ordinary Logo instructions, but all the relevant
	    variables are available for inspection.  This is important because
	    the actual error in your program might not be in the procedure
	    that died, but rather in the caller of the caller of the caller of
	    that procedure.  With dynamic scope, the variables of the
	    erroneous procedure are visible.  You don't have to learn special
	    debugging commands that mean "switch to a different environment."

	4.  It allows for a programming style using "semi-global" variables
	    that are local to a top-level procedure.  For example, a program
	    to draw a complicated picture might have a SIZE input, which is
	    then used by its subprocedures, sub-subprocedures, etc.


3.4c Shallow binding

There's an efficiency problem with dynamic scope and recursive procedures.
Consider the following modification of a common example:

	make "one 1

	to fact :n
	if :n = 0 [output :one]
	output :n * fact :n-1
	end

Suppose we ask for FACT 5.  This gives rise to an (embedded) recursive call
for FACT 4, which calls FACT 3, which calls FACT 2, which calls FACT 1, which
calls FACT 0, which says OUTPUT :ONE.

We have to look up the variable name ONE.

Is it local to the FACT 0 environment?  No.  So we look in the dynamically
enclosing environment, for the FACT 1 call.  Is it there?  No, so we look in
the FACT 2 environment, the FACT 3 environment, the FACT 4 environment, the
FACT 5 environment, and finally the global environment, which is where we find
it.  This is quite time-consuming, and would be even more so if we wanted the
factorial of 100.

Here's the solution.  Instead of putting new local bindings in a newly created
environment frame, and linking that to an enclosing environment, as in SICP
3.2 and 4.1.3, we instead keep the currently active bindings in a single
global table.  (Since this table is used for every variable reference, we work
hard at making it efficient, namely by using a hash table rather than the
linear lists of SICP environments.)  We still create new frames for procedure
calls, but what we put in the new frames are *saved* bindings, the ones we
replaced in the global table for our new local variables.  These frames are
used only when the called procedure returns; we restore the previous state of
the global table from the saved values.  This is called *shallow binding*.

The implication of this technique is that every variable reference, local or
global, takes constant time.  The cost is that returning from a procedure call
takes time proportional to the number of local variables in the procedure.

Since all symbols are looked up in the global symbol table, there is no ENV
register in the Logo evaluator.  Instead there are two registers pointing to
a stack of saved values.  var_stack points to the head of the stack, where
new entries are added; var points to the beginning of the current frame, so
that bindings between var and var_stack are the ones that should be restored
when an embedded call to eval_dispatch returns.


3.5 Nonlocal exit

Despite the proper handling of tail calls, a typical program still gives rise
to several nested calls to EVAL-DISPATCH.  Ordinarily these are "unwound" one
by one, as (Logo) procedures return values.  But sometimes we want to unwind
several such recursive evaluations at once.  The prototypical case is a call
to THROW that appears several recursive evaluations below the corresponding
CATCH.

Were it not for shallow binding, we could in fact leapfrog over several nested
evaluations at once, just throwing out their local information, sort of like
setjmp/longjmp in C.  But instead we must restore all of the saved variable
bindings, in the correct order, so we have to let each of the nested EVAL
calls return to its caller.

But we don't want those intermediate levels to keep computing; the whole point
of THROW is to avoid completing some partial evaluations of expression
sequences.  We need some way to tell EVAL-SEQUENCE to return right away,
without evaluating more expressions.

This is done using another evaluator register, called stopping_flag, which
should be viewed as part of the return value from EVAL.  It has the following
possible values:

	RUN		program is running
	STOP		non-tail STOP was seen
	OUTPUT		non-tail OUTPUT was seen
	THROWING	THROW was seen
	MACRO_RETURN	a macro is returning a rewritten expression (see 3.3b)

Logo.h defines shortcuts to test some of these states:

#define NOT_THROWING            (stopping_flag != THROWING)
#define RUNNING                 (stopping_flag == RUN)
#define STOPPING                (stopping_flag == STOP)

It's NOT_THROWING because that turns out to be the most commonly used test.

The very first thing EVAL-SEQUENCE does is

	if (!RUNNING) goto fetch_cont;

so that if we've seen a THROW (or a non-tail STOP or OUTPUT, as explained
in 3.2c) we just return without further evaluation of this sequence.

The continuation for CATCH calls EVAL-SEQUENCE for its second argument, then
if stopping_flag is THROWING and throw_node, a global variable, is equal to
its first argument, it sets stopping_flag back to RUN.  (THROW can take an
optional second input, which is a value for the corresponding CATCH to return.
This works by setting output_node, another global variable, to the thrown
value.  Non-tail OUTPUT also sets output_node.)

The variables throw_node and output_node don't have to be saved and restored
around embedded EVAL calls, because only one THROW or OUTPUT can be active at
a time.

If CATCH catches THROW, who catches non-tail STOP or OUTPUT?  EVAL-SEQUENCE
does, after restoring registers and before looping for the next expression.
And so does REPEAT, so that it won't try repeating its input any more.


3.6 Lack of parentheses delimiting procedure calls

The SICP evaluators see an expression sequence as a list in which each element
is one complete expression, because every non-atomic Scheme expression is
enclosed in parentheses.  So, for example, how many arguments are in this
procedure call?  One less than the number of elements in the list.  Easy.

Logo has a harder time, because expressions need not be parenthesized, and
also because of infix arithmetic notation.  The Logo evaluator sees a
procedure name, realizes that this is the beginning of a procedure call, and
must then look up the procedure in order to know how many input subexpressions
to evaluate.  Furthermore, some procedures take a variable number of inputs,
so the grouping may depend on the use of optional parentheses.

This grouping of tokens into subexpressions is slow, and it's wasteful to do
it repeatedly for expression sequences in the body of a procedure.  So UCBLogo
does it once, the first time the procedure is called, and saves the result.
In effect each Logo procedure is translated into a Scheme procedure, as if it
had been typed in with every subexpression parenthesized and no use of infix.


3.6a Tokenization

But I've skipped a step.  Even the division of the characters on a line into
tokens is problematic.  Here's the classic problem:  Should the hyphen
character automatically be a token by itself?  We'd like

	print 5-2

to work, and so we'd like the 5-2 to be understood as three tokens: 5, -, 2.
On the other hand, we'd like

	print first [555-1212 642-8311 868-9827]

to print 555-1212, not 555.

There are three ways to resolve this dilemma:

	"Old LCSI" style: the second example prints 555.  This is what Apple
	Logo, IBM Logo, and other early LCSI products do.

	"New LCSI" style: the first example gives the error

		I don't know how to 5-2

	This is what Logowriter and later LCSI products do.

	"Terrapin" style: both examples work as desired.

I apologize to non-Americans for naming these after the main USA Logo vendors,
but that's the history I know best.

UCBLogo uses Terrapin-style tokenization, which I think is clearly the best
choice.  To make it work, there are two sets of tokenization rules, which I
call PARSE and RUNPARSE.  These are in fact the names of UCBLogo primitives:

	? show parse "5-2
	[5-2]
	? show runparse "5-2
	[5 - 2]

When a line is read (from keyboard or file), it is parsed.  When and if that
is evaluated, it's runparsed -- but even then, text within square brackets is
not runparsed.  (Such text will be runparsed if it is ever used as input to
RUN and friends.)

The precise rules are given in more detail in the "Tokenization" section of
the UCBLogo User Manual.


3.6b Monadic and dyadic minus

The minus sign (-) is particularly thorny for tokenization because it has
three different meanings:

(1)  If it begins a token, and the following character is a digit, then it is
part of a negative number token.

(2)  If it follows an open parenthesis or bracket, or if it follows a space
and is not followed by a space, then it is the monadic (one-operand) negation
operator.

(3)  Otherwise, it is the dyadic subtraction operator.

The part about spaces in (2) above comes from the problem that function
argument expressions are separated by spaces, not commas as in most
programming languages.  This, along with infix arithmetic, gives rise to
an ambiguity.  Does

	foo a - b

represent a call to a one-argument function with A minus B as the argument,
or a call to a two-argument function with A as the first argument and
negative B as the second?  The UCBLogo rule is this:

	foo a-b		; dyadic subtract
	foo a - b	; dyadic subtract
	foo a -b	; monadic negate

Once runparsing is done, the spacing information is lost.  So when a monadic
negate is seen during runparsing, it is replaced by the two tokens "0" and
"--":

	? show runparse [a -b]
	[a 0 -- b]

The double minus sign is an infix operator that represents subtraction but
has the highest infix binding strength, so that

	a * 0 -- b

means a*(0-b), not (a*0)-b.  It's an undocumented feature that users can
type |--| to get this tightly-binding subtraction operator; if they type "--"
without vertical bars, they get two separate "-" tokens.


3.6c More on runparsing

Once a list has been runparsed, we don't want to have to do it again, so we
want to replace the old list value with the new one.  But we can't quite do
that, because the non-runparsed version might still be needed:

	to foo :x
	repeat 4 :x
	show :x
	end

	? foo [print 5-2]
	3
	3
	3
	3
	[print 5-2]

We wouldn't want the last line to look like

	[print 5 - 2]

but we also don't want to runparse the list four times.

The solution is somewhat of a kludge.  In UCBLogo every "pair" (as created by
CONS) actually contains three components, not two: the car, the cdr, and the
"object."  At first the list [print 5-2] looks like this:

	Type:	PAIR
	car:	print
	cdr:	[5-2]	; of course this is itself a PAIR with car 5-2
	object:	NIL

After runparsing, it looks like this:

	Type:	RUNPARSE
	car:	print
	cdr:	[5-2]
	object:	[print 5 - 2]

The car and cdr of this runparsed list (the parts seen by ordinary procedures
such as SHOW) are unchanged, but the object is another list, the runparsed
version.  If we ask to runparse this list again, the runparse() procedure will
notice that its argument is of type RUNPARSE and just return it unchanged.

A defect of this approach is that the if for some reason we want to runparse
the cdr of the list, we have to do it from scratch, but that rarely happens.

(Another defect, since all Logo nodes are the same size, is that even ordinary
pairs have to have room for an object field, even though most of these fields
are unused.  This is a big, although constant factor, waste of memory.)


3.6d Treeification

Now we're ready to return to the problem posed at the beginning of 3.6:  The
form in which we *really* want this instruction list is

	[print [- 5 2]]

That is, we want it fully parenthesized, with prefix operators.  (I'm using
the word "parenthesized" because that's traditional, but of course what we
really want has neither parentheses nor square brackets, but rather list
structure with sublists.)

Note, by the way, that the Logo instruction

	print [- 5 2]

doesn't subtract 2 from 5!  This instruction, in treeified form, looks like

	[print "[- 5 2]]

except that the quotation mark isn't really there, either; it's a node of type
QUOTED.  The important point is that unlike runparsing, treeification gives
rise to something that is *not* in Logo surface syntax, so we don't show it to
users; there is no TREEIFY primitive.

Treeification is implemented similarly to runparsing; the result is this node:

	type:	TREE
	car:	print
	cdr:	[5-2]
	object:	[print [- 5 2]]


3.6e Procedure bodies

Since a line can contain more than one instruction, and since an instruction
can be continued onto more than one line, why bother having the concept of
lines at all?  Why not, like Scheme, treat newlines the same as spaces?

That's what Microworlds does, so it's clearly possible.

The only reason to maintain the concept of lines as important is for the sake
of the user interface.  When an error occurs inside a procedure body, the
UCBLogo error message includes the line on which the error happened.  Also,
the STEP command causes a procedure to be run one line at a time.

So we might represent a procedure body as a list of lines, each of which is a
list of (treeified, eventually) expressions.  But then we couldn't use a
procedure body as argument to EVAL-SEQUENCE, which expects a list of
expressions, not a list of lists of expressions.

So a procedure body is a list of expressions, but some of the pairs making up
the spine of the list are of type LINE, namely, the first such pair of each
line of the body.  In these pairs, the object field points to the text of the
line (parsed, but not runparsed or treeified).  When EVAL-SEQUENCE notices a
LINE-type pair, it sets the evaluator register this_line to the pair's object.


3.6f Changing a procedure's arity

The *arity* of a procedure is the number of inputs it takes.  In UCBLogo, the
procedure's arity is actually three numbers: the minimum, default, and maximum
number of inputs.

In this section we focus on the default number.

Consider the following example:

	to a
	print (sentence b 1 2 3 4 5)
	end

	to b :x :y
	output :x + :y
	end

When we call A, it should print

	3 3 4 5

The first time we call A, its one body line is treeified, with this result:

	[print [sentence [b 1 2] 3 4 5]]

Now suppose we redefine B:

	to b :x :y :z
	output :x + :y
	end

We have change B's arity, and so the treeification of A is now incorrect!
It should be re-treeified to

	[print [sentence [b 1 2 3] 4 5]]

But if we check the arity of every procedure every time we call A, we've
lost the efficiency advantage we gained by treeification.

The perfect solution would be to maintain a data structure for each procedure
indicating which procedures depend on its arity.  Then, if the procedure is
redefined in a way that changes the arity, we could re-treeify exactly those
procedures that depend on it.  But this would be a lot of trouble; UCBLogo,
like several other Logo implementations, does something simpler.

The principle is that it's pretty rare to redefine a procedure in a way that
changes its arity, and so it's okay if doing that slows things down a lot.
What's important is to keep the common case -- no redefinition -- fast.

The global variable the_generation contains a pair.  Its contents are
unimportant; it's created with cons(NIL, NIL).  What's important is that it's
distinct from any other pair.  Whenever an existing procedure is redefined in 
a way that changes its arity, a new pair replaces the_generation.

Every LINE node in a procedure body contains a pointer to the pair that was in
the_generation at the time this line was treeified.  Whenever this line is
run, its generation pair is compared with the_generation.  If they're not
equal, it means that some procedure has changed arity since the line was
treeified, and so the line is re-treeified.

This means that every line of every procedure must be reparsed after an arity
change!  This produces a noticeable slowdown.  But it doesn't happen often.

(Defining a new procedure doesn't require changing the_generation, because a
procedure can't be called until all its subprocedures are defined.  Remember
that the body is treeified when the procedure is first called, not when it's
defined.  Logo won't save the treeification of a procedure if it has undefined
subprocedures.)


4. Data structures and types
----------------------------

The basic unit of storage in Logo is the node.  Every user-visible data type
(word, number, list, array) and many internal types (runparse, tree,
primitive, line, etc.) are stored in nodes.  A node contains the following
fields:

	type flags			node_type
	info for garbage collector	my_gen, gen_age, mark_gc, next,
					oldyoung_next
	other fields by type

The type field is a collection of bits, not just an enum, so that tests can
easily be made for categories.  For example, many types are special-purpose
pairs, so they all have the NT_LIST bit set.  Numbers, strings, quoted
strings, etc., all have the NT_WORD bit set.  The bit NT_AGGR stands for
"aggregate," which includes lists and arrays.  The types are defined in
logo.h.


4.1 Pair-based types

The ordinary pair is of type CONS.  The other pair types are RUN_PARSE,
TREE, LINE, and CONT (continuation), all of which were discussed in part 3.

The empty list is represented by a zero pointer, but nodetype(0) returns
the type PNIL.

The constructor for pairs is cons(x,y).  The selectors are car, cdr, caar,
cadr, cdar, and cddr.  (Combined forms more than two deep are not provided
in logo.h.)  Ordinary pairs don't use the object field; special pairs are
generally first made with cons and then mutated with setobject(pair,val).


4.2 Numeric types

Numbers are a kind of word (because you can examine their digits with FIRST
etc.), so the numeric type codes include the NT_WORD bit.

The numeric types are INT (32-bit integer) and FLOATT (sic, because FLOAT is
defined in some C header file or other; 64-bit floating point).

Someday I'll get around to bignums (arbitrary-precision integers).

The constructors are make_intnode and make_floatnode; the selectors (to get
back the underlying numeric data) are getint and getfloat.

Note that a string containing all digits counts as a number above the line!
Such strings of digits result in operations such as

	butfirst x123

There is a procedure cnv_node_to_numnode that takes a node as its argument
and, if possible, returns an equivalent INT or FLOATT node.  (The argument
may already be a numeric type, in which case it is returned unchanged.)  If
the argument can't be construed as a number, the procedure flags a BAD_DATA
error, so after calling it, you should check if (NOT_THROWING) {...} for
whatever computation uses the number.


4.3 String types

There are three string types: STRING, BACKSLASH_STRING, and VBAR_STRING.


4.3a Internal structure of a string

The string format is based on the goal of making FIRST, LAST, BUTFIRST,
and BUTLAST quick for words.  The characters themselves are not in the string
node, because nodes have a fixed size and strings can be of any length.
Instead, the characters are in a block allocated with malloc() in the
following format:

struct string_block {
    unsigned FIXNUM str_refcnt;
    char str_str[1];	    /* This array will be of variable length really */
};

The string_block needs a reference count because different word nodes may
point to substrings of it.  When a word node is garbage collected, the
reference count of its string_block is decremented; when the count reaches
zero, the block is freed.

The word node itself has three fields:

#define getstrptr(node)         ((node)->n_str)
#define getstrlen(node)         ((node)->n_len)
#define getstrhead(node)        ((node)->n_head)

(These lines are from logo.h, which has getters and setters for all the node
types.)  The strptr is a pointer to the first character of the word (not
necessarily the first character of the string_block).  The strlen is the
number of characters in the word.  The strhead is a pointer to the
string_block, as returned by malloc().

There is a single empty word node, pointed to by the variable Null_Word.
Logo takes pains not to create any other empty word nodes, so that all empty
words will be EQ? and not merely EQUAL?, to simplify comparisons.


4.3b How to create a string node

Words are usually created with

NODE *make_strnode(char *strptr, struct string_block *strhead, int len,
		   NODETYPES typ, char *(*copy_routine)())

This constructor is used in two different ways.  If you already have a
string_block containing the characters you need, and just want to select
a substring of it, you say

	make_strnode(strptr, strhead, len, STRING, )

because the last argument isn't used.  If you have the characters in a
temporary buffer and have to allocate a string_block for them, you say

	make_strnode(charptr, NULL, len, STRING, copy_routine)

The copy routine is usually strnzcpy:

char *strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n) {
    strncpy(s1, s2, n);
    s1[n] = '\0';
    return(s1);
}

This is in logodata.c, along with various special-purpose ones with names
like mend_strnzcpy that modify the copied characters in some way.  For
example, one version strips out comments and line continuation characters
because in UCBLogo you can say

	? make "foo "abc;comment
	~ def
	? print :foo
	abcdef


4.3c Including punctuation characters in words

Sometimes users want to include in a word what would ordinarily be
word-delimiting punctuation characters.  There are two ways to do this:

	abc\ def		backslash before special character
	|abc def|		string of characters in vertical bars

Unfortunately both the visible semantics and the underlying implementation
of these has changed over time, so many names of procedures are now wrong.
Originally there was only the backslash form, and it meant what vertical
bars now mean.

First, the above-the-line semantics:  Backslashed characters are treated as
non-punctuation when first seen, but if the word containing a backslashed
character is runparsed, the character has its usual special meaning.  By
contrast, characters within vertical bars are never interpreted specially,
even when runparsed.

Originally, backslashed characters were special forever, and were specially
marked to indicate this.  The UCBLogo primitive BACKSLASHEDP checks for this
special marking.  Alas, backslashed characters are no longer specially marked;
the backslash just gets them into the same word as their neighbors when the
line is first parsed.  This special marking now applies only to punctuation
characters that were entered within vertical bars, so the name should be
BARREDP or something like that.

Now, the ugly below-the-line history.  Originally, a punctuation character
that was intended to be forever special was marked by having its parity bit
set (0200, 0x80).  This works in the USA because all the ASCII characters
have codes less than 128.  Therefore, UCBLogo uses functions

	setparity(char) -> same char with parity bit on
	clearparity(char) -> same char with parity bit off
	getparity(char) -> nonzero if char has parity bit set

to manipulate these marked characters.  Then European Logo users complained
that Logo wasn't properly handling letters with accents, which, it turns out,
are represented using ASCII codes greater than 128.

The new approach uses otherwise-unused ASCII control characters, with codes
less than 32 (040, 0x20, ASCII space).  Some of the control characters are
"format effectors": tab, backspace, formfeed, newline, return.  But the others
are pretty useless, and so UCBLogo uses them to represent "backslashed"
(really vertical barred) punctuation characters.  There are only barely enough
of these unused codes for the Logo punctuation characters, though:

	space, tab, newline, ()[]+-*/=<>"\:;|{}~

(Don't be confused; tab is itself a control code, but backslashed-tab is a
different control code!)

The special node types BACKSLASH_STRING and VBAR_STRING are used if there are
special characters within the word.  In fact most of the interpreter doesn't
worry about these types; the only important use is that compare_nodes() strips
the "parity" from the characters in the strings before comparing them if
either word is of either of these types.


4.4 Symbols

Scheme distinguishes between a string (an array of characters) and a symbol
(an indivisible atom that happens to have a printable name).  Strings are for
text manipulation; symbols are to name variables and the like.

Logo, above the line, uses a single Word type that subsumes both of these
purposes.  Nevertheless, it's useful to maintain a distinction internally.
When you want to find a procedure or variable in the symbol table, you don't
want to spend time comparing strings letter by letter to find it.

The internal equivalent of a Scheme symbol is called an "object" -- an
unfortunate choice since we plan to add object-oriented programming to Logo.
But for now, let's understand that the word "object" refers to this internal
Logo data structure.

An object is a list with the following elements:

	[canonical procedure value plist flags caseobj1 caseobj2 ...]

The "canonical" element is a caseobj, which will be explained later.

The procedure, value, and plist elements are the ones named by this symbol
(the procedure FOO, the variable FOO, and the property list FOO, for example).
These elements are UNDEFINED, UNBOUND, and NIL, respectively, if the symbol
does not name a procedure, a variable, or a property list.

The flags element is an INT node containing the following flags:

#define PROC_BURIED	01
#define VAL_BURIED	02
#define PLIST_BURIED	04
#define PROC_TRACED	010
#define VAL_TRACED	020
#define PLIST_TRACED	040
#define PROC_STEPPED	0100
#define VAL_STEPPED	0200
#define PLIST_STEPPED	0400
#define PROC_MACRO	01000
#define PERMANENT	02000

The meaning of BURIED, TRACED, and STEPPED is explained in the user
documentation of the Logo primitives BURY, TRACE, and STEP.  (It is
meaningless to step a property list, but the flag exists anyway because
various primitives know that these flags come in groups of three.)
PROC_MACRO means that the symbol's procedure is a macro; PERMANENT means that
this symbol should not be deleted during garbage collection, even if it has no
procedure, variable, or property list.  (This feature is used, for example,
for the special variables that users can set to control Logo's behavior, such
as ERRACT and CASEIGNOREDP.  Pointers to these symbols are kept in global
variables so that Logo doesn't have to look them up in the symbol table each
time they're used, so it's important that the symbol not be deleted and
recreated.)

The remaining elements are nodes of type CASEOBJ, for "case object."
In Logo, names of procedures, variables, and property lists are case
insensitive, so FOO and Foo and foo all name the same procedure.  When a
program is runparsed, all the words that might name procedures, etc., are
turned from strings into symbols, so that when the program is run, the named
procedures, etc., can be found quickly, by dereferencing pointers in the
program, without string manipulation.  But we want to remember the exact
way the user typed the name, in case we print it.

This may be clearer with an example.  Consider these instructions:

	make "Foo 3
	print "Foo

In the first instruction, we really don't care that the user said Foo rather
than FOO or some other capitalization, but in the second instruction, we want
to print the word exactly as typed.  But the parser doesn't know anything
about the semantics of MAKE or PRINT, let alone some user-defined procedure
that might do both.  So we want to turn these strings into symbols, but we
also want to remember the original strings.

A case object is a pair whose car is a string and whose cdr is an object.
Given a case object, we can dereference its car to print it, or dereference
its cdr to find the procedure, variable, or property list that it names.

Each object includes all of its case objects as elements, so that when we
delete the object we can delete the CASEOBJs also.  (This is therefore a
circular structure, since the object points to the caseobj and the caseobj
points to the object.)  Each object also includes a "canonical caseobj,"
which is the one with all lower case letters; a canonical caseobj is created
for every object even if the user never types the name that way.  The
canonical caseobj is used for case-independent comparisons.

When an object is created, it is also entered into Logo's global environment,
which is a hash table.  The hash function is based on the canonical string.
This process -- creating the object, creating the caseobj as spelled by the
user, creating the canonical caseobj, and entering the object into the hash
table -- is called *interning* the symbol.  The procedure intern(word) takes a
word of any type (number, string, caseobj, etc.) and returns the caseobj with
the spelling used in the argument.  If the word has already been interned,
intern() finds the existing object in the hash table.  If not, one is created.
If the word has been interned, but not with this spelling (that is, not with
this upper-lower-case pattern), a new caseobj is created that points to the
existing object.

Note that a caseobj is a pair, but it has NT_WORD on and NT_LIST off in its
type identifier, because Logo primitives should treat it as a word, not as a
list.


4.5 Quote and colon types

When a line containing the notations "FOO or :FOO is parsed, these strings
are converted to nodes of type QUOTE and type COLON, respectively.  These
nodes are pairs in which only the car is meaningful; it points to a caseobj
of the word without the leading quote or colon.  Like the CASEOBJ type, the
QUOTE and COLON types are words above the line but pairs internally.


4.6 Arrays

Like strings, arrays are represented as nodes that point to an external block
of memory.  Here are the selectors for array nodes:

#define getarrdim(node)		((node)->n_dim)
#define getarrorg(node)		((node)->n_org)
#define getarrptr(node)		((node)->n_array)

The array dimension is the number of elements in it.  The array origin is the
index used for the first element of the array (1 by default, often 0, but can
be anything).  The array pointer points to the actual data, which is a block
of pointers to nodes.

There is no need for a reference count in array blocks, because there are no
primitives that extract a subarray; if you want one, you must allocate a new
array and copy the desired elements manually.


4.7 Primitive procedures

There are several node type codes for primitive procedures: PRIM, MACRO,
TAILFORM, and INFIX.  Macros are described in section 3.3; tailforms are in
section 3.1; the infix operators are the usual + - * / =.  All other
primitives are of type PRIM.

The fields of a primitive are

#define getprimfun(node)        ((node)->n_pfun)
#define getprimmin(node)        ((node)->n_pmin)
#define getprimmax(node)        ((node)->n_pmax)
#define getprimdflt(node)       ((node)->n_pdef)
#define getprimpri(node)        ((node)->n_ppri)

Fun is a pointer to the C procedure that implements the primitive; min is the
minimum number of inputs; max is the maximum number; dflt is the default
number; pri is the priority of this primitive, used in treeification of
expressions that involve infix operators.  Multiplication and division are
highest priority (tightest binding); then addition and subtraction; then
comparisons; and lowest of all are prefix operators.

The four numbers are stored as short (16-bit) integers, so that all five
fields fit in no more space than the three pointers of a cons node.

All primitive procedures are of C type

	NODE *foo(NODE *args)

They are given a list of actual argument values and must return a (pointer to
a) node, or UNBOUND if the Logo primitive should not return a value.


5. Garbage collector
--------------------

This section is not a primer on garbage collection.  A good general survey
on this subject is

   Paul R. Wilson. Uniprocessor garbage collection techniques. In Proc of
   International Workshop on Memory Management in the Springer-Verlag Lecture
   Notes in Computer Science series., St. Malo, France, September 1992.
   http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/oops/papers.html#gcsurvey

Even before reading Wilson, read SICP 5.3 if you're a gc novice.

UCBLogo uses a generational, mark-sweep garbage collector.  When the
interpreter needs to allocate a node, it calls newnode(), which looks for an
available node.  If no nodes are free, newnode() calls do_gc(), which disables
pause and stop interrupts and calls gc().  But the main purpose of do_gc is
that it allocates a lot of local variables, so that any register variables in
its caller will be forced onto the C stack.

Do_gc() and gc() take a Boolean argument, which is FALSE for a generational
garbage collection and TRUE for a full garbage collection.  Automatically
triggered gc is generational; a full GC can be requested by the user (see the
user documentation of the Logo GC command) and is implied by the use of the
NODES operation, so that the in-use count shown to the user will be correct.


5.1 Node allocation

All Logo data types are stored in fixed-size blocks of type (struct node),
which is given the typedef name NODE.  Logo allocates many of these nodes at a
time; the number allocated at once can be set by the user (with the
.SETSEGSIZE command), but is initially 2000 for DOS, 4000 for 68000 Mac,
and 16,000 for other platforms.  The global variable segment_list points to a
linked list of segments; a "segment" is a contiguous block of nodes.  The
global variable free_list points to a linked list of unused nodes.  There is
only one free list, not one per segment.

Segments are never deallocated, even if every node in the segment is free.
A new segment is allocated only if a gc fails to free up enough nodes, so that
Logo's total memory use doesn't grow unnecessarily.


5.2 The mark phase

Marking a node can lead to several other nodes that should be marked.  To keep
track of these pending tasks, Logo uses a fixed-size stack, of size 4000 for
DOS, 8000 for 68000 Mac, or 16,000 for other platforms.  Long lists should not
cause overruns of this stack; it's the depth of lists that matters.  If the
stack overflows, garbage collection stops, and the user is advised to save
data and quit.  (Logo maintains a small "reserve tank" of nodes so that this
saving will be possible.)

All node-valued global variables in the interpreter are marked first.  This
includes evaluator registers, some of which are not in individual C variables
but in a (struct registers) block.  The global variable Regs_Node is a node
that points to this register block; the node itself is unused except by the
garbage collector.

Among the C globals are stack, which is the evaluator's data stack (a list of
nodes, not a contiguous block), and var_stack, which is the stack of local
procedure-call frames (containing shadowed bindings as explained in 3.4c
above).

Then the entries in Logo's global symbol table (the hash table) are marked.

Finally, the C stack is examined.  Since we don't know which entries in the
stack are pointers to nodes, every value on the stack is examined to see if it
could possibly be a pointer to a node.  This is done by procedure
valid_pointer(), which first compares the address with the position and size
of each segment.  If the value is within a segment, the procedure then sees
whether it would address the beginning of a node within that segment.  If so,
the garbage collector assumes that the value is indeed a node pointer, and
marks the node.  This procedure is one of the places where optimizing C
compilers tend to produce code that doesn't work.

Some machines (DOS and 68000 Mac) have 32-bit addresses but require only
16-bit alignment.  The garbage collector therefore, on those platforms, looks
at overlapping 32-bit values.  Also, stacks grow upward in some systems and
downward in others; Logo tries to figure this out.  (Almost the first thing
main() does is to set the global variable bottom_stack to the address of its
local variable exec_list; gc() compares this with the address of its own stack
frame to determine the direction of growth.)  This is a good place to look for
problems when porting Berkeley Logo to a new processor or operating system.

All of the above categories of marking are done only for nodes in the current
generation.  The garbage collector then looks for nodes in older generations
that have been modified to point to newer nodes.  To make this check possible,
the list mutators (the C procedures setcar, setcdr, and setobject) check for
old-to-young pointing as they do the mutation, and keep lists of these
old-to-young-pointing nodes.


5.3 GCTWA

If a single-generation gc doesn't yield enough free space, older generations
are examined.  When a full gc is required, Logo also performs a GCTWA (Garbage
Collect Truly Worthless Atoms).  Here's what that means:

Ordinarily, every word read in a Logo instruction is entered into the symbol
table, just in case it will become the name of a procedure, variable, or
property list.  Since the symbol table itself is marked, and since the symbol
table points to all these symbols, the symbols are never found to be free in
the mark phase.  A GCTWA goes through the symbol table looking for entries
that are not, in fact, the names of a procedure, variable, or property list.
(A subtlety is that a symbol's value might be UNBOUND even though it is in
fact a global variable, because the global binding might have been shadowed by
a LOCAL command, creating a local variable that doesn't yet have a value.  But
this isn't a problem because in that case var_stack points to the symbol table
entry, so it will be marked.)  Some symbols have a PERMANENT flag associated
with them, so that the entries won't be removed in GCTWA even if the names are
unused; these are mainly for Logo special variables such as CaseIgnoredP.

The first step in a gctwa is that all caseobj nodes are flagged; in the mark
phase, mark() will not actually mark a flagged caseobj until it is called
twice for the same caseobj.  (The first call to mark() for a flagged caseobj
just clears the flag; the second call does the normal mark operation.)  This
is because every caseobj is pointed to (directly or indirectly) by the hash
table, and we want to know whether this caseobj is pointed to by something
else, usually by appearing in the body of a procedure.

After this special mark phase, the symbol table is examined for unused
symbols.  A symbol is used if it names a variable, procedure, or property
list, or if one of its caseobj nodes has been marked.  Unused symbols are
removed from the symbol table.  Finally, the mark phase is repeated so that
non-caseobj nodes that are part of stale symbols won't be marked.


5.4 The sweep phase

In addition to finding and freeing unused nodes, the sweep phase also promotes
nodes that have survived a certain number of garbage collections to the next
older generation.  This promotion requires checking whether the node points to
other nodes that are now younger than it is.

If the sweep phase doesn't free enough nodes, it tries another generation.
When all generations have been collected, if there still are not enough free
nodes, Logo asks the operating system for another segment.  If that fails, the
user is notified.

"Enough" is one of several tuning values defined in mem.c.  Besides the size
of a segment, there are three more:

/* Number of times to collect at the current GC state before going to
   the next state. Basically the number of times a given generation is
   collected before its members are moved to an older generation */
#define gc_age_threshold 4

/* A new segment of nodes is added if fewer than freed_threshold nodes are
   freed in one GC run */
#define freed_threshold ((long int)(seg_size * 0.4))

/* The number of generations */
#define NUM_GENS 4


5.5 Per-node gc data

Each node contains five words of information to support gc:

    int my_gen; /* Nodes's Generation */ /*GC*/
    int gen_age; /* How many times to GC at this generation */
    long int mark_gc;	/* when marked */
    struct logo_node *next; /* Link together nodes of the same age */ /*GC*/
    struct logo_node *oldyoung_next;

my_gen is a number in the range [0, NUM_GENS-1].  It is zero for newly
allocated nodes, and increases as the node survives multiple GCs.

gen_age is in the range [1, gc_age_threshold].  It is initially
gc_age_threshold, and is decreased by 1 at each gc.  When it hits zero, the
node is promoted to a higher (older) generation, and gen_age is reset to
gc_age_threshold.

mark_gc is initially zero.  To mark a node, it is set equal to current_gc, a
counter that's incremented at each garbage collection.  (If Logo runs long
enough for four billion garbage collections, this won't work.  :-)

next is a pointer to another node in the same generation as this node; the
generations are maintained as linked lists.

oldyoung_next is NIL except for old nodes that point to younger nodes.  Such
nodes are linked together using this field.

That's five words of gc information in a node that has four words of non-gc
information!  There has to be a better way, a project for the list of undone
projects.
ucblogo-6.1/pbdevelopment.plist0000664000175000017500000000043113557147341015043 0ustar  jjcjjc



	PBXProjectSourcePath
	/Users/joe/UCBLogo/UCBLogo.xcode


ucblogo-6.1/nographics.h0000664000175000017500000000472213557147341013437 0ustar  jjcjjc
/* A dummy graphics header file for computers without graphics */

#define GR_SIZE 1

#define prepare_to_draw nop()
#define done_drawing nop()

#define prepare_to_draw_turtle nop()
#define done_drawing_turtle nop()

#define screen_left 1
#define screen_right 100
#define screen_top 1
#define screen_bottom 100

#define screen_height (1 + screen_bottom - screen_top)
#define screen_width (1 + screen_right - screen_left)

#define screen_x_center (screen_left + (screen_width)/2)
#define screen_y_center (screen_top + (screen_height)/2)

#define turtle_left_max ((screen_left) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_right_max ((screen_right) - (screen_x_center))
#define turtle_top_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_top))
#define turtle_bottom_max ((screen_y_center) - (screen_bottom))

#define screen_x_coord ((screen_x_center) + turtle_x)
#define screen_y_coord ((screen_y_center) - turtle_y)

#define turtle_height 18
#define turtle_half_bottom 6.0
#define turtle_side 19.0

#define clear_screen nop()

#define line_to(x,y) nop()
#define move_to(x,y) nop()
#define draw_string(s) nop()
#define set_pen_vis(v) nop()
#define set_pen_mode(m) nop()
#define set_pen_color(c) nop()
#define set_pen_width(w) nop()
#define set_pen_height(h) nop()
#define set_pen_x(x) nop()
#define set_pen_y(y) nop()
#define set_back_ground(c) nop()

/* pen_info is a stucture type with fields for the various
   pen characteristics including the location, size, color,
   mode (e.g. XOR or COPY), pattern, visibility (0 = visible) */

typedef struct { int dummy; } pen_info;

#define p_info_x(p) p.dummy
#define p_info_y(p) p.dummy

#define pen_width pw
#define pen_height ph
#define pen_color pc
#define pen_mode pm
#define pen_vis pv
#define pen_x px
#define pen_y py
#define get_node_pen_pattern make_intnode(0)
#define back_ground bg

#define pen_reverse nop()
#define pen_erase nop()
#define pen_down nop()

#define button FALSE
#define mouse_x 0
#define mouse_y 0

#define full_screen nop()
#define split_screen nop()
#define text_screen nop()

#define save_pen(p) nop()
#define restore_pen(p) nop()
#define plain_xor_pen() nop()
#define label(s) nop()
#define tone(p,d) nop()
#define get_pen_pattern(p) nop()
#define set_pen_pattern(p) nop()
#define fmod(x,y) x
#define set_list_pen_pattern(p) nop()

#define prepare_to_draw_turtle nop();
#define done_drawing_turtle nop();

extern int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;
extern void nop();

#define logofill nop
#define set_palette nop
#define get_palette nop
#define erase_screen nop
ucblogo-6.1/nographics.c0000664000175000017500000000031013557147341013417 0ustar  jjcjjc
/* A dummy graphics implementation for Unix */

#ifdef X_DISPLAY_MISSING

int pw, ph, pc, pm, pv, px, py, bg;

#ifndef HAVE_WX
char *LogoPlatformName="Unix-Nographics";

void nop()
{
}
#endif
#endif
ucblogo-6.1/newtermnotes0000664000175000017500000001007413557147341013603 0ustar  jjcjjc
How the GUI communicates with Logo in wxWidgets:


Everything is done with a single thread. We have overriden the 
main event loop from wxWidgets (via LogoApplication::OnRun()),
and events are handled periodically through calls to 
check_wx_stop(), which calls LogoEventManager::ProcessEvents().
To prevent yielding too much time for event checking, we have a
"fudge factor" that delays how often we yield to the wxWidgets
GUI event checking code, and a parameter that let's us force
yielding if we are say polling for user input. All events (key
press events, window resize, etc) are handled during the yield.
There is a trade-off between responsiveness in the UI (how fast 
the GUI recognizes that a key has been pressed) and overall speed 
of the program (when crunching numbers or painting) when adjusting
the fudge factor.


Character buffers

in wxTerminal:  
 char input_buffer[MAXINBUFF];   //stores typed input (before send to logo)

in wxMain:
 char output_buffer[MAXOUTBUFF]; //stores output to send to terminal (from logo)
 char buff[BUFF_LEN];            //stores input to send to logo (from input_buffer)

When polling for input, any typed characters are stored in input_buffer, which
keeps track of total characters and where the cursor position is (because you can
use the left and right arrow keys to go back). 
When the enter key is pressed, one line is put into the logo buffer (buff) and
will be read from logo.
Whenever logo needs to print characters to screen, the characters are put in 
output_buffer and will be displayed by the GUI.


Terminal Display Character Storage

The contents of the terminal are stored in a linked list of character arrays.
There are two structures, one that stores the actual characters and mode flags
(bold, standout mode, etc), and one that stores line information (where each
line starts). Both are linked lists of blocks. 

struct wxterm_char_buffer {
  unsigned char cbuf[WXTERM_CB_SIZE];       //characters
  unsigned char mbuf[WXTERM_CB_SIZE];       //mode flags
  wxterm_char_buffer *next; //next part of buffer
} ;

struct wxterm_charpos {
  wxterm_char_buffer *buf;   //which char buffer
  int offset;                //offset into buffer
  int line_length;           //length of line
} ;

A charpos points to some character in the character buffer. There are macros
to help navigate. (line_length may or may not be used, depending on the situation).


char_of(charpos)        retrieves the character referenced by charpos
mode_of(charpos)        retrieves the mode of the character referenced by charpos
inc_charpos(charpos)    puts charpos to next character 
		        (goes to next block if necessary)
adjust_charpos(charpos) if offset too large, adjusts charpos so that it points to 
                    	the right block (commonly used to jump many characters 
    			forward)



struct wxterm_line_buffer {
  wxterm_charpos lbuf[WXTERM_LB_SIZE];  //lines
  wxterm_line_buffer *next;          //next part of buffer
};

struct wxterm_linepos {
  wxterm_line_buffer *buf;  //which line buffer
  int offset;               //offset into line buffer
};



A linepos references a particular line. A line is just a charpos, keeping track of
where the start of the line is, and how long the line is. There are macros to help
navigate this structure as well:

line_of(linepos)        gets line referenced by linepos.
inc_linepos(linepos)    puts linepos to next line
adjust_linepos(linepos) if offset is too large, adjusts linepos so it points to the
			right block.

So, our terminal references the start of the character buffer / line buffer with

  wxterm_char_buffer *term_chars;
  wxterm_line_buffer *term_lines;

and references the current position (where the cursor is) with 

  wxterm_charpos curr_char_pos;
  wxterm_linepos curr_line_pos;

With this, it's easy to retrieve a particular line:

wxterm_linepos wxTerminal::GetLinePosition(int y) 
{
  wxterm_linepos lpos;
  lpos.buf = term_lines;
  lpos.offset = y;
  adjust_linepos(lpos);
  return lpos;
}

Set the offset and adjust the position!


DebugOutputBuffer() can be called to print out the contents 
and properties of the terminal.

ucblogo-6.1/makelib0000775000175000017500000005127513557147341012470 0ustar  jjcjjcmkdir -p logolib
cp Messages* logolib
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/#
;;; -*- logo -*-

to #
if not namep "template.number [op repcount]
op :template.number
end

bury "#
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/\`
;;; -*- logo -*-

to ` :backq.list [:backq.depth 0]
if emptyp :backq.list [op []]
if equalp first :backq.list "` ~
   [op fput "`
            fput  (` first bf :backq.list :backq.depth+1)
                  (` bf bf :backq.list :backq.depth)]
if and wordp first :backq.list equalp first first :backq.list ", ~
   [op backq.unquote (bf first :backq.list) (bf :backq.list) :backq.depth]
if and wordp first :backq.list memberp first first :backq.list [" :] ~
   [op backq.word (first first :backq.list) (bf first :backq.list)
                  (bf :backq.list) :backq.depth]
if wordp first :backq.list ~
   [op fput first :backq.list (` bf :backq.list :backq.depth)]
op fput (` first :backq.list :backq.depth) (` bf :backq.list :backq.depth)
end

to backq.word :backq.symbol :backq.word :backq.rest :backq.depth
if emptyp :backq.word ~
   [output fput :backq.symbol (` :backq.rest :backq.depth)]
if not equalp first :backq.word ", ~
   [output fput (word :backq.symbol :backq.word)
                (` :backq.rest :backq.depth)]
localmake "result backq.unquote (bf :backq.word) :backq.rest :backq.depth
if wordp :result [output word :backq.symbol :result]
output fput (word :backq.symbol first :result) bf :result
end

to backq.unquote :unquote.symbol :unquote.rest :unquote.depth
localmake "unquote.splicing "false
if not emptyp :unquote.symbol [
   if equalp first :unquote.symbol "@ [
      make "unquote.splicing "true
      make "unquote.symbol butfirst :unquote.symbol
]]
if :unquote.depth=0 [
  if emptyp :unquote.symbol
     [output backq.combine run first :unquote.rest
                           (` bf :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)]
  output backq.combine run :unquote.symbol (` :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)
]
if emptyp :unquote.symbol ~
   [output fput (ifelse :unquote.splicing [",@] [",])
                fput (` first :unquote.rest :unquote.depth-1)
                     (` bf :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)]
if backq.all.commas :unquote.symbol ~
   [output fput (ifelse :unquote.splicing [",@] [",])
                fput (` (list :unquote.symbol first :unquote.rest)
                        :unquote.depth-1)
                     (` bf :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)]
output fput (ifelse :unquote.splicing [",@] [",]) ~
            fput (` (list :unquote.symbol) :unquote.depth-1) ~
                 (` :unquote.rest :unquote.depth)
end

to backq.combine :this :those
output ifelse :unquote.splicing [se :this :those] [fput :this :those]
end

to backq.all.commas :word
if emptyp :word [output "true]
if equalp first :word ", ~
   [if emptyp butfirst :word [output "true]
    if equalp first butfirst :word "@ [output backq.all.commas bf bf :word]
    output backq.all.commas butfirst :word]
output "false
end

bury [` backq.word backq.unquote backq.combine backq.all.commas]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/\?rest
;;; -*- logo -*-

to ?rest [:which 1]
output bf item :which :template.lists
end

bury "?rest
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/backslashedp
;;; -*- logo -*-

to backslashedp :char
op vbarredp :char
end

bury "backslashedp
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/backslashed\?
;;; -*- logo -*-

to backslashed? :char
op vbarredp :char
end

bury "backslashed?
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/buryall
;;; -*- logo -*-

to buryall
bury contents
end

bury "buryall
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/buryname
;;; -*- logo -*-

to buryname :names
bury namelist :names
end

bury "buryname
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/cascade
;;; -*- logo -*-

to cascade :cascade.limit [:cascade.inputs] 3
if numberp :cascade.limit ~
   [if lessp :cascade.limit 0 ~
       [(throw "error (se [cascade doesn't like] :cascade.limit [as input]))] ~
    make "cascade.limit `[greaterp :template.number ,[int :cascade.limit]]]
local [cascade.templates template.vars cascade.final]
make "cascade.templates []
make "template.vars []
make "cascade.final [?1]
cascade.setup :cascade.inputs
op cascade1 1 :template.vars
end

to cascade.setup :inputs
if emptyp :inputs [stop]
if emptyp bf :inputs [make "cascade.final first :inputs stop]
make "cascade.templates lput first :inputs :cascade.templates
make "template.vars lput first bf :inputs :template.vars
cascade.setup bf bf :inputs
end

to cascade1 :template.number :template.vars
if apply :cascade.limit :template.vars [op apply :cascade.final :template.vars]
op cascade1 (:template.number+1) (cascade.eval :cascade.templates)
end

to cascade.eval :cascade.templates
if emptyp :cascade.templates [op []]
op fput (apply first :cascade.templates :template.vars) ~
        (cascade.eval bf :cascade.templates)
end

bury [cascade cascade.setup cascade1 cascade.eval]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/cascade.2
;;; -*- logo -*-

to cascade.2 [:cascade2.inputs] 5
op apply "cascade :cascade2.inputs
end

bury "cascade.2
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/case
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro case :case.value :case.clauses [:caseignoredp "true]
catch "case.error [output case.helper :case.value :case.clauses]
(throw "error [Empty CASE clause])
end

to case.helper :case.value :case.clauses
if emptyp :case.clauses [output []]
if emptyp first :case.clauses [throw "case.error]
if or equalp first first :case.clauses "else ~
      memberp :case.value first first :case.clauses ~
   [output butfirst first :case.clauses]
output case.helper :case.value butfirst :case.clauses
end

bury [case case.helper]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/closeall
;;; -*- logo -*-

to closeall
foreach allopen [close ?]
end

bury "closeall
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/combine
;;; -*- logo -*-

to combine :this :those
if wordp :those [output word :this :those]
output fput :this :those
end

bury "combine
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/cond
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro cond :cond.clauses
localmake "cond.result cond.helper :cond.clauses
if equalp first :cond.result "error [(throw "error last :cond.result)]
output last :cond.result
end

to cond.helper :cond.clauses
if emptyp :cond.clauses [output [[] []]]
if emptyp first :cond.clauses [output [error [Empty COND clause]]]
if equalp first first :cond.clauses "else ~
   [output list [] butfirst first :cond.clauses]
ignore error
catch "error [localmake "cond.result run first first :cond.clauses]
localmake "cond.error error
if not emptyp :cond.error [output list "error item 2 :cond.error]
if not memberp :cond.result [true false] ~
   [output list "error fput :cond.result [not TRUE or FALSE]]
if :cond.result [output list [] butfirst first :cond.clauses]
output cond.helper butfirst :cond.clauses
end

bury [cond cond.helper]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/crossmap
;;; -*- logo -*-

to crossmap :cm.template [:cm.lists] 2
if emptyp bf :cm.lists [op cm1 first :cm.lists 1 []]
op cm1 :cm.lists 1 []
end

to cm1 :cm.lists :cm.level :template.vars
if emptyp :cm.lists [op (list apply :cm.template :template.vars)]
op cm2 first :cm.lists
end

to cm2 :cm.thislist
if emptyp :cm.thislist [op []]
local :cm.level
make :cm.level first :cm.thislist
op se (cm1 bf :cm.lists :cm.level+1 lput first :cm.thislist :template.vars) ~
      (cm2 bf :cm.thislist)
end

bury [crossmap cm1 cm2]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/dequeue
;;; -*- logo -*-

to dequeue :the.queue.name
local "result
make "result first thing :the.queue.name
make :the.queue.name butfirst thing :the.queue.name
output :result
end

bury "dequeue
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/do.until
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro do.until :until.instr :until.cond
op se :until.instr (list "until :until.cond :until.instr)
end

bury "do.until
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/do.while
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro do.while :while.instr :while.cond
op se :while.instr (list "while :while.cond :while.instr)
end

bury "do.while
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/edall
;;; -*- logo -*-

to edall
edit contents
end

bury "edall
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/edn
;;; -*- logo -*-

to edn :names
edit namelist :names
end

bury "edn
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/edns
;;; -*- logo -*-

to edns
edit names
end

bury "edns
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/edpl
;;; -*- logo -*-

to edpl :names
edit pllist :names
end

bury "edpl
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/edpls
;;; -*- logo -*-

to edpls
edit plists
end

bury "edpls
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/edps
;;; -*- logo -*-

to edps
edit procedures
end

bury "edps
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/emacs.debug
;;;  -*- logo -*-

to emacs.debug :file_elisp_code :trace_or_step
localmake "wr_elisp_code writer
if namep "printwidthlimit [
   localmake "pw_elisp_code :printwidthlimit
   ern "printwidthlimit]
openwrite :file_elisp_code
setwrite :file_elisp_code
bury [[] [wr_elisp_code pw_elisp_code file_elisp_code trace_or_step] []]
(foreach contents run (list :trace_or_step)
                      [PROCEDURES: VARIABLES: PROPERTIES:]
                      [[names debugged title]
                       [pr :title pr []
                           pr map [[name]
                                   [op ifelse memberp :name :debugged
                                           [(word "\( :name "\))]
                                           [:name]]] :names
                           pr []]])
close :file_elisp_code
setwrite :wr_elisp_code
if namep "pw_elisp_code [make "printwidthlimit :pw_elisp_code]
end

bury "emacs.debug
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/ern
;;; -*- logo -*-

to ern :names
erase namelist :names
end

bury "ern
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/erpl
;;; -*- logo -*-

to erpl :names
erase pllist :names
end

bury "erpl
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/filep
;;; -*- logo -*-

to filep :filename
ignore error
catch "error [openread :filename close :filename]
output emptyp error
end

bury "filep
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/file\?
;;; -*- logo -*-

to file? :filename
ignore error
catch "error [openread :filename close :filename]
output emptyp error
end

bury "file?
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/filter
;;; -*- logo -*-

to filter :filter.template :template.list [:template.number 1] ~
          [:template.lists (list :template.list)]
if emptyp :template.list [op :template.list]
if apply :filter.template (list first :template.list) ~
   [op combine (first :template.list) ~
               (filter :filter.template bf :template.list :template.number+1)]
op (filter :filter.template bf :template.list :template.number+1)
end

to ?rest [:which 1]
output bf item :which :template.lists
end

bury [filter ?rest]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/find
;;; -*- logo -*-

to find :find.template :template.list [:template.number 1] ~
        [:template.lists (list :template.list)]
if emptyp :template.list [op []]
if apply :find.template (list first :template.list) [op first :template.list]
op (find :find.template bf :template.list :template.number+1)
end

to ?rest [:which 1]
output bf item :which :template.lists
end

bury [find ?rest]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/for
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro for :for.values :for.instr ~
   [:for.var first :for.values] ~
   [:for.initial run first bf :for.values] ~
   [:for.final run first bf bf :for.values] ~
   [:for.step forstep] ~
   [:for.tester (ifelse :for.step < 0 ~
                        [[:for.initial < :for.final]] ~
                        [[:for.initial > :for.final]])]
local :for.var
catch "for.catchtag [op for.done runresult [forloop :for.initial]]
op []
end

to forloop :for.initial
make :for.var :for.initial
if run :for.tester [throw "for.catchtag]
run :for.instr
.maybeoutput forloop (:for.initial + :for.step)
end

to for.done :for.result
if emptyp :for.result [op [stop]]
op (list "output "first (list first :for.result))
end

to forstep
if equalp count :for.values 4 [op run last :for.values]
op ifelse :for.initial > :for.final [-1] [1]
end

bury [for forstep forloop for.done]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/foreach
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro foreach [:foreach.inputs] 2
catch "foreach.catchtag ~
      [op foreach.done runresult ~
	    [foreach1 bl :foreach.inputs last :foreach.inputs 1]]
op []
end

to foreach1 :template.lists :foreach.template :template.number
if emptyp first :template.lists [throw "foreach.catchtag]
apply :foreach.template firsts :template.lists
.maybeoutput foreach1 bfs :template.lists :foreach.template :template.number+1
end

to foreach.done :foreach.result
if emptyp :foreach.result [op [stop]]
op (list "output "first (list first :foreach.result))
end

to ?rest [:which 1]
output bf item :which :template.lists
end

bury [foreach foreach1 foreach.done ?rest]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/gensym
;;; -*- logo -*-

to gensym
if not namep "gensym.number [make "gensym.number 0]
make "gensym.number :gensym.number + 1
output word "g :gensym.number
end

bury [[gensym] [gensym.number]]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/ignore
;;; -*- logo -*-

to ignore :stuff
end

bury "ignore
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/invoke
;;; -*- logo -*-

to invoke :invoked.function [:invoke.inputs] 2
.maybeoutput apply :invoked.function :invoke.inputs
end

bury "invoke
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/iseq
;;; -*- logo -*-

to iseq :a :b
if not (:a > :b) [output iseq1 :a :b]
output map [[x] -1 * :x] iseq1 (-1 * :a) (-1 * :b)
end

to iseq1 :a :b
if :a > :b [output []]
output fput :a iseq1 :a + 1 :b
end

bury [iseq iseq1]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/localmake
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro localmake :name :value
output (list "local (word "" :name) "apply ""make (list :name :value))
end

bury "localmake
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/macroexpand
;;; -*- logo -*-

to macroexpand :expr
local [name inputlist macro.result]
make "name first :expr
make "inputlist bf :expr
if not macrop :name [(throw "error (se :name [is not a macro.]))]
define "%%%$%macro.procedure text :name
make "macro.result run fput "%%%$%macro.procedure :inputlist
erase "%%%$%macro.procedure
op :macro.result
end

bury "macroexpand
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/map
;;; -*- logo -*-

to map :map.template [:template.lists] 2
op map1 :template.lists 1
end

to map1 :template.lists :template.number
if emptyp first :template.lists [output first :template.lists]
output combine (apply :map.template firsts :template.lists) ~
               (map1 bfs :template.lists :template.number+1)
end

to ?rest [:which 1]
output bf item :which :template.lists
end

bury [map map1 ?rest]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/map.se
;;; -*- logo -*-

to map.se :map.se.template [:template.lists] 2
op map.se1 :template.lists 1
end

to map.se1 :template.lists :template.number
if emptyp first :template.lists [output []]
output sentence (apply :map.se.template firsts :template.lists) ~
                (map.se1 bfs :template.lists :template.number+1)
end

to ?rest [:which 1]
output bf item :which :template.lists
end

bury [map.se map.se1 ?rest]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/mdarray
;;; -*- logo -*-

to mdarray :sizes [:origin 1]
local "array
make "array (array first :sizes :origin)
if not emptyp bf :sizes ~
   [for [i :origin [:origin + (first :sizes) - 1]] ~
        [setitem :i :array (mdarray bf :sizes :origin)]]
output :array
end

bury "mdarray
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/mditem
;;; -*- logo -*-

to mditem :index :array
if emptyp :index [op :array]
op mditem bf :index item first :index :array
end

bury "mditem
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/mdsetitem
;;; -*- logo -*-

to mdsetitem :index :array :val
setitem last :index (mditem bl :index :array) :val
end

bury "mdsetitem
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/name
;;; -*- logo -*-

to name :name.value.input :name.variable.input
make :name.variable.input :name.value.input
end

bury "name
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/namelist
;;; -*- logo -*-

to namelist :names
if wordp :names [output list [] (list :names)]
output list [] :names
end

bury "namelist
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pen
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pen
op (list (ifelse pendownp ["pendown] ["penup]) ~
         penmode pensize pencolor penpattern)
end

bury [pen]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pick
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pick :list
output item (1+random count :list) :list
end

bury "pick
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pllist
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pllist :names
if wordp :names [output (list [] [] (list :names))]
output (list [] [] :names)
end

bury "pllist
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/poall
;;; -*- logo -*-

to poall
po contents
end

bury "poall
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pon
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pon :names
ignore error
catch "error [po namelist :names]
local "err
make "err error
if not emptyp :err [(throw "error first bf :err)]
end

bury "pon
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pons
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pons
po names
end

bury "pons
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pop
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pop :the.stack.name
local "result
make "result first thing :the.stack.name
make :the.stack.name butfirst thing :the.stack.name
output :result
end

bury "pop
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/popl
;;; -*- logo -*-

to popl :names
ignore error
catch "error [po pllist :names]
local "err
make "err error
if not emptyp :err [(throw "error first bf :err)]
end

bury "popl
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/popls
;;; -*- logo -*-

to popls
po plists
end

bury "popls
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pops
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pops
po procedures
end

bury "pops
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/pots
;;; -*- logo -*-

to pots
pot procedures
end

bury "pots
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/push
;;; -*- logo -*-

to push :the.stack.name :the.item.value
make :the.stack.name fput :the.item.value thing :the.stack.name
end

bury "push
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/queue
;;; -*- logo -*-

to queue :the.queue.name :the.item.value
make :the.queue.name lput :the.item.value thing :the.queue.name
end

bury "queue
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/quoted
;;; -*- logo -*-

to quoted :stuff
if wordp :stuff [op word "" :stuff]
op :stuff
end

bury "quoted
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/reduce
;;; -*- logo -*-

to reduce :reduce.function :reduce.list
if emptyp bf :reduce.list [op first :reduce.list]
op apply :reduce.function (list (first :reduce.list) ~
                                (reduce :reduce.function bf :reduce.list))
end

bury "reduce
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/remdup
;;; -*- logo -*-

to remdup :list
output filter [not memberp ? ?rest] :list
end

bury "remdup
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/remove
;;; -*- logo -*-

to remove :thing :list
output filter [not equalp ? :thing] :list
end

bury "remove
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/reverse
;;; -*- logo -*-

to reverse :in [:out ifelse listp :in [[]] ["]]
if emptyp :in [output :out]
output (reverse bf :in combine first :in :out)
end

bury "reverse
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/rseq
;;; -*- logo -*-

to rseq :a :b :n
output map [[x] :a + :x * (:b - :a) / (:n - 1)] iseq 0 :n - 1
end

bury "rseq
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/savel
;;; -*- logo -*-

to savel :cont :file [:oldwr writer]
openwrite :file
setwrite :file
po :cont
setwrite :oldwr
close :file
end

bury "savel
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/setpen
;;; -*- logo -*-

to setpen :pen_data
ifelse equalp first bf :pen_data "reverse ~
       [penreverse] ~
       [ifelse equalp first bf :pen_data "erase ~
               [penerase] ~
               [penpaint]]
ifelse equalp first :pen_data "penup [penup] [pendown]
setpensize first bf bf :pen_data
setpencolor first bf bf bf :pen_data
setpenpattern first bf bf bf bf :pen_data
end

bury [setpen]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/transfer
;;; -*- logo -*-

to transfer :transfer.limit :transfer.template :transfer.init
output cascade.2 (ifelse emptyp :transfer.limit ~
                         [[emptyp ?2]] ~
                         [list "transfer.end.test :transfer.limit]) ~
                 :transfer.template [] [butfirst ?2] :transfer.init
end

to transfer.end.test :the.condition.expression
if emptyp ?2 [output "true]
output run :the.condition.expression
end

to ?in
output first ?2
end

to ?out
output ?1
end

bury [transfer transfer.end.test ?in ?out]
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/unburyall
;;; -*- logo -*-

to unburyall
unbury buried
end
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/unburyname
;;; -*- logo -*-

to unburyname :names
unbury namelist :names
end

bury "unburyname
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/until
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro until :until.cond :until.instr
if run :until.cond [op []]
op se :until.instr (list "until :until.cond :until.instr)
end

bury "until
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/while
;;; -*- logo -*-

.macro while :while.cond :while.instr
if not run :while.cond [op []]
op se :while.instr (list "while :while.cond :while.instr)
end

bury "while
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/xcor
;;; -*- logo -*-

to xcor
output first pos
end

bury "xcor
ENDOFFILE
cat << "ENDOFFILE" > logolib/ycor
;;; -*- logo -*-

to ycor
output last pos
end

bury "ycor
ENDOFFILE
ucblogo-6.1/makehelp.c0000664000175000017500000000650713575571772013077 0ustar  jjcjjc#include 
#include 
#include 

char line[100], line2[100], line3[100];
char name[30] = "helpfiles/";
char name2[30] = "helpfiles/";
char tocname[20], tocname2[20];

main() {
    FILE *in=fopen("usermanual", "r");
    FILE *fp, *fp2;
    FILE *toc=fopen("helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS", "w");
    FILE *tmp=fopen("helptemp", "w");
    FILE *all=fopen("helpfiles/ALL_NAMES", "w");
    char ch, *cp, *np, *tp;
    int intab, three, col=5;

    if (toc == NULL) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Can't open HELPCONTENTS.\n");
	exit(1);
    }

    fputs("Help is available on the following:\n\n", toc);

    fgets(line, 100, in);
    while (line[0] != '-') fgets(line, 100, in);

    while (!feof(in)) {
	for (cp = line, np = &name[10], tp = tocname;
	     (ch = *cp) == '.' || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch == '`'
		    || ch == '0' || ch == '1';
	     cp++) {
	  *tp++ = tolower(ch);
	  if (ch == '.') ch='d';
	  *np++ = tolower(ch);
	}
	if (cp == line || (ch != ' ' && ch != '\t' && ch != '\n')) {
	    fgets(line, 100, in);
	    continue;
	}

	*tp = *np = '\0';

	if (name[11] == '\0' && name[10] != '`') {
	    fgets(line, 100, in);
	    continue;
	}

	line2[1] = 'x';
	fgets(line2, 100, in);
	if ((ch = line2[1]) == '-' || ch == '=') {
	    fgets(line, 100, in);
	    continue;
	}

	fp = fopen(name, "w");
	if (fp == NULL) {
	    fprintf(stderr, "Can't open %s\n", name);
	    exit(1);
	}

	fprintf(tmp, "%s\n", tocname);
	fprintf(all, "%s\n", tocname);

	three = 0;
	ch = line2[0];
	if (ch == '.' || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')) {
	    for (cp = line2, np = &name2[10], tp = tocname2;
		 (ch = *cp) == '.' || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch == '?';
		 cp++) {
	       *tp++ = tolower(ch);
	       if (ch == '.') ch='d';
	       if (ch == '?') three++;
	       *np++ = tolower(ch);
	    }
	    *tp = *np = '\0';

	    if (tp != tocname2 && strcmp(tocname, tocname2))
		fprintf(all, "%s\n", tocname2);

	    if (three) {
		fp2 = NULL;
		fgets(line3, 100, in);
		tp = tocname2;
		if ((ch = line3[0]) == '.' || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')) {
		    for (cp = line3, np = &name2[10];
			 (ch = *cp) == '.' || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch == '?';
			 cp++) {
		       *tp++ = tolower(ch);
		       if (ch == '.') ch='d';
		       *np++ = tolower(ch);
		    }
		    *tp = *np = '\0';
		} else name2[10] = '\0';
		if (tp != tocname2) fprintf(all, "%s\n", tocname);
	    }
	    if (name2[10] != '\0') {
		fp2 = fopen(name2, "w");
		if (fp2 == NULL) {
		    fprintf(stderr, "Can't open %s\n", name2);
		    exit(1);
		}
	    } else fp2 = NULL;
	} else fp2 = NULL;

	fputs(line, fp);
	fputs(line2, fp);
	if (three) fputs(line3, fp);
	if (fp2) {
	    fputs(line, fp2);
	    fputs(line2, fp2);
	    if (three) fputs(line3, fp);
	}
	intab = 0;

	fgets(line, 100, in);
	while (!feof(in)) {
	    if (intab && line[0] != '\t' && line[0] != '\n') break;
	    if (!intab && line[0] == '\t') intab++;
	    fputs(line, fp);
	    if (fp2) fputs(line, fp2);
	    fgets(line, 100, in);
	}

	fclose(fp);
	if (fp2) fclose(fp2);
    }
    fprintf(tmp, ".defmacro\n");    /* looks like abbrev for .macro */
    fprintf(tmp, "+\n-\n*\n/\n=\n<\n>\n");  /* infix operators */
    fprintf(tmp, "<=\n>=\n<>\n");	    /* two-char infix */
    fclose(tmp);
    fprintf(all, "+\n-\n*\n/\n=\n<\n>\n");  /* infix operators */
    fprintf(all, "<=\n>=\n<>\n");	    /* two-char infix */
    fclose(all);
    fclose(toc);
    exit(0);
}
ucblogo-6.1/makefile.in0000664000175000017500000000677313601420003013221 0ustar  jjcjjcCC	= @CC@
CFLAGS	= @CFLAGS@ @CPPFLAGS@ @X_CFLAGS@ -O0 -DUSE_OLD_TTY
CXX     = @CXX@
CXXFLAGS = @CXXFLAGS@
LDFLAGS	= @LDFLAGS@
LIBS  = @X_PRE_LIBS@ @X_LIBS@ @LIBS@ @X_EXTRA_LIBS@
prefix = @prefix@
BINDIR        = $(prefix)/bin
LIBLOC        = $(prefix)/lib/logo
LINKER = @LINKER@

# LIBLOC      = `pwd`

OBJS 	= coms.o error.o eval.o files.o graphics.o init.o intern.o \
	  libloc.o lists.o logodata.o main.o math.o mem.o paren.o parse.o \
	  print.o wrksp.o nographics.o git.o obj.o @WXOFILES@ @TERMOFILE@ @GRAPHICSOFILE@

SRCS	= coms.c error.c eval.c files.c graphics.c init.c intern.c \
	  libloc.c lists.c logodata.c main.c math.c mem.c paren.c parse.c \
	  print.c wrksp.c nographics.c obj.c @WXSRCFILES@ @TERMFILE@ @GRAPHICSFILE@

HDRS	= globals.h logo.h xgraphics.h

logo:	$(OBJS)
	$(LINKER) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) -o logo

everything:	logo logolib/Messages helpfiles helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
#logo-mode

mem.o:	mem.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 -c mem.c

git.c:	$(SRCS)
	echo 'char* GIT = "('`git describe||echo NA|tr -d '\r'`')";' > git.c

tags:	$(SRCS)
	ctags --format=1 -N $(SRCS) $(HDRS)
# 	ctags -t $(SRCS) $(HDRS)

libloc.c:
	echo 'char *libloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/logolib";' > libloc.c
	echo 'char *helploc="'$(LIBLOC)'/helpfiles";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *cslsloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/csls";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *temploc="/tmp";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *separator="/";' >> libloc.c

logolib/Messages:	makelib Messages
	chmod +x makelib
	./makelib
	cp -f Messages logolib

helpfiles:
	mkdir helpfiles

helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS:	makehelp usermanual
	./makehelp
	sort helptemp | pr -5 -t -l999 -w80 >> helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
	rm helptemp

makehelp:	makehelp.c
	$(CC) -o makehelp makehelp.c

clean:
	rm -f *.o libloc.c
#	cd emacs; $(MAKE) clean

ship:
	rm -f config.h config.cache config.log config.status
	rm -f makefile makehelp logo *.o libloc.c
#	cd emacs; $(MAKE) ship
	cd docs; $(MAKE) ship

install: everything
	for d in $(BINDIR) $(LIBLOC) $(LIBLOC)/logolib $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles $(LIBLOC)/csls; do [ -d $$d ] || mkdir -p $$d || exit 1; done
	cp logo $(BINDIR)/.
	cp -f logolib/* $(LIBLOC)/logolib/.
	cp -f helpfiles/* $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles/.
	cp -f csls/* $(LIBLOC)/csls/.
#	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
#	prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE) install

logo-mode: 
#	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE))
#	@prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE)

make-docs:
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) $(MAKE) all)

mac: everything
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents
	cp Info.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp PkgInfo UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp pbdevelopment.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/csls
	cp csls/[a-z]* UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/csls
	cp -r helpfiles UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r logolib UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp logo.icns UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/
	cp logo UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/UCBLogo

ucblogo.dmg : mac
	rm -f ucblogo.dmg ucblogo_base.dmg
	hdiutil create -size 15m -fs HFS+ -volname "UCBLogo" ucblogo_base.dmg
	hdiutil attach ucblogo_base.dmg
	cp -a UCBLogo.app /Volumes/UCBLogo/
	cp docs/usermanual.pdf /Volumes/UCBLogo/UCBLogoUserManual.pdf
	hdiutil detach /Volumes/UCBLogo/
	hdiutil convert ucblogo_base.dmg -format UDZO -o ucblogo.dmg
ucblogo-6.1/makefile.cygwin0000664000175000017500000000750213577775676014153 0ustar  jjcjjcCC	= gcc -mno-cygwin
CFLAGS	= -g -O -DHAVE_WX    -DX_DISPLAY_MISSING -O0 -mno-cygwin
CXX     = g++ -mno-cygwin
CXXFLAGS =  -DHAVE_WX -I/usr/local/lib/wx/include/msw-ansi-debug-static-2.8 -I/usr/local/include/wx-2.8 -D__WXDEBUG__ -D__WXMSW__ -mthreads -mno-cygwin
LDFLAGS	=  -mno-cygwin -mwindows
LIBS  =   -lm  -L/usr/local/lib -mno-cygwin -mwindows -mthreads  -mno-cygwin -mwindows -Wl,--subsystem,windows -mwindows /usr/local/lib/libwx_mswd_richtext-2.8.a /usr/local/lib/libwx_mswd_aui-2.8.a /usr/local/lib/libwx_mswd_qa-2.8.a /usr/local/lib/libwx_mswd_html-2.8.a /usr/local/lib/libwx_mswd_adv-2.8.a /usr/local/lib/libwx_mswd_core-2.8.a /usr/local/lib/libwx_based_net-2.8.a /usr/local/lib/libwx_based-2.8.a -lwxregexd-2.8 -lwxtiffd-2.8 -lwxjpegd-2.8 -lwxpngd-2.8 -lwxzlibd-2.8 -lrpcrt4 -loleaut32 -lole32 -luuid -lwinspool -lwinmm -lshell32 -lcomctl32 -lcomdlg32 -lctl3d32 -ladvapi32 -lwsock32 -lgdi32  -lcurses 
prefix = /usr/local
BINDIR        = $(prefix)/bin
LIBLOC        = $(prefix)/lib/logo
LINKER = $(CXX)

# LIBLOC      = `pwd`

OBJS 	= coms.o error.o eval.o files.o graphics.o init.o intern.o \
	  libloc.o lists.o logodata.o main.o math.o mem.o paren.o parse.o \
	  print.o wrksp.o nographics.o svn.o wxMain.o wxTerminal.o wxTurtleGraphics.o TextEditor.o wxterm.o 

SRCS	= coms.c error.c eval.c files.c graphics.c init.c intern.c \
	  libloc.c lists.c logodata.c main.c math.c mem.c paren.c parse.c \
	  print.c wrksp.c nographics.c wxMain.cpp wxTerminal.cpp wxTurtleGraphics.cpp TextEditor.cpp wxterm.c 

HDRS	= globals.h logo.h xgraphics.h

all:	logo logolib/Messages helpfiles helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS logo-mode 

mem.o:	mem.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 -c mem.c

logo:	$(OBJS)
	$(LINKER) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) -o logo

svn.c:	$(SRCS)
	echo 'char* SVN = "('`svnversion|tr -d '\r'`')";' > svn.c

tags:	$(SRCS)
	ctags --format=1 -N $(SRCS) $(HDRS)
# 	ctags -t $(SRCS) $(HDRS)

libloc.c:
	echo 'char *libloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/logolib";' > libloc.c
	echo 'char *helploc="'$(LIBLOC)'/helpfiles";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *cslsloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/csls";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *temploc="/tmp";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *separator="/";' >> libloc.c

logolib/Messages:	makelib Messages
	chmod +x makelib
	./makelib
	cp -f Messages logolib

helpfiles:
	mkdir helpfiles

helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS:	makehelp usermanual
	./makehelp
	sort helptemp | pr -5 -t -w80 >> helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
	rm helptemp

makehelp:	makehelp.c
	$(CC) -o makehelp makehelp.c

clean:
	rm -f *.o libloc.c
	cd emacs; $(MAKE) clean

ship:
	rm -f config.h config.cache config.log config.status
	rm -f makefile makehelp logo *.o libloc.c
	cd emacs; $(MAKE) ship
	cd docs; $(MAKE) ship

install: all
	for d in $(BINDIR) $(LIBLOC) $(LIBLOC)/logolib $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles $(LIBLOC)/csls; do [ -d $$d ] || mkdir -p $$d || exit 1; done
	cp logo $(BINDIR)/.
	cp -f logolib/* $(LIBLOC)/logolib/.
	cp -f helpfiles/* $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles/.
	cp -f csls/* $(LIBLOC)/csls/.
	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
#	prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE) install

logo-mode: 
	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE))
#	@prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE)

make-docs:
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) $(MAKE) all)

mac: all
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents
	cp Info.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp PkgInfo UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp pbdevelopment.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources
	cp -r csls UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r helpfiles UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r logolib UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	mkdir -p UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/
	cp logo UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/UCBLogo
ucblogo-6.1/mac-makefile0000664000175000017500000000641113557147341013364 0ustar  jjcjjcCC	= gcc
CFLAGS	= -g -O -DHAVE_WX    -O0
CXX     = g++
CXXFLAGS =  -DHAVE_WX -I/usr/local/lib/wx/include/mac-ansi-release-static-2.8 -I/usr/local/include/wx-2.8 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXMAC__
LDFLAGS	= 
LIBS  =   -lm  -L/usr/local/lib  `wx-config --libs`  -lz -ldl -lm  -ltermcap 
prefix = /usr/local
BINDIR        = $(prefix)/bin
LIBLOC        = $(prefix)/lib/logo
LINKER = $(CXX)

# LIBLOC      = `pwd`

OBJS 	= coms.o error.o eval.o files.o graphics.o init.o intern.o \
	  libloc.o lists.o logodata.o main.o math.o mem.o paren.o parse.o \
	  print.o wrksp.o nographics.o actions.o states.o utils.o vt52_states.o keytrans.o wxMain.o wxTerminal.o wxTurtleGraphics.o  gterm.o TextEditor.o wxterm.o 

SRCS	= coms.c error.c eval.c files.c graphics.c init.c intern.c \
	  libloc.c lists.c logodata.c main.c math.c mem.c paren.c parse.c \
	  print.c wrksp.c nographics.c actions.cpp states.cpp utils.cpp vt52_states.cpp keytrans.cpp wxMain.cpp wxTerminal.cpp wxTurtleGraphics.cpp  gterm.cpp TextEditor.cpp wxterm.c 

HDRS	= globals.h logo.h xgraphics.h

all:	logo logolib/Messages helpfiles helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS logo-mode 

mem.o:	mem.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 -c mem.c

logo:	$(OBJS)
	$(LINKER) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) -o logo

tags:	$(SRCS)
	ctags --format=1 -N $(SRCS) $(HDRS)
# 	ctags -t $(SRCS) $(HDRS)

libloc.c:
	echo 'char *libloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/logolib";' > libloc.c
	echo 'char *helploc="'$(LIBLOC)'/helpfiles";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *cslsloc="'$(LIBLOC)'/csls";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *temploc="/tmp";' >> libloc.c
	echo 'char *separator="/";' >> libloc.c

logolib/Messages:	makelib Messages
	chmod +x makelib
	./makelib
	cp -f Messages logolib

helpfiles:
	mkdir helpfiles

helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS:	makehelp usermanual
	./makehelp
	sort helptemp | pr -5 -t -w80 >> helpfiles/HELPCONTENTS
	rm helptemp

makehelp:	makehelp.c
	$(CC) -o makehelp makehelp.c

clean:
	rm -f *.o libloc.c
	cd emacs; $(MAKE) clean

ship:
	rm -f config.h config.cache config.log config.status
	rm -f makefile makehelp logo *.o libloc.c
	cd emacs; $(MAKE) ship
	cd docs; $(MAKE) ship

install: all
	for d in $(BINDIR) $(LIBLOC) $(LIBLOC)/logolib $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles $(LIBLOC)/csls; do [ -d $$d ] || mkdir -p $$d || exit 1; done
	cp logo $(BINDIR)/.
	cp -f logolib/* $(LIBLOC)/logolib/.
	cp -f helpfiles/* $(LIBLOC)/helpfiles/.
	cp -f csls/* $(LIBLOC)/csls/.
	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE) install)
#	prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE) install

logo-mode: 
	(cd emacs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) BINDIR=$(BINDIR) $(MAKE))
#	@prefix=$(prefix); LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC); BINDIR=$(BINDIR); export prefix LIBLOC BINDIR; cd emacs; $(MAKE)

make-docs:
	(cd docs; prefix=$(prefix) LIBLOC=$(LIBLOC) $(MAKE) all)

make mac: all
	mkdir UCBLogo.app
	mkdir UCBLogo.app/Contents
	cp Info.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp PkgInfo UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	cp pbdevelopment.plist UCBLogo.app/Contents/
	mkdir UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources
	cp -r csls UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r helpfiles UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	cp -r logolib UCBLogo.app/Contents/Resources/
	mkdir UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/
	mv logo UCBLogo.app/Contents/MacOS/UCBLogo
ucblogo-6.1/mac-fontmod.tar0000664000175000017500000031000013557147341014032 0ustar  jjcjjc./include/wx/mac/carbon/fontdlg.h0100644000076500001430000001052111052666361015766 0ustar  bhunknown/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        wx/mac/carbon/fontdlg.h
// Purpose:     wxFontDialog class using fonts window services (10.2+).
// Author:      Ryan Norton
// Modified by:
// Created:     2004-09-25
// RCS-ID:      $Id: fontdlg.h,v 1.13 2006/11/12 23:34:38 VZ Exp $
// Copyright:   (c) Ryan Norton
// Licence:     wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef _WX_FONTDLG_H_
#define _WX_FONTDLG_H_

#include "wx/dialog.h"
#include "wx/cmndata.h"

/*
 * Font dialog
 */

#ifndef wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG
#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_2
#define wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG 0
#else
#define wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG 1
#endif
#endif

#if wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG

class WXDLLEXPORT wxFontDialog : public wxDialog
{
public:
    wxFontDialog();
    wxFontDialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data);
    virtual ~wxFontDialog();

    bool Create(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data);

    int ShowModal();
    wxFontData& GetFontData() { return m_fontData; }

protected:
    wxFontData m_fontData;

    DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS_NO_COPY(wxFontDialog)
};

extern "C" int RunMixedFontDialog(wxFontDialog* dialog) ;

#else // wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG

#if !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

/*!
 * Forward declarations
 */

class wxFontColourSwatchCtrl;
class wxFontPreviewCtrl;
class WXDLLEXPORT wxSpinCtrl;
class WXDLLEXPORT wxSpinEvent;
class WXDLLEXPORT wxListBox;
class WXDLLEXPORT wxChoice;
class WXDLLEXPORT wxButton;
class WXDLLEXPORT wxStaticText;
class WXDLLEXPORT wxCheckBox;

/*!
 * Control identifiers
 */

#define wxID_FONTDIALOG_FACENAME 20001
#define wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE 20002
#define wxID_FONTDIALOG_BOLD 20003
#define wxID_FONTDIALOG_ITALIC 20004
#define wxID_FONTDIALOG_UNDERLINED 20005
#define wxID_FONTDIALOG_COLOUR 20006
#define wxID_FONTDIALOG_PREVIEW 20007

#endif
    // !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

class WXDLLEXPORT wxFontDialog: public wxDialog
{
DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxFontDialog)

#if !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX
DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
#endif

public:
    wxFontDialog();
    wxFontDialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data);
    virtual ~wxFontDialog();

    bool Create(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data);

    int ShowModal();
    wxFontData& GetFontData() { return m_fontData; }
    bool IsShown() const;
    void OnPanelClose();
    void SetData(const wxFontData& data);

#if !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

    /// Creates the controls and sizers
    void CreateControls();

    /// Initialize font
    void InitializeFont();

    /// Set controls according to current font
    void InitializeControls();

    /// Respond to font change
    void ChangeFont();

    /// Respond to colour change
    void OnColourChanged(wxCommandEvent& event);

    /// wxEVT_COMMAND_LISTBOX_SELECTED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_FACENAME
    void OnFontdialogFacenameSelected( wxCommandEvent& event );

    /// wxEVT_COMMAND_SPINCTRL_UPDATED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE
    void OnFontdialogFontsizeUpdated( wxSpinEvent& event );

    /// wxEVT_COMMAND_TEXT_UPDATED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE
    void OnFontdialogFontsizeTextUpdated( wxCommandEvent& event );

    /// wxEVT_COMMAND_CHECKBOX_CLICKED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_BOLD
    void OnFontdialogBoldClick( wxCommandEvent& event );

    /// wxEVT_COMMAND_CHECKBOX_CLICKED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_ITALIC
    void OnFontdialogItalicClick( wxCommandEvent& event );

    /// wxEVT_COMMAND_CHECKBOX_CLICKED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_UNDERLINED
    void OnFontdialogUnderlinedClick( wxCommandEvent& event );

    /// wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED event handler for wxID_OK
    void OnOkClick( wxCommandEvent& event );

    /// Should we show tooltips?
    static bool ShowToolTips();

    wxListBox* m_facenameCtrl;
    wxSpinCtrl* m_sizeCtrl;
    wxCheckBox* m_boldCtrl;
    wxCheckBox* m_italicCtrl;
    wxCheckBox* m_underlinedCtrl;
    wxFontColourSwatchCtrl* m_colourCtrl;
    wxFontPreviewCtrl* m_previewCtrl;

    wxFont      m_dialogFont;
    bool        m_suppressUpdates;

#endif
    // !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

protected:
    wxWindow*   m_dialogParent;
    wxFontData  m_fontData;
    void*       m_pEventHandlerRef;
};

#endif

#endif
    // _WX_FONTDLG_H_
./include/wx/mac/carbon/private.h0100644000076500001430000006622311054103027016000 0ustar  bhunknown/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        private.h
// Purpose:     Private declarations: as this header is only included by
//              wxWidgets itself, it may contain identifiers which don't start
//              with "wx".
// Author:      Stefan Csomor
// Modified by:
// Created:     1998-01-01
// RCS-ID:      $Id: private.h,v 1.40.2.5 2006/03/24 13:01:18 JS Exp $
// Copyright:   (c) Stefan Csomor
// Licence:     wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef _WX_PRIVATE_H_
#define _WX_PRIVATE_H_

#include "wx/defs.h"
#include "wx/app.h"

#ifdef __DARWIN__
#    include 
#else
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#    include 
#endif

#if UNIVERSAL_INTERFACES_VERSION < 0x0342
    #error "please update to Apple's lastest universal headers from http://developer.apple.com/sdk/"
#endif

#ifndef MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_3
    #define MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_3 1030
#endif

#ifndef MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_4
    #define MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_4 1040
#endif

#ifdef __WXMAC_CARBON__
#include "wx/mac/corefoundation/cfstring.h"
#endif

#ifndef FixedToInt
// as macro in FixMath.h for 10.3
inline Fixed    IntToFixed( int inInt )
{
    return (((SInt32) inInt) << 16);
}

inline int    FixedToInt( Fixed inFixed )
{
    return (((SInt32) inFixed) >> 16);
}
#endif

#if wxUSE_GUI

#include "wx/dc.h"
#include "wx/window.h"
#include "wx/toplevel.h"

class wxMacPortStateHelper
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacPortStateHelper)

public:
    wxMacPortStateHelper( GrafPtr newport) ;
    wxMacPortStateHelper() ;
    ~wxMacPortStateHelper() ;

    void Setup( GrafPtr newport ) ;
    void Clear() ;
    bool IsCleared() { return m_clip == NULL ; }
    GrafPtr GetCurrentPort() { return m_currentPort ; }

private:
    GrafPtr          m_currentPort ;
    GrafPtr          m_oldPort ;
    RgnHandle          m_clip ;
    ThemeDrawingState m_drawingState ;
    short          m_textFont ;
    short          m_textSize ;
    short          m_textStyle ;
    short           m_textMode ;
} ;

class WXDLLEXPORT wxMacPortSaver
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacPortSaver)

public:
    wxMacPortSaver( GrafPtr port );
    ~wxMacPortSaver();
private :
    GrafPtr m_port ;
} ;

class WXDLLEXPORT wxMacPortSetter
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacPortSetter)

public:
    wxMacPortSetter( const wxDC* dc ) ;
    ~wxMacPortSetter() ;
private:
    wxMacPortStateHelper m_ph ;
    const wxDC* m_dc ;
} ;

/*
 Clips to the visible region of a control within the current port
 */

class WXDLLEXPORT wxMacWindowClipper : public wxMacPortSaver
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacWindowClipper)

public:
    wxMacWindowClipper( const wxWindow* win ) ;
    ~wxMacWindowClipper() ;
private:
    GrafPtr   m_newPort ;
    RgnHandle m_formerClip ;
    RgnHandle m_newClip ;
} ;

class WXDLLEXPORT wxMacWindowStateSaver : public wxMacWindowClipper
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacWindowStateSaver)

public:
    wxMacWindowStateSaver( const wxWindow* win ) ;
    ~wxMacWindowStateSaver() ;
private:
    GrafPtr   m_newPort ;
    ThemeDrawingState m_themeDrawingState ;
} ;

#if wxMAC_USE_CORE_GRAPHICS
class WXDLLEXPORT wxMacCGContextStateSaver
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacCGContextStateSaver)

public:
    wxMacCGContextStateSaver( CGContextRef cg )
    {
        m_cg = cg ;
        CGContextSaveGState( cg ) ;
    }
    ~wxMacCGContextStateSaver()
    {
        CGContextRestoreGState( m_cg ) ;
    }
private:
    CGContextRef m_cg ;
} ;

#endif
/*
class wxMacDrawingHelper
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacDrawingHelper)

public:
    wxMacDrawingHelper( wxWindowMac * theWindow , bool clientArea = false ) ;
    ~wxMacDrawingHelper() ;
    bool Ok() { return m_ok ; }
    void LocalToWindow( Rect *rect) { OffsetRect( rect , m_origin.h , m_origin.v ) ; }
    void LocalToWindow( Point *pt ) { AddPt( m_origin , pt ) ; }
    void LocalToWindow( RgnHandle rgn ) { OffsetRgn( rgn , m_origin.h , m_origin.v ) ; }
    const Point& GetOrigin() { return m_origin ; }
private:
    Point     m_origin ;
    GrafPtr   m_formerPort ;
    GrafPtr   m_currentPort ;
    PenState  m_savedPenState ;
    bool      m_ok ;
} ;
*/

// app.h
bool wxMacConvertEventToRecord( EventRef event , EventRecord *rec) ;

#endif // wxUSE_GUI

// filefn.h
WXDLLEXPORT wxString wxMacFSSpec2MacFilename( const FSSpec *spec ) ;
WXDLLEXPORT void wxMacFilename2FSSpec( const wxString &path , FSSpec *spec ) ;

// utils.h
WXDLLEXPORT wxString wxMacFindFolder(short vRefNum,
                                     OSType folderType,
                                     Boolean createFolder);

template EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("Unknown Param Type") ) ; return 0 ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeQDRgnHandle ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeControlRef ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeWindowRef ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeMenuRef ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeEventRef ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeQDPoint ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeQDRectangle ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeBoolean; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeSInt16; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeSInt32; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeUInt32; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeRGBColor; }
#if TARGET_API_MAC_OSX
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeHICommand ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeHIPoint ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeHISize ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeHIRect ; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeVoidPtr ; }
#endif
#if TARGET_API_MAC_OSX && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED > MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_2 )
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeCFDictionaryRef; }
#endif
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeCollection; }
template<> inline EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeCGContextRef; }
/*
 These are ambiguous
 template<> EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeGrafPtr ; }
 template<> EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeOSStatus ; }
 template<> EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeCFIndex ; }
 template<> EventParamType wxMacGetEventParamType() { return typeGWorldPtr ; }
 */

class wxMacCarbonEvent
{

public :
    wxMacCarbonEvent()
    {
        m_eventRef = 0 ;
        m_release = false ;
    }

    wxMacCarbonEvent( EventRef event , bool release = false )
    {
        m_eventRef = event ;
        m_release = release ;
    }

    wxMacCarbonEvent(UInt32 inClassID,UInt32 inKind,EventTime inWhen = 0 /*now*/,EventAttributes inAttributes=kEventAttributeNone)
    {
        m_eventRef = NULL ;
        verify_noerr( MacCreateEvent( NULL , inClassID, inKind,inWhen,inAttributes,&m_eventRef) ) ;
        m_release = true ;
    }

    ~wxMacCarbonEvent()
    {
        if ( m_release )
            ReleaseEvent( m_eventRef ) ;
    }

    OSStatus Create(UInt32 inClassID,UInt32 inKind,EventTime inWhen = 0 /*now*/,EventAttributes inAttributes=kEventAttributeNone)
    {
        verify( (m_eventRef == NULL) || m_release ) ;
        if ( m_eventRef && m_release )
        {
            ReleaseEvent( m_eventRef ) ;
            m_release = false ;
            m_eventRef = NULL ;

        }
        OSStatus err = MacCreateEvent( NULL , inClassID, inKind,inWhen,inAttributes,&m_eventRef) ;
        if ( err == noErr )
            m_release = true ;
        return err ;
    }

    OSStatus GetParameter( EventParamName inName, EventParamType inDesiredType, UInt32 inBufferSize, void * outData) ;

    template  OSStatus GetParameter( EventParamName inName, EventParamType type , T *data )
    {
        return GetParameter( inName, type , sizeof( T ) , data ) ;
    }
    template  OSStatus GetParameter( EventParamName inName, T *data )
    {
        return GetParameter( inName, wxMacGetEventParamType() , data ) ;
    }

    template  T GetParameter( EventParamName inName )
    {
        T value ;
        verify_noerr( GetParameter( inName, &value ) ) ;
        return value ;
    }
    template  T GetParameter( EventParamName inName, EventParamType inDesiredType )
    {
        T value ;
        verify_noerr( GetParameter( inName, inDesiredType , &value ) ) ;
        return value ;
    }

    OSStatus SetParameter( EventParamName inName, EventParamType inType, UInt32 inSize, const void * inData) ;
    template  OSStatus SetParameter( EventParamName inName, EventParamType inDesiredType , const T *data )
    {
        return SetParameter( inName, inDesiredType , sizeof( T ) , data ) ;
    }
    template  OSStatus SetParameter( EventParamName inName, EventParamType inDesiredType , const T& data )
    {
        return SetParameter( inName, inDesiredType , &data ) ;
    }
    template  OSStatus SetParameter( EventParamName inName, const T *data )
    {
        return SetParameter( inName, wxMacGetEventParamType() , data ) ;
    }
    template  OSStatus SetParameter( EventParamName inName, const T& data )
    {
        return SetParameter( inName, wxMacGetEventParamType() , &data ) ;
    }
    UInt32 GetClass()
    {
        return ::GetEventClass( m_eventRef ) ;
    }
    UInt32 GetKind()
    {
        return ::GetEventKind( m_eventRef ) ;
    }
    EventTime GetTime()
    {
        return ::GetEventTime( m_eventRef ) ;
    }
    UInt32 GetTicks()
    {
        return EventTimeToTicks( GetTime() ) ;
    }
    OSStatus SetTime( EventTime inWhen = 0 /*now*/ )
    {
        return ::SetEventTime( m_eventRef , inWhen ? inWhen : GetCurrentEventTime() ) ;
    }
    operator EventRef () { return m_eventRef; }

    bool IsValid() { return m_eventRef != 0 ; }
protected :
    EventRef m_eventRef ;
    bool     m_release ;
} ;

//
// helper class for allocating and deallocating Universal Proc Ptrs
//

template  class wxMacUPP
{
public :
    wxMacUPP( procType proc )
    {
        m_upp = NULL ;
        m_upp = (*newUPP)( NULL ) ;
    }
    ~wxMacUPP()
    {
        if ( m_upp )
            disposeUPP( m_upp ) ;
    }
    operator uppType() { return m_upp ; }
private :
    uppType m_upp ;
} ;

typedef wxMacUPP wxMacNMUPP ;

template  class wxMacCFRefHolder
{
public :
    wxMacCFRefHolder()
        : m_ref(NULL) , m_release(false)
    {
    }

    wxMacCFRefHolder( refType ref , bool release = true )
        : m_ref(ref) , m_release(release)
    {
    }

    ~wxMacCFRefHolder()
    {
        CFRelease( m_ref ) ;
    }

    void Release()
    {
        if ( m_release && m_ref != NULL )
            CFRelease( m_ref ) ;
        m_ref = NULL ;
    }

    refType Detach()
    {
        refType val = m_ref ;
        m_release = false ;
        m_ref = NULL ;
        return val ;
    }

    void Set( refType ref , bool release = true  )
    {
        Release() ;
        m_release = release ;
        m_ref = ref ;
    }

    operator refType () const { return m_ref; }

private :
    refType m_ref ;
    bool m_release ;

    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS( wxMacCFRefHolder )
} ;

#if wxUSE_GUI
/*
GWorldPtr         wxMacCreateGWorld( int width , int height , int depth ) ;
void                 wxMacDestroyGWorld( GWorldPtr gw ) ;
PicHandle         wxMacCreatePict( GWorldPtr gw , GWorldPtr mask = NULL ) ;
CIconHandle     wxMacCreateCIcon(GWorldPtr image , GWorldPtr mask , short dstDepth , short iconSize  ) ;
void                 wxMacSetColorTableEntry( CTabHandle newColors , int index , int red , int green ,  int blue ) ;
CTabHandle         wxMacCreateColorTable( int numColors ) ;
*/
void wxMacCreateBitmapButton( ControlButtonContentInfo*info , const wxBitmap& bitmap , int forceType = 0 ) ;
void wxMacReleaseBitmapButton( ControlButtonContentInfo*info ) ;

#define MAC_WXCOLORREF(a) (*((RGBColor*)&(a)))
#define MAC_WXHBITMAP(a) (GWorldPtr(a))
#define MAC_WXHMETAFILE(a) (PicHandle(a))
#define MAC_WXHICON(a) (IconRef(a))
#define MAC_WXHCURSOR(a) (CursHandle(a))
#define MAC_WXHRGN(a) (RgnHandle(a))
#define MAC_WXHWND(a) (WindowPtr(a))
#define MAC_WXRECPTR(a) ((Rect*)a)
#define MAC_WXPOINTPTR(a) ((Point*)a)
#define MAC_WXHMENU(a) ((MenuHandle)a)

struct wxOpaqueWindowRef
{
    wxOpaqueWindowRef( WindowRef ref ) { m_data = ref ; }
    operator WindowRef() { return m_data ; }
private :
    WindowRef m_data ;
} ;

void wxMacRectToNative( const wxRect *wx , Rect *n ) ;
void wxMacNativeToRect( const Rect *n , wxRect* wx ) ;
void wxMacPointToNative( const wxPoint* wx , Point *n ) ;
void wxMacNativeToPoint( const Point *n , wxPoint* wx ) ;

wxWindow *              wxFindControlFromMacControl(ControlRef inControl ) ;
wxTopLevelWindowMac*    wxFindWinFromMacWindow( WindowRef inWindow ) ;
wxMenu*                 wxFindMenuFromMacMenu(MenuRef inMenuRef) ;
int                     wxMacCommandToId( UInt32 macCommandId ) ;
UInt32                  wxIdToMacCommand( int wxId ) ;
wxMenu*                 wxFindMenuFromMacCommand( const HICommand &macCommandId , wxMenuItem* &item ) ;

extern wxWindow* g_MacLastWindow ;
pascal OSStatus wxMacTopLevelMouseEventHandler( EventHandlerCallRef handler , EventRef event , void *data ) ;
Rect wxMacGetBoundsForControl( wxWindow* window , const wxPoint& pos , const wxSize &size , bool adjustForOrigin = true ) ;

ControlActionUPP GetwxMacLiveScrollbarActionProc() ;

class wxMacControl
{
public :
    wxMacControl( wxWindow* peer , bool isRootControl = false ) ;
    wxMacControl( wxWindow* peer , ControlRef control ) ;
    wxMacControl( wxWindow* peer , WXWidget control ) ;
    virtual ~wxMacControl() ;

    void Init() ;

    virtual void Dispose() ;

    bool Ok() const { return GetControlRef() != NULL ; }

    virtual ControlRef * GetControlRefAddr() { return &m_controlRef; }
    virtual ControlRef GetControlRef() const { return m_controlRef ; }

    virtual void SetReference( SInt32 data ) ;
    /*
    void operator= (ControlRef c) { m_controlRef = c ; }
    operator ControlRef () { return m_controlRef; }
    operator ControlRef * () { return &m_controlRef; }
    */
    // accessing data and values

    virtual OSStatus SetData( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag , Size inSize , const void * inData ) ;
    virtual OSStatus GetData( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag , Size inBufferSize , void * inOutBuffer , Size * outActualSize ) const ;
    virtual OSStatus GetDataSize( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag , Size * outActualSize ) const ;
    virtual OSStatus SendEvent(  EventRef ref , OptionBits inOptions = 0 ) ;
    virtual OSStatus SendHICommand( HICommand &command , OptionBits inOptions = 0 ) ;

    virtual OSStatus SendHICommand( UInt32 commandID , OptionBits inOptions = 0 ) ;

    virtual SInt32 GetValue() const ;
    virtual SInt32 GetMaximum() const ;
    virtual SInt32 GetMinimum() const ;

    virtual void SetValue( SInt32 v ) ;
    virtual void SetMinimum( SInt32 v ) ;
    virtual void SetMaximum( SInt32 v ) ;

    virtual void SetValueAndRange( SInt32 value , SInt32 minimum , SInt32 maximum ) ;
    virtual void SetRange( SInt32 minimum , SInt32 maximum ) ;

    virtual OSStatus SetFocus( ControlFocusPart focusPart ) ;
    virtual bool HasFocus() const ;
    virtual bool NeedsFocusRect() const ;
    virtual void SetNeedsFocusRect( bool needs ) ;

    // templated helpers

    Size GetDataSize( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag ) const
    {
        Size sz ;
        verify_noerr( GetDataSize( inPartCode , inTag , &sz ) ) ;
        return sz ;
    }
    template  OSStatus SetData( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag , const T *data )
    {
        return SetData( inPartCode , inTag , sizeof( T ) , data ) ;
    }
    template  OSStatus SetData( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag , const T& data )
    {
        return SetData( inPartCode , inTag , sizeof( T ) , &data ) ;
    }
    template  OSStatus GetData( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag , T *data ) const
    {
        Size dummy ;
        return GetData( inPartCode , inTag , sizeof( T ) , data , &dummy ) ;
    }
    template  T GetData( ControlPartCode inPartCode , ResType inTag ) const
    {
        T value ;
        verify_noerr( GetData( inPartCode , inTag , &value ) ) ;
        return value ;
    }

    // Flash the control for the specified amount of time
    virtual void Flash( ControlPartCode part , UInt32 ticks = 8 ) ;

    virtual void VisibilityChanged( bool shown ) ;
    virtual void SuperChangedPosition() ;


    virtual void SetFont( const wxFont & font , const wxColour& foreground , long windowStyle ) ;
    virtual void SetBackground( const wxBrush &brush ) ;
    virtual ControlPartCode HandleKey(  SInt16 keyCode,  SInt16 charCode, EventModifiers modifiers ) ;
    void SetActionProc( ControlActionUPP   actionProc ) ;
    void SetViewSize( SInt32 viewSize ) ;
    SInt32 GetViewSize() const ;

    virtual bool IsVisible() const ;
    virtual void SetVisibility( bool visible , bool redraw ) ;
    virtual bool IsEnabled() const ;
    virtual bool IsActive() const ;
    virtual void Enable( bool enable ) ;

    // invalidates this control and all children
    virtual void InvalidateWithChildren() ;
    virtual void SetDrawingEnabled( bool enable ) ;
#ifdef __WXMAC_OSX__
    virtual bool GetNeedsDisplay() const ;
#endif
    // where is in native window relative coordinates
    virtual void SetNeedsDisplay( RgnHandle where ) ;
    // where is in native window relative coordinates
    virtual void SetNeedsDisplay( Rect* where = NULL ) ;

	// if rect = NULL, entire view
    virtual void ScrollRect( wxRect *rect , int dx , int dy ) ;

    // in native parent window relative coordinates
    virtual void GetRect( Rect *r ) ;

    // in native parent window relative coordinates
    virtual void SetRect( Rect *r ) ;

    virtual void GetRectInWindowCoords( Rect *r ) ;
    virtual void GetBestRect( Rect *r ) ;
    virtual void SetTitle( const wxString &title ) ;
    // converts from Toplevel-Content relative to local
    static void Convert( wxPoint *pt , wxMacControl *convert , wxMacControl *to ) ;

    virtual void GetFeatures( UInt32 *features ) ;
    virtual OSStatus GetRegion( ControlPartCode partCode , RgnHandle region ) ;
    virtual OSStatus SetZOrder( bool above , wxMacControl* other ) ;
    // to be moved into a databrowser subclass

    virtual OSStatus SetSelectionFlags( DataBrowserSelectionFlags ) ;
    virtual OSStatus AddListViewColumn( DataBrowserListViewColumnDesc *columnDesc,
        DataBrowserTableViewColumnIndex position ) ;
    virtual OSStatus AutoSizeListViewColumns() ;
    virtual OSStatus SetHasScrollBars( bool horiz , bool vert ) ;
    virtual OSStatus SetTableViewHiliteStyle( DataBrowserTableViewHiliteStyle hiliteStyle ) ;
    virtual OSStatus SetListViewHeaderBtnHeight(UInt16 height) ;
    virtual OSStatus SetCallbacks(const DataBrowserCallbacks *  callbacks) ;
    virtual OSStatus UpdateItems( DataBrowserItemID container, UInt32 numItems,
            const DataBrowserItemID* items,
            DataBrowserPropertyID preSortProperty,
            DataBrowserPropertyID propertyID ) ;
    virtual OSStatus AddItems( DataBrowserItemID container, UInt32 numItems,
            const DataBrowserItemID* items,
            DataBrowserPropertyID preSortProperty ) ;
    virtual OSStatus RemoveItems( DataBrowserItemID container, UInt32 numItems,
            const DataBrowserItemID* items,
            DataBrowserPropertyID preSortProperty ) ;
    virtual OSStatus RevealItem( DataBrowserItemID item,
            DataBrowserPropertyID propertyID,
            DataBrowserRevealOptions options ) ;
    virtual OSStatus GetSelectionAnchor( DataBrowserItemID * first, DataBrowserItemID * last ) ;
    virtual bool IsItemSelected( DataBrowserItemID item ) ;
    virtual OSStatus SetSelectedItems(UInt32 numItems,
            const DataBrowserItemID * items,
            DataBrowserSetOption operation ) ;

    // to be moved into a tab control class

    virtual OSStatus SetTabEnabled( SInt16 tabNo , bool enable ) ;
    bool    IsCompositing() { return m_isCompositing ; }
    bool    IsRootControl() { return m_isRootControl ; }
protected :
    ControlRef  m_controlRef ;
    wxFont      m_font ;
    long        m_windowStyle ;
    wxWindow*   m_peer ;
    bool        m_needsFocusRect ;
    bool        m_isCompositing ;
    bool        m_isRootControl ;
} ;

#if wxMAC_USE_CORE_GRAPHICS

class WXDLLEXPORT wxMacCGPath : public wxGraphicPath
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacCGPath)
public :
    wxMacCGPath() ;
    ~wxMacCGPath() ;

    //  Starts a new subpath at
    void MoveToPoint( wxCoord x1 , wxCoord y1 ) ;
    void AddLineToPoint( wxCoord x1 , wxCoord y1 ) ;
    void AddQuadCurveToPoint( wxCoord cx1, wxCoord cy1, wxCoord x1, wxCoord y1 ) ;
    void AddRectangle( wxCoord x, wxCoord y, wxCoord w, wxCoord h ) ;
    void AddCircle( wxCoord x, wxCoord y , wxCoord r ) ;

    // closes the current subpath
    void CloseSubpath() ;

    CGPathRef GetPath() const ;
private :
    CGMutablePathRef m_path ;
} ;

class WXDLLEXPORT wxMacCGContext : public wxGraphicContext
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxMacCGContext)

public:
    wxMacCGContext( CGrafPtr port ) ;
    wxMacCGContext( CGContextRef cgcontext ) ;
    wxMacCGContext() ;
    ~wxMacCGContext() ;

    virtual void Clip( const wxRegion ®ion ) ;
    virtual void StrokePath( const wxGraphicPath *p ) ;
    virtual void DrawPath( const wxGraphicPath *p , int fillStyle = wxWINDING_RULE ) ;
    virtual void FillPath( const wxGraphicPath *p , const wxColor &fillColor , int fillStyle = wxWINDING_RULE ) ;

    virtual wxGraphicPath* CreatePath() ;
    virtual void SetPen( const wxPen &pen )  ;
    virtual void SetBrush( const wxBrush &brush ) ;
    CGContextRef GetNativeContext() ;
    void SetNativeContext( CGContextRef cg ) ;
    CGPathDrawingMode GetDrawingMode() const { return m_mode ; }
private:
    CGContextRef m_cgContext ;
    CGrafPtr m_qdPort ;
    CGPathDrawingMode m_mode ;
    wxPen m_pen ;
    wxBrush m_brush ;
} ;

#endif // wxMAC_USE_CORE_GRAPHICS

#ifdef __WXMAC_OSX__

CGColorSpaceRef wxMacGetGenericRGBColorSpace(void) ;
void wxMacMemoryBufferReleaseProc(void *info, const void *data, size_t size) ;

#endif

class WXDLLEXPORT wxBitmapRefData: public wxGDIRefData
{
    DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxBitmapRefData)

    friend class WXDLLEXPORT wxIcon;
    friend class WXDLLEXPORT wxCursor;
public:
    wxBitmapRefData(int width , int height , int depth);
    wxBitmapRefData();
    ~wxBitmapRefData();

    void Free() ;
    bool Ok() const { return m_ok ; }
    void SetOk( bool isOk) { m_ok = isOk ; }

    void SetWidth( int width ) { m_width = width ; }
    void SetHeight( int height ) { m_height = height ; }
    void SetDepth( int depth ) { m_depth = depth ; }

    int GetWidth() const { return m_width ; }
    int GetHeight() const { return m_height ; }
    int GetDepth() const { return m_depth ; }

    void *GetRawAccess() const ;
    void *BeginRawAccess() ;
    void EndRawAccess() ;

    bool HasAlpha() const { return m_hasAlpha ; }
    void UseAlpha( bool useAlpha ) ;

public:
#if wxUSE_PALETTE
    wxPalette     m_bitmapPalette;
#endif // wxUSE_PALETTE

    wxMask *      m_bitmapMask; // Optional mask
#ifdef __WXMAC_OSX__
    CGImageRef    CGImageCreate() const ;
#endif

    // returns true if the bitmap has a size that
    // can be natively transferred into a true icon
    // if no is returned GetIconRef will still produce
    // an icon but it will be generated via a PICT and
    // rescaled to 16 x 16
    bool          HasNativeSize() ;

    // caller should increase ref count if needed longer
    // than the bitmap exists
    IconRef       GetIconRef() ;

    // returns a Pict from the bitmap content
    PicHandle     GetPictHandle() ;
    GWorldPtr     GetHBITMAP(GWorldPtr * mask = NULL ) const ;
    void          UpdateAlphaMask() const ;

private :
    bool Create(int width , int height , int depth) ;
    void Init() ;

    int           m_width;
    int           m_height;
    int           m_bytesPerRow ;
    int           m_depth;
    bool          m_hasAlpha;
    wxMemoryBuffer m_memBuf ;
    int           m_rawAccessCount ;
    bool          m_ok;
#ifdef __WXMAC_OSX__
    mutable CGImageRef    m_cgImageRef ;
#endif
    IconRef       m_iconRef ;
    PicHandle     m_pictHandle ;
    GWorldPtr     m_hBitmap;
    GWorldPtr     m_hMaskBitmap ;
    wxMemoryBuffer m_maskMemBuf ;
    int            m_maskBytesPerRow ;
};

class WXDLLEXPORT wxIconRefData : public wxGDIRefData
{
public:
    wxIconRefData() ;
    wxIconRefData( WXHICON ) ;
    virtual ~wxIconRefData() { Free(); }

    void Init() ;
    virtual void Free();

    void SetWidth( int width ) { m_width = width ; }
    void SetHeight( int height ) { m_height = height ; }

    int GetWidth() const { return m_width ; }
    int GetHeight() const { return m_height ; }

    WXHICON GetHICON() const { return (WXHICON) m_iconRef ; }
private :
    IconRef m_iconRef ;
    int m_width ;
    int m_height ;
};

// toplevel.cpp

ControlRef wxMacFindControlUnderMouse( wxTopLevelWindowMac* toplevelWindow, Point location , WindowRef window , ControlPartCode *outPart ) ;

#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
inline Rect* wxMacGetPictureBounds( PicHandle pict , Rect* rect ) 
{ 
    *rect = (**pict).picFrame ; 
    return rect ;
}
#else
inline Rect* wxMacGetPictureBounds( PicHandle pict , Rect* rect ) 
{   
    return QDGetPictureBounds( pict , rect ) ;
}
#endif

#endif // wxUSE_GUI

#define wxMAC_DEFINE_PROC_GETTER( UPP , x ) \
UPP Get##x()                                \
{                                           \
    static UPP sHandler = NULL;             \
    if ( sHandler == NULL )                 \
        sHandler = New##UPP( x );           \
    return sHandler;                        \
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxMac string conversions
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void wxMacSetupConverters() ;
void wxMacCleanupConverters() ;

void wxMacStringToPascal( const wxString&from , StringPtr to ) ;
wxString wxMacMakeStringFromPascal( ConstStringPtr from ) ;

// filefn.cpp

wxString wxMacFSRefToPath( const FSRef *fsRef , CFStringRef additionalPathComponent = NULL ) ;
OSStatus wxMacPathToFSRef( const wxString&path , FSRef *fsRef ) ;
wxString wxMacHFSUniStrToString( ConstHFSUniStr255Param uniname ) ;

#endif
    // _WX_PRIVATE_H_
./include/wx/mac/fontdlg.h0100644000076500001430000000015511052665672014530 0ustar  bhunknown#ifdef __WXMAC_CLASSIC__
#include "wx/mac/classic/fontdlg.h"
#else
#include "wx/mac/carbon/fontdlg.h"
#endif
./src/mac/carbon/bfontdlg.cpp0100644000076500001430000000422311052665134015170 0ustar  bhunknown/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        fontdlg.cpp
// Purpose:     wxFontDialog class for carbon 10.2+.
// Author:      Ryan Norton
// Modified by:
// Created:     1998-01-01
// RCS-ID:      $Id: fontdlg.cpp,v 1.23 2005/05/10 06:28:21 SC Exp $
// Copyright:   (c) Ryan Norton
// Licence:     wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// ===========================================================================
// declarations
// ===========================================================================

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// headers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if defined(__GNUG__) && !defined(NO_GCC_PRAGMA)
#pragma implementation "fontdlg.h"
#endif

// For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx.h".
#include "wx/wxprec.h"

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
    #pragma hdrstop
#endif

#ifndef WX_PRECOMP
    #include "wx/cmndata.h"
#endif

#include "wx/fontdlg.h"
    

#if !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

#undef wxFontDialog

#include "wx/mac/fontdlg.h"

IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxFontDialog, wxDialog)

#include "wx/mac/private.h"

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxFontDialog stub for mac OS's without a native font dialog
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog()
{
    m_dialogParent = NULL;
}

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData&  data)
{
    Create(parent, data);
}

wxFontDialog::~wxFontDialog()
{
    // empty
}

void wxFontDialog::SetData(wxFontData& fontdata)
{
    m_fontData = fontdata;
}

bool wxFontDialog::Create(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data)
{
    m_dialogParent = parent;

    m_fontData = data;

    // TODO: you may need to do dialog creation here, unless it's
    // done in ShowModal.
    return TRUE;
}

bool wxFontDialog::IsShown() const
{
    return false;
}

int wxFontDialog::ShowModal()
{
    // TODO: show (maybe create) the dialog
    return wxID_CANCEL;
}

#endif // 10.2+
./src/mac/carbon/bfontdlgosx.mm0100644000076500001430000002637411052665204015562 0ustar  bhunknown/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        fontdlg.cpp
// Purpose:     wxFontDialog class.
// Author:      Ryan Norton
// Modified by:
// Created:     2004-10-03
// RCS-ID:      $Id: fontdlgosx.mm,v 1.6 2005/07/28 22:08:10 VZ Exp $
// Copyright:   (c) Ryan Norton
// Licence:     wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// ===========================================================================
// declarations
// ===========================================================================

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// headers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "wx/cmndata.h"
#include "wx/fontdlg.h"
#include "wx/fontutil.h"
#include "wx/log.h"
    
// ============================================================================
// implementation
// ============================================================================

//Mac OSX 10.2+ only
#if USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxFontDialog, wxDialog)

// Cocoa headers
#include "wx/cocoa/autorelease.h"
#include "wx/cocoa/string.h"

#import 
#import 
#import 
#import 
#import 

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxWCDelegate - Window Closed delegate
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

@interface wxWCDelegate : NSObject
{
    bool m_bIsClosed;
}

// Delegate methods
- (id)init;
- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender;
- (BOOL)isClosed;
@end // interface wxNSFontPanelDelegate : NSObject

@implementation wxWCDelegate : NSObject

- (id)init
{
    [super init];
    m_bIsClosed = false;

    return self;
}

- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender
{
    m_bIsClosed = true;
    
    [NSApp abortModal];
    [NSApp stopModal];
    return YES;
}

- (BOOL)isClosed
{
    return m_bIsClosed;
}

@end // wxNSFontPanelDelegate

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxWCODelegate - Window Closed or Open delegate
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

@interface wxWCODelegate : NSObject
{
    bool m_bIsClosed;
    bool m_bIsOpen;
}

// Delegate methods
- (id)init;
- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender;
- (void)windowDidUpdate:(NSNotification *)aNotification;
- (BOOL)isClosed;
- (BOOL)isOpen;
@end // interface wxNSFontPanelDelegate : NSObject

@implementation wxWCODelegate : NSObject

- (id)init
{
    [super init];
    m_bIsClosed = false;
    m_bIsOpen = false;

    return self;
}

- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender
{
    m_bIsClosed = true;
    m_bIsOpen = false;
    
    [NSApp abortModal];
    [NSApp stopModal];
    return YES;
}

- (void)windowDidUpdate:(NSNotification *)aNotification
{
    if (m_bIsOpen == NO)
    {
        m_bIsClosed = false;
        m_bIsOpen = true;

        [NSApp abortModal];
        [NSApp stopModal];
    }
}

- (BOOL)isClosed
{
    return m_bIsClosed;
}

- (BOOL)isOpen
{
    return m_bIsOpen;
}

@end // wxNSFontPanelDelegate

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxFontDialog
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog()
{
}

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData&  data)
{
    Create(parent, data);
}

wxFontDialog::~wxFontDialog()
{
}

bool wxFontDialog::Create(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data)
{
    m_fontData = data;

    //
    //	This is the key call - this initializes
    //	events and window stuff for cocoa for carbon
    //	applications.
    //
    //	This is also the only call here that is 
    //	10.2+ specific (the rest is OSX only),
    //	which, ironically, the carbon font
    //	panel requires.
    //
    bool bOK = NSApplicationLoad();

    //autorelease pool - req'd for carbon
    NSAutoreleasePool *thePool;
    thePool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    //Get the initial wx font
    wxFont& thewxfont = m_fontData.m_initialFont;
    
    //if the font is valid set the default (selected) font of the 
    //NSFontDialog to that font
    if (thewxfont.Ok())
    {
        NSFontTraitMask theMask = 0;
    
        if(thewxfont.GetStyle() == wxFONTSTYLE_ITALIC)
            theMask |= NSItalicFontMask;
    
        if(thewxfont.IsFixedWidth())
            theMask |= NSFixedPitchFontMask;

        NSFont* theDefaultFont = 
            [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] fontWithFamily:
                                                    wxNSStringWithWxString(thewxfont.GetFaceName())
                                            traits:theMask
                                            weight:thewxfont.GetWeight() == wxBOLD ? 9 :
                                                    thewxfont.GetWeight() == wxLIGHT ? 0 : 5
                                            size: (float)(thewxfont.GetPointSize())
            ];
            
        wxASSERT_MSG(theDefaultFont, wxT("Invalid default font for wxCocoaFontDialog!"));

        //Apple docs say to call NSFontManager::setSelectedFont
        //However, 10.3 doesn't seem to create the font panel
        //is this is done, so create it ourselves
        [[NSFontPanel sharedFontPanel] setPanelFont:theDefaultFont isMultiple:NO];

    }

    if(m_fontData.m_fontColour.Ok())
        [[NSColorPanel sharedColorPanel] setColor:
            [NSColor colorWithCalibratedRed:m_fontData.m_fontColour.Red() / 255.0
                                        green:m_fontData.m_fontColour.Green() / 255.0
                                        blue:m_fontData.m_fontColour.Blue() / 255.0
                                        alpha:1.0]
        ];
    else
        [[NSColorPanel sharedColorPanel] setColor:[NSColor blackColor]];   
        
    //We're done - free up the pool
    [thePool release];
    
    return bOK;
}

int wxFontDialog::ShowModal()
{    
    //Start the pool.  Required for carbon interaction 
    //(For those curious, the only thing that happens
    //if you don't do this is a bunch of error
    //messages about leaks on the console,
    //with no windows shown or anything).
    NSAutoreleasePool *thePool;
    thePool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    //Get the shared color and font panel
    NSFontPanel* theFontPanel 	= [NSFontPanel sharedFontPanel];
    NSColorPanel* theColorPanel = [NSColorPanel sharedColorPanel];

    //Create and assign the delegates (cocoa event handlers) so
    //we can tell if a window has closed/open or not
    wxWCDelegate* theFPDelegate = [[wxWCDelegate alloc] init];
    [theFontPanel setDelegate:theFPDelegate];

    wxWCODelegate* theCPDelegate = [[wxWCODelegate alloc] init];
    [theColorPanel setDelegate:theCPDelegate];
      
    //
    //	Begin the modal loop for the font and color panels
    //
    //	The idea is that we first make the font panel modal,
    //  but if the color panel is opened, unless we stop the
    //  modal loop the color panel opens behind the font panel
    //  with no input acceptable to it - which makes it useless.
    //
    //	So we set up delegates for both the color and font panels,
    //  and the if the font panel opens the color panel, we 
    //  stop the modal loop, and start a separate modal loop for
    //  the color panel until the color panel closes, switching
    //  back to the font panel modal loop once it does close.
    //
    do
    {
        //
        //	Start the font panel modal loop
        //
        NSModalSession session = [NSApp beginModalSessionForWindow:theFontPanel];
        for (;;) 
        {
            [NSApp runModalSession:session];
            
            //If the font panel is closed or the font panel
            //opened the color panel, break
            if ([theFPDelegate isClosed] || [theCPDelegate isOpen])
                break;
        }
        [NSApp endModalSession:session];
        
        //is the color panel open?
        if ([theCPDelegate isOpen])
        {
            //
            //	Start the color panel modal loop
            //
            NSModalSession session = [NSApp beginModalSessionForWindow:theColorPanel];
            for (;;) 
            {
                [NSApp runModalSession:session];
                
                //If the color panel is closed, return the font panel modal loop
                if ([theCPDelegate isClosed])
                    break;
            }
            [NSApp endModalSession:session];
        }
        //If the font panel is still alive (I.E. we broke
        //out of its modal loop because the color panel was
        //opened) return the font panel modal loop
    }while([theFPDelegate isClosed] == NO);
    
    //free up the memory for the delegates - we don't need them anymore
    [theFPDelegate release];
    [theCPDelegate release];
    
    //Get the font the user selected
    NSFont* theFont = [theFontPanel panelConvertFont:[NSFont userFontOfSize:0]];      
    
    //Get more information about the user's chosen font
    NSFontTraitMask theTraits = [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] traitsOfFont:theFont];
    int theFontWeight = [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] weightOfFont:theFont];
    int theFontSize = (int) [theFont pointSize];
    
    //Set the wx font to the appropriate data
    if(theTraits & NSFixedPitchFontMask)
        m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetFamily(wxTELETYPE);
       
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetFaceName(wxStringWithNSString([theFont familyName]));
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetPointSize(theFontSize);
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetStyle(theTraits & NSItalicFontMask ? wxFONTSTYLE_ITALIC : 0);
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetWeight(theFontWeight < 5 ? wxLIGHT :
                                    theFontWeight >= 9 ? wxBOLD : wxNORMAL);    
                                        
    //Get the shared color panel along with the chosen color and set the chosen color
    NSColor* theColor = [[theColorPanel color] colorUsingColorSpaceName:NSCalibratedRGBColorSpace];
                                    
    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Set((unsigned char) ([theColor redComponent] * 255.0),
                                (unsigned char) ([theColor greenComponent] * 255.0),
                                (unsigned char) ([theColor blueComponent] * 255.0));

    //Friendly debug stuff
#ifdef FONTDLGDEBUG
    wxPrintf(wxT("---Font Panel---\n--NS--\nSize:%f\nWeight:%i\nTraits:%i\n--WX--\nFaceName:%s\nPointSize:%i\nStyle:%i\nWeight:%i\nColor:%i,%i,%i\n---END Font Panel---\n"), 
    
                (float) theFontSize,
                theFontWeight,
                theTraits,
                
                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetFaceName().c_str(),
                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetPointSize(),
                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetStyle(),
                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetWeight(),
                    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Red(), 
                    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Green(), 
                    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Blue() );
#endif

    //Release the pool, we're done :)
    [thePool release];

    //Return ID_OK - there are no "apply" buttons or the like
    //on either the font or color panel
    return wxID_OK;
}

//old api stuff (REMOVE ME)
bool wxFontDialog::IsShown() const
{
    return false;
}

#endif // 10.2+
./src/mac/carbon/fontdlg.cpp0100644000076500001430000006357511052677171015051 0ustar  bhunknown/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        src/mac/carbon/fontdlg.cpp
// Purpose:     wxFontDialog class for carbon 10.2+.
// Author:      Ryan Norton
// Modified by:
// Created:     1998-01-01
// RCS-ID:      $Id: fontdlg.cpp,v 1.39 2006/10/21 16:39:41 VZ Exp $
// Copyright:   (c) Ryan Norton
// Licence:     wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// ===========================================================================
// declarations
// ===========================================================================

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// headers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx.h".
#include "wx/wxprec.h"

#if wxUSE_FONTDLG

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
    #pragma hdrstop
#endif

#ifndef WX_PRECOMP
    #include "wx/intl.h"
    #include "wx/wxchar.h"
    #include "wx/dcclient.h"
    #include "wx/frame.h"
    #include "wx/textctrl.h"
    #include "wx/listbox.h"
    #include "wx/checkbox.h"
    #include "wx/choice.h"
    #include "wx/sizer.h"
    #include "wx/stattext.h"
    #include "wx/button.h"
#endif

#include "wx/mac/carbon/fontdlg.h"
//#include "wx/fontdlg.h"

#if wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG

IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxFontDialog, wxDialog)

#include "wx/mac/private.h"

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxFontDialog
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

static const EventTypeSpec eventList[] =
{
    { kEventClassFont, kEventFontSelection } ,
} ;


pascal OSStatus wxMacCarbonFontPanelHandler(EventHandlerCallRef nextHandler, EventRef event, void *userData)
{
    OSStatus result = eventNotHandledErr ;
    wxFontDialog *fontdialog = (wxFontDialog*) userData ;
    wxFontData& fontdata= fontdialog->GetFontData() ;

    wxMacCarbonEvent cEvent( event );
    switch(cEvent.GetKind())
    {
        case kEventFontSelection :
        {
            ATSUFontID fontId = 0 ;
            if ( cEvent.GetParameter(kEventParamATSUFontID, &fontId) == noErr )
            {
                FMFontStyle fontStyle = cEvent.GetParameter(kEventParamFMFontStyle);
                FMFontSize fontSize = cEvent.GetParameter(kEventParamFMFontSize);

                CFStringRef cfName = NULL;
#if 1
                FMFontFamily fontFamily = cEvent.GetParameter(kEventParamFMFontFamily);
                ATSFontFamilyRef atsfontfamilyref = FMGetATSFontFamilyRefFromFontFamily( fontFamily ) ;
                OSStatus err = ATSFontFamilyGetName( atsfontfamilyref , kATSOptionFlagsDefault , &cfName ) ;
                wxASSERT_MSG( err == noErr , wxT("ATSFontFamilyGetName failed") );
#else
                // we don't use the ATSU naming anymore
                ByteCount actualLength = 0;
                char *c = NULL;
                OSStatus err = ATSUFindFontName(fontId , kFontFamilyName, kFontUnicodePlatform, kFontNoScriptCode,
                    kFontNoLanguageCode , 0 , NULL , &actualLength , NULL );
                if ( err == noErr)
                {
                    actualLength += 1 ;
                    char *c = (char*)malloc( actualLength );
                    err = ATSUFindFontName(fontId, kFontFamilyName, kFontUnicodePlatform, kFontNoScriptCode,
                        kFontNoLanguageCode, actualLength, c , NULL, NULL);
                    cfName = CFStringCreateWithCharacters(NULL, (UniChar*) c, (actualLength-1) >> 1);
                }
                else
                {
                    err = ATSUFindFontName(fontId , kFontFamilyName, kFontNoPlatformCode, kFontNoScriptCode,
                    kFontNoLanguageCode , 0 , NULL , &actualLength , NULL );
                    if ( err == noErr )
                    {
                        actualLength += 1 ;
                        c = (char*)malloc(actualLength);
                        err = ATSUFindFontName(fontId, kFontFamilyName, kFontNoPlatformCode, kFontNoScriptCode,
                            kFontNoLanguageCode, actualLength, c , NULL, NULL);
                        c[actualLength-1] = 0;
                        cfName = CFStringCreateWithCString(NULL, c, kCFStringEncodingMacRoman );
                    }
                }
                if ( c!=NULL )
                    free(c);
#endif
                 
                if ( cfName!=NULL )
                {
                    fontdata.m_chosenFont.SetFaceName(wxMacCFStringHolder(cfName).AsString(wxLocale::GetSystemEncoding()));
                    fontdata.m_chosenFont.SetPointSize(fontSize);
                    fontdata.m_chosenFont.SetStyle(fontStyle & italic ? wxFONTSTYLE_ITALIC : wxFONTSTYLE_NORMAL);
                    fontdata.m_chosenFont.SetUnderlined((fontStyle & underline)!=0);
                    fontdata.m_chosenFont.SetWeight(fontStyle & bold ? wxFONTWEIGHT_BOLD : wxFONTWEIGHT_NORMAL);
                }
            }

            RGBColor fontColor ;
            if ( cEvent.GetParameter(kEventParamFontColor, &fontColor) == noErr )
                int a = 1; //fontdata.m_fontColour.FromRGBColor((WXCOLORREF*) &fontColor);
            else
            {
                CFDictionaryRef dict ;
                if ( cEvent.GetParameter(kEventParamDictionary, &dict) == noErr )
                {
                    CFDictionaryRef attributesDict ;
                    if ( CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(dict, kFontPanelAttributesKey, (const void **)&attributesDict) )
                    {
                        CFDataRef tagsData;
                        CFDataRef sizesData;
                        CFDataRef valuesData;
                        if ( CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(attributesDict, kFontPanelAttributeTagsKey, (const void **)&tagsData) &&
                             CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(attributesDict, kFontPanelAttributeSizesKey, (const void **)&sizesData) &&
                             CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(attributesDict, kFontPanelAttributeValuesKey, (const void **)&valuesData) )
                        {
                            ItemCount count = CFDataGetLength(tagsData)/sizeof(ATSUAttributeTag);
                            ATSUAttributeTag *tagPtr = (ATSUAttributeTag *)CFDataGetBytePtr(tagsData);
                            ByteCount *sizePtr = (ByteCount *)CFDataGetBytePtr(sizesData);
                            UInt32 *bytePtr = (UInt32*)CFDataGetBytePtr(valuesData);
                            ATSUAttributeValuePtr valuesPtr = bytePtr ;
                            for ( ItemCount i = 0 ; i < count ; ++i)
                            {
                                if ( tagPtr[i] == kATSUColorTag && sizePtr[i] == sizeof(RGBColor))
                                {
                                    int a = 1; //fontdata.m_fontColour.FromRGBColor((WXCOLORREF*) valuesPtr);
                                    break ;
                                }
                                bytePtr = (UInt32*)( (UInt8*)bytePtr + sizePtr[i]);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
            break ;
    } ;

    return result ;
}

DEFINE_ONE_SHOT_HANDLER_GETTER( wxMacCarbonFontPanelHandler )

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog()
{
}

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData&  data)
{
    Create(parent, data);
}

wxFontDialog::~wxFontDialog()
{
}

bool wxFontDialog::Create(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data)
{
    m_fontData = data;
    return true ;
}

int wxFontDialog::ShowModal()
{
    OSStatus err ;
    wxFont font = *wxNORMAL_FONT ;
    if ( m_fontData.m_initialFont.Ok() )
    {
        font = m_fontData.m_initialFont ;
    }

    ATSUStyle style = (ATSUStyle)font.MacGetATSUStyle();
    err = SetFontInfoForSelection (kFontSelectionATSUIType,1, &style , NULL);
    // just clicking on ENTER will not send us any font setting event, therefore we have to make sure
    // that field is already correct
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont = font ;

    EventHandlerRef handler ;

    err = InstallApplicationEventHandler( GetwxMacCarbonFontPanelHandlerUPP(), GetEventTypeCount(eventList), eventList, this , &handler );

    if ( !FPIsFontPanelVisible() )
        FPShowHideFontPanel();

    int retval = RunMixedFontDialog(this);

    ::RemoveEventHandler(handler);

    return retval ;
}

#else

#if !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

#undef wxFontDialog

#include "wx/mac/fontdlg.h"

#include "wx/fontenum.h"
#include "wx/colordlg.h"
#include "wx/spinctrl.h"

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxFontDialog stub for mac OS's without a native font dialog
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

static const wxChar *FontFamilyIntToString(int family);
static int FontFamilyStringToInt(const wxChar *family);


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// helper class - wxFontPreviewCtrl
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class WXDLLEXPORT wxFontPreviewCtrl : public wxWindow
{
public:
    wxFontPreviewCtrl(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id = wxID_ANY, const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition, const wxSize& sz = wxDefaultSize, long style = 0) :
        wxWindow(parent, id, pos, sz, style)
    {
        SetBackgroundColour(*wxWHITE);
    }

private:
    void OnPaint(wxPaintEvent& event);
    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};

BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(wxFontPreviewCtrl, wxWindow)
    EVT_PAINT(wxFontPreviewCtrl::OnPaint)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

void wxFontPreviewCtrl::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
{
    wxPaintDC dc(this);

    wxSize size = GetSize();
    wxFont font = GetFont();

    if ( font.Ok() )
    {
        dc.SetFont(font);
        // Calculate vertical centre
        long w = 0, h = 0;
        dc.GetTextExtent( wxT("X"), &w, &h);
        dc.SetTextForeground(GetForegroundColour());
        dc.SetClippingRegion(2, 2, size.x-4, size.y-4);
        dc.DrawText(_("ABCDEFGabcdefg12345"),
                     10, size.y/2 - h/2);
        dc.DestroyClippingRegion();
    }
}

/*
 * A control for displaying a small preview of a colour or bitmap
 */

class wxFontColourSwatchCtrl: public wxControl
{
    DECLARE_CLASS(wxFontColourSwatchCtrl)
public:
    wxFontColourSwatchCtrl(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition, const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize, long style = 0);
    virtual ~wxFontColourSwatchCtrl();

    void OnPaint(wxPaintEvent& event);
    void OnMouseEvent(wxMouseEvent& event);

    void SetColour(const wxColour& colour) { m_colour = colour; SetBackgroundColour(m_colour); }

    wxColour& GetColour() { return m_colour; }

    virtual wxSize DoGetBestSize() const { return GetSize(); }

protected:
    wxColour    m_colour;

DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};

/*
 * A control for displaying a small preview of a colour or bitmap
 */

BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(wxFontColourSwatchCtrl, wxControl)
    EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS(wxFontColourSwatchCtrl::OnMouseEvent)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

IMPLEMENT_CLASS(wxFontColourSwatchCtrl, wxControl)

wxFontColourSwatchCtrl::wxFontColourSwatchCtrl(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size, long style):
    wxControl(parent, id, pos, size, style)
{
    SetColour(* wxWHITE);
    SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_COLOUR);
}

wxFontColourSwatchCtrl::~wxFontColourSwatchCtrl()
{
}

void wxFontColourSwatchCtrl::OnMouseEvent(wxMouseEvent& event)
{
    if (event.LeftDown())
    {
        wxWindow* parent = GetParent();
        while (parent != NULL && !parent->IsKindOf(CLASSINFO(wxDialog)) && !parent->IsKindOf(CLASSINFO(wxFrame)))
            parent = parent->GetParent();

        wxColourData data;
        data.SetChooseFull(true);
        data.SetColour(m_colour);
        wxColourDialog *dialog = new wxColourDialog(parent, &data);
        // Crashes on wxMac (no m_peer)
#ifndef __WXMAC__
        dialog->SetTitle(_("Background colour"));
#endif
        if (dialog->ShowModal() == wxID_OK)
        {
            wxColourData retData = dialog->GetColourData();
            m_colour = retData.GetColour();
            SetBackgroundColour(m_colour);
        }
        dialog->Destroy();
        Refresh();

        wxCommandEvent event(wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, GetId());
        GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(event);
    }
}

/*!
 * wxFontDialog type definition
 */

IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( wxFontDialog, wxDialog )

/*!
 * wxFontDialog event table definition
 */

BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE( wxFontDialog, wxDialog )
    EVT_LISTBOX( wxID_FONTDIALOG_FACENAME, wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogFacenameSelected )
    EVT_SPINCTRL( wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE, wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogFontsizeUpdated )
    EVT_TEXT( wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE, wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogFontsizeTextUpdated )
    EVT_CHECKBOX( wxID_FONTDIALOG_BOLD, wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogBoldClick )
    EVT_CHECKBOX( wxID_FONTDIALOG_ITALIC, wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogItalicClick )
    EVT_CHECKBOX( wxID_FONTDIALOG_UNDERLINED, wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogUnderlinedClick )
    EVT_BUTTON( wxID_OK, wxFontDialog::OnOkClick )
    EVT_BUTTON(wxID_FONTDIALOG_COLOUR, wxFontDialog::OnColourChanged)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

/*!
 * wxFontDialog constructors
 */

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog( )
{
    m_dialogParent = NULL;
}

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog(wxWindow* parent, const wxFontData& fontData)
{
    m_dialogParent = NULL;

    Create(parent, fontData);
}

wxFontDialog::~wxFontDialog()
{
    // empty
}

/*!
 * wxFontDialog creator
 */

bool wxFontDialog::Create(wxWindow* parent, const wxFontData& fontData)
{
    m_fontData = fontData;
    m_suppressUpdates = false;

    wxString caption = _("Font");

    m_facenameCtrl = NULL;
    m_sizeCtrl = NULL;
    m_boldCtrl = NULL;
    m_italicCtrl = NULL;
    m_underlinedCtrl = NULL;
    m_colourCtrl = NULL;
    m_previewCtrl = NULL;

    InitializeFont();

    SetExtraStyle(GetExtraStyle()|wxWS_EX_BLOCK_EVENTS);
    wxDialog::Create( parent, wxID_ANY, caption, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxDEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE|wxRESIZE_BORDER );

    CreateControls();
    GetSizer()->Fit(this);
    GetSizer()->SetSizeHints(this);
    Centre();

    return true;
}

/*!
 * Control creation for wxFontDialog
 */

void wxFontDialog::CreateControls()
{
    wxFontDialog* itemDialog1 = this;

    wxBoxSizer* itemBoxSizer2 = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
    itemDialog1->SetSizer(itemBoxSizer2);

    wxBoxSizer* itemBoxSizer3 = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
    itemBoxSizer2->Add(itemBoxSizer3, 1, wxGROW|wxALL, 5);

    wxFlexGridSizer* itemFlexGridSizer4 = new wxFlexGridSizer(6, 2, 10, 0);
    itemFlexGridSizer4->AddGrowableRow(4);
    itemFlexGridSizer4->AddGrowableCol(1);
    itemBoxSizer3->Add(itemFlexGridSizer4, 1, wxGROW|wxALL, 5);

    wxStaticText* itemStaticText5 = new wxStaticText( itemDialog1, wxID_STATIC, _("Font:"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0 );
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(itemStaticText5, 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT|wxALIGN_TOP|wxALL|wxADJUST_MINSIZE, 5);

    wxBoxSizer* itemBoxSizer6 = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(itemBoxSizer6, 0, wxGROW|wxGROW, 5);

    wxString* m_facenameCtrlStrings = NULL;
    m_facenameCtrl = new wxListBox( itemDialog1, wxID_FONTDIALOG_FACENAME, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(320, 100), 0, m_facenameCtrlStrings, wxLB_SINGLE );
    itemBoxSizer6->Add(m_facenameCtrl, 0, wxGROW|wxALL, 5);

    wxStaticText* itemStaticText8 = new wxStaticText( itemDialog1, wxID_STATIC, _("Size:"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0 );
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(itemStaticText8, 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT|wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL|wxADJUST_MINSIZE, 5);

    m_sizeCtrl = new wxSpinCtrl( itemDialog1, wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE, _T("12"), wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(60, -1), wxSP_ARROW_KEYS, 1, 300, 12 );
    m_sizeCtrl->SetHelpText(_("The font size in points."));
    if (ShowToolTips())
        m_sizeCtrl->SetToolTip(_("The font size in points."));
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(m_sizeCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_LEFT|wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);

    wxStaticText* itemStaticText10 = new wxStaticText( itemDialog1, wxID_STATIC, _("Style:"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0 );
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(itemStaticText10, 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT|wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL|wxADJUST_MINSIZE, 5);

    wxBoxSizer* itemBoxSizer11 = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(itemBoxSizer11, 0, wxALIGN_LEFT|wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL, 5);

    m_boldCtrl = new wxCheckBox( itemDialog1, wxID_FONTDIALOG_BOLD, _("Bold"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxCHK_2STATE );
    m_boldCtrl->SetValue(false);
    m_boldCtrl->SetHelpText(_("Check to make the font bold."));
    if (ShowToolTips())
        m_boldCtrl->SetToolTip(_("Check to make the font bold."));
    itemBoxSizer11->Add(m_boldCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);

    m_italicCtrl = new wxCheckBox( itemDialog1, wxID_FONTDIALOG_ITALIC, _("Italic"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxCHK_2STATE );
    m_italicCtrl->SetValue(false);
    m_italicCtrl->SetHelpText(_("Check to make the font italic."));
    if (ShowToolTips())
        m_italicCtrl->SetToolTip(_("Check to make the font italic."));
    itemBoxSizer11->Add(m_italicCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);

    if (m_fontData.GetEnableEffects())
    {
        m_underlinedCtrl = new wxCheckBox( itemDialog1, wxID_FONTDIALOG_UNDERLINED, _("Underlined"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxCHK_2STATE );
        m_underlinedCtrl->SetValue(false);
        m_underlinedCtrl->SetHelpText(_("Check to make the font underlined."));
        if (ShowToolTips())
            m_underlinedCtrl->SetToolTip(_("Check to make the font underlined."));
        itemBoxSizer11->Add(m_underlinedCtrl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);
    }

    if (m_fontData.GetEnableEffects())
    {
        wxStaticText* itemStaticText15 = new wxStaticText( itemDialog1, wxID_STATIC, _("Colour:"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0 );
        itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(itemStaticText15, 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT|wxALIGN_TOP|wxALL|wxADJUST_MINSIZE, 5);

        m_colourCtrl = new wxFontColourSwatchCtrl( itemDialog1, wxID_FONTDIALOG_COLOUR, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 30), wxSUNKEN_BORDER|wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
        m_colourCtrl->SetHelpText(_("Click to change the font colour."));
        if (ShowToolTips())
            m_colourCtrl->SetToolTip(_("Click to change the font colour."));
        itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(m_colourCtrl, 0, wxGROW|wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);
    }

    wxStaticText* itemStaticText17 = new wxStaticText( itemDialog1, wxID_STATIC, _("Preview:"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0 );
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(itemStaticText17, 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT|wxALIGN_TOP|wxALL|wxADJUST_MINSIZE, 5);

    m_previewCtrl = new wxFontPreviewCtrl( itemDialog1, wxID_FONTDIALOG_PREVIEW, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 70), wxSUNKEN_BORDER|wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
    m_previewCtrl->SetHelpText(_("Shows a preview of the font."));
    if (ShowToolTips())
        m_previewCtrl->SetToolTip(_("Shows a preview of the font."));
    itemFlexGridSizer4->Add(m_previewCtrl, 1, wxGROW|wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);

    wxBoxSizer* itemBoxSizer19 = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
    itemBoxSizer3->Add(itemBoxSizer19, 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT|wxALL, 5);

    wxButton* itemButton20 = new wxButton( itemDialog1, wxID_CANCEL, _("&Cancel"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0 );
    itemButton20->SetHelpText(_("Click to cancel changes to the font."));
    if (ShowToolTips())
        itemButton20->SetToolTip(_("Click to cancel changes to the font."));
    itemBoxSizer19->Add(itemButton20, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);

    wxButton* itemButton21 = new wxButton( itemDialog1, wxID_OK, _("&OK"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0 );
    itemButton21->SetDefault();
    itemButton21->SetHelpText(_("Click to confirm changes to the font."));
    if (ShowToolTips())
        itemButton21->SetToolTip(_("Click to confirm changes to the font."));
    itemBoxSizer19->Add(itemButton21, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL|wxALL, 5);

    wxFontEnumerator enumerator;
    enumerator.EnumerateFacenames();
    wxArrayString facenames = enumerator.GetFacenames();
    if (facenames)
    {
        facenames.Add(_(""));
        facenames.Add(_(""));
        facenames.Add(_(""));
        facenames.Add(_(""));
        facenames.Add(_(""));
        facenames.Add(_(""));
        facenames.Add(_(""));
        facenames.Sort();
        m_facenameCtrl->Append(facenames);
    }

    InitializeControls();
    m_previewCtrl->SetFont(m_dialogFont);
    if (m_fontData.GetColour().Ok())
    {
        m_previewCtrl->SetForegroundColour(m_fontData.GetColour());
    }
    m_previewCtrl->Refresh();
}

/*!
 * wxEVT_COMMAND_SPINCTRL_UPDATED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE
 */

void wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogFontsizeUpdated( wxSpinEvent& WXUNUSED(event) )
{
    ChangeFont();
}

/*!
 * wxEVT_COMMAND_TEXT_UPDATED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_FONTSIZE
 */

void wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogFontsizeTextUpdated( wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event) )
{
    ChangeFont();
}

/*!
 * wxEVT_COMMAND_CHECKBOX_CLICKED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_BOLD
 */

void wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogBoldClick( wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event) )
{
    ChangeFont();
}

/*!
 * wxEVT_COMMAND_CHECKBOX_CLICKED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_ITALIC
 */

void wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogItalicClick( wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event) )
{
    ChangeFont();
}

/*!
 * wxEVT_COMMAND_CHECKBOX_CLICKED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_UNDERLINED
 */

void wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogUnderlinedClick( wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event) )
{
    ChangeFont();
}

/*!
 * wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED event handler for wxID_OK
 */

void wxFontDialog::OnOkClick( wxCommandEvent& event )
{
    event.Skip();
}


/*!
 * wxEVT_COMMAND_LISTBOX_SELECTED event handler for wxID_FONTDIALOG_FACENAME
 */

void wxFontDialog::OnFontdialogFacenameSelected( wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event) )
{
    ChangeFont();
}

void wxFontDialog::OnColourChanged(wxCommandEvent & WXUNUSED(event))
{
    m_fontData.SetColour(m_colourCtrl->GetColour());
    m_previewCtrl->SetForegroundColour(m_colourCtrl->GetColour());
    m_previewCtrl->Refresh();
}

/*!
 * Should we show tooltips?
 */

bool wxFontDialog::ShowToolTips()
{
    return true;
}

void wxFontDialog::InitializeFont()
{
    int fontFamily = wxSWISS;
    int fontWeight = wxNORMAL;
    int fontStyle = wxNORMAL;
    int fontSize = 12;
    bool fontUnderline = false;
    wxString fontName;

    if (m_fontData.m_initialFont.Ok())
    {
        fontFamily = m_fontData.m_initialFont.GetFamily();
        fontWeight = m_fontData.m_initialFont.GetWeight();
        fontStyle = m_fontData.m_initialFont.GetStyle();
        fontSize = m_fontData.m_initialFont.GetPointSize();
        fontUnderline = m_fontData.m_initialFont.GetUnderlined();
        fontName = m_fontData.m_initialFont.GetFaceName();
    }

    m_dialogFont = wxFont(fontSize, fontFamily, fontStyle,
                          fontWeight, fontUnderline, fontName);

    if (m_previewCtrl)
        m_previewCtrl->SetFont(m_dialogFont);

    m_fontData.SetChosenFont(m_dialogFont);
}

/// Set controls according to current font
void wxFontDialog::InitializeControls()
{
    m_suppressUpdates = true;

    if (m_underlinedCtrl)
        m_underlinedCtrl->SetValue(m_dialogFont.GetUnderlined());

    m_boldCtrl->SetValue(m_dialogFont.GetWeight() == wxBOLD);
    m_italicCtrl->SetValue(m_dialogFont.GetStyle() == wxITALIC);
    m_sizeCtrl->SetValue(m_dialogFont.GetPointSize());

    wxString facename = m_dialogFont.GetFaceName();
    if (facename.empty() || m_facenameCtrl->FindString(facename) == wxNOT_FOUND)
    {
        facename = FontFamilyIntToString(m_dialogFont.GetFamily());
    }
    m_facenameCtrl->SetStringSelection(facename);

    if (m_colourCtrl && m_fontData.GetColour().Ok())
    {
        m_colourCtrl->SetColour(m_fontData.GetColour());
        m_colourCtrl->Refresh();
    }

    m_suppressUpdates = false;
}

/// Respond to font change
void wxFontDialog::ChangeFont()
{
    if (m_suppressUpdates)
        return;

    bool underlined = m_underlinedCtrl ? m_underlinedCtrl->GetValue() : false;
    bool italic = m_italicCtrl->GetValue();
    bool bold = m_boldCtrl->GetValue();
    int size = m_sizeCtrl->GetValue();
    wxString facename = m_facenameCtrl->GetStringSelection();

    int family = FontFamilyStringToInt(facename);
    if (family == -1)
        family = wxDEFAULT;
    else
        facename = wxEmptyString;

    m_dialogFont = wxFont(size, family, italic ? wxITALIC : wxNORMAL, bold ? wxBOLD : wxNORMAL,
        underlined, facename);

    m_fontData.SetChosenFont(m_dialogFont);

    m_previewCtrl->SetFont(m_dialogFont);
    m_previewCtrl->Refresh();
}

void wxFontDialog::SetData(const wxFontData& fontdata)
{
    m_fontData = fontdata;
}

bool wxFontDialog::IsShown() const
{
    return false;
}

int wxFontDialog::ShowModal()
{
    return wxDialog::ShowModal();
}

void wxFontDialog::OnPanelClose()
{
}

const wxChar *FontFamilyIntToString(int family)
{
    switch (family)
    {
        case wxROMAN:
            return _("");
        case wxDECORATIVE:
            return _("");
        case wxMODERN:
            return _("");
        case wxSCRIPT:
            return _("");
        case wxTELETYPE:
            return _("");
        case wxSWISS:
        default:
            return _("");
    }
}

int FontFamilyStringToInt(const wxChar *family)
{
    if (!family)
        return wxSWISS;

    if (wxStrcmp(family, _("")) == 0)
        return wxROMAN;
    else if (wxStrcmp(family, _("")) == 0)
        return wxDECORATIVE;
    else if (wxStrcmp(family, _("")) == 0)
        return wxMODERN;
    else if (wxStrcmp(family, _("")) == 0)
        return wxSCRIPT;
    else if (wxStrcmp(family, _("")) == 0)
        return wxTELETYPE;
    else if (wxStrcmp(family, _("")) == 0)
        return wxSWISS;
    else return -1;
}

#endif // !USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

#endif // wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG

#endif // wxUSE_FONTDLG
./src/mac/carbon/fontdlgosx.mm0100644000076500001430000003601311052677173015417 0ustar  bhunknown/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        src/mac/carbon/fontdlgosx.cpp
// Purpose:     wxFontDialog class.
// Author:      Ryan Norton
// Modified by:
// Created:     2004-10-03
// RCS-ID:      $Id: fontdlgosx.mm,v 1.13 2006/05/25 21:08:01 ABX Exp $
// Copyright:   (c) Ryan Norton
// Licence:     wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "wx/wxprec.h"

// ===========================================================================
// declarations
// ===========================================================================

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// headers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "wx/mac/carbon/fontdlg.h"
//#include "wx/fontdlg.h"

#ifndef WX_PRECOMP
    #include "wx/intl.h"
    #include "wx/log.h"
    #include "wx/cmndata.h"
#endif

#include "wx/fontutil.h"

// ============================================================================
// implementation
// ============================================================================


#include "wx/cocoa/autorelease.h"
#include "wx/cocoa/string.h"

#if wxMAC_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FONTDIALOG

#import 
#import 

#include "wx/mac/uma.h"

@interface wxMacFontPanelAccView : NSView
{
    BOOL m_okPressed ;
    BOOL m_shouldClose ;
    NSButton* m_cancelButton ;
    NSButton* m_okButton ;
}

- (IBAction)cancelPressed:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)okPressed:(id)sender;
- (void)resetFlags;
- (BOOL)closedWithOk;
- (BOOL)shouldCloseCarbon;
- (NSButton*)okButton;
@end

@implementation wxMacFontPanelAccView : NSView
- (id)initWithFrame:(NSRect)rectBox
{
    [super initWithFrame:rectBox];

    wxMacCFStringHolder cfOkString( wxT("OK"), wxLocale::GetSystemEncoding() );
    wxMacCFStringHolder cfCancelString( wxT("Cancel"), wxLocale::GetSystemEncoding() );

    NSRect rectCancel = NSMakeRect( 10.0 , 10.0 , 82  , 24 );
    NSRect rectOK = NSMakeRect( 100.0 , 10.0 , 82  , 24 );

    NSButton* cancelButton = [[NSButton alloc] initWithFrame:rectCancel];
    [cancelButton setTitle:(NSString*)cfCancelString.Detach()];
    [cancelButton setBezelStyle:NSRoundedBezelStyle];
    [cancelButton setButtonType:NSMomentaryPushInButton];
    [cancelButton setAction:@selector(cancelPressed:)];
    [cancelButton setTarget:self];
    m_cancelButton = cancelButton ;

    NSButton* okButton = [[NSButton alloc] initWithFrame:rectOK];
    [okButton setTitle:(NSString*)cfOkString.Detach()];
    [okButton setBezelStyle:NSRoundedBezelStyle];
    [okButton setButtonType:NSMomentaryPushInButton];
    [okButton setAction:@selector(okPressed:)];
    [okButton setTarget:self];
    // doesn't help either, the button is not highlighted after a color dialog has been used
    // [okButton setKeyEquivalent:@"\r"];
    m_okButton = okButton ;


    [self addSubview:cancelButton];
    [self addSubview:okButton];

    [self resetFlags];
    return self;
}

- (void)resetFlags
{
    m_okPressed = NO ;
    m_shouldClose = NO ;
}

- (IBAction)cancelPressed:(id)sender
{
    m_shouldClose = YES ;
    [NSApp stopModal];
}

- (IBAction)okPressed:(id)sender
{
    m_okPressed = YES ;
    m_shouldClose = YES ;
    [NSApp stopModal];
}

-(BOOL)closedWithOk
{
    return m_okPressed ;
}

-(BOOL)shouldCloseCarbon
{
    return m_shouldClose ;
}

-(NSButton*)okButton
{
    return m_okButton ;
}
@end


extern "C" int RunMixedFontDialog(wxFontDialog* dialog) ;

int RunMixedFontDialog(wxFontDialog* dialog)
{
    int retval = wxID_CANCEL ;

    bool cocoaLoaded = NSApplicationLoad();
    wxASSERT_MSG(cocoaLoaded,wxT("Couldn't load Cocoa in Carbon Environment")) ;

    wxAutoNSAutoreleasePool pool;

    // setting up the ok/cancel buttons
    NSFontPanel* fontPanel = [NSFontPanel sharedFontPanel] ;

    // adjust modality for carbon environment
    WindowRef carbonWindowRef = (WindowRef)[fontPanel windowRef] ;
    SetWindowModality(carbonWindowRef, kWindowModalityAppModal , 0) ;
    SetWindowGroup(carbonWindowRef , GetWindowGroupOfClass(kMovableModalWindowClass));

    [fontPanel setFloatingPanel:NO] ;
    [[fontPanel standardWindowButton:NSWindowCloseButton] setEnabled:NO] ;

    wxMacFontPanelAccView* accessoryView = (wxMacFontPanelAccView*) [fontPanel accessoryView] ;
    if ( accessoryView == nil)
    {
        NSRect rectBox = NSMakeRect( 0 , 0 , 192 , 40 );
        accessoryView = [[wxMacFontPanelAccView alloc] initWithFrame:rectBox];
        [fontPanel setAccessoryView:accessoryView];

        [fontPanel setDefaultButtonCell:[[accessoryView okButton] cell]] ;
    }

    [accessoryView resetFlags];

    NSModalSession session = [NSApp beginModalSessionForWindow:fontPanel];

    [NSApp runModalSession:session];

    [NSApp endModalSession:session];

    // if we don't reenable it, FPShowHideFontPanel does not work
    [[fontPanel standardWindowButton:NSWindowCloseButton] setEnabled:YES] ;
    if( FPIsFontPanelVisible())
        FPShowHideFontPanel() ;

    if ( [accessoryView closedWithOk])
    {
        retval = wxID_OK ;
    }


    return retval ;
}

#else

#if USE_NATIVE_FONT_DIALOG_FOR_MACOSX

IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxFontDialog, wxDialog)

// Cocoa headers

#import 
#import 
#import 
#import 
#import 

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxWCDelegate - Window Closed delegate
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

@interface wxWCDelegate : NSObject
{
    bool m_bIsClosed;
}

// Delegate methods
- (id)init;
- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender;
- (BOOL)isClosed;
@end // interface wxNSFontPanelDelegate : NSObject

@implementation wxWCDelegate : NSObject

- (id)init
{
    [super init];
    m_bIsClosed = false;

    return self;
}

- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender
{
    m_bIsClosed = true;

    [NSApp abortModal];
    [NSApp stopModal];
    return YES;
}

- (BOOL)isClosed
{
    return m_bIsClosed;
}

@end // wxNSFontPanelDelegate

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxWCODelegate - Window Closed or Open delegate
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

@interface wxWCODelegate : NSObject
{
    bool m_bIsClosed;
    bool m_bIsOpen;
}

// Delegate methods
- (id)init;
- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender;
- (void)windowDidUpdate:(NSNotification *)aNotification;
- (BOOL)isClosed;
- (BOOL)isOpen;
@end // interface wxNSFontPanelDelegate : NSObject

@implementation wxWCODelegate : NSObject

- (id)init
{
    [super init];
    m_bIsClosed = false;
    m_bIsOpen = false;

    return self;
}

- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender
{
    m_bIsClosed = true;
    m_bIsOpen = false;

    [NSApp abortModal];
    [NSApp stopModal];
    return YES;
}

- (void)windowDidUpdate:(NSNotification *)aNotification
{
    if (m_bIsOpen == NO)
    {
        m_bIsClosed = false;
        m_bIsOpen = true;

        [NSApp abortModal];
        [NSApp stopModal];
    }
}

- (BOOL)isClosed
{
    return m_bIsClosed;
}

- (BOOL)isOpen
{
    return m_bIsOpen;
}

@end // wxNSFontPanelDelegate

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxFontDialog
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog()
{
}

wxFontDialog::wxFontDialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData&  data)
{
    Create(parent, data);
}

wxFontDialog::~wxFontDialog()
{
}

bool wxFontDialog::Create(wxWindow *parent, const wxFontData& data)
{
    m_fontData = data;

    //
    //  This is the key call - this initializes
    //  events and window stuff for cocoa for carbon
    //  applications.
    //
    //  This is also the only call here that is
    //  10.2+ specific (the rest is OSX only),
    //  which, ironically, the carbon font
    //  panel requires.
    //
    bool bOK = NSApplicationLoad();

    //autorelease pool - req'd for carbon
    NSAutoreleasePool *thePool;
    thePool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    //Get the initial wx font
    wxFont& thewxfont = m_fontData.m_initialFont;

    //if the font is valid set the default (selected) font of the
    //NSFontDialog to that font
    if (thewxfont.Ok())
    {
        NSFontTraitMask theMask = 0;

        if(thewxfont.GetStyle() == wxFONTSTYLE_ITALIC)
            theMask |= NSItalicFontMask;

        if(thewxfont.IsFixedWidth())
            theMask |= NSFixedPitchFontMask;

        NSFont* theDefaultFont =
            [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] fontWithFamily:
                                                    wxNSStringWithWxString(thewxfont.GetFaceName())
                                            traits:theMask
                                            weight:thewxfont.GetWeight() == wxBOLD ? 9 :
                                                    thewxfont.GetWeight() == wxLIGHT ? 0 : 5
                                            size: (float)(thewxfont.GetPointSize())
            ];

        wxASSERT_MSG(theDefaultFont, wxT("Invalid default font for wxCocoaFontDialog!"));

        //Apple docs say to call NSFontManager::setSelectedFont
        //However, 10.3 doesn't seem to create the font panel
        //is this is done, so create it ourselves
        [[NSFontPanel sharedFontPanel] setPanelFont:theDefaultFont isMultiple:NO];

    }

    if(m_fontData.m_fontColour.Ok())
        [[NSColorPanel sharedColorPanel] setColor:
            [NSColor colorWithCalibratedRed:m_fontData.m_fontColour.Red() / 255.0
                                        green:m_fontData.m_fontColour.Green() / 255.0
                                        blue:m_fontData.m_fontColour.Blue() / 255.0
                                        alpha:1.0]
        ];
    else
        [[NSColorPanel sharedColorPanel] setColor:[NSColor blackColor]];

    //We're done - free up the pool
    [thePool release];

    return bOK;
}

int wxFontDialog::ShowModal()
{
    //Start the pool.  Required for carbon interaction
    //(For those curious, the only thing that happens
    //if you don't do this is a bunch of error
    //messages about leaks on the console,
    //with no windows shown or anything).
    NSAutoreleasePool *thePool;
    thePool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    //Get the shared color and font panel
    NSFontPanel* theFontPanel = [NSFontPanel sharedFontPanel];
    NSColorPanel* theColorPanel = [NSColorPanel sharedColorPanel];

    //Create and assign the delegates (cocoa event handlers) so
    //we can tell if a window has closed/open or not
    wxWCDelegate* theFPDelegate = [[wxWCDelegate alloc] init];
    [theFontPanel setDelegate:theFPDelegate];

    wxWCODelegate* theCPDelegate = [[wxWCODelegate alloc] init];
    [theColorPanel setDelegate:theCPDelegate];

    //
    //  Begin the modal loop for the font and color panels
    //
    //  The idea is that we first make the font panel modal,
    //  but if the color panel is opened, unless we stop the
    //  modal loop the color panel opens behind the font panel
    //  with no input acceptable to it - which makes it useless.
    //
    //  So we set up delegates for both the color and font panels,
    //  and the if the font panel opens the color panel, we
    //  stop the modal loop, and start a separate modal loop for
    //  the color panel until the color panel closes, switching
    //  back to the font panel modal loop once it does close.
    //
    do
    {
        //
        //  Start the font panel modal loop
        //
        NSModalSession session = [NSApp beginModalSessionForWindow:theFontPanel];
        for (;;)
        {
            [NSApp runModalSession:session];

            //If the font panel is closed or the font panel
            //opened the color panel, break
            if ([theFPDelegate isClosed] || [theCPDelegate isOpen])
                break;
        }
        [NSApp endModalSession:session];

        //is the color panel open?
        if ([theCPDelegate isOpen])
        {
            //
            //  Start the color panel modal loop
            //
            NSModalSession session = [NSApp beginModalSessionForWindow:theColorPanel];
            for (;;)
            {
                [NSApp runModalSession:session];

                //If the color panel is closed, return the font panel modal loop
                if ([theCPDelegate isClosed])
                    break;
            }
            [NSApp endModalSession:session];
        }
        //If the font panel is still alive (I.E. we broke
        //out of its modal loop because the color panel was
        //opened) return the font panel modal loop
    }while([theFPDelegate isClosed] == NO);

    //free up the memory for the delegates - we don't need them anymore
    [theFPDelegate release];
    [theCPDelegate release];

    //Get the font the user selected
    NSFont* theFont = [theFontPanel panelConvertFont:[NSFont userFontOfSize:0]];

    //Get more information about the user's chosen font
    NSFontTraitMask theTraits = [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] traitsOfFont:theFont];
    int theFontWeight = [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] weightOfFont:theFont];
    int theFontSize = (int) [theFont pointSize];

    //Set the wx font to the appropriate data
    if(theTraits & NSFixedPitchFontMask)
        m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetFamily(wxTELETYPE);

    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetFaceName(wxStringWithNSString([theFont familyName]));
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetPointSize(theFontSize);
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetStyle(theTraits & NSItalicFontMask ? wxFONTSTYLE_ITALIC : 0);
    m_fontData.m_chosenFont.SetWeight(theFontWeight < 5 ? wxLIGHT :
                                    theFontWeight >= 9 ? wxBOLD : wxNORMAL);

    //Get the shared color panel along with the chosen color and set the chosen color
    NSColor* theColor = [[theColorPanel color] colorUsingColorSpaceName:NSCalibratedRGBColorSpace];

    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Set((unsigned char) ([theColor redComponent] * 255.0),
                                (unsigned char) ([theColor greenComponent] * 255.0),
                                (unsigned char) ([theColor blueComponent] * 255.0));

    //Friendly debug stuff
#ifdef FONTDLGDEBUG
    wxPrintf(wxT("---Font Panel---\n--NS--\nSize:%f\nWeight:%i\nTraits:%i\n--WX--\nFaceName:%s\nPointSize:%i\nStyle:%i\nWeight:%i\nColor:%i,%i,%i\n---END Font Panel---\n"),

                (float) theFontSize,
                theFontWeight,
                theTraits,

                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetFaceName().c_str(),
                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetPointSize(),
                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetStyle(),
                m_fontData.m_chosenFont.GetWeight(),
                    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Red(),
                    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Green(),
                    m_fontData.m_fontColour.Blue() );
#endif

    //Release the pool, we're done :)
    [thePool release];

    //Return ID_OK - there are no "apply" buttons or the like
    //on either the font or color panel
    return wxID_OK;
}

//old api stuff (REMOVE ME)
bool wxFontDialog::IsShown() const
{
    return false;
}

#endif // 10.2+

#endif
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ucblogo-6.1/gpl_text.h0000664000175000017500000005754713557147341013145 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("Version 2, June 1991\n")
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\n")
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\n")
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Preamble
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  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software\n")
  _T("patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free\n")
  _T("program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the\n")
  _T("program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any\n")
  _T("patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\n")
  _T("modification follow.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("0.\n")
  _T(" This License applies to any program or other work which contains\n")
  _T("a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed\n")
  _T("under the terms of this General Public License.  The \"Program\", below,\n")
  _T("refers to any such program or work, and a \"work based on the Program\"\n")
  _T("means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:\n")
  _T("that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,\n")
  _T("either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another\n")
  _T("language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in\n")
  _T("the term \"modification\".)  Each licensee is addressed as \"you\".\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\n")
  _T("covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of\n")
  _T("running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program\n")
  _T("is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the\n")
  _T("Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).\n")
  _T("Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("1.\n")
  _T(" You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's\n")
  _T("source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you\n")
  _T("conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate\n")
  _T("copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the\n")
  _T("notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;\n")
  _T("and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License\n")
  _T("along with the Program.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and\n")
  _T("you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("2.\n")
  _T(" You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion\n")
  _T("of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and\n")
  _T("distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\n")
  _T("above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
    \n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
  • a)\n")
  _T("     You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices\n")
  _T("     stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
    \n")
  _T("
  • b)\n")
  _T("     You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in\n")
  _T("     whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any\n")
  _T("     part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third\n")
  _T("     parties under the terms of this License.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
    \n")
  _T("
  • c)\n")
  _T("     If the modified program normally reads commands interactively\n")
  _T("     when run, you must cause it, when started running for such\n")
  _T("     interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an\n")
  _T("     announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a\n")
  _T("     notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide\n")
  _T("     a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under\n")
  _T("     these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this\n")
  _T("     License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but\n")
  _T("     does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on\n")
  _T("     the Program is not required to print an announcement.)\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If\n")
  _T("identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,\n")
  _T("and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\n")
  _T("themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\n")
  _T("sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you\n")
  _T("distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\n")
  _T("on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\n")
  _T("this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\n")
  _T("entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\n")
  _T("your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\n")
  _T("exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\n")
  _T("collective works based on the Program.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program\n")
  _T("with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of\n")
  _T("a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\n")
  _T("the scope of this License.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("3.\n")
  _T(" You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,\n")
  _T("under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of\n")
  _T("Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
    \n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
  • a)\n")
  _T("     Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable\n")
  _T("     source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections\n")
  _T("     1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
    \n")
  _T("
  • b)\n")
  _T("     Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three\n")
  _T("     years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your\n")
  _T("     cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete\n")
  _T("     machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be\n")
  _T("     distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium\n")
  _T("     customarily used for software interchange; or,\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
    \n")
  _T("
  • c)\n")
  _T("     Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer\n")
  _T("     to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is\n")
  _T("     allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you\n")
  _T("     received the program in object code or executable form with such\n")
  _T("     an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for\n")
  _T("making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source\n")
  _T("code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any\n")
  _T("associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to\n")
  _T("control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a\n")
  _T("special exception, the source code distributed need not include\n")
  _T("anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary\n")
  _T("form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the\n")
  _T("operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component\n")
  _T("itself accompanies the executable.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering\n")
  _T("access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent\n")
  _T("access to copy the source code from the same place counts as\n")
  _T("distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not\n")
  _T("compelled to copy the source along with the object code.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("4.\n")
  _T(" You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program\n")
  _T("except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt\n")
  _T("otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is\n")
  _T("void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.\n")
  _T("However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under\n")
  _T("this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such\n")
  _T("parties remain in full compliance.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("5.\n")
  _T(" You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\n")
  _T("signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\n")
  _T("distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are\n")
  _T("prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by\n")
  _T("modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the\n")
  _T("Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\n")
  _T("all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\n")
  _T("the Program or works based on it.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("6.\n")
  _T(" Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the\n")
  _T("Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\n")
  _T("original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to\n")
  _T("these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further\n")
  _T("restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\n")
  _T("You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to\n")
  _T("this License.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("7.\n")
  _T(" If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\n")
  _T("infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\n")
  _T("conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\n")
  _T("otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\n")
  _T("excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot\n")
  _T("distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\n")
  _T("License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\n")
  _T("may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent\n")
  _T("license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by\n")
  _T("all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\n")
  _T("the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\n")
  _T("refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under\n")
  _T("any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to\n")
  _T("apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other\n")
  _T("circumstances.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\n")
  _T("patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\n")
  _T("such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\n")
  _T("integrity of the free software distribution system, which is\n")
  _T("implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made\n")
  _T("generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\n")
  _T("through that system in reliance on consistent application of that\n")
  _T("system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\n")
  _T("to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\n")
  _T("impose that choice.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\n")
  _T("be a consequence of the rest of this License.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("8.\n")
  _T(" If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in\n")
  _T("certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\n")
  _T("original copyright holder who places the Program under this License\n")
  _T("may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding\n")
  _T("those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among\n")
  _T("countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates\n")
  _T("the limitation as if written in the body of this License.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("9.\n")
  _T(" The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions\n")
  _T("of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will\n")
  _T("be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to\n")
  _T("address new problems or concerns.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program\n")
  _T("specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and \"any\n")
  _T("later version\", you have the option of following the terms and conditions\n")
  _T("either of that version or of any later version published by the Free\n")
  _T("Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of\n")
  _T("this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software\n")
  _T("Foundation.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("10.\n")
  _T(" If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free\n")
  _T("programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author\n")
  _T("to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free\n")
  _T("Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes\n")
  _T("make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals\n")
  _T("of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and\n")
  _T("of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
NO WARRANTY
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("11.\n")
  _T(" BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY\n")
  _T("FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN\n")
  _T("OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES\n")
  _T("PROVIDE THE PROGRAM \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED\n")
  _T("OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF\n")
  _T("MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS\n")
  _T("TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE\n")
  _T("PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,\n")
  _T("REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("12.\n")
  _T(" IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING\n")
  _T("WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR\n")
  _T("REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,\n")
  _T("INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING\n")
  _T("OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED\n")
  _T("TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY\n")
  _T("YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER\n")
  _T("PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE\n")
  _T("POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest\n")
  _T("possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it\n")
  _T("free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest\n")
  _T("to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\n")
  _T("convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least\n")
  _T("the \"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.\n")
  _T("Copyright (C) yyyy  name of author\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n")
  _T("modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License\n")
  _T("as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2\n")
  _T("of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n")
  _T("but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n")
  _T("MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the\n")
  _T("GNU General Public License for more details.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n")
  _T("along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software\n")
  _T("Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this\n")
  _T("when it starts in an interactive mode:\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author\n")
  _T("Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details\n")
  _T("type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome\n")
  _T("to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'\n")
  _T("for details.\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show\n")
  _T("the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the\n")
  _T("commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and\n")
  _T("`show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever\n")
  _T("suits your program.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\n")
  _T("school, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the program, if\n")
  _T("necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright\n")
  _T("interest in the program `Gnomovision'\n")
  _T("(which makes passes at compilers) written\n")
  _T("by James Hacker.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989\n")
  _T("Ty Coon, President of Vice\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("
\n")
  _T("This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into\n")
  _T("proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may\n")
  _T("consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the\n")
  _T("library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General\n")
  _T("Public License instead of this License.\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
  _T("\n")
;
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%%BeginProcSet: BeachHead 2 3 
%%BeachHead - v2.3 Copyright 1991-1993 Silicon Beach Software, inc. 
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/n true def /k  0.015 def /oldmatrix 6 array def
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/l /m /o /q /r /u /v /w /_cwidths /wa
/x /y /z /A /B /D /E/F /G /H /I /J /K /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /V /W /X /Y /ba /ca /da /ea /fa /ga
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ra 128 128 getinterval astore pop /va 256 array def ra va copy pop va 15{dup}repeat  161 /ring put 178 /Scaron put 182 /eth put 184 /Thorn put 185 /thorn put 195 /scaron put 198 /Eth put 222 /hyphen put 223 /twosuperior put 225 /threesuperior put 240 /onequarter put 249 /onehalf put 250 /periodcentered put 252 /cedilla put 253 /multiply put 254 /Yacute put version cvr 51 ge { va 245 /onesuperior put va 251 /threequarters put va 255 /yacute put } if /d { 0 1 74 { c exch 0 put } for dup c cvs pop c } bind def /qa { 0 1 74 { sa exch 0 put } for dup sa cvs pop sa 74 1 put } bind def /e { d 74 2 put } bind def /addoblique { /g true def } bind def /addheavy { /f true def } bind def /adduline { /h true def } bind def /findshadowfont { findoutlinefont  BeachHead /i true put  BeachHead /n true put } bind def /findoutlinefont { findbeachheadfont gof /n true def } bind def /findbeachheadfont { /f false def /g false def 
/h false def /i false def dup findfont  dup /FontType get 0 ne {  /Encoding get dup  161 get  exch 162 get  /cent eq exch /exclamdown eq and  { userdict /BeachHead get begin qa  FontDirectory sa known  { pop sa findfont  } { findfont  dup length 1 add  dict /o exch def  {  1 index /FID ne  2 index /UniqueID ne and  { o  3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse 
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0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath } bind def /EPSEnd { userdict /BeachHead get begin count ma sub dup 0 gt {{pop}repeat} {pop}ifelse la end restore } bind def /cimage { userdict /BeachHead get begin { {readstring} } { {readhexstring} } ifelse /u exch def /colorimage where {  pop  4 index  dup string /v exch def  dup string /w exch def  dup string /x exch def  dup string /y exch def  string /z exch def  { currentfile v u pop }  { currentfile w u pop }  { currentfile x u pop }  { currentfile y u pop   currentfile z u pop pop }  5 -1 roll  { true 4 A }  { true 4 /colorimage load exec }  ifelse } {  4 index  dup string /z exch def  4 mul string /B exch def  { currentfile B u pop pop  currentfile z u pop }  exch  { transimage }  { /image load exec }  ifelse } ifelse end } bind def /bhshow  { userdict /BeachHead get begin h { gsave dup stringwidth pop (_) stringwidth pop div 1 scale currentpoint (_) show moveto grestore } if gsave 
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/L { D  { gsave E F  8 index  idtransform translate  I 1  8  9 index  {M}  {N}  {O}  {P}  true  4  /colorimage load exec  grestore /I 0 def  /D false def  } if } bind def /A { 9 index cvi  dup string /M exch def  dup string /N exch def  dup string /O exch def  string /P exch def  /Q 0 string def  /K 0 def  /D false def  /I 0 def  /G 0 def  0 1 10 index 1 sub  { /F exch def  0 1 11 index 1 sub  { K  Q length ge { 6 index exec /R exch def  5 index exec /S exch def  4 index exec /T exch def  3 index exec /Q exch def  /K 0 def  } if R K get  S K get  T K get  Q K get  /K K 1 add def  dup 0 eq  2 index 0 eq and 3 index 0 eq and 4 index 0 eq and {  5{pop}repeat  L } {  M I  6 -1 roll put N I  5 -1 roll put O I  4 -1 roll put P I  3 -1 roll put /I I 1 add def  D not  { /E exch def  /D true def  } { pop  } ifelse } ifelse } for  L  } for 
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currentdict userdict /BeachHead get ne { userdict /BeachHead get begin }if } bind def /filltextpath2 { userdict /BeachHead get begin /p exch def /s exch def /ea exch def /fillProc exch def /ia exch def currentpoint ia i and { ea s p krnshow } if moveto i /i false def currentpoint /m 1 string def  /ya 0 def /t 0 def /za 0 def ea { m 0 3 -1 roll put newpath  t za moveto  m true  charpath fillProc
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dup type dup /integertype eq exch /realtype eq or  { /ay exch def /ax exch def /ga exch def /cy exch def /cx exch def /ca null def  } { /wa 0 def  /ca exch def } ifelse /ha exch def /ia exch def ia { i get { gsave 0 setgray /ca load null ne  { /ca load ea kshow  /wa 0 def } { cx cy ga ax ay ea awidthshow  } ifelse grestore } if } if gsave currentfont ia { begin  r FontMatrix makefont l FontMatrix makefont end  } { null exch } ifelse /ja exch def /ka exch def /ba currentfont def _doTexturePat { systemdict /makepattern known } { false }ifelse { matrix currentmatrix _strtxtmatrix null ne { _strtxtmatrix setmatrix } if 1 -1 scale txTrnsX txTrnsY translate settexturepat  setmatrix /da 0 def ea { /fa exch def Z 0 fa put ja setfont currentpoint Z show aa {exit} if } forall } { 10 setlinewidth  /da 0 def  currentpoint  newpath  0 dup dup dup moveto lineto closepath moveto  ea { /fa exch def Z 0 fa put  currentpoint  ja setfont  count 1 add dup 1 roll  Z true { charpath } stopped  count count -1 roll sub { pop } repeat  currentpoint  {ha} 0 U pop  
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counttomark 2 div cvi {na 3 1 roll put} repeat pop /krnshow
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%%EndProcSet
%%BeginProcSet: gr_id 2 0 
% gr_id - v2 - Copyright 1993 Silicon Beach Software, Inc. 
userdict /gr_id known not { userdict begin /gr_id 100 dict def /gr_idb {gr_id begin} bind def  /gr_e {end end} bind def gr_idb 
/nulld { counttomark {null def} repeat pop } bind def mark 
/a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M nulld
/bd {bind def} bind def /g_ea [] def /g_mg 60 def /g_xg 250 def /setcmykcolor where {  pop  /bhsetcmykcolor/setcmykcolor load def } {  /bhsetcmykcolor { 4 1 roll  3{ 3 index add  neg 1 add  dup 0 lt {pop 0}if  3 1 roll }repeat  setrgbcolor  pop }bind def }ifelse  /g_ss { currentscreen /scrnproc exch def /scrnangle exch def
/scrnfreq exch def /scrnproc load type dup /arraytype eq exch /packedarraytype eq or
{ /g_ng 72 scrnfreq div dup matrix defaultmatrix dtransform mul abs def g_ng g_mg lt {
/scrnfreq scrnfreq g_mg g_ng div sqrt div def
scrnfreq scrnangle /scrnproc load setscreen /g_ng g_mg def } if g_ng g_xg gt { /g_ng g_xg def } if } { /g_ng g_xg def
} ifelse g_ea 0 setdash } bd /g_lf { gsave /noeoclip exch def dup /y1b exch def /y2b exch def dup /x2t exch def /x2b exch def dup /y1t exch def /y2t exch def dup /x1t exch def /x1b exch def /filloff exch def /filldir exch def /colorlist exch def noeoclip { clip } { eoclip } ifelse
newpath g_ss filldir 0 eq { filloff 0 lt { x1t filloff add /x1t exch def x2b filloff sub /x2b exch def } { x1b filloff sub /x1b exch def x2t filloff add /x2t exch def } ifelse /x1start x1t def /y1start y1t def /x2start x1b def /y2start y1b def /xdist x2t x1t sub def /ydist 0 def } { filloff 0 lt { y2t filloff add /y2t exch def y1b filloff sub /y1b exch def } { y1t filloff sub /y1t exch def y2b filloff add /y2b exch def } ifelse /x1start x1t def /y1start y1t def /x2start x2t def /y2start y2t def /xdist 0 def
/ydist y1b y1t sub def } ifelse colorlist { /colorrec exch def colorrec 0 get /cmykStart exch def colorrec 1 get /cmykEnd exch def
colorrec 2 get /ramppercent exch def /cStart cmykStart 0 get def /mStart cmykStart 1 get def /yStart cmykStart 2 get def
/kStart cmykStart 3 get def /cInc cmykEnd 0 get cStart sub g_ng div def
/mInc cmykEnd 1 get mStart sub g_ng div def
/yInc cmykEnd 2 get yStart sub g_ng div def
/kInc cmykEnd 3 get kStart sub g_ng div def /xinc xdist ramppercent mul g_ng div def
/yinc ydist ramppercent mul g_ng div def xinc yinc gt {xinc}{yinc}ifelse setlinewidth
newpath 0 1 g_ng { pop cStart mStart yStart kStart bhsetcmykcolor newpath x1start y1start moveto x2start y2start lineto stroke cStart cInc add /cStart exch def mStart mInc add /mStart exch def yStart yInc add /yStart exch def
kStart kInc add /kStart exch def x1start xinc add /x1start exch def y1start yinc add /y1start exch def x2start xinc add /x2start exch def
y2start yinc add /y2start exch def } for } forall grestore } bd /g_bf { true g_f } bd /g_cf { false g_f } bd /g_f { gsave /doBoxFill exch def /noeoclip exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /yoff exch def /xoff exch def /colorlist exch def noeoclip { clip } { eoclip } ifelse
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/centerY y2 y1 add 2 div yoff add def /boxRadX  centerX dup x1  exch sub abs  exch  x2  exch sub abs
2 copy  lt {exch} if  pop def /boxRadY  centerY  dup y1 exch sub abs  exch y2  exch sub abs
2 copy  lt {exch} if  pop def centerX  dup boxRadX sub /x1 exch def  boxRadX add /x2 exch def centerY  dup boxRadY sub /y1 exch def 
boxRadY add /y2 exch def colorlist { /colorrec exch def colorrec 0 get /cmykStart exch def colorrec 1 get /cmykEnd exch def
colorrec 2 get /ramppercent exch def /cStart cmykStart 0 get def /mStart cmykStart 1 get def /yStart cmykStart 2 get def
/kStart cmykStart 3 get def /cInc cmykEnd 0 get cStart sub g_ng div def
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%IncludeFont: Times-Bold 

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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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newpath
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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( ) 
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%IncludeFont: Symbol 

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33.9532 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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( ) 
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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47.3077 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
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grestore
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closepath
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%IncludeFont: Times-Bold 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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4.99 0
3.32 0
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grestore
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grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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(Literal) 
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grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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(constant) 
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3.88 0
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grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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grestore
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grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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newpath
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closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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grestore
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grestore
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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newpath
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closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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grestore
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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newpath
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closepath
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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(args?) 
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grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Y) 
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grestore
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newpath
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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grestore
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newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
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(Y) 
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grestore
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grestore
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closepath
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 164.877 545.803] concat
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(N) 
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
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closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(value) 
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
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closepath
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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newpath
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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stroke
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newpath
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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(Y) 
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
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21.6898 -351.128 lineto
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closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Bold 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Apply-Dispatch) 
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
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grestore
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newpath
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106.866 -373.918 lineto
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closepath
grestore
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newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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100.718 -364.145 96.6658 -367.327 88.5623 -369.963 curveto
80.4588 -372.599 70.6769 -373.917 59.2169 -373.917 curveto
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21.7681 -367.327 17.7164 -364.145 17.7164 -360.417 curveto
17.7164 -356.689 21.7681 -353.507 29.8716 -350.871 curveto
37.9751 -348.235 47.757 -346.917 59.2169 -346.917 curveto
closepath
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grestore
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closepath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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78.448 -303.804 lineto
78.448 -285.224 lineto
39.9848 -285.224 lineto
39.9848 -303.804 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 355.715 682.105] concat
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Macro?) 
[8.88 0
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3.32 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
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grestore
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100.717 -242.018 lineto
100.717 -215.017 lineto
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closepath
grestore
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newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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100.717 -232.245 96.6652 -235.428 88.5617 -238.063 curveto
80.4582 -240.699 70.6763 -242.018 59.2163 -242.018 curveto
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21.7674 -235.428 17.7157 -232.245 17.7157 -228.517 curveto
17.7157 -224.79 21.7674 -221.607 29.8709 -218.971 curveto
37.9744 -216.335 47.7564 -215.017 59.2163 -215.017 curveto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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grestore
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closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(\(ap-dis-1\)) 
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grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(\(no such label really\)) 
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2.45 0
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3.10 0
3.49 0
2.45 0
1.94 0
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3.10 0
1.94 0
2.45 0
2.33 0
3.10 0
3.10 0
1.94 0
1.94 0
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grestore
grestore
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newpath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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closepath
grestore
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-41.7818 -246.788 -33.9564 -245.734 -24.7886 -245.734 curveto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
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grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-49.2523 -263.965 moveto
-0.324463 -263.965 lineto
-0.324463 -249.102 lineto
-49.2523 -249.102 lineto
-49.2523 -263.965 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[0.799988 0 0 -0.799988 265.678 643.067] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Macro-return) 
[8.88 0
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4.43 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
3.32 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
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 10.00 krnshow
end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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99.2175 -201.015 lineto
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19.2154 -156.014 lineto
19.2154 -201.015 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
27.0701 -192.784 moveto
91.3628 -192.784 lineto
91.3628 -164.245 lineto
27.0701 -164.245 lineto
27.0701 -192.784 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 342.801 571.086] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(get proc from) 
[4.99 0
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2.77 0
3.50 0
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3.32 0
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4.43 0
3.50 0
3.32 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
7.77 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 342.801 571.086] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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7.2919 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(name, etc.) 
[4.99 0
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4.43 0
2.49 0
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4.43 0
2.77 0
4.43 0
2.49 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
19.2154 -201.015 moveto
99.2175 -201.015 lineto
99.2175 -156.014 lineto
19.2154 -156.014 lineto
19.2154 -201.015 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
20.7152 -102.008 moveto
58.7164 -63.0069 lineto
97.7176 -102.008 lineto
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20.7152 -102.008 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
34.6327 -110.798 moveto
83.8001 -110.798 lineto
83.8001 -92.2185 lineto
34.6327 -92.2185 lineto
34.6327 -110.798 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 350.363 489.099] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Primitive?) 
[5.55 0
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7.77 0
2.77 0
2.77 0
2.53 0
4.85 0
4.43 0
4.43 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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99.2175 -1.0098 lineto
19.2154 -1.0098 lineto
19.2154 -46.0108 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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76.0453 -32.7999 lineto
76.0453 -14.2208 lineto
42.3876 -14.2208 lineto
42.3876 -32.7999 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 358.118 411.102] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Call it) 
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3.50 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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96.6652 102.445 100.717 99.2625 100.717 95.5346 curveto
100.717 91.8067 96.6652 88.6244 88.5617 85.9886 curveto
80.4582 83.3527 70.6763 82.0345 59.2163 82.0345 curveto
47.7564 82.0345 37.9744 83.3527 29.8709 85.9886 curveto
21.7674 88.6244 17.7157 91.8067 17.7157 95.5346 curveto
17.7157 99.2625 21.7674 102.445 29.8709 105.081 curveto
37.9744 107.717 47.7564 109.035 59.2163 109.035 curveto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
24.1932 86.2449 moveto
94.2391 86.2449 lineto
94.2391 104.824 lineto
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24.1932 86.2449 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Bold 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 339.924 292.057] concat
/Times-Bold findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Macro-Return) 
[9.42 0
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4.43 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
7.21 0
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3.32 0
5.55 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
20.7152 166.992 moveto
58.7164 205.993 lineto
97.7176 166.992 lineto
59.7164 128.991 lineto
20.7152 166.992 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
24.7582 158.202 moveto
93.6747 158.202 lineto
93.6747 176.781 lineto
24.7582 176.781 lineto
24.7582 158.202 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 340.489 220.1] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(\324continuation\325?) 
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
20.7152 258.991 moveto
58.7164 297.993 lineto
97.7176 258.991 lineto
59.7164 220.99 lineto
20.7152 258.991 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
37.6901 250.202 moveto
80.7427 250.202 lineto
80.7427 268.781 lineto
37.6901 268.781 lineto
37.6901 250.202 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 353.421 128.1] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(tail call?) 
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2.77 0
3.50 0
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2.77 0
2.77 0
4.43 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
34.163 315.74 moveto
84.2699 315.74 lineto
84.2699 334.319 lineto
34.163 334.319 lineto
34.163 315.74 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 349.894 62.5621] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Begin-Seq) 
[6.66 0
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4.99 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
5.55 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
17.7157 311.529 moveto
100.717 311.529 lineto
100.717 338.529 lineto
17.7157 338.529 lineto
17.7157 311.529 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
59.2163 338.529 moveto
70.6763 338.529 80.4582 337.211 88.5617 334.575 curveto
96.6652 331.939 100.717 328.757 100.717 325.029 curveto
100.717 321.301 96.6652 318.119 88.5617 315.483 curveto
80.4582 312.847 70.6763 311.529 59.2163 311.529 curveto
47.7564 311.529 37.9744 312.847 29.8709 315.483 curveto
21.7674 318.119 17.7157 321.301 17.7157 325.029 curveto
17.7157 328.757 21.7674 331.939 29.8709 334.575 curveto
37.9744 337.211 47.7564 338.529 59.2163 338.529 curveto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-82.5192 151.993 moveto
-2.51729 151.993 lineto
-2.51729 180.994 lineto
-82.5192 180.994 lineto
-82.5192 151.993 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-68.1164 157.204 moveto
-16.9201 157.204 lineto
-16.9201 175.783 lineto
-68.1164 175.783 lineto
-68.1164 157.204 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 247.614 221.098] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Preprocess) 
[5.55 0
3.32 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
4.43 0
3.88 0
3.88 0
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 10.00 krnshow
end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-2.51704 195.996 moveto
-2.51704 240.997 lineto
-82.5195 240.997 lineto
-82.5195 211.996 lineto
-67.519 195.996 lineto
-2.51704 195.996 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-67.5717 209.207 moveto
-17.4648 209.207 lineto
-17.4648 227.786 lineto
-67.5717 227.786 lineto
-67.5717 209.207 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 248.159 169.095] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Begin-Seq) 
[6.66 0
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2.77 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
5.55 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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grestore
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closepath
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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(Y) 
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grestore
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grestore
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57.4276 217.179 lineto
42.2216 217.179 lineto
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closepath
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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(N) 
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grestore
grestore
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grestore
gsave
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closepath
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 8.13782 moveto
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(Y) 
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grestore
grestore
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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98.9889 287.994 moveto
138.99 326.995 lineto
176.991 287.994 lineto
98.9889 287.994 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
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grestore
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newpath
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116.079 285.604 moveto
159.902 285.604 lineto
159.902 314.953 lineto
116.079 314.953 lineto
116.079 285.604 lineto
closepath
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 5.69647 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(returned exp) 
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1.94 0
3.49 0
2.33 0
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3.10 0
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2.45 0
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grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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7.95279 12.6683 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(will be) 
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1.94 0
1.94 0
1.94 0
2.45 0
3.49 0
3.10 0
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grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 431.809 92.6979] concat
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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4.07269 19.6402 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(spliced in) 
[2.72 0
3.49 0
1.94 0
1.94 0
3.10 0
3.10 0
3.49 0
2.45 0
1.94 0
3.49 0
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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94.2231 242.603 moveto
109.429 242.603 lineto
109.429 261.182 lineto
94.2231 261.182 lineto
94.2231 242.603 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 409.954 135.699] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(N) 
[7.21 0
]
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end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
199.712 -340.982 moveto
211.172 -340.982 220.954 -342.3 229.058 -344.936 curveto
237.161 -347.572 241.213 -350.754 241.213 -354.482 curveto
241.213 -358.21 237.161 -361.392 229.058 -364.028 curveto
220.954 -366.664 211.172 -367.982 199.712 -367.982 curveto
188.252 -367.982 178.47 -366.664 170.367 -364.028 curveto
162.263 -361.392 158.212 -358.21 158.212 -354.482 curveto
158.212 -350.754 162.263 -347.572 170.367 -344.936 curveto
178.47 -342.3 188.252 -340.982 199.712 -340.982 curveto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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2 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
157.183 -363.772 moveto
242.241 -363.772 lineto
242.241 -345.193 lineto
157.183 -345.193 lineto
157.183 -363.772 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Bold 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 472.914 742.074] concat
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Compound-Apply) 
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4.99 0
8.32 0
5.55 0
4.99 0
5.55 0
5.55 0
5.55 0
3.32 0
7.21 0
5.55 0
5.55 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
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end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
159.711 -320.502 moveto
239.713 -320.502 lineto
239.713 -275.501 lineto
159.711 -275.501 lineto
159.711 -320.502 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
166.267 -312.27 moveto
233.157 -312.27 lineto
233.157 -283.732 lineto
166.267 -283.732 lineto
166.267 -312.27 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 481.998 690.572] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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13.8424 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(loop on) 
[2.77 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
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end
grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 481.998 690.572] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(formal params) 
[3.32 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
7.77 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
3.50 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
3.32 0
4.43 0
7.77 0
3.88 0
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end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
161.211 -209.011 moveto
199.212 -170.01 lineto
238.213 -209.011 lineto
200.212 -247.013 lineto
161.211 -209.011 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
179.371 -227.761 moveto
220.053 -227.761 lineto
220.053 -189.262 lineto
179.371 -189.262 lineto
179.371 -227.761 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 495.102 606.063] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.824539 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(missing) 
[7.77 0
2.77 0
3.88 0
3.88 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
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end
grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 495.102 606.063] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(optional) 
[4.99 0
4.99 0
2.77 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
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end
grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 495.102 606.063] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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7.84569 28.0574 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(arg?) 
[4.43 0
3.15 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
]
 10.00 krnshow
end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
212.423 -135.407 moveto
287.563 -135.407 lineto
287.563 -107.61 lineto
212.423 -107.61 lineto
212.423 -135.407 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 528.154 513.709] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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5.04567 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Eval-Dispatch) 
[6.10 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
3.32 0
7.21 0
2.77 0
3.88 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
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end
grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 528.154 513.709] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 9.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 17.5996 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(\(for default value\)) 
[2.99 0
2.99 0
4.49 0
2.99 0
3.15 0
4.49 0
3.99 0
2.99 0
3.99 0
4.49 0
2.49 0
2.49 0
3.15 0
4.49 0
3.99 0
2.49 0
4.49 0
3.99 0
2.99 0
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
159.711 -65.0114 moveto
239.713 -65.0114 lineto
239.713 -20.0103 lineto
159.711 -20.0103 lineto
159.711 -65.0114 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
171.254 -56.7803 moveto
228.17 -56.7803 lineto
228.17 -28.2414 lineto
171.254 -28.2414 lineto
171.254 -56.7803 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 486.984 435.082] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.545609 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Bind param) 
[6.66 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
3.32 0
4.43 0
7.77 0
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end
grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 486.984 435.082] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(to arg value) 
[2.77 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
4.43 0
3.15 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
]
 10.00 krnshow
end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
161.211 40.9962 moveto
199.212 79.9974 lineto
238.213 40.9962 lineto
200.212 2.99503 lineto
161.211 40.9962 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
182.694 32.2067 moveto
216.73 32.2067 lineto
216.73 50.7857 lineto
182.694 50.7857 lineto
182.694 32.2067 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 498.425 346.095] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Done?) 
[7.21 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
4.43 0
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 10.00 krnshow
end
grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
159.711 106.994 moveto
239.713 106.994 lineto
239.713 151.995 lineto
159.711 151.995 lineto
159.711 106.994 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
166.176 120.205 moveto
233.248 120.205 lineto
233.248 138.784 lineto
166.176 138.784 lineto
166.176 120.205 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 481.907 258.097] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Get proc body) 
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2.77 0
3.50 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
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4.43 0
3.50 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
199.712 213.027 moveto
211.172 213.027 220.954 211.708 229.057 209.072 curveto
237.161 206.437 241.213 203.254 241.213 199.526 curveto
241.213 195.798 237.161 192.616 229.057 189.98 curveto
220.954 187.344 211.172 186.026 199.712 186.026 curveto
188.252 186.026 178.47 187.344 170.367 189.98 curveto
162.263 192.616 158.211 195.798 158.211 199.526 curveto
158.211 203.254 162.263 206.437 170.367 209.072 curveto
178.47 211.708 188.252 213.027 199.712 213.027 curveto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
165.804 190.237 moveto
233.621 190.237 lineto
233.621 208.816 lineto
165.804 208.816 lineto
165.804 190.237 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 481.534 188.065] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Eval-Sequence) 
[6.10 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
3.32 0
5.55 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
4.43 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
234.714 -223.469 moveto
249.92 -223.469 lineto
249.92 -204.89 lineto
234.714 -204.89 lineto
234.714 -223.469 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 550.445 601.771] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Y) 
[7.21 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
185.713 -173.467 moveto
200.919 -173.467 lineto
200.919 -154.888 lineto
185.713 -154.888 lineto
185.713 -173.467 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 501.443 551.769] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(N) 
[7.21 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
59.709 -68.4641 moveto
74.9151 -68.4641 lineto
74.9151 -49.885 lineto
59.709 -49.885 lineto
59.709 -68.4641 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 375.44 446.766] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Y) 
[7.21 0
]
 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
157.712 -356.47 moveto
122.712 -356.47 lineto
122.712 -102.462 lineto
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newpath
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149.349 -355.743 149.531 -354.713 149.895 -353.38 curveto
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grestore
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109.916 -98.8835 lineto
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closepath
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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grestore
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grestore
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closepath
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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grestore
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grestore
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newpath
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grestore
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newpath
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9.34711 -361.319 9.52591 -360.289 9.8856 -358.954 curveto
17.6213 -362.023 lineto
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closepath
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gsave eofill grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
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29.4265 -292.819 lineto
14.2205 -292.819 lineto
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closepath
grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 8.13782 moveto
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(Y) 
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grestore
grestore
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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closepath
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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-80.7822 255.103 moveto
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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-68.3233 260.314 moveto
-13.2392 260.314 lineto
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closepath
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Postprocess) 
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4.99 0
3.88 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
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3.88 0
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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-65.5182 77.2455 moveto
-50.3122 77.2455 lineto
-50.3122 95.8245 lineto
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closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(N) 
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]
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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200.216 75.5852 moveto
215.422 75.5852 lineto
215.422 94.1643 lineto
200.216 94.1643 lineto
200.216 75.5852 lineto
closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 515.946 302.717] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Y) 
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
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145.712 -300.482 lineto
145.712 40.5178 lineto
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newpath
155.985 -300.482 moveto
145.712 -300.482 lineto
145.712 40.5178 lineto
160.712 40.5178 lineto
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
159.621 -300.482 moveto
151.894 -303.573 lineto
151.531 -302.239 151.349 -301.209 151.349 -300.482 curveto
151.349 -299.755 151.531 -298.725 151.894 -297.392 curveto
159.621 -300.482 lineto
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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gsave eofill grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
149.712 41.5178 moveto
164.918 41.5178 lineto
164.918 60.0969 lineto
149.712 60.0969 lineto
149.712 41.5178 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 465.443 336.784] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(N) 
[7.21 0
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-267.1 293.212 moveto
-215.752 293.212 lineto
-215.752 321.751 lineto
-267.1 321.751 lineto
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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gsave eofill grestore
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 48.631 85.0902] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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1.36925 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Check for) 
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4.99 0
4.43 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
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grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 48.631 85.0902] concat
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(errors, etc.) 
[4.43 0
3.32 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
3.88 0
2.49 0
3.50 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
4.43 0
2.49 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
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grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-281.427 284.981 moveto
-201.424 284.981 lineto
-201.424 329.982 lineto
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-272.656 221.231 moveto
-210.195 221.231 lineto
-210.195 259.73 lineto
-272.656 259.73 lineto
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closepath
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 43.0741 157.07] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Maybe splice) 
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4.43 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
3.50 0
3.88 0
4.99 0
2.77 0
2.77 0
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grestore
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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1.11438 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(macro return) 
[7.77 0
4.43 0
4.43 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
3.32 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 43.0741 157.07] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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6.92119 28.0574 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(into Unev) 
[2.77 0
4.99 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
7.21 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-281.427 217.98 moveto
-201.424 217.98 lineto
-201.424 262.981 lineto
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-281.427 217.98 moveto
-201.424 217.98 lineto
-201.424 262.981 lineto
-281.427 262.981 lineto
-281.427 217.98 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.5 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-201.424 157.996 moveto
-201.424 202.998 lineto
-281.427 202.998 lineto
-281.427 173.997 lineto
-266.426 157.996 lineto
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closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 0 bhsetcmykcolor
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gsave eofill grestore
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-275.344 171.207 moveto
-210.295 171.207 lineto
-210.295 189.786 lineto
-275.344 189.786 lineto
-275.344 171.207 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 40.3865 207.094] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Eval-Dispatch) 
[6.10 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
3.32 0
7.21 0
2.77 0
3.88 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-241.426 134.99 moveto
-229.966 134.99 -220.184 133.672 -212.081 131.036 curveto
-203.977 128.4 -199.926 125.218 -199.926 121.49 curveto
-199.926 117.762 -203.977 114.58 -212.081 111.944 curveto
-220.184 109.308 -229.966 107.99 -241.426 107.99 curveto
-252.886 107.99 -262.668 109.308 -270.772 111.944 curveto
-278.875 114.58 -282.927 117.762 -282.927 121.49 curveto
-282.927 125.218 -278.875 128.4 -270.772 131.036 curveto
-262.668 133.672 -252.886 134.99 -241.426 134.99 curveto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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gsave eofill grestore
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-274.505 112.2 moveto
-208.347 112.2 lineto
-208.347 130.779 lineto
-274.505 130.779 lineto
-274.505 112.2 lineto
closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 41.2254 266.102] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Non-Tail-Eval) 
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4.99 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
6.10 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
2.77 0
3.32 0
6.10 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
2.77 0
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-272.247 -39.7833 moveto
-209.604 -39.7833 lineto
-209.604 -11.2444 lineto
-272.247 -11.2444 lineto
-272.247 -39.7833 lineto
closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 43.4832 418.085] concat
/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Pop one expr) 
[5.55 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
3.50 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
3.32 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 43.4832 418.085] concat
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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5.07312 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(from Unev) 
[3.32 0
3.32 0
4.99 0
7.77 0
3.50 0
7.21 0
4.99 0
4.43 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-280.927 -48.0143 moveto
-200.924 -48.0143 lineto
-200.924 -3.01331 lineto
-280.927 -3.01331 lineto
-280.927 -48.0143 lineto
closepath
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0.25 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin
stroke
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-276.233 -86.0135 moveto
-205.618 -86.0135 lineto
-205.618 -67.4345 lineto
-276.233 -67.4345 lineto
-276.233 -86.0135 lineto
closepath
grestore
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gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Bold 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 39.4972 464.315] concat
/Times-Bold findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Eval-Sequence) 
[6.66 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
2.77 0
3.32 0
5.55 0
4.43 0
5.55 0
5.55 0
4.43 0
5.55 0
4.43 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
-240.926 -63.2238 moveto
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-199.425 -80.4518 -203.477 -83.6341 -211.58 -86.27 curveto
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closepath
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stroke
grestore
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[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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-213.917 -145.786 lineto
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closepath
grestore
gsave
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 8.13782 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(Parse Logo) 
[5.41 0
4.43 0
3.32 0
3.88 0
4.43 0
3.50 0
6.10 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
gsave
 

%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
[1 0 0 -1 47.7968 524.088] concat
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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4.63745 18.0976 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(into Lisp) 
[2.77 0
4.99 0
2.77 0
4.99 0
3.50 0
6.10 0
2.77 0
3.88 0
4.99 0
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 10.00 krnshow
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grestore
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
grestore
gsave
newpath
[1 0 0 -1 311.731 382.302] concat
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-200.924 -154.018 lineto
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grestore
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-56.0199 368.996 moveto
-56.0199 377.996 lineto
-72.0201 377.996 lineto
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userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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%IncludeFont: Times-Roman 

userdict begin BeachHead end begin
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/Times-Roman findbeachheadfont 10.00 scalefont setfont
userdict begin BeachHead end begin
0 0 0 1 bhsetcmykcolor
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0 23.3447 moveto
[1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat
(\(Procedure-call boxes       imply data stack allocation as well as control \337ow.\)) 
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%%EndDocument
 @endspecial 1299 5449 a Fa()p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF
ucblogo-6.1/diffscript.pl0000664000175000017500000000012413557147341013613 0ustar  jjcjjc# /usr/bin/

# args are directories
foreach $file (glob(@ARGV)) {
    if (diff 


}
ucblogo-6.1/configure.in0000664000175000017500000000452013575571772013447 0ustar  jjcjjcdnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_INIT(ucblogo, 6.1)

AC_CONFIG_HEADER(config.h)

dnl Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
AC_PROG_CXX

WXCONFIG=wx-config
AC_ARG_WITH(wx-config,
[[  --with-wx-config=FILE   Use the given path to wx-config when determining
                            wxWidgets configuration; defaults to "wx-config"]],
[
    if test "$withval" != "yes" -a "$withval" != ""; then
        WXCONFIG=$withval
    fi
])

TERMOFILE="term.o"
TERMFILE="term.c"
GRAPHICSOFILE=" xgraphics.o "
GRAPHICSFILE=" xgraphics.c "


AC_MSG_CHECKING([wxWidgets version])
if wxversion=`$WXCONFIG --version`; then
    AC_MSG_RESULT([$wxversion])
    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WX)
    WXOFILES="wxMain.o wxTerminal.o wxTurtleGraphics.o  TextEditor.o"
    WXSRCFILES="wxMain.cpp wxTerminal.cpp wxTurtleGraphics.cpp  TextEditor.cpp"
    LIBS="$LIBS "`$WXCONFIG --libs`;
    CC="`$WXCONFIG --cc`"
    CXX="`$WXCONFIG --cxx`"
    CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -DHAVE_WX `$WXCONFIG --cxxflags`";
    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DHAVE_WX "
    TERMOFILE="wxterm.o"
    TERMFILE="wxterm.c"
    GRAPHICSOFILE=""
    GRAPHICSFILE=""
    LINKER="`$WXCONFIG --ld`"
else
    AC_MSG_RESULT([not found])
    LINKER='$(CC)'
fi


dnl Checks for libraries.

AC_PATH_XTRA
AC_CHECK_LIB(m, atan)
AC_CHECK_LIB(BSD, signal)
AC_CHECK_LIB(bsd, signal)

tcap=no
AC_CHECK_LIB(termcap, tgetstr,
	     AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBTERMCAP) LIBS="$LIBS -ltermcap" tcap=yes)
if test $tcap = no; then
   AC_CHECK_LIB(termlib, tgetstr,
		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBTERMLIB) LIBS="$LIBS -ltermlib" tcap=yes)
fi
if test $tcap = no; then
   AC_CHECK_LIB(curses, tgetstr,
		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBCURSES) LIBS="$LIBS -lcurses" tcap=yes)
fi
if test $tcap = no; then
   AC_CHECK_LIB(ncurses, tgetstr,
		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBCURSES) LIBS="$LIBS -lncurses" tcap=yes)
fi

dnl Checks for header files.
AC_HEADER_STDC
AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sgtty.h termio.h unistd.h string.h termcap.h termlib.h curses.h)

dnl Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
AC_TYPE_SIGNAL

dnl Checks for library functions.
AC_CHECK_FUNCS(usleep srandom sigvec sigsetmask drem irint memcpy)
AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL
dnl AC_TYPE_SIGNAL

if test "$no_x" != yes; then
   LIBS="$LIBS -lX11"
fi

AC_SUBST(WXOFILES)
AC_SUBST(WXSRCFILES)
AC_SUBST(TERMOFILE)
AC_SUBST(TERMFILE)
AC_SUBST(LINKER)
AC_SUBST(GRAPHICSOFILE)
AC_SUBST(GRAPHICSFILE)

AC_OUTPUT(makefile)
ucblogo-6.1/configure0000775000175000017500000052427213575571772013060 0ustar  jjcjjc#! /bin/sh
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for ucblogo 6.1.
#
#
# Copyright (C) 1992-1996, 1998-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
#
# This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
## -------------------- ##
## M4sh Initialization. ##
## -------------------- ##

# Be more Bourne compatible
DUALCASE=1; export DUALCASE # for MKS sh
if test -n "${ZSH_VERSION+set}" && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1; then :
  emulate sh
  NULLCMD=:
  # Pre-4.2 versions of Zsh do word splitting on ${1+"$@"}, which
  # is contrary to our usage.  Disable this feature.
  alias -g '${1+"$@"}'='"$@"'
  setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST
else
  case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in #(
  *posix*) :
    set -o posix ;; #(
  *) :
     ;;
esac
fi


as_nl='
'
export as_nl
# Printing a long string crashes Solaris 7 /usr/bin/printf.
as_echo='\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'
as_echo=$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo
as_echo=$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo
# Prefer a ksh shell builtin over an external printf program on Solaris,
# but without wasting forks for bash or zsh.
if test -z "$BASH_VERSION$ZSH_VERSION" \
    && (test "X`print -r -- $as_echo`" = "X$as_echo") 2>/dev/null; then
  as_echo='print -r --'
  as_echo_n='print -rn --'
elif (test "X`printf %s $as_echo`" = "X$as_echo") 2>/dev/null; then
  as_echo='printf %s\n'
  as_echo_n='printf %s'
else
  if test "X`(/usr/ucb/echo -n -n $as_echo) 2>/dev/null`" = "X-n $as_echo"; then
    as_echo_body='eval /usr/ucb/echo -n "$1$as_nl"'
    as_echo_n='/usr/ucb/echo -n'
  else
    as_echo_body='eval expr "X$1" : "X\\(.*\\)"'
    as_echo_n_body='eval
      arg=$1;
      case $arg in #(
      *"$as_nl"*)
	expr "X$arg" : "X\\(.*\\)$as_nl";
	arg=`expr "X$arg" : ".*$as_nl\\(.*\\)"`;;
      esac;
      expr "X$arg" : "X\\(.*\\)" | tr -d "$as_nl"
    '
    export as_echo_n_body
    as_echo_n='sh -c $as_echo_n_body as_echo'
  fi
  export as_echo_body
  as_echo='sh -c $as_echo_body as_echo'
fi

# The user is always right.
if test "${PATH_SEPARATOR+set}" != set; then
  PATH_SEPARATOR=:
  (PATH='/bin;/bin'; FPATH=$PATH; sh -c :) >/dev/null 2>&1 && {
    (PATH='/bin:/bin'; FPATH=$PATH; sh -c :) >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
      PATH_SEPARATOR=';'
  }
fi


# IFS
# We need space, tab and new line, in precisely that order.  Quoting is
# there to prevent editors from complaining about space-tab.
# (If _AS_PATH_WALK were called with IFS unset, it would disable word
# splitting by setting IFS to empty value.)
IFS=" ""	$as_nl"

# Find who we are.  Look in the path if we contain no directory separator.
as_myself=
case $0 in #((
  *[\\/]* ) as_myself=$0 ;;
  *) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    test -r "$as_dir/$0" && as_myself=$as_dir/$0 && break
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

     ;;
esac
# We did not find ourselves, most probably we were run as `sh COMMAND'
# in which case we are not to be found in the path.
if test "x$as_myself" = x; then
  as_myself=$0
fi
if test ! -f "$as_myself"; then
  $as_echo "$as_myself: error: cannot find myself; rerun with an absolute file name" >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Unset variables that we do not need and which cause bugs (e.g. in
# pre-3.0 UWIN ksh).  But do not cause bugs in bash 2.01; the "|| exit 1"
# suppresses any "Segmentation fault" message there.  '((' could
# trigger a bug in pdksh 5.2.14.
for as_var in BASH_ENV ENV MAIL MAILPATH
do eval test x\${$as_var+set} = xset \
  && ( (unset $as_var) || exit 1) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset $as_var || :
done
PS1='$ '
PS2='> '
PS4='+ '

# NLS nuisances.
LC_ALL=C
export LC_ALL
LANGUAGE=C
export LANGUAGE

# CDPATH.
(unset CDPATH) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset CDPATH

# Use a proper internal environment variable to ensure we don't fall
  # into an infinite loop, continuously re-executing ourselves.
  if test x"${_as_can_reexec}" != xno && test "x$CONFIG_SHELL" != x; then
    _as_can_reexec=no; export _as_can_reexec;
    # We cannot yet assume a decent shell, so we have to provide a
# neutralization value for shells without unset; and this also
# works around shells that cannot unset nonexistent variables.
# Preserve -v and -x to the replacement shell.
BASH_ENV=/dev/null
ENV=/dev/null
(unset BASH_ENV) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset BASH_ENV ENV
case $- in # ((((
  *v*x* | *x*v* ) as_opts=-vx ;;
  *v* ) as_opts=-v ;;
  *x* ) as_opts=-x ;;
  * ) as_opts= ;;
esac
exec $CONFIG_SHELL $as_opts "$as_myself" ${1+"$@"}
# Admittedly, this is quite paranoid, since all the known shells bail
# out after a failed `exec'.
$as_echo "$0: could not re-execute with $CONFIG_SHELL" >&2
as_fn_exit 255
  fi
  # We don't want this to propagate to other subprocesses.
          { _as_can_reexec=; unset _as_can_reexec;}
if test "x$CONFIG_SHELL" = x; then
  as_bourne_compatible="if test -n \"\${ZSH_VERSION+set}\" && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1; then :
  emulate sh
  NULLCMD=:
  # Pre-4.2 versions of Zsh do word splitting on \${1+\"\$@\"}, which
  # is contrary to our usage.  Disable this feature.
  alias -g '\${1+\"\$@\"}'='\"\$@\"'
  setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST
else
  case \`(set -o) 2>/dev/null\` in #(
  *posix*) :
    set -o posix ;; #(
  *) :
     ;;
esac
fi
"
  as_required="as_fn_return () { (exit \$1); }
as_fn_success () { as_fn_return 0; }
as_fn_failure () { as_fn_return 1; }
as_fn_ret_success () { return 0; }
as_fn_ret_failure () { return 1; }

exitcode=0
as_fn_success || { exitcode=1; echo as_fn_success failed.; }
as_fn_failure && { exitcode=1; echo as_fn_failure succeeded.; }
as_fn_ret_success || { exitcode=1; echo as_fn_ret_success failed.; }
as_fn_ret_failure && { exitcode=1; echo as_fn_ret_failure succeeded.; }
if ( set x; as_fn_ret_success y && test x = \"\$1\" ); then :

else
  exitcode=1; echo positional parameters were not saved.
fi
test x\$exitcode = x0 || exit 1
test -x / || exit 1"
  as_suggested="  as_lineno_1=";as_suggested=$as_suggested$LINENO;as_suggested=$as_suggested" as_lineno_1a=\$LINENO
  as_lineno_2=";as_suggested=$as_suggested$LINENO;as_suggested=$as_suggested" as_lineno_2a=\$LINENO
  eval 'test \"x\$as_lineno_1'\$as_run'\" != \"x\$as_lineno_2'\$as_run'\" &&
  test \"x\`expr \$as_lineno_1'\$as_run' + 1\`\" = \"x\$as_lineno_2'\$as_run'\"' || exit 1
test \$(( 1 + 1 )) = 2 || exit 1"
  if (eval "$as_required") 2>/dev/null; then :
  as_have_required=yes
else
  as_have_required=no
fi
  if test x$as_have_required = xyes && (eval "$as_suggested") 2>/dev/null; then :

else
  as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
as_found=false
for as_dir in /bin$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/bin$PATH_SEPARATOR$PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
  as_found=:
  case $as_dir in #(
	 /*)
	   for as_base in sh bash ksh sh5; do
	     # Try only shells that exist, to save several forks.
	     as_shell=$as_dir/$as_base
	     if { test -f "$as_shell" || test -f "$as_shell.exe"; } &&
		    { $as_echo "$as_bourne_compatible""$as_required" | as_run=a "$as_shell"; } 2>/dev/null; then :
  CONFIG_SHELL=$as_shell as_have_required=yes
		   if { $as_echo "$as_bourne_compatible""$as_suggested" | as_run=a "$as_shell"; } 2>/dev/null; then :
  break 2
fi
fi
	   done;;
       esac
  as_found=false
done
$as_found || { if { test -f "$SHELL" || test -f "$SHELL.exe"; } &&
	      { $as_echo "$as_bourne_compatible""$as_required" | as_run=a "$SHELL"; } 2>/dev/null; then :
  CONFIG_SHELL=$SHELL as_have_required=yes
fi; }
IFS=$as_save_IFS


      if test "x$CONFIG_SHELL" != x; then :
  export CONFIG_SHELL
             # We cannot yet assume a decent shell, so we have to provide a
# neutralization value for shells without unset; and this also
# works around shells that cannot unset nonexistent variables.
# Preserve -v and -x to the replacement shell.
BASH_ENV=/dev/null
ENV=/dev/null
(unset BASH_ENV) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset BASH_ENV ENV
case $- in # ((((
  *v*x* | *x*v* ) as_opts=-vx ;;
  *v* ) as_opts=-v ;;
  *x* ) as_opts=-x ;;
  * ) as_opts= ;;
esac
exec $CONFIG_SHELL $as_opts "$as_myself" ${1+"$@"}
# Admittedly, this is quite paranoid, since all the known shells bail
# out after a failed `exec'.
$as_echo "$0: could not re-execute with $CONFIG_SHELL" >&2
exit 255
fi

    if test x$as_have_required = xno; then :
  $as_echo "$0: This script requires a shell more modern than all"
  $as_echo "$0: the shells that I found on your system."
  if test x${ZSH_VERSION+set} = xset ; then
    $as_echo "$0: In particular, zsh $ZSH_VERSION has bugs and should"
    $as_echo "$0: be upgraded to zsh 4.3.4 or later."
  else
    $as_echo "$0: Please tell bug-autoconf@gnu.org about your system,
$0: including any error possibly output before this
$0: message. Then install a modern shell, or manually run
$0: the script under such a shell if you do have one."
  fi
  exit 1
fi
fi
fi
SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh}
export SHELL
# Unset more variables known to interfere with behavior of common tools.
CLICOLOR_FORCE= GREP_OPTIONS=
unset CLICOLOR_FORCE GREP_OPTIONS

## --------------------- ##
## M4sh Shell Functions. ##
## --------------------- ##
# as_fn_unset VAR
# ---------------
# Portably unset VAR.
as_fn_unset ()
{
  { eval $1=; unset $1;}
}
as_unset=as_fn_unset

# as_fn_set_status STATUS
# -----------------------
# Set $? to STATUS, without forking.
as_fn_set_status ()
{
  return $1
} # as_fn_set_status

# as_fn_exit STATUS
# -----------------
# Exit the shell with STATUS, even in a "trap 0" or "set -e" context.
as_fn_exit ()
{
  set +e
  as_fn_set_status $1
  exit $1
} # as_fn_exit

# as_fn_mkdir_p
# -------------
# Create "$as_dir" as a directory, including parents if necessary.
as_fn_mkdir_p ()
{

  case $as_dir in #(
  -*) as_dir=./$as_dir;;
  esac
  test -d "$as_dir" || eval $as_mkdir_p || {
    as_dirs=
    while :; do
      case $as_dir in #(
      *\'*) as_qdir=`$as_echo "$as_dir" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"`;; #'(
      *) as_qdir=$as_dir;;
      esac
      as_dirs="'$as_qdir' $as_dirs"
      as_dir=`$as_dirname -- "$as_dir" ||
$as_expr X"$as_dir" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)//*[^/][^/]*/*$' \| \
	 X"$as_dir" : 'X\(//\)[^/]' \| \
	 X"$as_dir" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \
	 X"$as_dir" : 'X\(/\)' \| . 2>/dev/null ||
$as_echo X"$as_dir" |
    sed '/^X\(.*[^/]\)\/\/*[^/][^/]*\/*$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)[^/].*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\).*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  s/.*/./; q'`
      test -d "$as_dir" && break
    done
    test -z "$as_dirs" || eval "mkdir $as_dirs"
  } || test -d "$as_dir" || as_fn_error $? "cannot create directory $as_dir"


} # as_fn_mkdir_p

# as_fn_executable_p FILE
# -----------------------
# Test if FILE is an executable regular file.
as_fn_executable_p ()
{
  test -f "$1" && test -x "$1"
} # as_fn_executable_p
# as_fn_append VAR VALUE
# ----------------------
# Append the text in VALUE to the end of the definition contained in VAR. Take
# advantage of any shell optimizations that allow amortized linear growth over
# repeated appends, instead of the typical quadratic growth present in naive
# implementations.
if (eval "as_var=1; as_var+=2; test x\$as_var = x12") 2>/dev/null; then :
  eval 'as_fn_append ()
  {
    eval $1+=\$2
  }'
else
  as_fn_append ()
  {
    eval $1=\$$1\$2
  }
fi # as_fn_append

# as_fn_arith ARG...
# ------------------
# Perform arithmetic evaluation on the ARGs, and store the result in the
# global $as_val. Take advantage of shells that can avoid forks. The arguments
# must be portable across $(()) and expr.
if (eval "test \$(( 1 + 1 )) = 2") 2>/dev/null; then :
  eval 'as_fn_arith ()
  {
    as_val=$(( $* ))
  }'
else
  as_fn_arith ()
  {
    as_val=`expr "$@" || test $? -eq 1`
  }
fi # as_fn_arith


# as_fn_error STATUS ERROR [LINENO LOG_FD]
# ----------------------------------------
# Output "`basename $0`: error: ERROR" to stderr. If LINENO and LOG_FD are
# provided, also output the error to LOG_FD, referencing LINENO. Then exit the
# script with STATUS, using 1 if that was 0.
as_fn_error ()
{
  as_status=$1; test $as_status -eq 0 && as_status=1
  if test "$4"; then
    as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$3"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: $2" >&$4
  fi
  $as_echo "$as_me: error: $2" >&2
  as_fn_exit $as_status
} # as_fn_error

if expr a : '\(a\)' >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
   test "X`expr 00001 : '.*\(...\)'`" = X001; then
  as_expr=expr
else
  as_expr=false
fi

if (basename -- /) >/dev/null 2>&1 && test "X`basename -- / 2>&1`" = "X/"; then
  as_basename=basename
else
  as_basename=false
fi

if (as_dir=`dirname -- /` && test "X$as_dir" = X/) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  as_dirname=dirname
else
  as_dirname=false
fi

as_me=`$as_basename -- "$0" ||
$as_expr X/"$0" : '.*/\([^/][^/]*\)/*$' \| \
	 X"$0" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \
	 X"$0" : 'X\(/\)' \| . 2>/dev/null ||
$as_echo X/"$0" |
    sed '/^.*\/\([^/][^/]*\)\/*$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\/\(\/\/\)$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\/\(\/\).*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  s/.*/./; q'`

# Avoid depending upon Character Ranges.
as_cr_letters='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
as_cr_LETTERS='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
as_cr_Letters=$as_cr_letters$as_cr_LETTERS
as_cr_digits='0123456789'
as_cr_alnum=$as_cr_Letters$as_cr_digits


  as_lineno_1=$LINENO as_lineno_1a=$LINENO
  as_lineno_2=$LINENO as_lineno_2a=$LINENO
  eval 'test "x$as_lineno_1'$as_run'" != "x$as_lineno_2'$as_run'" &&
  test "x`expr $as_lineno_1'$as_run' + 1`" = "x$as_lineno_2'$as_run'"' || {
  # Blame Lee E. McMahon (1931-1989) for sed's syntax.  :-)
  sed -n '
    p
    /[$]LINENO/=
  ' <$as_myself |
    sed '
      s/[$]LINENO.*/&-/
      t lineno
      b
      :lineno
      N
      :loop
      s/[$]LINENO\([^'$as_cr_alnum'_].*\n\)\(.*\)/\2\1\2/
      t loop
      s/-\n.*//
    ' >$as_me.lineno &&
  chmod +x "$as_me.lineno" ||
    { $as_echo "$as_me: error: cannot create $as_me.lineno; rerun with a POSIX shell" >&2; as_fn_exit 1; }

  # If we had to re-execute with $CONFIG_SHELL, we're ensured to have
  # already done that, so ensure we don't try to do so again and fall
  # in an infinite loop.  This has already happened in practice.
  _as_can_reexec=no; export _as_can_reexec
  # Don't try to exec as it changes $[0], causing all sort of problems
  # (the dirname of $[0] is not the place where we might find the
  # original and so on.  Autoconf is especially sensitive to this).
  . "./$as_me.lineno"
  # Exit status is that of the last command.
  exit
}

ECHO_C= ECHO_N= ECHO_T=
case `echo -n x` in #(((((
-n*)
  case `echo 'xy\c'` in
  *c*) ECHO_T='	';;	# ECHO_T is single tab character.
  xy)  ECHO_C='\c';;
  *)   echo `echo ksh88 bug on AIX 6.1` > /dev/null
       ECHO_T='	';;
  esac;;
*)
  ECHO_N='-n';;
esac

rm -f conf$$ conf$$.exe conf$$.file
if test -d conf$$.dir; then
  rm -f conf$$.dir/conf$$.file
else
  rm -f conf$$.dir
  mkdir conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null
fi
if (echo >conf$$.file) 2>/dev/null; then
  if ln -s conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then
    as_ln_s='ln -s'
    # ... but there are two gotchas:
    # 1) On MSYS, both `ln -s file dir' and `ln file dir' fail.
    # 2) DJGPP < 2.04 has no symlinks; `ln -s' creates a wrapper executable.
    # In both cases, we have to default to `cp -pR'.
    ln -s conf$$.file conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null && test ! -f conf$$.exe ||
      as_ln_s='cp -pR'
  elif ln conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then
    as_ln_s=ln
  else
    as_ln_s='cp -pR'
  fi
else
  as_ln_s='cp -pR'
fi
rm -f conf$$ conf$$.exe conf$$.dir/conf$$.file conf$$.file
rmdir conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null

if mkdir -p . 2>/dev/null; then
  as_mkdir_p='mkdir -p "$as_dir"'
else
  test -d ./-p && rmdir ./-p
  as_mkdir_p=false
fi

as_test_x='test -x'
as_executable_p=as_fn_executable_p

# Sed expression to map a string onto a valid CPP name.
as_tr_cpp="eval sed 'y%*$as_cr_letters%P$as_cr_LETTERS%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'"

# Sed expression to map a string onto a valid variable name.
as_tr_sh="eval sed 'y%*+%pp%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'"


test -n "$DJDIR" || exec 7<&0 &1

# Name of the host.
# hostname on some systems (SVR3.2, old GNU/Linux) returns a bogus exit status,
# so uname gets run too.
ac_hostname=`(hostname || uname -n) 2>/dev/null | sed 1q`

#
# Initializations.
#
ac_default_prefix=/usr/local
ac_clean_files=
ac_config_libobj_dir=.
LIBOBJS=
cross_compiling=no
subdirs=
MFLAGS=
MAKEFLAGS=

# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='ucblogo'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='ucblogo'
PACKAGE_VERSION='6.1'
PACKAGE_STRING='ucblogo 6.1'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT=''
PACKAGE_URL=''

# Factoring default headers for most tests.
ac_includes_default="\
#include 
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
# include 
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
# include 
#endif
#ifdef STDC_HEADERS
# include 
# include 
#else
# ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#  include 
# endif
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
# if !defined STDC_HEADERS && defined HAVE_MEMORY_H
#  include 
# endif
# include 
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
# include 
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
# include 
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
# include 
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
# include 
#endif"

ac_subst_vars='LTLIBOBJS
LIBOBJS
GRAPHICSFILE
GRAPHICSOFILE
LINKER
TERMFILE
TERMOFILE
WXSRCFILES
WXOFILES
EGREP
GREP
X_EXTRA_LIBS
X_LIBS
X_PRE_LIBS
X_CFLAGS
CPP
XMKMF
ac_ct_CXX
CXXFLAGS
CXX
OBJEXT
EXEEXT
ac_ct_CC
CPPFLAGS
LDFLAGS
CFLAGS
CC
target_alias
host_alias
build_alias
LIBS
ECHO_T
ECHO_N
ECHO_C
DEFS
mandir
localedir
libdir
psdir
pdfdir
dvidir
htmldir
infodir
docdir
oldincludedir
includedir
localstatedir
sharedstatedir
sysconfdir
datadir
datarootdir
libexecdir
sbindir
bindir
program_transform_name
prefix
exec_prefix
PACKAGE_URL
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT
PACKAGE_STRING
PACKAGE_VERSION
PACKAGE_TARNAME
PACKAGE_NAME
PATH_SEPARATOR
SHELL'
ac_subst_files=''
ac_user_opts='
enable_option_checking
with_wx_config
with_x
'
      ac_precious_vars='build_alias
host_alias
target_alias
CC
CFLAGS
LDFLAGS
LIBS
CPPFLAGS
CXX
CXXFLAGS
CCC
XMKMF
CPP'


# Initialize some variables set by options.
ac_init_help=
ac_init_version=false
ac_unrecognized_opts=
ac_unrecognized_sep=
# The variables have the same names as the options, with
# dashes changed to underlines.
cache_file=/dev/null
exec_prefix=NONE
no_create=
no_recursion=
prefix=NONE
program_prefix=NONE
program_suffix=NONE
program_transform_name=s,x,x,
silent=
site=
srcdir=
verbose=
x_includes=NONE
x_libraries=NONE

# Installation directory options.
# These are left unexpanded so users can "make install exec_prefix=/foo"
# and all the variables that are supposed to be based on exec_prefix
# by default will actually change.
# Use braces instead of parens because sh, perl, etc. also accept them.
# (The list follows the same order as the GNU Coding Standards.)
bindir='${exec_prefix}/bin'
sbindir='${exec_prefix}/sbin'
libexecdir='${exec_prefix}/libexec'
datarootdir='${prefix}/share'
datadir='${datarootdir}'
sysconfdir='${prefix}/etc'
sharedstatedir='${prefix}/com'
localstatedir='${prefix}/var'
includedir='${prefix}/include'
oldincludedir='/usr/include'
docdir='${datarootdir}/doc/${PACKAGE_TARNAME}'
infodir='${datarootdir}/info'
htmldir='${docdir}'
dvidir='${docdir}'
pdfdir='${docdir}'
psdir='${docdir}'
libdir='${exec_prefix}/lib'
localedir='${datarootdir}/locale'
mandir='${datarootdir}/man'

ac_prev=
ac_dashdash=
for ac_option
do
  # If the previous option needs an argument, assign it.
  if test -n "$ac_prev"; then
    eval $ac_prev=\$ac_option
    ac_prev=
    continue
  fi

  case $ac_option in
  *=?*) ac_optarg=`expr "X$ac_option" : '[^=]*=\(.*\)'` ;;
  *=)   ac_optarg= ;;
  *)    ac_optarg=yes ;;
  esac

  # Accept the important Cygnus configure options, so we can diagnose typos.

  case $ac_dashdash$ac_option in
  --)
    ac_dashdash=yes ;;

  -bindir | --bindir | --bindi | --bind | --bin | --bi)
    ac_prev=bindir ;;
  -bindir=* | --bindir=* | --bindi=* | --bind=* | --bin=* | --bi=*)
    bindir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -build | --build | --buil | --bui | --bu)
    ac_prev=build_alias ;;
  -build=* | --build=* | --buil=* | --bui=* | --bu=*)
    build_alias=$ac_optarg ;;

  -cache-file | --cache-file | --cache-fil | --cache-fi \
  | --cache-f | --cache- | --cache | --cach | --cac | --ca | --c)
    ac_prev=cache_file ;;
  -cache-file=* | --cache-file=* | --cache-fil=* | --cache-fi=* \
  | --cache-f=* | --cache-=* | --cache=* | --cach=* | --cac=* | --ca=* | --c=*)
    cache_file=$ac_optarg ;;

  --config-cache | -C)
    cache_file=config.cache ;;

  -datadir | --datadir | --datadi | --datad)
    ac_prev=datadir ;;
  -datadir=* | --datadir=* | --datadi=* | --datad=*)
    datadir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -datarootdir | --datarootdir | --datarootdi | --datarootd | --dataroot \
  | --dataroo | --dataro | --datar)
    ac_prev=datarootdir ;;
  -datarootdir=* | --datarootdir=* | --datarootdi=* | --datarootd=* \
  | --dataroot=* | --dataroo=* | --dataro=* | --datar=*)
    datarootdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -disable-* | --disable-*)
    ac_useropt=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x-*disable-\(.*\)'`
    # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names.
    expr "x$ac_useropt" : ".*[^-+._$as_cr_alnum]" >/dev/null &&
      as_fn_error $? "invalid feature name: $ac_useropt"
    ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt
    ac_useropt=`$as_echo "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'`
    case $ac_user_opts in
      *"
"enable_$ac_useropt"
"*) ;;
      *) ac_unrecognized_opts="$ac_unrecognized_opts$ac_unrecognized_sep--disable-$ac_useropt_orig"
	 ac_unrecognized_sep=', ';;
    esac
    eval enable_$ac_useropt=no ;;

  -docdir | --docdir | --docdi | --doc | --do)
    ac_prev=docdir ;;
  -docdir=* | --docdir=* | --docdi=* | --doc=* | --do=*)
    docdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -dvidir | --dvidir | --dvidi | --dvid | --dvi | --dv)
    ac_prev=dvidir ;;
  -dvidir=* | --dvidir=* | --dvidi=* | --dvid=* | --dvi=* | --dv=*)
    dvidir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -enable-* | --enable-*)
    ac_useropt=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x-*enable-\([^=]*\)'`
    # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names.
    expr "x$ac_useropt" : ".*[^-+._$as_cr_alnum]" >/dev/null &&
      as_fn_error $? "invalid feature name: $ac_useropt"
    ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt
    ac_useropt=`$as_echo "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'`
    case $ac_user_opts in
      *"
"enable_$ac_useropt"
"*) ;;
      *) ac_unrecognized_opts="$ac_unrecognized_opts$ac_unrecognized_sep--enable-$ac_useropt_orig"
	 ac_unrecognized_sep=', ';;
    esac
    eval enable_$ac_useropt=\$ac_optarg ;;

  -exec-prefix | --exec_prefix | --exec-prefix | --exec-prefi \
  | --exec-pref | --exec-pre | --exec-pr | --exec-p | --exec- \
  | --exec | --exe | --ex)
    ac_prev=exec_prefix ;;
  -exec-prefix=* | --exec_prefix=* | --exec-prefix=* | --exec-prefi=* \
  | --exec-pref=* | --exec-pre=* | --exec-pr=* | --exec-p=* | --exec-=* \
  | --exec=* | --exe=* | --ex=*)
    exec_prefix=$ac_optarg ;;

  -gas | --gas | --ga | --g)
    # Obsolete; use --with-gas.
    with_gas=yes ;;

  -help | --help | --hel | --he | -h)
    ac_init_help=long ;;
  -help=r* | --help=r* | --hel=r* | --he=r* | -hr*)
    ac_init_help=recursive ;;
  -help=s* | --help=s* | --hel=s* | --he=s* | -hs*)
    ac_init_help=short ;;

  -host | --host | --hos | --ho)
    ac_prev=host_alias ;;
  -host=* | --host=* | --hos=* | --ho=*)
    host_alias=$ac_optarg ;;

  -htmldir | --htmldir | --htmldi | --htmld | --html | --htm | --ht)
    ac_prev=htmldir ;;
  -htmldir=* | --htmldir=* | --htmldi=* | --htmld=* | --html=* | --htm=* \
  | --ht=*)
    htmldir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -includedir | --includedir | --includedi | --included | --include \
  | --includ | --inclu | --incl | --inc)
    ac_prev=includedir ;;
  -includedir=* | --includedir=* | --includedi=* | --included=* | --include=* \
  | --includ=* | --inclu=* | --incl=* | --inc=*)
    includedir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -infodir | --infodir | --infodi | --infod | --info | --inf)
    ac_prev=infodir ;;
  -infodir=* | --infodir=* | --infodi=* | --infod=* | --info=* | --inf=*)
    infodir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -libdir | --libdir | --libdi | --libd)
    ac_prev=libdir ;;
  -libdir=* | --libdir=* | --libdi=* | --libd=*)
    libdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -libexecdir | --libexecdir | --libexecdi | --libexecd | --libexec \
  | --libexe | --libex | --libe)
    ac_prev=libexecdir ;;
  -libexecdir=* | --libexecdir=* | --libexecdi=* | --libexecd=* | --libexec=* \
  | --libexe=* | --libex=* | --libe=*)
    libexecdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -localedir | --localedir | --localedi | --localed | --locale)
    ac_prev=localedir ;;
  -localedir=* | --localedir=* | --localedi=* | --localed=* | --locale=*)
    localedir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -localstatedir | --localstatedir | --localstatedi | --localstated \
  | --localstate | --localstat | --localsta | --localst | --locals)
    ac_prev=localstatedir ;;
  -localstatedir=* | --localstatedir=* | --localstatedi=* | --localstated=* \
  | --localstate=* | --localstat=* | --localsta=* | --localst=* | --locals=*)
    localstatedir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -mandir | --mandir | --mandi | --mand | --man | --ma | --m)
    ac_prev=mandir ;;
  -mandir=* | --mandir=* | --mandi=* | --mand=* | --man=* | --ma=* | --m=*)
    mandir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -nfp | --nfp | --nf)
    # Obsolete; use --without-fp.
    with_fp=no ;;

  -no-create | --no-create | --no-creat | --no-crea | --no-cre \
  | --no-cr | --no-c | -n)
    no_create=yes ;;

  -no-recursion | --no-recursion | --no-recursio | --no-recursi \
  | --no-recurs | --no-recur | --no-recu | --no-rec | --no-re | --no-r)
    no_recursion=yes ;;

  -oldincludedir | --oldincludedir | --oldincludedi | --oldincluded \
  | --oldinclude | --oldinclud | --oldinclu | --oldincl | --oldinc \
  | --oldin | --oldi | --old | --ol | --o)
    ac_prev=oldincludedir ;;
  -oldincludedir=* | --oldincludedir=* | --oldincludedi=* | --oldincluded=* \
  | --oldinclude=* | --oldinclud=* | --oldinclu=* | --oldincl=* | --oldinc=* \
  | --oldin=* | --oldi=* | --old=* | --ol=* | --o=*)
    oldincludedir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -prefix | --prefix | --prefi | --pref | --pre | --pr | --p)
    ac_prev=prefix ;;
  -prefix=* | --prefix=* | --prefi=* | --pref=* | --pre=* | --pr=* | --p=*)
    prefix=$ac_optarg ;;

  -program-prefix | --program-prefix | --program-prefi | --program-pref \
  | --program-pre | --program-pr | --program-p)
    ac_prev=program_prefix ;;
  -program-prefix=* | --program-prefix=* | --program-prefi=* \
  | --program-pref=* | --program-pre=* | --program-pr=* | --program-p=*)
    program_prefix=$ac_optarg ;;

  -program-suffix | --program-suffix | --program-suffi | --program-suff \
  | --program-suf | --program-su | --program-s)
    ac_prev=program_suffix ;;
  -program-suffix=* | --program-suffix=* | --program-suffi=* \
  | --program-suff=* | --program-suf=* | --program-su=* | --program-s=*)
    program_suffix=$ac_optarg ;;

  -program-transform-name | --program-transform-name \
  | --program-transform-nam | --program-transform-na \
  | --program-transform-n | --program-transform- \
  | --program-transform | --program-transfor \
  | --program-transfo | --program-transf \
  | --program-trans | --program-tran \
  | --progr-tra | --program-tr | --program-t)
    ac_prev=program_transform_name ;;
  -program-transform-name=* | --program-transform-name=* \
  | --program-transform-nam=* | --program-transform-na=* \
  | --program-transform-n=* | --program-transform-=* \
  | --program-transform=* | --program-transfor=* \
  | --program-transfo=* | --program-transf=* \
  | --program-trans=* | --program-tran=* \
  | --progr-tra=* | --program-tr=* | --program-t=*)
    program_transform_name=$ac_optarg ;;

  -pdfdir | --pdfdir | --pdfdi | --pdfd | --pdf | --pd)
    ac_prev=pdfdir ;;
  -pdfdir=* | --pdfdir=* | --pdfdi=* | --pdfd=* | --pdf=* | --pd=*)
    pdfdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -psdir | --psdir | --psdi | --psd | --ps)
    ac_prev=psdir ;;
  -psdir=* | --psdir=* | --psdi=* | --psd=* | --ps=*)
    psdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -q | -quiet | --quiet | --quie | --qui | --qu | --q \
  | -silent | --silent | --silen | --sile | --sil)
    silent=yes ;;

  -sbindir | --sbindir | --sbindi | --sbind | --sbin | --sbi | --sb)
    ac_prev=sbindir ;;
  -sbindir=* | --sbindir=* | --sbindi=* | --sbind=* | --sbin=* \
  | --sbi=* | --sb=*)
    sbindir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -sharedstatedir | --sharedstatedir | --sharedstatedi \
  | --sharedstated | --sharedstate | --sharedstat | --sharedsta \
  | --sharedst | --shareds | --shared | --share | --shar \
  | --sha | --sh)
    ac_prev=sharedstatedir ;;
  -sharedstatedir=* | --sharedstatedir=* | --sharedstatedi=* \
  | --sharedstated=* | --sharedstate=* | --sharedstat=* | --sharedsta=* \
  | --sharedst=* | --shareds=* | --shared=* | --share=* | --shar=* \
  | --sha=* | --sh=*)
    sharedstatedir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -site | --site | --sit)
    ac_prev=site ;;
  -site=* | --site=* | --sit=*)
    site=$ac_optarg ;;

  -srcdir | --srcdir | --srcdi | --srcd | --src | --sr)
    ac_prev=srcdir ;;
  -srcdir=* | --srcdir=* | --srcdi=* | --srcd=* | --src=* | --sr=*)
    srcdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -sysconfdir | --sysconfdir | --sysconfdi | --sysconfd | --sysconf \
  | --syscon | --sysco | --sysc | --sys | --sy)
    ac_prev=sysconfdir ;;
  -sysconfdir=* | --sysconfdir=* | --sysconfdi=* | --sysconfd=* | --sysconf=* \
  | --syscon=* | --sysco=* | --sysc=* | --sys=* | --sy=*)
    sysconfdir=$ac_optarg ;;

  -target | --target | --targe | --targ | --tar | --ta | --t)
    ac_prev=target_alias ;;
  -target=* | --target=* | --targe=* | --targ=* | --tar=* | --ta=* | --t=*)
    target_alias=$ac_optarg ;;

  -v | -verbose | --verbose | --verbos | --verbo | --verb)
    verbose=yes ;;

  -version | --version | --versio | --versi | --vers | -V)
    ac_init_version=: ;;

  -with-* | --with-*)
    ac_useropt=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x-*with-\([^=]*\)'`
    # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names.
    expr "x$ac_useropt" : ".*[^-+._$as_cr_alnum]" >/dev/null &&
      as_fn_error $? "invalid package name: $ac_useropt"
    ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt
    ac_useropt=`$as_echo "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'`
    case $ac_user_opts in
      *"
"with_$ac_useropt"
"*) ;;
      *) ac_unrecognized_opts="$ac_unrecognized_opts$ac_unrecognized_sep--with-$ac_useropt_orig"
	 ac_unrecognized_sep=', ';;
    esac
    eval with_$ac_useropt=\$ac_optarg ;;

  -without-* | --without-*)
    ac_useropt=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x-*without-\(.*\)'`
    # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names.
    expr "x$ac_useropt" : ".*[^-+._$as_cr_alnum]" >/dev/null &&
      as_fn_error $? "invalid package name: $ac_useropt"
    ac_useropt_orig=$ac_useropt
    ac_useropt=`$as_echo "$ac_useropt" | sed 's/[-+.]/_/g'`
    case $ac_user_opts in
      *"
"with_$ac_useropt"
"*) ;;
      *) ac_unrecognized_opts="$ac_unrecognized_opts$ac_unrecognized_sep--without-$ac_useropt_orig"
	 ac_unrecognized_sep=', ';;
    esac
    eval with_$ac_useropt=no ;;

  --x)
    # Obsolete; use --with-x.
    with_x=yes ;;

  -x-includes | --x-includes | --x-include | --x-includ | --x-inclu \
  | --x-incl | --x-inc | --x-in | --x-i)
    ac_prev=x_includes ;;
  -x-includes=* | --x-includes=* | --x-include=* | --x-includ=* | --x-inclu=* \
  | --x-incl=* | --x-inc=* | --x-in=* | --x-i=*)
    x_includes=$ac_optarg ;;

  -x-libraries | --x-libraries | --x-librarie | --x-librari \
  | --x-librar | --x-libra | --x-libr | --x-lib | --x-li | --x-l)
    ac_prev=x_libraries ;;
  -x-libraries=* | --x-libraries=* | --x-librarie=* | --x-librari=* \
  | --x-librar=* | --x-libra=* | --x-libr=* | --x-lib=* | --x-li=* | --x-l=*)
    x_libraries=$ac_optarg ;;

  -*) as_fn_error $? "unrecognized option: \`$ac_option'
Try \`$0 --help' for more information"
    ;;

  *=*)
    ac_envvar=`expr "x$ac_option" : 'x\([^=]*\)='`
    # Reject names that are not valid shell variable names.
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      as_fn_error $? "invalid variable name: \`$ac_envvar'" ;;
    esac
    eval $ac_envvar=\$ac_optarg
    export $ac_envvar ;;

  *)
    # FIXME: should be removed in autoconf 3.0.
    $as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: you should use --build, --host, --target" >&2
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      $as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: invalid host type: $ac_option" >&2
    : "${build_alias=$ac_option} ${host_alias=$ac_option} ${target_alias=$ac_option}"
    ;;

  esac
done

if test -n "$ac_prev"; then
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  as_fn_error $? "missing argument to $ac_option"
fi

if test -n "$ac_unrecognized_opts"; then
  case $enable_option_checking in
    no) ;;
    fatal) as_fn_error $? "unrecognized options: $ac_unrecognized_opts" ;;
    *)     $as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: unrecognized options: $ac_unrecognized_opts" >&2 ;;
  esac
fi

# Check all directory arguments for consistency.
for ac_var in	exec_prefix prefix bindir sbindir libexecdir datarootdir \
		datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir includedir \
		oldincludedir docdir infodir htmldir dvidir pdfdir psdir \
		libdir localedir mandir
do
  eval ac_val=\$$ac_var
  # Remove trailing slashes.
  case $ac_val in
    */ )
      ac_val=`expr "X$ac_val" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)' \| "X$ac_val" : 'X\(.*\)'`
      eval $ac_var=\$ac_val;;
  esac
  # Be sure to have absolute directory names.
  case $ac_val in
    [\\/$]* | ?:[\\/]* )  continue;;
    NONE | '' ) case $ac_var in *prefix ) continue;; esac;;
  esac
  as_fn_error $? "expected an absolute directory name for --$ac_var: $ac_val"
done

# There might be people who depend on the old broken behavior: `$host'
# used to hold the argument of --host etc.
# FIXME: To remove some day.
build=$build_alias
host=$host_alias
target=$target_alias

# FIXME: To remove some day.
if test "x$host_alias" != x; then
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  elif test "x$build_alias" != "x$host_alias"; then
    cross_compiling=yes
  fi
fi

ac_tool_prefix=
test -n "$host_alias" && ac_tool_prefix=$host_alias-

test "$silent" = yes && exec 6>/dev/null


ac_pwd=`pwd` && test -n "$ac_pwd" &&
ac_ls_di=`ls -di .` &&
ac_pwd_ls_di=`cd "$ac_pwd" && ls -di .` ||
  as_fn_error $? "working directory cannot be determined"
test "X$ac_ls_di" = "X$ac_pwd_ls_di" ||
  as_fn_error $? "pwd does not report name of working directory"


# Find the source files, if location was not specified.
if test -z "$srcdir"; then
  ac_srcdir_defaulted=yes
  # Try the directory containing this script, then the parent directory.
  ac_confdir=`$as_dirname -- "$as_myself" ||
$as_expr X"$as_myself" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)//*[^/][^/]*/*$' \| \
	 X"$as_myself" : 'X\(//\)[^/]' \| \
	 X"$as_myself" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \
	 X"$as_myself" : 'X\(/\)' \| . 2>/dev/null ||
$as_echo X"$as_myself" |
    sed '/^X\(.*[^/]\)\/\/*[^/][^/]*\/*$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)[^/].*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\).*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  s/.*/./; q'`
  srcdir=$ac_confdir
  if test ! -r "$srcdir/$ac_unique_file"; then
    srcdir=..
  fi
else
  ac_srcdir_defaulted=no
fi
if test ! -r "$srcdir/$ac_unique_file"; then
  test "$ac_srcdir_defaulted" = yes && srcdir="$ac_confdir or .."
  as_fn_error $? "cannot find sources ($ac_unique_file) in $srcdir"
fi
ac_msg="sources are in $srcdir, but \`cd $srcdir' does not work"
ac_abs_confdir=`(
	cd "$srcdir" && test -r "./$ac_unique_file" || as_fn_error $? "$ac_msg"
	pwd)`
# When building in place, set srcdir=.
if test "$ac_abs_confdir" = "$ac_pwd"; then
  srcdir=.
fi
# Remove unnecessary trailing slashes from srcdir.
# Double slashes in file names in object file debugging info
# mess up M-x gdb in Emacs.
case $srcdir in
*/) srcdir=`expr "X$srcdir" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)' \| "X$srcdir" : 'X\(.*\)'`;;
esac
for ac_var in $ac_precious_vars; do
  eval ac_env_${ac_var}_set=\${${ac_var}+set}
  eval ac_env_${ac_var}_value=\$${ac_var}
  eval ac_cv_env_${ac_var}_set=\${${ac_var}+set}
  eval ac_cv_env_${ac_var}_value=\$${ac_var}
done

#
# Report the --help message.
#
if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
  # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
  # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
  cat <<_ACEOF
\`configure' configures ucblogo 6.1 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print \`checking ...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for \`--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or \`..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [$ac_default_prefix]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, \`make install' will install all the files in
\`$ac_default_prefix/bin', \`$ac_default_prefix/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than \`$ac_default_prefix' using \`--prefix',
for instance \`--prefix=\$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
  --bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
  --sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
  --libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
  --sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
  --sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
  --localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
  --libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
  --includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]
  --oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
  --datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
  --datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
  --infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
  --localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
  --mandir=DIR            man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
  --docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/ucblogo]
  --htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]
  --dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
  --pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
  --psdir=DIR             ps documentation [DOCDIR]
_ACEOF

  cat <<\_ACEOF

X features:
  --x-includes=DIR    X include files are in DIR
  --x-libraries=DIR   X library files are in DIR
_ACEOF
fi

if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
  case $ac_init_help in
     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of ucblogo 6.1:";;
   esac
  cat <<\_ACEOF

Optional Packages:
  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
  --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
  --with-wx-config=FILE   Use the given path to wx-config when determining
                            wxWidgets configuration; defaults to "wx-config"
  --with-x                use the X Window System

Some influential environment variables:
  CC          C compiler command
  CFLAGS      C compiler flags
  LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L if you have libraries in a
              nonstandard directory 
  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l
  CPPFLAGS    (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I if
              you have headers in a nonstandard directory 
  CXX         C++ compiler command
  CXXFLAGS    C++ compiler flags
  XMKMF       Path to xmkmf, Makefile generator for X Window System
  CPP         C preprocessor

Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

Report bugs to the package provider.
_ACEOF
ac_status=$?
fi

if test "$ac_init_help" = "recursive"; then
  # If there are subdirs, report their specific --help.
  for ac_dir in : $ac_subdirs_all; do test "x$ac_dir" = x: && continue
    test -d "$ac_dir" ||
      { cd "$srcdir" && ac_pwd=`pwd` && srcdir=. && test -d "$ac_dir"; } ||
      continue
    ac_builddir=.

case "$ac_dir" in
.) ac_dir_suffix= ac_top_builddir_sub=. ac_top_build_prefix= ;;
*)
  ac_dir_suffix=/`$as_echo "$ac_dir" | sed 's|^\.[\\/]||'`
  # A ".." for each directory in $ac_dir_suffix.
  ac_top_builddir_sub=`$as_echo "$ac_dir_suffix" | sed 's|/[^\\/]*|/..|g;s|/||'`
  case $ac_top_builddir_sub in
  "") ac_top_builddir_sub=. ac_top_build_prefix= ;;
  *)  ac_top_build_prefix=$ac_top_builddir_sub/ ;;
  esac ;;
esac
ac_abs_top_builddir=$ac_pwd
ac_abs_builddir=$ac_pwd$ac_dir_suffix
# for backward compatibility:
ac_top_builddir=$ac_top_build_prefix

case $srcdir in
  .)  # We are building in place.
    ac_srcdir=.
    ac_top_srcdir=$ac_top_builddir_sub
    ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_pwd ;;
  [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* )  # Absolute name.
    ac_srcdir=$srcdir$ac_dir_suffix;
    ac_top_srcdir=$srcdir
    ac_abs_top_srcdir=$srcdir ;;
  *) # Relative name.
    ac_srcdir=$ac_top_build_prefix$srcdir$ac_dir_suffix
    ac_top_srcdir=$ac_top_build_prefix$srcdir
    ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_pwd/$srcdir ;;
esac
ac_abs_srcdir=$ac_abs_top_srcdir$ac_dir_suffix

    cd "$ac_dir" || { ac_status=$?; continue; }
    # Check for guested configure.
    if test -f "$ac_srcdir/configure.gnu"; then
      echo &&
      $SHELL "$ac_srcdir/configure.gnu" --help=recursive
    elif test -f "$ac_srcdir/configure"; then
      echo &&
      $SHELL "$ac_srcdir/configure" --help=recursive
    else
      $as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: no configuration information is in $ac_dir" >&2
    fi || ac_status=$?
    cd "$ac_pwd" || { ac_status=$?; break; }
  done
fi

test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
  cat <<\_ACEOF
ucblogo configure 6.1
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69

Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
_ACEOF
  exit
fi

## ------------------------ ##
## Autoconf initialization. ##
## ------------------------ ##

# ac_fn_c_try_compile LINENO
# --------------------------
# Try to compile conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded.
ac_fn_c_try_compile ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
  if { { ac_try="$ac_compile"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.err
  ac_status=$?
  if test -s conftest.err; then
    grep -v '^ *+' conftest.err >conftest.er1
    cat conftest.er1 >&5
    mv -f conftest.er1 conftest.err
  fi
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; } && {
	 test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
	 test ! -s conftest.err
       } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then :
  ac_retval=0
else
  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5

	ac_retval=1
fi
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno
  as_fn_set_status $ac_retval

} # ac_fn_c_try_compile

# ac_fn_cxx_try_compile LINENO
# ----------------------------
# Try to compile conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded.
ac_fn_cxx_try_compile ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
  if { { ac_try="$ac_compile"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.err
  ac_status=$?
  if test -s conftest.err; then
    grep -v '^ *+' conftest.err >conftest.er1
    cat conftest.er1 >&5
    mv -f conftest.er1 conftest.err
  fi
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; } && {
	 test -z "$ac_cxx_werror_flag" ||
	 test ! -s conftest.err
       } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then :
  ac_retval=0
else
  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5

	ac_retval=1
fi
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno
  as_fn_set_status $ac_retval

} # ac_fn_cxx_try_compile

# ac_fn_c_try_cpp LINENO
# ----------------------
# Try to preprocess conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded.
ac_fn_c_try_cpp ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  if { { ac_try="$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>conftest.err
  ac_status=$?
  if test -s conftest.err; then
    grep -v '^ *+' conftest.err >conftest.er1
    cat conftest.er1 >&5
    mv -f conftest.er1 conftest.err
  fi
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; } > conftest.i && {
	 test -z "$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
	 test ! -s conftest.err
       }; then :
  ac_retval=0
else
  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5

    ac_retval=1
fi
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno
  as_fn_set_status $ac_retval

} # ac_fn_c_try_cpp

# ac_fn_c_try_link LINENO
# -----------------------
# Try to link conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded.
ac_fn_c_try_link ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext
  if { { ac_try="$ac_link"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_link") 2>conftest.err
  ac_status=$?
  if test -s conftest.err; then
    grep -v '^ *+' conftest.err >conftest.er1
    cat conftest.er1 >&5
    mv -f conftest.er1 conftest.err
  fi
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; } && {
	 test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
	 test ! -s conftest.err
       } && test -s conftest$ac_exeext && {
	 test "$cross_compiling" = yes ||
	 test -x conftest$ac_exeext
       }; then :
  ac_retval=0
else
  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5

	ac_retval=1
fi
  # Delete the IPA/IPO (Inter Procedural Analysis/Optimization) information
  # created by the PGI compiler (conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo), as it would
  # interfere with the next link command; also delete a directory that is
  # left behind by Apple's compiler.  We do this before executing the actions.
  rm -rf conftest.dSYM conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno
  as_fn_set_status $ac_retval

} # ac_fn_c_try_link

# ac_fn_c_check_func LINENO FUNC VAR
# ----------------------------------
# Tests whether FUNC exists, setting the cache variable VAR accordingly
ac_fn_c_check_func ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $2" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $2... " >&6; }
if eval \${$3+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
/* Define $2 to an innocuous variant, in case  declares $2.
   For example, HP-UX 11i  declares gettimeofday.  */
#define $2 innocuous_$2

/* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes,
    which can conflict with char $2 (); below.
    Prefer  to  if __STDC__ is defined, since
     exists even on freestanding compilers.  */

#ifdef __STDC__
# include 
#else
# include 
#endif

#undef $2

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char $2 ();
/* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements
    to always fail with ENOSYS.  Some functions are actually named
    something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias.  */
#if defined __stub_$2 || defined __stub___$2
choke me
#endif

int
main ()
{
return $2 ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  eval "$3=yes"
else
  eval "$3=no"
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
eval ac_res=\$$3
	       { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_res" >&6; }
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno

} # ac_fn_c_check_func

# ac_fn_c_try_run LINENO
# ----------------------
# Try to link conftest.$ac_ext, and return whether this succeeded. Assumes
# that executables *can* be run.
ac_fn_c_try_run ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  if { { ac_try="$ac_link"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_link") 2>&5
  ac_status=$?
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext'
  { { case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_try") 2>&5
  ac_status=$?
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }; }; then :
  ac_retval=0
else
  $as_echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5
       $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5

       ac_retval=$ac_status
fi
  rm -rf conftest.dSYM conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno
  as_fn_set_status $ac_retval

} # ac_fn_c_try_run

# ac_fn_c_check_header_mongrel LINENO HEADER VAR INCLUDES
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Tests whether HEADER exists, giving a warning if it cannot be compiled using
# the include files in INCLUDES and setting the cache variable VAR
# accordingly.
ac_fn_c_check_header_mongrel ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  if eval \${$3+:} false; then :
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $2" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $2... " >&6; }
if eval \${$3+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
fi
eval ac_res=\$$3
	       { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_res" >&6; }
else
  # Is the header compilable?
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking $2 usability" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking $2 usability... " >&6; }
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
$4
#include <$2>
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_header_compiler=yes
else
  ac_header_compiler=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_header_compiler" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_header_compiler" >&6; }

# Is the header present?
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking $2 presence" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking $2 presence... " >&6; }
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include <$2>
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_header_preproc=yes
else
  ac_header_preproc=no
fi
rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_header_preproc" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_header_preproc" >&6; }

# So?  What about this header?
case $ac_header_compiler:$ac_header_preproc:$ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in #((
  yes:no: )
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $2: accepted by the compiler, rejected by the preprocessor!" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $2: accepted by the compiler, rejected by the preprocessor!" >&2;}
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $2: proceeding with the compiler's result" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $2: proceeding with the compiler's result" >&2;}
    ;;
  no:yes:* )
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $2: present but cannot be compiled" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $2: present but cannot be compiled" >&2;}
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $2:     check for missing prerequisite headers?" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $2:     check for missing prerequisite headers?" >&2;}
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $2: see the Autoconf documentation" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $2: see the Autoconf documentation" >&2;}
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $2:     section \"Present But Cannot Be Compiled\"" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $2:     section \"Present But Cannot Be Compiled\"" >&2;}
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $2: proceeding with the compiler's result" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $2: proceeding with the compiler's result" >&2;}
    ;;
esac
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $2" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $2... " >&6; }
if eval \${$3+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  eval "$3=\$ac_header_compiler"
fi
eval ac_res=\$$3
	       { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_res" >&6; }
fi
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno

} # ac_fn_c_check_header_mongrel

# ac_fn_c_check_header_compile LINENO HEADER VAR INCLUDES
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Tests whether HEADER exists and can be compiled using the include files in
# INCLUDES, setting the cache variable VAR accordingly.
ac_fn_c_check_header_compile ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $2" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $2... " >&6; }
if eval \${$3+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
$4
#include <$2>
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  eval "$3=yes"
else
  eval "$3=no"
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
eval ac_res=\$$3
	       { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_res" >&6; }
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno

} # ac_fn_c_check_header_compile

# ac_fn_c_check_type LINENO TYPE VAR INCLUDES
# -------------------------------------------
# Tests whether TYPE exists after having included INCLUDES, setting cache
# variable VAR accordingly.
ac_fn_c_check_type ()
{
  as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$1"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $2" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $2... " >&6; }
if eval \${$3+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  eval "$3=no"
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
$4
int
main ()
{
if (sizeof ($2))
	 return 0;
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
$4
int
main ()
{
if (sizeof (($2)))
	    return 0;
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :

else
  eval "$3=yes"
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
eval ac_res=\$$3
	       { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_res" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_res" >&6; }
  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno

} # ac_fn_c_check_type
cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.

It was created by ucblogo $as_me 6.1, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was

  $ $0 $@

_ACEOF
exec 5>>config.log
{
cat <<_ASUNAME
## --------- ##
## Platform. ##
## --------- ##

hostname = `(hostname || uname -n) 2>/dev/null | sed 1q`
uname -m = `(uname -m) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown`
uname -r = `(uname -r) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown`
uname -s = `(uname -s) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown`
uname -v = `(uname -v) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown`

/usr/bin/uname -p = `(/usr/bin/uname -p) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown`
/bin/uname -X     = `(/bin/uname -X) 2>/dev/null     || echo unknown`

/bin/arch              = `(/bin/arch) 2>/dev/null              || echo unknown`
/usr/bin/arch -k       = `(/usr/bin/arch -k) 2>/dev/null       || echo unknown`
/usr/convex/getsysinfo = `(/usr/convex/getsysinfo) 2>/dev/null || echo unknown`
/usr/bin/hostinfo      = `(/usr/bin/hostinfo) 2>/dev/null      || echo unknown`
/bin/machine           = `(/bin/machine) 2>/dev/null           || echo unknown`
/usr/bin/oslevel       = `(/usr/bin/oslevel) 2>/dev/null       || echo unknown`
/bin/universe          = `(/bin/universe) 2>/dev/null          || echo unknown`

_ASUNAME

as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    $as_echo "PATH: $as_dir"
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

} >&5

cat >&5 <<_ACEOF


## ----------- ##
## Core tests. ##
## ----------- ##

_ACEOF


# Keep a trace of the command line.
# Strip out --no-create and --no-recursion so they do not pile up.
# Strip out --silent because we don't want to record it for future runs.
# Also quote any args containing shell meta-characters.
# Make two passes to allow for proper duplicate-argument suppression.
ac_configure_args=
ac_configure_args0=
ac_configure_args1=
ac_must_keep_next=false
for ac_pass in 1 2
do
  for ac_arg
  do
    case $ac_arg in
    -no-create | --no-c* | -n | -no-recursion | --no-r*) continue ;;
    -q | -quiet | --quiet | --quie | --qui | --qu | --q \
    | -silent | --silent | --silen | --sile | --sil)
      continue ;;
    *\'*)
      ac_arg=`$as_echo "$ac_arg" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"` ;;
    esac
    case $ac_pass in
    1) as_fn_append ac_configure_args0 " '$ac_arg'" ;;
    2)
      as_fn_append ac_configure_args1 " '$ac_arg'"
      if test $ac_must_keep_next = true; then
	ac_must_keep_next=false # Got value, back to normal.
      else
	case $ac_arg in
	  *=* | --config-cache | -C | -disable-* | --disable-* \
	  | -enable-* | --enable-* | -gas | --g* | -nfp | --nf* \
	  | -q | -quiet | --q* | -silent | --sil* | -v | -verb* \
	  | -with-* | --with-* | -without-* | --without-* | --x)
	    case "$ac_configure_args0 " in
	      "$ac_configure_args1"*" '$ac_arg' "* ) continue ;;
	    esac
	    ;;
	  -* ) ac_must_keep_next=true ;;
	esac
      fi
      as_fn_append ac_configure_args " '$ac_arg'"
      ;;
    esac
  done
done
{ ac_configure_args0=; unset ac_configure_args0;}
{ ac_configure_args1=; unset ac_configure_args1;}

# When interrupted or exit'd, cleanup temporary files, and complete
# config.log.  We remove comments because anyway the quotes in there
# would cause problems or look ugly.
# WARNING: Use '\'' to represent an apostrophe within the trap.
# WARNING: Do not start the trap code with a newline, due to a FreeBSD 4.0 bug.
trap 'exit_status=$?
  # Save into config.log some information that might help in debugging.
  {
    echo

    $as_echo "## ---------------- ##
## Cache variables. ##
## ---------------- ##"
    echo
    # The following way of writing the cache mishandles newlines in values,
(
  for ac_var in `(set) 2>&1 | sed -n '\''s/^\([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)=.*/\1/p'\''`; do
    eval ac_val=\$$ac_var
    case $ac_val in #(
    *${as_nl}*)
      case $ac_var in #(
      *_cv_*) { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cache variable $ac_var contains a newline" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: cache variable $ac_var contains a newline" >&2;} ;;
      esac
      case $ac_var in #(
      _ | IFS | as_nl) ;; #(
      BASH_ARGV | BASH_SOURCE) eval $ac_var= ;; #(
      *) { eval $ac_var=; unset $ac_var;} ;;
      esac ;;
    esac
  done
  (set) 2>&1 |
    case $as_nl`(ac_space='\'' '\''; set) 2>&1` in #(
    *${as_nl}ac_space=\ *)
      sed -n \
	"s/'\''/'\''\\\\'\'''\''/g;
	  s/^\\([_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1='\''\\2'\''/p"
      ;; #(
    *)
      sed -n "/^[_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*=/p"
      ;;
    esac |
    sort
)
    echo

    $as_echo "## ----------------- ##
## Output variables. ##
## ----------------- ##"
    echo
    for ac_var in $ac_subst_vars
    do
      eval ac_val=\$$ac_var
      case $ac_val in
      *\'\''*) ac_val=`$as_echo "$ac_val" | sed "s/'\''/'\''\\\\\\\\'\'''\''/g"`;;
      esac
      $as_echo "$ac_var='\''$ac_val'\''"
    done | sort
    echo

    if test -n "$ac_subst_files"; then
      $as_echo "## ------------------- ##
## File substitutions. ##
## ------------------- ##"
      echo
      for ac_var in $ac_subst_files
      do
	eval ac_val=\$$ac_var
	case $ac_val in
	*\'\''*) ac_val=`$as_echo "$ac_val" | sed "s/'\''/'\''\\\\\\\\'\'''\''/g"`;;
	esac
	$as_echo "$ac_var='\''$ac_val'\''"
      done | sort
      echo
    fi

    if test -s confdefs.h; then
      $as_echo "## ----------- ##
## confdefs.h. ##
## ----------- ##"
      echo
      cat confdefs.h
      echo
    fi
    test "$ac_signal" != 0 &&
      $as_echo "$as_me: caught signal $ac_signal"
    $as_echo "$as_me: exit $exit_status"
  } >&5
  rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* &&
    rm -f -r conftest* confdefs* conf$$* $ac_clean_files &&
    exit $exit_status
' 0
for ac_signal in 1 2 13 15; do
  trap 'ac_signal='$ac_signal'; as_fn_exit 1' $ac_signal
done
ac_signal=0

# confdefs.h avoids OS command line length limits that DEFS can exceed.
rm -f -r conftest* confdefs.h

$as_echo "/* confdefs.h */" > confdefs.h

# Predefined preprocessor variables.

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define PACKAGE_NAME "$PACKAGE_NAME"
_ACEOF

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define PACKAGE_TARNAME "$PACKAGE_TARNAME"
_ACEOF

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define PACKAGE_VERSION "$PACKAGE_VERSION"
_ACEOF

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define PACKAGE_STRING "$PACKAGE_STRING"
_ACEOF

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "$PACKAGE_BUGREPORT"
_ACEOF

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define PACKAGE_URL "$PACKAGE_URL"
_ACEOF


# Let the site file select an alternate cache file if it wants to.
# Prefer an explicitly selected file to automatically selected ones.
ac_site_file1=NONE
ac_site_file2=NONE
if test -n "$CONFIG_SITE"; then
  # We do not want a PATH search for config.site.
  case $CONFIG_SITE in #((
    -*)  ac_site_file1=./$CONFIG_SITE;;
    */*) ac_site_file1=$CONFIG_SITE;;
    *)   ac_site_file1=./$CONFIG_SITE;;
  esac
elif test "x$prefix" != xNONE; then
  ac_site_file1=$prefix/share/config.site
  ac_site_file2=$prefix/etc/config.site
else
  ac_site_file1=$ac_default_prefix/share/config.site
  ac_site_file2=$ac_default_prefix/etc/config.site
fi
for ac_site_file in "$ac_site_file1" "$ac_site_file2"
do
  test "x$ac_site_file" = xNONE && continue
  if test /dev/null != "$ac_site_file" && test -r "$ac_site_file"; then
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: loading site script $ac_site_file" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: loading site script $ac_site_file" >&6;}
    sed 's/^/| /' "$ac_site_file" >&5
    . "$ac_site_file" \
      || { { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
as_fn_error $? "failed to load site script $ac_site_file
See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; }
  fi
done

if test -r "$cache_file"; then
  # Some versions of bash will fail to source /dev/null (special files
  # actually), so we avoid doing that.  DJGPP emulates it as a regular file.
  if test /dev/null != "$cache_file" && test -f "$cache_file"; then
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: loading cache $cache_file" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: loading cache $cache_file" >&6;}
    case $cache_file in
      [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* ) . "$cache_file";;
      *)                      . "./$cache_file";;
    esac
  fi
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: creating cache $cache_file" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: creating cache $cache_file" >&6;}
  >$cache_file
fi

# Check that the precious variables saved in the cache have kept the same
# value.
ac_cache_corrupted=false
for ac_var in $ac_precious_vars; do
  eval ac_old_set=\$ac_cv_env_${ac_var}_set
  eval ac_new_set=\$ac_env_${ac_var}_set
  eval ac_old_val=\$ac_cv_env_${ac_var}_value
  eval ac_new_val=\$ac_env_${ac_var}_value
  case $ac_old_set,$ac_new_set in
    set,)
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: \`$ac_var' was set to \`$ac_old_val' in the previous run" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: \`$ac_var' was set to \`$ac_old_val' in the previous run" >&2;}
      ac_cache_corrupted=: ;;
    ,set)
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: \`$ac_var' was not set in the previous run" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: \`$ac_var' was not set in the previous run" >&2;}
      ac_cache_corrupted=: ;;
    ,);;
    *)
      if test "x$ac_old_val" != "x$ac_new_val"; then
	# differences in whitespace do not lead to failure.
	ac_old_val_w=`echo x $ac_old_val`
	ac_new_val_w=`echo x $ac_new_val`
	if test "$ac_old_val_w" != "$ac_new_val_w"; then
	  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: \`$ac_var' has changed since the previous run:" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: \`$ac_var' has changed since the previous run:" >&2;}
	  ac_cache_corrupted=:
	else
	  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: warning: ignoring whitespace changes in \`$ac_var' since the previous run:" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: warning: ignoring whitespace changes in \`$ac_var' since the previous run:" >&2;}
	  eval $ac_var=\$ac_old_val
	fi
	{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}:   former value:  \`$ac_old_val'" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me:   former value:  \`$ac_old_val'" >&2;}
	{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}:   current value: \`$ac_new_val'" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me:   current value: \`$ac_new_val'" >&2;}
      fi;;
  esac
  # Pass precious variables to config.status.
  if test "$ac_new_set" = set; then
    case $ac_new_val in
    *\'*) ac_arg=$ac_var=`$as_echo "$ac_new_val" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"` ;;
    *) ac_arg=$ac_var=$ac_new_val ;;
    esac
    case " $ac_configure_args " in
      *" '$ac_arg' "*) ;; # Avoid dups.  Use of quotes ensures accuracy.
      *) as_fn_append ac_configure_args " '$ac_arg'" ;;
    esac
  fi
done
if $ac_cache_corrupted; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: changes in the environment can compromise the build" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: changes in the environment can compromise the build" >&2;}
  as_fn_error $? "run \`make distclean' and/or \`rm $cache_file' and start over" "$LINENO" 5
fi
## -------------------- ##
## Main body of script. ##
## -------------------- ##

ac_ext=c
ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5'
ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5'
ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu



ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h"


ac_ext=c
ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5'
ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5'
ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu
if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then
  # Extract the first word of "${ac_tool_prefix}gcc", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy ${ac_tool_prefix}gcc; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_CC+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    ac_cv_prog_CC="${ac_tool_prefix}gcc"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

fi
fi
CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC
if test -n "$CC"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CC" >&5
$as_echo "$CC" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi


fi
if test -z "$ac_cv_prog_CC"; then
  ac_ct_CC=$CC
  # Extract the first word of "gcc", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy gcc; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="gcc"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

fi
fi
ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC
if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_ct_CC" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_ct_CC" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi

  if test "x$ac_ct_CC" = x; then
    CC=""
  else
    case $cross_compiling:$ac_tool_warned in
yes:)
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: using cross tools not prefixed with host triplet" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: using cross tools not prefixed with host triplet" >&2;}
ac_tool_warned=yes ;;
esac
    CC=$ac_ct_CC
  fi
else
  CC="$ac_cv_prog_CC"
fi

if test -z "$CC"; then
          if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then
    # Extract the first word of "${ac_tool_prefix}cc", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy ${ac_tool_prefix}cc; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_CC+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    ac_cv_prog_CC="${ac_tool_prefix}cc"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

fi
fi
CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC
if test -n "$CC"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CC" >&5
$as_echo "$CC" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi


  fi
fi
if test -z "$CC"; then
  # Extract the first word of "cc", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy cc; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_CC+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
  ac_prog_rejected=no
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    if test "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" = "/usr/ucb/cc"; then
       ac_prog_rejected=yes
       continue
     fi
    ac_cv_prog_CC="cc"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

if test $ac_prog_rejected = yes; then
  # We found a bogon in the path, so make sure we never use it.
  set dummy $ac_cv_prog_CC
  shift
  if test $# != 0; then
    # We chose a different compiler from the bogus one.
    # However, it has the same basename, so the bogon will be chosen
    # first if we set CC to just the basename; use the full file name.
    shift
    ac_cv_prog_CC="$as_dir/$ac_word${1+' '}$@"
  fi
fi
fi
fi
CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC
if test -n "$CC"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CC" >&5
$as_echo "$CC" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi


fi
if test -z "$CC"; then
  if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then
  for ac_prog in cl.exe
  do
    # Extract the first word of "$ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy $ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_CC+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    ac_cv_prog_CC="$ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

fi
fi
CC=$ac_cv_prog_CC
if test -n "$CC"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CC" >&5
$as_echo "$CC" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi


    test -n "$CC" && break
  done
fi
if test -z "$CC"; then
  ac_ct_CC=$CC
  for ac_prog in cl.exe
do
  # Extract the first word of "$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy $ac_prog; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then
  ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_ct_CC" # Let the user override the test.
else
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC="$ac_prog"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

fi
fi
ac_ct_CC=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC
if test -n "$ac_ct_CC"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_ct_CC" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_ct_CC" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi


  test -n "$ac_ct_CC" && break
done

  if test "x$ac_ct_CC" = x; then
    CC=""
  else
    case $cross_compiling:$ac_tool_warned in
yes:)
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: using cross tools not prefixed with host triplet" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: using cross tools not prefixed with host triplet" >&2;}
ac_tool_warned=yes ;;
esac
    CC=$ac_ct_CC
  fi
fi

fi


test -z "$CC" && { { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
as_fn_error $? "no acceptable C compiler found in \$PATH
See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; }

# Provide some information about the compiler.
$as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for C compiler version" >&5
set X $ac_compile
ac_compiler=$2
for ac_option in --version -v -V -qversion; do
  { { ac_try="$ac_compiler $ac_option >&5"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_compiler $ac_option >&5") 2>conftest.err
  ac_status=$?
  if test -s conftest.err; then
    sed '10a\
... rest of stderr output deleted ...
         10q' conftest.err >conftest.er1
    cat conftest.er1 >&5
  fi
  rm -f conftest.er1 conftest.err
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }
done

cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
ac_clean_files_save=$ac_clean_files
ac_clean_files="$ac_clean_files a.out a.out.dSYM a.exe b.out"
# Try to create an executable without -o first, disregard a.out.
# It will help us diagnose broken compilers, and finding out an intuition
# of exeext.
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether the C compiler works" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether the C compiler works... " >&6; }
ac_link_default=`$as_echo "$ac_link" | sed 's/ -o *conftest[^ ]*//'`

# The possible output files:
ac_files="a.out conftest.exe conftest a.exe a_out.exe b.out conftest.*"

ac_rmfiles=
for ac_file in $ac_files
do
  case $ac_file in
    *.$ac_ext | *.xcoff | *.tds | *.d | *.pdb | *.xSYM | *.bb | *.bbg | *.map | *.inf | *.dSYM | *.o | *.obj ) ;;
    * ) ac_rmfiles="$ac_rmfiles $ac_file";;
  esac
done
rm -f $ac_rmfiles

if { { ac_try="$ac_link_default"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_link_default") 2>&5
  ac_status=$?
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }; then :
  # Autoconf-2.13 could set the ac_cv_exeext variable to `no'.
# So ignore a value of `no', otherwise this would lead to `EXEEXT = no'
# in a Makefile.  We should not override ac_cv_exeext if it was cached,
# so that the user can short-circuit this test for compilers unknown to
# Autoconf.
for ac_file in $ac_files ''
do
  test -f "$ac_file" || continue
  case $ac_file in
    *.$ac_ext | *.xcoff | *.tds | *.d | *.pdb | *.xSYM | *.bb | *.bbg | *.map | *.inf | *.dSYM | *.o | *.obj )
	;;
    [ab].out )
	# We found the default executable, but exeext='' is most
	# certainly right.
	break;;
    *.* )
	if test "${ac_cv_exeext+set}" = set && test "$ac_cv_exeext" != no;
	then :; else
	   ac_cv_exeext=`expr "$ac_file" : '[^.]*\(\..*\)'`
	fi
	# We set ac_cv_exeext here because the later test for it is not
	# safe: cross compilers may not add the suffix if given an `-o'
	# argument, so we may need to know it at that point already.
	# Even if this section looks crufty: it has the advantage of
	# actually working.
	break;;
    * )
	break;;
  esac
done
test "$ac_cv_exeext" = no && ac_cv_exeext=

else
  ac_file=''
fi
if test -z "$ac_file"; then :
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
$as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5

{ { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
as_fn_error 77 "C compiler cannot create executables
See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
$as_echo "yes" >&6; }
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for C compiler default output file name" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for C compiler default output file name... " >&6; }
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_file" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_file" >&6; }
ac_exeext=$ac_cv_exeext

rm -f -r a.out a.out.dSYM a.exe conftest$ac_cv_exeext b.out
ac_clean_files=$ac_clean_files_save
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for suffix of executables" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for suffix of executables... " >&6; }
if { { ac_try="$ac_link"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_link") 2>&5
  ac_status=$?
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }; then :
  # If both `conftest.exe' and `conftest' are `present' (well, observable)
# catch `conftest.exe'.  For instance with Cygwin, `ls conftest' will
# work properly (i.e., refer to `conftest.exe'), while it won't with
# `rm'.
for ac_file in conftest.exe conftest conftest.*; do
  test -f "$ac_file" || continue
  case $ac_file in
    *.$ac_ext | *.xcoff | *.tds | *.d | *.pdb | *.xSYM | *.bb | *.bbg | *.map | *.inf | *.dSYM | *.o | *.obj ) ;;
    *.* ) ac_cv_exeext=`expr "$ac_file" : '[^.]*\(\..*\)'`
	  break;;
    * ) break;;
  esac
done
else
  { { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
as_fn_error $? "cannot compute suffix of executables: cannot compile and link
See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; }
fi
rm -f conftest conftest$ac_cv_exeext
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_exeext" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_exeext" >&6; }

rm -f conftest.$ac_ext
EXEEXT=$ac_cv_exeext
ac_exeext=$EXEEXT
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
int
main ()
{
FILE *f = fopen ("conftest.out", "w");
 return ferror (f) || fclose (f) != 0;

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
ac_clean_files="$ac_clean_files conftest.out"
# Check that the compiler produces executables we can run.  If not, either
# the compiler is broken, or we cross compile.
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether we are cross compiling" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether we are cross compiling... " >&6; }
if test "$cross_compiling" != yes; then
  { { ac_try="$ac_link"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_link") 2>&5
  ac_status=$?
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }
  if { ac_try='./conftest$ac_cv_exeext'
  { { case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_try") 2>&5
  ac_status=$?
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }; }; then
    cross_compiling=no
  else
    if test "$cross_compiling" = maybe; then
	cross_compiling=yes
    else
	{ { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
as_fn_error $? "cannot run C compiled programs.
If you meant to cross compile, use \`--host'.
See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; }
    fi
  fi
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $cross_compiling" >&5
$as_echo "$cross_compiling" >&6; }

rm -f conftest.$ac_ext conftest$ac_cv_exeext conftest.out
ac_clean_files=$ac_clean_files_save
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for suffix of object files" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for suffix of object files... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_objext+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
rm -f conftest.o conftest.obj
if { { ac_try="$ac_compile"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_compile") 2>&5
  ac_status=$?
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }; then :
  for ac_file in conftest.o conftest.obj conftest.*; do
  test -f "$ac_file" || continue;
  case $ac_file in
    *.$ac_ext | *.xcoff | *.tds | *.d | *.pdb | *.xSYM | *.bb | *.bbg | *.map | *.inf | *.dSYM ) ;;
    *) ac_cv_objext=`expr "$ac_file" : '.*\.\(.*\)'`
       break;;
  esac
done
else
  $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5

{ { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
as_fn_error $? "cannot compute suffix of object files: cannot compile
See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; }
fi
rm -f conftest.$ac_cv_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_objext" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_objext" >&6; }
OBJEXT=$ac_cv_objext
ac_objext=$OBJEXT
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{
#ifndef __GNUC__
       choke me
#endif

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_compiler_gnu=yes
else
  ac_compiler_gnu=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu=$ac_compiler_gnu

fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu" >&6; }
if test $ac_compiler_gnu = yes; then
  GCC=yes
else
  GCC=
fi
ac_test_CFLAGS=${CFLAGS+set}
ac_save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether $CC accepts -g" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether $CC accepts -g... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_cc_g+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_save_c_werror_flag=$ac_c_werror_flag
   ac_c_werror_flag=yes
   ac_cv_prog_cc_g=no
   CFLAGS="-g"
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_prog_cc_g=yes
else
  CFLAGS=""
      cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :

else
  ac_c_werror_flag=$ac_save_c_werror_flag
	 CFLAGS="-g"
	 cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_prog_cc_g=yes
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
   ac_c_werror_flag=$ac_save_c_werror_flag
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_g" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_prog_cc_g" >&6; }
if test "$ac_test_CFLAGS" = set; then
  CFLAGS=$ac_save_CFLAGS
elif test $ac_cv_prog_cc_g = yes; then
  if test "$GCC" = yes; then
    CFLAGS="-g -O2"
  else
    CFLAGS="-g"
  fi
else
  if test "$GCC" = yes; then
    CFLAGS="-O2"
  else
    CFLAGS=
  fi
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $CC option to accept ISO C89" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $CC option to accept ISO C89... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_cc_c89+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_cv_prog_cc_c89=no
ac_save_CC=$CC
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
#include 
struct stat;
/* Most of the following tests are stolen from RCS 5.7's src/conf.sh.  */
struct buf { int x; };
FILE * (*rcsopen) (struct buf *, struct stat *, int);
static char *e (p, i)
     char **p;
     int i;
{
  return p[i];
}
static char *f (char * (*g) (char **, int), char **p, ...)
{
  char *s;
  va_list v;
  va_start (v,p);
  s = g (p, va_arg (v,int));
  va_end (v);
  return s;
}

/* OSF 4.0 Compaq cc is some sort of almost-ANSI by default.  It has
   function prototypes and stuff, but not '\xHH' hex character constants.
   These don't provoke an error unfortunately, instead are silently treated
   as 'x'.  The following induces an error, until -std is added to get
   proper ANSI mode.  Curiously '\x00'!='x' always comes out true, for an
   array size at least.  It's necessary to write '\x00'==0 to get something
   that's true only with -std.  */
int osf4_cc_array ['\x00' == 0 ? 1 : -1];

/* IBM C 6 for AIX is almost-ANSI by default, but it replaces macro parameters
   inside strings and character constants.  */
#define FOO(x) 'x'
int xlc6_cc_array[FOO(a) == 'x' ? 1 : -1];

int test (int i, double x);
struct s1 {int (*f) (int a);};
struct s2 {int (*f) (double a);};
int pairnames (int, char **, FILE *(*)(struct buf *, struct stat *, int), int, int);
int argc;
char **argv;
int
main ()
{
return f (e, argv, 0) != argv[0]  ||  f (e, argv, 1) != argv[1];
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
for ac_arg in '' -qlanglvl=extc89 -qlanglvl=ansi -std \
	-Ae "-Aa -D_HPUX_SOURCE" "-Xc -D__EXTENSIONS__"
do
  CC="$ac_save_CC $ac_arg"
  if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_prog_cc_c89=$ac_arg
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext
  test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" != "xno" && break
done
rm -f conftest.$ac_ext
CC=$ac_save_CC

fi
# AC_CACHE_VAL
case "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" in
  x)
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: none needed" >&5
$as_echo "none needed" >&6; } ;;
  xno)
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: unsupported" >&5
$as_echo "unsupported" >&6; } ;;
  *)
    CC="$CC $ac_cv_prog_cc_c89"
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" >&6; } ;;
esac
if test "x$ac_cv_prog_cc_c89" != xno; then :

fi

ac_ext=c
ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5'
ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5'
ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu

ac_ext=cpp
ac_cpp='$CXXCPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='$CXX -c $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5'
ac_link='$CXX -o conftest$ac_exeext $CXXFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5'
ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu
if test -z "$CXX"; then
  if test -n "$CCC"; then
    CXX=$CCC
  else
    if test -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then
  for ac_prog in g++ c++ gpp aCC CC cxx cc++ cl.exe FCC KCC RCC xlC_r xlC
  do
    # Extract the first word of "$ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy $ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_CXX+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$CXX"; then
  ac_cv_prog_CXX="$CXX" # Let the user override the test.
else
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    ac_cv_prog_CXX="$ac_tool_prefix$ac_prog"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

fi
fi
CXX=$ac_cv_prog_CXX
if test -n "$CXX"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CXX" >&5
$as_echo "$CXX" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi


    test -n "$CXX" && break
  done
fi
if test -z "$CXX"; then
  ac_ct_CXX=$CXX
  for ac_prog in g++ c++ gpp aCC CC cxx cc++ cl.exe FCC KCC RCC xlC_r xlC
do
  # Extract the first word of "$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args.
set dummy $ac_prog; ac_word=$2
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CXX+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -n "$ac_ct_CXX"; then
  ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CXX="$ac_ct_CXX" # Let the user override the test.
else
as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
    ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CXX="$ac_prog"
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
    break 2
  fi
done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

fi
fi
ac_ct_CXX=$ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CXX
if test -n "$ac_ct_CXX"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_ct_CXX" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_ct_CXX" >&6; }
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi


  test -n "$ac_ct_CXX" && break
done

  if test "x$ac_ct_CXX" = x; then
    CXX="g++"
  else
    case $cross_compiling:$ac_tool_warned in
yes:)
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: using cross tools not prefixed with host triplet" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: using cross tools not prefixed with host triplet" >&2;}
ac_tool_warned=yes ;;
esac
    CXX=$ac_ct_CXX
  fi
fi

  fi
fi
# Provide some information about the compiler.
$as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for C++ compiler version" >&5
set X $ac_compile
ac_compiler=$2
for ac_option in --version -v -V -qversion; do
  { { ac_try="$ac_compiler $ac_option >&5"
case "(($ac_try" in
  *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
  *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
esac
eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_try_echo\""
$as_echo "$ac_try_echo"; } >&5
  (eval "$ac_compiler $ac_option >&5") 2>conftest.err
  ac_status=$?
  if test -s conftest.err; then
    sed '10a\
... rest of stderr output deleted ...
         10q' conftest.err >conftest.er1
    cat conftest.er1 >&5
  fi
  rm -f conftest.er1 conftest.err
  $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
  test $ac_status = 0; }
done

{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{
#ifndef __GNUC__
       choke me
#endif

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_cxx_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_compiler_gnu=yes
else
  ac_compiler_gnu=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu=$ac_compiler_gnu

fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_cxx_compiler_gnu" >&6; }
if test $ac_compiler_gnu = yes; then
  GXX=yes
else
  GXX=
fi
ac_test_CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS+set}
ac_save_CXXFLAGS=$CXXFLAGS
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether $CXX accepts -g" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether $CXX accepts -g... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_cxx_g+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_save_cxx_werror_flag=$ac_cxx_werror_flag
   ac_cxx_werror_flag=yes
   ac_cv_prog_cxx_g=no
   CXXFLAGS="-g"
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_cxx_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_prog_cxx_g=yes
else
  CXXFLAGS=""
      cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_cxx_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :

else
  ac_cxx_werror_flag=$ac_save_cxx_werror_flag
	 CXXFLAGS="-g"
	 cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_cxx_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_prog_cxx_g=yes
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
   ac_cxx_werror_flag=$ac_save_cxx_werror_flag
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_cxx_g" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_prog_cxx_g" >&6; }
if test "$ac_test_CXXFLAGS" = set; then
  CXXFLAGS=$ac_save_CXXFLAGS
elif test $ac_cv_prog_cxx_g = yes; then
  if test "$GXX" = yes; then
    CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
  else
    CXXFLAGS="-g"
  fi
else
  if test "$GXX" = yes; then
    CXXFLAGS="-O2"
  else
    CXXFLAGS=
  fi
fi
ac_ext=c
ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5'
ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5'
ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu


WXCONFIG=wx-config

# Check whether --with-wx-config was given.
if test "${with_wx_config+set}" = set; then :
  withval=$with_wx_config;
    if test "$withval" != "yes" -a "$withval" != ""; then
        WXCONFIG=$withval
    fi

fi


TERMOFILE="term.o"
TERMFILE="term.c"
GRAPHICSOFILE=" xgraphics.o "
GRAPHICSFILE=" xgraphics.c "


{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking wxWidgets version" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking wxWidgets version... " >&6; }
if wxversion=`$WXCONFIG --version`; then
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $wxversion" >&5
$as_echo "$wxversion" >&6; }
    $as_echo "#define HAVE_WX 1" >>confdefs.h

    WXOFILES="wxMain.o wxTerminal.o wxTurtleGraphics.o  TextEditor.o"
    WXSRCFILES="wxMain.cpp wxTerminal.cpp wxTurtleGraphics.cpp  TextEditor.cpp"
    LIBS="$LIBS "`$WXCONFIG --libs`;
    CC="`$WXCONFIG --cc`"
    CXX="`$WXCONFIG --cxx`"
    CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -DHAVE_WX `$WXCONFIG --cxxflags`";
    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DHAVE_WX "
    TERMOFILE="wxterm.o"
    TERMFILE="wxterm.c"
    GRAPHICSOFILE=""
    GRAPHICSFILE=""
    LINKER="`$WXCONFIG --ld`"
else
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: not found" >&5
$as_echo "not found" >&6; }
    LINKER='$(CC)'
fi




ac_ext=c
ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5'
ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5'
ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking how to run the C preprocessor" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking how to run the C preprocessor... " >&6; }
# On Suns, sometimes $CPP names a directory.
if test -n "$CPP" && test -d "$CPP"; then
  CPP=
fi
if test -z "$CPP"; then
  if ${ac_cv_prog_CPP+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
      # Double quotes because CPP needs to be expanded
    for CPP in "$CC -E" "$CC -E -traditional-cpp" "/lib/cpp"
    do
      ac_preproc_ok=false
for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes
do
  # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc
  # with a fresh cross-compiler works.
  # Prefer  to  if __STDC__ is defined, since
  #  exists even on freestanding compilers.
  # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser,
  # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case.
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#ifdef __STDC__
# include 
#else
# include 
#endif
		     Syntax error
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO"; then :

else
  # Broken: fails on valid input.
continue
fi
rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext

  # OK, works on sane cases.  Now check whether nonexistent headers
  # can be detected and how.
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO"; then :
  # Broken: success on invalid input.
continue
else
  # Passes both tests.
ac_preproc_ok=:
break
fi
rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext

done
# Because of `break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped.
rm -f conftest.i conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext
if $ac_preproc_ok; then :
  break
fi

    done
    ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP

fi
  CPP=$ac_cv_prog_CPP
else
  ac_cv_prog_CPP=$CPP
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $CPP" >&5
$as_echo "$CPP" >&6; }
ac_preproc_ok=false
for ac_c_preproc_warn_flag in '' yes
do
  # Use a header file that comes with gcc, so configuring glibc
  # with a fresh cross-compiler works.
  # Prefer  to  if __STDC__ is defined, since
  #  exists even on freestanding compilers.
  # On the NeXT, cc -E runs the code through the compiler's parser,
  # not just through cpp. "Syntax error" is here to catch this case.
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#ifdef __STDC__
# include 
#else
# include 
#endif
		     Syntax error
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO"; then :

else
  # Broken: fails on valid input.
continue
fi
rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext

  # OK, works on sane cases.  Now check whether nonexistent headers
  # can be detected and how.
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO"; then :
  # Broken: success on invalid input.
continue
else
  # Passes both tests.
ac_preproc_ok=:
break
fi
rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext

done
# Because of `break', _AC_PREPROC_IFELSE's cleaning code was skipped.
rm -f conftest.i conftest.err conftest.$ac_ext
if $ac_preproc_ok; then :

else
  { { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;}
as_fn_error $? "C preprocessor \"$CPP\" fails sanity check
See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; }
fi

ac_ext=c
ac_cpp='$CPP $CPPFLAGS'
ac_compile='$CC -c $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext >&5'
ac_link='$CC -o conftest$ac_exeext $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS conftest.$ac_ext $LIBS >&5'
ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu


{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for X" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for X... " >&6; }


# Check whether --with-x was given.
if test "${with_x+set}" = set; then :
  withval=$with_x;
fi

# $have_x is `yes', `no', `disabled', or empty when we do not yet know.
if test "x$with_x" = xno; then
  # The user explicitly disabled X.
  have_x=disabled
else
  case $x_includes,$x_libraries in #(
    *\'*) as_fn_error $? "cannot use X directory names containing '" "$LINENO" 5;; #(
    *,NONE | NONE,*) if ${ac_cv_have_x+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  # One or both of the vars are not set, and there is no cached value.
ac_x_includes=no ac_x_libraries=no
rm -f -r conftest.dir
if mkdir conftest.dir; then
  cd conftest.dir
  cat >Imakefile <<'_ACEOF'
incroot:
	@echo incroot='${INCROOT}'
usrlibdir:
	@echo usrlibdir='${USRLIBDIR}'
libdir:
	@echo libdir='${LIBDIR}'
_ACEOF
  if (export CC; ${XMKMF-xmkmf}) >/dev/null 2>/dev/null && test -f Makefile; then
    # GNU make sometimes prints "make[1]: Entering ...", which would confuse us.
    for ac_var in incroot usrlibdir libdir; do
      eval "ac_im_$ac_var=\`\${MAKE-make} $ac_var 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/^$ac_var=//p'\`"
    done
    # Open Windows xmkmf reportedly sets LIBDIR instead of USRLIBDIR.
    for ac_extension in a so sl dylib la dll; do
      if test ! -f "$ac_im_usrlibdir/libX11.$ac_extension" &&
	 test -f "$ac_im_libdir/libX11.$ac_extension"; then
	ac_im_usrlibdir=$ac_im_libdir; break
      fi
    done
    # Screen out bogus values from the imake configuration.  They are
    # bogus both because they are the default anyway, and because
    # using them would break gcc on systems where it needs fixed includes.
    case $ac_im_incroot in
	/usr/include) ac_x_includes= ;;
	*) test -f "$ac_im_incroot/X11/Xos.h" && ac_x_includes=$ac_im_incroot;;
    esac
    case $ac_im_usrlibdir in
	/usr/lib | /usr/lib64 | /lib | /lib64) ;;
	*) test -d "$ac_im_usrlibdir" && ac_x_libraries=$ac_im_usrlibdir ;;
    esac
  fi
  cd ..
  rm -f -r conftest.dir
fi

# Standard set of common directories for X headers.
# Check X11 before X11Rn because it is often a symlink to the current release.
ac_x_header_dirs='
/usr/X11/include
/usr/X11R7/include
/usr/X11R6/include
/usr/X11R5/include
/usr/X11R4/include

/usr/include/X11
/usr/include/X11R7
/usr/include/X11R6
/usr/include/X11R5
/usr/include/X11R4

/usr/local/X11/include
/usr/local/X11R7/include
/usr/local/X11R6/include
/usr/local/X11R5/include
/usr/local/X11R4/include

/usr/local/include/X11
/usr/local/include/X11R7
/usr/local/include/X11R6
/usr/local/include/X11R5
/usr/local/include/X11R4

/usr/X386/include
/usr/x386/include
/usr/XFree86/include/X11

/usr/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/unsupported/include
/usr/athena/include
/usr/local/x11r5/include
/usr/lpp/Xamples/include

/usr/openwin/include
/usr/openwin/share/include'

if test "$ac_x_includes" = no; then
  # Guess where to find include files, by looking for Xlib.h.
  # First, try using that file with no special directory specified.
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_cpp "$LINENO"; then :
  # We can compile using X headers with no special include directory.
ac_x_includes=
else
  for ac_dir in $ac_x_header_dirs; do
  if test -r "$ac_dir/X11/Xlib.h"; then
    ac_x_includes=$ac_dir
    break
  fi
done
fi
rm -f conftest.err conftest.i conftest.$ac_ext
fi # $ac_x_includes = no

if test "$ac_x_libraries" = no; then
  # Check for the libraries.
  # See if we find them without any special options.
  # Don't add to $LIBS permanently.
  ac_save_LIBS=$LIBS
  LIBS="-lX11 $LIBS"
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
int
main ()
{
XrmInitialize ()
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  LIBS=$ac_save_LIBS
# We can link X programs with no special library path.
ac_x_libraries=
else
  LIBS=$ac_save_LIBS
for ac_dir in `$as_echo "$ac_x_includes $ac_x_header_dirs" | sed s/include/lib/g`
do
  # Don't even attempt the hair of trying to link an X program!
  for ac_extension in a so sl dylib la dll; do
    if test -r "$ac_dir/libX11.$ac_extension"; then
      ac_x_libraries=$ac_dir
      break 2
    fi
  done
done
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
fi # $ac_x_libraries = no

case $ac_x_includes,$ac_x_libraries in #(
  no,* | *,no | *\'*)
    # Didn't find X, or a directory has "'" in its name.
    ac_cv_have_x="have_x=no";; #(
  *)
    # Record where we found X for the cache.
    ac_cv_have_x="have_x=yes\
	ac_x_includes='$ac_x_includes'\
	ac_x_libraries='$ac_x_libraries'"
esac
fi
;; #(
    *) have_x=yes;;
  esac
  eval "$ac_cv_have_x"
fi # $with_x != no

if test "$have_x" != yes; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $have_x" >&5
$as_echo "$have_x" >&6; }
  no_x=yes
else
  # If each of the values was on the command line, it overrides each guess.
  test "x$x_includes" = xNONE && x_includes=$ac_x_includes
  test "x$x_libraries" = xNONE && x_libraries=$ac_x_libraries
  # Update the cache value to reflect the command line values.
  ac_cv_have_x="have_x=yes\
	ac_x_includes='$x_includes'\
	ac_x_libraries='$x_libraries'"
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: libraries $x_libraries, headers $x_includes" >&5
$as_echo "libraries $x_libraries, headers $x_includes" >&6; }
fi

if test "$no_x" = yes; then
  # Not all programs may use this symbol, but it does not hurt to define it.

$as_echo "#define X_DISPLAY_MISSING 1" >>confdefs.h

  X_CFLAGS= X_PRE_LIBS= X_LIBS= X_EXTRA_LIBS=
else
  if test -n "$x_includes"; then
    X_CFLAGS="$X_CFLAGS -I$x_includes"
  fi

  # It would also be nice to do this for all -L options, not just this one.
  if test -n "$x_libraries"; then
    X_LIBS="$X_LIBS -L$x_libraries"
    # For Solaris; some versions of Sun CC require a space after -R and
    # others require no space.  Words are not sufficient . . . .
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether -R must be followed by a space" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether -R must be followed by a space... " >&6; }
    ac_xsave_LIBS=$LIBS; LIBS="$LIBS -R$x_libraries"
    ac_xsave_c_werror_flag=$ac_c_werror_flag
    ac_c_werror_flag=yes
    cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
       X_LIBS="$X_LIBS -R$x_libraries"
else
  LIBS="$ac_xsave_LIBS -R $x_libraries"
       cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
$as_echo "yes" >&6; }
	  X_LIBS="$X_LIBS -R $x_libraries"
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: neither works" >&5
$as_echo "neither works" >&6; }
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
    ac_c_werror_flag=$ac_xsave_c_werror_flag
    LIBS=$ac_xsave_LIBS
  fi

  # Check for system-dependent libraries X programs must link with.
  # Do this before checking for the system-independent R6 libraries
  # (-lICE), since we may need -lsocket or whatever for X linking.

  if test "$ISC" = yes; then
    X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl_s -linet"
  else
    # Martyn Johnson says this is needed for Ultrix, if the X
    # libraries were built with DECnet support.  And Karl Berry says
    # the Alpha needs dnet_stub (dnet does not exist).
    ac_xsave_LIBS="$LIBS"; LIBS="$LIBS $X_LIBS -lX11"
    cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char XOpenDisplay ();
int
main ()
{
return XOpenDisplay ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :

else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for dnet_ntoa in -ldnet" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for dnet_ntoa in -ldnet... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-ldnet  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char dnet_ntoa ();
int
main ()
{
return dnet_ntoa ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa" = xyes; then :
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet"
fi

    if test $ac_cv_lib_dnet_dnet_ntoa = no; then
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for dnet_ntoa in -ldnet_stub" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for dnet_ntoa in -ldnet_stub... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-ldnet_stub  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char dnet_ntoa ();
int
main ()
{
return dnet_ntoa ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_dnet_stub_dnet_ntoa" = xyes; then :
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -ldnet_stub"
fi

    fi
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
    LIBS="$ac_xsave_LIBS"

    # msh@cis.ufl.edu says -lnsl (and -lsocket) are needed for his 386/AT,
    # to get the SysV transport functions.
    # Chad R. Larson says the Pyramis MIS-ES running DC/OSx (SVR4)
    # needs -lnsl.
    # The nsl library prevents programs from opening the X display
    # on Irix 5.2, according to T.E. Dickey.
    # The functions gethostbyname, getservbyname, and inet_addr are
    # in -lbsd on LynxOS 3.0.1/i386, according to Lars Hecking.
    ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "gethostbyname" "ac_cv_func_gethostbyname"
if test "x$ac_cv_func_gethostbyname" = xyes; then :

fi

    if test $ac_cv_func_gethostbyname = no; then
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for gethostbyname in -lnsl" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for gethostbyname in -lnsl... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_nsl_gethostbyname+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lnsl  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char gethostbyname ();
int
main ()
{
return gethostbyname ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_nsl_gethostbyname=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_nsl_gethostbyname=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_nsl_gethostbyname" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_nsl_gethostbyname" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_nsl_gethostbyname" = xyes; then :
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lnsl"
fi

      if test $ac_cv_lib_nsl_gethostbyname = no; then
	{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for gethostbyname in -lbsd" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for gethostbyname in -lbsd... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lbsd  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char gethostbyname ();
int
main ()
{
return gethostbyname ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_bsd_gethostbyname" = xyes; then :
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lbsd"
fi

      fi
    fi

    # lieder@skyler.mavd.honeywell.com says without -lsocket,
    # socket/setsockopt and other routines are undefined under SCO ODT
    # 2.0.  But -lsocket is broken on IRIX 5.2 (and is not necessary
    # on later versions), says Simon Leinen: it contains gethostby*
    # variants that don't use the name server (or something).  -lsocket
    # must be given before -lnsl if both are needed.  We assume that
    # if connect needs -lnsl, so does gethostbyname.
    ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "connect" "ac_cv_func_connect"
if test "x$ac_cv_func_connect" = xyes; then :

fi

    if test $ac_cv_func_connect = no; then
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for connect in -lsocket" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for connect in -lsocket... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_socket_connect+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char connect ();
int
main ()
{
return connect ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_socket_connect=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_socket_connect=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_socket_connect" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_socket_connect" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_socket_connect" = xyes; then :
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="-lsocket $X_EXTRA_LIBS"
fi

    fi

    # Guillermo Gomez says -lposix is necessary on A/UX.
    ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "remove" "ac_cv_func_remove"
if test "x$ac_cv_func_remove" = xyes; then :

fi

    if test $ac_cv_func_remove = no; then
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for remove in -lposix" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for remove in -lposix... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_posix_remove+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lposix  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char remove ();
int
main ()
{
return remove ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_posix_remove=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_posix_remove=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_posix_remove" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_posix_remove" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_posix_remove" = xyes; then :
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lposix"
fi

    fi

    # BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 needs -lipc for XOpenDisplay.
    ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "shmat" "ac_cv_func_shmat"
if test "x$ac_cv_func_shmat" = xyes; then :

fi

    if test $ac_cv_func_shmat = no; then
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for shmat in -lipc" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for shmat in -lipc... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lipc  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char shmat ();
int
main ()
{
return shmat ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ipc_shmat" = xyes; then :
  X_EXTRA_LIBS="$X_EXTRA_LIBS -lipc"
fi

    fi
  fi

  # Check for libraries that X11R6 Xt/Xaw programs need.
  ac_save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
  test -n "$x_libraries" && LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$x_libraries"
  # SM needs ICE to (dynamically) link under SunOS 4.x (so we have to
  # check for ICE first), but we must link in the order -lSM -lICE or
  # we get undefined symbols.  So assume we have SM if we have ICE.
  # These have to be linked with before -lX11, unlike the other
  # libraries we check for below, so use a different variable.
  # John Interrante, Karl Berry
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for IceConnectionNumber in -lICE" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for IceConnectionNumber in -lICE... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lICE $X_EXTRA_LIBS $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char IceConnectionNumber ();
int
main ()
{
return IceConnectionNumber ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ICE_IceConnectionNumber" = xyes; then :
  X_PRE_LIBS="$X_PRE_LIBS -lSM -lICE"
fi

  LDFLAGS=$ac_save_LDFLAGS

fi

{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for atan in -lm" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for atan in -lm... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_m_atan+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lm  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char atan ();
int
main ()
{
return atan ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_m_atan=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_m_atan=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_m_atan" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_m_atan" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_m_atan" = xyes; then :
  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define HAVE_LIBM 1
_ACEOF

  LIBS="-lm $LIBS"

fi

{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for signal in -lBSD" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for signal in -lBSD... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_BSD_signal+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lBSD  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char signal ();
int
main ()
{
return signal ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_BSD_signal=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_BSD_signal=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_BSD_signal" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_BSD_signal" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_BSD_signal" = xyes; then :
  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define HAVE_LIBBSD 1
_ACEOF

  LIBS="-lBSD $LIBS"

fi

{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for signal in -lbsd" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for signal in -lbsd... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_bsd_signal+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lbsd  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char signal ();
int
main ()
{
return signal ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_bsd_signal=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_bsd_signal=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_bsd_signal" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_bsd_signal" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_bsd_signal" = xyes; then :
  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define HAVE_LIBBSD 1
_ACEOF

  LIBS="-lbsd $LIBS"

fi


tcap=no
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetstr in -ltermcap" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for tgetstr in -ltermcap... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetstr+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-ltermcap  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char tgetstr ();
int
main ()
{
return tgetstr ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetstr=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetstr=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetstr" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetstr" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetstr" = xyes; then :
  $as_echo "#define HAVE_LIBTERMCAP 1" >>confdefs.h
 LIBS="$LIBS -ltermcap" tcap=yes
fi

if test $tcap = no; then
   { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetstr in -ltermlib" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for tgetstr in -ltermlib... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_termlib_tgetstr+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-ltermlib  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char tgetstr ();
int
main ()
{
return tgetstr ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_termlib_tgetstr=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_termlib_tgetstr=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_termlib_tgetstr" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_termlib_tgetstr" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_termlib_tgetstr" = xyes; then :
  $as_echo "#define HAVE_LIBTERMLIB 1" >>confdefs.h
 LIBS="$LIBS -ltermlib" tcap=yes
fi

fi
if test $tcap = no; then
   { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetstr in -lcurses" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for tgetstr in -lcurses... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetstr+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lcurses  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char tgetstr ();
int
main ()
{
return tgetstr ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetstr=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetstr=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetstr" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetstr" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_curses_tgetstr" = xyes; then :
  $as_echo "#define HAVE_LIBCURSES 1" >>confdefs.h
 LIBS="$LIBS -lcurses" tcap=yes
fi

fi
if test $tcap = no; then
   { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetstr in -lncurses" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for tgetstr in -lncurses... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetstr+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
LIBS="-lncurses  $LIBS"
cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */

/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
#endif
char tgetstr ();
int
main ()
{
return tgetstr ();
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetstr=yes
else
  ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetstr=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetstr" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetstr" >&6; }
if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetstr" = xyes; then :
  $as_echo "#define HAVE_LIBCURSES 1" >>confdefs.h
 LIBS="$LIBS -lncurses" tcap=yes
fi

fi

{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for grep that handles long lines and -e" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_path_GREP+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if test -z "$GREP"; then
  ac_path_GREP_found=false
  # Loop through the user's path and test for each of PROGNAME-LIST
  as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_prog in grep ggrep; do
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
      ac_path_GREP="$as_dir/$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext"
      as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_GREP" || continue
# Check for GNU ac_path_GREP and select it if it is found.
  # Check for GNU $ac_path_GREP
case `"$ac_path_GREP" --version 2>&1` in
*GNU*)
  ac_cv_path_GREP="$ac_path_GREP" ac_path_GREP_found=:;;
*)
  ac_count=0
  $as_echo_n 0123456789 >"conftest.in"
  while :
  do
    cat "conftest.in" "conftest.in" >"conftest.tmp"
    mv "conftest.tmp" "conftest.in"
    cp "conftest.in" "conftest.nl"
    $as_echo 'GREP' >> "conftest.nl"
    "$ac_path_GREP" -e 'GREP$' -e '-(cannot match)-' < "conftest.nl" >"conftest.out" 2>/dev/null || break
    diff "conftest.out" "conftest.nl" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break
    as_fn_arith $ac_count + 1 && ac_count=$as_val
    if test $ac_count -gt ${ac_path_GREP_max-0}; then
      # Best one so far, save it but keep looking for a better one
      ac_cv_path_GREP="$ac_path_GREP"
      ac_path_GREP_max=$ac_count
    fi
    # 10*(2^10) chars as input seems more than enough
    test $ac_count -gt 10 && break
  done
  rm -f conftest.in conftest.tmp conftest.nl conftest.out;;
esac

      $ac_path_GREP_found && break 3
    done
  done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS
  if test -z "$ac_cv_path_GREP"; then
    as_fn_error $? "no acceptable grep could be found in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin" "$LINENO" 5
  fi
else
  ac_cv_path_GREP=$GREP
fi

fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_path_GREP" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_path_GREP" >&6; }
 GREP="$ac_cv_path_GREP"


{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for egrep" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for egrep... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_path_EGREP+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  if echo a | $GREP -E '(a|b)' >/dev/null 2>&1
   then ac_cv_path_EGREP="$GREP -E"
   else
     if test -z "$EGREP"; then
  ac_path_EGREP_found=false
  # Loop through the user's path and test for each of PROGNAME-LIST
  as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    for ac_prog in egrep; do
    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
      ac_path_EGREP="$as_dir/$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext"
      as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_EGREP" || continue
# Check for GNU ac_path_EGREP and select it if it is found.
  # Check for GNU $ac_path_EGREP
case `"$ac_path_EGREP" --version 2>&1` in
*GNU*)
  ac_cv_path_EGREP="$ac_path_EGREP" ac_path_EGREP_found=:;;
*)
  ac_count=0
  $as_echo_n 0123456789 >"conftest.in"
  while :
  do
    cat "conftest.in" "conftest.in" >"conftest.tmp"
    mv "conftest.tmp" "conftest.in"
    cp "conftest.in" "conftest.nl"
    $as_echo 'EGREP' >> "conftest.nl"
    "$ac_path_EGREP" 'EGREP$' < "conftest.nl" >"conftest.out" 2>/dev/null || break
    diff "conftest.out" "conftest.nl" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break
    as_fn_arith $ac_count + 1 && ac_count=$as_val
    if test $ac_count -gt ${ac_path_EGREP_max-0}; then
      # Best one so far, save it but keep looking for a better one
      ac_cv_path_EGREP="$ac_path_EGREP"
      ac_path_EGREP_max=$ac_count
    fi
    # 10*(2^10) chars as input seems more than enough
    test $ac_count -gt 10 && break
  done
  rm -f conftest.in conftest.tmp conftest.nl conftest.out;;
esac

      $ac_path_EGREP_found && break 3
    done
  done
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS
  if test -z "$ac_cv_path_EGREP"; then
    as_fn_error $? "no acceptable egrep could be found in $PATH$PATH_SEPARATOR/usr/xpg4/bin" "$LINENO" 5
  fi
else
  ac_cv_path_EGREP=$EGREP
fi

   fi
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_path_EGREP" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_path_EGREP" >&6; }
 EGREP="$ac_cv_path_EGREP"


{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for ANSI C header files" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for ANSI C header files... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_header_stdc+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int
main ()
{

  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_header_stdc=yes
else
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext

if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then
  # SunOS 4.x string.h does not declare mem*, contrary to ANSI.
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 

_ACEOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  $EGREP "memchr" >/dev/null 2>&1; then :

else
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi

if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then
  # ISC 2.0.2 stdlib.h does not declare free, contrary to ANSI.
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 

_ACEOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  $EGREP "free" >/dev/null 2>&1; then :

else
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
rm -f conftest*

fi

if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then
  # /bin/cc in Irix-4.0.5 gets non-ANSI ctype macros unless using -ansi.
  if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then :
  :
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
#include 
#if ((' ' & 0x0FF) == 0x020)
# define ISLOWER(c) ('a' <= (c) && (c) <= 'z')
# define TOUPPER(c) (ISLOWER(c) ? 'A' + ((c) - 'a') : (c))
#else
# define ISLOWER(c) \
		   (('a' <= (c) && (c) <= 'i') \
		     || ('j' <= (c) && (c) <= 'r') \
		     || ('s' <= (c) && (c) <= 'z'))
# define TOUPPER(c) (ISLOWER(c) ? ((c) | 0x40) : (c))
#endif

#define XOR(e, f) (((e) && !(f)) || (!(e) && (f)))
int
main ()
{
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    if (XOR (islower (i), ISLOWER (i))
	|| toupper (i) != TOUPPER (i))
      return 2;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO"; then :

else
  ac_cv_header_stdc=no
fi
rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \
  conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
fi

fi
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_header_stdc" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_header_stdc" >&6; }
if test $ac_cv_header_stdc = yes; then

$as_echo "#define STDC_HEADERS 1" >>confdefs.h

fi

# On IRIX 5.3, sys/types and inttypes.h are conflicting.
for ac_header in sys/types.h sys/stat.h stdlib.h string.h memory.h strings.h \
		  inttypes.h stdint.h unistd.h
do :
  as_ac_Header=`$as_echo "ac_cv_header_$ac_header" | $as_tr_sh`
ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "$ac_header" "$as_ac_Header" "$ac_includes_default
"
if eval test \"x\$"$as_ac_Header"\" = x"yes"; then :
  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define `$as_echo "HAVE_$ac_header" | $as_tr_cpp` 1
_ACEOF

fi

done


for ac_header in sgtty.h termio.h unistd.h string.h termcap.h termlib.h curses.h
do :
  as_ac_Header=`$as_echo "ac_cv_header_$ac_header" | $as_tr_sh`
ac_fn_c_check_header_mongrel "$LINENO" "$ac_header" "$as_ac_Header" "$ac_includes_default"
if eval test \"x\$"$as_ac_Header"\" = x"yes"; then :
  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define `$as_echo "HAVE_$ac_header" | $as_tr_cpp` 1
_ACEOF

fi

done


ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "size_t" "ac_cv_type_size_t" "$ac_includes_default"
if test "x$ac_cv_type_size_t" = xyes; then :

else

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define size_t unsigned int
_ACEOF

fi

{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking return type of signal handlers" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking return type of signal handlers... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_type_signal+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
#include 

int
main ()
{
return *(signal (0, 0)) (0) == 1;
  ;
  return 0;
}
_ACEOF
if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
  ac_cv_type_signal=int
else
  ac_cv_type_signal=void
fi
rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_type_signal" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_type_signal" >&6; }

cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define RETSIGTYPE $ac_cv_type_signal
_ACEOF



for ac_func in usleep srandom sigvec sigsetmask drem irint memcpy
do :
  as_ac_var=`$as_echo "ac_cv_func_$ac_func" | $as_tr_sh`
ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "$ac_func" "$as_ac_var"
if eval test \"x\$"$as_ac_var"\" = x"yes"; then :
  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
#define `$as_echo "HAVE_$ac_func" | $as_tr_cpp` 1
_ACEOF

fi
done

if test $ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu = yes; then
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether $CC needs -traditional" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether $CC needs -traditional... " >&6; }
if ${ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional+:} false; then :
  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
else
    ac_pattern="Autoconf.*'x'"
  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
Autoconf TIOCGETP
_ACEOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  $EGREP "$ac_pattern" >/dev/null 2>&1; then :
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=yes
else
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=no
fi
rm -f conftest*


  if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional = no; then
    cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
/* end confdefs.h.  */
#include 
Autoconf TCGETA
_ACEOF
if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
  $EGREP "$ac_pattern" >/dev/null 2>&1; then :
  ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=yes
fi
rm -f conftest*

  fi
fi
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional" >&5
$as_echo "$ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional" >&6; }
  if test $ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional = yes; then
    CC="$CC -traditional"
  fi
fi


if test "$no_x" != yes; then
   LIBS="$LIBS -lX11"
fi









ac_config_files="$ac_config_files makefile"

cat >confcache <<\_ACEOF
# This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure
# tests run on this system so they can be shared between configure
# scripts and configure runs, see configure's option --config-cache.
# It is not useful on other systems.  If it contains results you don't
# want to keep, you may remove or edit it.
#
# config.status only pays attention to the cache file if you give it
# the --recheck option to rerun configure.
#
# `ac_cv_env_foo' variables (set or unset) will be overridden when
# loading this file, other *unset* `ac_cv_foo' will be assigned the
# following values.

_ACEOF

# The following way of writing the cache mishandles newlines in values,
# but we know of no workaround that is simple, portable, and efficient.
# So, we kill variables containing newlines.
# Ultrix sh set writes to stderr and can't be redirected directly,
# and sets the high bit in the cache file unless we assign to the vars.
(
  for ac_var in `(set) 2>&1 | sed -n 's/^\([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)=.*/\1/p'`; do
    eval ac_val=\$$ac_var
    case $ac_val in #(
    *${as_nl}*)
      case $ac_var in #(
      *_cv_*) { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: cache variable $ac_var contains a newline" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: cache variable $ac_var contains a newline" >&2;} ;;
      esac
      case $ac_var in #(
      _ | IFS | as_nl) ;; #(
      BASH_ARGV | BASH_SOURCE) eval $ac_var= ;; #(
      *) { eval $ac_var=; unset $ac_var;} ;;
      esac ;;
    esac
  done

  (set) 2>&1 |
    case $as_nl`(ac_space=' '; set) 2>&1` in #(
    *${as_nl}ac_space=\ *)
      # `set' does not quote correctly, so add quotes: double-quote
      # substitution turns \\\\ into \\, and sed turns \\ into \.
      sed -n \
	"s/'/'\\\\''/g;
	  s/^\\([_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1='\\2'/p"
      ;; #(
    *)
      # `set' quotes correctly as required by POSIX, so do not add quotes.
      sed -n "/^[_$as_cr_alnum]*_cv_[_$as_cr_alnum]*=/p"
      ;;
    esac |
    sort
) |
  sed '
     /^ac_cv_env_/b end
     t clear
     :clear
     s/^\([^=]*\)=\(.*[{}].*\)$/test "${\1+set}" = set || &/
     t end
     s/^\([^=]*\)=\(.*\)$/\1=${\1=\2}/
     :end' >>confcache
if diff "$cache_file" confcache >/dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
  if test -w "$cache_file"; then
    if test "x$cache_file" != "x/dev/null"; then
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: updating cache $cache_file" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: updating cache $cache_file" >&6;}
      if test ! -f "$cache_file" || test -h "$cache_file"; then
	cat confcache >"$cache_file"
      else
        case $cache_file in #(
        */* | ?:*)
	  mv -f confcache "$cache_file"$$ &&
	  mv -f "$cache_file"$$ "$cache_file" ;; #(
        *)
	  mv -f confcache "$cache_file" ;;
	esac
      fi
    fi
  else
    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: not updating unwritable cache $cache_file" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: not updating unwritable cache $cache_file" >&6;}
  fi
fi
rm -f confcache

test "x$prefix" = xNONE && prefix=$ac_default_prefix
# Let make expand exec_prefix.
test "x$exec_prefix" = xNONE && exec_prefix='${prefix}'

DEFS=-DHAVE_CONFIG_H

ac_libobjs=
ac_ltlibobjs=
U=
for ac_i in : $LIBOBJS; do test "x$ac_i" = x: && continue
  # 1. Remove the extension, and $U if already installed.
  ac_script='s/\$U\././;s/\.o$//;s/\.obj$//'
  ac_i=`$as_echo "$ac_i" | sed "$ac_script"`
  # 2. Prepend LIBOBJDIR.  When used with automake>=1.10 LIBOBJDIR
  #    will be set to the directory where LIBOBJS objects are built.
  as_fn_append ac_libobjs " \${LIBOBJDIR}$ac_i\$U.$ac_objext"
  as_fn_append ac_ltlibobjs " \${LIBOBJDIR}$ac_i"'$U.lo'
done
LIBOBJS=$ac_libobjs

LTLIBOBJS=$ac_ltlibobjs



: "${CONFIG_STATUS=./config.status}"
ac_write_fail=0
ac_clean_files_save=$ac_clean_files
ac_clean_files="$ac_clean_files $CONFIG_STATUS"
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: creating $CONFIG_STATUS" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: creating $CONFIG_STATUS" >&6;}
as_write_fail=0
cat >$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ASEOF || as_write_fail=1
#! $SHELL
# Generated by $as_me.
# Run this file to recreate the current configuration.
# Compiler output produced by configure, useful for debugging
# configure, is in config.log if it exists.

debug=false
ac_cs_recheck=false
ac_cs_silent=false

SHELL=\${CONFIG_SHELL-$SHELL}
export SHELL
_ASEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ASEOF || as_write_fail=1
## -------------------- ##
## M4sh Initialization. ##
## -------------------- ##

# Be more Bourne compatible
DUALCASE=1; export DUALCASE # for MKS sh
if test -n "${ZSH_VERSION+set}" && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1; then :
  emulate sh
  NULLCMD=:
  # Pre-4.2 versions of Zsh do word splitting on ${1+"$@"}, which
  # is contrary to our usage.  Disable this feature.
  alias -g '${1+"$@"}'='"$@"'
  setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST
else
  case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in #(
  *posix*) :
    set -o posix ;; #(
  *) :
     ;;
esac
fi


as_nl='
'
export as_nl
# Printing a long string crashes Solaris 7 /usr/bin/printf.
as_echo='\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'
as_echo=$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo
as_echo=$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo$as_echo
# Prefer a ksh shell builtin over an external printf program on Solaris,
# but without wasting forks for bash or zsh.
if test -z "$BASH_VERSION$ZSH_VERSION" \
    && (test "X`print -r -- $as_echo`" = "X$as_echo") 2>/dev/null; then
  as_echo='print -r --'
  as_echo_n='print -rn --'
elif (test "X`printf %s $as_echo`" = "X$as_echo") 2>/dev/null; then
  as_echo='printf %s\n'
  as_echo_n='printf %s'
else
  if test "X`(/usr/ucb/echo -n -n $as_echo) 2>/dev/null`" = "X-n $as_echo"; then
    as_echo_body='eval /usr/ucb/echo -n "$1$as_nl"'
    as_echo_n='/usr/ucb/echo -n'
  else
    as_echo_body='eval expr "X$1" : "X\\(.*\\)"'
    as_echo_n_body='eval
      arg=$1;
      case $arg in #(
      *"$as_nl"*)
	expr "X$arg" : "X\\(.*\\)$as_nl";
	arg=`expr "X$arg" : ".*$as_nl\\(.*\\)"`;;
      esac;
      expr "X$arg" : "X\\(.*\\)" | tr -d "$as_nl"
    '
    export as_echo_n_body
    as_echo_n='sh -c $as_echo_n_body as_echo'
  fi
  export as_echo_body
  as_echo='sh -c $as_echo_body as_echo'
fi

# The user is always right.
if test "${PATH_SEPARATOR+set}" != set; then
  PATH_SEPARATOR=:
  (PATH='/bin;/bin'; FPATH=$PATH; sh -c :) >/dev/null 2>&1 && {
    (PATH='/bin:/bin'; FPATH=$PATH; sh -c :) >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
      PATH_SEPARATOR=';'
  }
fi


# IFS
# We need space, tab and new line, in precisely that order.  Quoting is
# there to prevent editors from complaining about space-tab.
# (If _AS_PATH_WALK were called with IFS unset, it would disable word
# splitting by setting IFS to empty value.)
IFS=" ""	$as_nl"

# Find who we are.  Look in the path if we contain no directory separator.
as_myself=
case $0 in #((
  *[\\/]* ) as_myself=$0 ;;
  *) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
for as_dir in $PATH
do
  IFS=$as_save_IFS
  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
    test -r "$as_dir/$0" && as_myself=$as_dir/$0 && break
  done
IFS=$as_save_IFS

     ;;
esac
# We did not find ourselves, most probably we were run as `sh COMMAND'
# in which case we are not to be found in the path.
if test "x$as_myself" = x; then
  as_myself=$0
fi
if test ! -f "$as_myself"; then
  $as_echo "$as_myself: error: cannot find myself; rerun with an absolute file name" >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Unset variables that we do not need and which cause bugs (e.g. in
# pre-3.0 UWIN ksh).  But do not cause bugs in bash 2.01; the "|| exit 1"
# suppresses any "Segmentation fault" message there.  '((' could
# trigger a bug in pdksh 5.2.14.
for as_var in BASH_ENV ENV MAIL MAILPATH
do eval test x\${$as_var+set} = xset \
  && ( (unset $as_var) || exit 1) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset $as_var || :
done
PS1='$ '
PS2='> '
PS4='+ '

# NLS nuisances.
LC_ALL=C
export LC_ALL
LANGUAGE=C
export LANGUAGE

# CDPATH.
(unset CDPATH) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset CDPATH


# as_fn_error STATUS ERROR [LINENO LOG_FD]
# ----------------------------------------
# Output "`basename $0`: error: ERROR" to stderr. If LINENO and LOG_FD are
# provided, also output the error to LOG_FD, referencing LINENO. Then exit the
# script with STATUS, using 1 if that was 0.
as_fn_error ()
{
  as_status=$1; test $as_status -eq 0 && as_status=1
  if test "$4"; then
    as_lineno=${as_lineno-"$3"} as_lineno_stack=as_lineno_stack=$as_lineno_stack
    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: $2" >&$4
  fi
  $as_echo "$as_me: error: $2" >&2
  as_fn_exit $as_status
} # as_fn_error


# as_fn_set_status STATUS
# -----------------------
# Set $? to STATUS, without forking.
as_fn_set_status ()
{
  return $1
} # as_fn_set_status

# as_fn_exit STATUS
# -----------------
# Exit the shell with STATUS, even in a "trap 0" or "set -e" context.
as_fn_exit ()
{
  set +e
  as_fn_set_status $1
  exit $1
} # as_fn_exit

# as_fn_unset VAR
# ---------------
# Portably unset VAR.
as_fn_unset ()
{
  { eval $1=; unset $1;}
}
as_unset=as_fn_unset
# as_fn_append VAR VALUE
# ----------------------
# Append the text in VALUE to the end of the definition contained in VAR. Take
# advantage of any shell optimizations that allow amortized linear growth over
# repeated appends, instead of the typical quadratic growth present in naive
# implementations.
if (eval "as_var=1; as_var+=2; test x\$as_var = x12") 2>/dev/null; then :
  eval 'as_fn_append ()
  {
    eval $1+=\$2
  }'
else
  as_fn_append ()
  {
    eval $1=\$$1\$2
  }
fi # as_fn_append

# as_fn_arith ARG...
# ------------------
# Perform arithmetic evaluation on the ARGs, and store the result in the
# global $as_val. Take advantage of shells that can avoid forks. The arguments
# must be portable across $(()) and expr.
if (eval "test \$(( 1 + 1 )) = 2") 2>/dev/null; then :
  eval 'as_fn_arith ()
  {
    as_val=$(( $* ))
  }'
else
  as_fn_arith ()
  {
    as_val=`expr "$@" || test $? -eq 1`
  }
fi # as_fn_arith


if expr a : '\(a\)' >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
   test "X`expr 00001 : '.*\(...\)'`" = X001; then
  as_expr=expr
else
  as_expr=false
fi

if (basename -- /) >/dev/null 2>&1 && test "X`basename -- / 2>&1`" = "X/"; then
  as_basename=basename
else
  as_basename=false
fi

if (as_dir=`dirname -- /` && test "X$as_dir" = X/) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  as_dirname=dirname
else
  as_dirname=false
fi

as_me=`$as_basename -- "$0" ||
$as_expr X/"$0" : '.*/\([^/][^/]*\)/*$' \| \
	 X"$0" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \
	 X"$0" : 'X\(/\)' \| . 2>/dev/null ||
$as_echo X/"$0" |
    sed '/^.*\/\([^/][^/]*\)\/*$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\/\(\/\/\)$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\/\(\/\).*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  s/.*/./; q'`

# Avoid depending upon Character Ranges.
as_cr_letters='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
as_cr_LETTERS='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
as_cr_Letters=$as_cr_letters$as_cr_LETTERS
as_cr_digits='0123456789'
as_cr_alnum=$as_cr_Letters$as_cr_digits

ECHO_C= ECHO_N= ECHO_T=
case `echo -n x` in #(((((
-n*)
  case `echo 'xy\c'` in
  *c*) ECHO_T='	';;	# ECHO_T is single tab character.
  xy)  ECHO_C='\c';;
  *)   echo `echo ksh88 bug on AIX 6.1` > /dev/null
       ECHO_T='	';;
  esac;;
*)
  ECHO_N='-n';;
esac

rm -f conf$$ conf$$.exe conf$$.file
if test -d conf$$.dir; then
  rm -f conf$$.dir/conf$$.file
else
  rm -f conf$$.dir
  mkdir conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null
fi
if (echo >conf$$.file) 2>/dev/null; then
  if ln -s conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then
    as_ln_s='ln -s'
    # ... but there are two gotchas:
    # 1) On MSYS, both `ln -s file dir' and `ln file dir' fail.
    # 2) DJGPP < 2.04 has no symlinks; `ln -s' creates a wrapper executable.
    # In both cases, we have to default to `cp -pR'.
    ln -s conf$$.file conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null && test ! -f conf$$.exe ||
      as_ln_s='cp -pR'
  elif ln conf$$.file conf$$ 2>/dev/null; then
    as_ln_s=ln
  else
    as_ln_s='cp -pR'
  fi
else
  as_ln_s='cp -pR'
fi
rm -f conf$$ conf$$.exe conf$$.dir/conf$$.file conf$$.file
rmdir conf$$.dir 2>/dev/null


# as_fn_mkdir_p
# -------------
# Create "$as_dir" as a directory, including parents if necessary.
as_fn_mkdir_p ()
{

  case $as_dir in #(
  -*) as_dir=./$as_dir;;
  esac
  test -d "$as_dir" || eval $as_mkdir_p || {
    as_dirs=
    while :; do
      case $as_dir in #(
      *\'*) as_qdir=`$as_echo "$as_dir" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"`;; #'(
      *) as_qdir=$as_dir;;
      esac
      as_dirs="'$as_qdir' $as_dirs"
      as_dir=`$as_dirname -- "$as_dir" ||
$as_expr X"$as_dir" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)//*[^/][^/]*/*$' \| \
	 X"$as_dir" : 'X\(//\)[^/]' \| \
	 X"$as_dir" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \
	 X"$as_dir" : 'X\(/\)' \| . 2>/dev/null ||
$as_echo X"$as_dir" |
    sed '/^X\(.*[^/]\)\/\/*[^/][^/]*\/*$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)[^/].*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\).*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  s/.*/./; q'`
      test -d "$as_dir" && break
    done
    test -z "$as_dirs" || eval "mkdir $as_dirs"
  } || test -d "$as_dir" || as_fn_error $? "cannot create directory $as_dir"


} # as_fn_mkdir_p
if mkdir -p . 2>/dev/null; then
  as_mkdir_p='mkdir -p "$as_dir"'
else
  test -d ./-p && rmdir ./-p
  as_mkdir_p=false
fi


# as_fn_executable_p FILE
# -----------------------
# Test if FILE is an executable regular file.
as_fn_executable_p ()
{
  test -f "$1" && test -x "$1"
} # as_fn_executable_p
as_test_x='test -x'
as_executable_p=as_fn_executable_p

# Sed expression to map a string onto a valid CPP name.
as_tr_cpp="eval sed 'y%*$as_cr_letters%P$as_cr_LETTERS%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'"

# Sed expression to map a string onto a valid variable name.
as_tr_sh="eval sed 'y%*+%pp%;s%[^_$as_cr_alnum]%_%g'"


exec 6>&1
## ----------------------------------- ##
## Main body of $CONFIG_STATUS script. ##
## ----------------------------------- ##
_ASEOF
test $as_write_fail = 0 && chmod +x $CONFIG_STATUS || ac_write_fail=1

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
# Save the log message, to keep $0 and so on meaningful, and to
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
This file was extended by ucblogo $as_me 6.1, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was

  CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
  CONFIG_HEADERS  = $CONFIG_HEADERS
  CONFIG_LINKS    = $CONFIG_LINKS
  CONFIG_COMMANDS = $CONFIG_COMMANDS
  $ $0 $@

on `(hostname || uname -n) 2>/dev/null | sed 1q`
"

_ACEOF

case $ac_config_files in *"
"*) set x $ac_config_files; shift; ac_config_files=$*;;
esac

case $ac_config_headers in *"
"*) set x $ac_config_headers; shift; ac_config_headers=$*;;
esac


cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
# Files that config.status was made for.
config_files="$ac_config_files"
config_headers="$ac_config_headers"

_ACEOF

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_usage="\
\`$as_me' instantiates files and other configuration actions
from templates according to the current configuration.  Unless the files
and actions are specified as TAGs, all are instantiated by default.

Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [TAG]...

  -h, --help       print this help, then exit
  -V, --version    print version number and configuration settings, then exit
      --config     print configuration, then exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent
                   do not print progress messages
  -d, --debug      don't remove temporary files
      --recheck    update $as_me by reconfiguring in the same conditions
      --file=FILE[:TEMPLATE]
                   instantiate the configuration file FILE
      --header=FILE[:TEMPLATE]
                   instantiate the configuration header FILE

Configuration files:
$config_files

Configuration headers:
$config_headers

Report bugs to the package provider."

_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_config="`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`"
ac_cs_version="\\
ucblogo config.status 6.1
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69,
  with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"

Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This config.status script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it."

ac_pwd='$ac_pwd'
srcdir='$srcdir'
test -n "\$AWK" || AWK=awk
_ACEOF

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
# The default lists apply if the user does not specify any file.
ac_need_defaults=:
while test $# != 0
do
  case $1 in
  --*=?*)
    ac_option=`expr "X$1" : 'X\([^=]*\)='`
    ac_optarg=`expr "X$1" : 'X[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
    ac_shift=:
    ;;
  --*=)
    ac_option=`expr "X$1" : 'X\([^=]*\)='`
    ac_optarg=
    ac_shift=:
    ;;
  *)
    ac_option=$1
    ac_optarg=$2
    ac_shift=shift
    ;;
  esac

  case $ac_option in
  # Handling of the options.
  -recheck | --recheck | --rechec | --reche | --rech | --rec | --re | --r)
    ac_cs_recheck=: ;;
  --version | --versio | --versi | --vers | --ver | --ve | --v | -V )
    $as_echo "$ac_cs_version"; exit ;;
  --config | --confi | --conf | --con | --co | --c )
    $as_echo "$ac_cs_config"; exit ;;
  --debug | --debu | --deb | --de | --d | -d )
    debug=: ;;
  --file | --fil | --fi | --f )
    $ac_shift
    case $ac_optarg in
    *\'*) ac_optarg=`$as_echo "$ac_optarg" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"` ;;
    '') as_fn_error $? "missing file argument" ;;
    esac
    as_fn_append CONFIG_FILES " '$ac_optarg'"
    ac_need_defaults=false;;
  --header | --heade | --head | --hea )
    $ac_shift
    case $ac_optarg in
    *\'*) ac_optarg=`$as_echo "$ac_optarg" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"` ;;
    esac
    as_fn_append CONFIG_HEADERS " '$ac_optarg'"
    ac_need_defaults=false;;
  --he | --h)
    # Conflict between --help and --header
    as_fn_error $? "ambiguous option: \`$1'
Try \`$0 --help' for more information.";;
  --help | --hel | -h )
    $as_echo "$ac_cs_usage"; exit ;;
  -q | -quiet | --quiet | --quie | --qui | --qu | --q \
  | -silent | --silent | --silen | --sile | --sil | --si | --s)
    ac_cs_silent=: ;;

  # This is an error.
  -*) as_fn_error $? "unrecognized option: \`$1'
Try \`$0 --help' for more information." ;;

  *) as_fn_append ac_config_targets " $1"
     ac_need_defaults=false ;;

  esac
  shift
done

ac_configure_extra_args=

if $ac_cs_silent; then
  exec 6>/dev/null
  ac_configure_extra_args="$ac_configure_extra_args --silent"
fi

_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
if \$ac_cs_recheck; then
  set X $SHELL '$0' $ac_configure_args \$ac_configure_extra_args --no-create --no-recursion
  shift
  \$as_echo "running CONFIG_SHELL=$SHELL \$*" >&6
  CONFIG_SHELL='$SHELL'
  export CONFIG_SHELL
  exec "\$@"
fi

_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
exec 5>>config.log
{
  echo
  sed 'h;s/./-/g;s/^.../## /;s/...$/ ##/;p;x;p;x' <<_ASBOX
## Running $as_me. ##
_ASBOX
  $as_echo "$ac_log"
} >&5

_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
_ACEOF

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1

# Handling of arguments.
for ac_config_target in $ac_config_targets
do
  case $ac_config_target in
    "config.h") CONFIG_HEADERS="$CONFIG_HEADERS config.h" ;;
    "makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES makefile" ;;

  *) as_fn_error $? "invalid argument: \`$ac_config_target'" "$LINENO" 5;;
  esac
done


# If the user did not use the arguments to specify the items to instantiate,
# then the envvar interface is used.  Set only those that are not.
# We use the long form for the default assignment because of an extremely
# bizarre bug on SunOS 4.1.3.
if $ac_need_defaults; then
  test "${CONFIG_FILES+set}" = set || CONFIG_FILES=$config_files
  test "${CONFIG_HEADERS+set}" = set || CONFIG_HEADERS=$config_headers
fi

# Have a temporary directory for convenience.  Make it in the build tree
# simply because there is no reason against having it here, and in addition,
# creating and moving files from /tmp can sometimes cause problems.
# Hook for its removal unless debugging.
# Note that there is a small window in which the directory will not be cleaned:
# after its creation but before its name has been assigned to `$tmp'.
$debug ||
{
  tmp= ac_tmp=
  trap 'exit_status=$?
  : "${ac_tmp:=$tmp}"
  { test ! -d "$ac_tmp" || rm -fr "$ac_tmp"; } && exit $exit_status
' 0
  trap 'as_fn_exit 1' 1 2 13 15
}
# Create a (secure) tmp directory for tmp files.

{
  tmp=`(umask 077 && mktemp -d "./confXXXXXX") 2>/dev/null` &&
  test -d "$tmp"
}  ||
{
  tmp=./conf$$-$RANDOM
  (umask 077 && mkdir "$tmp")
} || as_fn_error $? "cannot create a temporary directory in ." "$LINENO" 5
ac_tmp=$tmp

# Set up the scripts for CONFIG_FILES section.
# No need to generate them if there are no CONFIG_FILES.
# This happens for instance with `./config.status config.h'.
if test -n "$CONFIG_FILES"; then


ac_cr=`echo X | tr X '\015'`
# On cygwin, bash can eat \r inside `` if the user requested igncr.
# But we know of no other shell where ac_cr would be empty at this
# point, so we can use a bashism as a fallback.
if test "x$ac_cr" = x; then
  eval ac_cr=\$\'\\r\'
fi
ac_cs_awk_cr=`$AWK 'BEGIN { print "a\rb" }' /dev/null`
if test "$ac_cs_awk_cr" = "a${ac_cr}b"; then
  ac_cs_awk_cr='\\r'
else
  ac_cs_awk_cr=$ac_cr
fi

echo 'BEGIN {' >"$ac_tmp/subs1.awk" &&
_ACEOF


{
  echo "cat >conf$$subs.awk <<_ACEOF" &&
  echo "$ac_subst_vars" | sed 's/.*/&!$&$ac_delim/' &&
  echo "_ACEOF"
} >conf$$subs.sh ||
  as_fn_error $? "could not make $CONFIG_STATUS" "$LINENO" 5
ac_delim_num=`echo "$ac_subst_vars" | grep -c '^'`
ac_delim='%!_!# '
for ac_last_try in false false false false false :; do
  . ./conf$$subs.sh ||
    as_fn_error $? "could not make $CONFIG_STATUS" "$LINENO" 5

  ac_delim_n=`sed -n "s/.*$ac_delim\$/X/p" conf$$subs.awk | grep -c X`
  if test $ac_delim_n = $ac_delim_num; then
    break
  elif $ac_last_try; then
    as_fn_error $? "could not make $CONFIG_STATUS" "$LINENO" 5
  else
    ac_delim="$ac_delim!$ac_delim _$ac_delim!! "
  fi
done
rm -f conf$$subs.sh

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
cat >>"\$ac_tmp/subs1.awk" <<\\_ACAWK &&
_ACEOF
sed -n '
h
s/^/S["/; s/!.*/"]=/
p
g
s/^[^!]*!//
:repl
t repl
s/'"$ac_delim"'$//
t delim
:nl
h
s/\(.\{148\}\)..*/\1/
t more1
s/["\\]/\\&/g; s/^/"/; s/$/\\n"\\/
p
n
b repl
:more1
s/["\\]/\\&/g; s/^/"/; s/$/"\\/
p
g
s/.\{148\}//
t nl
:delim
h
s/\(.\{148\}\)..*/\1/
t more2
s/["\\]/\\&/g; s/^/"/; s/$/"/
p
b
:more2
s/["\\]/\\&/g; s/^/"/; s/$/"\\/
p
g
s/.\{148\}//
t delim
' >$CONFIG_STATUS || ac_write_fail=1
rm -f conf$$subs.awk
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
_ACAWK
cat >>"\$ac_tmp/subs1.awk" <<_ACAWK &&
  for (key in S) S_is_set[key] = 1
  FS = ""

}
{
  line = $ 0
  nfields = split(line, field, "@")
  substed = 0
  len = length(field[1])
  for (i = 2; i < nfields; i++) {
    key = field[i]
    keylen = length(key)
    if (S_is_set[key]) {
      value = S[key]
      line = substr(line, 1, len) "" value "" substr(line, len + keylen + 3)
      len += length(value) + length(field[++i])
      substed = 1
    } else
      len += 1 + keylen
  }

  print line
}

_ACAWK
_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
if sed "s/$ac_cr//" < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1; then
  sed "s/$ac_cr\$//; s/$ac_cr/$ac_cs_awk_cr/g"
else
  cat
fi < "$ac_tmp/subs1.awk" > "$ac_tmp/subs.awk" \
  || as_fn_error $? "could not setup config files machinery" "$LINENO" 5
_ACEOF

# VPATH may cause trouble with some makes, so we remove sole $(srcdir),
# ${srcdir} and @srcdir@ entries from VPATH if srcdir is ".", strip leading and
# trailing colons and then remove the whole line if VPATH becomes empty
# (actually we leave an empty line to preserve line numbers).
if test "x$srcdir" = x.; then
  ac_vpsub='/^[	 ]*VPATH[	 ]*=[	 ]*/{
h
s///
s/^/:/
s/[	 ]*$/:/
s/:\$(srcdir):/:/g
s/:\${srcdir}:/:/g
s/:@srcdir@:/:/g
s/^:*//
s/:*$//
x
s/\(=[	 ]*\).*/\1/
G
s/\n//
s/^[^=]*=[	 ]*$//
}'
fi

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
fi # test -n "$CONFIG_FILES"

# Set up the scripts for CONFIG_HEADERS section.
# No need to generate them if there are no CONFIG_HEADERS.
# This happens for instance with `./config.status Makefile'.
if test -n "$CONFIG_HEADERS"; then
cat >"$ac_tmp/defines.awk" <<\_ACAWK ||
BEGIN {
_ACEOF

# Transform confdefs.h into an awk script `defines.awk', embedded as
# here-document in config.status, that substitutes the proper values into
# config.h.in to produce config.h.

# Create a delimiter string that does not exist in confdefs.h, to ease
# handling of long lines.
ac_delim='%!_!# '
for ac_last_try in false false :; do
  ac_tt=`sed -n "/$ac_delim/p" confdefs.h`
  if test -z "$ac_tt"; then
    break
  elif $ac_last_try; then
    as_fn_error $? "could not make $CONFIG_HEADERS" "$LINENO" 5
  else
    ac_delim="$ac_delim!$ac_delim _$ac_delim!! "
  fi
done

# For the awk script, D is an array of macro values keyed by name,
# likewise P contains macro parameters if any.  Preserve backslash
# newline sequences.

ac_word_re=[_$as_cr_Letters][_$as_cr_alnum]*
sed -n '
s/.\{148\}/&'"$ac_delim"'/g
t rset
:rset
s/^[	 ]*#[	 ]*define[	 ][	 ]*/ /
t def
d
:def
s/\\$//
t bsnl
s/["\\]/\\&/g
s/^ \('"$ac_word_re"'\)\(([^()]*)\)[	 ]*\(.*\)/P["\1"]="\2"\
D["\1"]=" \3"/p
s/^ \('"$ac_word_re"'\)[	 ]*\(.*\)/D["\1"]=" \2"/p
d
:bsnl
s/["\\]/\\&/g
s/^ \('"$ac_word_re"'\)\(([^()]*)\)[	 ]*\(.*\)/P["\1"]="\2"\
D["\1"]=" \3\\\\\\n"\\/p
t cont
s/^ \('"$ac_word_re"'\)[	 ]*\(.*\)/D["\1"]=" \2\\\\\\n"\\/p
t cont
d
:cont
n
s/.\{148\}/&'"$ac_delim"'/g
t clear
:clear
s/\\$//
t bsnlc
s/["\\]/\\&/g; s/^/"/; s/$/"/p
d
:bsnlc
s/["\\]/\\&/g; s/^/"/; s/$/\\\\\\n"\\/p
b cont
' >$CONFIG_STATUS || ac_write_fail=1

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
  for (key in D) D_is_set[key] = 1
  FS = ""
}
/^[\t ]*#[\t ]*(define|undef)[\t ]+$ac_word_re([\t (]|\$)/ {
  line = \$ 0
  split(line, arg, " ")
  if (arg[1] == "#") {
    defundef = arg[2]
    mac1 = arg[3]
  } else {
    defundef = substr(arg[1], 2)
    mac1 = arg[2]
  }
  split(mac1, mac2, "(") #)
  macro = mac2[1]
  prefix = substr(line, 1, index(line, defundef) - 1)
  if (D_is_set[macro]) {
    # Preserve the white space surrounding the "#".
    print prefix "define", macro P[macro] D[macro]
    next
  } else {
    # Replace #undef with comments.  This is necessary, for example,
    # in the case of _POSIX_SOURCE, which is predefined and required
    # on some systems where configure will not decide to define it.
    if (defundef == "undef") {
      print "/*", prefix defundef, macro, "*/"
      next
    }
  }
}
{ print }
_ACAWK
_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
  as_fn_error $? "could not setup config headers machinery" "$LINENO" 5
fi # test -n "$CONFIG_HEADERS"


eval set X "  :F $CONFIG_FILES  :H $CONFIG_HEADERS    "
shift
for ac_tag
do
  case $ac_tag in
  :[FHLC]) ac_mode=$ac_tag; continue;;
  esac
  case $ac_mode$ac_tag in
  :[FHL]*:*);;
  :L* | :C*:*) as_fn_error $? "invalid tag \`$ac_tag'" "$LINENO" 5;;
  :[FH]-) ac_tag=-:-;;
  :[FH]*) ac_tag=$ac_tag:$ac_tag.in;;
  esac
  ac_save_IFS=$IFS
  IFS=:
  set x $ac_tag
  IFS=$ac_save_IFS
  shift
  ac_file=$1
  shift

  case $ac_mode in
  :L) ac_source=$1;;
  :[FH])
    ac_file_inputs=
    for ac_f
    do
      case $ac_f in
      -) ac_f="$ac_tmp/stdin";;
      *) # Look for the file first in the build tree, then in the source tree
	 # (if the path is not absolute).  The absolute path cannot be DOS-style,
	 # because $ac_f cannot contain `:'.
	 test -f "$ac_f" ||
	   case $ac_f in
	   [\\/$]*) false;;
	   *) test -f "$srcdir/$ac_f" && ac_f="$srcdir/$ac_f";;
	   esac ||
	   as_fn_error 1 "cannot find input file: \`$ac_f'" "$LINENO" 5;;
      esac
      case $ac_f in *\'*) ac_f=`$as_echo "$ac_f" | sed "s/'/'\\\\\\\\''/g"`;; esac
      as_fn_append ac_file_inputs " '$ac_f'"
    done

    # Let's still pretend it is `configure' which instantiates (i.e., don't
    # use $as_me), people would be surprised to read:
    #    /* config.h.  Generated by config.status.  */
    configure_input='Generated from '`
	  $as_echo "$*" | sed 's|^[^:]*/||;s|:[^:]*/|, |g'
	`' by configure.'
    if test x"$ac_file" != x-; then
      configure_input="$ac_file.  $configure_input"
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: creating $ac_file" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: creating $ac_file" >&6;}
    fi
    # Neutralize special characters interpreted by sed in replacement strings.
    case $configure_input in #(
    *\&* | *\|* | *\\* )
       ac_sed_conf_input=`$as_echo "$configure_input" |
       sed 's/[\\\\&|]/\\\\&/g'`;; #(
    *) ac_sed_conf_input=$configure_input;;
    esac

    case $ac_tag in
    *:-:* | *:-) cat >"$ac_tmp/stdin" \
      || as_fn_error $? "could not create $ac_file" "$LINENO" 5 ;;
    esac
    ;;
  esac

  ac_dir=`$as_dirname -- "$ac_file" ||
$as_expr X"$ac_file" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)//*[^/][^/]*/*$' \| \
	 X"$ac_file" : 'X\(//\)[^/]' \| \
	 X"$ac_file" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \
	 X"$ac_file" : 'X\(/\)' \| . 2>/dev/null ||
$as_echo X"$ac_file" |
    sed '/^X\(.*[^/]\)\/\/*[^/][^/]*\/*$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)[^/].*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\/\)$/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  /^X\(\/\).*/{
	    s//\1/
	    q
	  }
	  s/.*/./; q'`
  as_dir="$ac_dir"; as_fn_mkdir_p
  ac_builddir=.

case "$ac_dir" in
.) ac_dir_suffix= ac_top_builddir_sub=. ac_top_build_prefix= ;;
*)
  ac_dir_suffix=/`$as_echo "$ac_dir" | sed 's|^\.[\\/]||'`
  # A ".." for each directory in $ac_dir_suffix.
  ac_top_builddir_sub=`$as_echo "$ac_dir_suffix" | sed 's|/[^\\/]*|/..|g;s|/||'`
  case $ac_top_builddir_sub in
  "") ac_top_builddir_sub=. ac_top_build_prefix= ;;
  *)  ac_top_build_prefix=$ac_top_builddir_sub/ ;;
  esac ;;
esac
ac_abs_top_builddir=$ac_pwd
ac_abs_builddir=$ac_pwd$ac_dir_suffix
# for backward compatibility:
ac_top_builddir=$ac_top_build_prefix

case $srcdir in
  .)  # We are building in place.
    ac_srcdir=.
    ac_top_srcdir=$ac_top_builddir_sub
    ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_pwd ;;
  [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* )  # Absolute name.
    ac_srcdir=$srcdir$ac_dir_suffix;
    ac_top_srcdir=$srcdir
    ac_abs_top_srcdir=$srcdir ;;
  *) # Relative name.
    ac_srcdir=$ac_top_build_prefix$srcdir$ac_dir_suffix
    ac_top_srcdir=$ac_top_build_prefix$srcdir
    ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_pwd/$srcdir ;;
esac
ac_abs_srcdir=$ac_abs_top_srcdir$ac_dir_suffix


  case $ac_mode in
  :F)
  #
  # CONFIG_FILE
  #

_ACEOF

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
# If the template does not know about datarootdir, expand it.
# FIXME: This hack should be removed a few years after 2.60.
ac_datarootdir_hack=; ac_datarootdir_seen=
ac_sed_dataroot='
/datarootdir/ {
  p
  q
}
/@datadir@/p
/@docdir@/p
/@infodir@/p
/@localedir@/p
/@mandir@/p'
case `eval "sed -n \"\$ac_sed_dataroot\" $ac_file_inputs"` in
*datarootdir*) ac_datarootdir_seen=yes;;
*@datadir@*|*@docdir@*|*@infodir@*|*@localedir@*|*@mandir@*)
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $ac_file_inputs seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $ac_file_inputs seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting" >&2;}
_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
  ac_datarootdir_hack='
  s&@datadir@&$datadir&g
  s&@docdir@&$docdir&g
  s&@infodir@&$infodir&g
  s&@localedir@&$localedir&g
  s&@mandir@&$mandir&g
  s&\\\${datarootdir}&$datarootdir&g' ;;
esac
_ACEOF

# Neutralize VPATH when `$srcdir' = `.'.
# Shell code in configure.ac might set extrasub.
# FIXME: do we really want to maintain this feature?
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_sed_extra="$ac_vpsub
$extrasub
_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
:t
/@[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*@/!b
s|@configure_input@|$ac_sed_conf_input|;t t
s&@top_builddir@&$ac_top_builddir_sub&;t t
s&@top_build_prefix@&$ac_top_build_prefix&;t t
s&@srcdir@&$ac_srcdir&;t t
s&@abs_srcdir@&$ac_abs_srcdir&;t t
s&@top_srcdir@&$ac_top_srcdir&;t t
s&@abs_top_srcdir@&$ac_abs_top_srcdir&;t t
s&@builddir@&$ac_builddir&;t t
s&@abs_builddir@&$ac_abs_builddir&;t t
s&@abs_top_builddir@&$ac_abs_top_builddir&;t t
$ac_datarootdir_hack
"
eval sed \"\$ac_sed_extra\" "$ac_file_inputs" | $AWK -f "$ac_tmp/subs.awk" \
  >$ac_tmp/out || as_fn_error $? "could not create $ac_file" "$LINENO" 5

test -z "$ac_datarootdir_hack$ac_datarootdir_seen" &&
  { ac_out=`sed -n '/\${datarootdir}/p' "$ac_tmp/out"`; test -n "$ac_out"; } &&
  { ac_out=`sed -n '/^[	 ]*datarootdir[	 ]*:*=/p' \
      "$ac_tmp/out"`; test -z "$ac_out"; } &&
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: $ac_file contains a reference to the variable \`datarootdir'
which seems to be undefined.  Please make sure it is defined" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: $ac_file contains a reference to the variable \`datarootdir'
which seems to be undefined.  Please make sure it is defined" >&2;}

  rm -f "$ac_tmp/stdin"
  case $ac_file in
  -) cat "$ac_tmp/out" && rm -f "$ac_tmp/out";;
  *) rm -f "$ac_file" && mv "$ac_tmp/out" "$ac_file";;
  esac \
  || as_fn_error $? "could not create $ac_file" "$LINENO" 5
 ;;
  :H)
  #
  # CONFIG_HEADER
  #
  if test x"$ac_file" != x-; then
    {
      $as_echo "/* $configure_input  */" \
      && eval '$AWK -f "$ac_tmp/defines.awk"' "$ac_file_inputs"
    } >"$ac_tmp/config.h" \
      || as_fn_error $? "could not create $ac_file" "$LINENO" 5
    if diff "$ac_file" "$ac_tmp/config.h" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
      { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: $ac_file is unchanged" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: $ac_file is unchanged" >&6;}
    else
      rm -f "$ac_file"
      mv "$ac_tmp/config.h" "$ac_file" \
	|| as_fn_error $? "could not create $ac_file" "$LINENO" 5
    fi
  else
    $as_echo "/* $configure_input  */" \
      && eval '$AWK -f "$ac_tmp/defines.awk"' "$ac_file_inputs" \
      || as_fn_error $? "could not create -" "$LINENO" 5
  fi
 ;;


  esac

done # for ac_tag


as_fn_exit 0
_ACEOF
ac_clean_files=$ac_clean_files_save

test $ac_write_fail = 0 ||
  as_fn_error $? "write failure creating $CONFIG_STATUS" "$LINENO" 5


# configure is writing to config.log, and then calls config.status.
# config.status does its own redirection, appending to config.log.
# Unfortunately, on DOS this fails, as config.log is still kept open
# by configure, so config.status won't be able to write to it; its
# output is simply discarded.  So we exec the FD to /dev/null,
# effectively closing config.log, so it can be properly (re)opened and
# appended to by config.status.  When coming back to configure, we
# need to make the FD available again.
if test "$no_create" != yes; then
  ac_cs_success=:
  ac_config_status_args=
  test "$silent" = yes &&
    ac_config_status_args="$ac_config_status_args --quiet"
  exec 5>/dev/null
  $SHELL $CONFIG_STATUS $ac_config_status_args || ac_cs_success=false
  exec 5>>config.log
  # Use ||, not &&, to avoid exiting from the if with $? = 1, which
  # would make configure fail if this is the last instruction.
  $ac_cs_success || as_fn_exit 1
fi
if test -n "$ac_unrecognized_opts" && test "$enable_option_checking" != no; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: unrecognized options: $ac_unrecognized_opts" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: unrecognized options: $ac_unrecognized_opts" >&2;}
fi

ucblogo-6.1/config.h.in0000664000175000017500000000364213575571772013165 0ustar  jjcjjc/* config.h.in.  Generated automatically from configure.in by autoheader.  */

/* Define if you need to in order for stat and other things to work.  */
#undef _POSIX_SOURCE

/* Define as the return instruction for signal handlers. */
#define SIGRET

/* Define as the return type of signal handlers (int or void).  */
#undef RETSIGTYPE

/* Define if signal handlers take an argument. */
#define SIG_TAKES_ARG

/* Define to `unsigned' if  doesn't define.  */
#undef size_t

/* Define if you have the ANSI C header files.  */
#undef STDC_HEADERS

/* Define if you have the matherr function.  */
#undef HAVE_MATHERR

/* Define if you have the sigsetmask function.  */
#undef HAVE_SIGSETMASK

/* Define if you have the sigvec function.  */
#undef HAVE_SIGVEC

/* Define if you have the srandom function.  */
#undef HAVE_SRANDOM

/* Define if you have the usleep function.  */
#undef HAVE_USLEEP

/* Define if you have the memcpy function.  */
#undef HAVE_MEMCPY

/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#undef HAVE_SGTTY_H

/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#undef HAVE_TERMIO_H
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#undef HAVE_UNISTD_H
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#undef HAVE_STRING_H
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#undef HAVE_TERMCAP_H
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#undef HAVE_TERMLIB_H
  
/* Define if you have the  header file.  */
#undef HAVE_CURSES_H

/* Define if you have the BSD library (-lBSD).  */
#undef HAVE_LIBBSD

/* Define if you have the curses library (-lcurses).  */
#undef HAVE_LIBCURSES

/* Define if you have the m library (-lm).  */
#undef HAVE_LIBM

/* Define if you have the termcap library (-ltermcap).  */
#undef HAVE_LIBTERMCAP

/* Define if you have the termlib library (-ltermlib).  */
#undef HAVE_LIBTERMLIB

/* Define if you have the wx library.  */
#undef HAVE_WX
ucblogo-6.1/changes.txt0000664000175000017500000000532713557147341013304 0ustar  jjcjjcThere are two main hooks in the original logo where we put our changes
for the wx GUI.  One of these was for the graphics.  This system which
was used was part of the exist logo method for implementing graphics
on different platforms.  If you look at the top of graphics.c, there
are a whole group of #ifdef, #includes, checking for each platform.
As can be seen, we included wxGraphics.h if HAVE_WX is defined.  This
macro is defined during configuration if the --wx option is enabled
during configuration.  All of the definitions in the header point to
function definitions particular to our WX implementation.  This right
here is sufficient to take care of all of the turtle graphics
functionality.  All of the corresponding functions defined in this
header are defined in wxTurtleGraphics.cpp

The other main hook was for our terminal.  There are only a few places
where anything is done for this.  Most of the I/O for the terminal is
done through calls to putc and getc, so instead of calling these
routines, we have them call getFromWX and printToScreen instead which
are defined in wxMain.cpp.  The files which call getc where we
do this are files.c and parse.c.  We define putc to be printToScreen
in the header globals.h as they did for other platforms, but it is
only used in parse.c. We also defined wx_fgets as a replacement for
fgets which is called in coms.c and wrksp.c, as well as flushFile as a
replacement for fflush called in a few files.  Both of these are also
defined in wxMain.cpp.

By defining these basic I/O functions and the graphics functions, the
original logo is basically untouched.  The main graphics routines as
mentioned before are in wxTurtleGraphics.cpp.  Here, the class
TurtleCanvas is defined.  In this file, we have a bunch of extern "C"
routines which are called from graphics.c.  These post messages to the
GUI thread and have operations handled for them in the TurtleCanvas
class.  Some of these are routines for drawing lines, getting the size
of the current GUI screen, and other similar things.

The Main terminal routines are defined in both wxMain.cpp and
wxTerminal.cpp.  Again, there are extern "C" routines defined in
wxMain.cpp.  The terminal printing function adds a character to
printing buffer and signals the GUI to print it.  Then the handling
routine printText in the class wxTerminal in wxTerminal.cpp handles
the actual drawing of the text to the GUI.  Similarly, the GUI takes
in all of the input entered by way of the onChar handler, and when an
enter is pressed, it makes it available to the logo interpreter.  When
the interpreter calls getc, it retrieves a character from this
available buffer.  If nothing is available at the time, it is put to
sleep and woken up by the GUI when something is made available.
ucblogo-6.1/TextEditor.h0000664000175000017500000000141313557147341013367 0ustar  jjcjjc#include 



class TextEditor : public wxTextCtrl{
	
public:
	TextEditor(wxWindow* const, int, wxString, const wxPoint&, const wxSize&, int, wxFont font);
	void OnSave();
	void OnFind();
	void OnFindNext();
	void DoPaste();
	void DoCopy();
	void DoCut();
	void DoPrint();
	void OnCloseAccept();
	void OnCloseReject();
	bool Load(const wxString& filename);
	void SetFont(wxFont font);
	void SetThisFont(wxCommandEvent&);
	
	int stateFlag;
	int doSave;
	
private:    
	wxFindReplaceDialog *findDlg;
	wxFindReplaceData *findData;
	wxString *prevFind;
	wxFont font;
	
	void OnCloseEvent(wxCloseEvent& event);
	void OnFindDialog(wxFindDialogEvent& event);
	void Close();
	int Find (const wxString & sSearch, int start);
	wxString file;
	
	
	DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
		
};
ucblogo-6.1/TextEditor.cpp0000664000175000017500000001536613557147341013736 0ustar  jjcjjc#include 
#include "wx/wx.h"
//#include "gterm.hpp"
#include "LogoFrame.h"
#include "wxGlobals.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "TextEditor.h"
#include "wxTurtleGraphics.h"
#include "wxTerminal.h"		/* must come after wxTurtleGraphics.h */


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TextEditor
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE (TextEditor, wxTextCtrl)
EVT_CHAR(TextEditor::OnChar)  
EVT_TEXT(wxID_ANY, TextEditor::SetThisFont)
EVT_FIND(wxID_ANY, TextEditor::OnFindDialog)
EVT_CLOSE(TextEditor::OnCloseEvent)
END_EVENT_TABLE()


// globals for signalling to logo 
int editor_active = 0; 

/* The constructor */
TextEditor::TextEditor(wxWindow* const f, int a, wxString s, const wxPoint& p , const wxSize& sz, int b, wxFont font ) :
wxTextCtrl(f, a, s, p, sz, b)
{
	findDlg=0;
	findData=0;
	prevFind=0;
	this->font = font;
	SetFont(font);
}

void TextEditor::SetFont(wxFont font){
	this->font = font;
#ifdef __WXMAC__                                                        
	SetDefaultStyle(wxTextAttr(wxNullColour,wxNullColour, font));
	if(this->IsShown()){
		SetStyle(0,GetLastPosition(), wxTextAttr(wxNullColour,wxNullColour,font));
#else
	SetDefaultStyle(wxTextAttr(TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curFG],
				   TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG], font));
	if(this->IsShown()){
		SetStyle(0,GetLastPosition(),
			 wxTextAttr(TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curFG],
				    TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG],font));
    SetBackgroundColour(
		TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG]);
#endif
		Refresh();
		Update();
	}
}

void TextEditor::SetThisFont(wxCommandEvent& event) {
#ifdef __WXMAC__                                                        
	SetDefaultStyle(wxTextAttr(wxNullColour,wxNullColour, this->font));
	if(this->IsShown()){
		SetStyle(GetLastPosition()-1, GetLastPosition(), wxTextAttr(wxNullColour,wxNullColour,this->font));
#else
	SetDefaultStyle(wxTextAttr(TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curFG],
				   TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG], this->font));
	if(this->IsShown()){
		SetStyle(GetLastPosition()-1, GetLastPosition(),
			 wxTextAttr(TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curFG],
				    TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG],this->font));
	    SetBackgroundColour(
			TurtleCanvas::colors[wxTerminal::terminal->m_curBG]);
#endif
		Refresh();
		Update();
		Refresh();
		Update();
	}
}

/* Loads the given filename into the text editor*/
bool TextEditor::Load(const wxString& filename){
	file = filename;
	LoadFile(file);
	SetFont(font);
	return true;
}

void TextEditor::OnFindNext(){
	wxFindDialogEvent event;
	event.SetFindString(*prevFind);
	OnFindDialog(event);
	
}

void TextEditor::OnFind(){
	if(findDlg)
		return;
	findData = new wxFindReplaceData();
	findDlg = new wxFindReplaceDialog(this, findData, wxString("Find...", wxConvUTF8), wxFR_NOWHOLEWORD | 
									  wxFR_NOMATCHCASE | wxFR_NOUPDOWN );
	findDlg->Show(TRUE);
	
	
}

/* This is called when someone pressed the Find button inside
	the finder dialog */
void TextEditor::OnFindDialog(wxFindDialogEvent& event)
{
	long int start, end, dummy, loc;
	end = GetLastPosition();
	wxString textstring(GetRange(0, GetLastPosition()));
	GetSelection(&dummy,&start);
	wxString findString(event.GetFindString());
	if(prevFind){
		delete prevFind;
	}
	prevFind = new wxString(findString);
	loc = Find(findString, start);
	
	// if we didn't find anything, try again from the beginning
	if (loc == -1 && start != 0){
		start = 0;
		loc = Find(findString, start);
	}
	if (loc == -1){
		wxMessageDialog dlg(this, wxString("Not Found", wxConvUTF8),
							wxString("Find String Not Found", wxConvUTF8),
							wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION);
		dlg.ShowModal();
		dlg.Destroy();
		if (findDlg){
			if (loc == -1)
				findDlg->SetFocus();
			return;
		}
	}
	
	else{
		if(findDlg){
			delete findDlg->GetData();	
			findDlg->Destroy();
			findDlg=0;
		}
		ShowPosition(loc);
	}
}

/* This finds the next instance of a search string ESEARCH
within the entire text of the editor starting from
START
*/
int TextEditor::Find (const wxString & sSearch, int start){
    wxString allText = GetValue();
	wxString sText = allText.Mid(start);
	// the replace is for windows compatibility
#ifdef __WXMSW__
	sText.Replace(wxT( "\n" ), wxT( " \n" ) ) ;
#endif
    int iStart =sText.Find (sSearch);
    if(iStart == -1)
		return -1;
	if(iStart==0){
		if(sText.Mid(0,sSearch.length()) != sSearch)
			return -1;
	}
	int iEnd = iStart + sSearch.Length();
    SetSelection (iStart+start, iEnd+start);
    return iStart+start ;
}

void TextEditor::DoCut(){
	this->Cut();
}

void TextEditor::DoCopy(){
	this->Copy();
}

void TextEditor::DoPaste(){
	this->Paste();
}


void TextEditor::OnCloseEvent(wxCloseEvent& event){
	OnCloseReject();
}

extern "C" int getTermInfo(int);
extern "C" void setTermInfo(int,int);

/* Closes the text editor and saves changes */
void TextEditor::OnCloseAccept(){
	doSave=1;
	if(getTermInfo(EDIT_STATE) == NO_INFO){
		wxMessageDialog dialog( NULL, _T("Load changes into Logo?"),
								_T("Load Changes"), wxNO_DEFAULT|wxYES_NO|wxCANCEL|wxICON_INFORMATION);
		switch ( dialog.ShowModal() )
		{
			case wxID_YES:
				setTermInfo(EDIT_STATE,DO_LOAD);
				break;
				
			case wxID_NO:
				setTermInfo(EDIT_STATE,NO_LOAD);
				break;
				
			case wxID_CANCEL:
				return;
				
			default:
				wxLogError(wxT("Unexpected wxMessageDialog return code!"));
		}
	}
	OnSave();
	Close();
}

/* Closes the text editor but does not save changes */
void TextEditor::OnCloseReject(){
	doSave=0;
	Close();
}



/* Does the actual closing of the editor by hiding it and
   bringing back the terminal */
void TextEditor::Close(){
	if(findDlg){
		delete findDlg->GetData();
		findDlg->Destroy();
		findDlg = 0; 
	}
	topsizer->Show(wxTerminal::terminal, 1);
	topsizer->Show((wxWindow *)turtleGraphics, turtleGraphics->getInfo(IN_GRAPHICS_MODE));
	topsizer->Show(editWindow, 0);
	topsizer->Layout();
	wxTerminal::terminal->SetFocus();
	logoFrame->SetUpMenu();
	editor_active = 0;
}

void TextEditor::OnSave(){
	SaveFile(file);
}

/* Prints out the text in this editor */
void TextEditor::DoPrint(){
	
	if(!wxTerminal::terminal->htmlPrinter)
		wxTerminal::terminal->htmlPrinter = new wxHtmlEasyPrinting();
	int fontsizes[] = { 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 };
	wxTerminal::terminal->htmlPrinter->SetFonts(_T("Courier"),_T("Courier"), fontsizes);
	wxString textString;
	textString.Clear();
	
	long i;
	for(i=0;i"));
	}
	
	wxTerminal::terminal->htmlPrinter->PrintText(textString);
	 
	
}

ucblogo-6.1/TODO0000664000175000017500000000025613557147341011617 0ustar  jjcjjcmac: select font from menu doesn't work

stripped libraries (but keep jpeg for snap/stamp?)

editor stuff

test without -O0

Win: window too far to right, aspect ratio weird
ucblogo-6.1/coms.c0000664000175000017500000003024413575571772012245 0ustar  jjcjjc/*
 *      coms.c	  program execution control module	dvb
 *
 *	Copyright (C) 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
 *
 *      This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *      (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *      GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *      along with this program.  If not, see .
 *
 */

#ifdef HAVE_WX
#define fgets wx_fgets
extern int check_wx_stop(int force_yield);
#endif

#define WANT_EVAL_REGS 1
#include "logo.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include 
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include 
#endif
#ifdef ibm
#include "process.h"
#endif
#ifdef mac
#include 
#include 
#endif
#ifdef __RZTC__
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO_H
#ifdef HAVE_WX
#include 
#else
#include 
#endif
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SGTTY_H
#include 
#endif
#endif

NODE *make_cont(enum labels cont, NODE *val) {
#ifdef __RZTC__
    union { enum labels lll;
	    NODE *ppp;} cast;
#endif
    NODE *retval = cons(NIL, val);
#ifdef __RZTC__
    cast.lll = cont;
    retval->n_car = cast.ppp;
#else
    retval->n_car = (NODE *)cont;
#endif
    settype(retval, CONT);
    return retval;
}

NODE *loutput(NODE *arg) {
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (ufun == NIL) {
	    err_logo(AT_TOPLEVEL, fun);
	} else if (val_status & OUTPUT_TAIL 
		 /* This happens if OP seen when val_status & STOP_OK */
		    || !(val_status & OUTPUT_OK)) {
			/* This happens on OP OP 3 */
	    if (didnt_output_name == NIL) didnt_output_name = fun;
	    if (didnt_get_output == UNBOUND) {
		didnt_get_output = cons_list(0,theName(Name_output),
					     ufun,this_line,END_OF_LIST);
		/* Not quite right; could be .maybeoutput */
		didnt_output_name = fun;
	    }
	    err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, NIL);
	} else {
	    stopping_flag = OUTPUT;
	    output_unode = current_unode;
	    output_node = car(arg);
	}
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lstop(NODE *args) {
  if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (ufun == NIL)
	    err_logo(AT_TOPLEVEL, theName(Name_stop));
	else if (val_status & OUTPUT_TAIL 
		 || !(val_status & STOP_OK)) {
	    didnt_output_name = fun;
	    err_logo(DIDNT_OUTPUT, NIL);
	} else {
	    stopping_flag = STOP;
	    output_unode = current_unode;
	}
  }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lthrow(NODE *arg) {
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (isName(car(arg), Name_error)) {
	    if (cdr(arg) != NIL)
		err_logo(USER_ERR_MESSAGE, cadr(arg));
	    else
		err_logo(USER_ERR, UNBOUND);
	} else {
	    stopping_flag = THROWING;
	    throw_node = car(arg);
	    if (cdr(arg) != NIL)
		output_node = cadr(arg);
	    else
		output_node = UNBOUND;
	}
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lcatch(NODE *args) {
    return make_cont(catch_continuation, cons(car(args), lrun(cdr(args))));
}

extern NODE *evaluator(NODE *list, enum labels where);

int torf_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args);

    while (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (is_list(arg)) {	/* accept a list and run it */
	    val_status = VALUE_OK;
	    arg = evaluator(arg, begin_seq);
	}
	if (isName(arg, Name_true)) return TRUE;
	if (isName(arg, Name_false)) return FALSE;
	if (NOT_THROWING) arg = err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg);
    }
    return -1;
}

NODE *lgoto(NODE *args) {
    return make_cont(goto_continuation, car(args));
}

NODE *ltag(NODE *args) {
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lnot(NODE *args) {
    int arg = torf_arg(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (arg) return(FalseName());
	else return(TrueName());
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *land(NODE *args) {
    int arg;

    if (args == NIL) return(TrueName());
    while (NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = torf_arg(args);
	if (arg == FALSE)
	    return(FalseName());
	args = cdr(args);
	if (args == NIL) break;
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING) return(TrueName());
    else return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lor(NODE *args) {
    int arg;

    if (args == NIL) return(FalseName());
    while (NOT_THROWING) {
	arg = torf_arg(args);
	if (arg == TRUE)
	    return(TrueName());
	args = cdr(args);
	if (args == NIL) break;
    }
    if (NOT_THROWING) return(FalseName());
    else return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *runnable_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args);

    if (!aggregate(arg)) {
	setcar(args, parser(arg, TRUE));
	arg = car(args);
    }
    while (!is_list(arg) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
    }
    return(arg);
}

NODE *lif(NODE *args) {	/* macroized */
    NODE *yes;
    int pred;

    if (cddr(args) != NIL) return(lifelse(args));

    pred = torf_arg(args);
    yes = runnable_arg(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (pred) return(yes);
	return(NIL);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lifelse(NODE *args) {    /* macroized */
    NODE *yes, *no;
    int pred;

    pred = torf_arg(args);
    yes = runnable_arg(cdr(args));
    no = runnable_arg(cddr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	if (pred) return(yes);
	return(no);
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lrun(NODE *args) {    /* macroized */
    NODE *arg = runnable_arg(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING) return(arg);
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lrunresult(NODE *args) {
    return make_cont(runresult_continuation, lrun(args));
}

NODE *pos_int_arg(NODE *args) {
    NODE *arg = car(args), *val;
    FIXNUM i;
    FLONUM f;

    val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    while ((nodetype(val) != INT || getint(val) < 0) && NOT_THROWING) {
	if (nodetype(val) == FLOATT &&
		    fmod((f = getfloat(val)), 1.0) == 0.0 &&
		    f >= 0.0 && f < (FLONUM)MAXLOGOINT) {
#if HAVE_IRINT
	    i = irint(f);
#else
	    i = (FIXNUM)f;
#endif
	    val = make_intnode(i);
	    break;
	}
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
	val = cnv_node_to_numnode(arg);
    }
    setcar(args,val);
    if (nodetype(val) == INT) return(val);
    return UNBOUND;
}

NODE *lrepeat(NODE *args) {
    NODE *cnt, *torpt, *retval = NIL;

    cnt = pos_int_arg(args);
    torpt = lrun(cdr(args));
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	retval = make_cont(repeat_continuation, cons(cnt,torpt));
    }
    return(retval);
}

NODE *lrepcount(NODE *args) {
    return make_intnode(user_repcount);
}

NODE *lforever(NODE *args) {
    NODE *torpt = lrun(args);

    if (NOT_THROWING)
    return make_cont(repeat_continuation, cons(make_intnode(-1), torpt));
    return NIL;
}

NODE *ltest(NODE *args) {
    int arg = torf_arg(args);

    if (ufun != NIL && tailcall != 0) return UNBOUND;
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
	dont_fix_ift = arg+1;
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *liftrue(NODE *args) {
    if (ift_iff_flag < 0)
	return(err_logo(NO_TEST,NIL));
    else if (ift_iff_flag > 0)
	return(lrun(args));
    else
	return(NIL);
}

NODE *liffalse(NODE *args) {
    if (ift_iff_flag < 0)
	return(err_logo(NO_TEST,NIL));
    else if (ift_iff_flag == 0)
	return(lrun(args));
    else
	return(NIL);
}


void prepare_to_exit(BOOLEAN okay) {

#ifdef HAVE_WX
	extern void doClose();
	doClose();
	wxLogoExit (0);
#endif

#ifdef mac
    if (okay) {
	console_options.pause_atexit = 0;
	exit(0);
    }
#endif

#ifndef WIN32 /* sowings */
#ifdef ibm
    ltextscreen(NIL);
    ibm_plain_mode();
#ifdef __RZTC__
    msm_term();
    zflush();
    controlc_close();
#endif
#endif
#endif /* !WIN32 */

#ifdef unix
#ifndef HAVE_UNISTD_H
    extern int getpid();
#endif
    char ef[30];

    charmode_off();
    sprintf(ef, "/tmp/logo%d", (int)getpid());
    unlink(ef);
#endif
}

NODE *lbye(NODE *args) {
    prepare_to_exit(TRUE);
    if (ufun != NIL || loadstream != stdin) exit(0);
#ifndef WIN32
    if (isatty(0) && isatty(1))
#endif
	lcleartext(NIL);
    ndprintf(stdout, "%t\n", message_texts[THANK_YOU]);
    ndprintf(stdout, "%t\n", message_texts[NICE_DAY]);
#ifdef __RZTC__
    printf("\n");
#endif
    
#ifdef HAVE_WX
    wx_leave_mainloop++;
    return UNBOUND;
#else    
    exit(0);
    return UNBOUND;	/* not reached, but makes compiler happy */
#endif
}

NODE *lwait(NODE *args) {
    NODE *num;
    unsigned int n;
#if defined(unix) && HAVE_USLEEP
	unsigned int seconds, microseconds;
#endif
#ifdef mac
    long target;
    extern void ProcessEvent(void);
#endif

    num = pos_int_arg(args);
    if (NOT_THROWING) {
      /*#ifdef HAVE_WX
      n = (unsigned int)getint(num) * 10; // milliseconds
      wxLogoSleep(n);
      return(UNBOUND);
      #endif*/
#ifndef HAVE_WX
#ifdef WIN32
      win32_update_text();
#else
      fflush(stdout); /* csls v. 1 p. 7 */
#endif
#else
      //doesn't seem to work in WX. now done in wxLogoSleep
      //fflush(stdout); /* csls v. 1 p. 7 */
#endif

#if defined(__RZTC__)
	zflush();
#endif
	fix_turtle_shownness();

#ifdef HAVE_WX
	n = (unsigned int)getint(num) * 100 / 6; // milliseconds
	wxLogoSleep(n);
	//check_throwing;
	return(UNBOUND); 
#endif

	if (getint(num) > 0) {
#ifdef unix
#ifdef HAVE_USLEEP
	    n = (unsigned int)getint(num);
		
		if (seconds = n / 60)
			sleep(seconds);
			
		if (microseconds = (n % 60) * 16667)
			usleep(microseconds);
#else
	    n = (unsigned int)getint(num) / 60;
	    sleep(n);
#endif
#elif defined(__RZTC__)
	    usleep(getint(num) * 16667L);
#elif defined(mac)
	    target = getint(num)+TickCount();
	    while (TickCount() < target) {
		if (check_throwing) break;
		ProcessEvent();
	    }
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
	    n = (unsigned int)getint(num);
	    while (n > 60) {
		_sleep(1000);
		n -= 60;
		if (check_throwing) n = 0;
	    }
	    if (n > 0) _sleep(n*1000/60);
#else	/* unreachable, I think */
	    if (!setjmp(iblk_buf)) {
		input_blocking++;
		n = ((unsigned int)getint(num)+30) / 60;
		if (n > 0) sleep(n);
	    }
	    input_blocking = 0;
#endif
	}
    }
    return(UNBOUND);
}

NODE *lshell(NODE *args) {
#if defined(mac)
    printf("%s\n", message_texts[NOSHELL_MAC]);
    return(UNBOUND);
#else    
#ifdef ibm
    NODE *arg;
    char doscmd[200];
/*  union REGS r;     */
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    arg = car(args);
    while (!is_list(arg) && NOT_THROWING) {
	setcar(args, err_logo(BAD_DATA, arg));
	arg = car(args);
    }
    if (arg == NIL) {
	ndprintf(stdout, "%t\n", message_texts[TYPE_EXIT]);
	if (spawnlp(P_WAIT, "command", "command", NULL))
	    err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
	      make_static_strnode
		 ("Could not open shell (probably due to low memory)"));
    }
    else {
	print_stringlen = 199;
	print_stringptr = doscmd;
	ndprintf((FILE *)NULL,"%p",arg);
	*print_stringptr = '\0';
	if (system(doscmd) < 0)
	    err_logo(FILE_ERROR,
	      make_static_strnode
		 ("Could not open shell (probably due to low memory)"));
	print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
	print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    }
/*
    r.h.ah = 0x3;
    r.h.al = 0;
    r.h.dh = 0; r.h.dl = 0;
    int86(0x21, &r, &r);
    x_coord = x_margin;
    y_coord = r.h.dh;
 */
#ifndef WIN32
    x_coord = x_margin;
    y_coord = y_max;
    ibm_gotoxy(x_coord, y_coord);
#else
    win32_repaint_screen();
#endif
    return(UNBOUND);
#else
    extern FILE *popen();
    char cmdbuf[300];
    FILE *strm;
    NODE *head = NIL, *tail = NIL, *this;
    BOOLEAN wordmode = FALSE;
    int len;
    char *old_stringptr = print_stringptr;
    int old_stringlen = print_stringlen;

    if (cdr(args) != NIL) wordmode = TRUE;
    print_stringptr = cmdbuf;
    print_stringlen = 300;
    ndprintf((FILE *)NULL,"%p\n",car(args));
    *print_stringptr = '\0';
#ifdef __WXMSW__
	strm = _popen(cmdbuf,"r");
#else
    strm = popen(cmdbuf,"r");
#endif
    print_stringptr = old_stringptr;
    print_stringlen = old_stringlen;
    fgets(cmdbuf,300,strm);
    while (!feof(strm)) {
	len = (int)strlen(cmdbuf);
	if (cmdbuf[len-1] == '\n')
	    cmdbuf[--len] = '\0';
	if (wordmode)
	    this = make_strnode(cmdbuf, (struct string_block *)NULL, len,
			STRING, strnzcpy);
	else
	    this = parser(make_static_strnode(cmdbuf), FALSE);
	if (head == NIL) {
	    tail = head = cons(this,NIL);
	} else {
	    setcdr(tail, cons(this,NIL));
	    tail = cdr(tail);
	}
	fgets(cmdbuf,300,strm);
    }
#ifdef __WXMSW__
	_pclose(strm);
#else
    pclose(strm);
#endif
    return(head);
#endif
#endif
}
ucblogo-6.1/PkgInfo0000664000175000017500000000001113557147341012374 0ustar  jjcjjcAPPLUCBL
ucblogo-6.1/Messages.zh_TW0000664000175000017500000000550113601420003013624 0ustar  jjcjjc; UCBLogo message file version 6.1
; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number
; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering
;  and may be added at will.
Logo: 嚴重的內部錯誤。
超出容量
堆疊溢出
海龜超出邊界
%p 不喜歡用 %s 做為輸入
%p 並沒有輸出到 %p
給 %p 的輸入不足
%p 不喜歡用 %s 做為輸入
給 %p 的輸入太多
你沒說要如何做 %s
太多的 '('
%s 沒有任何值
預料之外的 ')'
我不知道要如何 %p
找不到 %p 的抓取標記
%p 已經定義過
停止中…
已經滴落
檔案系統錯誤: %p
假設你的意思是 IFELSE，而不是 IF
%p 被本地的程序呼叫所掩蔽
擲出 "Error
%p 是一個基本詞
無法在程序之中使用 TO
我不知道如何去 %p
%p 而沒有 TEST
預料之外的 ']'
預料之外的 '}'
無法啟始圖形
巨集程式傳回 %s 而不是一個串列
你沒有說用 %s 做什麼
可以在程序之中只使用 %p
APPLY 不喜歡用 %s 做為輸入
END 於 %p 中在多列指令之內
Logo: 耗盡記憶體。
%p
END 在多列指令之內
不當的可選輸入預設表示式: %s
無法在 RUNRESULT 之內使用 OUTPUT 或 STOP
假設你的意思是 '%p'，而不是 %p
我無法開啟檔案 %p
檔案 %p 已經開啟
檔案 %p 沒有開啟
Runlist %s has more than one expression
Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object
; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these)
謝謝你使用 Logo。
祝你今天愉快。
對不起，Mac 上沒有 shell。
輸入 EXIT 來回到 Logo。
  位於 %s\n%s
抽出迴圈
暫停中…
停止
輸出
找不到檔案: %t\n
無法 KEYP，在這個系統上沒有 FIONREAD
沒有足夠的記憶體
我無法開啟那個檔案
檔案已經開啟
檔案沒有開啟
Pprop
歡迎使用 Berkeley Logo 版本 %t
你必須在一個程序中使用 OUTPUT 或 STOP。
警告: 記憶體不足以執行垃圾資訊收集器。
GC 已停用 - 儲存重要資料並離開！
%s 已定義\n
Make %s %s
to %p\nend\n\n
Plist %s = %s\n
沒有可用的說明。\n
在 %p 上沒有可用的說明。\n
--更多--
; Logo special words, used mostly in Logo-generated messages
; TRUE and FALSE are generated by predicates and accepted by IF etc.
真
假
; End of a procedure
end
; Some names of primitives treated specially in the evaluator
; (You still have to COPYDEF them to match any changes here.)
輸出
停止
跳到
標記
如果
若非
定
.巨集
; Special CATCH tags
頂層
系統
錯誤
; How no-value prints in error messages
沒事
; Outputs from SCREENMODE
文字螢幕
分割螢幕
全螢幕
; Outputs from PENMODE
繪圖
抹除
反相
; Outputs from TURTLEMODE
迴轉
圍牆
視窗
; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these
和
差
積
商
等於
小於
大於
不大於
不小於
不等於
; Object stuff
名稱
類別
自身
授權證
起始清單
存在
ucblogo-6.1/Messages.sp0000664000175000017500000000533613601420003013221 0ustar  jjcjjc; Spanish version of Berkeley Logo messages file 6.1
; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number
; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering
;  and may be added at will.
Logo: Error Interno Fatal.
no hay espacio
desborde de pila
tortuga fuera de los lmites
a %p no le gust recibir %s
%p no entreg nada a %p
%p necesita recibir ms cosas
a %p no le gust recibir %s
demasiadas cosas entre parntesis ()
No dices qu debo hacer con %s
demasiados parntesis '('
%s no tiene un valor todava
parntesis ')' inesperado
no s cmo realizar %p
no puedo encontrar la etiqueta LANZA para %p
%p ya est definida
Parando...
DRIBBLE est activado
Error del sistema de archivos: %p
Asumo que queras decir SIOTRO, no SI
%p cubierta por local en llamada a procedimiento
ATRAPA "Error
%p es una primitiva
No puedes usar PARA dentro de un procedimiento
no se cmo realizar %p
%p sin PRUEBA
corchete ']' inesperado
llave '}' inesperada
no pude inicializar grficas
Macro entreg %s en lugar de una lista
No dices qu debo hacer con %s
Solo puedes usar %p dentro de un procedimiento
a APLICA no le gust recibir %s 
FIN dentro de una instruccin multi-lnea en %p
Logo: Falta de Memoria.
%p
FIN dentro de una instruccin multi-lnea 
Mala expresin por defecto para parmetro opcional: %s
No puedes usar RESPUESTA o ALTO dentro de ACTIVARESULTADO
Asumo que queras decir '%p', no %p
No puedo abrir archivo %p
Archivo %p ya est abierto
Archivo %p no est abierto
Runlist %s has more than one expression
Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object
; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these)
Gracias por usar Logo.
Que tengas un buen da.
Lo lamento, no hay 'shell' en la Mac.
Escribe EXIT para retornar a Logo.
   en %s\n%s
Lazo ERRACT
Pausando...
se detuvo
responde
Archivo no encontrado: %t\n
No se puede usar TECLAP, no hay FIONREAD en este sistema
No hay suficiente memoria
No puedo abrir ese archivo
Archivo ya est abierto
Archivo no est abierto
Pprop
Bienvenido a Berkeley Logo versin %t
Debes estar dentro de un procedimiento para usar REPUESTA o ALTO.
Advertencia: No hay suficiente memoria para ejecutar el recolector de basura.
GC deshabilitado - Guarda informacin importante a disco y sal!
%s definido\n
DA %s %s
PARA %p\nFIN\n\n 
Plista %s = %s\n
No hay ayuda disponible.\n
No hay ayuda disponible para %p.\n
--ms--
cierto
falso
fin
respuesta
alto
saltoa
etiqueta
si
siotro
para
.macro
toplevel
sistema
error
nada
; Outputs from SCREENMODE
textscreen
splitscreen
fullscreen
; Outputs from PENMODE
paint
erase
reverse
; Outputs from TURTLEMODE
wrap
fence
window
; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these
sum
difference
product
quotient
equalp
lessp
greaterp
lessequalp
greaterequalp
notequalp
ucblogo-6.1/Messages.fr0000664000175000017500000000534013575571772013237 0ustar  jjcjjc; French version of Berkeley Logo messages file 5.5
; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number
; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering
;  and may be added at will.
Logo : erreur interne fatale
Plus assez de mmoire
Dbordement de pile
Tortue en dehors des limites
%p n'aime pas l'argument %s
%p ne donne pas de valeur  %p
Pas assez d'arguments pour %p
%p n'aime pas l'argument %s
Trop de choses entre les ( )
Vous ne dites pas ce qu'il faut faire de %s
Trop de '('
%s n'a pas de valeur
')' inattendue
Je ne connais pas la procdure %p
Pas de CATCH correspondant  l'tiquette (tag) %p
%p est dj dfinie
Arrt...
Dj en train d'appliquer DRIBBLE
Erreur systme de fichiers: %p
Supposant que vous voulez dire SINON (IFELSE) et non SI (IF)
%p masque dans un appel de procdure
Throw "Error
%p est une primitive
Impossible d'utiliser POUR (TO) dans une procdure
Je ne connais pas la procdure %p
%p sans TEST
']' inattendu
'}' inattendu
Impossible d'initialiser le graphisme
La macro retourne %s au lieu d'une liste
Vous ne dites pas ce qu'il faut faire de %s
Ne peux utiliser %p que dans une procdure
APPLY n'accepte pas l'argument %s
FIN (END) dans une instruction multi-ligne dans %p
Plus de mmoire (fatal)
%p
FIN (END) dans une instruction multi-ligne
Expression par dfaut de l'argument optionnel errone: %S
Ne peux utiliser RETOURNE (OUTPUT) ou STOPPE (STOP) dans RUNRESULT
Supposant que vous voulez dire '%p' et non %p
Impossible d'ouvrir fichier %p
Fichier %p dj ouvert
Fichier %p non ouvert
Runlist %s a plus qu'une expression
Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object
; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these)
Merci d'utiliser Logo.
Bonne journe!
Dsol, pas de shell sur le Mac.
Tapez EXIT pour revenir  Logo
dans %s\n%s
ERRACT boucle
Pause...
arrte
sort
Fichier non trouv: %t\n
KEYP impossible, pas de FIONREAD sur ce systme
Mmoire insuffisante
Impossible d'ouvrir ce fichier
Fichier dj ouvert
Fichier non ouvert
Pprop
Bienvenue dans Berkeley Logo version %t
Vous devez tre dans une procdure pour utiliser RETOURNE (OUTPUT) ou STOPPE (STOP)
Attention: mmoire insuffisante pour lancer le ramasse-miette
Ramasse-miette dsactiv - Enregistrez vos donnes et quittez!
%s dfinie\n
Faire %s %s
pour %p\nfin\n\n
Plist %s = %s\n
Aide indisponible.\n
Pas d'aide disponible pour %p.\n
--plus--
vrai
faux
fin
retourne
stoppe
goto
tiquette
si
sinon
pour
.macro
toplevel
system
error
rien
; Outputs from SCREENMODE
textscreen
splitscreen
fullscreen
; Outputs from PENMODE
paint
erase
reverse
; Outputs from TURTLEMODE
wrap
fence
window
; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these
sum
difference
product
quotient
equalp
lessp
greaterp
lessequalp
greaterequalp
notequalp
ucblogo-6.1/LogoFrame.h0000664000175000017500000000410313557147341013146 0ustar  jjcjjc#ifndef BASIC_H
#define BASIC_H
#include 
#include 
#include "logo.h"

// This is the Top level Application Class
class LogoApplication : public wxApp
{
  public:
	virtual bool OnInit();
	virtual int OnExit();
        virtual int OnRun();	
};

// This is the Event Manager for the logo application
// allows us to process events while waiting (single-thread wxLogo)

class LogoEventManager {
  public:
    LogoEventManager(LogoApplication *logoApp);
    void ProcessEvents(int force_yield = 0);
  private:
    LogoApplication *m_logoApp;
};

// This is the Top level frame for logo
class LogoFrame : public wxFrame
{
  public:
	LogoFrame( const wxChar *title,
                int xpos=50, int ypos=50,
                int width=900, int height=500);

        void AdjustSize();
	void SetUpEditMenu();
	void SetUpMenu();
	void OnPrintText(wxCommandEvent&);
	void OnPrintTextPrev(wxCommandEvent&);
        void OnSelectFont(wxCommandEvent&);
	void OnIncreaseFont(wxCommandEvent&);
	void OnDecreaseFont(wxCommandEvent&);
private:
	void OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnSave(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnSaveAs(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnLoad(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnTurtlePrintPreview(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void DoStop(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void DoPause(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void DoPaste(wxCommandEvent&);
	void DoCopy(wxCommandEvent&);
	void OnPrintTurtle(wxCommandEvent&);
	
	void OnEditCloseAccept(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditCloseReject(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditPrint(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditCopy(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditCut(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditFind(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditFindNext(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditPaste(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditSave(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));
	void OnEditLoad(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event));

        void OnCloseWindow(wxCloseEvent& event);
	
	DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};


#endif
ucblogo-6.1/Messages0000664000175000017500000000531113601420003012571 0ustar  jjcjjc; UCBLogo message file version 6.1
; Error messages -- position in this file corresponds to error number
; Lines starting with semicolon don't count in the line numbering
;  and may be added at will.
Logo: Fatal Internal Error.
out of space
stack overflow
turtle out of bounds
%p doesn't like %s as input
%p didn't output to %p
not enough inputs to %p
%p doesn't like %s as input
too many inputs to %p
You don't say what to do with %s
too many ('s
%s has no value
unexpected ')'
I don't know how  to %p
Can't find catch tag for %p
%p is already defined
Stopping...
Already dribbling
File system error: %p
Assuming you mean IFELSE, not IF
%p shadowed by local in procedure call
Throw "Error
%p is a primitive
Can't use TO inside a procedure
I don't know how  to %p
%p without TEST
unexpected ']'
unexpected '}'
couldn't initialize graphics
Macro returned %s instead of a list
You don't say what to do with %s
Can only use %p inside a procedure
APPLY doesn't like %s as input
END inside multi-line instruction in %p
Logo: Out of Memory.
%p
END inside multi-line instruction
Bad default expression for optional input: %s
Can't use OUTPUT or STOP inside RUNRESULT
Assuming you meant '%p', not %p
I can't open file %p
File %p already open
File %p not open
Runlist %s has more than one expression
Variable name %s is defined both dynamically and in current object
; Non-error messages (no numeric error code for these)
Thank you for using Logo.
Have a nice day.
Sorry, no shell on the Mac.
Type EXIT to return to Logo.
  in %s\n%s
Erract loop
Pausing...
stops
outputs
File not found: %t\n
Can't KEYP, no FIONREAD on this system
Not enough memory
I can't open that file
File already open
File not open
Pprop
Welcome to Berkeley Logo version %t
You must be in a procedure to use OUTPUT or STOP.
Warning: Not enough memory to run garbage collector.
GC disabled - Save important data and exit!
%s defined\n
Make %s %s
to %p\nend\n\n
Plist %s = %s\n
No help available.\n
No help available on %p.\n
--more--
; Logo special words, used mostly in Logo-generated messages
; TRUE and FALSE are generated by predicates and accepted by IF etc.
true
false
; End of a procedure
end
; Some names of primitives treated specially in the evaluator
; (You still have to COPYDEF them to match any changes here.)
output
stop
goto
tag
if
ifelse
to
.macro
; Special CATCH tags
toplevel
system
error
; How no-value prints in error messages
nothing
; Outputs from SCREENMODE
textscreen
splitscreen
fullscreen
; Outputs from PENMODE
paint
erase
reverse
; Outputs from TURTLEMODE
wrap
fence
window
; HELP turns infix operators +-*/=<> into these
sum
difference
product
quotient
equalp
lessp
greaterp
lessequalp
greaterequalp
notequalp
; Object stuff
name
class
self
licenseplate
initlist
exist
ucblogo-6.1/Info.plist0000664000175000017500000000104013575571772013100 0ustar  jjcjjc



	CFBundleDevelopmentRegion
	English
	CFBundleIconFile
	logo.icns
	CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion
	6.0
	CFBundlePackageType
	APPL
	CFBundleSignature
	UCBL
	CFBundleVersion
	0.0.1d1


ucblogo-6.1/.gdb_history0000664000175000017500000000073313557147341013445 0ustar  jjcjjcbreak wx_clear
run
step
step
drawToWindow
print drawToWindow
print drawToPrinter
print drawToWindow
step
step
step
print CLEARSCREEN
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
stepout
help
help running
show step-mode
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
step
bt
step
continue
continue